Communication method and device

Abstract

The present application relates to a communication method, a terminal device, and a network device. The method comprises: a first device sends measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilot frequencies, wherein the measurement configuration information is used for instructing a second device to perform wireless measurement on received superimposed pilot frequencies. The embodiments of the present application can accurately perform wireless resource measurement on the superimposed pilot frequencies to obtain an accurate wireless resource measurement result.

Description

Communication method and device TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication, and more particularly, to a communication method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of communication systems, in order to make the communication system have more functions, more types of pilots need to be added in the system. However, with the increase of the types of pilots to be supported, the communication efficiency that can be achieved by the wireless communication system is affected. Superimposed pilots can reduce the resource occupation overhead caused by too many pilots.

[0003] SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and device, which can accurately perform wireless resource measurement for superimposed pilots.

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, comprising:

[0006] The first device sends measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots, which is used to instruct a second device to perform wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots.

[0007] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, comprising:

[0008] The second device receives measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots.

[0009] The second device performs wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots based on the measurement configuration information.

[0010] Embodiments of the present application provide a first device, comprising:

[0011] The sending unit is configured to send measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots, which is used to instruct a second device to perform wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots.

[0012] Embodiments of the present application provide a second device, comprising:

[0013] The receiving unit is configured to receive measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots.

[0014] The first processing unit is configured to perform wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots based on the measurement configuration information.

[0015] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication device, comprising a transceiver, a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program, the transceiver is configured to communicate with other devices, and the processor is configured to invoke and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the communication device performs the above-mentioned communication method.

[0016] An embodiment of the present application provides a chip for implementing the communication method.

[0017] Specifically, the chip comprises a processor configured to invoke and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip performs the communication method.

[0018] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform the communication method.

[0019] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising computer program instructions, which cause a computer to perform the communication method.

[0020] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the communication method.

[0021] According to the embodiment of the present application, the wireless resource measurement can be accurately performed on the superposed pilot, and an accurate wireless resource measurement result can be obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wireless resource measurement process.

[0024] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a filtering process on the device side.

[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a superposed pilot.

[0026] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of reporting superposed pilot processing capability information according to the second device of the present application.

[0031] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of issuing superposed pilot power configuration information according to the first device of the present application.

[0032] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of power information between superposed pilots or between a superposed pilot and a normal pilot according to the present application.

[0033] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of implementing wireless resource measurement by superimposed pilot based on an AI model according to the present application.

[0034] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of reporting AI capability on a second device according to the present application.

[0035] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of issuing or indicating a superimposed pilot measurement model on a first device according to the present application.

[0036] FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of a first device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of a first device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of a second device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of a second device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0040] FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an Advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a New Radio (NR) system, an evolved system of the NR system, an LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, an NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, a Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) system, a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), a Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), a 5th-Generation (5G) system, or other communication systems.

[0045] Generally, a conventional communication system supports a limited number of connections and is easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, a mobile communication system will not only support conventional communication, but also support, for example, Device to Device (D2D) communication, Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, Machine Type Communication (MTC), Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication, or Vehicle to everything (V2X) communication. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0046] In an embodiment, the communication system in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a Carrier Aggregation (CA) scenario, can also be applied to a Dual Connectivity (DC) scenario, and can also be applied to a Standalone (SA) network deployment scenario.

[0047] In an embodiment, the communication system in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum can also be considered as shared spectrum; or the communication system in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to licensed spectrum, where the licensed spectrum can also be considered as non-shared spectrum.

[0048] Embodiments of the present application describe various embodiments in connection with network devices and terminal devices, wherein the terminal device can also be referred to as a user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device, etc.

[0049] The terminal device can be a station (STA) in a WLAN, and can be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld device having wireless communication function, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a next-generation communication system such as an NR network, or a terminal device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) network, etc.

[0050] In embodiments of the present application, the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable, or in-vehicle; can also be deployed on water (such as a ship, etc.); and can also be deployed in the air (such as on an airplane, a balloon, and a satellite, etc.).

[0051] In embodiments of the present application, the terminal device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiver function, a Virtual Reality (VR) terminal device, an Augmented Reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical treatment, a wireless terminal device in smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in smart city, or a wireless terminal device in smart home, etc.

[0052] As an example but not limitation, in embodiments of the present application, the terminal device can also be a wearable device. The wearable device can also be referred to as a wearable smart device, which is a general term for devices that are designed and developed by applying wearable technology to daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. The wearable device is a portable device that can be directly worn on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. The wearable device is not only a hardware device, but also a powerful function achieved through software support and data interaction, cloud interaction. The broad sense of wearable smart devices includes devices with full functions, large sizes, and the ability to realize complete or partial functions without relying on smart phones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, and devices that focus on a certain application function and need to be used with other devices, such as smart phones, such as various smart wristbands, smart jewelry, and the like.

[0053] In embodiments of the present application, the network device can be a device for communicating with the mobile device, and the network device can be an access point (Access Point, AP) in a WLAN, an evolved node B (Evolutional Node B, eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a relay station or access point, or a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a network device in an NR network (gNB) or a future evolved PLMN network or a network device in an NTN network, etc.

[0054] As an example but not limitation, in embodiments of the present application, the network device can have mobile characteristics, for example, the network device can be a mobile device. Alternatively, the network device can be a satellite, a balloon station. For example, the satellite can be a low earth orbit (low earth orbit, LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (medium earth orbit, MEO) satellite, a geostationary earth orbit (geostationary earth orbit, GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (High Elliptical Orbit, HEO) satellite, etc. Alternatively, the network device can also be a base station arranged at a position on land, water, etc.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present application, the network device can serve a cell, and a terminal device communicates with the network device through a transmission resource (for example, a frequency domain resource, or a spectrum resource) used by the cell. The cell can be a cell corresponding to the network device (for example, a base station), and the cell can belong to a macro base station or a base station corresponding to a small cell (Small cell). The small cell can include a metro cell, a micro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and the like. The small cell has the characteristics of small coverage and low transmit power, and is suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0056] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system 100. The communication system includes one network device 110 and two terminal devices 120. In an embodiment, the communication system 100 can include multiple network devices 110, and each network device 110 can include other numbers of terminal devices 120 within its coverage, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0057] In an embodiment, the communication system 100 can further include a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0058] The network device can include an access network device and a core network device. That is, the wireless communication system further includes multiple core networks for communicating with the access network device. The access network device can be an evolved node B (eNB or e-NodeB) macro base station, a micro base station (also referred to as a “small base station”), a pico base station, an access point (AP), a transmission point (TP), or a new generation Node B (gNodeB) in a long-term evolution (LTE) system, a next radio (NR) system, or an authorized auxiliary access long-term evolution (LAA-LTE) system.

[0059] It should be understood that the devices with communication function in the network / system in the embodiments of the present application can be referred to as communication devices. For example, the communication system shown in FIG. 1, the communication devices can include network devices and terminal devices with communication function, which can be specific devices in the embodiments of the present application, and will not be described here. The communication devices can also include other devices in the communication system, such as network controllers, mobile management entities and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0060] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this paper. The term "and / or" in this paper is only used to describe the association relationship between the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after it.

[0061] It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be direct indication, indirect indication, or can represent an associated relationship. For example, A indicates B, which can mean that B can be obtained through A, or A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C, or A and B have an associated relationship.

[0062] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" can represent a direct or indirect corresponding relationship between the two, or an associated relationship between the two, or an indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0063] In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the related technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described as follows, which can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application in any way as optional schemes, and all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0064] I. Wireless resource measurement based on orthogonal pilot

[0065] For wireless communication systems, accurate measurement of cell quality and beam quality can be considered as the basis for effective Radio Resource Management (RRM) and Radio Link Monitoring (RLM). Specifically, RRM measurement is the basic basis for the UE to evaluate the cell signal quality before initiating random access and determine whether to access the cell. After the UE accesses the cell, it also needs to continuously perform RRM measurement on the serving cell and adjacent cells to assist the network to make scheduling decisions and mobility management, etc. The RLM process is used for the UE to continuously monitor and evaluate the radio link quality of the serving cell after the UE accesses the cell and enters the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state. Just like the initial access process, as an important means for the UE to monitor and maintain link quality, the RLM process is an important guarantee for the UE to communicate with the network.

