Battery charging and discharging control circuit, and charging and discharging control method and device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of charging and discharging circuits, and provides a battery charging and discharging control circuit, and a charging and discharging control method and device, applied to charging and discharging of a backup battery unit. The circuit comprises: a microcontroller, a bidirectional boost-buck circuit, and a unidirectional buck circuit; one end of a parallel circuit formed by connecting the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit in parallel is connected to the backup battery unit, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to a power supply; and the microcontroller is respectively electrically connected to the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit, is configured to, upon receiving a charging instruction, control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit by means of the power supply, and is configured to, upon receiving a discharging instruction, control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to perform discharging in parallel by means of the backup battery unit. The present invention reduces circuit costs while ensuring effective charging and discharging of a backup battery unit.

Description

Battery charging and discharging control circuit, charging and discharging control method and device

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202410371634.1, and application name “Battery Charging and Discharging Control Circuit, Charging and Discharging Control Method and Device”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of charging and discharging circuits, and in particular to a battery charging and discharging control circuit, a charging and discharging control method, and a device. Background Art

[0004] As is known from related art, in storage server applications, the motherboard system is often powered by a power supply. However, power supply failures can occur. To ensure that data stored in the motherboard system is not lost, a backup battery power supply is required. The backup battery unit requires a high discharge current to promptly meet the motherboard system's backup power needs in the event of a power outage. However, there is often no time limit for charging the backup battery unit, so a high charging current is not required.

[0005] Currently, the same bidirectional boost-buck circuit is often used to charge and discharge the backup battery unit. Since the bidirectional boost-buck circuit meets the requirements of large current discharge, it has excess performance for small current charging, which increases the overall design cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery charging and discharging control circuit, charging and discharging control method and device, which can reduce circuit cost and improve discharge conversion efficiency while ensuring effective charging and discharging of backup battery units.

[0007] The present application provides a battery charging and discharging control circuit, which is used to charge and discharge a backup battery unit. The circuit includes: a microcontroller, a bidirectional boost-buck circuit, and a unidirectional buck circuit; one end of a parallel circuit formed by connecting the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit in parallel is connected to the backup battery unit, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to a power supply; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply when a charging instruction is received, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel when a discharge instruction is received.

[0008] Optionally, the battery charging and discharging control circuit further includes: an anti-backflow circuit, wherein the anti-backflow circuit is connected in series to one end of the unidirectional step-down circuit.

[0009] Optionally, the backflow prevention circuit includes a backflow prevention controller and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor externally mounted on the backflow prevention controller.

[0010] Optionally, the battery charging and discharging control circuit further includes: a first differential amplifier circuit, wherein one end of the first differential amplifier circuit is connected in series to the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit, and the other end of the first differential amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0011] Optionally, the battery charging and discharging control circuit further includes: a second differential amplifier circuit, wherein one end of the second differential amplifier circuit is connected in series to the unidirectional buck circuit, and the other end of the second differential amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0012] Optionally, the bidirectional boost-buck circuit includes a four-tube bidirectional boost-buck circuit.

[0013] The present application also provides a charging and discharging control method, which is applied to any battery charging and discharging control circuit. The method includes: when a charging instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to use the power supply to charge the backup battery unit; when a discharge instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit.

[0014] Optionally, before the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply, the method also includes: real-time monitoring of the charged voltage of the backup battery unit; controlling the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply based on the microcontroller, including: when the charged voltage is less than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than a difference threshold, controlling the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a buck mode based on the microcontroller; when the charged voltage is greater than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than the difference threshold, controlling the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a boost mode based on the microcontroller; when the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is less than or equal to the difference threshold, controlling the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a boost-buck mode based on the microcontroller.

[0015] Optionally, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit, including: the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in a buck mode and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit.

[0016] Optionally, before the bidirectional boost-buck circuit is controlled by the microcontroller to discharge in parallel with the backup battery unit in the buck mode and the unidirectional buck circuit, the method further includes: obtaining a first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in real time, and obtaining a second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit in real time; and controlling the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to discharge in parallel with the backup battery unit in the buck mode and the unidirectional buck circuit based on the microcontroller includes: controlling a first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm based on the microcontroller, or controlling a first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm based on the microcontroller. The controller controls the second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit so that the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the first duty cycle control and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the second duty cycle control are equal, wherein the buck bridge arm is the buck bridge arm of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in the discharge mode; the bidirectional boost-buck circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the buck mode and the first normalized discharge current value, and the unidirectional buck circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the second normalized discharge current value.

[0017] Optionally, the first normalized discharge current value is determined in the following manner: real-time collection of the first discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit; obtaining a first proportional coefficient of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit, wherein the first proportional coefficient is determined based on the flowable current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit; and determining the first normalized discharge current value based on the first discharge current value and the first proportional coefficient.

[0018] Optionally, the second normalized discharge current value is determined in the following manner: real-time acquisition of the second discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit; obtaining a second proportional coefficient of the unidirectional buck circuit, wherein the second proportional coefficient is determined based on the flowable current value of the unidirectional buck circuit and the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit; and determining the second normalized discharge current value based on the second discharge current value and the second proportional coefficient.

