Physical interface structure design for ambient internet of things device
Customized PHY structures in Ambient IoT environments enable efficient data transmission by allowing devices to identify target destinations, reducing unnecessary computation and optimizing resource allocation, thereby enhancing system performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086245
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems in Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environments face inefficiencies in data transmission and resource utilization due to the lack of optimized physical interface structures, leading to unnecessary computation and resource allocation in devices that are not the intended target.
The implementation of customized physical interface (PHY) structures in Ambient IoT environments, including preamble, control, and data fields, allows devices to efficiently decode and determine target destinations, thereby terminating unnecessary decoding processes and optimizing computational resources.
This approach enhances data communication efficiency by reducing computational resources used in non-target devices, optimizing resource allocation, and improving overall system performance in Ambient IoT environments.
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Figure CN2024086245_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PHYSICAL INTERFACE STRUCTURE DESIGN FOR AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICEBACKGROUNDTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The described aspects relate to wireless communications including various physical interface (PHY) structures for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) environments.
[0002] DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (such as with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard.SUMMARY
[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0006] An example aspect includes a method of wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising generating a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field. The method further includes transmitting a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.
[0007] Another example aspect includes an apparatus for wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to generate a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field. The one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to transmit a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.
[0008] Another example aspect includes an apparatus for wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising means for generating a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field. The apparatus further includes means for transmitting a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.
[0009] Another example aspect includes a computer-readable medium comprising stored instructions for wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, wherein the instructions are executable by one or more processors, individually or in combination, to generate a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field. The instructions are further executable to transmit a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.
[0010] An example aspect includes a method of wireless communications by an apparatus in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising receiving, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field. The method further includes decoding the preamble information in the preamble field. Additionally, the method further includes decoding at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0011] Another example aspect includes an apparatus for wireless communications by an apparatus in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to receive, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field. The one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to decode the preamble information in the preamble field. Additionally, the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to decode at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0012] Another example aspect includes an apparatus for wireless communications by an apparatus in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising means for receiving, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field. The apparatus further includes means for decoding the preamble information in the preamble field. Additionally, the apparatus further includes means for decoding at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0013] Another example aspect includes a computer-readable medium comprising stored instructions for wireless communications by an apparatus in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, wherein the instructions are executable by one or more processors, individually or in combination, to receive, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field. The instructions are further executable to decode the preamble information in the preamble field. Additionally, the instructions are further executable to decode at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0014] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, provided to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed aspects, wherein like designations denote like elements, wherein dashed lines may indicate optional elements, and in which:
[0016] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system including an access network including a transmitting device and a receiving device configured to communicate using various physical interface (PHY) structures for an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) environment.
[0017] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal.
[0018] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal.
[0019] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal.
[0020] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal.
[0021] FIG. 3 is a diagram of example components of a base station (BS) , a user equipment (UE) , and an Ambient IoT device operable in the wireless communication system of Fig. 1.
[0022] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture that may operate in the wireless communication system of Fig. 1.
[0023] Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) environment.
[0024] Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0025] Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0026] Fig. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0027] Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0028] Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0029] Fig. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0030] Fig. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0031] Fig. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure implementable within an A-IoT environment.
[0032] Fig. 14 is a block diagram of an example wireless communication device, such as an A-IoT device, having components configured to perform a method of wireless communications in an A-IoT environment.
[0033] Fig. 15 is a flowchart of an example of a method of wireless communications in an A-IoT environment.
[0034] Fig. 16 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 15.
[0035] Fig. 17 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 15.
[0036] Fig. 18 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 15.
[0037] Fig. 19 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 15.
[0038] Fig. 20 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 15.
[0039] Fig. 21 is a block diagram of an example of a wireless communication device, such as an A-IoT device, having components configured to perform a method of wireless communications in an A-IoT environment.
[0040] Fig. 22 is a flowchart of an example of a method of wireless communications by an apparatus in an A-IoT environment.
[0041] Fig. 23 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 22.
[0042] Fig. 24 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 22.
[0043] Fig. 25 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 22.
[0044] Fig. 26 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 22.
[0045] Fig. 27 is a flowchart of additional aspects of the method of Fig. 22.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0046] Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspect (s) may be practiced without these specific details.
[0047] The following description is directed to certain implementations for the purposes of describing the innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a multitude of different ways. Some of the examples in this disclosure are based on wireless and wired local area network (LAN) communication according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless standards, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standards, and the IEEE 1901 Powerline communication (PLC) standards. However, the described implementations may be implemented in any device, system or network that is capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to any of the wireless communication standards, including any of the IEEE 802.11 standards, the standard, code division multiple access (CDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) , Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) , Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) , Evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO) , 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) , Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , AMPS, or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless, cellular or internet of things (IoT) network, such as a system utilizing 3G, 4G or 5G, or further implementations thereof, technology.
[0048] An ambient IoT device may refer to a wireless device with relatively low power consumption. In some implementations, an ambient IoT device may be designed with a maximum coverage distance of 10-50 meters. An ambient IoT device may be intended to operate in a topology where a UE is an intermediate node under network control. The ambient IoT device may have no radio resource control (RRC) state, no cell mobility, and no hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) . For example, a first type of ambient IoT device may be characterized by an approximately 1 microwatt (μW) peak power consumption. Such an ambient IoT device may have energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X parts per million (ppm) , and neither downlink (DL) nor uplink (UL) amplification in the ambient IoT device. This first type (Type 1) of ambient IoT device may backscatter an UL transmission on a carrier wave provided externally. As another example, a second type (Type 2a or 2b) of ambient IoT device may be characterized by a peak power consumption of a few hundred μW, an initial SFO of 10X ppm, and one or both of DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The second type of ambient IoT device may generate an UL transmission either backscattered on an UL transmission on a carrier wave provided externally (Type 2a) , or generated internally (Type 2b) . The exact peak power consumption and SFO (e.g., the value of X) may be specified by standards.
[0049] In an Ambient IoT system (A-IoT) , a various information may be communicated between wireless devices, e.g., between an A-IoT device and a UE, between an A-IoT device and a base station, and / or between A-IoT devices, by generating and decoding physical interface (PHY) structures. A PHY structure in the A-IoT environment described herein may include both control information and data. Further, for example, the PHY structure may include various fields that may be populated to indicate certain specifications or data, including data type, data control, data rate, control field length, transport block size (TBS) of a data field, destination A-IoT device, power control, cast type, control field functionality, postamble field functionality, a transmission start indicated by a preamble, group ID, and source ID, among other application specific controls and specifications / data. The PHY structure may be formated and generated in a way that all other A-IoT devices within an A-IoT environment may be able to decode and utilize data embedded within the PHY structure.
[0050] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides various PHY structures for wirelessly communicating data in an A-IoT environment. For example, a PHY structure may include a preamble field including preamble information, a header field including header information, a control field including control information, a data field including data, and a postamble field including postamble information. In this case, in one alternative, the control information and the data are jointly encoded. In a different alternative, the control information and the data are separately encoded.
[0051] As another example, a PHY structure may include a preamble field including preamble information, a control field having a variable size including control information, a midamble field including midamble information, a data field including data, and a postamble field including postamble information. In this case, the control information and the data are separately encoded.
[0052] As another example, a PHY structure may include a preamble field including preamble information, a specified control field including specified control information, a header field including header information, a control field including control information and having a fixed length, a data field including data, and a postamble field including postamble information.
[0053] As a further example, a PHY structure may include a preamble field including preamble information, a specified control field (having a variable size) including specified control information, a midamble field including midamble information, a header field including header information, a control field including control information, a data field including data, and a postamble field including postamble information. In this case, the presence of the midamble information indicates a length of the specified control field (e.g., the midamble information indicates the end of the specified control field) .
