Energy saving methods, electronic device, storage medium and program product

Abstract

Provided in the present disclosure are energy saving methods, an electronic device, a storage medium and a program product. An energy saving method is applied to a mobile terminal (MT) of a reconfigurable intelligent surface, and comprises: receiving first control signaling, wherein the first control signaling is used for instructing an MT unit to execute an energy saving strategy; and executing the energy saving strategy on the basis of the first control signaling.

Description

Energy-saving methods, electronic devices, storage media, and software products

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202410502102.7, filed on April 24, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to an energy-saving method, electronic device, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0003] A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), also known as a reconfigurable smart metasurface, is an artificial electromagnetic material with programmable electromagnetic properties. By adjusting the phase state of each element, the direction or position of the emitted beam can be controlled, thus achieving control over the electromagnetic environment. The emergence of RIS has enabled wireless communication technology to evolve from passively adapting to the channel to changing and controlling the channel, achieving effects such as increasing channel capacity, adding rank, filling blind spots, and compensating for weak points, greatly improving the coverage performance of wireless communication networks. Because RIS elements do not require radio frequency links, compared to traditional communication equipment, RIS features low power consumption, ease of deployment, and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In a first aspect, an energy-saving method is provided, applied to a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface. The energy-saving method includes: receiving a first control command, the first control command instructing the MT to execute an energy-saving strategy; and executing the energy-saving strategy based on the first control command.

[0005] Secondly, an energy-saving method is provided for use in a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface. This energy-saving method includes: determining an energy-saving strategy to be used on the smart metasurface; and executing the energy-saving strategy.

[0006] Thirdly, an energy-saving method is provided for use in a base station. This energy-saving method includes: determining an energy-saving strategy to be used on the smart metasurface; and sending a first control command to the MT (Medium-Main Surface) of the smart metasurface, the first control command instructing the MT to execute the energy-saving strategy.

[0007] Fourthly, an energy-saving device is provided for use in a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface. The energy-saving device includes a receiving module and an execution module; wherein the receiving module is used to receive a first control command, the first control command being used to instruct the MT to execute an energy-saving strategy; and the execution module is used to execute the energy-saving strategy based on the first control command.

[0008] Fifthly, an energy-saving device is provided for use in a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface. The energy-saving device includes a determining module and an executing module; wherein the determining module is used to determine the energy-saving strategy to be used on the smart metasurface; and the executing module is used to execute the energy-saving strategy.

[0009] Sixthly, an energy-saving device is provided for use in a base station. The energy-saving device includes: a determining module and a transmitting module; wherein the determining module is used to determine an energy-saving strategy to be used by the intelligent metasurface; and the transmitting module is used to send a first control command to the MT element of the intelligent metasurface, the first control command being used to instruct the MT to execute the energy-saving strategy.

[0010] A seventh aspect provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes: a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions causing the electronic device to perform the energy-saving method described in any of the preceding aspects.

[0011] Eighthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for performing the energy-saving method described in any of the preceding aspects.

[0012] Ninthly, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the energy-saving method described in any of the preceding aspects. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely drawings of some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings.

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a RIS according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 3 is a flowchart of an energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a combined control of multiple array elements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a four-in-one control of multiple array elements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of eight-in-one control of multiple array elements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the location of a terminal according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 8 is a cycle diagram of a power-saving mode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 9 is a cycle diagram of another power-saving mode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 10 is a cycle diagram of another power-saving mode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 11 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 12 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 13 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a sparse array morphology activation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 15 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 16 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 17 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 18 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 19 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of multiple array elements using the same horizontal control line in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 21 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 22 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 23 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 24 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 25 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 26 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 27 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 28 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 29 is a flowchart of another energy-saving method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy-saving device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of another energy-saving device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another energy-saving device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the technical solutions of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0048] It should be noted that in this disclosure, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in this disclosure should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs of this disclosure. Specifically, the use of the words "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0049] In the following text, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with terms such as "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0050] In the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the symbol " / " indicates an "or" relationship; for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document represents only one type of relationship describing related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist; for example, A and / or B can mean: only A, only B, and A and B. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more.

[0051] This disclosure can be applied to various wireless communication systems, such as: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LIE-A (Advanced Long Term Evolution) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G), Beyond 5G (B5G), and 6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (6G) systems. This disclosure can also be applied to various wired communication systems, fixed networks, bearer networks, base station backhaul networks, etc., and is not limited to any particular type of system.

