Tm mode filter and communication device
The TM mode filter with a stepped through hole structure addresses the challenge of negative coupling and size reduction, achieving improved RF performance and flexibility in ceramic-filled filters.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/084780
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing TM mode filters face challenges in achieving negative coupling and reducing size while maintaining high Q value and low insertion loss, particularly in ceramic-filled designs, which are difficult to integrate into compact radio systems due to complex production and spurious issues.
A TM mode filter design featuring a body with a metalized outer surface and resonators made of higher permittivity material, utilizing a stepped through hole with a partially metallized inner surface to achieve negative coupling, allowing for adjustable coupling bandwidth and improved RF performance.
The design enables efficient negative coupling, reduces spurious effects, and allows for smaller size and better in-band performance, enhancing filter flexibility and reducing production complexity.
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Figure CN2024084780_02102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TM MODE FILTER AND COMMUNICATION DEVICETechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of communication device, and more particularly, to a transverse magnetic (TM) mode filter and a communication device comprising the TM mode filter.Background
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate better understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] Mobile network develops very fast in recent decades. It enables digital wireless experience. As global mobile network continues to grow, smart network modernization becomes imperative. Managing data growth while improving user experience requires continued network evolution, meaning seamless coverage, high data rate and so on. 5G and the evolutionary solution is the key component for the digital world. Massive Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) is one of the great features in 5G, in which integration of antenna unit (AU) with radio unit (RU) is required. For example, advanced antenna system (AAS) with filter may be tightly integrated with radio station (RS) , and filter unit (FU) in the radio front end may be integrated with AU or RU. Each way needs a tight integration of FU. For a tight integration, FUs usually are preferred to be attached to a mother board, a low-pass filter (LPF) board, an antenna calibration (AC) board or a power splitter board to reduce the radio size and weight. The type of FU demands smaller size with decent performance.
[0004] In traditional BS solution, metal cavity filter is most recommended because of its high quality factor (Q) value and power handling performance. When RU is getting smaller and smaller, ceramic waveguide (CWG) filter is widely used, due to light weight, small size, low cost and easy to be combined with other parts. It has acceptable insertion loss and overall performance.
[0005] Global warming is a great challenge. Eco and power saving radio station helps to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission. In-band performance of filter is key for an eco radio system. It desires low insertion loss. Unloaded quality (Qu) factor is a parameter to reflect how good the insertion loss can be. With better in-band performance, it also helps to reduce heat sink size, which results in a radio with smaller size as well.
[0006] TM mode is a suitable solution for compact filter applications. It works perfectly in air cavities in many radio products. In line with tight integration, the size of the filter needs to be further reduced. A ceramic filled TM mode filter provides better Qu while keeping a small size. However, getting negative coupling is a challenge for realization of ceramic filled TM mode filter.Summary
[0007] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0008] One of the objects of the disclosure is to provide a novel and improved solution for TM mode filters.
[0009] According to a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a TM mode filter comprising a body and at least two resonators. The body is made of a first material with a first permittivity and has a metalized outer surface. The at least two resonators are located within the body and are made of a second material with a second permittivity that is higher than the first permittivity. A stepped through hole with partially metallized inner surface is provided between two adjacent resonators to realize a negative coupling.
[0010] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the two adjacent resonators comprise a first resonator and a second resonator each extending from a bottom surface of the body towards a top surface of the body. The partially metallized inner surface is continuous between a first end in the bottom surface of the body and near the first resonator and a second end in the top surface of the body and near the second resonator.
[0011] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the stepped through hole comprises a first portion including the first end of the partially metallized inner surface and a second portion including the second end of the partially metallized inner surface. A part of the inner surface of the second portion is non-metalized.
[0012] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the stepped through hole is rectangular or cylindrical.
[0013] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a first cross-sectional area of the first portion is smaller than a second cross-sectional area of the second portion. In a longitudinal section of the body, the stepped through hole substantially takes the shape of a flag, and the partially metallized inner surface substantially takes the shape of “Z” .
[0014] In an embodiment of the disclosure, when viewed from the top of the body, the part of the inner surface of the second portion that is non-metalized substantially takes the shape of “C” .
[0015] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a bandwidth of the negative coupling can be controlled by at least one of the following parameters: a height of the part of the inner surface of the second portion that is non-metalized; a height of the second portion; a width of the part of the inner surface of the second portion that is non-metalized; a width of the second portion.
[0016] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a coupling window is provided between the first resonator and the second resonator.
[0017] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the coupling window is a channel or groove penetrating through the body from the top surface to the bottom surface.
[0018] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a length of the coupling window influences the bandwidth and / or the polarity of the coupling between the first resonator and the second resonator.
