Negative-pressure reverse ventilation system and shield tunneling machine

Abstract

Disclosed are a negative-pressure reverse ventilation system and a shield tunneling machine. The shield tunneling machine comprises a shield tunneling machine main body (100), a screw conveyor (104), and a trolley (105). The negative-pressure reverse ventilation system comprises a negative-pressure exhaust system and a positive-pressure ventilation duct (900). The negative-pressure exhaust system comprises a gas suction pipeline, a negative-pressure generator (205), and an exhaust pipeline (206). A gas suction end of the gas suction pipeline is position-adjustable so as to align with dead corners inside the shield tunneling machine, a gas inlet end of the negative-pressure generator is connected to the gas suction pipeline and is used to suction gas, and the exhaust pipeline is used to discharge the gas suctioned by the negative-pressure generator into a tunnel along a tail end of the trolley. The positive-pressure ventilation duct is disposed in the shield tunneling machine, and the positive-pressure ventilation duct is used to introduce air into the tunnel to dilute the gas discharged from the exhaust pipeline to a safe concentration range, and to inject fresh gas into the shield tunneling machine.

Description

Negative pressure reverse ventilation system and shield machine

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202420778602.9, filed on April 16, 2024, entitled "Negative pressure reverse ventilation system and shield machine", the whole content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The utility model relates to a shield machine technical field, and particularly, relate to a kind of negative pressure reverse ventilation system.There is also a kind of shield machine using the above-mentioned negative pressure ventilation system. BACKGROUND

[0003] With the increasing of various complex stratum construction tunnels, many instability factors endangering the safety of shield tunneling are exposed.For example, in the process of earth pressure balance shield machine tunneling, gas or dirty air is easily discharged into the tunnel with spoil discharge;In the process of earth pressure balance shield machine opening warehouse and changing cutter, gas is easily penetrated and diffused into the host and tunnel through the man warehouse.With the increase of gas concentration in the tunnel, or a large amount of gas gradually gathers in the dead angle, it is easy to cause personnel suffocation and gas explosion and other engineering safety accidents.

[0004] The existing Chinese utility model with application No. 202310070963.8 discloses a shield machine ventilation system, which is connected with the inside of the tunnel by setting a ventilation device, and the gas in the dead angle of the shield machine flows slowly and exchanges inefficiently, so that the gas gathered and diffused in the dead angle of the shield machine cannot be discharged,

[0005] UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0006] The utility model provides a kind of negative pressure reverse ventilation system and shield machine, to solve how to improve the technical problems of gas exchange efficiency in shield machine, the gas gathered in the dead angle of shield machine is effectively discharged.

[0007] The utility model also provides a kind of shield machine, using the above-mentioned negative pressure ventilation system.

[0008] The utility model provides a kind of negative pressure reverse ventilation system, for the ventilation of shield machine, the shield machine includes shield machine main body, spiral machine being connected with shield machine main body and trolley being arranged at the tail of the spiral machine, the shield machine main body includes soil bin, person bin and host computer, the negative pressure reverse ventilation system includes negative pressure exhaust system and positive pressure ventilation pipeline, the negative pressure exhaust system includes the suction line being arranged in the shield machine for sucking the gas in the soil bin, the person bin, the host computer and the slag port of the spiral machine, negative pressure generator being arranged in the host computer and exhaust duct being connected with the gas outlet end of the negative pressure generator, the suction end position of the suction line is adjustable, the gas inlet end of the negative pressure generator is connected with the suction line and is used to absorb gas, the exhaust duct is used to exhaust the gas sucked by the negative pressure generator into tunnel along the tail end of trolley;The positive pressure ventilation pipeline is arranged in the shield machine, and the positive pressure ventilation pipeline is used to input the air outside tunnel into tunnel to dilute the gas discharged by the exhaust duct to installation concentration range, and the positive pressure ventilation pipeline is also used to inject fresh gas towards the shield machine.

[0009] Further, the suction main pipe includes first suction pipe, second suction pipe, third suction pipe, fourth suction pipe and suction main pipe, the first end of the first suction pipe extends into the soil bin, and the second end of the first suction pipe is connected with the suction main pipe;The first end of the second suction pipe extends into the person bin, and the second end of the second suction pipe is connected with the suction main pipe;The first end of the third suction pipe extends into the shield machine main body and is adjustable to align the dead angle in the shield machine main body, and the second end of the third suction pipe is connected with the suction main pipe;The first end of the fourth suction pipe is aligned with the slag port of the spiral machine, and the second end of the fourth suction pipe is connected with the suction main pipe.

