Link recognition by micro-doppler sensing
Micro-Doppler sensing differentiates direct and indirect paths by analyzing characteristic micro-movements, improving object positioning and velocity accuracy in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/085433
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Wireless communication systems struggle to accurately differentiate between direct and indirect paths of a reference signal reflected by objects, leading to inaccurate position and velocity information due to the inability to distinguish between direct and indirect paths in object sensing.
Utilizing micro-Doppler sensing to identify direct and indirect links by detecting the micro-Doppler object signature of objects such as UAVs, birds, and vehicles based on the comparison of signal strength and time of arrival, allowing for the identification of direct and indirect paths through the detection of characteristic micro-movements like rotor rotation or wing flapping.
Enables precise identification of direct and indirect paths, facilitating accurate location and velocity determination of objects, enhancing applications like autonomous driving and air traffic control by distinguishing between direct and indirect signal reflections.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024085433_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LINK RECOGNITION BY MICRO-DOPPLER SENSING
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
[0004] Object sensing, such as position and velocity sensing, may be performed for purposes such as autonomous driving, dynamic mapping, or air traffic control. For example, detection of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may be performed for purposes such as collision avoidance, flight route tracking, and / or intruder detection purposes. To detect an object, a transmitting device, such as a network entity, may transmit a reference signal, which may be reflected by the object and received via a measuring device, such as a UE or another network entity. The reference signal may arrive at the measuring device via multiple paths. For example, the reference signal may arrive at the receiving device via a direct path between the object and the receiving device and multiple indirect paths via which the reference signal is scattered via other objects. The measuring device may be unable to differentiate direct versus indirect paths, which may result in inaccurate position or velocity information for the object.SUMMARY
[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing. For example, the described techniques provide for identification of direct and indirect links based on micro-Doppler sensing. Objects such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , birds, pedestrians, and vehicles may have a micro-Doppler object signature (e.g., due to the rotation of rotors (for example, propellers) , flapping of wings, swinging of arms, or spinning of wheels) that may be detected in the micro-Doppler spectrum. Based on the comparison of the signal strength of the micro-Doppler object signature for an object of interest received in each path and / or the time of arrival of a reference signal via each path in which the micro-Doppler object signature of an object of interest is detected, a processing device may identify which path is the direct link and which path (s) are indirect links. For example, a transmitting device such as a network entity may indicate scheduling information for a reference signal and may indicate object identification information, such as a UAV type or number of rotors, to a measuring device. The measuring device may detect the micro-Doppler object signature of the object of interest in multiple paths in which the reference signal is received. Based on the measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature in the multiple paths, a processing device (e.g., the measuring device, the transmitting device, or a third device) may identify the direct and indirect paths. Based on the identification of the direct (and indirect paths) the location and position of the object of interest may be identified.
[0006] A method for wireless communications by a first network node is described. The method may include receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information, and transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0007] A first network node for wireless communications is described. The first network node may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to receive control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, receive the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information, and transmit a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0008] Another first network node for wireless communications is described. The first network node may include means for receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, means for receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information, and means for transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, receive the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information, and transmit a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0010] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.
[0011] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.
[0012] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.
[0013] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths may be a direct path and a second path of the set of paths may be an indirect path.
[0014] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a respective time at which the reference signal was received via each path of the set of paths and determining that the first path may be the direct path and the second path may be the indirect path based on the respective time at which the reference signal was received via the first path and the second path.
[0015] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.
[0016] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.
[0017] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-Doppler pattern, or angle of arrival for each path of the set of paths.
[0018] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, where the reporting configuration includes a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and where the report may be transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.
[0019] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the object information includes an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.
[0020] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, where transmitting the report includes transmitting the report indicating the set of paths, receiving the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the second reference signal includes computing a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths, and transmitting a second report indicating the respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.
[0021] A method for wireless communications by an apparatus is described. The method may include transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, and receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0022] An apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to transmit control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, transmit the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, and receive a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus may include means for transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, means for transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, and means for receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal, transmit the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, and receive a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0025] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.
[0026] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.
[0027] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.
[0028] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths may be a direct path and a second path of the set of paths may be an indirect path.
[0029] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.
[0030] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.
[0031] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-doppler pattern, or angle of arrival for each path of the set of paths.
[0032] Some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, where the reporting configuration includes a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and where the report may be transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.
[0033] In some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the object identification information includes an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.
[0034] Some examples of the method, apparatus , and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, where receiving the report includes receiving the report indicating the set of paths, transmitting the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, and receiving a second report indicating a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 2 shows an example of a sensing system that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 3 shows an example of a micro-Doppler processing diagram that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 4 shows an example of a velocity projection diagram that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 5 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIGs. 7 and 8 show block diagrams of devices that support link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a UE that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIGs. 12 and 13 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0046] Object sensing, such as position and velocity sensing, may be performed for purposes such as autonomous driving, dynamic mapping, or air traffic control. For example, detection of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may be performed for purposes such as collision avoidance, flight route tracking, and / or intruder detection purposes. To detect an object, a transmitting device, such as a network entity, may transmit a reference signal, which may be reflected by the object and received via a measuring device, such as a UE or another network entity. The reference signal may arrive at the measuring device via multiple paths. For example, the reference signal may arrive at the receiving device via a direct path between the object and the receiving device and multiple indirect paths via which the reference signal is scattered via other objects. Purely scattered reflected paths (e.g., paths in which the reference signal does not reflect of the object of interest) may be excluded via Doppler detection for a moving object of interest. Doppler detection based on the macro-movement of the body of an object, however, may not differentiate the direct path from indirect paths, which may be used to detect the position and velocity of an object of interest as well as the environment in which the object of interest is located.