[0019] Optionally, the microcontroller controls a first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm, or the microcontroller controls a second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit, so that the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the first duty cycle control and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the second duty cycle control are equal, including: when it is monitored that the first normalized discharge current value is greater than the second normalized discharge current value, the microcontroller increases the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit. The second duty cycle is adjusted until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle is equal to the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle after the adjustment is increased; when it is monitored that the first normalized discharge current value is less than the second normalized discharge current value, the first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm is adjusted based on the microcontroller until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle after the adjustment is equal to the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle.

[0020] The present application also provides a charging and discharging control device, which is applied to any battery charging and discharging control circuit. The device includes: a charging control module, which is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit based on a microcontroller to charge the backup battery unit using a power supply when a charging instruction is received; and a discharging control module, which is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit in parallel to discharge the backup battery unit based on a microcontroller when a discharging instruction is received.

[0021] The present application also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program / instruction, which implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned charging and discharging control methods when executed by a processor.

[0022] The present application also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps of any of the above-mentioned charging and discharging control methods are implemented.

[0023] The present application also provides a computer non-volatile readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned charging and discharging control methods when executed by a processor.

[0024] The present application provides a battery charging and discharging control circuit, a charging and discharging control method, and a device. The battery charging and discharging control circuit is used to charge and discharge a backup battery unit. The circuit includes: a microcontroller, a bidirectional boost-buck circuit, and a unidirectional buck circuit; wherein, one end of a parallel circuit formed by connecting the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit in parallel is connected to the backup battery unit, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to the power supply; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply when a charging instruction is received, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel when a discharge instruction is received. This achieves the goal of reducing circuit cost and improving discharge conversion efficiency by rationally utilizing the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit while ensuring effective charging and discharging of the backup battery unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0026] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a battery charging and discharging control circuit provided by the present application;

[0027] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging and discharging control circuit provided by the present application;

[0028] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-backflow circuit provided by the present application;

[0029] FIG4 is a flow chart of the charging and discharging control method provided by the present application;

[0030] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a process of charging a backup battery unit using a power supply based on a microcontroller-controlled bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit provided in the present application;

[0031] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a process of discharging a backup battery unit in parallel using a microcontroller-based bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit in a step-down mode and a unidirectional step-down circuit, provided by the present application;

[0032] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging and discharging control device provided in the present application;

[0033] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device provided in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of this application can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein, and that the objects distinguished by "first," "second," and the like are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects; for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, the term "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects connected are in an "or" relationship.

[0036] The battery charging and discharging control circuit provided in this application can be used to charge and discharge a backup battery unit. The backup battery unit can provide backup power when the mainboard system loses power. The battery charging and discharging control circuit provided in this application utilizes a bidirectional buck-boost circuit in parallel with a unidirectional buck circuit. During charging, the buck-boost circuit is used to meet charging requirements; during discharge, the current flows through the buck circuit and the buck-boost circuit in parallel, saving circuit cost while improving discharge conversion efficiency.

[0037] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a battery charging and discharging control circuit provided in this application.

[0038] The battery charging and discharging control circuit provided in this application will be described below with reference to FIG1 .

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as can be seen from FIG1 , the battery charging and discharging control circuit may include a microcontroller, a bidirectional boost and buck circuit, and a unidirectional buck circuit.

[0040] One end of a parallel circuit formed by connecting the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit in parallel is connected to the backup battery unit, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to the power supply;

[0041] The microcontroller is electrically connected to the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply when a charging instruction is received, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel when a discharge instruction is received.

[0042] In one embodiment, after the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit, one end of the parallel circuit is connected to the power supply, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to the backup battery unit. During charging, current can flow from the power supply to the backup battery unit; during discharging, current can flow from the backup battery unit to the power supply.

[0043] In another embodiment, a microcontroller can be electrically connected to a bidirectional boost-buck circuit and a unidirectional buck circuit, respectively. Upon receiving a charge instruction, the microcontroller can control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply, as the charging time is not restricted. Upon receiving a discharge instruction, the backup battery unit needs to be powered promptly to avoid data loss due to system power failure, i.e., it needs to be powered at a higher current. During application, the microcontroller can control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel.

[0044] In this embodiment, since the bidirectional boost-buck circuit can perform small current charging, during the discharge process, in addition to using the bidirectional boost-buck circuit for small current discharge, a unidirectional buck circuit is also connected in parallel for large current discharge, thereby meeting the demand for large current discharge, reducing circuit cost, and improving discharge conversion efficiency.

[0045] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the bidirectional boost-buck circuit can also be a four-tube bidirectional boost-buck circuit. Setting the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in a four-tube form, such as shown in FIG2 , can improve the discharge conversion rate of the entire battery charging and discharging control circuit.

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery charging and discharging control circuit provided by this application.

