Renewable gasoline blends

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a blended fuel composition comprising 1% - 100% renewable gasoline wherein the renewable gasoline meets all applicable ASTM D4814 specifications. The blended fuel composition after appropriate oxygenate blending has a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of at least 85, or at least 87. The renewable content can be from renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline, renewable iso-octane or alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate or bioformate, bio-naphthas, and any mixture thereof.

Description

Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) RENEWABLE GASOLINE BLENDS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application having the Serial Number 63 / 633,674 filed on April 12, 2024, which application is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates to a blended fuel composition containing renewable gasoline. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Key challenges to overcome in creating renewable gasoline blends meeting ASTM D4814 standards include water, distillation profile, and octane.

[0004] In the instance of water, renewable feedstocks typically contain a significant fraction of oxygen in their molecular structure. As these renewable feedstocks are processed into hydrocarbons for use in renewable gasoline, the oxygen atoms in the feedstocks react with hydrogen and become water molecules – often in significant proportions relative to the fuel. Water management systems, while already important in petroleum processing take on additional importance for renewable materials processing, especially in the case of renewable gasoline materials, due to the overlap in the boiling range of gasoline materials and water – making water more challenging to remove than in the case of renewable diesel, for instance.

[0005] In the instance of distillation profile, it is critical for renewable gasoline to achieve a distillation profile similar in its characteristics to petroleum-based gasoline’s distillation profile, in order to maintain operability with a wide range of vehicle technologies, from carburetors to port fuel injection to direct injection. As renewable materials do not natively possess a distillation profile similar to finished gasoline, new processes and techniques must be developed to enable the creation of drop-in renewable gasolines.

[0006] In the instance of octane, some renewable feedstocks, particularly lipids, naturally yield a distribution of molecules with a lower octane rating than from equivalent petroleum processing. This creates a challenge for achieving a fuel that meets all D4814 specifications, as well as simultaneouslyAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) meeting market octane specifications, while also containing significant fractions of renewable materials in the blended fuel.

[0007] The three aforementioned challenges limit the feasibility of producing commercial grade gasolines with high renewable contents while simultaneously meeting U.S. gasoline specifications & standards.

[0008] Additionally, over the last 10-15 years, the light-duty passenger vehicle market in the United States (and abroad) has experienced a substantial shift in how gasoline fuel is delivered into an engine's combustion chamber. The shift from port- (where fuel and air are mixed external to the combustion chamber) to direct-fuel injection (i.e. fuel is introduced directly into the combustion chamber) was driven by automotive OEMs desire to improve power density and efficiency in gasoline engines. While these benefits have been largely realized, one challenge that has persisted is the propensity for higher particulate emissions, a regulated exhaust constituent. In direct-injection engine designs, a myriad of factors can impact particulate emissions including, for example, less time for air-fuel mixing, liquid fuel impacting combustion chamber surfaces, fuel deposits degrading injector spray droplet-atomization processes, as well as gasoline fuel composition.

[0009] In a 2010 paper, Honda Motor Co. described a method for describing the tendency for a gasoline fuel to produce particulate matter emissions when burned in a spark-ignition (Otto) engine. This index is known as the Particulate Matter Index, or PMI. PMI was initially developed by Honda as a way to assess a fuel's propensity for particulate matter formation, as well as comparing fuels to each other. Though not absolute in its ability to predict particulate emissions across all vehicle-fuel combinations, PMI has become, by default, a good predictor of a fuel's particulate formation potential in many circumstances.

[0010] The application pertains in some embodiments to a blended fuel composition containing 1% - 100% renewable gasoline wherein the renewable gasoline meets all applicable ASTM D4814 (Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel), and for embodiments including greater than 15% by volume ethanol, ASTM D7794 (Standard Practice for Blending Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles with Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines) specifications, as well as having a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of at least 85, and inAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) some embodiments at least 87, when blended into a finished fuel, as well as meeting applicable U.S. gasoline standards.

[0011] The application pertains in some embodiments to a method for producing a gasoline that meets U.S specifications with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline by combining at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four or more of a blendstock selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline, renewable iso-octane (also referred to herein as renewable alkylate), renewable reformate or bioformate, renewable LPG, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, or any mixture thereof. Additionally, each of these materials could be 100% renewable derived or alternatively could be produced through a co-processing scenario in conjunction with petroleum derived materials, leading to individual blendstocks that contain 1 – 99% renewable content.

[0012] The application pertains in some embodiments to a blended fuel composition comprising 1% - 100 % of a renewable blendstock selected from one, or two, or three, or four or more of the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, or any mixture thereof.

[0013] The application pertains in some embodiments to a method for producing a fuel with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline by blending one, or two, or three, or four or more of a renewable component selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable LPG, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate with up to 30% ethanol, or any mixture thereof.

[0014] The application pertains in some embodiments to a blended fuel composition containing 1% - 100% of a renewable blendstock selected from one, or two, or three, or four, of the groupAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane, renewable LPG, renewable alkylate, or any mixture thereof and up to 30% ethanol.

