Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition
A polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition with specific polyether polyol and filler composition forms a dense, stable residual layer that addresses the fragility issues of conventional coatings, ensuring continuous heat barrier protection for battery products.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/087092
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-11
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Conventional fire-resistant coatings for battery products, such as those using mica sheets or resin layers, fail to provide continuous heat barrier protection due to fragility and easy peeling under thermal stress, vibration, or external knocks.
A polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition comprising polyether polyol, filler, and flame retardant, with specific ethylene oxide content and filler composition, forms a dense, mechanically stable residual layer that withstands high temperatures and flame blasting.
The coating maintains structural integrity and provides continuous fire-resistant and heat barrier performance, even under extreme conditions, preventing the spread of thermal runaway in battery products.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025087092-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025087092-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025087092-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Polyurethane fire-retardant coating compositionTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of polyurethane fire-retardant coating compositions. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, a composite material, and a battery product at least partially coated with the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition.Background Art
[0002] When a motor vehicle battery experiences thermal runaway, parts of the battery and the gases produced might reach 800℃ or even higher than 1000℃. To reduce the risk of thermal runaway in battery products for new energy vehicles, a conventional solution is to provide a fire-resistant heat barrier layer on a surface of the battery product or in a specific region inside the battery product; common examples include inorganic heat barrier materials such as mica sheets and metal oxide insulation layers, etc. However, mica sheets and the like will cause problems, such as an increased number of components, and space being taken up.
[0003] As a novel type of coating layer with good operability, resin fire-resistant heat barrier coating layers have also been used in the art. However, combustion residue formed when a resin coating layer such as an epoxy resin or polyurethane coating layer experiences high temperature or burns is very fragile and falls off easily. If thermal runaway actually occurs, such a friable structure will easily peel off the substrate under the action of vibration, external knocks and high-temperature flame blasting, so is unable to continuously provide a fire-resistant heat barrier effect.Summary of the Invention
[0004] In response to the above problem, the present disclosure hopes to provide a polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition capable of withstanding (ultra) high temperatures and flame blasting. A polyurethane coating layer prepared from the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure is able to withstand high temperatures and flame blasting, and has good fire-resistant and heat barrier properties; moreover, a residual layer formed when it is burnt in fire has structural integrity and good mechanical stability, so is able to continuously provide fire-resistant and heat barrier performance.
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition is provided, obtained by reacting at least the following components:
[0006] a first component, comprising
[0007] at least one polyether polyol;
[0008] at least one filler F; and
[0009] at least one flame retardant; and
[0010] a second component, comprising at least one polyisocyanate;
[0011] characterized in that, based on the total weight of alkylene oxide in the polyether polyol, the polyether polyol comprises at least 10 wt%ethylene oxide;
[0012] based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the content of the flame retardant is 30 wt%or more; and
[0013] based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the content of the filler F is 18 wt%-40 wt%; further, based on the total weight of the filler F, the filler F comprises at least 20 wt%of a filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃.
[0014] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a composite material is provided, comprising a substrate and a polyurethane coating layer prepared from the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition described in the first aspect, the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition being applied to at least a portion of a surface of the substrate, and the polyurethane coating layer having a thickness of 0.5 -2 mm, preferably 0.8 -1.5 mm.
[0015] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a battery product is provided, the battery product being at least partially coated with the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition described in the first aspect. In some embodiments, the battery product is a battery shell, a battery unit, a battery module, or a battery pack.
[0016] Beneficial effects
[0017] A polyurethane coating layer prepared from the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure is able to withstand high temperatures and flame blasting, and provides continuous fire-resistant and heat barrier properties, thus imparting superior fire-resistant and heat barrier performance to the composite material according to the present disclosure.Detailed Description of Embodiments
[0018] The technical solutions in embodiments in the present disclosure are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. On the basis of the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without exercise of inventive effort fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0019] As used in the present disclosure, the term “molecular weight” means the number average molecular weight Mn.
[0020] As used in the present disclosure, the term “functionality” is also known as equivalent functionality or average functionality. Methods of determining the functionality of polyols are known to those skilled in the art; for example, see M. Ionescu, “Chemistry and Technology of Polyols for Polyurethanes” , 2005, Rapra Technology Limited, pages 34 -39.
[0021] The densities referred to in the present disclosure are tested according to ISO 1183, and expressed in g / cm3.
[0022] I. Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition
[0023] A polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition is provided, obtained by reacting at least the following components:
[0024] a first component, comprising
[0025] at least one polyether polyol;
[0026] at least one filler F; and
[0027] at least one flame retardant; and
[0028] a second component, comprising at least one polyisocyanate;
[0029] characterized in that, based on the total weight of alkylene oxide in the polyether polyol, the polyether polyol comprises at least 10 wt%ethylene oxide;
[0030] based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the content of the flame retardant is 30 wt%or more; and
[0031] based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the content of the filler F is 18 wt%-40 wt%; further, based on the total weight of the filler F, the filler F comprises at least 20 wt%of a filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃.