[0066] The 5th Generation New Radio (5G NR) system mainly uses two categories of reference signals as measurement reference signals, such as Synchronization Signal and PBCH block (SSB) and Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS). Among them, SSB is composed of Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and its Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). For SSB and CSI-RS, the standard defines the paradigm and rules of the time-frequency resource occupation, and neither the different types of reference signals (Reference Signal, RS) (such as PSS, SSS, DMRS, CSI-RS) nor the RS and other data signals (such as PSS, SSS, DMRS, CSI-RS and PBCH / Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) will produce superposition on the time-frequency resource, but will be transmitted on the respective independent, orthogonal time-frequency resource.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 2, the basic flow of implementing wireless resource measurement mainly includes the following parts, i.e. network issues measurement related configuration information to UE, network issues pilot signal, UE measures and pre-processes the pilot signal, and UE reports measurement results. The measurement related configuration indicates what kind of pilot resource the UE measures, what index the UE measures, when the UE reports the measurement results (e.g. periodic reporting, conditional trigger reporting, etc.), and what kind of pre-processing the UE needs to perform before reporting the results.

[0068] II. Important measurement indexes in 5G NR

[0069] The important measurement indexes commonly used for RRM and RLM in 5G NR standard include: Synchronization Signal Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), Synchronization Signal Reference Signal Receiving Quality (SS-RSRQ), Synchronization Signal Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SS-SINR), Channel State Information Reference Signal Received Power (CSI-RSRP), Channel State Information Reference Signal Receiving Quality (CSI-RSRQ), Channel State Information Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (CSI-SINR), etc. Different prefixes represent that they are respectively based on SSB and CSI-RS measurement.

[0070] For any measurement indicator, UE can implement measurement and reporting at Layer 1 (L1) or Layer 3 (L3). The measurement result at L1 is often used to monitor more rapidly changing and more timely communication indicators, such as beam switching based on L1-RSRP measurement. The measurement result at L3 is often used to monitor more long-term and more trend-oriented communication indicators, such as cell switching based on L3-RSRP. Whether it is L1 or L3 reporting measurement results, it is necessary to filter the original measurement results at the UE side to suppress the influence of noise and channel hopping and improve measurement accuracy. One filtering method can be to take the average or weighted average of multiple original measurements. The filtering at L1 is mainly based on UE implementation, while the filtering at L3 needs to be implemented by UE under the guidance and control of the configuration parameters issued by the network, as shown in FIG. 3. For example, the original measurement result, after L1 filtering, can obtain L1 filtering result. The L1 filtering result and the L3 filtering coefficient, after L3 filtering, can obtain L3 filtering result. The reporting condition of the current filtering result and the L3 filtering result of other cells, beams, and frequency bands is evaluated, and if the reporting condition is met, the measurement result can be reported.

[0071] On the other hand, any measurement indicator can correspond to a beam level or a cell level. The measurement at the beam level can be regarded as the L1 or L3 result measured on one or more corresponding beams. The measurement at the cell level needs to be calculated based on the standard-defined rules through the beam level measurement result. Specifically, the network can configure relevant parameters to the UE, instructing the UE to average the measurement results of the strongest several beams or the strongest several beams higher than a certain configuration threshold to obtain the cell level measurement result.

[0072] III. Superimposed Pilot (SIP):

[0073] Whether it is 5G NR or earlier fourth generation long term evolution (4th Generation Long Term Evolution, 4G LTE), the pilot signal in the wireless communication network is transmitted on the dedicated time-frequency resource, that is, the pilot and the data are orthogonal through the time-frequency resource. However, with the development of communication systems, it is found that if the system can work more robustly in more scenarios and have more functions (such as working in a wider frequency band, having the ability to implement positioning, sensing, etc.), more types of pilots can be designed and added to the system. For example, CSI-RS, SSB, DMRS, phase tracking reference signal (Phase Tracking Reference Signal, PTRS), sounding reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal, SRS), positioning reference signal (Positioning Reference Signal, PRS), etc. However, as the number of pilots required to support and the total amount of time-frequency resources required by the pilot increase, it will have an unavoidable constraint on the communication efficiency that the wireless communication system can achieve.

[0074] And the superimposed pilot (SIP) can solve the problem of resource occupation overhead caused by sending too many pilots. For example, the superimposed pilot can include transmitting data and pilot simultaneously on the same time-frequency resource in a non-orthogonal manner, as shown in FIG. 4. At the signal receiving end, using the power and / or form difference between the pilot signal and the data signal, the traditional algorithm or AI model can effectively distinguish between the two and ultimately solve the data and pilot. Although it improves the complexity of the receiver to some extent, SIP has the potential to greatly improve the utilization efficiency of communication resources.

[0075] The introduction of superimposed pilots actually brings new degrees of freedom in power allocation of pilot signals and data signals on time-frequency resources. The optimal power allocation scheme is often affected by many factors, such as different multiple-input multiple-output (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO) transmission layers, different data signal modulation methods, different channel coding rates, different signal transmission bandwidths, and even different channel environments. The optimal power ratio of the pilot may be different. Compared with the orthogonal pilot which is often transmitted at a stable or even constant power, the transmission power of the superimposed pilot is flexible and diverse.

[0076] The related art network supported wireless resource measurement method and mechanism is mainly designed for orthogonal pilot wireless resource measurement method, and the pilot signal and data signal or pilot signal are not superimposed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource.

[0077] For superimposed pilots, the overall measurement framework can refer to FIG. 2, but needs to be extended as necessary, otherwise measurement bias or measurement failure can occur in some cases. Specifically, the orthogonal pilot signal has stable or even constant transmit power / energy due to the exclusive use of specific time-frequency resources. The introduction of superimposed pilots allows the pilot signal to be superimposed with other data signals or pilot signals in the time-frequency resources where it is located, which actually brings new degrees of freedom in power allocation. For different time-frequency resources where the pilot is located, the equivalent transmit power of the pilot signal is affected by its superposition. For example, whether the pilot is superimposed with the data signal in the time-frequency resource, and what the power ratio of the pilot signal and the data signal is. If the measurement side cannot obtain such information or cannot make corresponding adjustments according to different pilot power configurations, measurement bias will occur, resulting in feedback of incorrect measurement results. The following illustrates the problems that can occur in wireless resource measurement in the absence of SIP information by way of example:

[0078] 1. Cell selection: Assume that cell 1 transmits a pilot signal in the form of an orthogonal pilot, and cells 2 and 3 transmit pilot signals in the form of SIPs but have different power allocation ratios between the pilot signal and the data signal. If the UE directly measures and feeds back the results without knowing the above SIP-related configuration information, the network can make an incorrect cell selection decision. The reason is that due to the presence of SIP, the UE cannot obtain the accurate equivalent transmit power of the pilot signal, and thus calculates an incorrect measurement result.

[0079] 2. Beam selection: Assume that the network transmits pilot signals to the UE through different beams for measurement, and the SIP configurations of the pilot corresponding to different beams are different (such as whether other signals are superimposed, the specific power allocation ratio, etc.). If the UE does not know the above SIP-related configuration information, the system will make beam selection based on incorrect measurement results.

[0080] 3. Layer 1 / Layer 3 filtering: Referring to the example of FIG. 3 above, the UE needs to filter multiple original measurement results locally to obtain the final measurement results that can be reported. If the SIP-related configurations of the pilot signals corresponding to the multiple original measurements are different, the UE cannot correctly and effectively perform filtering without knowing the information.

[0081] 4. Conditional reporting: In some cases, the network will configure conditions for the UE to trigger reporting, such as when the measurement result exceeds or is lower than a certain threshold. When the UE cannot correctly derive the measurement result due to not knowing the SIP configuration information, the triggering of the conditions will also be biased.