[0015] Additionally, renewable gasoline blend mixtures described herein have been found to have additional benefits beyond their ability to increase renewable content and decrease carbon intensity of gasoline products. Specifically, the blended fuel compositions described herein have been found to impart the additional benefit of lowering gasoline engine particulate matter emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] FIG 1 is a graph of renewable content in the renewable gasoline blend BOB (before oxygenate blending).

[0017] FIG.2 shows representative useful ranges of renewable components that may be employed in blended fuel compositions.

[0018] FIG.3 shows distillation profiles of various examples prior to oxygenate blending.

[0019] FIG.4 shows an embodiment of the present application wherein blended fuel compositions comprising one or more renewable components have distillation profiles that falls within the solid bold lines when distilled according to ASTM D86-17.

[0020] FIG.5 shows an embodiment of the present application wherein blended fuel compositions comprising one or more renewable components have distillation profiles that falls within the solid bold lines when distilled according to ASTM D86-17.

[0021] FIG.6 shows an embodiment of the present application wherein blended fuel compositions comprising one or more renewable components have a distillation profiles that falls within the solid bold lines when distilled according to ASTM D86-17.

[0022] Fig. 7 shows that employing more than one renewable component increases the total renewable content that may be employed in a gasoline that is compliant with D4814. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] Herein is described a method for producing a gasoline with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline by combining a blendstock selected from at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least fourAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) or more of the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate, bioformate, bio-naphthas derived from one or more up to all of the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, or any mixture thereof. A preferred embodiment is a method for producing a fuel with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline by blending a renewable component selected from at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four or more of the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate or bioformate, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis- derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, or any mixture thereof also blended with up to 30% ethanol, preferably 10% - 15% ethanol.

[0024] An embodiment is a blended fuel composition comprising 1% - 100% of a renewable blendstock selected from at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four or more of the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate or bioformate, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced fromAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, or any mixture thereof. A blended fuel composition comprising 1% - 100% of a renewable blendstock selected from at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four or more of the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate or bioformate, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, or any mixture thereof and up to 30 % ethanol, preferably 10% - 15% ethanol.

[0025] In other embodiments the blended fuel compositions of the instant application typically do not include significant amounts of ethers (or bio-ethers) such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) or methyl tert-buty ether (MTBE). As such, in some embodiments there are no measurable amounts of ETBE or MTBE in the blended fuel compositions. In some embodiments the blended fuel compositions of the instant application meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM D4814-22 and / or ASTM D4814-24b, and ASTM D7794 and / or fail to meet the requirements of DIN EN 228. Moreover, the approaches described here wherein a curated selection of renewable gasoline blendstocks are mixed into a final product will advantageously accommodate minor specification changes.

[0026] The renewable blendstock compositions as described herein yield advantages in balancing octane, distillation, as well as distribution of constituent molecules across the classes of hydrocarbons including but not limited to paraffins, isoparaffins, cycloalkanes, olefins, and aromatics. While octane is a common deficit of renewable materials in the gasoline range, vapor pressure can often be advantaged relative to gasoline, allowing flexibility to include higher-octane petroleum-derived components to achieve targets.

[0027] Additionally, the renewable blendstocks as presented herein solve a key challenge associated with blending renewable materials into a gasoline-like mixture, specifically implementingAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) renewable gasoline in a manner that would meet existing regulations. Specifically, the blendstocks as described herein do not result in sub-octane gasoline, or gasoline that uses classes of materials that are prohibited in the U.S., such as unapproved oxygenates, or banned oxygenates, such as certain ethers. Further, the present invention demonstrates how the intentional combination of certain property-advantaged renewable gasoline blendstocks can be used to produce specification-compliant renewable gasoline blends, with up to 100% renewable content. The renewable gasoline blendstocks described here represent a narrow set of all renewable blendstocks, with the majority of renewable blendstocks not being suitable for use above de-minimus fractions in a compliant, renewable gasoline blend BOB or finished renewable gasoline blend. Examples of renewable materials that may not be suitable for use (at least not in more than de minimus amounts) in the renewable gasoline blend BOB described in the present invention include the following which are generally not present in significant amounts in the BOB blends described here: • Unprocessed lipid feedstocks (soybean oil, canola oil, tallow, used cooking oil): Oxygen containing, low thermal stability, low octane, outside of gasoline volatility range causing failure of Final Boiling Point specifications. • Renewable Diesel: Low octane number, outside of gasoline volatility range causing failure of Final Boiling Point specifications. • Biodiesel: Oxygen containing, low octane number, lower thermal stability, outside causing failure of Final Boiling Point specifications. • Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Low octane number, majority or significant fraction of material falling outside of the gasoline boiling range causing failure of Final Boiling Point specifications. • Ethers and bio-derived ethers, including Oxymethylene Ethers: Oxygen containing, in some cases low octane, often with toxicity and handling challenges. • Furans and bio-derived furans and furan-rich mixtures: Oxygen containing, oxidative stability challenges. • Pyrolysis and fast-pyrolysis oils or naphthas which have not been further upgraded to remove all oxygen: Thermal and oxidative stability challenges, oxygen containing, material may fall outside the gasoline boiling range causing failure of Final Boiling Point specifications.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) • Oils and naphthas derived from hydrothermal liquefaction which have not been further upgraded to remove all oxygen: Thermal and oxidative stability challenges, oxygen containing, material may fall outside the gasoline boiling range causing failure of Final Boiling Point specifications. • Alcohols and bio-derived alcohols: Oxygen containing, material compatibility concerns.