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication system includes a network device 110, a RIS 120, and a terminal device 130. In some embodiments, the network device 110, RIS 120, and terminal device 130 may be one or more, and this disclosure does not limit the number.

[0053] Network device 110 is used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. In some embodiments, network device 110 can send control information to RIS120. In some embodiments, network device 110 can also receive status information sent by RIS120.

[0054] For example, network device 120 may be a base station in Long Term Evolution (LTE), Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTEA) or Evolutionary Node B (eNB or eNodeB), base station equipment in 5G network, or base station in future communication system, etc. The base station may include various macro base stations, micro base stations, home base stations, wireless remote devices, routers, repeaters, wireless fidelity (WIFI) devices and other network-side devices.

[0055] The RIS120 is used to relay or forward electromagnetic waves emitted by the base station 110. In some embodiments, the RIS120 can cover a target area by relaying or forwarding electromagnetic waves emitted by the base station 110. The target area is typically an area with signal coverage requirements or a densely populated terminal area, such as a square in a park. The target area can be flexibly adjusted according to the signal coverage requirements of the scenario.

[0056] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2, RIS120 includes: a signal relay unit (also referred to as RIS-Forwarding (RIS-Fwd)) 121, and a communication control unit (also referred to as RIS-Mobile-Termination (RIS-MT)) 122.

[0057] RIS-Fwd 121, or metasurface panel, also known as antenna panel, consists of an array of reflective or transmissive antenna elements. By adjusting the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the incident wireless signal according to the control words or control codebooks of different antenna element arrays (the control codebook is used to control the spectrum, phase, amplitude, and polarization values ​​of each RIS element), the emitted beam can achieve different amplitudes, widths, frequency shifts, and emission angles, as well as variations such as single-beam reflection, multiple-beam reflection, diffuse scattering, refraction, and transmission.

[0058] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2, the RIS-MT 122 includes: a transceiver module 122-1, a controller module 122-2, and a memory module 122-3.

[0059] It should be noted that, depending on the actual needs, the RIS-MT 122 may also include more or fewer other modules. For example, the RIS-MT 122 may also include a built-in sensor module, which is not limited in this disclosure.

[0060] The transceiver module 122-1 is used to interact with other devices. For example, the transceiver module 122-1 can receive control information (e.g., codebook switching information) from the network device 110, and report the status information of RIS-Fwd 121 and RIS-MT122 to the network device 110 (e.g., a base station) or a third-party module.

[0061] For example, the transceiver module 122-1 can interact with other devices through narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), 5G communication technology, wireless network transmission (e.g., wireless fidelity, WiFi) and other means.

[0062] Controller module 122-2 is used to transmit relay beam indication (i.e., codebook) to RIS-Fwd 121 and to control the operating state of RIS-Fwd 121. Exemplarily, controller 122-2 can control the operating state of RIS-Fwd 121 according to the indication from network device 110, such as: on / off state (controlling whether RIS-Fwd 121 is working or not working, etc.); power control (controlling the amplitude of the reflected beam of RIS-Fwd 121); relay beam indication (codebook of the RIS array of RIS-Fwd 121).

[0063] Understandably, a codebook represents the relative relationship between an incident beam and an outgoing beam. Therefore, for a reflective array, a codebook can also be called a beam indication.

[0064] Memory module 122-3 is used to store codebooks. For example, memory module 122-3 may store a codebook library.

[0065] Terminal device 130 is used for communication based on electromagnetic waves radiated by RIS120.

[0066] For example, terminal device 130 may be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, virtual reality (VR) terminal, augmented reality (AR) terminal, wireless terminal in industrial control, wireless terminal in self-driving, wireless terminal in remote medical care, wireless terminal in smart grid, wireless terminal in transportation safety, wireless terminal in smart city, wireless terminal in smart home, etc. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the application scenarios. Terminal device 130 may also be a terminal device supporting a new radio interface (NR), which can access the communication system through the air interface and initiate services such as making calls and accessing the internet. Terminal device 130 may sometimes also be referred to as a user, user equipment (UE), access terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, UE terminal, wireless communication device, UE agent, or UE device, etc., and the embodiments of this disclosure do not limit this.