[0054] As an additional example, a PHY structure may include a first preamble field including first preamble information, a control field (variable size) including specified control information, a first postamble field including first postamble information, a second preamble field including second preamble information, a data field including data, and a second postamble field including second postamble information. In this case, there is a gap between the control information and the data, which advantageously allows an A-IoT device to initially decode the control information and identify whether or not it is the target or destination device, and if not to avoid buffering the data.
[0055] In an aspect, the techniques and aspects disclosed herein may provide the following technical effects. The PHY structures disclosed herein allow for efficient control and communication of data in a wireless A-IoT environment. The various aspects may reduce the total computation resources utilized within a system of A-IoT devices by terminating decoding (including buffering of data) of a received PHY structure if an A-IoT device determines it is not an intended target destination of a PHY structure. For example, an A-IoT device may analyze or otherwise decode a control field within the PHY structure to determine whether the A-IoT is the intended destination of the PHY structure, and if not, may then terminate further decoding of the PHY structure (e.g., header field, midamble field, data field, postamble field, etc. ) to free up computational resources for other processes.
[0056] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0057] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. The processor may include an interface or be coupled to an interface that can obtain or output signals. The processor may obtain signals via the interface and output signals via the interface. In some implementations, the interface may be a printed circuit board (PCB) transmission line. In some other implementations, the interface may include a wireless transmitter, a wireless transceiver, or a combination thereof. For example, the interface may include a radio frequency (RF) transceiver which can be implemented to receive or transmit signals, or both. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0058] Accordingly, in one or more example implementations, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media, which may be referred to as non-transitory computer-readable media. Non-transitory computer-readable media may exclude transitory signals. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0059] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system 100 for implementing various PHY structures in an A-IoT environment. Any of the apparatuses described herein may be suitable for implementing one or more of the PHY structures described herein in an A-IoT environment. For example, various wireless communications devices, including A-IoT devices, UEs, base stations, and / or other devices mentioned herein may be configured to generate a PHY structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field, and to transmit a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel. As another example, various wireless communications devices, including A-IoT devices, UEs, base stations, and / or other devices mentioned herein may be configured to receive, in a communication channel, a signal including a PHY structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field, to decode the preamble information in the preamble field, and to decode at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0060] The wireless communications system 100 (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) includes base stations 102, UEs 104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (such as a 5G Core (5GC) ) . The base stations 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The macrocells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. The base stations 102 can be configured in a Disaggregated RAN (D-RAN) or Open RAN (O-RAN) architecture, where functionality is split between multiple units such as a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or a radio unit (RU) . Such architectures may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is logically split between one or more units (such as one or more CUs and one or more DUs) . In some aspects, the CUs may be implemented within an edge RAN node, and in some aspects, one or more DUs may be co-located with a CU, or may be geographically distributed throughout one or multiple RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs.
[0061] A base station 102 may include or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a transmit reception point (TRP) , or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or core network 190 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (such as a MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 are referred to herein as IoT devices 106 (such as a parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, a sensor, a tag, a label, etc. ) . In some implementations, an ambient IoT (A-IoT) device 106 may have a relatively low peak power consumption. The A-IoT device 106 may connect to a UE 104 via a wireless link 108. The UE 104 also may be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
[0062] In some implementations, one or more receiving devices such as one or more of the UEs 104 (and / or A-IoT devices 106 and / or base stations 102) include a PHY decoding component 140 configured to receive and decode a transmission having a PHY structure. In some implementations, one or more transmitting devices such as one or more of the A-IoT devices 106 (and / or base stations 102 and / or UEs 104) include an PHY generation component 120 for generating and transmitting a PHY structure in association with a data transmission.
[0063] The base stations 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (such as S1 interface) , which may be wired or wireless. The base stations 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with core network 190 through second backhaul links 184, which may be wired or wireless. In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (such as handover, dual connectivity) , inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (such as through the EPC 160 or core network 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (such as X2 interface) . The third backhaul links 134 may be wired or wireless.
[0064] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104 and / or A-IoT devices 106. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network also may include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links 112 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include UL (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 or DL (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 112 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (such as 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (such as more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0065] In addition to communicating with A-IoT devices 106 and / or base stations 102, certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0066] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0067] The small cell 102' may operate in a licensed or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102', employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to or increase capacity of the access network.
[0068] A base station 102, whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (such as macro base station) , may include an eNB, gNodeB (gNB) , or other type of base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in one or more frequency bands within the electromagnetic spectrum.
[0069] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” (mmW) band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0070] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, or may be within the EHF band. Communications using the mmW radio frequency band have extremely high path loss and a short range. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the path loss and short range.
[0071] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a PS Streaming Service, or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0072] The core network 190 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to the IP Services 197. The IP Services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a PS Streaming Service, or other IP services.
[0073] Although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, Ambient IoT environments, and other wireless technologies including future 6G technologies.
[0074] FIGS. 2A-D include frame structures and resources used for communication by base stations 102 and UEs 104 in a typical 4G or 5G environment. FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first frame in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second frame in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of a subframe in a typical 4G or 5G wireless communication signal. The 5G NR frame structure may be FDD in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be TDD in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. A subset of the total cell bandwidth of a cell is referred to as a Bandwidth Part (BWP) and bandwidth adaptation is achieved by configuring the UE with BWP (s) and telling the UE which of the configured BWPs is currently the active one. In an aspect, a narrow bandwidth part (NBWP) refers to a BWP having a bandwidth less than or equal to a maximum configurable bandwidth of a BWP. The bandwidth of the NBWP is less than the carrier system bandwidth.
[0075] In the examples provided by Figs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 34 (with mostly UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 34, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI) . Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.
[0076] Other wireless communication technologies may have a different frame structure or different channels. A frame (10 milliseconds (ms) ) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms) . Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes also may include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot configuration. For slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols. The symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also referred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) . The number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration 0, different numerologies μ 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 5. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figs. 2A–2D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 microseconds (μs) .
[0077] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0078] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as Rx for one particular configuration, where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS also may include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0079] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a L1 identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a L1 cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the L1 identity and the L1 cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
[0080] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0081] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , or UCI.
[0082] FIG. 3 is a diagram of example components of a base station 310, a UE 350, and an A-IoT device 380 configured to implement one or more of the various PHY structures described herein to exchange communications in an A-IoT environment, and / or in a typical 4G or 5G communications environment. In an aspect, the base station 310, UE 350, and A-IoT device 380 are the same as or similar to the base station 102, UE 104, and A-IoT device 106, respectively, of Fig. 1. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (such as MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (such as RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0083] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may be split into parallel streams. Each stream may be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (such as a pilot) in the time or frequency domain, and combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0084] At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0085] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with one or more memories 360 that stores program codes and data. The one or more memories 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0086] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (such as MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0087] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0088] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
[0089] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with one or more memories 376 that stores program codes and data. The one or more memories 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0090] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the PHY decoding component 140 of FIG. 1. For example, the one or more memories 360 may include executable instructions defining the PHY decoding component 140. The TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 may be configured to execute the PHY decoding component 140.
[0091] In some implementations, the UE 350 may operate as an intermediate device between the base station 310 and an A-IoT device 380. At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the PHY generation component 120 and / or PHY decoding component 140 of FIG. 1. For example, the one or more memories 360 may include executable instructions defining the PHY generation component 120 and / or PHY decoding component 140. The TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 may be configured to execute the PHY generation component 120 and / or PHY decoding component 140.
[0092] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with PHY generation component 120 and / or PHY decoding component 140 of FIG. 1. For example, the one or more memories 376 may include executable instructions defining the PHY generation component 120 and / or PHY decoding component 140. The TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 may be configured to execute the PHY generation component 120 and / or PHY decoding component 140.