[0010] Further, the first exhaust valve is arranged between the first suction pipe and the suction main pipe, the second exhaust valve is arranged between the second suction pipe and the suction main pipe, the third exhaust valve is arranged between the third suction pipe and the suction main pipe, and the fourth exhaust valve is arranged between the fourth suction pipe and the suction main pipe.

[0011] Further, the third suction pipe includes a plurality of branch pipes, and the plurality of branch pipes are respectively used to align different dead angles in the shield machine main body.

[0012] Further, the suction main pipe has a gas separation filter for separating gas and sludge, and the gas separation filter is located on the suction end side of the negative pressure generator.

[0013] Further, the air suction main pipe is further provided with a back flushing device, a first control valve is arranged between the gas separation filter and the negative pressure generator, a second control valve is arranged on the back flushing device, a third control valve is arranged between the gas separation filter and the back flushing device, and a blowdown valve is arranged on the gas separation filter.

[0014] Further, the soil bin is provided with a foam injector for filling foam mixture or bentonite slurry into the soil bin to prevent the face collapse.

[0015] Further, the air suction main pipe is provided with a bypass pipe, a first end of the bypass pipe is located at the air suction end of the negative pressure generator, a second end of the bypass pipe is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and a bypass valve is arranged on the bypass pipe.

[0016] The utility model further provides a shield machine which adopts the negative pressure ventilation system. Further, the shield machine body is provided with a thick mud pump and a thick mud pipe connected with the thick mud pump, the thick mud pipe is used for injecting thick mud along the radial direction of the shield machine body to the outside of the shield machine body to cut off the gas flow channel between the shield machine body and the outside of the tunnel shield segment.

[0017] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] In the negative pressure reverse ventilation system, the gas and the dirty air diffused in the shield and the gas discharged from the slag port of the screw machine are extracted by the air suction pipeline and discharged into the tunnel along the tail end of the trolley through the exhaust pipe, and the air outside the tunnel is input into the tunnel through the positive ventilation pipeline to mix with the discharged gas, so that the discharged gas is diluted, and the diluted mixed gas is in a safe concentration range. In the process of absorbing the gas by the air suction pipeline, the air suction end of the air suction pipeline can move freely to aim at the dead angle in the shield machine body, so as to absorb the gas gathered in the dead angle of the shield body, and effectively discharge the gas gathered in the dead angle of the shield machine. At the same time, the positive ventilation pipeline continuously injects fresh gas into the shield machine, improves the content of fresh air in the shield machine and speeds up the flow of gas, so as to improve the ventilation efficiency in the shield machine.

[0019] In summary, by setting the negative pressure generator to provide power for the gas suction pipeline in the shield machine, and setting the suction end of the gas suction pipeline as a flexible pipeline with adjustable position, the gas suction pipeline can be arranged in the dead angle of the shield machine, so that the suction end of the gas suction pipeline is aligned with the dead angle of the shield machine body, and the gas accumulated in the dead angle of the shield machine is effectively discharged, and the positive pressure ventilation pipeline continuously injects fresh gas into the shield machine, so that the content of fresh air in the shield machine is increased and the flow of gas is accelerated, thereby ensuring the improvement of the ventilation efficiency in the shield machine.

[0020] In addition to the purposes, features and advantages described above, the utility model has other purposes, features and advantages. The utility model will be further explained in detail below with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the utility model, and the schematic embodiments of the utility model and the explanation thereof are used to explain the utility model, and do not constitute improper limitation on the utility model. In the drawings:

[0022] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of the negative pressure reverse ventilation system of the preferred embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Fig. 2 is a layout schematic view of the thick mud pipeline of the preferred embodiment of the utility model.