[0019] In an embodiment of the disclosure, each of the two adjacent resonators is a single-ended resonator that is spaced apart from the top surface of the body.
[0020] In an embodiment of the disclosure, each of the two adjacent resonators is a double-ended resonator that extends to the top surface of the body.
[0021] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the negative coupling can be tuned in a final tuning process.
[0022] According to a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a communication device comprising at least one TM mode filter as described above.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0023] These and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which are to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0024] FIG. 1A shows a single cavity of a singled-ended TM mode filter, and FIG. 1B and FIG. 1C show the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector of the cavity, respectively;
[0025] FIG. 2A shows a single cavity of a double-ended TM mode filter, and FIG. 2B and FIG. 2C show the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector of the cavity, respectively;
[0026] FIG. 3A shows a single cavity of a traditional single mode CWG filter, and FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C show the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector of the cavity, respectively;
[0027] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show a perspective view and a top view, respectively, of a TM mode filter with two cavities, and FIG. 4C shows the main coupling field of the two cavities;
[0028] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view from bottom of a TM mode filter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B each show a top view of the TM mode filter, with inside resonators being plotted in FIG. 6A;
[0030] FIG. 6C shows the electric field vector of the TM mode filter;
[0031] FIG. 7A shows a front view of the TM mode filter, with inside resonators being plotted, and FIG. 7B shows a sectional view taken along a line A-Adepicted in FIG. 6B;
[0032] FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate two heights of a stepped through hole and their influence on a coupling bandwidth;
[0033] FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate two widths of the stepped through hole and their influence on the coupling bandwidth;
[0034] FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate a length of a coupling window and its influence on the coupling bandwidth and the coupling polarity;
[0035] FIG. 11 shows a top view of a TM mode filter according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 12 shows a front view of the TM mode filter;
[0037] FIG. 13 shows the topology of the TM mode filter, and
[0038] FIGS. 14 and 15 each show a full 3D simulation result of the TM mode filter.Detailed Description
[0039] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0040] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0041] Traditional single mode CWG filters having an ordinary Q value are widely used in 4G and 5G wireless radios. However, when considering loss from LPF for spurious suppression, the total loss should be further decreased.
[0042] Multi-mode ceramic filters may have a better Q value, and sometimes may have a smaller size. But most existing solutions have higher cost and challenges to produce in mass production. Sometimes the spurious is getting worse, which requires a tougher LPF.
[0043] Small metal filter is an option to provide both insertion loss and relatively small size. However, it has complex production process and higher costs. And it is difficult to reduce the size at lower frequency band.
[0044] Air cavity ceramic filter is a type of filter which could give a good Qu and a high power capacity, but size is difficult to be reduced. And it has high accuracy requirement on ceramic rod and final assembling.
[0045] TM mode is a suitable solution for compact filter applications. It works perfectly in air cavities in many radio products. In line with tight integration, the size of the filter needs to be further reduced. To replace the air cavity with a high dielectric constant material is an effective solution. Such a ceramic filled TM mode filter provides better Qu while keeping a small size.
[0046] Certain types of topologies realize certain radio frequency (RF) responses. Cascaded topology is a mature technology and is widely used in filter design. Zeros can be generated by a cross coupling in such topology. In ‘Cross-Coupling in Coaxial Cavity Filters-A Tutorial Overview’ by J. Brian Thomas, it is well discussed how to generate zeros with cascaded triplet (CT) section, cascaded quadruplet (CQ) section and nested section. Unlike air cavity ceramic filter in which a separate metal piece can be mounted in the cavity, it is very difficult to have any third component put inside the ceramic body. Thus, getting negative coupling is a challenge for realization of ceramic filled TM mode filter.
[0047] Moreover, for many types of negative coupling structure used in ceramic filters, such as a blind hole structure, there is a spurious on lower side of the passband. It either requires a roofing filter or limits the RF performance of the ceramic filter.
[0048] In view of the above, a new type of negative coupling structure for a ceramic filled TM mode filter is proposed.
[0049] FIG. 1A shows a single cavity of a single-ended TM010 mode. The cavity 1 comprises a resonator 101 located within a body 102. The body 102 is made of a first material with a first permittivity, and has a metalized outer surface. The resonator 101 is made of a second material with a second permittivity that is higher than the first permittivity. FIG. 1B and FIG. 1C show the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector of the cavity 1, respectively.
[0050] FIG. 2A shows a single cavity of a double-ended TM010 mode. The cavity 11 comprises a resonator 1101 located within a body 1102. The body 1102 is made of a first material with a first permittivity, and has a metalized outer surface. The resonator 1101 is made of a second material with a second permittivity that is higher than the first permittivity. FIG. 2B and FIG. 2C show the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector of the cavity 11, respectively.