[0082] The communication method of the embodiment of the present application can perform wireless resource measurement based on the superimposed pilot, so that the wireless communication system can still accurately and effectively obtain wireless resource measurement results after the introduction of the superimposed pilot, thereby supporting functions such as cell switching and beam selection, and ensuring the performance of the wireless communication system.

[0083] FIG5 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method 500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can optionally be applied to the system shown in FIG1 , but is not limited thereto. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0084] S510: The first device sends measurement configuration information related to the superimposed pilot, where the measurement configuration information is used to instruct the second device to perform wireless measurement on the received superimposed pilot.

[0085] In an embodiment of the present application, the first device may be the transmitter of the measurement signal, and the second device may be the performer of the measurement. For example, if the first device is a network device such as a base station, the second device may be a terminal device such as a UE. If the first device is a terminal device, the second device may be a network device. If the first device is a terminal device, the second device may be another terminal device. The first device may send measurement configuration information related to the superimposed pilot to the second device. Superimposed pilot transmission methods may include: simultaneously transmitting data and pilot signals in a non-orthogonal manner on the same time-frequency resources; or simultaneously transmitting multiple pilot signals in a non-orthogonal manner on the same time-frequency resources. Pilot signals may be reference signals, such as PSS, SSS, DMRS, CSI-RS, etc. After receiving the measurement configuration information related to the superimposed pilot, the second device may perform radio measurements. For example, based on the measurement configuration information related to the superimposed pilot, it may measure one or more of SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ, SS-SINR, CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSRQ, and CSI-SINR. This embodiment of the present application enables accurate radio resource measurements to be performed on the superimposed pilot, obtaining accurate radio resource measurement results.

[0086] In one embodiment, the measurement configuration information includes:

[0087] The transmission power information of the superimposed pilot;

[0088] The mapping relationship between the measurement results of the superimposed pilot and the reporting results;

[0089] Measurement auxiliary information.

[0090] In this embodiment of the present application, if the superimposed pilot includes data and a pilot, the transmit power (also referred to as transmit power) information of the superimposed pilot may include information about the transmit power of the data and the transmit power of the pilot. If the superimposed pilot includes pilot RS1 and pilot RS2, the transmit power information of the superimposed pilot may include information about the transmit power of RS1 and the transmit power of RS2.

[0091] In one implementation, the transmit power information of the superimposed pilot includes at least one of the following:

[0092] Transmit power deviation between pilots;

[0093] The transmit power of the pilot;

[0094] The transmission power ratio of the pilot signal;

[0095] Superimpose pilot transmission power distribution pattern;

[0096] Data information superimposed with the pilot;

[0097] Layer 3 filter coefficients.

[0098] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmit power deviation between the pilots may include a difference or ratio of transmit powers between the pilots. For example, the transmit power difference between the superimposed transmitted pilots RS1 and RS2 is 10 dBm or the ratio is 1.2.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission power of the pilot may include the transmission power of each of the multiple pilots that are transmitted in a superimposed manner.

[0100] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission power ratio of the pilot may include the ratio of the transmission power of the transmitted pilot to the transmission power of the entire superimposed pilot. For example, the transmission power of the superimposed pilot RS1 is P1, and the transmission power of RS2 is P2. The transmission power ratio of RS1 is P1 / (P1+P2).

[0101] In the embodiments of the present application, the superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern may also be referred to as the superimposed pilot transmission power paradigm. Multiple possible distribution patterns may be predefined and indicated during configuration; or several distribution patterns may be preconfigured via higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC) to form a candidate pool, from which a specific configuration may be indicated.

[0102] In some scenarios, obtaining information about the signal (data) superimposed on the pilot signal can help improve the accuracy of the pilot signal measurement results. For example, such information may include the transmit power, modulation mode, channel coding rate, etc. of the superimposed signal.

[0103] In the embodiment of the present application, when there is a change in the power of the superimposed pilot tones measured multiple times, adjusting the L3 filter coefficient during L3 filtering can improve the filtering effect and the accuracy of the L3 measurement results.

[0104] In one embodiment, the superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern includes at least one of the following:

[0105] The transmit power ratio of all frequency domain resources and time domain resources covered by the superimposed pilot is the same (which can be marked as PA1);

[0106] The superimposed pilot has different transmit power proportions on different frequency domain resources (which can be marked as PA2);

[0107] The superimposed pilot transmits different power proportions on different time domain resources (which can be marked as PA3);

[0108] The transmission power proportions of the superimposed pilot on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources are different (which can be marked as PA4).

[0109] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission power ratio can also be understood as a kind of energy ratio. For example, the transmission power ratios of pilot RS1 and RS2 on time domain resources time slot 1 to time slot 3 and frequency domain resources RB1 to RB5 are the same. For another example, the transmission power ratios of pilot RS1 and data on time domain resources time slot 1 to time slot 3 are the same, and the transmission power ratios on frequency domain resources are different. For another example, the transmission power ratios of pilot RS1 and RS2 on frequency domain resources RB1 to RB5 are the same, and the transmission power ratios on time domain resources are different. For another example, the transmission power ratios of data and pilot RS2 on time domain resources time slot 1 to time slot 3 and frequency domain resources RB1 to RB5 are different.

[0110] In one implementation, the mapping relationship between the measurement result of the superimposed pilot and the reporting result includes: a mapping relationship between the measurement value interval of the superimposed pilot and the reporting index.

[0111] In an embodiment of the present application, the first device may not inform the second device of specific information that directly reflects the superimposed pilot power, but rather implements it by configuring different measurement results and reporting mapping relationships for different pilots. The above-mentioned different pilots may include ordinary pilots and superimposed pilots, or superimposed pilots under different power configurations. The reporting mapping relationship includes an index that can be reported and a measurement value interval. If the measurement result for a certain pilot satisfies a certain measurement value interval, the index corresponding to the measurement value interval can be reported. The measurement value may include SS / CSI-RSRP, SS / CSI-RSRQ, SS / CSI-SINR, etc. under L1 or L3. For example, different reporting mapping relationships are configured for pilot RS1 and pilot RS2 respectively. Among them, the reporting mapping relationship of RS1 includes: index 0 corresponds to a measurement value interval less than -100dBm, index 1 corresponds to a measurement value interval of -100dBm to -200dBm, and index 2 corresponds to a measurement value interval of -200dBm to -300dBm. The reporting mapping relationship for RS2 includes: Index 0 corresponds to a measurement value range less than -150dBm, Index 1 corresponds to a measurement value range of -150dBm to -300dBm, and Index 2 corresponds to a measurement value range of -300dBm to -500dBm. The reporting mapping relationship can be expressed in a table, array, or other form. If the measurement result for RS1 is between -100dBm and -200dBm, Index 1 can be reported. If the measurement result for RS2 is between -300dBm and -500dBm, Index 2 can be reported.

[0112] In one embodiment, the measurement assistance information includes at least one of the following: location information of the first device; speed information of the first device. The measurement assistance information may be configured together with the transmit power information of the superimposed pilot and the mapping relationship between the measurement result of the superimposed pilot and the reporting result, or may be configured separately.

[0113] FIG6 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method 600 according to another embodiment of the present application, which may include one or more features of the above-mentioned communication method 500. In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0114] S610: The first device receives superimposed pilot processing capability information.

[0115] In one embodiment, the superposition pilot processing capability information includes at least one of the following:

[0116] Whether it has the ability to perform measurements based on superimposed pilots;

[0117] Superimpose pilot transmission power range;

[0118] The transmission power ratio of the superimposed pilot;

[0119] Superimpose pilot transmission power distribution pattern;

[0120] The processing duration of the superposed pilot.