[0032] A polyurethane coating layer prepared from the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure is able to withstand high temperatures and flame blasting, and a residual layer formed when the polyurethane coating layer experiences ultra-high temperatures (for example, burning caused by thermal runaway of a battery might cause parts to reach 1000℃ or even higher than 1200℃) has a dense structure that is able to maintain structural integrity, so can continue to provide fire-resistant and heat barrier performance.
[0033] First component
[0034] As stated above, the first component comprises at least one polyether polyol, at least one filler and at least one flame retardant. Each component is described in detail in the following paragraphs.
[0035] Polyether polyol
[0036] The polyether polyol is an organic compound containing at least ether and OH groups as functional groups. The polyether polyol is prepared using a catalyst, for example from an epoxide (e.g. propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide) or tetrahydrofuran, with a hydrogen active starting compound (such as an aliphatic alcohol, phenol, amine, carboxylic acid, water and compounds based on natural substances (such as sucrose, sorbitol or mannitol) ) . These may include basic catalysts or double metal cyanide catalysts, as recorded in PCT / EP2005 / 010124, EP 90444 or WO 05 / 090440, for example. Compared to a polyester polyol, a polyurethane coating layer prepared from a polyether polyol does not age easily in hot and humid environments.
[0037] According to the present disclosure, based on the total weight of alkylene oxide in the polyether polyol, the polyether polyol comprises at least 10 wt%ethylene oxide, e.g. at least 10 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 50 wt%or at least 60 wt%ethylene oxide.
[0038] In some embodiments, the polyether polyol has an average functionality (i.e. groups reactive to isocyanate) of 2 -4, e.g. 2, 3 or 4, i.e. the polyether polyol may be a dihydroxy polyol, a trihydroxy polyol or a tetrahydroxy polyol.
[0039] In some embodiments, the polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight of 1000 -10,000 g / mol, preferably 2000 -6000 g / mol. For example, the polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight of 1000 g / mol, 2000 g / mol, 3000 g / mol, 4000 g / mol, 5000 g / mol, 6000 g / mol, 8000 g / mol or 10,000 g / mol.
[0040] Practical examples of suitable commercially available polyether polyols include 2095 (from BASF) and 2048 (from BASF) .
[0041] Filler F
[0042] By adding a filler to the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the mechanical strength of the polyurethane coating layer formed can be increased; secondly, due to its own non-flammability or flame retardancy, the filler can also reduce the concentration of flammable substances and delay or prevent combustion, etc., once added to the polymer. In addition, some fillers decompose at high temperatures to form non-flammable oxides and water; and since the decomposition reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the non-flammable oxides produced and the water released can both serve to reduce temperatures and cut off contact between materials and oxygen, the objective of extinguishing fire can be achieved.
[0043] In particular, when the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure is used to coat a battery product, the polyurethane coating layer formed can form a residual layer after being burnt by fire, and the filler can effectively control expansion of the coating layer as the residual layer is forming, so that the residual layer formed is more uniform, has a certain mechanical strength, and can maintain structural integrity; this can effectively improve the fire-resistant and heat barrier performance of the battery product.
[0044] Based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the total amount of filler F is 18 -40 wt%, e.g. 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 28 wt%, 30 wt%or 40 wt%. In some embodiments, based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the total amount of filler F is 19 wt%-28 wt%, or 18 –30 wt%.
[0045] According to the present disclosure, practical examples of suitable fillers include but are not limited to nitrides, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, ceramics and / or (mineral) salts. Among these, (mineral) salt inorganic fillers include metal silicate salts, borate salts and aluminate salts. Suitable metal silicate salts may for example be sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, calcium silicate and magnesium silicate.
[0046] In some particular embodiments, the filler is one or more selected from mica, talc, clay, calcium magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium silicate, barium sulfate, silica, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, hollow glass (microspheres) , ceramic microspheres, vermiculite, diatomite, wollastonite, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, basalt fiber and / or silicate salts. It should be understood that the filler according to the present disclosure is at least one of the abovementioned fillers or any combination thereof.
[0047] In addition, the filler may be spherical, ellipsoid, in the form of flakes, or in the form of fibers.
[0048] The average particle size (D50) of the inorganic filler may be 200 -3000 mesh, preferably 300 -2000 mesh.
[0049] In some embodiments, the filler has a length-to-diameter ratio of 10 -1000, e.g. is a fiber (also called a "needle" or "elongated" ) filler or a flake filler. Fillers within this range of length-to-diameter ratios (including fiber fillers and flake fillers) can ensure that expansion of the coating layer is controlled effectively as the residual layer is being formed from the polyurethane coating layer, so that the residual layer formed is more uniform, has a certain mechanical strength, and can maintain structural integrity.
[0050] The abovementioned fiber filler with a length-to-diameter ratio of 10 -1000 may be selected from glass fiber, ceramic fiber (e.g. oxide (aluminum oxide / silica) ceramic fiber) , basalt fiber, glass flakes, mica and / or wollastonite; these may be used alone or in combination. The wollastonite may also be a chain-like calcium silicate mineral containing a small amount of iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, titanium and / or potassium.
[0051] According to the present disclosure, based on the total weight of the filler F, the filler F comprises at least 20 wt%and preferably at least 50 wt%of a filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃, e.g. at least 20 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 60 wt%of a filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃.