[0028] Oxygen containing materials are usually not very suitable for use in the renewable gasoline blend BOB described here and are generally not included in significant (or any) amounts. Renewable gasoline blend BOBs are designed for transport and distribution utilizing infrastructure, primarily pipelines, which were designed to handle hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon mixtures. The introduction of oxygenates to these systems, particularly those in the gasoline boiling range, can pose a number of challenges to this infrastructure. One common challenge is the miscibility and solubility of many oxygenates, such as ethanol, with water. This can lead to water contamination issues affecting both the product and the pipeline. A second challenge is material compatibility challenges arising from the inclusion of oxygenated materials. Fuel handling infrastructure and systems were often designed to handle hydrocarbon mixtures, and the introduction of oxygenated molecules to these systems can often lead to seal swelling, seal shrinkage, and corrosion or failure of various metals, rubbers, and plastics employed by these systems. Finally, oxygenates can present contamination challenges in the case of infrastructure which handles aviation turbine fuels, which includes many pipelines in the United States. Aviation turbine fuels are particularly intolerant of contamination with oxygenates from other products transported using the same infrastructure. These three issues combined have traditionally prevented the use of (or allowed for only in negligible amounts) oxygenated molecules in gasoline or renewable gasoline BOBs.

[0029] Regarding the list of materials which are generally unsuitable for use in the renewable gasoline blend BOB described here, some of these materials, specifically the alcohols, may not be suitable for used in the renewable gasoline BOB, but may be suitable for use in the oxygenate blending, which occurs downstream in the distribution system, at fuel terminals, after the BOB has been transported by pipeline to a fuel terminal near its point of final utilization. In the United States, ethanol is the most commonly used oxygenate blendstock for blending with gasoline, and is appropriate for use in blending with the renewable gasoline blends described in this application. OtherAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) alcohols may also be suitable for oxygenate blending, either individually or in conjunction with ethanol, given appropriate care and caution, and appropriate regulatory approval. This would include both alcohols of molecular weight lower than ethanol, such as methanol, as well as alcohols of molecular weight higher than ethanol, such as propanols, butanols, prenols, and other alcohols in the C3 – C6 carbon number range. Additionally, aromatic alcohols in the C6 – C10 carbon number range could also potentially be suitable for oxygenate blending purposes, with appropriate care and precaution.

[0030] The blendstock compositions described herein present the use of up to 100% renewable FCC blendstock, demonstrating the practical utility of renewable FCC blendstock, by formulating renewable gasoline blends suitable and certified for on-road use with significant fractions (up to 50%) of this material. Renewable FCC gasoline is commonly produced by feeding lipid feedstocks commonly referred to as fats, oils, and greases (FOG) to an FCC processing unit. The FCC unit is typically advantaged in that it can tolerate a wide variety of feedstocks without upsetting the basic FCC process. This allows lipid feedstocks, which are primarily composed of triglycerides and free fatty acids, can originate from a wide variety of sources, ranging from seed or vegetable oils, to rendered materials (e.g., tallow, lard, or poultry fat), to recovered or used cooking oils, algal oils, or greases (e.g., yellow or brown greases) to be fed to the FCC, with minimal to no impact on the FCC gasoline that is produced. This has the advantage of allowing the feedstocks cost, availability, carbon intensity, and even renewable content to be optimized without significantly impacting operation of the production facility. Further, on road testing indicated no deficits relative to conventional gasoline, in terms of driveability, performance, misfires, fuel economy, or deposit formation.

[0031] An embodiment of the invention is the use of oxygenated octane enhancers from cellulosic feedstocks within the renewable blendstock composition described herein. In addition to the conventional hydrocarbon and oxygenated renewable gasoline blendstocks, the potential for cellulosic-derived renewable gasoline materials, potentially containing oxygenated molecules with high octane test ratings, exists and could be incorporated into the present invention if said oxygenates were eventually approved by Federal, State, and Local Governments.

[0032] The term "comprises" as used herein is intended to indicate that as a minimum the recited components are included but that other components that are not specified may also be included asAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) well.