[0024] Legend:

[0025] 100, shield machine body; 101, soil bin; 102, man bin; 103, main engine; 104, screw machine; 105, trolley;

[0026] 200, first gas suction pipeline; 201, second gas suction pipeline; 202, third gas suction pipeline; 203, fourth gas suction pipeline; 204, gas suction main pipeline; 205, negative pressure generator; 206, exhaust pipeline;

[0027] 300, first exhaust valve; 301, second exhaust valve; 302, third exhaust valve; 303, fourth exhaust valve;

[0028] 400, gas separation filter; 401, first control valve; 402, blowdown valve;

[0029] 500, backflushing device; 501, second control valve; 502, third control valve;

[0030] 600, foam injector;

[0031] 700, bypass pipe; 701, bypass valve;

[0032] 800, thick mud pump; 801, thick mud pipeline;

[0033] 900 positive pressure ventilation duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application can be implemented in various different ways as defined and covered by the following.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the negative pressure reverse ventilation system of the present embodiment is used for ventilation of a shield machine, the shield machine comprises a shield machine body 100, a screw machine 104 connected with the shield machine body 100, and a trolley 105 arranged at the tail of the screw machine 104, the shield machine body 100 comprises a soil bin 101, a man bin 102, and a main engine 103, the negative pressure reverse ventilation system comprises a negative pressure exhaust system and a positive pressure ventilation duct 900, the negative pressure exhaust system comprises an air suction pipeline arranged in the shield machine for sucking gas in the soil bin 101, the man bin 102, the main engine 103, and a slag port of the screw machine 104, a negative pressure generator 205 arranged in the main engine 103, and an exhaust duct 206 connected with the air outlet end of the negative pressure generator 205, the air suction end position of the air suction pipeline is adjustable, the air inlet end of the negative pressure generator 205 is connected with the air suction pipeline and used for absorbing gas, and the exhaust duct 206 is used for discharging the gas sucked by the negative pressure generator 205 into the tunnel along the tail end of the trolley 105; the positive pressure ventilation duct 900 is arranged in the shield machine, the positive pressure ventilation duct 900 is used for inputting air outside the tunnel into the tunnel to dilute the gas discharged by the exhaust duct 206 to an installation concentration range, and the positive pressure ventilation duct 900 is also used for injecting fresh gas into the shield machine.

[0036] In the present embodiment, the air suction pipeline is composed of multiple pipelines, which can be arranged flexibly according to the site requirement, and the purpose is to effectively absorb the gas in the shield machine, the negative pressure generator can be a water ring vacuum pump, a Venturi tube, or an electrically driven, liquid driven, or gas driven device, which is used for generating negative pressure to provide power for the air suction pipeline, discharging the gas in the shield machine after being absorbed, and simultaneously provided with a positive ventilation duct, the inlet of the duct is arranged outside the tunnel to absorb fresh air outside the tunnel and input into the tunnel, which can be mixed with the gas discharged into the tunnel through the exhaust duct 206 to dilute the gas to the installation concentration range, and on the other hand, the fresh gas can be injected into the shield machine to improve the content of fresh air in the shield machine and accelerate the flow of the gas, thereby ensuring the improvement of ventilation efficiency in the shield machine.

[0037] Specifically, in the negative pressure reverse ventilation system, the gas and dirty air diffused in the shield and the gas discharged from the slag port of the screw machine 104 are extracted by the suction pipeline and discharged into the tunnel along the tail end of the trolley 105 through the exhaust pipeline 206, and the air outside the tunnel is input into the tunnel through the positive ventilation pipeline to mix with the discharged gas, so as to dilute the discharged gas and ensure that the diluted mixed gas is within a safe concentration range. In the process of absorbing the gas by the suction pipeline, the suction end of the suction pipeline can move freely to align with the dead angle in the shield machine body 100, so as to facilitate the absorption of the gas accumulated in the dead angle of the shield body and effectively discharge the gas accumulated in the dead angle of the shield machine. At the same time, the positive ventilation pipeline 900 continuously injects fresh gas into the shield machine, improves the content of fresh air in the shield machine, and speeds up the flow of gas, thereby ensuring the improvement of the ventilation efficiency in the shield machine.

[0038] In summary, by setting the negative pressure generator 205 to provide power for the suction pipeline to extract the gas in the shield machine, and setting the suction end of the suction pipeline as a flexible pipeline with adjustable position, the suction pipeline can be arranged at the dead angle of the shield machine, so that the suction end of the suction pipeline aligns with the dead angle of the shield machine body 100, thereby effectively discharging the gas accumulated in the dead angle of the shield machine. At the same time, the positive ventilation pipeline 900 continuously injects fresh gas into the shield machine, improves the content of fresh air in the shield machine, and speeds up the flow of gas, thereby ensuring the improvement of the ventilation efficiency in the shield machine.