[0052] Suitable examples include glass powder / glass fiber (e.g. MF7980) , borate salts (zinc borate) , metal oxides (zinc oxide, boron oxide) , etc., or combinations thereof. These fillers have a melting point below 950℃, and can thus have the effect of assisting melting; for this reason, such fillers are also called "fluxing agents" . The addition of a fluxing agent enables the filler to melt at a lower temperature (e.g. in the early stages of thermal runaway) , and produce a denser, continuous (ceramicized) structure together with other fillers, thereby increasing the strength of the residual layer resulting from burning.
[0053] In some embodiments, the filler of length-to-diameter ratio 10 -1000 with the filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃is for example ground glass fiber, borate salt (zinc borate) , metal oxide (zinc oxide, boron oxide) , or a combination thereof, etc. These fillers can simultaneously have the abovementioned filler advantages, i.e. can melt at a lower temperature, and can increase the mechanical strength of the residual layer.
[0054] Flame retardant
[0055] According to the present disclosure, the flame retardant comprises a solid flame retardant and a liquid flame retardant. Suitable flame retardants include those flame retardants which may be as described in US2011 / 0006579 or US89058601A, e.g. halogen-containing and / or phosphorus-containing compounds, antimony oxides, boron-containing compounds, hydrated aluminum oxide or ammonium polyphosphates. It should be understood that the flame retardant according to the present disclosure comprises one or more flame retardant.
[0056] Based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the total content of the flame retardant is 28 wt%or more, 30 wt%or more. In some embodiments, based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the total content of the flame retardant is 30 wt%-50 wt%, e.g. 30 wt%-40 wt%, or 30 wt%-50 wt%.
[0057] In some embodiments, the flame retardant does not comprise an electrically conductive flame retardant such as carbon black or graphite.
[0058] In some embodiments, the flame retardant is a composition of a liquid flame retardant and a solid flame retardant.
[0059] Suitable flame retardants are selected from one or more including acid-source, carbon-source and intumescent flame retardants.
[0060] When the fire-retardant coating layer is exposed to high temperatures, an acid-source flame retardant can release non-flammable gases, such as sulfur dioxide and ammonia, to dilute the density of surrounding oxygen, and promote the formation of an expanded heat barrier layer. Suitable acid sources include but are not limited to phosphorus-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds. The phosphorus-containing compounds include phosphate salts and phosphate esters, e.g. sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate or ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) , monoammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, tris (chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) , tris (chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) , ammonium pyrophosphate, triphenyl phosphate, etc. Sulfur-containing compounds include sulfonate salts, e.g. sodium sulfonate, potassium sulfonate or sulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfate salts, e.g. sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or ammonium sulfate.
[0061] A carbon-source flame retardant will transform into carbon when heated or exposed to fire, thereby forming a fire-retardant protective layer on the substrate. It may be selected from various hydroxyl-containing hydrocarbons. Common examples include: starch, dextrin, polyfunctional alcohol, in particular monopentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol or mixtures thereof, sorbitol, resorcinol, trimethylolmelamine, triethylene glycol, phenol-formaldehyde and phenol; other hydroxyl-containing components might include certain oils, cellulose, starch, proteins, glucose, maltose, mannitol, liquid polyols with straight-chain C2 -C5, and compounds with more complex structures.
[0062] When the fire-retardant coating layer is exposed to high temperatures, an intumescent flame retardant can produce non-flammable gases, such as nitrogen and ammonia, to further dilute the density of the surrounding oxygen, and promote expansion of the fire-retardant coating layer. Suitable expanding agents include but are not limited to melamine compounds and boron-containing compounds. The melamine compounds include melamine salts, e.g. melamine cyanurate, melamine formaldehyde, hydroxymethylated melamine, hexamethoxymethylmelamine, melamine monophosphate, di (melamine phosphate) , melamine dihydrogen phosphate, etc.; boron-containing compounds include boric acid, borate salts and borate esters, e.g. ammonium pentaborate, zinc borate, sodium borate, lithium borate, aluminum borate, magnesium borate and borosilicate salts.
[0063] Suitable liquid flame retardants include (halogenated) phosphate ester flame retardants, e.g. tris (chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) , tris (chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) , triethyl phosphate (TEP) , etc.
[0064] In addition to the abovementioned components, optionally, the first component further comprises at least one chain extender and / or crosslinker, at least one diluent, at least one catalyst, at least one polymerization inhibitor and / or at least one defoamer.
[0065] Chain extender / crosslinker
[0066] In some embodiments, the first component according to the present disclosure further comprises a chain extender and / or a crosslinker. Chain extenders / crosslinkers suitable for the present disclosure have a molecular weight less than 500 g / mol, e.g. less than 400 g / mol, less than 300 g / mol, less than 200 g / mol or less than 100 g / mol.
[0067] A chain extender has two functional groups reactive to isocyanate, e.g. OH-, -SH or NH2 groups. Based on the total weight of the first component, the content of the chain extender is 5 -30 wt%, preferably 10 -25 wt%, more preferably 10 -20 wt%.