[0033] The liquid fuel compositions herein may comprise a naphtha. The person skilled in the art would know what is meant by the term "naphtha". Typically, the term "naphtha" means a mixture of hydrocarbons generally having between 4 and 12 carbon atoms and having a boiling point in the range of 30 to 200° C. The term naphtha is inclusive of both light naphtha generally having between 4 and 7 carbon atoms and having a boiling point in the range of 30 to 100° C and heavy naphtha generally having between 8 and 12 carbon atoms and having a boiling point in the range of 100 to 200° C. The liquid fuel compositions herein comprise a naphtha which is a renewable naphtha, also known as a renewable naphtha distillate, or biorenewable naphtha. In the liquid fuel compositions herein, the renewable naphtha component of the present invention may include a mixture of two or more renewable naphthas. This could also include a renewable naphtha derived from the ketopyrolysis process, which has been further hydrotreated in order to remove carryover oxygenated molecules, including ketones. Renewable naphthas derived from different production processes often vary in key parameters, such as volatility, molecule weight distribution, constituent hydrocarbon classes; they will also vary in their properties, such as octane ratings. These differences often necessitate treating each source of renewable naphtha as unique to one another, when considered in the context of renewable gasoline blends.

[0034] By the term renewable naphtha as used herein is meant a naphtha fraction which contains bio-based carbon atoms as determined according to ASTM method D6866-l O entitled "Standard Test Methods for Determining the Bio based Content of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous samples using Radiocarbon Analysis". The renewable content may then be determined by isotopic distribution involving 14C, 13C and / or 12C as described in ASTM D6866.

[0035] The renewable naphtha component of the present invention can be prepared according to the methods provided in international patent applications WO2018 / 069137, WO2018 / 234187, WO2009 / 148909, U.S. Patent No. 9,885,000B2, or U.S. Patent Publications 2009 / 0300971A1 and 2023 / 0227742A1, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. These references also provide further details of the chemical and physical properties of the renewable naphtha component.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385)

[0036] A further embodiment is the blended fuel composition as described here meet all applicable ASTM D4814-22 (Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel which is incorporated herein by reference) specifications, as well as having a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of at least 85, or at least 87. The percentages expressed below are all v / v unless stated otherwise. Renewable blendstocks that comprise the composition are (a) renewable naphtha 0% - 40%; preferably 29% - 35%; or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 25%, or at least about 27.5% up to about 40%, or up to about 35%, or up to about 30%, or up to about 25%; (b) renewable FCC gasoline: 0 – 65.0%; or at least about 1%, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 20%, or at least about 30%, or at least about 40% up to about 65%, or up to about 50%, or up to about 40%, or up to about 30%; (c) renewable alkylate from 0 up to 60%, preferably 29%; or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 20%, or at least about 25%, or at least about 35% up to about 60%, or up to about 50%, up to about 40%, or up to about 30%, or up to about 27.5%, or up to about 25%, or up to about 20%, or up to about 10%; (d) renewable LPG: 0 – 15%; or at least about 1%, or at least about 2%, or at least about 3%, or at least about 4%, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10% up to about 15%, or up to about 12.5%, or up to about 7.5%, or up to about 4%; (e) renewable naphtha from ketopyrolysis: 0% - 40%, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 25%, or at least about 27.5% up to about 40%, or up to about 35%, or up to about 30%, or up to about 27.5%, or up to about 25%; and (f) ethanol: 0 – 50%; or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 25%, or at least about 27.5%, or at least about 30% up to about 50%, or up to about 40%, or up to about 30%, or up to about 27.5%, or up to about 25%, or up to about 20%; to create renewable gasoline blends ranging from 1 – 100% renewable content, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 20%, or at least about 25%, or at least about 30%, or at least about 40%, or at least about 50% up to about 99%, or up to about 90%, or up to about 80%, or up to about 70%, or up to about 60%, or up to about 50% renewable content. In some embodiments, renewable blendstocks that comprise the composition may comprise or additionally include renewable iso-octane, renewable reformate or bioformate, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivativesAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, or any mixture thereof each in amounts of 0% - 40%, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 25%, or at least about 27.5%, or at least about 30% up to about 40%, or up to about 35%, or up to about 30%, or up to about 27.5%, or up to about 25%

[0037] The balance of material, if any, may be petroleum-derived gasoline components, including, for example, one or more up to all of the following: alkylate, reformate: 0 – 60%, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 20%, or at least about 30% up to about 60%, or up to about 50%, or up to about 40%, or up to about 30%; toluene: 0 – 20.0%, or at least about 1%, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 12%, up to about 20%, or up to about 18%, or up to about 15%, or up to about 10%; FCC gasoline: 0 – 30%, or at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 15%, or at least about 20% up to about 30%, or up to about 25%, or up to about 20%, or up to about 15%, or up to about 10%; hydrobate: 0 – 10%, or at least about 1%, or at least about 2%, or at least about 3%, or at least about 4% up to about 10%, or up to about 8%, or up to about 7%, or up to about 6%, or up to about 5%;, pentanes, butanes.