[0093] The A-IoT device 380 may be a wireless device configured for low-power transmissions. For example, as mentioned above, the A-IoT device 380 may be referred to as a type 1 device with approximately 1 μW peak power or a type 2 (2a or 2b) device with less than a few hundred μW peak power. The A-IoT device 380 may include an antenna 382, a transceiver 384, one or more processors 386, and one or more memories 388. The one or more memories 388 may store instructions for the PHY generation component 120 and / or the PHY decoding component 140, and the processor (s) 386 may execute the instructions.
[0094] In some implementations, the A-IoT device 380 is configured for ambient backscatter communications. The A-IoT device 380 may derive its operational power from received ambient RF signals using a simple energy harvester circuit. The A-IoT device 380 may communicate by absorption and reflection of RF signals. The A-IoT device 380 may transmit by modulating reflection of incident RF signals rather than generating its own RF signals. For instance, to transmit, the transceiver 384 may receive (e.g., from the processor (s) 386) a stream of ones and zeros and switch between a non-reflecting or absorption state and a reflecting state. To receive, the transceiver 384 may compare a received signal to a threshold to determine whether the received signal is high voltage state or low voltage.
[0095] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 400, which may be one type of the base station 102 implemented in the wireless communication system 100 of Fig. 1. The disaggregated base station 400 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 410 that can communicate directly with a core network 420 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 420 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 425 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 415 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 405, or both) . A CU 410 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 430 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 430 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 440 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 440 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 440.
[0096] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 410, the DUs 430, the RUs 440, as well as the Near-RT RICs 425, the Non-RT RICs 415 and the SMO Framework 405, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0097] In some aspects, the CU 410 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 410. The CU 410 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 410 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 410 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 430, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0098] The DU 430 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 440. In some aspects, the DU 430 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 430 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 430, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 410.
[0099] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 440. In some deployments, an RU 440, controlled by a DU 430, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 440 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 440 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 430. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 430 and the CU 410 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0100] The SMO Framework 405 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 405 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 405 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 490) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 410, DUs 430, RUs 440 and Near-RT RICs 425. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 405 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 411, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 405 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 440 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 405 also may include a Non-RT RIC 415 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 405.
[0101] The Non-RT RIC 415 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 425. The Non-RT RIC 415 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 425. The Near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 410, one or more DUs 430, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 425.
[0102] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 425, the Non-RT RIC 415 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 425 and may be received at the SMO Framework 405 or the Non-RT RIC 415 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 415 or the Near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 415 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 405 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0103] FIGs. 5-13 illustrate various aspects of a PHY structure for use in an A-IoT environment. Although the structures vary in terms of type of fields being implemented and populated in each PHY structure, the various aspects include a control field including control information and a data field including data, which are communicated together in a wireless communication channel. In each of the aspects described with reference to FIGs. 5-13, the contents of both the control field and the data field may be transmitted and / or received as part of the overall PHY structure as a signal in a communications channel. Thus, the control field and data field may be transmitted within a single communications channel, therefore reducing the amount of resources used as compared to using multiple, separate communications channels to transmit and / or receive the various PHY structure fields.
[0104] Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 500 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 500 includes various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 500 includes a preamble field 502 including preamble information, a header field 504 including header information, a control field 506 including control information, a data field 508 including data, and a postamble field 510 including postamble information.
[0105] In some aspects, the header field 504, the control field 506, and the data field 508 may be jointly encoded. In some aspects, the header field 504 and the data field 508 may be jointly encoded. In some aspects, the control field 506 and the data field 508 may be jointly encoded. The preamble field 502 may include preamble information indicating a starting location of the transmission of data, a data rate, and possibly other data-relevant information. The header field 504 may be positioned within the PHY structure 500 before the control field 506 and the data field 508, and may indicate a length of both the control field 506 and the data field 508. In some aspects, the header field 504 may indicate whether the PHY structure 500 includes a control field 506 only, a header field 508 only, or both a control field 506 and a header field 508. In some aspects, the control field 506 may indicate one or more of a target device / group ID, source ID, cast type and power control, functionality of the control field 506 (e.g., format / purpose of the control field 508) , or other assistant information (e.g., the number of transport blocks (TBs) to be transmitted for the device, no transmission for the next X milliseconds duration / next N preambles, or the feedback for the previous M transmission / TBs) .
[0106] Additionally, the PHY structure 500 may include one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) values. The CRC may be implemented in any number of ways within the PHY structure 500. For example, the control field 506 and the data field 508 may share a CRC value or checksum, which may be located in another field of the PHY structure 500, such as in a field of the PHY structure 500 following the data field 508. In a further example, the header field 504 and the data field 508 may have separate CRCs, such that the header field 504 includes a CRC value or checksum that is distinct from another CRC value or checksum within the data field 508. In an additional example, the control field 506 and the data field 508 may have separate CRCs, such that the control field 506 CRC may be located in a field following the control field 506, and the data field 508 CRC may be located in a field following the data field 508.
[0107] Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 600 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 600 includes various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 600 includes a preamble field 602 including preamble information, a control field 604 including control information, a data field 606 including data, and a postamble field 608 including postamble information when the length of the data is less than a required time duration to decode the header information. Additional details of PHY structure 600 are described below.
[0108] Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 700 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 700 may include various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 700 may include a preamble field 702 including preamble information, a control field 704 including control information, and a data field 706 including data wherein the postamble field can be omitted when the length of the data is greater than a required time duration to decode the header information. Additional details of PHY structure 700 are described below.
[0109] Referring to FIGs. 6 and 7, the control fields and data fields of the PHY structures 600 and 700 may be separately encoded, as compared to control field 506 and data field 508 of the PHY structure 500 of FIG. 5, which may be jointly encoded. In other words, control field 604 may be encoded separately from the encoding of the data field 606 in the PHY structure 600, and the control field 704 may be encoded separately from the data field 706 in the PHY structure 700.
[0110] Referring still to FIGs. 6 and 7, the control fields 604 and 704 may each indicate one or more of a target device / group ID, source ID, cast type and power control, functionality of the control field 604, 704 (e.g., format / purpose of the control fields 604, 704) , or other assistant information (e.g., the number of transport blocks (TBs) to be transmitted for the device, no transmission for the next X milliseconds duration / next N preambles, or the feedback for the previous M transmission / TBs) of their respective PHY structures 600 and 700.
[0111] Additionally, the PHY structures 600 and 700 may include one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) values. The CRC may be implemented in any number of ways within the PHY structures 600 and 700. For example, in PHY structure 600, the control field 604 and the data field 606 may have separate CRC checksums or values. As another example, in PHY structure 700, the control field 704 and the data field 706 may have separate CRC checksums or values.
[0112] Referring still to FIGs. 6 and 7, the control fields 604 and 704 may have fixed coding rates defined within the control fields 604 and 704 respectively. The control fields 604 and 704 may also each have fixed field lengths. In some aspects, a data / coding rate may be predefined within a lookup table, and a control field may indicate a table index to lookup the data / coding rate in the lookup table when decoding a PHY structure. For example, the control field 604 may include a table index that is used to identify a table that includes a data / coding rate of the data field 606 of the PHY structure 600. As another example, the control field 704 may include a table index that is used to identify a table that includes a data / coding rate of the data field 706 of the PHY structure 700.
[0113] In some aspects, if the control field (e.g., 604, 704) is used to indicate the transport block size (TBS) and / or resource of the data field (e.g., 606, 706) , the A-IoT device will buffer the data until the control field (e.g., 604, 704) has been decoded and the TBS / resource of the data has been obtained.