[0068] Practical examples of chain extenders include monoethylene glycol (MEG) , diethylene glycol (DEG) , 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol (DPG) , 1, 4-butanediol (BDO) , 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, cyclohexanediol and aliphatic or aromatic amine chain extenders, e.g. aliphatic or aromatic diamines such as ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine and / or diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) . Other possible chain extenders of low molecular weight are for example mentioned in “Polyurethane Handbook” , Carl Hanser Verlag, 2nd edition (1994) , Chapters 3.2 and 3.3.2. In some preferred embodiments, the chain extender is selected from monoethylene glycol (MEG) , 1, 3-propanediol (DPG) and 1, 4-butanediol (BDO) .
[0069] The crosslinker has at least three functional groups reactive to isocyanate. Practical examples of crosslinkers include 1, 2, 4-and 1, 3, 5-trihydroxycyclohexane, glycerol (GLY) , trimethylolpropane (TMP) , pentaerythritol, triethanolamine (TEOA) , diethanolamine (DEOA) and hydroxyl-containing polyoxyalkylenes of low molecular weight based on ethylene oxide and / or 1, 2-propylene oxide and the abovementioned diols and / or triols. Other possible crosslinkers of low molecular weight are for example mentioned in “Polyurethane Handbook” , Carl Hanser Verlag, 2nd edition (1994) , Chapters 3.2 and 3.3.2.
[0070] Diluent
[0071] The diluent is selected from a reactive diluent and / or a non-reactive diluent. By adding a diluent, the viscosity of the first component and the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition can be reduced effectively.
[0072] The reactive diluent is selected from styrene, C1-C10 alkyl acrylate and / or C1-C10 alkyl methacrylate; for example: hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) , hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxypentyl methacrylate, hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate or combinations thereof.
[0073] In some embodiments, a non-reactive diluent may further be added; this is selected from ester, ether or ketone compounds, and has a molecular weight less than or equal to 300 g / mol, and a viscosity of 20 -400 cps. Ester compounds are more preferred, e.g. trimethyl phosphate or triethyl phosphate (TEP) ; triethyl phosphate (TEP) is especially preferred, because it has the dual action of a diluent and a flame retardant.
[0074] Based on the total weight of the first component, the content of the diluent is 1 wt%or more, preferably 5 wt%or more.
[0075] Catalyst
[0076] In some embodiments, the first component according to the present disclosure further comprises a catalyst. Catalyst can accelerate the reaction of a polyol with an isocyanate. Practical examples of conventional catalysts used in the preparation of polyurethanes include, for example, amidines such as 2, 3-dimethyl-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine; tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylbutylenediamine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylhexylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetramethyldiaminoethyl ether, bis (dimethylaminopropyl) urea, dimethylpiperazine, 1, 2-dimethylimidazole and 1-azabicyclo (3, 3, 0) octane, preferably 1, 4-diazabicyclo (2, 2, 2) octane and alkanolamine compounds, such as triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine and N-ethyldiethanolamine and dimethylethanolamine. Similar useful catalysts include organic metal compounds, preferably organotin compounds, e.g. tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octanoate, tin (II) ethylhexanoate, tin (II) laurate; and dialkyl tin (IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate and dioctyltin diacetate; and bismuth carboxylates, such as bismuth (III) neodecanoate, bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate and bismuth octanoate or mixtures thereof. Organic metal compounds may be used alone, or preferably in combination with strongly basic amines.
[0077] In some embodiments, the catalyst is preferably a trimerization catalyst; practical examples include alkali metal carboxylate salts, alkaline earth metal carboxylate salts, quaternary ammonium carboxylate salts, or any combination thereof. Practical examples of suitable alkali metal carboxylate salts include, but are not limited to, potassium neopentanoate, potassium formate, potassium acetate, potassium propanoate, potassium butanoate, potassium pentanoate, potassium hexanoate, potassium neohexanoate, potassium heptanoate, potassium octanoate, potassium neooctanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, potassium decanoate, potassium butyrate, potassium isobutyrate, potassium nonanoate, potassium stearate, potassium neodecanoate, potassium neoheptanoate, sodium octanoate, lithium stearate, sodium hexanoate, lithium octanoate, etc., or any combination thereof. In another aspect, at least one carboxylate salt is potassium neopentanoate, potassium acetate, potassium octanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, or any combination thereof.
[0078] Defoamer
[0079] In some embodiments, the first component according to the present disclosure further comprises a defoamer. The defoamer is a compound which has surface activity and prevents or inhibits foam formation. In the present disclosure, a preferred defoamer is a polysiloxane.
[0080] By adding a defoamer, foaming of the polyurethane can be suppressed, and it is thus possible to reduce porous structures in the polyurethane coating layer and increase the density and mechanical strength of the polyurethane coating layer.
[0081] Surfactants can also be used as defoamers. Practical examples of suitable surfactants include anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactants. The surfactant may be a single surfactant, or a mixture of surfactants. In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant is non-ionic.