[0121] In the embodiments of the present application, if the superposed pilot processing capability information from the second device includes the capability of performing measurement based on the superposed pilot, the first device can determine that the second device is capable of performing wireless measurement based on the superposed pilot. In this case, the first device can perform the S510 described above, and send the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot to the second device. In addition, the first device can also send the superposed pilot to the second device. After receiving the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot, the second device performs wireless measurement on the received superposed pilot. If the superposed pilot processing capability information from the second device includes the capability of not performing measurement based on the superposed pilot, the first device can determine that the second device is not capable of performing wireless measurement based on the superposed pilot. In this case, the first device can not send the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot to the second device.

[0122] In the embodiments of the present application, if the superposed pilot processing capability information from the second device includes the recommended, total or acceptable superposed pilot transmission power range, the first device can refer to the superposed pilot transmission power range to send the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot to the second device. In addition, the first device can also send the superposed pilot to the second device according to the acceptable superposed pilot transmission power range of the second device.

[0123] In the embodiments of the present application, if the superposed pilot processing capability information from the second device includes the recommended, total or acceptable superposed pilot transmission power proportion, the first device can refer to the proportion to send the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot to the second device. In addition, the first device can also send the superposed pilot to the second device according to the acceptable superposed pilot transmission power proportion of the second device.

[0124] In the embodiments of the present application, if the superposed pilot processing capability information from the second device includes the recommended, total or acceptable superposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern, for example, the patterns PA2 and PA3, the first device can select one or two of the distribution patterns to indicate to the second device through the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot, and the first device can also send the superposed pilot to the second device according to the acceptable superposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern of the second device.

[0125] In the embodiments of the present application, if the superposed pilot processing capability information from the second device includes the processing duration of the superposed pilot, the first device configures the frequency of the superposed pilot to the second device, that is, the interval between two measurements is not less than the processing duration.

[0126] In an embodiment, the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot comprises model information of the superposed pilot. In the embodiment of the present application, after the first device sends the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot to the second device, the second device can implement wireless resource measurement based on the superposed pilot through an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0127] In an embodiment, the model information of the superposed pilot comprises a superposed pilot measurement model and / or an identifier of the superposed pilot measurement model. In the embodiment of the present application, the AI model or the AI model identifier can be indicated or issued to the second device by the first device. Different superposed pilot forms (such as different power allocation, different transmission power distribution patterns, etc.) can have corresponding AI models. The second device can obtain accurate measurement results for different superposed pilots according to the model configuration of the first device. For example, the power allocation of the superposed pilot RS1 and the pilot RS2 is 1:1, which corresponds to the AI model M1. The power allocation of the superposed pilot RS1 and the pilot RS2 is 2:1, which corresponds to the AI model M2. For another example, the transmission power distribution pattern of the superposed pilot RS1 and the pilot RS2 is that the proportion of the two in different frequency domain resources is 1:2, which corresponds to the AI model M3. The transmission power distribution pattern of the superposed pilot RS1 and the pilot RS2 is that the proportion of the two in different time domain resources is 3:2, which corresponds to the AI model M4.

[0128] In an embodiment, the superposed pilot processing capability information comprises artificial intelligence (AI) capability information related to superposed pilot processing. In the embodiment of the present application, the first device can perform S610 to receive AI capability information related to superposed pilot processing from the second device, generate model information of the superposed pilot based on the AI capability information, and then perform S510 to send the model information of the superposed pilot to the second device.

[0129] In an embodiment, the AI capability information comprises at least one of the following:

[0130] whether the AI model has the capability of running the AI model;

[0131] AI model calculation amount;

[0132] AI model parameter amount;

[0133] AI model size;

[0134] device computing power.

[0135] In the embodiments of the present application, the first device can determine whether to instruct or issue the model for the second device to implement wireless resource measurement based on the superposed pilot according to whether the second device has the capability of running the AI model. The AI model calculation amount can include the number of floating point calculations required to complete a single inference. The AI model calculation amount can include the recommended AI model calculation amount, the total AI model calculation amount, or the acceptable AI model calculation amount. The AI model parameter amount can include the recommended AI model parameter amount, the total AI model parameter amount, or the acceptable AI model parameter amount. The AI model size can include the recommended AI model size, the total AI model size, or the acceptable AI model size. The device computing power can be measured by the number of floating point operations that the device can perform per unit time. If the device computing power is strong, the time-consuming of running a complex model is short, and the measurement speed is fast. The first device can determine the type, size, etc. of the model instructed to the second device according to the second device computing power.

[0136] In an implementation, as shown in FIG. 6, the method further includes:

[0137] S620, the first device receives the superposed pilot measurement result, which is obtained by the second device based on the measurement configuration information.

[0138] In the embodiments of the present application, if the first device instructs the second device one or more of the transmission power information of the superposed pilot, the mapping relationship between the measurement result and the reporting result of the superposed pilot, and the measurement assistance information, the second device can align the measurement results between different superposed pilots or between the superposed pilot and the ordinary pilot through a certain method, thereby realizing accurate and effective result reporting.

[0139] In the embodiments of the present application, if the first device instructs the second device the model information of the superposed pilot, the second device can process the corresponding superposed pilot by using the AI model instructed or transmitted by the first device to obtain the measurement result, thereby realizing accurate and effective result reporting.

[0140] Based on the above measurement, the communication system can realize functions such as cell handover, beam selection, etc.

[0141] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 700 according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can optionally be applied to the system shown in FIG. 1, but is not limited to this. The method includes at least part of the following content.

[0142] S710, the second device receives the measurement configuration information related to the superposed pilot.

[0143] S720, the second device performs wireless measurement on the received superposed pilot based on the measurement configuration information.

[0144] In an embodiment, the measurement configuration information comprises:

[0145] transmission power information of the superposed pilot;

[0146] mapping relationship between measurement result and reporting result of the superposed pilot;

[0147] measurement assistance information.

[0148] In an embodiment, the transmission power information of the superposed pilot comprises at least one of:

[0149] transmission power deviation between pilots;

[0150] transmission power of the pilot;

[0151] transmission power proportion of the pilot;

[0152] transmission power distribution pattern of the superposed pilot;

[0153] data information superposed with the pilot;

[0154] layer three filtering coefficient.

[0155] In an embodiment, the mapping relationship between measurement result and reporting result of the superposed pilot comprises mapping relationship between measurement value interval of the superposed pilot and reporting index.

[0156] In an embodiment, the measurement assistance information comprises at least one of: position information of the first device; speed information of the first device.

[0157] In an embodiment, the measurement configuration information comprises: model information of the superposed pilot.

[0158] In an embodiment, the model information of the superposed pilot comprises: superposed pilot measurement model and / or identification of the superposed pilot measurement model.

[0159] FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method 800 according to another embodiment of the present application. The method can comprise one or more features of the communication method 700 described above. In an embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0160] S810, the second device transmits superposed pilot processing capability information.

[0161] In an embodiment, the superposed pilot processing capability information comprises at least one of:

[0162] whether having the capability of measuring based on the superposed pilot;

[0163] transmission power range of the superposed pilot;

[0164] A proportion of the superposed pilot transmission power;

[0165] A distribution pattern of the superposed pilot transmission power;

[0166] A processing duration of the superposed pilot.

[0167] In an embodiment, the distribution pattern of the superposed pilot transmission power comprises at least one of the following:

[0168] The proportion of the superposed pilot transmission power is the same on all frequency domain resources and time domain resources covered by the superposed pilot;

[0169] The proportion of the superposed pilot transmission power is different on different frequency domain resources;

[0170] The proportion of the superposed pilot transmission power is different on different time domain resources;

[0171] The proportion of the superposed pilot transmission power is different on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources.

[0172] In an embodiment, the superposed pilot processing capability information comprises AI capability information related to superposed pilot processing.

[0173] In an embodiment, the AI capability information comprises at least one of the following:

[0174] Whether it has the ability to run an AI model;

[0175] AI model calculation amount;

[0176] AI model parameter amount;

[0177] AI model size;

[0178] Device computing power.

[0179] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the method further comprises:

[0180] S820, the second device performs wireless measurement based on the measurement configuration information to obtain a superposed pilot measurement result;

[0181] S830, the second device sends the superposed pilot measurement result.