[0051] Depending on RF needs, a singled-ended solution (TM1 solution) as shown in FIG. 1A and / or a double-ended solution (TM2 solution) as shown in FIG. 2A can be chosen for cavities of a TM mode filter according to the present disclosure. For both solutions, the diameter of a transverse cross section may be the same or different. Although the body and the resonator are shown to have a circular transverse cross section, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the shape of the transverse cross section can be rectangle, ‘T’ shape, or other type of polygon, as long as the cavity has a TM mode.
[0052] FIG. 3A shows a single cavity 12 of a traditional single mode CWG filter. A body of the cavity 12 is made of ceramic with metalized surface. To get smaller size and improve spurious performance, a blind hole 121 is commonly added, for example, on a top surface of the body. FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C show the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector of the cavity 12, respectively.
[0053] Compared with the traditional single mode capacitive loaded CWG solution, it can be known from eigen mode simulation that both TM1 solution and TM2 solution show a much better Qu and similar spurious performance, as shown in Table 1.
[0054] Table 1: Comparison of different solutions
[0055] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show a perspective view and a top view, respectively, of a TM mode filter 2 with two cavities. The TM mode filter 2 comprises a body 201 and two resonators 202, 203 located within the body 201. The body 201 is made of a first material with a first permittivity, and has a metalized outer surface. Each of the resonators 202, 203 is made of a second material with a second permittivity that is higher than the first permittivity. By opening an aperture (not shown) as a coupling window between the two resonators 202, 203, a positive coupling can be realized. The size of the aperture and the distance between the two resonators 202, 203 can control the coupling bandwidth. FIG. 4C shows the main coupling field of the TM mode filter 2.
[0056] Next, a TM mode filter with a negative coupling structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described.
[0057] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view from bottom of a TM mode filter 3 according to the embodiment. FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B each show a top view of the TM mode filter 3, with inside resonators being plotted in FIG. 6A. FIG. 6C shows the electric field vector of the TM mode filter 3. FIG. 7A shows a front view of the TM mode filter 3, with inside resonators being plotted. FIG. 7B shows a sectional view taken along a line A-Adepicted in FIG. 6B.
[0058] As shown in FIGS. 5, 6A and 7A, the TM mode filter 3 in this embodiment comprises a body 301 and two resonators 302, 303 located within the body 301. The body 301 has a rectangular cross section, and each of the two resonators 302, 303 has a circular cross section. However, the cross section of the body 301 or the two resonators 302, 303 may take any other shapes. The body 301 is made of a first material with a first permittivity, and has a metalized outer surface. Each of the resonators 302, 303 is made of a second material with a second permittivity that is higher than the first permittivity. Each of the first material and the second material is preferably ceramic, and may be any dielectric materials, such as certain kinds of plastic.
[0059] Each of the resonators 302, 303 extends from a bottom surface of the body 301 towards a top surface of the body 301. In this embodiment, each of the resonators 302, 303 is a single-ended TM1 resonator that is spaced apart from the top surface of the body 301 as shown in FIG. 7A. However, each of the resonators 302, 303 may be a double-ended TM2 resonator that extends to the top surface of the body 301.
[0060] In this embodiment, a coupling window 304 is provided between the two resonators 302, 303. The coupling window 304 may be a channel or groove penetrating through the body 301 from the top surface to the bottom surface. Normally, a positive coupling is realized by the coupling window 304.
[0061] To get a negative coupling, a stepped through hole 305 with a partially metallized inner surface 306 is provided between the two resonators 302, 303. As shown in FIG. 7B, the partially metallized inner surface 306 has a first end which is in the bottom surface of the body 301 and near the resonator 302, and a second end which is in the top surface of the body 301 and near the second resonator 303. The partially metallized inner surface 306 is continuous between the first end and the second end. The partially metallized inner surface 306 provides an electric field coupling (i.e., the negative coupling) , as shown in FIG. 6C.
[0062] The stepped through hole 305 comprises a first portion including the first end of the partially metallized inner surface 306, and a second portion including the second end of the partially metallized inner surface 306. In this embodiment, a first cross-sectional area of the first portion is significantly smaller than a second cross-sectional area of the second portion, and a part of the inner surface of the second portion is non-metalized. The cross section of the first portion or the second portion of the stepped through hole 305 may be rectangular, cylindrical or in any other shapes.