[0082] Foaming agent
[0083] As is known in the art, during a reaction between an isocyanate and a polyol, a foaming agent will promote the release of gas, which will form porous structures in the polyurethane coating layer. However, to increase the mechanical strength of the polyurethane coating layer and the composite material mentioned below, these porous structures are undesirable. Therefore, in some embodiments, the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure does not contain a foaming agent. Foaming agents include "physical foaming agents" , "chemical foaming agents" or combinations thereof.
[0084] The term "physical foaming agent" means a foaming agent that does not undergo a chemical reaction with the first component and the second component to provide foaming gas. The physical foaming agent may be a gas or a liquid. Liquid physical foaming agents generally evaporate when heated to form gas, and evaporate from the polyurethane elastomer obtained. Practical examples include liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) , HCFC, HFO's, pentane and all isomers thereof, acetone, entrained air, other inert gases or combinations thereof.
[0085] The term "chemical foaming agent" means a foaming agent which undergoes a chemical reaction with a polyisocyanate component or another component to release gas. Practical examples include formic acid, methyl formate, water and combinations thereof.
[0086] Polymerization inhibitor
[0087] In some embodiments, the first component according to the present disclosure further comprises a polymerization inhibitor to avoid polymerization reactions of free radicals of (meth) acrylates. Preferred polymerization inhibitors include (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxyl (TEMPO) , monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) , dihydroxy benzene, benzoquinone, hindered phenols and hindered phenols based on triazine derivatives.
[0088] The first component according to the present disclosure has a viscosity of 100 -5000 cps, e.g. 100 cps, 500 cps, 1000 cps, 2000 cps, 3000 cps, 4000 cps or 5000 cps. In some preferred embodiments, the first component has a viscosity of 100 -3000 cps, more preferably 100 -1000 cps.
[0089] Second component
[0090] As stated above, the second component according to the present disclosure comprises at least one polyisocyanate.
[0091] Polyisocyanate
[0092] The present disclosure does not limit the type of polyisocyanate, which means an organic compound containing two or more active isocyanate groups per molecule, i.e., a functionality of 2 (in which case the polyisocyanate is also known as a diisocyanate) or greater than 2. Practical examples of polyisocyanates may include any aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic and aromatic bifunctional or polyfunctional isocyanates known in the art and any required mixtures thereof. The polyisocyanate can be a monomer, prepolymer and / or polymeric isocyanate.
[0093] Practical examples of suitable polyisocyanates include, but are not limited to, aromatic isocyanates, aliphatic isocyanates, alicyclic isocyanates and araliphatic isocyanates. Practical examples of suitable polyisocyanates include tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-and / or octa-methylene diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene-1, 5-diisocyanate, 2-ethylbutylene-1, 4-diisocyanate, pentamethylene-1, 5-diisocyanate, butylene-1, 4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3, 3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI) , 1, 4-and / or 1, 3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI) , cyclohexane-1, 4-diisocyanate, 1-methylcyclohexane-2, 4-and / or 2, 6-diisocyanate and / or bicyclohexylmethane-4, 4’-, 2, 4’-and 2, 2’-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-2, 2’-, 2, 4’-and / or 4, 4’-diisocyanate (MDI) , polymeric MDI, naphthylene-1, 5-diisocyanate (NDI) , toluene-2, 4-and / or 2, 6-diisocyanate (TDI) , 3, 3’-dimethyldiphenyl diisocyanate, 1, 2-diphenylethane diisocyanate and / or phenylene diisocyanate and combinations thereof.
[0094] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanates are those with two isocyanate groups. In other embodiments, the polyisocyanate is an aromatic isocyanate. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and / or toluene diisocyanate (TDI) are especially preferred for the present disclosure.
[0095] Other possible polyisocyanates are for example given in “Kunststoffhandbuch, Band 7, Polyurethane” [Plastics handbook, Vol. 7, Polyurethanes] , Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd Edition, 1993, Chapters 3.2 and 3.3.2.
[0096] An isocyanate prepolymer can be obtained by reacting the abovementioned polyisocyanate in excess with a polyol at a temperature of, for example, 30 -100℃, preferably about 80℃. 4, 4’-MDI together with diazacyclobutanone imine modified MDI, and a commercially available polyol based on a polyester, e.g. a polyester derived from adipic acid, or a polyether, e.g. a polyether derived from ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, are preferred for producing a prepolymer used in the present disclosure. 4, 4’-MDI and a polyol derived from ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide are preferred for producing a prepolymer used in the present disclosure.
[0097] Polyols used for preparing isocyanate prepolymers are known to those skilled in the art, and for example are described in “Kunststoffhandbuch [Plastics handbook] , Vol. 7, Polyurethanes” , Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd Edition, 1993, Chapter 3.1.
[0098] Modified polyisocyanates are also generally used, i.e. products obtained by chemical reaction of organic polyisocyanates and having two or more active isocyanate groups per molecule. Worthy of special mention are polyisocyanates containing an ester group, urea group, biuret group, allophanate group, carbodiimide group, isocyanurate group, uretdione group, carbamate group and / or ethyl carbamate group.
[0099] Preferred polyisocyanates are liquid at room temperature. In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate has a viscosity of 1 -1000 cps, more preferably 100 -500 cps, measured in accordance with ASTM D2196-15 at 25℃. For example, the polyisocyanate has a viscosity of 100 cps, 200 cps, 300 cps, 400 cps or 500 cps.