[0047] As shown in Figure 2, the four-tube buck-boost circuit is a bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit. The buck circuit is a unidirectional step-down circuit. In use, the four-tube buck-boost circuit and the buck circuit are connected in parallel, with one end of the parallel connection connected to the PSU (power supply unit) (corresponding to the power supply) and the other end connected to VBAT (battery voltage) (corresponding to the backup battery voltage). A microcontroller (corresponding to the MCU (microcontroller unit) in the figure) is electrically connected to the four-tube buck-boost circuit and the buck circuit, respectively. It is configured to control the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply upon receiving a charge command, and to control the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel upon receiving a discharge command.

[0048] In another embodiment, a four-tube buck-boost circuit with a current of a first preset value (e.g., 6A) can be designed to meet the charging requirements of the backup battery unit. The MOS tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and the inductor L1 can be selected to have a current capacity of the first preset value (6A).

[0049] In another embodiment, a buck circuit with a current of a second preset value (e.g., 84A) can be designed to meet the discharge requirements of the backup battery unit. MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) tubes Q5 and Q6 and inductor L2 form a synchronous step-down conversion circuit.

[0050] When the MCU receives a charge command from the system, it controls the four-tube buck-boost circuit to charge the BBU (Battery Backup Unit). When the MCU receives a discharge command from the system, it controls the four-tube buck-boost circuit and the buck circuit in parallel. This approach reduces circuit cost and improves discharge conversion efficiency by rationally utilizing bidirectional boost and buck circuits and unidirectional buck circuits, while ensuring efficient charging and discharging of the backup battery unit.

[0051] Continuing with the explanation in conjunction with Figure 2, the four-tube buck-boost step-up and step-down circuit and the buck circuit use digital control. The MCU sends a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) drive signal to the half-bridge driver. Each half-bridge driver (corresponding to DRIVER1-DRIVER3 in the figure) outputs a pair of complementary drive signals to the upper and lower tubes of the same bridge arm. Q1_GATE and Q2_GATE are a pair of complementary drive signals that drive Q1 and Q2 respectively. Q3_GATE and Q4_GATE are a pair of complementary drive signals that drive Q3 and Q4 respectively. Q5_GATE and Q6_GATE are a pair of complementary drive signals that drive Q5 and Q6 respectively.

[0052] The present application provides a battery charging and discharging control circuit, wherein the battery charging and discharging control circuit is used to charge and discharge a backup battery unit, and the circuit includes: a microcontroller, a bidirectional boost-buck circuit, and a unidirectional buck circuit; wherein, one end of a parallel circuit formed by connecting the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit in parallel is connected to the backup battery unit, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to a power supply; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply when a charging instruction is received, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel when a discharge instruction is received, thereby achieving the goal of reducing circuit cost and improving discharge conversion efficiency by rationally utilizing the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit while ensuring effective charging and discharging of the backup battery unit.

[0053] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the battery charging and discharging control circuit may further include: an anti-backflow circuit, wherein the anti-backflow circuit is connected in series to one end of the unidirectional buck circuit.

[0054] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the backflow prevention circuit may include a backflow prevention controller and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (also known as a MOS transistor) externally mounted on the backflow prevention controller.

[0055] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-backflow circuit provided in the present application.

[0056] For illustration, Figures 2 and 3 illustrate this. The ORing circuit in Figure 2 is a backflow prevention circuit, connected in series at one end of a unidirectional step-down circuit. This circuit can consist of a backflow prevention controller and an external MOSFET. As shown in Figure 3, the backflow prevention controller can be an LM5050, for example. The ORing circuit only allows current to flow from the backup battery unit (BBU) to the power supply (PSU). This prevents the PSU from directly charging the BBU through inductor L2 and the body diode of Q5 when the BBU voltage is too low. This would result in uncontrolled charging current, creating the risk of overcurrent damaging the inductor or even the BBU.

[0057] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the battery charging and discharging control circuit may further include a first differential amplifier circuit, wherein one end of the first differential amplifier circuit is connected in series to the bidirectional boost and buck circuit, and the other end of the first differential amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0058] In one embodiment, continuing with the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , R1 and COMP1 may constitute a first differential amplifier circuit. In practice, the sampling resistor R1 and the operational amplifier COMP1 form the first differential amplifier circuit, and can amplify a sampled signal (e.g., a sampled current) and send it to an MCU's ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) 1 for conversion into a digital signal.

[0059] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the battery charging and discharging control circuit may further include a second differential amplifier circuit, wherein one end of the second differential amplifier circuit is connected in series to the unidirectional buck circuit, and the other end of the second differential amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0060] In one embodiment, referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , R2 and COMP2 may form a second differential amplifier circuit. In practice, the sampling resistor R2 and the operational amplifier COMP2 form the second differential amplifier circuit, which amplifies the sampled signal (e.g., the sampled current) and sends it to ADC2 of the MCU for conversion into a digital signal.