[0114] In some aspects, as illustrated in FIG. 6, if the control field (e.g., 604) is used to indicate the transport block size (TBS) and / or resource of the data field (e.g., 606) , and if the duration of the data field (e.g., 606) is shorter than the decoding time of the control field (e.g., 604) , a postamble field (e.g., 608) is added to the end of the data field (e.g., 606) as part of the PHY structure (e.g., 600) . Alternatively, in some aspects, as illustrated in FIG. 7, if the control field (e.g., 704) is used to indicate the TBS and / or resource of the data field (e.g., 706) , and if the duration of the data field (e.g., 706) is longer than the decoding time of the control field (e.g., 704) , a postamble field is not added to the end of the data field (e.g., 706) as part of the PHY structure (e.g., 700) .
[0115] Fig. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 800 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 800 includes various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 800 includes a preamble field 802 including preamble information, a control field (having variable size) 804 including control information, a midamble field 806 including midamble information, a data field 808 including data, and a postamble field 810 including postamble information.
[0116] In some aspects, the control field (variable size) 804 and data field 808 may be communicated in the same channel, but separately encoded. In some aspects, the control field (variable size) 804 and the data field 808 may have separate CRCs to improve upon the reliability of the control field (variable size) 804.
[0117] As the length of the control field 804 may vary, the midamble field 806 may indicate the TBS / resource of the control field (variable size) 804 (e.g., the midamble field indicates an end of the control field) . Additionally, in an aspect, the data rate of the control field (variable size) 804 may be fixed. In a further aspect, the preamble information of the preamble field 802 may indicate a data rate of the control field 804.
[0118] In some aspects, the control field (variable size) 802 may indicate a target device / group ID, source ID (e.g., apparatus as reading device) , cast type, functionality of the control (e.g., format / purpose of the control) , a data / coding rate, and TBS / resource of the following data. In some aspects, the preamble field 802 may indicate the data rate and the postamble field 810 may indicate the TBS / resource of the data and other scheduled information. In some aspects, the control field (variable size) 802 may indicate a power control, a command purpose or control format indication (e.g., inventory or command, read, write, lock, release, activate, deactivate command, etc. ) , or other assistant or control information (e.g., the number of TBs to be transmitted for the apparatus, no transmission for the next Xms duration / next N preambles, or the feedback for the previous M transmission / TBs) .
[0119] Referring to FIG. 9 and 10, with respect to the PHY structure 800 of FIG. 8, if the control is used to indicate the TBS, whether postamble information is needed or not can follow the method mentioned in the structure of Figs. 6 and 7, namely: (I) buffer the data until decoding the control and obtain the TBS / resource of the data; or (II) if the duration of the data is shorter than the decoding time of the control, then add the postamble at the end of the data (see FIG. 9) , or if the duration of the data is longer than the decoding time of the control, then no postamble is needed (see FIG. 10) .
[0120] Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 900 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 900 includes various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 900 includes a preamble field 902 including preamble information, a control field (variable size) 904 including control information, a midamble field 906 including midamble information, a data field 908 including data, and a postamble field 910 including postamble information in order to extend the length of the structure when the duration of the data is shorter than the decoding time of the control.
[0121] Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 1000 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 1000 may include various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 1000 may include a preamble field 1002 including preamble information, a control field (variable size) 1004 including control information, a midamble field 1006 including midamble information, and a data field 1008 including data, e.g., omitting the postamble when the duration of the data is longer than the decoding time of the control.
[0122] Referring to FIGs. 9 and 10, the control fields and data fields of the PHY structures 900 and 1000 may be separately encoded. In other words, control field (variable size) 904 may be encoded separately from the encoding of the data field 908 in the PHY structure 900, and the control field (variable size) 1004 may be encoded separately from the data field 1008 in the PHY structure 1000. In some aspects, the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904, 1004) and the data field (e.g., 908, 1008) may have separate CRCs to improve upon the reliability of the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904, 1004) .
[0123] The midamble fields 906, 1006 may function in a similar manner as described with reference to FIG. 8. In some aspects, the control field (variable size) 804 may be of a predefined but varying length. For example, the midamble field 806 may indicate the TBS / resource of the control field (variable size) 804, and the data rate of the control field (variable size) 804 may be fixed.
[0124] In some aspects, the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904, 1004) may indicate a target device / group ID, source ID (e.g., apparatus as reading device) , cast type, functionality of the control (e.g., format / purpose of the control) , a data / coding rate, and TBS / resource of the following data. In some aspects, the preamble field (e.g., 902, 1002) may indicate the data rate and the postamble field (e.g., 910) may indicate the TBS / resource of the data and other scheduled information. In some aspects, the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904, 1004) may indicate a power control, a command purpose or control format indication (e.g., inventory or command, read, write, lock, release, activate, deactivate command, etc. ) , or other assistant or control information (e.g., the number of TBs to be transmitted for the apparatus, no transmission for the next Xms duration / next N preambles, or the feedback for the previous M transmission / TBs) .
[0125] Referring still to FIGs. 9 and 10, the control fields (variable size) 904 and 1004 may have fixed coding rates defined within the control fields (variable size) 904 and 1004 respectively. In some aspects, a data / coding rate may be predefined within a lookup table, and a control field may indicate a table index to lookup the data / coding rate in the lookup table when decoding a PHY structure. For example, the control field (variable size) 904 may include a table index that is used to identify a table that includes a data / coding rate of the data field 908 of the PHY structure 900. As another example, the control field (variable size) 1004 may include a table index that is used to identify a table that includes a data / coding rate of the data field 1008 of the PHY structure 1000. In some aspects, the preamble information of the preamble fields 902 and 1002 may each indicate a coding rate for the control fields (variable size) 904 and 1004, respectively.
[0126] In some aspects, if the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904, 1004) is used to indicate the TBS and / or resource of the data field (e.g., 908, 1008) , the A-IoT device may buffer the data until the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904, 1004) has been decoded and the TBS / resource of the data has been obtained.
[0127] As noted above, as illustrated in FIG. 9, if the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904) is used to indicate the TBS and / or resource of the data field (e.g., 908) , and if the duration of the data field (e.g., 908) is shorter than the decoding time of the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904) , a postamble field (e.g., 910) is added to the end of the data field (e.g., 908) as part of the PHY structure (e.g., 900) . Alternatively, in some aspects, as illustrated in FIG. 10, if the control field (variable size) (e.g., 1004) is used to indicate the TBS and / or resource of the data field (e.g., 1008) , and if the duration of the data field (e.g., 1008) is longer than the decoding time of the control field (variable size) (e.g., 904) , a postamble field is not added to the end of the data field (e.g., 1008) as part of the PHY structure (e.g., 1000) .
[0128] Fig. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 1100 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 1100 may include various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 1100 may include a preamble field 1102 including preamble information, a specified control field (i.e., control-s) 1104 including specified control information, a header field 1106 including header information, a control field 1108 including control information, a data field 1110 including data, and a postamble field 1112 including postamble information. Additional aspects of the PHY structure 1100 are discussed below.
[0129] Fig. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 1200 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 1200 may include various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 1200 may include a preamble field 1202 including preamble information, a specified control field (i.e., control-s) (variable size) 1204 including specified control information, a midamble field 1206 including midamble information, a header field 1208 including header information, a control field 1210 including control information, a data field 1212 including data, and a postamble field 1214 including postamble information. Additional aspects of the PHY structure 1200 are discussed below.
[0130] Referring to FIGs. 11 and 12, various alternate aspects are illustrated including specified control fields (e.g., 1104, 1204) . In FIG. 11, the length of the specified control field 1104 may be a fixed length (e.g., predefined by a communications protocol / standard) . Comparatively, in FIG. 12, the length of the specified control field (variable size) 1204 may be a variable size or length defined by the midamble information located within the midamble field 1206.