[0047] Objects such as UAVs birds, pedestrians, and vehicles may have a micro-Doppler signature (e.g., due to the rotation of rotors, flapping of wings, swinging of arms, or spinning of wheels) that may be detected in the micro-Doppler spectrum. Based on the comparison of the signal strength of the micro-Doppler object signature for an object of interest received in each path and / or the time of arrival of a reference signal via each path in which the micro-Doppler object signature of an object of interest is detected, a processing device may identify which paths belong to the same object and further may identify which path is the direct link and which path (s) are indirect links for the same object. Based on micro-Doppler processing, information about the objects which scattered the reference signal along the indirect paths can be detected (e.g., object type, position, and / or velocity) , and the environment in in which the object of interest is located may be detected.
[0048] For example, a transmitting device such as a network entity may indicate scheduling information for a reference signal and may indicate object identification information, such as UAV type or number of rotors, to a measuring device. The measuring device may detect the micro-Doppler object signature of the object of interest in multiple paths in which the reference signal is received. For example, the reference signal may reflect off of the object of interest, and micro movements, such as the rotation of rotors, the flapping of wings, swinging of arms, or rotation of wheels may cause micro-Doppler shifts. Different types of objects may have characteristic micro-Doppler shifts (e.g., two rotors may cause a characteristic micro-Doppler shift identifiable from a characteristic micro-Doppler shift caused by four rotors) . The measuring device may receive the reference signal reflected off the object of interest via the multiple paths. From the perspective of the measuring device, the reference signal may be received via multiple component signals of the reference signal via the multiple paths. Based on the measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature in the component signals of the reference signal via the multiple paths, a processing device (e.g., the measuring device, the transmitting device, or a third device) may identify the direct and indirect paths. Based on the identification of the direct (and indirect paths) the location, velocity, and / or aspects of the environment in which the object of interest is located may be identified. For example, the direct link may be used to identify the angle and distance from the measuring device, and the indirect link (s) may be used to identify the identity and location of other objects which scattered the reference signal.
[0049] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to a sensing system, a micro-Doppler processing diagram, a velocity projection diagram, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing.
[0050] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0051] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0052] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0053] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0054] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0055] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0056] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0057] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0058] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0059] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0060] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0061] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0062] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0063] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0064] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0065] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0066] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0067] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0068] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0069] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0070] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0071] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0072] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0073] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0074] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0075] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0076] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0077] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0078] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0079] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0080] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0081] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by transmitting device (e.g., a transmitting network entity 105, a transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a receiving network entity 105 or a receiving UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0082] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0083] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0084] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0085] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., a communication link 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0086] Network nodes, such as UEs 115 and / or network entities 105 may perform object sensing, such as position and velocity sensing. Object sensing may include macro sensing, which may be used for purposes such as meteorological monitoring, autonomous driving, dynamic mapping, low altitude airspace and ground management (e.g., which may involve UAV, vehicle, or pedestrian sensing) . Object sensing may also include micro sensing, which may be used for purposes such as gesture recognition, vital signal detection, or high resolution imaging with terahertz (THz) band signals. Object sensing may also be used to assist in communications, for example, for beam management purposes. In some examples, object sensing capabilities may be integrated with communications capabilities. Integration of sensing and communications capabilities may involve shared radio frequency and / or baseband hardware for both sensing and communication, which may result in cost effectiveness. Integration of sensing and communications capabilities may also provide spectrum effectiveness as the available spectrum may be used for both sensing and communications functions.
[0087] For example, to detect an object, a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, may transmit a reference signal, which may be reflected by the object of interest and received via a measuring device, such as a UE 115 or another network entity 105. The reference signal may arrive at the measuring device via multiple paths. From the perspective of the measuring device, the reference signal may be received as multiple component signals via the multiple paths. For example, the reference signal may arrive at the receiving device via a direct path between the object and the receiving device and multiple indirect paths via which the reference signal is scattered by other objects. Purely scattered reflected paths (e.g., paths in which the reference signal does not reflect off the object of interest) may be excluded via Doppler detection for a moving object of interest. Doppler detection based on the macro-movement of the body of an object, however, does not differentiate the direct path from indirect paths, which may be used to detect the position and velocity of an object of interest as well as the environment in which the object of interest is located.
[0088] Objects such as UAVs birds, pedestrians, and vehicles may have a micro-Doppler signature (e.g., due to the rotation of rotors, flapping of wings, swinging of arms, or spinning of wheels) that may be detected in the micro-Doppler spectrum. Based on the comparison of the signal strength of the micro-Doppler object signature for an object of interest received in each path and / or the time of arrival of a reference signal via each path in which the micro-Doppler object signature of an object of interest is detected, a processing device may identify which path is the direct link and which paths are indirect links. Based on micro-Doppler processing, information about the objects which scattered the reference signal along the indirect paths can be detected (e.g., object type, position, and / or velocity) , and the environment in in which the object of interest is located may be detected. For example, a transmitting device such as a network entity 105 may indicate scheduling information for a reference signal and may indicate object identification information, such as UAV type or number of rotors, to a measuring device. The measuring device may detect the micro-Doppler object signature of the object of interest in multiple paths in which the reference signal is received. Based on the measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature in the multiple paths, a processing device (e.g., the measuring device, the transmitting device, or a third device) may identify the direct and indirect paths. Based on the identification of the direct (and indirect paths) the location, velocity, and / or aspects of the environment of the object of interest may be identified.
[0089] FIG. 2 shows an example of a sensing system 200 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The sensing system 200 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the network node 210 may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein.
[0090] In practical sensing systems, such as the sensing system 200, there may be a direct link and one or more indirect links between the sensing device (e.g., the network node 210) and the object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215) . In a sensing system, the direct link may be used to identify the position of the object of interest with respect to the sensing device. Indirect links may be reflected by one or more scattering objects 220. In a sensing system, purely reflected paths may be excluded by Doppler processing for a moving object of interest. Indirect links that are reflected off of a moving object of interest, however, may not be distinguished from the direct link by Doppler processing based on the movement of the body of the object of interest.