[0061] According to the foregoing description, the battery charging and discharging control circuit provided in the present application is used to charge and discharge the backup battery unit, and the circuit includes: a microcontroller, a bidirectional boost-buck circuit and a unidirectional buck circuit; wherein, one end of the parallel circuit formed by the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit after being connected in parallel is connected to the backup battery unit, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to the power supply; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit respectively, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply when a charging instruction is received, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel when a discharge instruction is received, thereby achieving the goal of reducing circuit cost and improving discharge conversion efficiency by rationally utilizing the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit under the premise of ensuring effective charging and discharging of the backup battery unit.

[0062] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a charging and discharging control method, wherein the charging and discharging control method can be applied to the battery charging and discharging control circuit of any of the above embodiments.

[0063] FIG4 is a flow chart of the charging and discharging control method provided in this application.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as can be seen from FIG. 4 , the charging and discharging control method may include step 410 and step 420 , and each step will be described below.

[0065] In step 410, upon receiving a charging instruction, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply;

[0066] In step 420 , when a discharge instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel.

[0067] In one embodiment, a BBU (backup battery unit) consisting of 12 2000mAh 18650 lithium batteries in 4 series and 3 parallels can be taken as an example, and its charging current is set to 1C, i.e. 6A, and the discharge current is set to 15C, i.e. 90A. In the related art, it is necessary to design a four-tube buck-boost step-up and step-down circuit with a current of 90A to meet the large current discharge demand, which is too wasteful for 6A small current charging. At the same time, in the discharge scenario, the four-tube buck-boost step-up and step-down circuit has more switching controls of Q1 and Q2 than a simple buck circuit, resulting in increased losses and reduced efficiency. In this application, the battery charging and discharging control circuit used includes a buck-boost step-up and step-down circuit and a buck circuit connected in parallel, wherein the detailed structural relationship can be referred to the previous description and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0068] In another embodiment, when the microcontroller receives a charging instruction from the system, the microcontroller can control a bidirectional boost-buck circuit, such as a four-tube buck-boost circuit, to charge the backup battery unit using a power supply.

[0069] In another embodiment, after receiving a discharge command from the system, the microcontroller can control a bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit, such as a four-tube buck-boost step-up / step-down circuit, and a unidirectional step-down circuit. For example, the buck circuits can operate in parallel and discharge the battery using the backup battery unit. In this embodiment, different circuits can be used for charging or discharging in different scenarios (including charging and discharging scenarios). While ensuring effective charging and discharging of the backup battery unit, the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit can be rationally utilized to reduce circuit costs and improve discharge conversion efficiency.

[0070] FIG5 is a flow chart of a method provided by the present application for charging a backup battery unit using a power supply based on a microcontroller-controlled bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit.

[0071] The following describes the process of charging the backup battery unit using the power supply based on the microcontroller controlling the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit with reference to FIG. 5 .

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG5 , controlling the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit based on the microcontroller to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply may include steps 510 to 540 , and each step will be described below.

[0073] In step 510 , the charged voltage of the backup battery unit is monitored in real time.

[0074] In step 520, when the charged voltage is less than the power supply voltage of the power supply and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than the difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in buck mode.

[0075] In one embodiment, the charged voltage of the backup battery unit can also be monitored in real time. When the monitored charged voltage is less than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than a difference threshold, it indicates that the power supply needs to be stepped down to charge the backup battery unit. A microcontroller can be used to control the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to operate in step-down mode, i.e., buck mode, to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply. This embodiment enables efficient and safe charging of the backup battery unit.

[0076] In step 530, when the charged voltage is greater than the power supply voltage of the power supply and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than the difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a boost mode.

[0077] In one embodiment, when the monitored charged voltage is greater than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than a difference threshold, it indicates that the power supply needs to be boosted to charge the backup battery unit. A microcontroller can be used to control the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to operate in a boost mode, i.e., a boost mode, to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply. This embodiment enables efficient and safe charging of the backup battery unit.

[0078] In step 540 , when the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is less than or equal to the difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a boost-buck mode.

[0079] In one embodiment, when the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is less than or equal to a difference threshold, it indicates that the voltage values ​​of the power supply and the backup battery unit match. A microcontroller can be used to control a bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a step-up / step-down mode, i.e., a buck-boost mode. This embodiment enables efficient and safe charging of the backup battery unit.

[0080] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a microcontroller controls a bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit and a unidirectional step-down circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel, which can be achieved in the following manner:

[0081] Based on the microcontroller, the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel with the backup battery unit in the step-down mode and the unidirectional step-down circuit.

[0082] In one embodiment, after receiving the discharge instruction issued by the system, the microcontroller starts to control the four-tube buck-boost step-up and step-down circuit and the buck circuit to work in parallel. Since the backup battery unit is a step-down output during the discharge process, the four-tube buck-boost step-up and step-down circuit operates in the pressure mode, that is, the buck mode.

[0083] In practice, continuing with the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the duty cycle of PWM1 can be set to the maximum to keep Q1 and Q2 in a normally on state. Only the duty cycle of PWM2 needs to be adjusted. The four-transistor buck-boost circuit can output a 6A discharge current, while the buck circuit can output an 84A discharge current. The two circuits connected in parallel can provide a 90A discharge current.