[0182] The specific examples of the second device performing the method 700 and 800 of the present embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the second device in the method 500 and 600 described above. For brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0183] The communication method of the embodiments of the present application can include a superimposed pilot (SIP) based wireless resource measurement method, which can enable the wireless communication system to accurately and effectively obtain wireless resource measurement results after introducing superimposed pilots, thereby supporting cell switching, beam selection and other functions, and ensuring the performance of the wireless communication system. In the embodiments of the present application, the sender of the measurement signal and the measurer interact through one or more of the following: superimposed pilot power distribution method, measurement and reporting mapping relationship, superimposed signal configuration, auxiliary information, model information, and device capability information, to achieve alignment and / or matching of the sending signal and the measurement reporting behavior. The sender of the measurement signal (first device) and the measurer (second device) can include a base station and a UE (i.e., downlink measurement), a UE and a base station (i.e., uplink measurement), a UE and a UE (i.e., sidelink measurement), and the like. The measurer can obtain the measurement result through a signal processing method or an AI model in the related art.

[0184] Embodiment one: wireless resource measurement through SIP related configuration interaction

[0185] 1. Device capability alignment

[0186] In a wireless communication network, there are often base stations and terminal devices manufactured by different manufacturers, and there are differences in their capabilities. For the embodiments of the present application, the execution of the measurement (second device) on the related capability of the superimposed pilot (SIP) will likely affect the behavior of the sender of the measurement signal (first device) in many ways. Therefore, the second device needs to actively or passively report its superimposed pilot related measurement configuration information, such as superimposed pilot processing capability information, as shown in FIG. 9.

[0187] Among them, the potential superimposed pilot processing capability information is as follows:

[0188] (1) Whether it has the capability to measure based on superimposed pilots: the first device needs to decide whether to configure superimposed pilots for the second device to perform wireless resource measurement according to the reporting of this capability

[0189] (2) Acceptable range or proportion of superimposed pilot power: The proportion of pilot power in superimposed pilot will affect the complexity of achieving accurate measurement and the effect of data reception. For example, for the case of superimposed pilot and data, if the proportion of pilot power is large (e.g., pilot: data = 0.75: 0.25), the receiving end can relatively easily achieve high-precision measurement. But the efficiency and accuracy of data reception will be affected (e.g., the block error rate (BLER) or bit error rate (BER) rises, it cannot support demodulation of signals with high modulation order such as 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), it cannot support high channel coding rate, etc. Conversely, if the proportion of pilot power is small (e.g., pilot: data = 0.01: 0.99), the measurement difficulty increases but the data reception capability is enhanced. In addition, the sensitivity of the receiving device to the signal is determined by the hardware capability, and if the pilot power is too small, the device may not be able to effectively identify it. This configuration can be indicated by the range of pilot energy proportion (e.g., 0.3 to 0.8) or by the numerical range of transmission power (e.g., x1 to x2 dBm).

[0190] (3) Supportable superimposed pilot power distribution pattern (or paradigm): The superimposed pilot power pattern can include the variation of pilot power proportion on different time-frequency resources, and the more complex the power pattern, the higher the processing capability requirement of the receiving device. For example, potential power patterns can include the following examples:

[0191] (a) The energy proportion of pilot is consistent on all time-frequency resources covered by the pilot (e.g., FIG. 4), and the processing complexity of the second device is low.

[0192] (b) The energy (e.g., transmission power) proportion of pilot is different on different frequency domain resources (e.g., subcarriers, resource blocks), and the processing complexity of the second device is moderate.

[0193] (c) The energy proportion of pilot is different on different time domain resources (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols), and the processing complexity of the second device is moderate.

[0194] (d) The energy proportion of pilot is different on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources, and the processing complexity of the second device is high.

[0195] (4) Time length required for receiving and processing superimposed pilot: related to the processing capability of the second device. The processing time length will affect the frequency of the first device configuring superimposed pilot, i.e., the interval between two measurements should not be less than the processing time length.

[0196] 2. Configuration of superposition pilot power information:

[0197] As described above, for the system where superposition pilot exists, especially for the case where superposition pilot and normal pilot coexist, or different superposition pilot power ratio configurations, the first device needs to effectively distinguish in the measurement related configuration to ensure the accuracy of wireless resource measurement. For different configuration forms, examples are listed as follows:

[0198] (1) Configuration of superposition pilot power information:

[0199] The first device issues superposition pilot power configuration information to the second device, as shown in FIG. 10. Examples of potential forms of superposition pilot power configuration information are as follows:

[0200] (a) Power offset between pilots: The pilot power offset represents the power difference between multiple configured pilots, as shown in FIG. 11, which can be expressed by absolute power difference (such as dBm) or relative proportion (such as the power of pilot 2 relative to pilot 1 is 0.6). Among them, the pilot power offset can be configured for a specified two pilots (i.e. in FIG. 11, pilot 1 and pilot 2 have a power offset of 1, pilot 2 and pilot 3 have a power offset of 2, and pilot 3 and pilot 4 have a power offset of 3), or it can be configured uniformly for two categories of pilots (such as between superposition pilots and normal pilots, between superposition pilot type 1 and superposition pilot type 2), or it can be configured between a certain specific pilot and a certain category of pilot (such as between normal pilot and a certain superposition pilot), or it can be configured between pilots belonging to different cells (such as setting a unified power offset for pilots from cell 1 and cell 2), or it can be configured between pilots belonging to different frequency bands. In addition, since the calculation methods of different measurement indicators (such as SS / CSI-RSRP, SS / CSI-RSRQ, SS / CSI-SINR) are different, the power offset can also be configured separately for different indicators.

[0201] (b) Power or power ratio information of pilot: It can be indicated by the absolute transmit power of the pilot (such as x dBm) or the power ratio of the pilot and the superposed data (such as 0.1:0.9).

[0202] (c) Superimposed pilot power pattern: For the case that superimposed pilot power occupies different proportion on different time-frequency resources, the power pattern is often complex and has many possibilities, and direct indication needs to consume a lot of signaling resources. Possible processing methods include predefining multiple potential pattern forms in the standard and indicating from them during configuration, or pre-configuring several pattern forms as candidate pools through high-level signaling (such as RRC), and then indicating from them during specific configuration.

[0203] (d) Data information superimposed with the pilot: For some interference cancellation methods of the working and measuring end, knowing the information of the signal superimposed with the pilot (i.e. the information of the interference) helps to improve the measurement result for the pilot. Such information can include the transmission power of the superimposed signal, the modulation method, the channel coding rate, etc.

[0204] (e) L3 filtering coefficient: For the case that the superimposed pilot power changes multiple times, by adjusting the filtering coefficient during L3 filtering, the filtering effect and the accuracy of the L3 measurement result can be ensured.

[0205] (2) Configuration of measurement reporting mapping relationship based on pilot conditions:

[0206] Unlike the previous example, in this form, the first device does not inform the second device of the specific information directly reflecting the superimposed pilot power, but achieves it by configuring different measurement results and reporting mapping relationships for different pilots. For example, different reporting mapping relationship tables are configured for pilot 1 and pilot 2 (as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below)

[0207] Table 1. Corresponding to pilot 1

[0208] Table 2. Corresponding to pilot 2

[0209] As can be seen, the mapping relationship between the measurement value and the reporting value can be different for different pilots. Pilot 1 and pilot 2 here can correspond to ordinary pilots and superimposed pilots, or superimposed pilots under different power configurations. The measurement value in each mapping relationship can be any of the cases listed above, such as SS / CSI-RSRP, SS / CSI-RSRQ, SS / CSI-SINR under L1 or L3, etc. The measurement reporting mapping relationship for different types of pilots can be predefined in the standard and indicated during configuration, or delivered to the second device through signaling, etc.

[0210] (3) Auxiliary information that can be used for measurement:

[0211] The auxiliary information includes the position information and speed information of the first device. Such information can be configured together with the previous two types of information.