[0039] Further, the suction main pipe 204 includes a first suction pipe 200, a second suction pipe 201, a third suction pipe 202, a fourth suction pipe 203, and a suction main pipe 204. The first end of the first suction pipe 200 extends into the soil chamber 101, and the second end of the first suction pipe 200 is connected with the suction main pipe 204. The first end of the second suction pipe 201 extends into the man chamber 102, and the second end of the second suction pipe 201 is connected with the suction main pipe 204. The first end of the third suction pipe 202 extends into the shield machine body 100 and is adjustable to align with the dead angle in the shield machine body 100, and the second end of the third suction pipe 202 is connected with the suction main pipe 204. The first end of the fourth suction pipe 203 aligns with the slag port of the screw machine 104, and the second end of the fourth suction pipe 203 is connected with the suction main pipe 204.

[0040] In the embodiment, the air suction pipeline comprises a first air suction pipe 200, a second air suction pipe 201, a third air suction pipe 202, a fourth air suction pipe 203 and an air suction main pipe 204, and the soil bin 101, the personnel bin 102 and the main machine 103 are separated from each other, wherein the first air suction pipe 200 extends into the soil bin 101 and is used for absorbing the gas in the soil bin 101, the second air suction pipe 201 extends into the personnel bin 102 and is used for absorbing the gas in the personnel bin 102, and the third air suction pipe 202 is used for absorbing the gas in the main machine 103. Since the main machine 103 has a large space and many dead angles that are difficult to absorb, the first end of the third air suction pipe 202 is adjustable in position when arranged, so as to facilitate alignment with the dead angles in the main machine 103, so as to absorb the gas accumulated in the main machine 103, and eliminate the risk of engineering safety accidents such as suffocation of personnel and gas explosion. Moreover, the fourth air suction pipe 203 is arranged at the slag port of the screw machine 104, so as to absorb the gas or dirty air that is discharged and diffused during the tunneling construction of the shield machine. After the gas is absorbed by the air suction pipeline, the discharge point is transported, so that the gas is discharged into the tunnel along the tail end of the trolley 105, the probability of contact with an ignition source or personnel is greatly reduced, and the mixed gas after dilution by fresh air input from outside the tunnel is ensured to be within a safe concentration range. Moreover, since the fourth air suction pipe 203 is arranged, the screw machine 104 discharge port and the belt conveyor do not need to be wrapped, the gas generated at the slag port can be discharged in a targeted manner, the air suction pipeline is arranged flexibly and simply, the dirty gas at the arch or dead angle can be absorbed, and the flow direction of fresh air can be guided to the area with poor ventilation.

[0041] Further, the first air suction pipe 200 is provided with a first exhaust valve 300, the second air suction pipe 201 is provided with a second exhaust valve 301, the third air suction pipe 202 is provided with a third exhaust valve 302, and the fourth air suction pipe 203 is provided with a fourth exhaust valve 303. In the embodiment, the first exhaust valve 300, the second exhaust valve 301, the third exhaust valve 302, and the fourth exhaust valve 303 can control the pipeline flow of each air suction pipe. When one area with high gas content needs to be focused on for cleaning, the exhaust valve of the corresponding air suction pipe of the area to be cleaned can be opened, and the exhaust valves of other air suction pipes can be closed to enhance the air suction effect and improve the exhaust efficiency of the area. For example, when the main machine 103 needs to be focused on for exhaust, the third exhaust valve 302 can be opened, and the first exhaust valve 300, the second exhaust valve 301, and the fourth exhaust valve 303 can be closed, so as to improve the air suction efficiency of the negative pressure generator 205 in the main machine 103. The first exhaust valve 300, the second exhaust valve 301, the third exhaust valve 302, and the fourth exhaust valve 303 can be manually controlled manual valves, or can be electronically controlled electronic valves.

[0042] Further, the third air suction pipe 202 includes a plurality of branch pipes, and the plurality of branch pipes are respectively used for aligning different dead angles in the shield machine body 100. In the embodiment, the third air suction pipe 202 includes a plurality of branch pipes, and the plurality of branch pipes can be respectively aligned with a plurality of dead angles in the shield machine body 100, so as to improve the exhaust efficiency of the gas gathered in the dead angles.