[0067] It should be noted that the above scenarios are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0068] RIS (Radio Frequency Identification) is an important technology in the field of wireless communication. Its emergence has enabled wireless communication technology to evolve from passively adapting to the channel to modifying and controlling it, achieving effects such as increasing channel capacity, adding rank, filling blind spots, and compensating for weak signals, thus significantly improving the coverage performance of wireless communication networks. Especially for high-frequency signals (e.g., millimeter waves), RIS technology can effectively improve signal coverage. While RIS inherently possesses the advantage of low power consumption compared to other communication devices, it also faces the challenge of improving energy efficiency. How to minimize RIS power consumption without affecting communication performance and quality is of great significance for the practical commercialization and subsequent promotion of RIS.

[0069] To address the above issues, please refer to Figure 3. Figure 3 is a flowchart of an energy-saving method provided by an embodiment of this disclosure. The method provided by this embodiment can be applied to a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface. As shown in Figure 3, the energy-saving method provided by this embodiment includes steps S101-S102.

[0070] S101, Receive the first control command.

[0071] The first control command is used to instruct MT to execute the energy-saving strategy.

[0072] In some embodiments, after the base station determines the energy-saving strategy to be used on the smart metasurface, it can send a first control command to the MT. The MT can receive and parse the first control command to determine the energy-saving strategy.

[0073] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes at least one of the following: enabling a co-control scheme for the antenna panel (Fwd) of the smart metasurface, wherein the co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements; activating the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface, wherein the sparse array configuration is used to characterize that a portion of the array elements on the antenna panel of the smart metasurface are in an active state, while another portion of the array elements are not in an active state; powering down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface; activating the power-saving mode of the MT; and using a new energy power supply method for the smart metasurface. Exemplarily, the new energy power supply method includes: a power supply method using solar cells.

[0074] In some embodiments, the information of the array element co-control scheme includes at least one of the following: co-control granularity and co-control type. Co-control granularity is used to characterize the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel; co-control type is used to characterize the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel.

[0075] In some embodiments, the co-control granularity includes: two-in-one co-control, four-in-one co-control, eight-in-one co-control, etc. Two-in-one co-control is used to characterize one control line in the antenna panel simultaneously controlling two array elements. Four-in-one co-control is used to characterize one control line in the antenna panel simultaneously controlling four array elements. Eight-in-one co-control is used to characterize one control line in the antenna panel simultaneously controlling eight array elements.

[0076] In some embodiments, the co-control types include: horizontal co-control, vertical co-control, left-angled co-control, right-angled co-control, subarray co-control, etc.

[0077] For example, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the combined control of multiple array elements. As shown in Figure 4, the combined control includes: horizontal combined control, vertical combined control, left diagonal combined control, and right diagonal combined control. Multiple array elements are simultaneously controlled through the horizontal combined control line, vertical combined control line, left diagonal combined control line, and right diagonal combined control line.

[0078] For example, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of four-in-one control of multiple array elements. As shown in Figure 5, multiple array elements are controlled simultaneously through the four-in-one subarray control line.

[0079] For example, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the eight-in-one control of multiple array elements. As shown in Figure 6, multiple array elements are controlled simultaneously through the eight-in-one control line of the sub-array.

[0080] S102. Based on the first control command, execute the energy-saving strategy.

[0081] In some embodiments, the MT parses the corresponding energy-saving strategy based on the first control instruction and executes the energy-saving strategy. As an example, if the energy-saving strategy is to enable a co-control scheme for array elements, the MT can determine the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel and the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel based on the co-control granularity and co-control type in the co-control scheme. The MT can send control instructions to the antenna panel to make the antenna panel meet the aforementioned co-control granularity and co-control type. As another example, if the energy-saving strategy is for the smart metasurface to use a new energy power supply method, the MT can control the smart metasurface to use a new energy power supply method based on the first control instruction, for example, controlling the smart metasurface to use a solar cell power supply method.

[0082] Understandably, the mobile terminal (MT) of the smart metasurface, upon receiving the first control command, can determine the energy-saving strategy to be used. Executing this strategy optimizes the operating mode and power control of the smart metasurface, thereby reducing its power consumption. Furthermore, the energy-saving strategy may optimize the communication performance of the smart metasurface, improving communication quality and speed. This reduces power consumption while enhancing communication stability, ultimately improving the user experience. Moreover, with the increasing global demand for renewable energy and low-carbon technologies, the energy-saving strategy makes the smart metasurface more environmentally friendly and aligns with the trend of sustainable development.