[0212] 3. Measurement and reporting based on superposed pilot power information:

[0213] The second device can align the measurement results between different superposed pilots or between superposed pilots and ordinary pilots through certain methods based on the superposed pilot power information, thereby achieving accurate and effective result reporting. Based on the above measurement, the system can implement functions such as cell switching and beam selection.

[0214] Embodiment two: Implementing wireless resource measurement through model issuance or indication:

[0215] In this embodiment, it can be assumed that the second device implements superposed pilot-based wireless resource measurement through an AI model, and the AI model is obtained through indication or issuance by the first device. Here, different superposed pilot forms (such as different power allocation, different power patterns, etc.) can have corresponding AI models, and the second device can obtain accurate measurement results for different superposed pilots according to the model configuration of the first device, as shown in FIG. 12.

[0216] 1. Device capability alignment:

[0217] Since in this embodiment, the processing of superposed pilots is specifically undertaken by AI models, the AI capability of the device indirectly determines the processing capability of the superposed pilots. For example, the AI model complexity of superposed pilots with different power ratios and different power patterns is different, and when the second device only has relatively basic AI capability, the AI model for processing complex superposed pilots cannot be used. The first device needs to consider the above limitations when configuring superposed pilots. The device capability alignment process is shown in FIG. 13.

[0218] Examples of potential reporting content are as follows:

[0219] (1) Whether it has the ability to run an AI model: The first device needs to determine whether to indicate or issue a model for the second device to implement superposed pilot-based wireless resource measurement based on the reporting of this capability.

[0220] (2) Acceptable AI model calculation amount: The AI model calculation amount measures the number of floating point calculations required to complete a single inference.

[0221] (3) Acceptable AI model parameter amount or model size.

[0222] (4) Device computing power: It is usually measured by the number of floating point operations that the device can perform per unit time. If the device computing power is weak, running a complex model will take too long and will introduce latency into the measurement.

[0223] 2. Indication or issuance of superposed pilot measurement model:

[0224] For different superimposed pilots, accurate wireless measurement results can be obtained through the corresponding AI model. As shown in FIG. 14, when the first device configures the second device to measure the superimposed pilot, the AI model used for measurement needs to be indicated or transmitted at the same time. The indication of the AI model can be achieved through model identity (ID).

[0225] 3. Measurement and reporting based on AI model:

[0226] The second device processes the superimposed pilot corresponding to the indicated or transmitted AI model to obtain the measurement result (as shown in FIG. 12). Thus, accurate and effective result reporting is achieved. Based on the above measurement, the system can achieve functions such as cell switching and beam selection.

[0227] For the above embodiments, when the first device is a base station and the second device is a UE, the above configuration, indication, and transmission of the first device to the second device can adopt one or more of the following methods:

[0228] (1) Broadcast message, such as Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB);

[0229] (2) RRC message;

[0230] (3) Media Access Control Element (MAC CE);

[0231] (4) Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH);

[0232] (5) PDSCH.

[0233] Additionally, when the first device is a UE and the second device is a base station, the above configuration, indication, and transmission of the first device to the second device can adopt one or more of the following methods:

[0234] (1) RRC message;

[0235] (2) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH);

[0236] (3) Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

[0237] The introduction of superposed pilots can solve the resource occupation overhead problem caused by too many pilots sent in the communication system, but with the introduction of superposed pilots, a new degree of freedom for power allocation of pilot signals and data signals on time-frequency resources can be brought, and the optimal power allocation scheme is often affected by many factors. Flexible changes in pilot power will cause different degrees of interference to wireless resource measurement.

[0238] The wireless resource measurement method based on superposed pilots according to an embodiment of the present application can enable the wireless communication system to still accurately and effectively obtain wireless resource measurement results after the introduction of superposed pilots, thereby supporting functions such as cell switching and beam selection, and ensuring the performance of the wireless communication system. In many cases, the system needs to divide many resources for wireless resource measurement. A typical example is the need to support a large number of beams, so corresponding pilot resources need to be allocated for UE measurement to achieve beam selection. Effective measurement and reporting based on superposed pilots will solve the large overhead of the system, thereby significantly improving the system throughput.

[0239] FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of a first device 1500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The first device 1500 can include:

[0240] The sending unit 1510 is configured to send measurement configuration information related to superposed pilots, the measurement configuration information being used to instruct a second device to perform wireless measurement on received superposed pilots.

[0241] In an implementation, the measurement configuration information includes:

[0242] transmission power information of the superposed pilots;

[0243] a mapping relationship between measurement results and reporting results of the superposed pilots;

[0244] measurement assistance information.

[0245] In an implementation, the transmission power information of the superposed pilots includes at least one of:

[0246] a transmission power deviation between pilots;

[0247] a transmission power of a pilot;

[0248] a transmission power ratio of a pilot;

[0249] a superposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern;

[0250] data information superposed with the pilot;

[0251] a layer three filtering coefficient.

[0252] In an embodiment, the mapping relationship between the measurement result of the superposed pilot and the reporting result comprises a mapping relationship between a measurement value interval of the superposed pilot and a reporting index.

[0253] In an embodiment, the measurement assistance information comprises at least one of the following: position information of the first device; speed information of the first device.

[0254] In an embodiment, the measurement configuration information comprises model information of the superposed pilot.

[0255] In an embodiment, the model information of the superposed pilot comprises a superposed pilot measurement model and / or an identifier of the superposed pilot measurement model.

[0256] FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of a first device 1600 according to another embodiment of the present application. The device can comprise one or more features of the first device 1500 described above. In an embodiment, the device further comprises:

[0257] A first receiving unit 1610, configured to receive superposed pilot processing capability information.

[0258] In an embodiment, the superposed pilot processing capability information comprises at least one of the following:

[0259] whether having the capability of performing measurement based on the superposed pilot;

[0260] a superposed pilot transmission power range;

[0261] a superposed pilot transmission power proportion;

[0262] a superposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern;

[0263] a processing duration of the superposed pilot.

[0264] In an embodiment, the superposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern comprises at least one of the following:

[0265] the transmission power proportion of the superposed pilot is the same on all frequency domain resources and time domain resources covered by the superposed pilot;

[0266] the transmission power proportion of the superposed pilot is different on different frequency domain resources;

[0267] the transmission power proportion of the superposed pilot is different on different time domain resources;

[0268] the transmission power proportion of the superposed pilot is different on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources.

[0269] In an embodiment, the superposed pilot processing capability information comprises artificial intelligence (AI) capability information related to superposed pilot processing.

[0270] In an implementation, the AI capability information comprises at least one of:

[0271] whether the capability of running the AI model is possessed;

[0272] AI model calculation amount;

[0273] AI model parameter amount;

[0274] AI model size;

[0275] device computing power.

[0276] In an implementation, as shown in FIG. 16, the device further comprises:

[0277] a second receiving unit 1620 configured to receive superposed pilot measurement results obtained by the second device based on the measurement configuration information.

[0278] The first device 1500, 1600 of the embodiments of the present application can realize the corresponding functions of the first device in the foregoing method embodiments. The processes, functions, implementation manners and beneficial effects of the respective modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the first device 1500, 1600 can be referred to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here. It should be noted that the functions described with respect to the respective modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the first device 1500, 1600 of the embodiments of the present application can be realized by different modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.), or can be realized by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0279] FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of a second device 1700 according to an embodiment of the present application. The second device 1700 can comprise:

[0280] a receiving unit 1710 configured to receive measurement configuration information related to superposed pilots;

[0281] a first processing unit 1720 configured to perform wireless measurement on the received superposed pilots based on the measurement configuration information.

[0282] In an implementation, the measurement configuration information comprises:

[0283] transmission power information of the superposed pilots;

[0284] mapping relationship between measurement results and reporting results of the superposed pilots;

[0285] measurement assistance information.