[0084] FIG6 is a flow chart of the present application providing a microcontroller-based control of a bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit for discharging using a backup battery unit in parallel in a step-down mode and a unidirectional step-down circuit.

[0085] 6 , the process of discharging the backup battery unit in parallel using the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit in the step-down mode based on the microcontroller will be described.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG6 , a microcontroller-based control of a bidirectional boost-buck circuit to discharge in parallel using a backup battery unit in a buck mode and a unidirectional buck circuit may include steps 610 to 630 , and each step will be described below.

[0087] In step 610, a first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit is acquired in real time, and a second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional step-down circuit is acquired in real time.

[0088] In one embodiment, a first normalized discharge current value of a bidirectional boost-buck circuit and a second normalized discharge current value of a unidirectional buck circuit can be obtained in real time. In practice, the duty cycles of the two circuits can be adjusted based on the relationship between the first and second normalized discharge current values ​​to achieve proportional current sharing between the four-tube buck-boost and buck circuits, thus avoiding overcurrent protection issues in individual circuits caused by uneven current sharing.

[0089] In step 620, the first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm is controlled by the microcontroller, or the second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit is controlled by the microcontroller, so that the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the first duty cycle control is equal to the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the second duty cycle control.

[0090] In one embodiment, a first duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm can be controlled based on a microcontroller, or a second duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of a unidirectional buck circuit can be controlled based on a microcontroller, so that the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the first duty cycle control and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the second duty cycle control are equal. The buck bridge arm is the buck bridge arm of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in the discharge mode. Continuing to use the embodiment of Figure 2 as an example, the buck bridge arm refers to the buck bridge arm composed of Q3 and Q4. The same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit can correspond to the same bridge arm composed of Q5 and Q6.

[0091] In step 630 , the bidirectional buck-boost circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the buck mode and the first normalized discharge current value, and the unidirectional buck circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the second normalized discharge current value.

[0092] In another embodiment, since the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit are equal after the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle are adjusted, the bidirectional boost-buck circuit can be controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the buck mode and the first normalized discharge current value, and the unidirectional buck circuit can be controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the second normalized discharge current value, thereby achieving proportional current sharing of the four-tube buck-boost boost-buck circuit and the buck circuit, avoiding the problem of overcurrent protection of a single circuit caused by uneven current.

[0093] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the first normalized discharge current value may be determined in the following manner:

[0094] Real-time acquisition of a first discharge current value of a bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit;

[0095] Obtaining a first proportionality coefficient of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit, wherein the first proportionality coefficient is determined according to a flowable current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and a total discharge current value of the backup battery unit;

[0096] A first normalized discharge current value is determined based on the first discharge current value and the first proportionality coefficient.

[0097] In one embodiment, the first discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit can be collected in real time based on the MCU; and a first proportionality coefficient of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit can be obtained. The first proportionality coefficient can be determined based on the current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit. That is, the first proportionality coefficient can be determined by dividing the maximum discharge current value of each bidirectional boost-buck circuit (corresponding to the current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit, for example, 6A) by the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit (for example, 90A). Continuing with the previous embodiment as an example, k1 = 6 / 90.

[0098] The first normalized discharge current value I1 may be determined based on a ratio of the first discharge current value and the first proportionality coefficient.

[0099] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the second normalized discharge current value may be determined in the following manner:

[0100] Real-time acquisition of a second discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit;

[0101] Obtaining a second proportional coefficient of the unidirectional buck circuit, wherein the second proportional coefficient is determined according to a flowable current value of the unidirectional buck circuit and a total discharge current value of the backup battery unit;

[0102] Based on the second discharge current value and the second proportionality coefficient, a second normalized discharge current value is determined.

[0103] In one embodiment, the MCU can collect the second discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit in real time, and obtain a second proportionality coefficient for the unidirectional buck circuit. The second proportionality coefficient can be determined by the current value of the unidirectional buck circuit and the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit. Specifically, the second proportionality coefficient is determined by dividing the maximum discharge current value of each unidirectional buck circuit (corresponding to the current value of the unidirectional buck circuit, e.g., 84A) by the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit (e.g., 90A). Continuing with the previous embodiment, k2 = 84 / 90.

[0104] The second normalized discharge current value I2 may be determined based on the ratio of the second discharge current value and the second proportional coefficient.

[0105] Since the first normalized discharge current value and the second normalized discharge current value are obtained through corresponding proportional conversion, the corresponding duty cycle can be adjusted according to the magnitude of the first normalized discharge current value and the second normalized discharge current value to achieve current sharing in each circuit.

[0106] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, based on the microcontroller to control the first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck leg, or based on the microcontroller to control the second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same leg of the unidirectional buck circuit, so that the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle are equal, the following methods can be adopted:

[0107] When it is monitored that the first normalized discharge current value is greater than the second normalized discharge current value, based on the microcontroller, increase the second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same leg of the unidirectional buck circuit until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the increased second duty cycle control are equal;

[0108] When it is monitored that the first normalized discharge current value is less than the second normalized discharge current value, based on the microcontroller, increase the first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck leg until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the increased first duty cycle control and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle are equal.