[0083] In some embodiments, when the energy-saving strategy includes enabling a co-control scheme for the antenna panel of a smart metasurface, the co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements. The first control instruction includes at least one of the following: information on the co-control scheme to be used, an identifier of the antenna panel, codebook information used by the antenna panel, and effective time information of the co-control scheme to be used.

[0084] In some embodiments, the information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: co-control granularity and co-control type; wherein, co-control granularity is used to characterize the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel; and co-control type is used to characterize the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel.

[0085] In some embodiments, the information on the co-control granularity and co-control type of the array element co-control scheme to be used can be referred to the description in S101 above, and will not be repeated here in this embodiment of the disclosure.

[0086] In some embodiments, the identification of the antenna panel includes: a number corresponding to the antenna panel or a unique identification code corresponding to the antenna panel.

[0087] It is understandable that a single MT may control multiple antenna panels. Therefore, it is crucial that the information of the antenna panels be included in the information of the array element co-control scheme to be used. When the MT needs to send a command to the antenna panel, it can ensure that the command is accurately delivered to the designated antenna panel, thus ensuring the accuracy of command transmission and the reliability of communication.

[0088] In some embodiments, codebook information includes the codebook number (or identifier) ​​used or the set number of the codebook set to which the codebook used belongs.

[0089] It should be noted that different array element co-control schemes can be pre-configured with codebooks of different granularities. Therefore, the codebook number can indicate which set of codebooks or codebooks to use for array element co-control, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of array element co-control.

[0090] In some embodiments, the effective time information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: start time, duration, and end time. For example, based on the above effective time information, the MT can use the array element co-control scheme when the start time arrives, and stop using the array element co-control scheme based on the duration and end time.

[0091] It is understandable that co-control of array elements allows multiple array elements to be controlled using the same control line. Generally, the power consumption of an antenna panel is proportional to the number of control lines; therefore, co-control of array elements can significantly reduce the power consumption of the antenna panel. However, since multiple array elements use the same control line, only multiple array elements using the same control line can be adjusted to the same phase. Therefore, one co-control scheme cannot meet all scenarios. In some scenarios, the performance of the smart metasurface may be comparable to that of array element control, while in others, the performance of the smart metasurface may degrade. Therefore, different co-control schemes need to be set according to different scenarios. In the method provided in this disclosure embodiment, when the energy-saving strategy includes enabling a co-control scheme for the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, the co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements. The MT only needs to select a portion of the control lines connected to Fwd to control all array elements, and the co-controlled array elements are adjusted to the same phase, thereby reducing the power consumption of the control lines and thus reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface.

[0092] In some embodiments, the method further includes sending array element co-control capability information to a base station. The array element co-control capability information is used to indicate the array element co-control scheme supported by the smart metasurface. Exemplarily, the array element co-control capability information includes: the co-control granularity supported by the smart metasurface and the co-control type supported by the smart metasurface.

[0093] In some embodiments, the array element co-control capability information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the identification of the antenna panel, and the location information of the terminal. For example, the location information of the terminal may be the distance of the terminal relative to the center of the smart metasurface, and the pitch and horizontal angles of the terminal relative to the center of the smart metasurface, etc.

[0094] In some embodiments, the array element co-control capability information is also used to indicate the identifier of the antenna panel of the current smart metasurface and the codebook information used by the antenna panel of the current smart metasurface.

[0095] It is understood that the method provided in this disclosure sends array element co-control capability information to the base station through the MT. The base station can adjust the array element co-control scheme of the smart metasurface more accurately according to the array element co-control capability information provided by the MT, so that the array element co-control scheme is more applicable to the smart metasurface, thereby reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface while improving the stability and reliability of the communication system and improving the communication quality.

[0096] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface (i.e., the combination configuration of the antenna panel array), wherein the sparse array configuration is used to characterize that a portion of the array elements on the antenna panel of the smart metasurface are in an active state, while another portion of the array elements are not in an active state. The first control instruction includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the sparse array configuration to be used, codebook information, an identifier of the antenna panel, and activation time information of the sparse array configuration to be used.