[0100] Practical examples of suitable commercially available polyisocyanate compounds include M20S (from BASF) or MIPS (from BASF) .
[0101] In addition to the above components, the first component and / or the second component may further comprise at least one dehydrating agent and / or at least one flame retardant.
[0102] Dehydrating agent
[0103] As stated above, water, and water vapor contained in entrained air, will also cause porous structures to arise in the polyurethane coating layer formed. To reduce porous structures in the polyurethane coating layer, in some embodiments, the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure further comprises a dehydrating agent. The dehydrating agent can help to absorb residual water, thereby reducing the formation of porous structures that impair the mechanical properties of the polyurethane coating layer obtained.
[0104] Suitable dehydrating agents include zeolites, molecular sieves, active silanes (such as vinyltrialkoxysilanes) , minerals (such as calcium oxide) and mixtures thereof.
[0105] Other components
[0106] The polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition may further contain an aid and / or an additive. Any known aids and added substances / materials for preparing polyurethanes can be used here. Suitable practical examples include mold release agents, dyes, pigments, hydrolysis inhibitors, antifungal / antibacterial substances and stabilizers (preferably against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration) . Such substances are known and are recorded for example in “Kunststoffhandbuch, Band 7, Polyurethane” , Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition, 1993, Chapters 3.4.4 and 3.4.6 to 3.4.11.
[0107] According to the present disclosure, the mixing ratio of the first component to the second component is 0.5 : 1 to 4 : 1, e.g. 0.5 : 1, 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1 or 4 : 1.
[0108] The isocyanate index (i.e. NCO index) of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure is 200 -500, e.g. 200, 300, 400 or 500. In some preferred embodiments, the isocyanate index is 250 -400.
[0109] That is to say, when preparing the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure, the polyisocyanate and the isocyanate-reactive compound react at an isocyanate index of 200 -500, preferably 250 -400. The expression “isocyanate-reactive compound” means that the compound contains at least two groups that are reactive to isocyanate (and includes the polyol component mentioned above) . Preferably, the isocyanate-reactive compound contains active hydrogen, e.g. OH-, SH-, NH-and CH-acid groups.
[0110] II. Composite material
[0111] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a composite material is provided, comprising
[0112] a substrate; and
[0113] a polyurethane coating layer prepared from the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition as described above (for details see the first section, i.e. I. Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition) , applied to at least a portion of a surface of the substrate, the polyurethane coating layer having a thickness of 0.5 -2 mm, preferably 0.8 -1.5 mm.
[0114] The polyurethane coating layer is able to withstand (ultra) high temperatures and flame blasting, has strong fire-resistant and heat barrier performance, and can slow down the conduction of high temperatures to the surrounding environment, so as to prevent the spread of high temperatures / combustion within a certain period of time. As a result of applying a polyurethane coating layer on the substrate, the composite material can serve as a protective barrier to promptly block the spread of high temperatures produced by local thermal runaway to the surroundings.
[0115] In particular, a residual layer formed when the polyurethane coating layer is burnt by fire has good mechanical stability, and can thus continuously provide fire-resistant and heat barrier performance.
[0116] In some embodiments, the substrate may be a metal material or a resin material, i.e. the substrate may be made of a metal material, or may be made of a resin material. As a structural member of a battery product, the substrate must have a certain mechanical strength to protect internal battery elements from damage when subjected to external knocks or compression, and / or bear the weight of the internal battery elements. In addition, the substrate also has a waterproofing effect. Exemplary metal materials include aluminum alloys, iron, steel and aluminum, etc. Exemplary resin materials include polyurethanes, polyurea, epoxy resins and unsaturated resins, etc.
[0117] In some embodiments, the substrate has a thickness of 0.3 mm to 3.5 mm. In particular, when a base layer is made of a metal material, the thickness thereof is preferably 0.5 mm -2 mm, e.g. 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm or 2 mm; when the base layer is made of a resin material, the thickness thereof is preferably 1 mm -3.5 mm, e.g. 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm or 3.5 mm. As stated above, the polyurethane coating layer has excellent fire-resistant and heat barrier performance, and thus allows the substrate to have a smaller thickness, to achieve the goal of making the composite material lightweight.
[0118] In some embodiments, the polyurethane coating layer according to the present disclosure has a density of 1.2 -2.1 g / cm3.
[0119] In some embodiments, the tensile strength of the polyurethane coating layer according to the present disclosure (measured according to DIN 53504) is greater than 4 MPa; and the adhesive strength thereof (measured according to ISO 2813) is level 0.
[0120] The composite material according to the present disclosure may be prepared by the following method:
[0121] 1) providing a first component;
[0122] 2) providing a second component;
[0123] 3) mixing and reacting the first component and the second component in a certain ratio, to obtain a polyurethane liquid reaction mixture (i.e. the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition described in the first aspect above) ;
[0124] 4) applying the polyurethane liquid reaction mixture obtained in the third step to a substrate surface;
[0125] 5) curing to form a polyurethane coating layer.