[0109] In one embodiment, taking the embodiment of FIG. 2 as an example for further illustration, after obtaining the first normalized discharge current value I1 and the second normalized discharge current value I2, the two normalized current values can be compared. If I1>I2, then increase the duty cycle (corresponding to the second duty cycle) of PWM3 (corresponding to the pulse width modulation of the same leg of the unidirectional buck circuit), so that the output current of the buck circuit increases, thereby causing I2 to rise until I1 = I2.

[0110] If I1<I2, then increase the duty cycle (corresponding to the first duty cycle) of PWM2 (the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck leg), so that the output current of the four-switch buck-boost circuit increases, thereby causing I1 to rise until I1 = I2. The process of adjusting the duty cycle can be realized by the PID algorithm. Thus, the four-switch buck-boost circuit and the buck circuit are current-shared proportionally, avoiding the problem of overcurrent protection of a single circuit caused by non-uniform current sharing.

[0111] According to the foregoing description, it can be seen that the battery charging and discharging control circuit provided in the present application designs a small-current four-switch buck-boost circuit and a large-current buck circuit. The BBU charges using the four-switch buck-boost circuit, and the BBU discharges using the four-switch buck-boost circuit and the buck circuit in parallel, saving circuit costs while improving the discharge conversion efficiency;

[0112] In addition, the buck circuit output is connected to an anti-backflow circuit to prevent the PSU from directly charging the BBU through the inductor L2 and the body diode of Q5 when the BBU voltage is too low. This will cause the charging current to be uncontrolled and there is a risk of overcurrent causing the inductor or even the BBU to burn out.

[0113] In the charging and discharging control method provided in the present application, when the BBU is discharging, the MCU samples the discharge current of the four-tube buck-boost buck-boost circuit and the buck circuit and adjusts the duty cycle of PWM1, PWM2 and PWM3 to achieve proportional current sharing of the four-tube buck-boost buck-boost circuit and the buck circuit, thereby avoiding the problem of overcurrent protection of a single circuit caused by uneven current.

[0114] It should be noted that the charging and discharging control method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed by a charging and discharging control device, or by a component of the charging and discharging control device that is configured to execute the charging and discharging control method. In the embodiments of the present application, the charging and discharging control device executing the charging and discharging control method is used as an example to illustrate the charging and discharging control device provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0115] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the charging and discharging control methods shown in the above-mentioned method drawings are all described by way of example in conjunction with one of the drawings in the embodiments of this application. During implementation, the charging and discharging control methods shown in the above-mentioned method drawings can also be implemented in conjunction with any other combinable drawings shown in the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be further described here.

[0116] The charging and discharging control device provided in the present application is described below, and the charging and discharging control method described below and above can be referenced to each other.

[0117] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of the charging and discharging control device provided in this application.

[0118] The structure of the charging and discharging control device provided in this application will be described below with reference to FIG. 7 .

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a charging and discharging control device can be applied to the battery charging and discharging control circuit of any of the above embodiments. Referring to FIG7 , the device includes a charging control module 710 and a discharging control module 720 , each of which will be described below.

[0120] The charging control module 710 may be configured to control the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit based on the microcontroller to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply when a charging instruction is received;

[0121] The discharge control module 720 may be configured to control the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit based on the microcontroller to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel when a discharge instruction is received.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the charging control module 710 may also be configured as follows:

[0123] Real-time monitoring of the charged voltage of the backup battery unit;

[0124] The charging control module 710 can use the following methods to realize the use of the power supply to charge the backup battery unit based on the microcontroller-controlled bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit:

[0125] When the charged voltage is lower than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than a difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a step-down mode;

[0126] When the charged voltage is greater than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than a difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a step-up mode;

[0127] When the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is less than or equal to the difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a boost-buck mode.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the discharge control module 720 can use the following method to realize the discharge of the backup battery unit by controlling the bidirectional boost and buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit in parallel based on the microcontroller:

[0129] Based on the microcontroller, the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel with the backup battery unit in the step-down mode and the unidirectional step-down circuit.

[0130] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the discharge control module 720 may also be configured as follows:

[0131] Acquire in real time a first normalized discharge current value of a bidirectional boost-buck circuit, and acquire in real time a second normalized discharge current value of a unidirectional buck circuit;

[0132] The discharge control module 720 can be implemented by the microcontroller controlling the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to discharge in parallel with the backup battery unit in the step-down mode and the unidirectional step-down circuit in the following manner:

[0133] controlling a first duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to a buck bridge arm based on the microcontroller, or controlling a second duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of a unidirectional buck circuit based on the microcontroller, so that a first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle and a second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle are equal, wherein the buck bridge arm is the buck bridge arm of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in the discharge mode;

[0134] The bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the step-down mode and the first normalized discharge current value, and the unidirectional step-down circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit according to the second normalized discharge current value.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the discharge control module 720 may determine the first normalized discharge current value in the following manner:

[0136] Real-time acquisition of a first discharge current value of a bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit;

[0137] Obtaining a first proportionality coefficient of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit, wherein the first proportionality coefficient is determined according to a flowable current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and a total discharge current value of the backup battery unit;

[0138] A first normalized discharge current value is determined based on the first discharge current value and the first proportionality coefficient.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the discharge control module 720 may determine the second normalized discharge current value in the following manner:

[0140] Real-time acquisition of a second discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit;

[0141] Obtaining a second proportional coefficient of the unidirectional buck circuit, wherein the second proportional coefficient is determined according to a flowable current value of the unidirectional buck circuit and a total discharge current value of the backup battery unit;

[0142] Based on the second discharge current value and the second proportionality coefficient, a second normalized discharge current value is determined.