[0097] For example, the base station can send a first control command to the MT to indicate the identifier of the sparse array pattern of the smart metasurface. One or more sparse array patterns are pre-stored in the smart metasurface, each corresponding to an identifier. Based on the identifier of the sparse array pattern to be used in the first control command, the MT determines the corresponding sparse array pattern and sends indication information to the antenna panel to indicate the sparse array pattern of the array elements of the antenna panel (e.g., the bit pattern to be activated).

[0098] In some embodiments, the base station can also directly indicate the specific details of the sparse array configuration to the MT, that is, directly indicate the activation bit pattern of the array elements to the MT, so that the MT can adjust the operating state of the array elements on the antenna panel. For example, the operating state of the array elements can be adjusted by adjusting the phase of the array elements. Inactive array elements do not undergo phase adjustment and maintain specular reflection.

[0099] In some embodiments, codebook information includes: codebook number or codebook in sparse matrix form.

[0100] In some embodiments, the identification of the antenna panel includes: a number corresponding to the antenna panel or a unique identification code corresponding to the antenna panel.

[0101] It is understandable that a single MT may control multiple antenna panels. Therefore, it is crucial that the information on the sparse array configuration of the antenna panel elements include the antenna panel identifier. When the MT needs to send a command to the antenna panel, it can ensure that the command is accurately delivered to the designated antenna panel, thus guaranteeing the accuracy of command transmission and consequently ensuring the reliability of communication.

[0102] In some embodiments, the effective time information of the sparse array configuration to be used includes: start time, end time, and duration. For example, based on the above effective time information of the sparse array configuration, the MT can control the antenna panel to use the sparse array configuration when the start time arrives, and stop using the sparse array configuration based on the duration and end time.

[0103] It is understood that in the method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface (i.e., the combination configuration of the antenna panel array), which can determine the working state of the array elements on the antenna panel. By using the sparse array configuration, only some of the array elements on the antenna panel are activated, thereby reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface.

[0104] In some embodiments, when the energy-saving strategy includes powering down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, the first control command includes at least one of the following: power-down indication, power-down indication effective time information, identification of the antenna panel, and power-down reason.

[0105] For example, the power-down indicator can be an identifier, such as 0, which can represent the power-down indicator.

[0106] In some embodiments, the effective time information of the power-down indication includes at least one of the following: start time, duration, and end time.

[0107] In some embodiments, the identifier of the antenna panel in the first control command includes: the number corresponding to the antenna panel or the unique identifier code corresponding to the antenna panel.

[0108] It is understandable that a single MT may control multiple antenna panels. Therefore, it is crucial that the antenna panel's identification be included in the power-down information. When the MT needs to send a command to the antenna panel, it can ensure that the command is accurately delivered to the designated antenna panel, guaranteeing the accuracy of command transmission and thus ensuring the reliability of communication.

[0109] In some embodiments, the power-down reason includes: the terminal's location information is located within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface. Exemplarily, the terminal's location information includes: the horizontal angle and pitch angle of the terminal relative to the center of the antenna panel.

[0110] In some embodiments, when the terminal is located within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel (i.e., the terminal enters the specular beam of the smart metasurface), the angle of the terminal's position relative to the antenna panel is between the incident angle and the exit angle of the specular reflection of the antenna panel.

[0111] Understandably, when the terminal's location information is located within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel, the reflected signal within this area may interfere with the signal received by the terminal, leading to a decrease in communication quality. Powering off the antenna panel can reduce this interference. Furthermore, within the specular reflection area, the terminal may receive multiple reflected signals of the same signal, potentially causing multipath effects and further impacting signal reception quality. Powering off the antenna panel helps reduce such occurrences and improves signal reception quality.

[0112] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving a second control command. The second control command is used to instruct the antenna panel of the smart metasurface to be powered on. Exemplarily, after receiving the second control command, the MT can control the antenna panel to be powered on based on the content of the second control command.

[0113] In some embodiments, the second control instruction includes at least one of the following: a power-on indication, power-on indication effective time information, an identification of the antenna panel, a power-on reason, and codebook information used by the antenna panel after power-on.

[0114] For example, the power-on indicator can be an identifier, such as 1, which can represent the power-on indicator.

[0115] In some embodiments, the effective time information of the power-on indication includes at least one of the following: start time, duration, and end time.