[0063] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7B, in a longitudinal section of the body 301, the stepped through hole 305 substantially takes the shape of a flag, and the partially metallized inner surface 306 substantially takes the shape of “Z” . More specifically, the whole inner wall surface of the first portion of the stepped through hole 305 is metallized, only a part of an inner wall surface of the second portion of the stepped through hole 305 is metallized, and a bottom surface of the second portion of the stepped through hole 305 is metallized. When viewed from the top of the body 301, the non-metalized part of the inner wall surface of the second portion substantially takes the shape of “C” .
[0064] In another embodiment, the first cross-sectional area of the first portion may be slightly smaller than or substantially the same as the second cross-sectional area of the second portion. In a further embodiment, the first cross-sectional area of the first portion may be larger than the second cross-sectional area of the second portion, and in this case, a part of an inner wall surface of the first portion may be non-metalized, and a top surface of the first portion is metallized.
[0065] There are several parameters in the stepped through hole 305 and the partially metallized inner surface 306 that can control the negative coupling level, i.e., a bandwidth of the negative coupling. For the illustrated embodiment, the parameters include a height H1 of the non-metalized part of the inner surface of the second portion of the stepped through hole 305, a height H2 of the second portion, a width W1 of the non-metalized part of the inner surface of the second portion, and a width W2 of the second portion.
[0066] FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate the height H1, the height H2 and their influence on the coupling bandwidth. As shown in FIG. 8B, the height H1 of the non-metallized part of the stepped through hole 305 has a positive correlation with the coupling bandwidth. As shown in FIG. 8C, for a given height H1 such as 3mm, the height H2 of the second portion of the stepped through hole 305 also has an influence on the coupling bandwidth.
[0067] FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate the width W1, the width W2 and their influence on the coupling bandwidth. As shown in FIG. 9B, the width W1 of the non-metallized part of the stepped through hole 305 has a positive correlation with the coupling bandwidth. As shown in FIG. 9C, for a given width W1 such as 5mm, the width W2 of the second portion of the stepped through hole 305 also has an influence on the coupling bandwidth.
[0068] The size of the coupling window 304 also influences the coupling bandwidth, and further influences the coupling polarity. FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate the length L1 of the coupling window 304 and its influence on the coupling bandwidth and the coupling polarity. As shown in FIG. 10B, when the length L1 of the coupling window 304 is less than 7mm, a positive coupling is realized by the coupling window 304, which may cancel or reduce the negative coupling between the two resonators 302 and 303. In other words, the length L1 of the coupling window 304 has a positive correlation with the negative coupling. When the length L1 of the coupling window 304 is larger than 7mm, the coupling sign is changed to negative coupling. FIG. 10C shows the electric field vector in a first case where the length L1 of the coupling window 304 is 7mm, and the electric field vector in a second case where the length L1 of the coupling window 304 is 5mm.
[0069] Certain type of topology gives certain filter response. FIG. 11 shows a top view of a TM mode filter 4 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 shows a front view of the TM mode filter 4. FIG. 13 shows the topology of the TM mode filter 4. FIGS. 14 and 15 each show a full 3D simulation result of the TM mode filter 4.
[0070] The TM mode filter 4 according to this embodiment has ten resonators, i.e., ten poles. Coupling windows 411-417 are provided between the respective resonators. A first connector 418 is connected to the first (Resonator 1) of the resonators and a second connector 419 is connected to the last (Resonator 10) of the resonators, providing signal input and output function, respectively. A first negative coupling structure is provided between the third (Resonator 3) and the fourth (Resonator 4) of the resonators, and a second negative coupling structure is provided between the seventh (Resonator 7) and the eighth (Resonator 8) of the resonators. The first negative coupling structure comprise a stepped through hole 420 with a partially metallized inner surface 421, and the second negative coupling structure comprise a stepped through hole 430 with a partially metallized inner surface 431. The stepped through hole 420 or 430 has the same structure as that of the stepped through hole 305, so detailed description thereof is omitted. This type of structure gives an efficient way to control negative coupling bandwidth, as discussed above.
[0071] As shown in FIG. 14, four zeros, two on the upper side of the passband and two on the lower side of the passband, are generated by means of the first and second negative coupling structures. As shown in FIG. 15, there is no spurious on the lower side of the passband, which gives better performance and design flexibility.
[0072] The TM mode filter according to the present disclosure is preferably formed from ceramic powder, for example, by dry pressing or injection molding. Ceramic injection molding technology is a smart way to form a body of complex shape. The stepped through hole for realizing the negative coupling can be easily processed at the same time of forming the body of the TM mode filter. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the stepped through hole may also be processed, for example by milling, after the body of the TM mode filter is formed.