[0286] In an implementation, the transmission power information of the superposed pilots comprises at least one of:

[0287] a transmit power bias between pilots;

[0288] a transmit power of a pilot;

[0289] a transmit power proportion of a pilot;

[0290] a superimposed pilot transmit power distribution pattern;

[0291] data information superimposed with a pilot;

[0292] a layer three filter coefficient.

[0293] In an embodiment, the mapping relationship between the measurement result and the reporting result of the superimposed pilot includes: a mapping relationship between a measurement value interval of the superimposed pilot and a reporting index.

[0294] In an embodiment, the measurement assistance information includes at least one of: position information of the first device; speed information of the first device.

[0295] In an embodiment, the measurement configuration information includes: model information of a superimposed pilot.

[0296] In an embodiment, the model information of the superimposed pilot includes: a superimposed pilot measurement model and / or an identification of a superimposed pilot measurement model.

[0297] FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of a second device 1800 according to another embodiment of the present application. The device can include one or more features of the second device 1700 described above. In an embodiment, the device further includes:

[0298] a first sending unit 1810 configured to send superimposed pilot processing capability information.

[0299] In an embodiment, the superimposed pilot processing capability information includes at least one of:

[0300] whether having a capability of performing measurement based on a superimposed pilot;

[0301] a superimposed pilot transmit power range;

[0302] a superimposed pilot transmit power proportion;

[0303] a superimposed pilot transmit power distribution pattern;

[0304] a processing duration of a superimposed pilot.

[0305] In an embodiment, the superimposed pilot transmit power distribution pattern includes at least one of:

[0306] The superimposed pilot is transmitted on all frequency domain resources and time domain resources with the same power ratio;

[0307] The superimposed pilot is transmitted on different frequency domain resources with different power ratios;

[0308] The superimposed pilot is transmitted on different time domain resources with different power ratios;

[0309] The superimposed pilot is transmitted on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources with different power ratios.

[0310] In an implementation, the superimposed pilot processing capability information includes AI capability information related to superimposed pilot processing.

[0311] In an implementation, the AI capability information includes at least one of the following:

[0312] Whether the AI model is capable of running;

[0313] AI model calculation amount;

[0314] AI model parameter amount;

[0315] AI model size;

[0316] Device computing power.

[0317] In an implementation, as shown in FIG. 18, the device further includes:

[0318] The second processing unit 1820 is configured to perform wireless measurement based on the measurement configuration information to obtain a superimposed pilot measurement result.

[0319] The second sending unit 1830 is configured to send the superimposed pilot measurement result.

[0320] The second device 1700, 1800 of the embodiments of the present application can realize the corresponding functions of the second device in the foregoing method embodiments. The processes, functions, implementation manners and advantages of the respective modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the second device 1700, 1800 can be referred to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here. It should be noted that the functions described with respect to the respective modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the second device 1700, 1800 of the embodiments of the present application can be realized by different modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.), or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0321] FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1900 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1900 includes a processor 1910, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to enable the communication device 1900 to implement the method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0322] In an embodiment, the communication device 1900 can further include a memory 1920. The processor 1910 can invoke and run a computer program from the memory 1920, so that the communication device 1900 implements the methods in the embodiments of the present application.

[0323] The memory 1920 can be a separate device independent of the processor 1910, or can be integrated in the processor 1910.

[0324] In an embodiment, the communication device 1900 can further include a transceiver 1930, and the processor 1910 can control the transceiver 1930 to communicate with other devices, specifically, to send information or data to other devices, or to receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0325] The transceiver 1930 can include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1930 can further include an antenna, and the number of antennas can be one or more.

[0326] In an embodiment, the communication device 1900 can be a first device of the embodiments of the present application, and the communication device 1900 can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not repeated here.

[0327] In an embodiment, the communication device 1900 can be a second device of the embodiments of the present application, and the communication device 1900 can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not repeated here.

[0328] FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 2000 according to an embodiment of the present application. The chip 2000 includes a processor 2010, which can invoke and run a computer program from a memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.

[0329] In an embodiment, the chip 2000 can further include a memory 2020. The processor 2010 can invoke and run a computer program from the memory 2020 to implement the methods executed by the first device or the second device in the embodiments of the present application.

[0330] The memory 2020 can be a separate device independent of the processor 2010, or can be integrated in the processor 2010.

[0331] In an embodiment, the chip 2000 can further include an input interface 2030. The processor 2010 can control the input interface 2030 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, can acquire information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0332] In an embodiment, the chip 2000 can further include an output interface 2040. The processor 2010 can control the output interface 2040 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, can output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0333] In an embodiment, the chip can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not repeated here.

[0334] In an embodiment, the chip can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not repeated here.

[0335] The chip applied to the first device and the second device can be the same chip or different chips.

[0336] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be referred to as a system chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system on chip, etc.

[0337] The processor mentioned above can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor mentioned above can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0338] The above-mentioned memory can be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memories. Among them, the nonvolatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM).

[0339] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memory is an example but not a limiting description, for example, the memory in the embodiments of the present application can also be a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), a double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), a synch link DRAM (SLDRAM), and a direct memory bus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM), and the like. That is, the memory in the embodiments of the present application is intended to include but not limited to these and any other suitable type of memory.

[0340] FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 2100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication system 2100 includes a first device 2110 and a second device 2120.

[0341] The first device 2110 is configured to send measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots, the measurement configuration information being used to instruct the second device to perform wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots.

[0342] The second device 2120 is configured to receive measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots, and perform wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots based on the measurement configuration information.

[0343] The first device 2110 can be configured to implement the corresponding functions of the first device in the above-mentioned method, and the second device 2120 can be configured to implement the corresponding functions of the second device in the above-mentioned method. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described here again.

[0344] In the above embodiments, the processes can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, the processes can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed by a computer, the computer instructions generate the processes or functions in the embodiments of the present application in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center through a wired (for example, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (for example, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) manner. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. containing one or more available media sets. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, solid state disk (SSD)), etc.

[0345] It should be understood that the size of the sequence number of each process described above in various embodiments of the present application does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0346] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the system, device and unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0347] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, comprising: a first device sending measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots, the measurement configuration information being used to instruct a second device to perform wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the measurement configuration information comprising: transmission power information of the superimposed pilots; mapping relationship between measurement results and reporting results of the superimposed pilots; measurement assistance information.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, the transmission power information of the superimposed pilots comprising at least one of: transmission power deviation between pilots; transmission power of a pilot; transmission power proportion of a pilot; superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; data information superimposed on a pilot; layer three filtering coefficient.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, the mapping relationship between measurement results and reporting results of the superimposed pilots comprising mapping relationship between measurement value interval and reporting index of the superimposed pilots.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein, the measurement assistance information comprising at least one of: position information of the first device; speed information of the first device.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, the measurement configuration information comprising model information of the superimposed pilots.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, the model information of the superimposed pilots comprising superimposed pilot measurement model and / or identification of the superimposed pilot measurement model.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, the method further comprising: the first device receiving superimposed pilot processing capability information.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, the superimposed pilot processing capability information comprising at least one of: whether having the capability of performing measurement based on superimposed pilots; superimposed pilot transmission power range; superimposed pilot transmission power proportion; superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; processing duration of the superimposed pilots.

10. The method of claim 3 or 9, wherein, the superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern comprising at least one of: transmission power proportion being the same on all frequency domain resources and time domain resources covered by the superimposed pilots; transmission power proportion being different on different frequency domain resources of the superimposed pilots; transmission power proportion being different on different time domain resources of the superimposed pilots; transmission power proportion being different on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources of the superimposed pilots.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein, the superimposed pilot processing capability information comprising artificial intelligence (AI) capability information related to superimposed pilot processing.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, the AI capability information comprising at least one of: whether having the capability of running an AI model; AI model calculation amount; AI model parameter amount; AI model size; device computing power.

13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, the method further comprising: the first device receiving superimposed pilot measurement results, the superimposed pilot measurement results being obtained by the second device based on wireless measurement performed according to the measurement configuration information.