[0043] Further, the air suction main pipe 204 is provided with a gas separation filter 400, and the gas separation filter 400 is located on the air suction end side of the negative pressure generator 205. In the embodiment, the gas separation filter 400 is used for filtering and absorbing the muck carried by the gas flow when the gas is absorbed, so as to prevent the muck from entering the negative pressure generator 205 and damaging the negative pressure generator 205.

[0044] Further, the suction main pipe 204 is further provided with a back flushing device 500, the gas separation filter 400 and the negative pressure generator 205 are provided with a first control valve 401, the back flushing device 500 is provided with a second control valve 501, the gas separation filter 400 and the back flushing device 500 are provided with a third control valve 502, and the gas separation filter 400 is provided with a blowdown valve 402. In the embodiment, the back flushing device 500 is used for cleaning each pipeline, the first control valve 401 is used for blocking the gas separation filter 400 and the negative pressure generator 205, so as to facilitate cleaning and blowdown of the gas separation filter 400 by using the back flushing device 500, the second control valve 501 is used for preventing the gas from being discharged through the back flushing device 500 in the process of gas flow when the gas is extracted. The third control valve is used for blocking the gas separation filter 400 and the subsequent pipeline, so as to facilitate flushing of the first suction pipe 200, the second suction pipe 201, the third suction pipe 202 and the fourth suction pipe 203, and the waste water after flushing is discharged by opening the blowdown valve 402.

[0045] Further, the soil bin 101 is provided with a foam injector 600, which is used for filling the foam mixture or bentonite slurry into the soil bin 101 to avoid collapse of the working face. In the embodiment, in order to improve the pressure in the soil bin 101, the foam mixture or bentonite slurry is used to fill the soil bin 101 to avoid collapse of the working face. In the process of filling, the original gas in the soil bin 101 can also be replaced, so that part of the replaced gas is reversely pressed back into the gas field or cavity of the shield tunneling machine, and the other part can be transported to the tail of the trolley 105 through the pipeline connected at the partition plate of the soil bin 101 and then discharged.

[0046] Further, the suction main pipe 204 is provided with a bypass pipe 700, a first end of the bypass pipe 700 is located at the side of the suction end of the negative pressure generator 205, a second end of the bypass pipe 700 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 206, and the bypass pipe 700 is provided with a bypass valve 701. In the embodiment, when the negative pressure generator 205 is not working, the gas can be automatically discharged through the pipeline by setting the bypass valve 701, especially when the foam mixture is injected into the soil bin 101 after foaming, the gas in the soil bin 101 is discharged through the first suction pipe 200 under the extrusion of the foam mixture, and then discharged into the tunnel through the bypass pipe 700 after passing through the suction main pipe 204. When the negative pressure generator 205 is used, the bypass valve 701 needs to be closed, and the bypass pipe 700 is used in cooperation with the negative pressure generator 205, so that the shield tunneling machine can actively discharge the dirty air or gas through the negative pressure generator 205, and can passively discharge the dirty air or gas through the bypass pipe 700.

[0047] Further, the negative pressure generator 205 is a water ring vacuum pump or a Venturi tube. In the embodiment, the negative pressure generator 205 adopts a device capable of generating negative pressure, thereby providing power for the suction pipeline to absorb and discharge the gas.

[0048] Further, the shield machine body 100 is provided with a thick slurry pump 800 and a thick slurry pipeline 801 connected with the thick slurry pump 800, the thick slurry pipeline 801 being used for injecting thick slurry along the radial direction of the shield machine body 100 to the outside of the shield machine body 100, so as to cut off the gas flow channel between the shield machine body 100 and the outside of the tunnel shield segment. In the embodiment, the thick slurry is injected along the radial direction of the shield body, so as to cut off the gas flow from the rear side of the shield machine to the front side of the shield machine, thereby ensuring that the working face of the shield machine is not gathered with gas, and improving the safety of the shield machine.

[0049] The utility model also provides a kind of shield machine, using above-mentioned negative pressure ventilation system. Therefore the shield machine includes all beneficial effects of the negative pressure ventilation system described above.