[0038] Preferred embodiments of renewable blended fuel compositions, such as the following that meet ASTM D4814 requirements, and / or current U.S. Conventional Gasoline standards with a minimum Anti-Knock Index of 85 or 87 include, but are not limited to: a. 0 – 12% renewable naphtha, 0 - 30.6% renewable alkylate, 0 – 50.0% renewable FCC gasoline, remainder petroleum derived components and meeting a minimum octane rating of 85 AKI or above. This embodiment contains a negligible amount of or 0% ethanol. b. 0-25.9% renewable naphtha, 10% ethanol, remainder petroleum derived components and meeting a minimum octane rating of 85 AKI or above. c. 0 – 22.7% renewable naphtha, 0 – 28.6% renewable alkylate, 0 – 32.4% renewable FCC gasoline, 0 – 6.3% renewable LPG, 10% ethanol, remainder petroleum derived components and meeting a minimum octane rating of 85 AKI or above. d. 0 – 29.8% renewable naphtha, 0 – 22.5% renewable alkylate, 0 – 34.0 renewable FCC gasoline, 0 – 1.7% renewable LPG, 15% ethanol, remainder petroleum derived components, and meeting a minimum octane rating of 85 AKI or above.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) e. 0 – 14.5% renewable naphtha, 0 – 30% renewable FCC gasoline, 25% ethanol

[0039] The blended fuel compositions described here may optionally include additional fuel additives known to one of skill in the art as a blending component including by way of non-limiting examples antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dehazers, antiknock additives, metal deactivators, valve-seat recession protectant compounds, dyes, solvents, carrier fluids, diluents and markers.

[0040] A further embodiment of the invention is achieving a renewable gasoline blend that possesses properties as meeting all D4814 specifications, including but not limited to hydrocarbon class distribution, including by carbon number, distillation curve of the sample, impurities in the sample, performance of the sample, including octane, oxidative stability, or deposit forming tendency, color, clarity, or haze, and that are chemically indistinguishable from a conventional gasoline. Specifically, this means that if a renewable gasoline blend sample were presented to a chemist who is skilled in the art of analyzing gasoline samples, they would have no indication that they were handling a sample of renewable gasoline or renewable gasoline blend, unless ASTM D6866 were performed to quantify the biological carbon content.

[0041] A further embodiment is formulating fuels based on renewable content or carbon intensity reduction. While renewable gasoline can be formulated to meet all applicable Federal, State, and local requirements, it can also be advantageous for renewable gasoline to be blended based on other requirements as well, such as the renewable content, or the carbon intensity. For instance, sometimes it is desirable to achieve a certain fraction of renewable material for customer satisfaction or to meet the requirements of a regulatory program or an RFP. Other times, it may be necessary to achieve a certain carbon intensity reduction, similarly either for customer satisfaction, regulatory consideration, or proposal requirement. Either renewable content or carbon intensity of the blend can be set as objectives for a holistic approach to developing the fuel formulation. Further, both renewable content and carbon intensity parameters can be considered simultaneously, in conjunction with all other gasoline parameters laid out in D4814, as well as additional Local, State, or Federal requirements that go beyond those in D4814, for an overall holistic gasoline formulation that simultaneously meets many requirements. Finally, all said parameters can be simultaneously considered along with the totalAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) economic cost or impact of the blend, allowing a holistic fuel formulation that does not narrowly focus on a single parameter, such as renewable content. One or more steps up to all steps of the following example procedure could be used: 1. Choose renewable content and / or carbon intensity target for the finished renewable gasoline blend product. 2. Determine appropriate minimum octane rating for the market that the finished renewable gasoline blend will be sold in. 3. Determine the appropriate distillation curve and volatility parameters the renewable gasoline blend BOB must adhere to, from D4814 Table 1. 4. Choose the renewable gasoline blendstocks that will be utilized in the blend, holistically assessing the volatility characteristics (distillation curve and vapor pressure) and octane ratings of each material. 5. Choose the appropriate ethanol content for the finished fuel blend (after oxygenate blending) based on market standards, distribution infrastructure and station compatibility, and local limits. 6. Estimate the octane bump that will be achieved after oxygenate blending. 7. Holistically considering both octane and volatility characteristics, choose blending rates of each renewable gasoline blendstock, and each petroleum-derived gasoline blendstock (if any). 8. Test the resulting mixture using ASTM D86 and D5191 methods for volatility characteristics. 9. Add ethanol to achieve the chosen ethanol blending level, then test the octane ratings of the mixture using ASTM D2699 and D2700 methods. 10. Determine whether the renewable gasoline blend BOB has met the volatility and distillation limits that have been tested. Determine whether the resulting blend after oxygenate blending has met the required octane thresholds. 11. If the two mixtures have not met all thresholds, holistically evaluate the blend in the context of these thresholds, and vary the blend recipe to either improve octane performance, or to alter the distillation curve and volatility to achieve the required thresholds.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) 12. Once the blend has met the octane, volatility, and distillation requirements, further assess the blend holistically against all other ASTM D4814 limits. 13. In cases where a limit or requirement of the D4814 standard is not met, first attempt to modify the petroleum derived portion of the blend, if any, to achieve the limit. If this is not possible, then trade-off ratios of renewable gasoline blendstocks until the limit is met. 14. If all D4814 parameters cannot be met simultaneously, holistically assess the blend in the context of the renewable blendstocks, and assess the renewable content threshold and / or carbon intensity threshold that was chosen in Step 1. It may be the case that in order to achieve the chosen renewable content and or carbon intensity targets simultaneously, an additional renewable gasoline blendstock is required to avoid a limiting characteristic of the blend. Depending on the availability of additional renewable gasoline blendstocks, tradeoffs between the carbon intensity, renewable content, and finished product specifications may be required.