[0131] Referring still to FIGs. 11 and 12, the specified control field (e.g., 1104, 1204) may indicate the scheduling information of the following data in the data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) . The specified control field (e.g., 1104, 1204) may be separately coded and may have a separate CRC while it is carried in the same channel as the data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) . In some aspects, the specified control field (e.g., 1104, 1204) may be of a fixed coding rate. In some aspects, the specified control information in the specified control field (e.g., 1104, 1204) may include target device / group ID, source ID (optional, apparatus as reading device) , cast type, data / coding rate of the control field (e.g., 1108. 1210) , TBS of data, data / coding rate of the data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) . In some aspects, the TBS of data, data / coding rate of the data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) may be included in the control information of the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) , and the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) may be jointly coded with the data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) . In some aspects, the postamble (e.g., 1112, 1214) may indicate the TBS / resource of the data.
[0132] In some aspects, the header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) may indicate the length of the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) and the data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) . The header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) may further indicate whether the PHY structure (e.g., 1100, 1200) includes a data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) only, a control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) only, or both a control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) and a data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) . In some aspects, a specified control field (e.g., 1104, 1204) may include information that would otherwise be included in header information of a header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) , such that a header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) may be optional.
[0133] Referring still to FIGs. 11 and 12, for aspects in which a control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) and a data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) are present and populated, the control information may include functionality of the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) (format / purpose of the control field) , power control, or other assistant information (e.g., the number of TB to be transmitted for the device, no transmission for the next Xms duration / next N preambles, or the feedback for the previous M transmission / TBs) .
[0134] Referring still to FIGs. 11 and 12, for aspects in which a control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) and a data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) are present and populated, the PHY structures (e.g., 1100, 1200) may encode the various fields in a number of ways. For example, the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) , header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) , and data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) may be jointly coded. As another example, the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) , header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) , and data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) may be separately coded. As a further example, the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) and header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) may be jointly coded.
[0135] Referring still to FIGs. 11 and 12, for aspects in which a control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) and a data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) are present and populated, the PHY structures (e.g., 1100, 1200) may implement CRC in a number of ways. For example, the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) , header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) , and data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) may share the same CRC checksum or value. As another example, the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) , header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) , and data field (e.g., 1110, 1212) may have separate CRC checksums or values. As a further example, the control field (e.g., 1108, 1210) and header field (e.g., 1106, 1208) may share the same CRC checksum or value.
[0136] A benefit to the aspects as described with reference to FIGs. 11 and 12 is reducing computational resources utilized during decoding of a PHY structure (e.g., 1100, 1200) . For example, the specified control field (e.g., 1104, 1204) may indicate whether the apparatus decoding a received PHY structure (e.g., 1100, 1200) is the intended target apparatus. If the apparatus decoding the PHY structure (e.g., 1100, 1200) is the intended target, then the apparatus may continue to decode the rest of the PHY structure (e.g., 1100, 1200) . If the apparatus decoding the PHY structure (e.g., 1100, 1200) is not the intended target as indicated by the specified control information in the specified control field (e.g., 1104, 1204) , then the apparatus may terminate decoding operations, thus preventing the waste of computational resources that would otherwise be used to decode the remainder of the PHY structure (e.g., 1100, 1200) .
[0137] Fig. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example PHY structure 1300 implementable within an A-IoT environment. The PHY structure 1300 includes various fields which may be communicated via a communications channel. For example, the PHY structure 1300 includes a first preamble field 1302 including first preamble information, a control field (variable size) 1304 including specified control information, a first postamble field 1306 including first postamble information, which is separated by a gap from a second preamble field 1308 including second preamble information, a data field 1310 including data, and a second postamble field 1312 including second postamble information.
[0138] As illustrated in FIG. 13, the PHY structure 1300 includes a gap, or length of time, separating the first postamble field 1306 and the second preamble field 1308. This gap between the control field (variable size) 1304 and the data field 1310 may increase efficiency and reduce resource utilization in scenarios in which the A-IoT apparatus decoding the PHY structure 1300 is not the target device as indicated in the control field (variable size) 1304. For example, if the apparatus decoding the PHY structure 1300 is the intended target as indicated by the control information in the control field (variable size) 1304, then the apparatus may continue to decode the rest of the PHY structure 1300. If the apparatus decoding the PHY structure 1300 is not the intended target as indicated by the control information in the control field (variable size) 1304, then the apparatus may terminate decoding operations and may not continue to buffer and / or decode data in the data field 1310, thus preventing the waste of computational resources that would otherwise be used to decode the remainder of the PHY structure 1300.
[0139] The gap, or length of time between the first postamble field 1306 and the second preamble field 1308 may be determined or predefined in any number of ways. For example, the control field (variable size) 1304 may indicate the time duration between reception of the control field (variable size) 1304 (i.e., the end of first postamble field 1306) and the starting position of the data field 1310 (i.e., the starting point of second preamble field 1308) . As another example, a common gap length or duration may be predefined (e.g., in the protocol and / or standard) based on a poorest decoding capability of the A-IoT apparatus.
[0140] In some aspects, the control field (variable size) 1304 and data field 1310 may be separately coded and may have separate CRC checksums or values. In some aspects, the first preamble field 1302 and the second preamble field 1308 may indicate whether the following field in the PHY structure 1300 is a control field (variable size) 1304 or a data field 1310.
[0141] In some aspects, the second postamble field 1312 may indicate a TBS of the data field 1310. In some aspects, the control field (variable size) 1304 may indicate a TBS of the data field 1310, and therefore the second postamble field 1312 may be excluded from the PHY structure 1300.
[0142] Referring to Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, in operation, a transmitting wireless communication device 1400, such as A-IoT Device 380 or 106, and / or UE 350 or 104, and / or base station 310 or 102, may perform a method 1500 of wireless communications in an ambient internet of things (IoT) environment, such as via execution of PHY generation component 120 by processor (s) 386 and / or one or more memories 388. The PHY generation component 120 may include various components and / or sub-modules, including a generating component 1420, a transmitting component 1425, an encoding component 1430, and a determining component 1435, which may be used to execute various functions of the transmitting wireless communication device 1400.
[0143] At block 1502, the method 1500 includes generating a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field. For example, in an aspect, transmitting wireless communication device 1400, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY generation component 120, and / or generating component 1420 may be configured to or may comprise means for generating a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field.
[0144] For example, the generating at block 1502 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, a PHY structure including various fields as described with references to any of FIGs. 5-13.
[0145] Further, for example, the generating at block 1502 may be performed to generate a PHY structure that, when received by another A-IoT device, may be decoded in an efficient manner by conserving computational resources if the receiving A-IoT device is not the intended destination of a signal including the PHY structure.
[0146] At block 1504, the method 1500 includes transmitting a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel. For example, in an aspect, transmitting wireless communication device 1400, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY generation component 120, and / or transmitting component 1425 may be configured to or may comprise means for transmitting a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.
[0147] For example, the transmitting at block 1504 may include transmitting, via the transmitting component 1425, a signal including the PHY structure with various fields as described with reference to any of FIGs. 5-13.
[0148] Further, for example, the transmitting at block 1504 may be performed such that a control field and a data field of the PHY structure are transmitting within a same communications channel, thereby simplifying and reducing communications overhead.
[0149] Referring to Fig. 16, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 1602, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating header information in a header field.
[0150] For example, generating at block 1602 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, a PHY structure including a header field as described with reference to at least FIG. 5.
[0151] In this optional aspect, at block 1604, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes encoding, jointly, the header information in the header field and the data in the data field.
[0152] For example, encoding at block 1604 may include encoding, via the encoding component 1430, header information in the header field and the data in the data field of a PHY structure as described with reference to at least FIG. 5.
[0153] In this optional aspect, at block 1606, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.