[0091] For example, in a first example scenario 205 of the sensing system 200, the network node 210 may transmit a reference signal 225 which may reach the UAV 215 via a direct link. The reference signal 225 may be reflected by the UAV 215, and the reflected reference signal 230 may return to the network node 210 via an indirect link (e.g., scattered by one or more scattering objects 220) . If the network node 210 performs position sensing of the UAV 215 based on the transmission and reception of the reference signal in the first example scenario 205, because the reflected reference signal 230 returns to the network node 210 via an indirect link, the network node 210 may identify a wrong angle and a longer than actual range between the UAV 215 and the network node 210.
[0092] In a second example scenario 235 of the sensing system 200, the network node 210 may transmit a reference signal 225 which may reach the UAV 215 via an indirect link. The reference signal 225 may be reflected by the UAV 215, and the reflected reference signal 230 may return to the network node 210 via a direct link. If the network node 210 performs position sensing of the UAV 215 based on the transmission and reception of the reference signal in the second example scenario 235, because the reflected reference signal 230 returns to the network node 210 via an indirect link, the network node 210 may identify the correct angle and a longer than actual range between the UAV 215 and the network node 210.
[0093] In a third example scenario 240 of the sensing system 200, the network node 210 may transmit a reference signal 225 which may reach the UAV 215 via an indirect link. The reference signal 225 may be reflected by the UAV 215, and the reflected reference signal 230 may return to the network node 210 via an indirect link. If the network node 210 performs position sensing of the UAV 215 based on the transmission and reception of the reference signal in the third example scenario, because the reflected reference signal 230 returns to the network node 210 via an indirect link, the network node 210 may identify the wrong angle and a longer than actual range between the UAV 215 and the network node 210. As the reference signal and the reflected reference signal are both received via indirect links, the error in the range may be double the error as compared to the first example scenario 205 and the second example scenario 235.
[0094] FIG. 3 shows an example of a micro-Doppler processing diagram 300 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The micro-Doppler processing diagram 300 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the sensing system 200. For example, a sensing device such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105 may perform micro-Doppler processing as shown in the micro-Doppler processing diagram 300.
[0095] To detect the Doppler shift caused by a moving object, samples of a time sequence 310 may be taken within multiple sliding or overlapping time windows 315 (e.g., a first time window 315-a, a second time window 315-b, and a third time window 315-c as shown in the micro-Doppler processing diagram 300) . A fast Fourier transform (FFT) may be performed on the samples within each time window 315 to generate FFT sequences 320 for the time windows 315 (e.g., a first FFT sequence 320-a for the first time window 315-a, a second FFT sequence 320-b for the second time window 315-b, and a third FFT sequence 320-c for the third time window 315-c) . Frequency shifts caused by movement of the object may be shown in the FFT sequences 320.
[0096] Some objects, such as UAVs, people, birds, and vehicle. may have micro movements in addition to macro movement (e.g., moving parts relative to the movement of the entire object) . Examples of micro movements may include the rotation of a UAV’s rotors, the flapping of a bird’s wings, the swaying of a pedestrian’s arms, or the rotation of a vehicle’s wheels. Such micro movements may be detected as micro-Doppler features. Conventional Doppler shift may show the velocity of an object’s body (e.g., caused by the macro movement of the object) , but may not show the micro movements. Characteristic micro movements of an object may be used to identify an object.
[0097] FIG. 4 shows an example of a velocity projection diagram 400 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The velocity projection diagram 400 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the sensing system 200. For example, the velocity projection diagram 400 may include a UAV 215-a, which may be an example of a UAV 215 as described herein. The velocity projection diagram 400 may include a network node 210-a, which may be an example of a network node 210 as described herein.
[0098] In some examples, a rotor (e.g., a propeller) of the UAV 215-a may have two blades 415, a first blade 415-a and a second blade 415-b. The micro-Doppler shift of each blade 415, for example the second blade 415-b, is caused by the radial velocity Vr, where Vr is a projection of the actual velocity Vt of the second blade 415-b (e.g., ) . As the second blade 415-b moves in a circular motion, the rotation of the second blade 415-b may project a pattern of sine or cosine wave with a phase shift on the micro-Doppler spectrum. The phase shift of sine / cosine wave of the second blade 415-b in the micro-Doppler spectrum is determined by the initial angle of the second blade 415-b. Moreover, a UAV 215-a with 2-blade rotors may be identified in the micro-Doppler spectrum based on two sine / cosine waves phase shifted by 180 degrees. Similarly, a UAV 215 with 4-blade rotors that are physically each 90 degrees apart may be identified in the micro-Doppler domain based on four sine / cosine waves phase shifted by 90 degrees.
[0099] Accordingly, a UAV 215-a with 4 rotors having the uniform blade angle differences may be identified in the micro-Doppler spectrum based on uniform phase differences of sine / cosine waves corresponding to different blades. Some UAVs 215 may have 4 rotors with angles that are random with respect to each other, and such UAVs may have phase distributions that are less uniform than UAVs with rotors at fixed respective angles. Thus, the micro-Doppler object signatures for different UAVs 215 may refer to the phase differences between micro-Doppler patterns of rotors for different UAVs 215 which are caused by the blade angle differences between the rotors. The phase differences between micro-Doppler patterns of rotors for a single UAV 215 does not change between direct and indirect links, and accordingly, the object signature of a UAV 215 may be used to determine whether a link via which a reference signal was received was reflected off of the object of interest and whether the link is a direct or indirect link.
[0100] For example, a measuring device such as the network node 210-a may convert the received sensing signal to the delay domain. The measuring device may then use the signal profile of each delay path via which to the sensing signal was received to compute the micro-Doppler spectrum. The object signature may be detected with a higher power than in the direct link in the micro-Doppler spectrum as compared to the indirect link (s) , and therefore the measuring device may detect the direct and indirect paths based on the detecting the presence and power of the object signature in the micro-Doppler domain.
[0101] FIG. 5 shows an example of a wireless communications system 500 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 500 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the sensing system 200, or the velocity projection diagram 400. For example, the wireless communications system 500 may include a UAV 215-b, which may be an example of a UAV 215 as described herein. The wireless communications system 500 may include a network node 210-b and a network node 210-c, which may be an example of a network node 210 as described herein. The wireless communications system 500 may include one or more scattering objects 220-a, which may be an example of one or more scattering objects 220 as described herein.