[0143] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the discharge control module 720 can implement a first duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm based on microcontroller control, or a second duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit based on microcontroller control in the following manner, so that a first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the first duty cycle control and a second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the second duty cycle control are equal:

[0144] When it is detected that the first normalized discharge current value is greater than the second normalized discharge current value, the microcontroller increases the second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle is equal to the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the increased second duty cycle;

[0145] When it is monitored that the first normalized discharge current value is less than the second normalized discharge current value, the microcontroller increases the first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle are equal.

[0146] FIG8 illustrates a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device. As shown in FIG8 , the electronic device may include: a processor 810, a communication interface 820, a memory 830, and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication interface 820, and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communication bus 840. The processor 810 may call the logic instructions in the memory 830 to execute the charging and discharging control method. The charging and discharging control method is applied to the battery charging and discharging control circuit. The method includes: upon receiving a charging instruction, controlling the bidirectional boost-buck circuit based on the microcontroller to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply; upon receiving a discharging instruction, controlling the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit based on the microcontroller to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel using the backup battery unit.

[0147] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 830 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer non-volatile readable storage medium when it is sold or used as an independent product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a non-volatile readable storage medium, including a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned non-volatile readable storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

[0148] On the other hand, the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by the computer, the computer can execute the charging and discharging control methods provided by the above methods. The charging and discharging control method is applied to the battery charging and discharging control circuit, and the method includes: when a charging instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to use the power supply to charge the backup battery unit; when a discharge instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit.

[0149] On the other hand, the present application also provides a computer non-volatile readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it is implemented to execute the above-mentioned charging and discharging control methods. The charging and discharging control method is applied to a battery charging and discharging control circuit. The method includes: when a charging instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost and buck circuit to use the power supply to charge the backup battery unit; when a discharge instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost and buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit.

[0150] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units. That is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0151] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods of each embodiment or certain parts of the embodiment.

[0152] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery charging and discharging control circuit, characterized in that: The circuit is used to charge and discharge the backup battery unit, and the circuit includes: a microcontroller, a bidirectional boost and buck circuit, and a unidirectional buck circuit; One end of a parallel circuit formed by connecting the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit in parallel is connected to the backup battery unit, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to a power supply; The microcontroller is electrically connected to the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit based on the power supply when a charging instruction is received, and is configured to control the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel when a discharge instruction is received.

2. The battery charging and discharging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery charging and discharging control circuit further includes: an anti-backflow circuit, wherein: The anti-backflow circuit is connected in series to one end of the unidirectional step-down circuit.

3. The battery charging and discharging control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-backflow circuit includes an anti-backflow controller and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor externally arranged on the anti-backflow controller.

4. The battery charging and discharging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery charging and discharging control circuit further includes: a first differential amplifier circuit, wherein: One end of the first differential amplifier circuit is connected in series to the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit, and the other end of the first differential amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller.

5. The battery charging and discharging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery charging and discharging control circuit further includes: a second differential amplifier circuit, wherein: One end of the second differential amplifier circuit is connected in series to the unidirectional buck circuit, and the other end of the second differential amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller.

6. The battery charging and discharging control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The bidirectional boost and buck circuit includes a four-tube bidirectional boost and buck circuit.

7. The battery charging and discharging control circuit according to claim 6, wherein the four-transistor bidirectional boost circuit comprises a first metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a second metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a third metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a fourth metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and a first inductor; the unidirectional buck circuit comprises a fifth metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a sixth metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and a second inductor; and the battery charging and discharging control circuit further comprises a first half-bridge driver, a second half-bridge driver, and a third half-bridge driver. The drain of the first MOSFET is connected to the power supply, the source of the first MOSFET is connected to the drain of the second MOSFET, the source of the second MOSFET is grounded, the drain of the third MOSFET is connected to the backup battery unit, the source of the third MOSFET is connected to the drain of the fourth MOSFET, the source of the fourth MOSFET is grounded, and the first inductor is bridged between the connection link between the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET and the connection link between the third MOSFET and the fourth MOSFET; The drain of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the backup battery unit, the source of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the drain of the sixth MOSFET, the source of the sixth MOSFET is grounded, the first end of the second inductor is connected to the power supply, and the second end of the second inductor is connected to the source of the fifth MOSFET; A first end of the first half-bridge driver is connected to the microcontroller, and a second end of the first half-bridge driver is connected to a gate of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and a gate of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor respectively; A first end of the second half-bridge driver is connected to the microcontroller, and a second end of the second half-bridge driver is connected to a gate of the third MOSFET and a gate of the fourth MOSFET respectively; A first end of the third half-bridge driver is connected to the microcontroller, and a second end of the third half-bridge driver is connected to the gate of the fifth metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and the gate of the sixth metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor respectively.