[0154] For example, generating at block 1606 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, a cyclic redundancy checksum or check value shared by the control information of a control field and the data of a data field as described with reference to at least FIG. 5. Sharing a CRC checksum or check value may further reduce total computational resources utilized by reducing the number of processes to perform CRC operations.
[0155] Referring to Fig. 17, in an alternative or additional aspect wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field, at block 1702, the method 1500 may further include encoding, separately, the control information in the control field and the data in the data field. For example, in an aspect, transmitting wireless communication device 1400, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY generation component 120, and / or encoding component 1430 may be configured to or may comprise means for encoding, separately, the control information in the control field and the data in the data field.
[0156] For example, the encoding at block 1702 may include encoding, via the encoding component 1430, the control information in the control field and the data in the data field separately as described with references to at least of FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0157] In this optional aspect, at block 1704, the method 1500 may further include generating a first cyclic redundancy check value for the header information and a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data. For example, in an aspect, transmitting wireless communication device 1400, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY generation component 120, and / or generating component 1420 may be configured to or may comprise means for generating a first cyclic redundancy check value for the header information and a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.
[0158] For example, the generating at block 1704 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, a first cyclic redundancy check value for the header information and a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data as described with reference to at least FIGs. 5-7.
[0159] In this optional aspect, at block 1706, the method 1500 may further include determining whether a duration of the data in the data field is less than a decoding time of the control information in the control field. For example, in an aspect, transmitting wireless communication device 1400, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY generation component 120, and / or determining component 1435 may be configured to or may comprise means for determining whether a duration of the data in the data field is less than a decoding time of the control information in the control field.
[0160] For example, the determining at block 1706 may include determining, via the determining component 1435, whether a duration of the data in the data field is less than a decoding time of the control information in the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0161] Further, for example, the determining at block 1706 may be performed to determine if block 1708 should be executed, (i.e., that a postamble field is to be generated at the end of the PHY structure. If the determining component 1435 determines that a duration of the data in the data field is not less than a decoding time of the control information in the control field, then no postamble field is added during the generation of the PHY structure.
[0162] In this optional aspect, at block 1708, the method 1500 may further include generating postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the duration of the data in the data field is less than the decoding time of the control information in the control field. For example, in an aspect, transmitting wireless communication device 1400, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY generation component 120, and / or generating component 1420 may be configured to or may comprise means for generating postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the duration of the data in the data field is less than the decoding time of the control information in the control field.
[0163] For example, the generating at block 1708 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the duration of the data in the data field is less than the decoding time of the control information in the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0164] Further, for example, the generating at block 1708 may be performed to include postamble information which may be used to define certain aspects of the PHY structure and its contents (e.g., TBS)
[0165] Referring to Fig. 18, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 1802, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.
[0166] For example, the generating block at 1802 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, such that the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 8-10.
[0167] Referring to Fig. 19, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 1902, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating specified control information in a specified control field positioned between the preamble field and the control field.
[0168] For example, the generating block at 1902 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, specified control information in a specified control field positioned between the preamble field and the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 11 and 12.
[0169] In this optional aspect, at block 1904, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating postamble information in a postamble field positioned after the data field.
[0170] For example, the generating block at 1904 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, postamble information in a postamble field positioned after the data field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 11 and 12. In this optional aspect, at block 1906, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to indicate a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.
[0171] For example, the generating block at 1906 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to indicate a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value as described with reference to at least FIGs. 11 and 12. As described with reference to FIG. 11, a specified control field may be of a predefined length, and / or, a midamble field may include information indicating a length of the control field as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0172] Referring to Fig. 20, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 2002, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating first postamble information in a first postamble field after the control field.
[0173] For example, the generating block at 2002 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, first postamble information in a first postamble field after the control field as described with reference to at least FIG. 13.
[0174] In this optional aspect, at block 2004, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating second preamble information in a second preamble field before the data field.
[0175] For example, the generating block at 2002 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, second preamble information in a second preamble field before the data field as described with reference to at least FIG. 13.
[0176] In this optional aspect, at block 2006, the generating at block 1502 of the PHY structure further includes generating second postamble information in a second postamble field after the data field.
[0177] For example, the generating block at 2002 may include generating, via the generating component 1420, second postamble information in a second postamble field after the data field as described with reference to at least FIG. 13 The result of generating a first postamble and a second preamble indicates the presence of a length of time, or a gap, between the control field and the data field of the PHY structure. As a result of this gap in time, an A-IoT device may decode a PHY structure including the gap, determine that the signal including the PHY structure was not targeting the A-IoT device, and may terminate further decoding of the PHY structure before decoding the data field, thereby reserving computation resources that would otherwise be allocated to buffering and decoding the data in the data field.
[0178] Referring to Fig. 21 and Fig. 22, in operation, -a receiving wireless communication device 2100, such as A-IoT Device 380 or 106, and / or UE 350 or 104, and / or base station 310 or 102, may perform a method 2200 of wireless communications in an ambient internet of things (IoT) environment, by such as via execution of PHY decoder component 140 by processor (s) 386 and / or one or more memories 388. The PHY decoder component 140 may include various components and / or sub-modules, including a receiving component 2120, a decoding component 2125, a determining component 2130, and a terminating component 2135, which may be used to execute various functions of the A-Receiving wireless communication device 2100.
[0179] At block 2202, the method 2200 includes receiving, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or receiving component 2120 may be configured to or may comprise means for receiving, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field.
[0180] For example, the receiving at block 2202 may include receiving, via the receiving component 2120, a signal including the PHY structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field as described with reference to any of FIGs. 5-13.
[0181] Further, the control field and the data field may be communicated via a same communications channel.
[0182] At block 2204, the method 2200 includes decoding the preamble information in the preamble field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding the preamble information in the preamble field.
[0183] For example, the decoding at block 2204 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, the preamble information in the preamble field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 5-13
[0184] At block 2206, the method 2200 includes decoding at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0185] For example, the decoding at block 2206 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 5-13.
[0186] Further, for example, the decoding at block 2206 may be performed to decode a specified control field in to determine whether an A-IoT implementing the block 2206 is an intended target destination of the signal including the PHY structure. If the A-IoT is not an intended target destination of the received signal including the PHY structure, then the A-IoT may cease decoding operations, preventing the unnecessary decoding of the remainder of the PHY structure and therefore allocating computational resources to other processes.
[0187] Referring to Fig. 23, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 2302, the method 2200 may further include decoding header information in a header field, wherein the header field and the data field are jointly encoded. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding header information in a header field, wherein the header field and the data field are jointly encoded.
[0188] For example, the decoding at block 2302 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, header information in a header field, wherein the header field and the data field are jointly encoded as described with reference to at least FIG. 5.
[0189] In this optional aspect, at block 2304, the method 2200 may further include decoding a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.
[0190] For example, the decoding at block 2304 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data as described with reference to at least FIG. 5. Sharing a CRC checksum or check value may further reduce total computational resources utilized by reducing the number of processes to perform CRC operations.
[0191] Referring to Fig. 24, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 2402, the method 2200 may further include decoding the control information, wherein the control field and the data field are separately coded, and wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding the control information, wherein the control field and the data field are separately coded, and wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field.
[0192] For example, the decoding at block 2402 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, the control information, wherein the control field and the data field are separately coded, and wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0193] In this optional aspect, at block 2404, the method 2200 may further include decoding a first cyclic redundancy check value for the control information. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding a first cyclic redundancy check value for the control information.
[0194] For example, the decoding at block 2404 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, a first cyclic redundancy check value for the control information as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0195] In this optional aspect, at block 2406, the method 2200 may further include decoding the data field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding the data field.
[0196] For example, the decoding at block 2406 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, the data field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0197] In this optional aspect, at block 2408, the method 2200 may further include decoding a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.