[0102] The network node 210-b and the network node 210-c may communicate using a communication link 505. In some examples, the communication link 505 may be an example of an NR or LTE link between network node 210-b and the network node 210-c. For example, the network node 210-b may be a network entity 105 as described herein and the network node 210-c may be a UE 115 as described herein, or the network node 210-b may be a UE 115 as described herein and the network node 210-c may be a network entity 105 as described herein. The communication link 505 may include a bi-directional link that enables both uplink and downlink communications. For example, the network node 210-b and the network node 210-c may exchange uplink signals, such as uplink control signals or uplink data signals, and downlink signals, such as downlink control signals or downlink data signals, using the communication link 505.
[0103] The network node 210-b and the network node 210-c may perform object sensing, for example, to determine the position and / or velocity of the UAV 215-b. The network node 210-b may be a controlling network node, and the network node 210-c may be a measuring network node. For example, the network node 210-b may transmit a reference signal 515 which is reflected by the UAV 215-b. The reference signal 515 reflected by the UAV 215-b may be received by the network node 210-c via a direct link 520 and one or more indirect links 525 (e.g., where the reference signal 515 is scattered by one or more scattering objects 220-a for the indirect links) . As described herein, the direct link 520 may be used for object position and / or velocity sensing. Indirect links 525 may cause interfering paths in range and angle detections, and in control systems (e.g., air traffic control systems) , indirect links may lead to false alarms (e.g., due to inaccurate location and / or velocity sensing) . As described with reference to FIG. 4, for the same object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215-b) , the micro-Doppler patterns in the direct link 520 and the indirect link (s) 525 may be similar or identical, as the reference signal received via the direct link 520 and the indirect link (s) 525 are both reflected off of the same UAV 215-b.
[0104] Thus, paths belonging to different objects (e.g., the UAV 215-b versus other objects such as other UAVs) and the reflected direct link 520 and indirect links may be recognized by identification of the micro-Doppler pattern per path. Paths belonging to the same object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215-b) may be classified based on detection of the micro-Doppler object signature for that object of interest in those paths. The direct link and indirect link (s) within that set of paths associated with a same object may be identified. For example, the shortest path may be the direct link (or an indirect link if the direct link is blocked) , and the other paths may be indirect links. The sensing network node (e.g., the network node 210-c) may extract and report the micro-Doppler object signature of the object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215-b) per path and may report the micro-Doppler object signature of the object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215-b) per path. The report of the micro-Doppler object signature of the object of interest may be based on a reporting configuration indicated by the controlling network node (e.g., the network node 210-b) . Measurements of indirect links may be used to reconstruct the environment that includes the object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215-b) .
[0105] The network node 210-b may transmit, to the network node 210-c, control signaling 510 that indicates object identification information for the object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215-b) . For example, object identification may include assistance information that enables the network node 210-c to extract the object signature of the object of interest from the micro-Doppler spectrum for the multiple paths. For example, for the UAV 215-b, the object identification information may include a UAV type, size, quantity of rotors, or maximum velocity. For example, if the object identification information indicates the quantity of rotors, based on the quantity of rotors, the network node 210-c may identify the quantity of micro-Doppler curves of the UAV 215-b and may locate each rotor in the micro-Doppler spectrum. In some examples, the object identification information may include prior-probability estimations regarding the quantity and types of objects within a region being tracked. The control signaling 510 may include scheduling information for the reference signal 515.
[0106] The network node 210-b may transmit the reference signal 515 in accordance with the scheduling information, and the network node 210-c may monitor for the reference signal 515 in accordance with the scheduling information. The network node 210-c may receive the reference signal that is reflected off of the UAV 215-b via the direct link 520 between the UAV 215-b and the network node 210-c and via one or more indirect links 525. The network node 210-c may measure the micro-Doppler object signature of the UAV 215-b in the multiple paths. The network node 210-c may transmit a report 530 based on the measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature of the UAV 215-b to the network node 210-b. For example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 the micro-Doppler object signature per detected path. As another example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 the correlation of the micro-Doppler object signature detected between every two paths in which the micro-Doppler object signature is detected. In some examples, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 associated measurements per path.
[0107] A processing network node, which may be the network node 210-b, the network node 210-c, or another network node may cluster or classify the object signatures detected in the multiple paths, where paths in the same cluster or class are considered as belonging to the same object. The processing network node may identify the shortest path of the paths in the same cluster or class as being the direct link (or an indirect link if the direct link is blocked) , and the other paths may be identified as indirect links. If the processing network node is the network node 210-c, the network node 210-c may indicate the path clustering or classification results (e.g., including the identification of the direct link) in the report 530. In some examples, the network node 210-c may indicate scatter measurements of the indirect links for environment reconstruction.
[0108] The control signaling 510 may indicate a configuration for measuring the micro-Doppler object signatures and / or a reporting configuration for the report. For example, the control signaling 510 may indicate a maximum quantity of reported paths per object. In some examples, the control signaling 510 may indicate a minimum threshold of signal strength of a path (e.g., a minimum reference signal received power (RSRP) , a minimum reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , a minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) , or a minimum signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) ) , where the signal strength may refer to the power in the micro-Doppler spectrum. In some examples, the control signaling 510 may indicate a maximum delay or micro-Doppler shift of a path (e.g., to filter out highly scattered paths) . In some examples, the control signaling 510 may indicate the parameter type (s) to include in the report 530. For example, the control signaling 510 may indicate whether to report micro-Doppler object signatures, the correlation between micro-Doppler object signatures between every two detected paths, the path clustering or classification results, and / or the identified direct and indirect paths. In some examples, the control signaling 510 may indicate to include a confidence value for the reported parameter (s) .