[0042] The terms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include plural alternatives, e.g., at least one. The terms “including”, “with”, and “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language), unless specified otherwise.

[0043] When Applicant discloses or claims a range of any type, Applicant's intent is to disclose or claim individually each possible number that such a range could reasonably encompass, including end points of the range as well as any sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges encompassed therein, unless otherwise specified. Numerical end points of ranges disclosed herein are approximate, unless excluded by proviso.

[0044] Values, ranges, or features may be expressed herein as “about”, from “about” one particular value, and / or to “about” another particular value. When such values, or ranges are expressed, other embodiments disclosed include the specific value recited, from the one particular value, and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that there are a number of values disclosed therein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as “about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. In another aspect, use of the term “about” means ±20% of the stated value, ±15% of the statedAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) value, ±10% of the stated value, ±5% of the stated value, ±3% of the stated value, or ±1% of the stated value.

[0045] Although embodiments described herein are made with reference to example embodiments, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications are well within the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the example embodiments described herein are not limited to any specifically discussed application and that the embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. From the description of the example embodiments, equivalents of the elements shown therein will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and ways of constructing other embodiments using the present disclosure will suggest themselves to practitioners of the art. Therefore, the scope of the example embodiments is not limited herein. Examples

[0046] A renewable gasoline blend comprising renewable naphtha and pentane, as well as a petroleum-based heavy reformate stream demonstrated lower particulate emissions relative to a US- market conventional gasoline. The 150-hr test primarily consisted of running a series of EPA regulatory drive cycles (FTP, HWFE, and US06) in a loop repeated 130 times. Specifically, reductions in particulate emissions of 75% and 64% were observed across HWFE and US06 cycles, respectively. Further, the renewable gasoline blend had a PMI of ~2.2 (compared to the conventional gasoline PMI of ~1.4) suggesting a higher particulate formation potential. Interestingly, post-test deposit rating indicated negligible differences in deposit levels between the renewable gasoline blend and conventional fuel further suggesting that the results were dominated by differences in fuel compositions.

[0047] Additionally, during vehicle testing, similar reductions in particulate emissions were observed across the HWFE and US06 cycles. Specifically, average reductions (9 tests across two days) in particulate emissions across the HWFE cycle of ~44% were achieved. Likewise, in the US06 cycle, average reductions of 59% were observed.

[0048] Various renewable gasoline blends were formulated having the components and amounts shown in the table below wherein BOB indicates “before oxygenate blending”, e.g., prior to addition of any ethanol.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) Fuel Blend1 2 3 4 5 6hed l 6028Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) Fuel Blend 7 8 9 10 11 12ed l 4791Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385)Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385)

[0049] The renewable gasoline blends in the table above were subjected to numerous tests to determine their properties and suitability. The results are shown in the table below.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) 12 3 4 5 6Finished Finished Finished Finished Finished Finished BOB BOB BOB BOB BOB BOB Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel 40 2644931359218Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) 7 89 10 11 12Finished Finished Finished Finished Finished Finished BOB BOB BOB BOB BOB Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel 40.365825012745Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) 13 14 15 16Finished Finished Finished Finished BOB BOB BOB BOB lble components at least meet or exceed ASTM D4814-22 specifications. Renewable components may comprise from at least 1%, or at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% up to 100% of the blended fuelAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) composition. The blended fuel composition may comprise at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four or more different renewable component feedstocks.

[0051] Figure 2 shows representative useful ranges of renewable components that may be employed in blended fuel compositions.

[0052] Figure 3 shows distillation profiles of various examples described above prior to oxygenate blending.

[0053] Figures 4, 5, and 6 each show an embodiment of the present application wherein a blended fuel composition comprising one or more renewable components has a distillation profile that falls within the solid bold lines when distilled according to ASTM D86-17. Such compositions generally meet a minimum of 85 and / or meet a minimum of 87 AKI octane rating after oxygenate blending, if any. Figure 4 generally corresponds to embodiment 19 described below while Figure 5 generally corresponds to Embodiment 20 and Figure 6 generally corresponds to Embodiment 21 below.