[0050] The above is only preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not used to limit the utility model, for the skilled person in the art, the utility model can have various changes and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc. that is made within the spirit and principle of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A negative pressure reverse ventilation system for ventilation of a shield tunneling machine, the shield tunneling machine comprising a shield machine body (100), an auger (104) connected to the shield machine body (100), and a trolley (105) arranged at a tail of the auger (104), the shield machine body (100) comprising a soil bin (101), a man bin (102), and a main machine (103), characterized in that, The negative pressure reverse ventilation system comprises: a negative pressure exhaust system, which comprises an air suction pipeline arranged in the shield machine for sucking gas in the soil bin (101), the personnel bin (102), the main machine (103) and the residue port of the screw machine (104), a negative pressure generator (205) arranged in the main machine (103) and an exhaust pipeline (206) connected with the air outlet end of the negative pressure generator (205), the air suction end of the air suction pipeline is adjustable, the air inlet end of the negative pressure generator (205) is connected with the air suction pipeline and used for absorbing gas, and the exhaust pipeline (206) is used for exhausting the gas sucked by the negative pressure generator (205) into the tunnel along the tail end of the trolley (105); a positive pressure ventilation pipeline (900) arranged in the shield machine, which is used for inputting air outside the tunnel into the tunnel to dilute the gas exhausted by the exhaust pipeline (206) to a concentration range, and is also used for injecting fresh gas into the shield machine.

2. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system of claim 1, wherein, The air suction pipeline comprises a first air suction pipe (200), a second air suction pipe (201), a third air suction pipe (202), a fourth air suction pipe (203) and an air suction main pipe (204) connected with the air inlet end of the negative pressure generator (205), the first end of the first air suction pipe (200) extends into the soil bin (101), and the second end of the first air suction pipe (200) is connected with the air suction main pipe (204); the first end of the second air suction pipe (201) extends into the personnel bin (102), and the second end of the second air suction pipe (201) is connected with the air suction main pipe (204); the first end of the third air suction pipe (202) extends into the shield machine body (100) and is adjustable to be aligned with dead angles in the shield machine body (100), and the second end of the third air suction pipe (202) is connected with the air suction main pipe (204); the first end of the fourth air suction pipe (203) is aligned with the residue port of the screw machine (104), and the second end of the fourth air suction pipe (203) is connected with the air suction main pipe (204).

3. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system of claim 2, wherein, The first air suction pipe (200) and the air suction main pipe (204) are provided with a first exhaust valve (300), the second air suction pipe (201) and the air suction main pipe (204) are provided with a second exhaust valve (301), the third air suction pipe (202) and the air suction main pipe (204) are provided with a third exhaust valve (302), and the fourth air suction pipe (203) and the air suction main pipe (204) are provided with a fourth exhaust valve (303).

4. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system of claim 2, wherein, The third air suction pipe (202) comprises a plurality of branch pipes, and the plurality of branch pipes are respectively used for aligning with different dead angles in the shield machine body (100).

5. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system of claim 2, wherein, The suction main pipe (204) is provided with a gas separation filter (400) for separating gas and sludge, and the gas separation filter (400) is located at the suction end side of the negative pressure generator (205).

6. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system of claim 5, wherein, The suction main pipe (204) is further provided with a backwashing device (500), a first control valve (401) is arranged between the gas separation filter (400) and the negative pressure generator (205), a second control valve (501) is arranged on the backwashing device (500), a third control valve (502) is arranged between the gas separation filter (400) and the backwashing device (500), and a blowdown valve (402) is arranged on the gas separation filter (400).

7. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system of claim 2, wherein, The soil bin (101) is provided with a foam injector (600) for filling foam mixture or bentonite slurry into the soil bin (101) to prevent the collapse of the working face.

8. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system of claim 7, wherein, The suction main pipe (204) is provided with a bypass pipe (700), the first end of the bypass pipe (700) is located at the suction end side of the negative pressure generator (205), the second end of the bypass pipe (700) is communicated with the exhaust pipe (206), and a bypass valve (701) is arranged on the bypass pipe (700).

9. The negative pressure reverse ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein The shield machine body (100) is provided with a thick slurry pump (800) and a thick slurry pipe (801) connected with the thick slurry pump (800), the thick slurry pipe (801) is used for injecting thick slurry along the radial direction of the shield machine body (100) to the outside of the shield machine body (100) to cut off the gas flow channel between the shield machine body (100) and the outside of the tunnel shield segment.

10. A tunneling machine characterized by, The negative pressure reverse ventilation system comprises the negative pressure reverse ventilation system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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