[0109] In some examples, the parameters for identifying error probabilities in classification and / or identifying error types may be identified by the network node 210-b. The parameters for identifying error probabilities in classification and / or identifying error types may be indicated to the processing network node, which may be the network node 210-b, the network node 210-c (e.g., in which case the parameters may be indicated in the control signaling 510) , or another network node. For example, a first type of error may occur when two multipaths both bounce off the same UAV and are assigned by the network node 210-c to two separate UAVs. As another example, a second type of error may occur when two paths from two different UAVs are classified as two multipaths of the same UAV. The probability of the first type of error (e.g., around 5%) may be smaller than the probability of the second type of error (e.g., around 10%) .
[0110] In some examples, the report 530 may indicate the micro-Doppler object signature per path. In a first example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 the micro-Doppler object signature computed from the micro-Doppler of each detected path. In the first example, the network node 210-c may obtain the micro-Doppler spectrum of each path by extracting the signal profile of each detected delay path based on the OFDM waveform and calculating the micro-Doppler spectrum. The network node 210-c may compute and report different levels of the micro-Doppler object signature depending on the received signal strength (e.g., based on RSRP, RSRQ, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , SNR, or SINR) . For example, for sensing the UAV 215-b, the micro-Doppler object signature of the UAV may be the UAV rotor phase pattern. If the signal strength is higher than a pre-configured threshold, the network node 210-c may compute the phases of each rotor’s curve in the micro-Doppler spectrum. If the curves of each rotor in the micro-Doppler spectrum cannot be distinguished by the network node 210-c, the network node 210-c may extract a feature of the rotor phase patter of the UAV 215-b based on a defined algorithm (e.g., eigenvectors or eigenvalues) .
[0111] In a second example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 the correlation between micro-Doppler object signatures of every two paths. For example, the network node 210-c may report a matrix or table of correlation coefficients for every two paths. In some examples, the correlation coefficients may be calculated by a configured method.
[0112] In a third example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 the clustering or classification result of each path (e.g., first path associated with first object (UAV 215-b) , second path associated with second object, third path associated with the first object) .
[0113] In a fourth example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 whether each path is a direct or indirect link (e.g., a first path is the direct link 520, a second path is an indirect link 525, a third path is another indirect link 525) .
[0114] In a fifth example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 an ordering of bounces per path. For example, the paths which include bounces caused by the same scattering object 220-a may be detected by comparing the signal strengths and delays of the paths. If the network node 210-c does not detect paths with low order bounces for an object of interest (e.g., the UAV 215-a) , more sensing network nodes may be configured by the controlling network node (e.g., the network node 210-b) to obtain paths with low order bounces (e.g., to avoid multipath) .
[0115] In a sixth example, the network node 210-c may indicate in the report 530 indirect link information, for example, including an identification, range, angle, velocity, and / or position of the scattering object 220-a for each indirect link (and / or for each bounce on each indirect link) . The indirect link information may be used for environment reconstruction. The network node 210-b may indicate assistance information in the control signaling 510 for identifying the scattering object 220-a or the indirect link information. For example, the reference signal 515 may reflect off of a building wall (e.g., the path of the reference signal 515 may be the network node 210-b → a building wall → the UAV 215-b → the network node 210-c) , and the building wall may be located by the intersection of multiple ellipses (the bistatic sum range) measured by multiple measuring network nodes (e.g., including the network node 210-c) . As another example, the reference signal 515 may reflect off of reflective intelligent surface (RIS) (e.g., the path of the reference signal 515 may be the network node 210-b → the UAV 215-b → a RIS → the network node 210-c) , and the RIS position may be known to the network node 210-b, which may assist the network node 210-b in locating the UAV 215-b.
[0116] In some examples, the network node 210-c may indicate a confidence level per path for the parameters or measurements indicated in the report 530 (e.g., a confidence level per path may be included for the second through sixth examples described herein) . For example, the report 530 may indicate that the first path is associated with the UAV 215-b with a 90 %likelihood and that the second path is associated with the UAV 215-b with a 70%likelihood. As another example, the report 530 may indicate that a first path is the direct link 520 with a 90%likelihood and that a second path is an indirect link 525 with a 70%likelihood. As another example, the report 530 may indicate that a first bounce is associated with the scattering object 220-a with a 90%likelihood and that a second bounce is associated with the scattering object 220-a with a 70%likelihood.
[0117] In a seventh example, the report 530 may be associated with the measured micro-Doppler pattern, distance, velocity, and / or angle of arrival (AoA) of each path. The AoA associated with the micro-Doppler pattern may be used to recover the actual Doppler shift values of objects, because as described with reference to FIG. 4, the micro-Doppler of a UAV 215-b is caused by the radial velocity of a rotor, which is a projection of the actual velocity on the straight line between the object and the measuring device (e.g., the network node 210-c) . In some examples, the reported micro-Doppler patterns and / or Doppler velocity may be scaled with the AoA. Whether the reported micro-Doppler patterns and / or Doppler velocity values are scaled by the AoA may be indicated by a flag symbol in the report 530.
[0118] As described herein, in some examples the controlling network node (e.g., the network node 210-b) may be a network entity 105 and the measuring network node (e.g., the network node 210-c) may be a UE 115. In such examples, the control signaling 510 may be transmitted via a layer 1 downlink control information (DCI) , a layer 2 MAC control element (MAC-CE) , or layer 3 RRC. In such examples, the report 530 may be transmitted via layer 1 uplink control information (UCI) , layer 1 uplink data (e.g., a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , a layer 2 MAC-CE, or layer 3 RRC.
[0119] In some examples, the controlling network node (e.g., the network node 210-b) may be a core network function, and the control signaling 510 may be indicated to the measuring network node (e.g., the network node 210-c which may be a UE 115 or a network entity 105) via NAS or next generation application protocol (NGAP) signaling. In such examples, the report 530 may be transmitted from the network node 210-c to the core network function via NAS or NGAP signaling.