[0126] III. Battery product
[0127] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a battery product is provided, at least partially coated with the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition as described in the second aspect above. Practical examples of the battery product include a battery shell, a battery unit, a battery module, a battery pack, a battery unit shell, a battery module shell, a battery pack shell, a tray, a thermal management system, a cooling module, a cooling plate, an FPC (such as a busbar) and an electrical connector, etc. Further, in some embodiments, the composite material is used as a housing of the battery product, e.g. a top cover; in some embodiments, the composite material may be simultaneously used as a top cover, a bottom plate and a side plate of the battery product.
[0128] In some embodiments, the battery product is a cell unit, comprising a housing and a bare cell located inside the housing, a material of the housing of the cell unit being the composite material as described in the second aspect above.
[0129] In some embodiments, the battery product is a battery module, comprising a housing and multiple cell units located inside the housing; practical examples of the housing include a top cover, a bottom plate and a side plate, wherein a material of at least one of the top cover, bottom plate and side plate is the composite material as described in the second aspect above.
[0130] In some embodiments, the battery product is a battery pack, comprising a housing and multiple battery modules located inside the housing; practical examples of the housing include a top cover, a bottom plate and a side plate, wherein a material of at least one of the top cover, bottom plate and side plate is the composite material as described in the second aspect above.
[0131] It should be understood that only some application scenarios of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure have been set out above as examples.
[0132] Those skilled in the art will understand that the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure may also be used in other products that require heat barrier or fire-resistant performance.
[0133] Examples
[0134] The present disclosure is now described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but these Examples and Comparative Examples are not intended to limit the present disclosure.
[0135] I. Materials:
[0136] II. Examples 1 -9 and Comparative Examples 1 -6 of composite material preparation
[0137] The materials listed under the first component are mixed in the amounts shown in Table 1 (in wt%) and added to a reaction vessel, and mixed at a speed of 1800 rpm for 3 -5 minutes until mixed evenly, to prepare the first component. The material stated under the second component is added to another reaction vessel in the amount shown in Table 1 (in wt%) , and mixed at a speed of 1800 rpm for 3 -5 minutes, to prepare the second component. The first component and the second component are mixed in proportion according to the NCO index shown in Table 1 to obtain a polyurethane reaction mixture (i.e. a polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition) .
[0138] An excess of the polyurethane reaction mixture is poured onto a surface of a steel plate (dimensions 11 x 13 cm, thickness 0.8 mm) , then a scraper (scraper gap = 1.5 mm± 0.2) is moved across the steel plate from one end to the other, thereby removing excess polyurethane reaction mixture and ensuring that the initial thickness of the coating of Examples 1 -9 is kept uniform. The steel plate then undergoes curing at 80 degrees Celsius to form a polyurethane coating layer. After curing, the thickness of the polyurethane coating layer is measured.
[0139] The preparation method for Comparative Examples 1 -6 of the composite material is the same as the preparation steps of Examples 1 -9 above, the only differences being in the formulas of the first component and the second component, which are specifically shown in Table 3.
[0140] III. Burning test
[0141] To test the fire-resistant and heat barrier performance of these composite materials, a burning test is carried out according to GB 38031-2020 (8.2.7.1) , the specific steps comprising:
[0142] ● adjusting the flame temperature to stabilize it at 1250℃;
[0143] ● marking a cross on front and back sides of composite material Examples 1 -9 and composite material Comparative Examples 1 -6 to define a burning point, and aligning a thermocouple with the burning point;
[0144] ● aligning the combustion opening of a Bunsen burner with the burning point on the side of the composite material that is coated with the polyurethane coating layer, and igniting at a perpendicular distance of 50mm from the burning point;
[0145] ● closing a fume hood, burning for 10 minutes, wherein MAPP gas (amixture of propyne and propadiene) from a combustion box pipeline is used as a gas source; recording the temperature of a composite material back plate (i.e. the side remote from the polyurethane coating layer) (see “Back plate temperature (10 min) ” in Table 2 and Table 4) .
[0146] In addition, to further measure the fire-resistant and heat barrier performance of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to the present disclosure, a 30 minute burning test is performed on the composite materials prepared in accordance with Examples 1 and 7; the specific test steps are as described above, the only difference being that burning is carried out for 30 minutes.
[0147] Table 3: Composite material Comparative Examples 1 –6
[0148] Table 4: Test results for composite material Comparative Examples 1 -6
[0149] After the polyurethane coating layer has been burnt for 10 minutes at 1250℃, a layer of carbonized structure (i.e. a "residual layer" ) will form on the surface of the steel plate, consisting mainly of filler. The strength of the residual layer and the extent of damage to an electrophoretic layer on the back of the steel plate (i.e. the other side facing away from the polyurethane coating layer) are assessed according to the following criteria:
[0150] Level 1: the residual layer is powdered, with no continuous phase, falls off easily with no external force applied, and the back electrophoretic layer is damaged (failure) .