[0198] For example, the decoding at block 2408 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0199] In this optional aspect, at block 2410, the method 2200 may further include decoding the data in the data field, wherein a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding the data in the data field, wherein a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field.
[0200] For example, the decoding at block 2410 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, the data in the data field, wherein a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0201] Alternatively to block 2410at block 2412, the method 2200 instead may further include decoding the data in the data field and postamble information in a postamble field, wherein the duration of the data field is less than the decoding time of the control field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding the data in the data field and postamble information in a postamble field, wherein the duration of the data field is less than the decoding time of the control field.
[0202] For example, the decoding at block 2412 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, the data in the data field and postamble information in a postamble field, wherein a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 6 and 7.
[0203] Further, for example, the decoding at block 2412 may be performed in a scenario in which the A-IoT decoding the PHY structure is informed of or determines that a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field, which indicates the presence of a postamble field. If the a duration of the data field is not greater than a decoding time of the control field, then the PHY structure does not include a postamble field, and the A-IoT device may not prepare for decoding or otherwise decode a postamble field.
[0204] Referring to Fig. 25, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 2502, the method 2200 may further include decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.
[0205] For example, the decoding at block 2502 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 8-10.
[0206] Referring to Fig. 26, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 2602, the method 2200 may further include determining whether the specified control information in the specified control field indicates that the apparatus is an intended destination of the signal. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or determining component 2130 may be configured to or may comprise means for determining whether the specified control information in the specified control field indicates that the apparatus is an intended destination of the signal.
[0207] For example, the determining at block 2602 may include determining, via the determining component 2130, whether the specified control information in the specified control field indicates that the apparatus is an intended destination of the signal as described with reference to at least FIGs. 11 and 12.
[0208] In this optional aspect, at block 2604, the method 2200 may further include decoding header information in a header field, the control information in the control field, the data in the data field, and postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the specified control information indicates the apparatus is the intended destination of the signal. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding header information in a header field, the control information in the control field, the data in the data field, and postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the specified control information indicates the apparatus is the intended destination of the signal.
[0209] For example, the decoding at block 2604 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, header information in a header field, the control information in the control field, the data in the data field, and postamble information in a postamble field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 11 and 12.
[0210] Further, for example, the decoding at block 2604 may be performed in response to determining that the specified control information indicates the apparatus is the intended destination of the received signal including the PHY structure.
[0211] Alternatively to block 2604, at block 2606, the method 2200 instead may further include terminating decoding of the PHY structure in response to determining that the specified control field indicates the apparatus is not the intended destination of the signal. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or terminating component 2135 may be configured to or may comprise means for terminating decoding of the PHY structure in response to determining that the specified control field indicates the apparatus is not the intended destination of the signal.
[0212] For example, the terminating at block 2606 may include terminating, via the terminating component 2135, decoding of the PHY structure as described with reference to at least FIGs. 11 and 12.
[0213] Further, for example, the terminating at block 2606 may be performed in response to determining that the specified control field indicates the apparatus is not the intended destination of the signal. Preemptively terminating decoding processes may prevent the unnecessary decoding of the data field, as the data within the data field was not intended for the receiving A-IoT, therefore allowing computational resources to be allocated elsewhere.
[0214] In this optional aspect, at block 2608, the method 2200 may further include decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to identify a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or this decoding may be skipped when the length of the specified control field is a fixed value. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to identify a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or skipping this decoding when the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.
[0215] For example, the decoding at block 2608 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to identify a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or skipping this decoding when the length of the specified control field is a fixed value as described with reference to at least FIGs. 12.
[0216] Further, for example, the decoding at block 2608 may be performed to decode a midamble when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or may be skipped when the length of the specified control field is a fixed value (i.e., as a midamble is not in implemented within the PHY structure) .
[0217] Referring to Fig. 27, in an alternative or additional aspect, at block 2702, the method 2200 may further include decoding first postamble information a first postamble field after decoding the control information in the control field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding first postamble information a first postamble field after decoding the control information in the control field.
[0218] For example, the decoding at block 2702 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, first postamble information a first postamble field after decoding the control information in the control field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 13.
[0219] In this optional aspect, at block 2704, the method 2200 may further include decoding second preamble information in a second preamble field before decoding the data in the data field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding second preamble information in a second preamble field before decoding the data in the data field.
[0220] For example, the decoding at block 2704 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, second preamble information in a second preamble field before decoding the data in the data field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 13.
[0221] Further, for example, the decoding at block 2704 may be performed {insert WHY it is done this way and / or any other principle (s) / advantage (s) of this action} .
[0222] In this optional aspect, at block 2706, the method 2200 may further include decoding second postamble information in a second postamble field after decoding the data in the data field. For example, in an aspect, receiving wireless communication device 2100, processor (s) 386, one or more memories 388, PHY decoder component 140, and / or decoding component 2125 may be configured to or may comprise means for decoding second postamble information in a second postamble field after decoding the data in the data field.
[0223] For example, the decoding at block 2706 may include decoding, via the decoding component 2125, second preamble information in a second preamble field before decoding the data in the data field as described with reference to at least FIGs. 13.
[0224] The result of decoding a first postamble and a second preamble indicates the presence of a length of time, or a gap, between the control field and the data field of the PHY structure. As a result of this gap in time, an A-IoT device may decode a PHY structure including the gap, determine that the signal including the PHY structure was not targeting the A-IoT device, and may terminate further decoding of the PHY structure before decoding the data field, thereby reserving computation resources that would otherwise be allocated to buffering and decoding the data in the data field. Alternatively, if the A-IoT device determines that the signal including the PHY structure is at the intended destination (i.e., the receiving A-IoT device) , then the A-IoT device may proceed to decode the data field without wasting computational resources.
[0225] The following numbered clauses provide an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0226] Clause 1. A method of wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising: generating a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field; and transmitting a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.
[0227] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises: generating header information in a header field;
[0228] encoding, jointly, the header information in the header field and the data in the data field; and generating a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.
[0229] Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1 and 2, wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field, and further comprising: encoding, separately, the control information in the control field and the data in the data field; and generating a first cyclic redundancy check value for the header information and a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.
[0230] Clause 4. The method of clause 3, further comprising: determining whether a duration of the data in the data field is less than a decoding time of the control information in the control field; and generating postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the duration of the data in the data field is less than the decoding time of the control information in the control field.
[0231] Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises: generating midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.
[0232] Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises: generating specified control information in a specified control field positioned between the preamble field and the control field; and generating postamble information in a postamble field positioned after the data field.
[0233] Clause 7. The method of clause 6, further comprising: generating midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to indicate a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.
[0234] Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1-7, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises: generating first postamble information in a first postamble field after the control field; generating second preamble information in a second preamble field before the data field; and generating second postamble information in a second postamble field after the data field.
[0235] Clause 9. An apparatus for wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising: one or more memories storing executable instructions; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to execute the instructions, individually or in combination, to: generate a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field; and transmit a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.
[0236] Clause 10. The apparatus of clause 9, wherein to generate the PHY structure the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: generate header information in a header field; encode, jointly, the header information in the header field and the data in the data field; and generate a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.
[0237] Clause 11. The apparatus of any of clauses 9 and 10, wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: encode, separately, the control information in the control field and the data in the data field; and generate a first cyclic redundancy check value for the header information and a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.
[0238] Clause 12. The apparatus of clause 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: determine whether a duration of the data in the data field is less than a decoding time of the control information in the control field; and generate postamble information in a postamble field in response to determine that the duration of the data in the data field is less than the decoding time of the control information in the control field.
[0239] Clause 13. The apparatus of any of clauses 9-12, wherein to generate the PHY structure the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: generate midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.