[0120] In some examples, if the measuring device (the network node 210-c) is a UE 115 and the controlling network node (e.g., the network node 210-b) is a server such as a location or sensing server (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or session management function (SMF) of the core network 130 of FIG. 1) , the control signaling 510 may be conveyed via layer 3 signaling (e.g., RRC) . In such examples, the control signaling 510 may be conveyed via RRC information elements carried in the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) directly between the UE 115 and the LMF (apositioning sensor) or in a dedicated sensing protocol directly between the UE 115 and the SMF. Similarly, the report 530 may be transmitted from the UE 115 to a LMF directly via the RRC information elements carried in the LPP protocol or the report 530 may be transmitted from the UE 115 to a SMF directly via a dedicated sensing protocol.
[0121] In some examples, if the measuring network node (e.g., the network node 210-c) is a network entity 105, the control signaling 510 may be indicated via the NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) directly between the network entity 105 and the LMF or in a dedicated sensing protocol directly between the network entity 105 and the SMF. Similarly, the report 530 may be transmitted from the network entity 105 to a LMF directly via the NRPPA protocol or the report 530 may be transmitted from the network entity 105 to a SMF directly via a dedicated sensing protocol.
[0122] In some examples, both the controlling network node (e.g., the network node 210-b) and the measuring network node (e.g., the network node 210-c) may be UEs 115. In such examples, the control signaling 510 may be communicated via sidelink using a PC5 interface, for example, via sidelink layer 1 sidelink control information (SCI) (e.g., SCI conveyed via a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) ) , layer 1 sidelink data (e.g., physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a layer 2 sidelink MAC-CE, or layer 3 sidelink RRC. Similarly, the report 530 may be transmitted via layer 1 sidelink SCI, layer 1 sidelink data, a layer 2 sidelink MAC-CE, or layer 3 sidelink RRC.
[0123] In some examples, the controlling network node (e.g., the network node 210-b) may be a UE 115 and the measuring network node (e.g., the network node 210-c) may be a network entity 105. In such examples, the control signaling 510 may be transmitted via a layer 1 UCI, a layer 2 MAC-CE, or layer 3 RRC. In such examples, the report 530 may be transmitted via layer 1 DCI, a layer 2 MAC-CE, or layer 3 RRC.
[0124] In some examples, a two part reporting configuration may be used. In a two part reporting configuration, the control signaling 510 may schedule the reference signal 515 and indicate a UAV sensing request with direct or indirect link recognition. The network node 210-b may transmit the reference signal 515 which may be received by the network node 210-c. The network node 210-c may transmit the report 530 indicating a quantity of detected paths based on the reference signal. The network node 210-b may allocate resources for a second report 540, and may transmit second control signaling 535 to the network node 210-c indicating the allocated resources for the second report 540 and scheduling a second reference signal 545. Based on the second reference signal 545, the network node 210-c may compute micro-Doppler object signatures from the micro-Doppler spectrum per path, and may transmit the second report 540 indicating the micro-Doppler object signatures from the micro-Doppler spectrum per path. For example, the second report 540 may include the reported parameters from the first through seventh examples described herein. In some examples, the network node 210-b may determine, based on the second report 540, which paths belong to the same object by clustering or classification based on the reported micro-Doppler object signatures. For any same object, the shortest path may be the direct link (or an indirect link if the direct link is blocked) and the other paths may be indirect links. When the shortest path is an indirect link, the direct link may be blocked and the measured position of the UAV 215-b may be inaccurate, but not a false alarm. In some examples, the report 530 may be transmitted via a PUCCH and the second report 540 may be transmitted via a PUSCH. For example, a two part reporting configuration may be used where the first uplink resource for a UE (e.g., the measuring network node) for a first report is insufficient to report all computed micro-Doppler signatures, such that the UE may use the first report (e.g., the report 530) to indicate the quantity of paths and then the network may assign a second resource (e.g., for the second report 540) to report more information, as described herein.
[0125] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may include a network node 210-d and a network node 210-e, which may be examples of a network node 210 as described herein. The process flow 600 may include a UAV 215-c, which may be an example of a UAV 215 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations between the network node 210-d, the network node 210-e, and the UAV 215-c may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the network node 210-d, the network node 210-e, and the UAV 215-c may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, and other operations may be added to the process flow 600.
[0126] At 605, the network node 210-d may transmit, to the network node 210-e, control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. For example, the object identification information may include an indication of an object type (e.g., a class or type of the UAV 215-c) , an object size (e.g., a size of the UAV 215-c) , a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object (e.g., 2 rotors or 4 rotors) , an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature (e.g., an estimated micro-Doppler object signature of the UAV 215-c) , or a combination thereof.
[0127] At 610, the network node 210-d may transmit the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. The reference signal may reflect off of the UAV 215-c. The network node 210-e may receive the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. The network node 210-e may detect a micro-Doppler object signature of the object (e.g., of the UAV 215-c) in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, and detection of the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. For example, if the UAV 215-c is a 2-blade rotor UAV, the network node 210-e may identify two sine or cosine waves shifted by 180 degrees in the micro-Doppler spectrum that correspond to the micro movements of the two blades. As another example, if the UAV 215-c is a 4-blade rotor UAV, the network node 210-e may identify four sine or cosine waves in the micro-Doppler spectrum that correspond to the micro movements of the four blades.
[0128] At 615, the network node 210-e may transmit, to the network node 210-d, a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0129] In some examples, the report may indicate a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths. In some examples, the report may indicate a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths. In some examples, the report may indicate that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object (e.g., the UAV 215-c) was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object (e.g., another UAV) was detected in a second set of paths.
[0130] In some examples, the report may indicate that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path. In some examples, the network node 210-e may identify a respective time at which the reference signal was received via each path of the set of paths, and the network node 210-e may determine that the first path is the direct path and the second path is the indirect path based on the respective time at which the reference signal was received via the first path and the second path.
[0131] In some examples, the report may indicate a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths. In some examples, the report may indicate, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths. In some examples, the report may indicate one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-Doppler pattern, or AoA for each path of the set of paths.
[0132] In some examples, the control signaling at 605 may indicate a reporting configuration for the reference signal. The reporting configuration may include a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof. The network node 210-e may transmit the report in accordance with the reporting configuration.