[0073] The present disclosure also relates to a communication device comprising at least one TM mode filter as described above.
[0074] According to the present disclosure, a negative coupling structure for a TM mode filter, especially a ceramic filled TM mode filter, is proposed. The negative coupling structure comprises a stepped through hole with partially metallized inner surface, which is provided between two adjacent resonators. It is easy to fabrication, for example, by ceramic injection molding technology, which gives high accuracy and avoids post assembling process. The negative coupling structure enables complex topology realization, and fits to both single-ended TM1 solution and double-ended TM2 solution.
[0075] For different filter response, the wanted coupling bandwidth is also different. According to the proposed negative coupling structure, by changing the dimension of the stepped through hole, coupling bandwidth can be adjusted. The proposed negative coupling structure gives a wide range of coupling bandwidth adjustment. It gives flexibility to filter design to get better in-band loss and out-of-band rejection.
[0076] Filter needs to provide rejection on both high side and low side of the passband. Many existing negative coupling structures for CWG application bring in spurious on the lower side, which limits the filter performance. The proposed negative coupling structure has no spurious on the lower side of the passband, which further strengthens filter design flexibility and performance.
[0077] There are tolerances from ceramic material and mechanical tolerances. All the tolerances have an impact on RF response. It is important to absorb and adjust filter parameters to make sure the final performance. The proposed negative coupling structure can be adjusted during the forming process of ceramic body. It also can be tuned in a final tuning process. By grinding or any other similar process, it gives the possibility to adjust coupling bandwidth if needed to guarantee a good filter response.
[0078] References in the present disclosure to “an embodiment” , “another embodiment” and so on, indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0079] It should be understood that, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0080] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The terms “connect” , “connects” , “connecting” and / or “connected” used herein cover the direct and / or indirect connection between two elements.
[0081] The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A transverse magnetic (TM) mode filter, comprising a body (301) made of a first material with a first permittivity and having a metalized outer surface, and at least two resonators (302, 303) located within the body (301) and made of a second material with a second permittivity that is higher than the first permittivity, wherein a stepped through hole (305) with partially metallized inner surface (306) is provided between two adjacent resonators (302, 303) to realize a negative coupling.2.The TM mode filter according to claim 1, wherein the two adjacent resonators (302, 303) comprise a first resonator (302) and a second resonator (303) each extending from a bottom surface of the body (301) towards a top surface of the body (301) , and the partially metallized inner surface (306) is continuous between a first end in the bottom surface of the body (301) and near the first resonator (302) and a second end in the top surface of the body (301) and near the second resonator (303) .3.The TM mode filter according to claim 2, wherein the stepped through hole (305) comprises a first portion including the first end of the partially metallized inner surface (306) and a second portion including the second end of the partially metallized inner surface (306) , and a part of the inner surface of the second portion is non-metalized.4.The TM mode filter according to claim 3, wherein the stepped through hole (305) is rectangular or cylindrical.5.The TM mode filter according to claim 4, wherein a first cross-sectional area of the first portion is smaller than a second cross-sectional area of the second portion, and in a longitudinal section of the body (301) , the stepped through hole (305) substantially takes the shape of a flag, and the partially metallized inner surface (306) substantially takes the shape of “Z” .6.The TM mode filter according to claim 5, wherein when viewed from the top of the body (301) , the part of the inner surface of the second portion that is non-metalized substantially takes the shape of “C” .7.The TM mode filter according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein a bandwidth of the negative coupling can be controlled by at least one of the following parameters: a height (H1) of the part of the inner surface of the second portion that is non-metalized; a height (H2) of the second portion; a width (W1) of the part of the inner surface of the second portion that is non-metalized; a width (W2) of the second portion.8.The TM mode filter according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a coupling window (304) is provided between the first resonator (302) and the second resonator (303) .9.The TM mode filter according to claim 8, wherein the coupling window (304) is a channel or groove penetrating through the body (301) from the top surface to the bottom surface.10.The TM mode filter according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a length (L1) of the coupling window (304) influences the bandwidth and / or the polarity of the coupling between the first resonator (302) and the second resonator (303) .11.The TM mode filter according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein each of the two adjacent resonators (302, 303) is a single-ended resonator that is spaced apart from the top surface of the body (301) .12.The TM mode filter according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein each of the two adjacent resonators (302, 303) is a double-ended resonator that extends to the top surface of the body (301) .13.The TM mode filter according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the body (301) is formed from ceramic powder by dry pressing or injection molding, and the stepped through hole (305) is processed when forming the body (301) .14.The TM mode filter according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the negative coupling can be tuned in a final tuning process.15.A communication device, comprising at least one TM mode filter according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
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