14. A communication method, comprising: a second device receiving measurement configuration information related to superimposed pilots; the second device performing wireless measurement on received superimposed pilots based on the measurement configuration information.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, the measurement configuration information comprising: transmission power information of the superimposed pilots; mapping relationship between measurement results and reporting results of the superimposed pilots; measurement assistance information.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, the transmission power information of the superimposed pilots comprising at least one of: transmission power deviation between pilots; transmission power of a pilot; transmission power proportion of a pilot; superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; data information superimposed on a pilot; layer three filtering coefficient.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein, the mapping relationship between measurement results and reporting results of the superimposed pilots comprising mapping relationship between measurement value interval and reporting index of the superimposed pilots.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein, The measurement assistance information comprises at least one of the following: position information of the first device; speed information of the first device.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein, The measurement configuration information comprises model information of the superimposed pilot.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The model information of the superimposed pilot comprises a superimposed pilot measurement model and / or an identifier of the superimposed pilot measurement model.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein, The method further comprises: The second device sends superimposed pilot processing capability information.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The superimposed pilot processing capability information comprises at least one of the following: Whether having the capability of performing measurement based on the superimposed pilot; A superimposed pilot transmission power range; A superimposed pilot transmission power ratio; A superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; A processing duration of the superimposed pilot.

23. The method of claim 16 or 22, wherein, The superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern comprises at least one of the following: The transmission power ratio of the superimposed pilot is the same on all frequency domain resources and time domain resources covered by the superimposed pilot; The transmission power ratio of the superimposed pilot is different on different frequency domain resources; The transmission power ratio of the superimposed pilot is different on different time domain resources; The transmission power ratio of the superimposed pilot is different on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources.

24. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein, The superimposed pilot processing capability information comprises AI capability information related to superimposed pilot processing.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein, The AI capability information comprises at least one of the following: Whether having the capability of running an AI model; AI model calculation amount; AI model parameter amount; AI model size; Device computing power.

26. The method of any one of claims 14 to 25, wherein, The method further comprises: The second device performs wireless measurement based on the measurement configuration information to obtain a superimposed pilot measurement result; The second device sends the superimposed pilot measurement result.

27. A first device, comprising: A sending unit configured to send measurement configuration information related to a superimposed pilot, the measurement configuration information being used to instruct a second device to perform wireless measurement on a received superimposed pilot.

28. The first device of claim 27, wherein, The measurement configuration information comprises: Transmission power information of the superimposed pilot; A mapping relationship between a measurement result and a reporting result of the superimposed pilot; Measurement assistance information.

29. The first device of claim 28, wherein, The transmission power information of the superimposed pilot comprises at least one of the following: Transmission power deviation between pilots; Transmission power of a pilot; Transmission power ratio of a pilot; Superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; Data information superimposed on the pilot; Layer three filtering coefficient.

30. The first device of claim 28, wherein, The mapping relationship between the measurement result and the reporting result of the superimposed pilot comprises a mapping relationship between a measurement value interval of the superimposed pilot and a reporting index.

31. The first device of claim 28, wherein, The measurement assistance information comprises at least one of the following: position information of the first device; speed information of the first device.

32. The first device of claim 27, wherein, The measurement configuration information comprises model information of the superimposed pilot.

33. The first device of claim 32, wherein, The model information of the superimposed pilot comprises a superimposed pilot measurement model and / or an identifier of the superimposed pilot measurement model.

34. The first device of claim 27, wherein, The device further comprises: A first receiving unit configured to receive superimposed pilot processing capability information.

35. The first device of claim 34, wherein, The superimposed pilot processing capability information comprises at least one of the following: Whether having the capability of performing measurement based on the superimposed pilot; A superimposed pilot transmission power range; A superimposed pilot transmission power ratio; A superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; A processing duration of the superimposed pilot.

36. The first device of claim 29 or 35, wherein, The superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern comprises at least one of the following: The transmission power ratio of the superimposed pilot is the same on all frequency domain resources and time domain resources covered by the superimposed pilot; The superimposed pilot has different power ratios on different frequency domain resources. The superimposed pilot has different power ratios on different time domain resources. The superimposed pilot has different power ratios on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources.

37. The first device of claim 34, wherein, The superimposed pilot processing capability information comprises artificial intelligence (AI) capability information related to superimposed pilot processing.

38. The first device of claim 37, wherein, The AI capability information comprises at least one of the following: whether the device has the capability of running an AI model; AI model calculation amount; AI model parameter amount; AI model size; device computing power.

39. The first device of any one of claims 27-38, wherein, The device further comprises: a second receiving unit configured to receive a superimposed pilot measurement result, wherein the superimposed pilot measurement result is obtained by the second device based on the measurement configuration information. 40.A second device, comprising: a receiving unit configured to receive measurement configuration information related to a superimposed pilot; a first processing unit configured to perform wireless measurement on the received superimposed pilot based on the measurement configuration information.

41. The second device of claim 40, wherein, The measurement configuration information comprises: transmission power information of the superimposed pilot; a mapping relationship between a measurement result of the superimposed pilot and a reporting result; measurement assistance information.

42. The second device of claim 41, wherein, The transmission power information of the superimposed pilot comprises at least one of the following: transmission power deviation between pilots; transmission power of a pilot; power ratio of a pilot; superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; data information superimposed with the pilot; layer three filtering coefficient.

43. The second device of claim 41, wherein, The mapping relationship between the measurement result of the superimposed pilot and the reporting result comprises a mapping relationship between a measurement value interval of the superimposed pilot and a reporting index.

44. The second device of claim 41, wherein, The measurement assistance information comprises at least one of the following: position information of the first device; speed information of the first device.

45. The second device of claim 40, wherein, The measurement configuration information comprises model information of the superimposed pilot.

46. The second device of claim 45, wherein, The model information of the superimposed pilot comprises a superimposed pilot measurement model and / or an identifier of the superimposed pilot measurement model.

47. The second device of claim 40, wherein, The device further comprises: a first sending unit configured to send superimposed pilot processing capability information.

48. The second device of claim 47, wherein, The superimposed pilot processing capability information comprises at least one of the following: whether the device has the capability of performing measurement based on the superimposed pilot; superimposed pilot transmission power range; superimposed pilot transmission power proportion; superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern; processing duration of the superimposed pilot.

49. The second device of claim 42 or 48, wherein, The superimposed pilot transmission power distribution pattern comprises at least one of the following: the superimposed pilot has the same power ratio on all frequency domain resources and time domain resources covered by the superimposed pilot; the superimposed pilot has different power ratios on different frequency domain resources; the superimposed pilot has different power ratios on different time domain resources; the superimposed pilot has different power ratios on different frequency domain resources and time domain resources.

50. The apparatus of claim 47 or 48, wherein, The superimposed pilot processing capability information comprises AI capability information related to superimposed pilot processing.

51. The second device of claim 50, wherein, The AI capability information comprises at least one of the following: whether the device has the capability of running an AI model; AI model calculation amount; AI model parameter amount; AI model size; device computing power.

52. The second device of any of claims 40-51, wherein, The device further comprises: a second processing unit configured to perform wireless measurement based on the measurement configuration information to obtain a superimposed pilot measurement result; a second sending unit configured to send the superimposed pilot measurement result.

53. A communication device comprising: a transceiver for communicating with other methods, a processor for invoking and running the computer program stored in the memory to cause the communication method to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.

54. A communication device comprising: a transceiver for communicating with other methods, a processor for invoking and running the computer program stored in the memory to cause the communication method to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.

55. A chip comprising: a processor for invoking and running a computer program from a memory to cause the method in which the chip is installed to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.

56. A chip comprising: a processor for invoking and running a computer program from a memory to cause the method in which the chip is installed to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.

57. A computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program which, when run by a method, causes the method to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.

58. A computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program which, when run by a method, causes the method to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.

59. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions to cause a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.

60. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions to cause a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.

61. A computer program which causes a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.

62. A computer program which causes a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.

63. A communication system comprising: a first device for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 13; a second device for performing the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.

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