[0133] In some examples, where the report includes an indication of the set of paths, the network node 210-d may transmit, and the network node 210-e may receive, second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal. In such examples, the network node 210-d may transmit, and the network node 210-e may receive, the second reference signal in accordance with the second scheduling information. The network node 210-e may compute, based on reception of the second reference signal via the set of paths, a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths. The network node 210-e may transmit, and the network node 210-d may receive, a second report indicating the respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.
[0134] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, and the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0135] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0136] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0137] The communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0138] In some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0139] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0140] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0141] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0142] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0143] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0144] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one of more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, and the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0145] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0146] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0147] The device 805, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a reference signal scheduling manager 825, a reference signal reception manager 830, a path report manager 835, a reference signal transmission manager 840, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0148] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signal scheduling manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The reference signal reception manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. The path report manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0149] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signal scheduling manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The reference signal transmission manager 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. The path report manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0150] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a communications manager 920 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720, a communications manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a reference signal scheduling manager 925, a reference signal reception manager 930, a path report manager 935, a reference signal transmission manager 940, a per path report manager 945, a measurement correlation manager 950, a direct / indirect path report manager 955, a scattering event report manager 960, a reporting configuration manager 965, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) which may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0151] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signal scheduling manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The reference signal reception manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. The path report manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0152] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the per path report manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.
[0153] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the measurement correlation manager 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.
[0154] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the path report manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.
[0155] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the direct / indirect path report manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path.
[0156] In some examples, the reference signal reception manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying a respective time at which the reference signal was received via each path of the set of paths. In some examples, the direct / indirect path report manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining that the first path is the direct path and the second path is the indirect path based on the respective time at which the reference signal was received via the first path and the second path.
[0157] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the scattering event report manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.
[0158] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the scattering event report manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.
[0159] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the per path report manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-Doppler pattern, or AoA for each path of the set of paths.
[0160] In some examples, the reporting configuration manager 965 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, where the reporting configuration includes a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and where the report is transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.
[0161] In some examples, the object identification information includes an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.
[0162] In some examples, the reference signal scheduling manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, where transmitting the report includes transmitting the report indicating the set of paths. In some examples, the reference signal reception manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the second reference signal includes computing a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths. In some examples, the per path report manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a second report indicating the respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.
[0163] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the reference signal scheduling manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The reference signal transmission manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. In some examples, the path report manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0164] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the per path report manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.
[0165] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the measurement correlation manager 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.
[0166] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the path report manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.
[0167] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the direct / indirect path report manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path.
[0168] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the scattering event report manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.
[0169] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the scattering event report manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.
[0170] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the per path report manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-Doppler pattern, or AoA for each path of the set of paths.
[0171] In some examples, the reporting configuration manager 965 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, where the reporting configuration includes a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and where the report is transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.
[0172] In some examples, the object identification information includes an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.
[0173] In some examples, the reference signal scheduling manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, where receiving the report includes receiving the report indicating the set of paths. In some examples, the reference signal transmission manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. In some examples, the per path report manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second report indicating a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.
[0174] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045) .
[0175] The I / O controller 1010 may manage input and output signals for the device 1005. The I / O controller 1010 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1005. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.
[0176] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1025, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0177] The at least one memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1040 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1030 may contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0178] The at least one processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1040. The at least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1040, the at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0179] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0180] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0181] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0182] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1015, the one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1040, the at least one memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing as described herein, or the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0183] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1105 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1120, a transceiver 1110, an antenna 1115, at least one memory 1125, code 1130, and at least one processor 1135. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1140) .
[0184] The transceiver 1110 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1105 may include one or more antennas 1115, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1110 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1115, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1115, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1115 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1115 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110, or the transceiver 1110 and the one or more antennas 1115, or the transceiver 1110 and the one or more antennas 1115 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1135, the at least one memory 1125, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1105. In some examples, the transceiver 1110 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0185] The at least one memory 1125 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1125 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1130 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1135, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1130 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1130 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1135 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1125 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1135 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1125 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0186] The at least one processor 1135 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1135 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1135. The at least one processor 1135 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1125) to cause the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing) . For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include at least one processor 1135 and at least one memory 1125 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1135, the at least one processor 1135 and the at least one memory 1125 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1135 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1130) to perform the functions of the device 1105. The at least one processor 1135 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1105 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1125) . In some implementations, the at least one processor 1135 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the device 1105) . For example, a processing system of the device 1105 may refer to a system including the various other components or subcomponents of the device 1105, such as the at least one processor 1135, or the transceiver 1110, or the communications manager 1120, or other components or combinations of components of the device 1105. The processing system of the device 1105 may interface with other components of the device 1105, and may process information received from other components (such as inputs or signals) or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of the device 1105 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces to output information, or to obtain information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information, or a same interface configured to output information and to obtain information, among other implementations. In some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the device 1105 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the device 1105 may obtain information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that a first interface also may obtain information or signal inputs, and a second interface also may output information or signal outputs.
[0187] In some examples, a bus 1140 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1140 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1105, or between different components of the device 1105 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1105 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1120, the transceiver 1110, the at least one memory 1125, the code 1130, and the at least one processor 1135 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0188] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1120 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0189] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0190] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information.
[0191] By including or configuring the communications manager 1120 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1105 may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0192] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1110, the one or more antennas 1115 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1120 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1110, one or more of the at least one processor 1135, one or more of the at least one memory 1125, the code 1130, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1135, the at least one memory 1125, the code 1130, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1130 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1135 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing as described herein, or the at least one processor 1135 and the at least one memory 1125 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0193] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0194] At 1205, the method may include receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The operations of block 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a reference signal scheduling manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0195] At 1210, the method may include receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, where receiving the reference signal includes detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, where detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. The operations of block 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a reference signal reception manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0196] At 1215, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths. The operations of block 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a path report manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0197] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports link recognition by micro-Doppler sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0198] At 1305, the method may include transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal. The operations of block 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a reference signal scheduling manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0199] At 1310, the method may include transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information. The operations of block 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a reference signal transmission manager 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0200] At 1315, the method may include receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, where a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and where the micro-Doppler object signature is based on the object identification information. The operations of block 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a path report manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0201] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0202] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a first network node, comprising: receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal; receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, wherein receiving the reference signal comprises detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, wherein detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based at least in part on the object identification information; and transmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.