[0054] Suitable blended fuel compositions comprising one, or two, or three, or four, or more renewable components include those that exhibit ASTM D86-17 Distillation cuts shown in the following chart: Preferred Preferred Preferred rAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385)

[0055] The examples and data above show that increasing the number of renewable gasoline blendstocks, i.e., renewable components facilitates being able to incorporate a higher amount of overall renewable content into a gasoline that meets or exceeds the requirements of ASTM D4814. This is shown in, for example, Figure 7. For example, using one renewable blendstock one may achieve up to about 50% renewable content, using two different renewable blendstocks one may achieve up to about 80% renewable content, and using three, four or more different renewable blendstocks one may achieve up to about 90, or up to about 95, or up to about 100% renewable content in a gasoline that meets all applicable ASTM D4814 specifications and after appropriate oxygenate blending (E0, E10, E15, E20, E25, etc.) has a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of 87, or in some less common cases where allowed (such as the Mountain States), an 85 AKI rating. EMBODIMENTS 1. A blended fuel composition comprising 1% - 100% renewable gasoline wherein the renewable gasoline before oxygenate blending meets all applicable ASTM D4814 specifications and after appropriate oxygenate blending (E0, E10, E15, E20, E25, etc.) has a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of 87, or in some less common cases where allowed (such as the Mountain States), an 85 AKI rating. 2. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 1, wherein the renewable blendstock is selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate renewable reformate or bioformate, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis- derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded. Additionally, each of these materials could be 100% renewable derived or alternatively could be produced through a co-processing scenario in conjunction with petroleum derived materials, leading to individual blendstocks that contain 1 – 99% renewable content. and ethanol.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) 3. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 2, comprising (a) renewable naphtha 1% - 40%; (b) renewable FCC gasoline: 0 – 65.0%; (c) renewable alkylate up to 60%, (d) renewable LPG: 0 – 15%; renewable naphtha from ketopyrolysis 0 – 40%; ethanol 0 – 35%, renewable reformate or bioformate 0 – 60%, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks 0 – 40%, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded 0 – 40%, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded 0 – 40%. 4. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises at least about 25% renewable naphtha. 5. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises at least about 25% renewable alkylate. 6. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises at least about 25% renewable naphtha and at least about 25% renewable alkylate. 7. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 1, wherein the blended fuel composition has a minimum octane rating of at least 87 AKI. 8. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 1, wherein the blended fuel composition comprises (a) renewable naphtha 1% - 30%; (b) renewable FCC gasoline: 0 – 50.0%; (c) renewable alkylate up to 60%, (d) renewable LPG: 0 – 6.3%; renewable naphtha from ketopyrolysis 0 – 30%; and ethanol 0 – 30%. 9. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 8, comprising (a) renewable naphtha 29 % - 30 (b) renewable alkylate 29%. 10. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 8, wherein the ethanol is from 1 to 15%. 11. The blended fuel composition of any one of embodiments 8 to 10 further comprising an oxygenated octane enhancers from cellulosic feedstocks. 12. A method for producing a gasoline with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline comprising blending a blendstock selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate, ethanol and oxygenated octaneAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) enhancers from cellulosic feedstocks. 13. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the ethanol is 1 to 30%. 14. A blended fuel composition comprising: from about 1% - 100% renewable content wherein the renewable content comprises one or more renewable blendstocks selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable iso-octane or renewable alkylate renewable reformate or bioformate, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, and any mixture thereof; and wherein a distillation of the blended fuel composition evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 90-158°F, evaporates 50% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 170-250°F, evaporates 70% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 200-312°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 230-374°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 300-437°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17. 15. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 14, wherein the blended fuel composition meets all applicable ASTM D4814 specifications and after appropriate oxygenate blending (E0, E10, E15, E20, E25, etc.) has a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of 87, or in some less common cases where allowed (such as the Mountain States), an 85 AKI rating. 16. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 14, wherein the renewable content is at least about 20%. 17. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 14, wherein the blended fuel composition comprises at least two renewable blendstocks.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) 18. The blended fuel composition of embodiment 14, wherein the renewable content is at least about 90% and wherein the blended fuel composition comprises at least three renewable blendstocks. 19. A method for producing a gasoline with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline comprising: forming a blendstock by blending petroleum derived components with renewable components in amounts such that a distillation of the formed blendstock evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 90-158°F, evaporates 50% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 170-250°F, evaporates 70% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 200-312°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 230-374°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 300-437°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17, while the mixture after oxygenate blending (if any) meets a minimum of 87 AKI octane rating (except in limited markets where 85 AKI is allowed). 20. A method for producing a gasoline with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline comprising: forming a blendstock by blending petroleum derived components with renewable components in amounts such that a distillation of the formed blendstock evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 110-158°F, evaporates 50% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 180-245°F, evaporates 70% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 210-297.5°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 240-350°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 320-425°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17, while the mixture after oxygenate blending (if any) meets a minimum of 87 AKI octane rating (except in limited markets where 85 AKI is allowed). 21. A method for producing a gasoline with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline comprising: forming a blendstock by blending petroleum derived components with renewable components in amounts such that a distillation of the formed blendstock evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 127-155°F, evaporates 50% of the formedAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 186-241°F, evaporates 70% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 218-273°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 256-331°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 347-404°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17, while the mixture after oxygenate blending (if any) meets a minimum of 87 AKI octane rating (except in limited markets where 85 AKI is allowed). 22. A method of embodiment 19, 20, and / or 21 wherein the formed blendstock demonstrates lower particulate emissions, e.g., at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80% or more, relative to an ASTM D86-17 compliant gasoline whose BOB comprises only petroleum derived components and lacks renewable components (that is subsequently blended to an E10 or E15 finished gasoline), wherein the particulate emissions are measured using an FTP, and HWFE, or US06 EPA regulatory drive cycle.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A blended fuel composition comprising 1% - 100% renewable gasoline wherein the renewable gasoline before oxygenate blending meets all applicable ASTM D4814 specifications and after appropriate oxygenate blending has a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of at least 85.