[0240] Clause 14. The apparatus of any of clauses 9-13, wherein to generate the PHY structure the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: generate specified control information in a specified control field positioned between the preamble field and the control field; and generate postamble information in a postamble field positioned after the data field.
[0241] Clause 15. The apparatus of clause 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: generate midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to indicate a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.
[0242] Clause 16. The apparatus of any of clauses 9-15, wherein to generate the PHY structure the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: generate first postamble information in a first postamble field after the control field; generate second preamble information in a second preamble field before the data field; and generate second postamble information in a second postamble field after the data field.
[0243] Clause 17. A method of wireless communications by an apparatus in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising: receiving, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field; decoding the preamble information in the preamble field; and decoding at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0244] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, further comprising: decoding header information in a header field, wherein the header field and the data field are jointly encoded; and decoding a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.
[0245] Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 17 and 18, further comprising: decoding the control information, wherein the control field and the data field are separately coded, and wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field; decoding a first cyclic redundancy check value for the control information; decoding the data field; and decoding a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.
[0246] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, further comprising: decoding the data in the data field, wherein a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field; or decoding the data in the data field and postamble information in a postamble field, wherein the duration of the data field is less than the decoding time of the control field.
[0247] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 17-20, further comprising: decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.
[0248] Clause 22. The method of any of clauses 17-21, further comprising: determining whether the specified control information in the specified control field indicates that the apparatus is an intended destination of the signal; and decoding header information in a header field, the control information in the control field, the data in the data field, and postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the specified control information indicates the apparatus is the intended destination of the signal; or terminating decoding of the PHY structure in response to determining that the specified control field indicates the apparatus is not the intended destination of the signal.
[0249] Clause 23. The method of clause 22, further comprising: decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to identify a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.
[0250] Clause 24. The method of any of clauses 17-23, further comprising: decoding first postamble information a first postamble field after decoding the control information in the control field; decoding second preamble information in a second preamble field before decoding the data in the data field; and decoding second postamble information in a second postamble field after decoding the data in the data field.
[0251] Clause 25. An apparatus for wireless communications by an apparatus in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising: one or more memories storing executable instructions; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to execute the instructions, individually or in combination, to: receive, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field; decode the preamble information in the preamble field; and decode at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.
[0252] Clause 26. The apparatus of clause 25, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: decode header information in a header field, wherein the header field and the data field are jointly encoded; and decode a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.
[0253] Clause 27. The apparatus of any of clauses 25 and 26, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: decode the control information, wherein the control field and the data field are separately coded, and wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field; decode a first cyclic redundancy check value for the control information; decode the data field; and decode a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.
[0254] Clause 28. The apparatus of clause 27, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: decode the data in the data field, wherein a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field; or decode the data in the data field and postamble information in a postamble field, wherein the duration of the data field is less than the decoding time of the control field.
[0255] Clause 29. The apparatus of any of clauses 25-28, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: decode midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.
[0256] Clause 30. The apparatus of any of clauses 25-29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: determine whether the specified control information in the specified control field indicates that the apparatus is an intended destination of the signal; and decode header information in a header field, the control information in the control field, the data in the data field, and postamble information in a postamble field in response to determine that the specified control information indicates the apparatus is the intended destination of the signal; or terminate decoding of the PHY structure in response to determine that the specified control field indicates the apparatus is not the intended destination of the signal.
[0257] Clause 31. The apparatus of clause 30, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: decode midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to identify a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.
[0258] Clause 32. The apparatus of any of clauses 25-31, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to: decode first postamble information a first postamble field after decoding the control information in the control field; decode second preamble information in a second preamble field before decoding the data in the data field; and decode second postamble information in a second postamble field after decoding the data in the data field.
[0259] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.
[0260] The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm processes described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been described generally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0261] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some implementations, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0262] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents thereof, or in any combination thereof. Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification also can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a computer storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.
[0263] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. The processes of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module which may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection can be properly termed a computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and instructions on a machine readable medium and computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0264] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
[0265] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, the terms “upper” and “lower” are sometimes used for ease of describing the figures, and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the figure on a properly oriented page, and may not reflect the proper orientation of any device as implemented.
[0266] Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations also can be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation also can be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0267] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one more example processes in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results.
Claims
1.A method of wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising:generating a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field; andtransmitting a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.2.The method of claim 1, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises:generating header information in a header field;encoding, jointly, the header information in the header field and the data in the data field; andgenerating a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field, and further comprising:encoding, separately, the control information in the control field and the data in the data field; andgenerating a first cyclic redundancy check value for the header information and a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.4.The method of claim 3, further comprising:determining whether a duration of the data in the data field is less than a decoding time of the control information in the control field; andgenerating postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the duration of the data in the data field is less than the decoding time of the control information in the control field.5.The method of claim 1, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises:generating midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.6.The method of claim 1, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises:generating specified control information in a specified control field positioned between the preamble field and the control field; andgenerating postamble information in a postamble field positioned after the data field.7.The method of claim 6, further comprising:generating midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to indicate a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.8.The method of claim 1, wherein generating the PHY structure further comprises:generating first postamble information in a first postamble field after the control field;generating second preamble information in a second preamble field before the data field; andgenerating second postamble information in a second postamble field after the data field.9.A method of wireless communications by an apparatus in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising:receiving, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field;decoding the preamble information in the preamble field; anddecoding at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.10.The method of claim 9, further comprising:decoding header information in a header field, wherein the header field and the data field are jointly encoded; anddecoding a cyclic redundancy check value shared by the control information and the data.11.The method of claim 9, further comprising:decoding the control information, wherein the control field and the data field are separately coded, and wherein the control field indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the data field;decoding a first cyclic redundancy check value for the control information;decoding the data field; anddecoding a second cyclic redundancy check value for the data.12.The method of claim 11, further comprising:decoding the data in the data field, wherein a duration of the data field is greater than a decoding time of the control field; ordecoding the data in the data field and postamble information in a postamble field, wherein the duration of the data field is less than the decoding time of the control field.13.The method of claim 9, further comprising:decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the control field and the data field, wherein the midamble information indicates a transport block size (TBS) of the control field.14.The method of claim 9, further comprising:determining whether the specified control information in the specified control field indicates that the apparatus is an intended destination of the signal; anddecoding header information in a header field, the control information in the control field, the data in the data field, and postamble information in a postamble field in response to determining that the specified control information indicates the apparatus is the intended destination of the signal; orterminating decoding of the PHY structure in response to determining that the specified control field indicates the apparatus is not the intended destination of the signal.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising:decoding midamble information in a midamble field positioned between the specified control field and the control field to identify a length of the specified control field when the length of the specified control field is a variable value, or wherein the length of the specified control field is a fixed value.16.The method of claim 9, further comprising:decoding first postamble information a first postamble field after decoding the control information in the control field;decoding second preamble information in a second preamble field before decoding the data in the data field; anddecoding second postamble information in a second postamble field after decoding the data in the data field.17.An apparatus for wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising:one or more memories storing executable instructions; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to execute the instructions, individually or in combination, to:generate a physical interface (PHY) structure including preamble information in a preamble field, control information in a control field, and data in a data field; andtransmit a signal including the PHY structure in a communications channel.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to execute the instructions to perform the method of any of claims 2-8.19.An apparatus for wireless communications in an Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) environment, comprising:one or more memories storing executable instructions; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to execute the instructions, individually or in combination, to:receive, in a communication channel, a signal including a physical interface (PHY) structure having preamble information in a preamble field, at least one of control information in a control field or specified control information in a specified control field, and data in a data field;decode the preamble information in the preamble field; anddecode at least one of the specified control information in the specified control field or the control information in the control field.20.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further configured, individually or in combination, to execute the instructions to perform the method of any of claims 10-16.
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