[0203] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.
[0204] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.
[0205] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.
[0206] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path.
[0207] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, further comprising: identifying a respective time at which the reference signal was received via each path of the set of paths; and determining that the first path is the direct path and the second path is the indirect path based on the respective time at which the reference signal was received via the first path and the second path.
[0208] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.
[0209] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.
[0210] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-Doppler pattern, or angle of arrival for each path of the set of paths.
[0211] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: receiving, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, wherein the reporting configuration comprises a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and wherein the report is transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.
[0212] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, wherein the object information comprises an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.
[0213] Aspect 12: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: receiving second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, wherein transmitting the report comprises transmitting the report indicating the set of paths; receiving the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, wherein receiving the second reference signal comprises computing a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths; and transmitting a second report indicating the respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.
[0214] Aspect 13: A method for wireless communications, comprising: transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal; transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information; and receiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, wherein a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and wherein the micro-Doppler object signature is based at least in part on the object identification information.
[0215] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.
[0216] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 13 through 14, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.
[0217] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 13 through 15, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.
[0218] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 13 through 16, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path.
[0219] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 13 through 17, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.
[0220] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 13 through 18, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.
[0221] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 13 through 19, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-doppler pattern, or angle of arrival for each path of the set of paths.
[0222] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 13 through 20, further comprising: transmitting, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, wherein the reporting configuration comprises a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and wherein the report is transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.
[0223] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 13 through 21, wherein the object identification information comprises an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.
[0224] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 13, further comprising: transmitting second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, wherein receiving the report comprises receiving the report indicating the set of paths; transmitting the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information; and receiving a second report indicating a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.
[0225] Aspect 24: A first network node for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0226] Aspect 25: A first network node for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0227] Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0228] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 13 through 23.
[0229] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 13 through 23.
[0230] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 13 through 23.
[0231] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0232] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0233] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0234] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0235] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0236] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0237] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0238] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0239] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0240] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0241] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0242] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network node, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:receive control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal;receive the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, wherein receiving the reference signal comprises detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, wherein detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based at least in part on the object identification information; andtransmit a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.2.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:transmit the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.3.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:transmit the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.4.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:transmit the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.5.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:transmit the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path.6.The first network node of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:identify a respective time at which the reference signal was received via each path of the set of paths; anddetermine that the first path is the direct path and the second path is the indirect path based on the respective time at which the reference signal was received via the first path and the second path.7.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:transmit the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.8.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:transmit the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.9.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:transmit the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-Doppler pattern, or angle of arrival for each path of the set of paths.10.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:receive, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, wherein the reporting configuration comprises a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and wherein the report is transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.11.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the object identification information comprises an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.12.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:receive second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, wherein transmitting the report comprises transmitting the report indicating the set of paths;receive the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, wherein receiving the second reference signal comprises computing a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths; andtransmit a second report indicating the respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.13.An apparatus, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:transmit control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal;transmit the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information; andreceive a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, wherein a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and wherein the micro-Doppler object signature is based at least in part on the object identification information.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.15.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.16.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.17.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path.18.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive the report indicating a respective quantity of scattering events associated with each path of the set of paths.19.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive the report indicating, for one or more indirect paths of the set of paths, scattering object information associated with a scattering event for the one or more indirect paths of the set of paths.20.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive the report indicating one or more of a position, velocity, measured micro-Doppler pattern, or angle of arrival for each path of the set of paths.21.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:transmit, with the control signaling, a reporting configuration for the reference signal, wherein the reporting configuration comprises a quantity of paths to report, a threshold signal strength for identification of the micro-Doppler object signature within a path, a delay threshold, an error threshold, a report type, or a combination thereof, and wherein the report is transmitted in accordance with the reporting configuration.22.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the object identification information comprises an object type, an object size, a velocity, a quantity of rotors of the object, an estimation of the micro-Doppler object signature, or a combination thereof.23.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:transmit second control signaling that indicates second scheduling information for a second reference signal, wherein receiving the report comprises receiving the report indicating the set of paths;transmit the second reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information; andreceive a second report indicating a respective micro-Doppler object signature measurement of the object in each path of the set of paths.24.A method for wireless communications at a first network node, comprising:receiving control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal;receiving the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information, wherein receiving the reference signal comprises detecting a micro-Doppler object signature of the object in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via a set of paths, wherein detecting the micro-Doppler object signature is based at least in part on the object identification information; andtransmitting a report that indicates one or more paths of the set of paths.25.The method of claim 24, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting the report indicating a respective measurement of the micro-Doppler object signature in each path of the set of paths.26.The method of claim 24, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting the report indicating a respective correlation between measurements of the micro-Doppler object signature for each two path combination of the set of paths.27.The method of claim 24, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting the report indicating that the micro-Doppler object signature of the object was detected in the set of paths and that a second micro-Doppler object signature of a second object was detected in a second set of paths.28.The method of claim 24, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting the report indicating that a first path of the set of paths is a direct path and a second path of the set of paths is an indirect path.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:identifying a respective time at which the reference signal was received via each path of the set of paths; anddetermining that the first path is the direct path and the second path is the indirect path based on the respective time at which the reference signal was received via the first path and the second path.30.A method for wireless communications, comprising:transmitting control signaling that indicates object identification information associated with an object and scheduling information for a reference signal;transmitting the reference signal in accordance with the scheduling information; andreceiving a report that indicates one or more paths of a set of paths, wherein a micro-Doppler object signature of the object is detected in one or more component signals associated with the reference signal received via the set of paths, and wherein the micro-Doppler object signature is based at least in part on the object identification information.
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