2. The blended fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the renewable gasoline comprises a renewable blendstock that is selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline, renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate or bioformate, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, and any mixture thereof.

3. The blended fuel composition of claim 2, comprising the renewable naphtha between 0% – 40%, the renewable FCC gasoline between 0 – 65.0%, the renewable alkylate between 0% – 60%, the renewable LPG between 0 – 15%, the renewable naphtha from ketopyrolysis between 0 – 40%, the renewable reformate or bioformate between 0 – 60%, the ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks between 0 – 40%, the renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded between 0 – 40%, the renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded between 0 – 40%, ethanol between 0 – 35%, and any mixture thereof.

4. The blended fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least about 25% renewable naphtha.

5. The blended fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least about 25% renewable alkylate.

6. The blended fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least about 25% renewable naphtha and at least about 25% renewable alkylate.Attorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) 7. The blended fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the blended fuel composition after appropriate oxygenate blending has a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of at least 87.

8. The blended fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the blended fuel composition comprises renewable naphtha between 0 – 30%, renewable FCC gasoline between 0 – 50.0%, renewable alkylate between 0 – 60%, renewable LPG between 0 – 15%, renewable naphtha from ketopyrolysis between 0 – 30%, ethanol between 0 – 30%, and any mixtures thereof.

9. The blended fuel composition of claim 8, wherein the renewable naphtha is between about 29 – 30% and the renewable alkylate is between about 29 – 30%.

10. The blended fuel composition of claim 8, wherein the ethanol is from 1 to 15%.

11. The blended fuel composition of claim 8, further comprising an oxygenated octane enhancer from a cellulosic feedstock.

12. A method for producing a gasoline with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline wherein the method comprises: blending a blendstock selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline, renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate or bioformate, bio-naphthas, ethanol and an oxygenated octane enhancer from a cellulosic feedstock.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the ethanol is between 1 to 30%.

14. A blended fuel composition comprising: from about 1% - 100% renewable content, wherein the renewable content comprises one or more renewable blendstocks selected from the group consisting of renewable naphtha, fractionated renewable naphtha, reformed or isomerized reprocessed renewable naphtha, renewable FCC gasoline, renewable alkylate, renewable LPG, renewable reformate or bioformate, or bio-naphthas derived from the following feedstocks and processes: ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from lipids, ketopyrolysis-derived renewable naphtha from cellulosic feedstocks, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, renewable naphtha or its derivatives produced from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic material which is subsequently hydrotreated and potentially further upgraded, and any mixture thereof; andAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) wherein a distillation of the blended fuel composition evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 90-158°F, evaporates 50% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 170-250°F, evaporates 70% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 200-312°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 230-374°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 300-437°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17.

15. The blended fuel composition of claim 14, wherein the blended fuel composition meets all applicable ASTM D4814 specifications and after appropriate oxygenate blending has a minimum Anti-Knock Index (AKI) rating of at least 85.

16. The blended fuel composition of claim 14, wherein the renewable content is at least about 20%.

17. The blended fuel composition of claim 14, wherein the blended fuel composition comprises at least two renewable blendstocks.

18. The blended fuel composition of claim 14, wherein the renewable content is at least about 90% and wherein the blended fuel composition comprises at least three renewable blendstocks.

19. A method for producing a gasoline with 1% - 100% renewable gasoline comprising: forming a blendstock by blending petroleum derived components with renewable components in amounts such that a distillation of the formed blendstock evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 90-158°F, evaporates 50% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 170-250°F, evaporates 70% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 200-312°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 230-374°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 300-437°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17, while the mixture after oxygenate blending meets a minimum of 85 AKI octane rating.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein distillation of the formed blendstock evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 110-158°F, evaporates 50% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 180-245°F, evaporates 70% of the formedAttorney Docket No. T-12410 PCT (037287.0000385) blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 210-297.5°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 240-350°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 320-425°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17, while the mixture after oxygenate blending meets a minimum of 85 AKI octane rating.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein distillation of the formed blendstock evaporates 10% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 127-155°F, evaporates 50% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 186-241°F, evaporates 70% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 218-273°F, evaporates 90% of the formed blendstock volume at a distillation temperature of 256-331°F, and the Final Boiling Point of the formed blendstock volume is reached at a distillation temperature of 347-404°F when the formed blendstock is distilled according to ASTM D86-17, while the mixture after oxygenate blending meets a minimum of 85 AKI octane rating.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein the formed blendstock demonstrates lower particulate emissions relative to an ASTM D4814 compliant gasoline whose BOB comprises only petroleum derived components and lacks renewable components, wherein the particulate emissions are measured using an FTP, and HWFE, or US06 EPA regulatory drive cycle.

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