8. A charging and discharging control method, characterized in that: The charging and discharging control method is applied to the battery charging and discharging control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method includes: When a charging instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply; When a discharge instruction is received, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit to discharge the backup battery unit in parallel.

9. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 8, wherein: Before the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply, the method further includes: monitoring the charged voltage of the backup battery unit in real time; The method of controlling the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit based on the microcontroller to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply includes: When the charged voltage is lower than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than a difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a step-down mode; When the charged voltage is greater than the power supply voltage of the power supply, and the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is greater than a difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a step-up mode; When the difference between the power supply voltage and the charged voltage is less than or equal to a difference threshold, the microcontroller controls the bidirectional boost-buck circuit to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply in a boost-buck mode.

10. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 8, wherein: The method of controlling the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit and the unidirectional step-down circuit to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit based on the microcontroller includes: Based on the microcontroller, the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit is controlled to discharge in parallel with the backup battery unit in the step-down mode and the unidirectional step-down circuit.

11. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 10, wherein: Before the microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit to discharge in parallel with the unidirectional step-down circuit in the step-down mode using the backup battery unit, the method further includes: Acquire in real time a first normalized discharge current value of a bidirectional boost-buck circuit, and acquire in real time a second normalized discharge current value of a unidirectional buck circuit; The microcontroller controls the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit to discharge in parallel with the backup battery unit in the step-down mode and the unidirectional step-down circuit, including: Based on the microcontroller controlling a first duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm, or based on the microcontroller controlling a second duty cycle of pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit, a first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle and a second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle are equal, wherein the buck bridge arm is the buck bridge arm of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in the discharge mode; The bidirectional step-up / step-down circuit is controlled to discharge in accordance with the step-down mode and the first normalized discharge current value, and the unidirectional step-down circuit is controlled to discharge in accordance with the second normalized discharge current value using the backup battery unit in parallel.

12. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 11, wherein: After obtaining the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit in real time and obtaining the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit in real time, the method further includes: The microcontroller adjusts the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit according to the relationship between the first normalized discharge current value and the second normalized discharge current value.

13. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 11, wherein: The first normalized discharge current value is determined in the following manner: collecting a first discharge current value of the bidirectional boost and buck circuit in real time; Obtaining a first proportionality coefficient of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit, wherein the first proportionality coefficient is determined according to a flowable current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit and a total discharge current value of the backup battery unit; The first normalized discharge current value is determined based on the first discharge current value and the first proportionality coefficient.

14. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 13, wherein: The first proportional coefficient is determined by dividing the flowable current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit by the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit to obtain the first proportional coefficient.

15. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 11, wherein: The second normalized discharge current value is determined in the following manner: collecting a second discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit in real time; Obtaining a second proportional coefficient of the unidirectional buck circuit, wherein the second proportional coefficient is determined according to a flowable current value of the unidirectional buck circuit and a total discharge current value of the backup battery unit; The second normalized discharge current value is determined based on the second discharge current value and the second proportionality coefficient.

16. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 15, wherein: The second proportional coefficient is determined by dividing the flowable current value of the unidirectional buck circuit by the total discharge current value of the backup battery unit to obtain the second proportional coefficient.

17. The charging and discharging control method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein: The microcontroller controls the first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm, or the microcontroller controls the second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit, so that a first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle and a second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle are equal, including: When it is detected that the first normalized discharge current value is greater than the second normalized discharge current value, the microcontroller increases the second duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the same bridge arm of the unidirectional buck circuit until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle is equal to the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle after the increase; When it is monitored that the first normalized discharge current value is less than the second normalized discharge current value, the first duty cycle of the pulse width modulation corresponding to the buck bridge arm is increased based on the microcontroller until the first normalized discharge current value of the bidirectional boost-buck circuit under the control of the first duty cycle and the second normalized discharge current value of the unidirectional buck circuit under the control of the second duty cycle are equal after the increase.

18. A charging and discharging control device, characterized in that: The charging and discharging control device is applied to the battery charging and discharging control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the device includes: a charging control module configured to, upon receiving a charging instruction, control the bidirectional step-up and step-down circuit based on the microcontroller to charge the backup battery unit using the power supply; The discharge control module is configured to control the bidirectional boost and buck circuit and the unidirectional buck circuit to discharge in parallel using the backup battery unit based on the microcontroller when a discharge instruction is received.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the charging and discharging control method according to any one of claims 8 to 17 when executing the program.

20. A computer-readable non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that: A computer program is stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the charging and discharging control method according to any one of claims 8 to 17 are implemented.

Images