[0151] Level 2: the residual layer is powdered, with a continuous phase, the carbon layer can be easily damaged when touched lightly, and there is no damage to the back electrophoretic layer. +
[0152] Level 3: the residual layer is not powdered, with a continuous phase, the surface is uneven, the carbon layer can be damaged by pressing with the finger, and there is no damage to the back electrophoretic layer. ++
[0153] Level 4: the residual layer is not powdered, with a continuous phase and a smooth surface, the carbon layer is continuous and is not damaged when pressed with the finger, and there is no damage to the back electrophoretic layer. +++
[0154] As shown in Table 3, after ultra-high temperature burning at 1250℃ for 10 minutes, the residual layers formed in Examples 1 -9 are all Level 3 or above, i.e. the residual layers are not damaged and are structurally intact, and are therefore able to continuously provide fire-resistant and heat barrier performance and prevent the diffusion of gases. This is especially advantageous for battery products; in particular, when thermal runaway occurs inside a battery product, the application of the polyurethane coating layer of the present disclosure to a housing of the battery product enables fire-resistant and heat barrier performance to be provided continuously, lowering the risk of further combustion.
[0155] Secondly, since the residual layer itself is not flammable and has a low thermal conductivity, the residual layer is also capable of weakening heat conduction. As shown in Table 3, the back plate temperature (10 min) is lower than 265℃ for each of Examples 1 -9, showing that all of the composite materials according to the present disclosure have good fire-resistant and heat barrier performance. In comparison, the back plate temperatures for Comparative Examples 1 -6 are all 388℃ or higher. Furthermore, after the composite materials of Examples 1 and 7 were burned at 1250℃ for 30 minutes, the back plate temperatures thereof were 323℃ and 268℃, still much lower than the back plate temperatures (10 min) for Comparative Examples 1 -6.
[0156] In addition, visual inspection showed that the back electrophoretic layers of composite material Examples 1 -9 were all undamaged. This is a further indication that all of the composite materials according to the present disclosure have good fire-resistant and heat barrier performance, and are able to protect the back electrophoretic layer from damage; and it can thus be ensured that the composite materials are electrically insulating. When the composite material is use in a battery product for a motor vehicle, this is especially advantageous.
[0157] In comparison, as Table 4 shows, the residual layers formed after the polyurethane coating layers of Comparative Examples 1 -6 are burned at 1250℃ for 10 minutes are Level 1; that is, these residual layers are powdered with no continuous phase, fall off easily with no external force applied, and the back electrophoretic layer is damaged by the impact of high temperature.
[0158] The basic principles and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is merely intended to explain the present disclosure, which is not limited by the embodiments above. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, the present disclosure may also have various changes and improvements, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
Claims
1. Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, obtained by reacting at least the following components:a first component, comprisingat least one polyether polyol;at least one filler F; andat least one flame retardant; anda second component, comprising at least one polyisocyanate;characterized in that, based on the total weight of alkylene oxide in the polyether polyol, the polyether polyol comprises at least 10 wt%ethylene oxide;based on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the content of the flame retardant is 30 wt%or more; andbased on the total weight of the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition, the content of the filler F is 18 wt%-40 wt%; further, based on the total weight of the filler F, the filler F comprises at least 20 wt%of a filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃.2.Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that based on the total weight of the filler F, the filler F comprises at least 50 wt%of a filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃.
3. Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition has an isocyanate index of 200 -500, preferably 250 -400.4.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polyether polyol has an average functionality of 2 -4; and the polyol has a number average molecular weight of 1000 -10000 g / mol, preferably 2000 -6000 g / mol.5.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the filler F is one or more selected from the following: nitrides, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, ceramics, and / or mineral salts.6.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the filler F is one or more selected from the following: mica, talc, clay, calcium magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, calcium silicate, barium sulfate, silica, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, hollow glass, ceramic microspheres, vermiculite, diatomite, wollastonite, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, basalt fiber and / or silicate salts.7.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the filler F1 with a melting point below 950℃ is one or more selected from glass powder, glass fiber, borate salts and metal oxides.8.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flame retardant is one or more selected from acid-source flame retardants, carbon-source flame retardants and intumescent flame retardants.9.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first component further comprises a chain extender, a crosslinker, a catalyst, a polymerization inhibitor and / or a defoamer.10.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition further comprises a dehydrating agent.11.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition does not contain a foaming agent.12.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing ratio of the first component to the second component is 0.5 : 1 to 4 : 1.13.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Composite material, comprisinga substrate; anda polyurethane coating layer prepared from the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, applied to at least a portion of a surface of the substrate, the polyurethane coating layer having a thickness of 0.5 -2 mm, preferably 0.8 -1.5 mm.14.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Composite material according to Claim 12, characterized in that the polyurethane coating layer has a density of 1.2 -2.1 g / cm3.15.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Composite material according to Claim 13, characterized in that according to DIN 53504, the polyurethane coating layer has a tensile strength greater than 4 MPa.16.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Composite material according to Claim 13, characterized in that according to ISO2813, the adhesive strength of the polyurethane coating layer is level 0.17.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Battery product, characterized in that the battery product is at least partially coated with the polyurethane fire-retardant coating composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 11.18.[Rectified under Rule 91, 22.05.2025]Battery product according to Claim 16, characterized in that the battery product is a battery shell, a battery unit, a battery module, or a battery pack.