[0116] In some embodiments, the antenna panel identifier in the second control command includes: the number corresponding to the antenna panel or the unique identifier code corresponding to the antenna panel.

[0117] Understandably, a single MT may control multiple antenna panels. Therefore, it is crucial that the antenna panel's identifier be included in the power-on information. When the MT needs to send a command to the antenna panel, it can ensure that the command is accurately delivered to the designated antenna panel, guaranteeing the accuracy of command transmission and thus ensuring the reliability of communication.

[0118] In some embodiments, the power-on reason includes: the location information of the terminal is outside the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0119] In some embodiments, when the terminal is located outside the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel (i.e., the terminal is outside the specular beam of the smart metasurface), the angle of the terminal's position relative to the antenna panel is outside the incident and exit angles of the specular reflection of the antenna panel.

[0120] For example, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the terminal's position. As shown in Figure 7, when there is no codebook, the specular reflection of the antenna panel results in the incident angle equal to the exit angle. However, when there is a codebook, the specular reflection of the antenna panel can control the beam's direction, i.e., control the range of the exit angle. Furthermore, as can be seen from Figure 7, when the terminal is in position 1, it is entering the specular beam. When the terminal is in position 2, it is leaving the specular beam.

[0121] Understandably, when the terminal is outside the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel, the interference of reflected signals from the specular reflection area on the signal received by the terminal is reduced. Powering on the antenna panel can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal received by the terminal, thereby improving communication quality. Furthermore, to prevent terminals from interfering with communication, powering on the antenna panel after the terminal leaves the specular reflection area can enhance signal quality and maintain the stability of the communication connection.

[0122] In some embodiments, the codebook information used by the antenna panel after power-on includes: the codebook number of the codebook used by the antenna panel after power-on.

[0123] Understandably, when the base station detects that the terminal's position is exactly in the mirror direction of the antenna panel through terminal measurement reports, smart metasurface codebook measurement reports, or third-party sensor measurements, the base station sends an antenna panel power-off instruction to the MT. At this time, the MT controls the antenna panel to power down, and the natural mirror reflection is sufficient to meet the current coverage requirements of the terminal. When the terminal moves away from the mirror reflection position of the antenna panel, the MT controls the antenna panel to power on again, loads the codebook, and sends the signal to the designated terminal location. Generally, the power of the mirror reflection of the antenna panel itself is equivalent to the power of the codebook loaded in the mirror direction. In fact, due to the absence of element insertion loss, the power of the mirror reflection of the antenna panel itself may be slightly higher than the power when the codebook is loaded. Moreover, the beamwidth is related to the aperture of the antenna panel array and is comparable to the narrow beamwidth designed for the codebook, which is sufficient for communication use. Furthermore, due to the limited reflectivity of the antenna panel, some power is still emitted from the mirror direction after the codebook is used. When the codebook is also pointing in the mirror direction, the two parts of power may cause a reduction in the flow rate and reference signal receiving power (RSRP) due to phase superposition or multipath effect. Therefore, by indicating that the antenna panel is powered on or off, the superposition interference of the two parts of power in the mirror direction of the antenna panel can be avoided, thereby improving the performance of the terminal in the mirror direction of the antenna panel.

[0124] In some embodiments, when the energy-saving strategy includes activating the power-saving mode of the MT cell of the smart metasurface, the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: power-saving mode activation time information, power-saving mode period, wake-up time, power-saving mode triggering reason, and smart metasurface cell information.

[0125] In some embodiments, the power saving mode activation time information includes at least one of the following: start time (e.g., the starting frame, time slot, or symbol position), duration (e.g., the number of frames, time slots, or symbols that last), and end time (e.g., the ending frame, time slot, or symbol position).

[0126] In some embodiments, the power-saving mode period includes: a long-cycle mode, a short-cycle mode, or a semi-persistent mode. For example, the duration of the power-saving mode corresponding to the long-cycle mode or the short-cycle mode can be pre-agreed upon by the base station and the smart metasurface. For instance, the long-cycle mode can be set to allow interactive control between the base station and the MT every 5 minutes, and the short-cycle mode can be set to allow interactive control between the base station and the MT every 1 minute.

[0127] In some embodiments, the semi-persistent mode involves a long interaction period and a short control period. That is, the MT switches codebooks according to a preset polling order and frequency to activate the power-saving mode. The MT stores the polling codebook number, polling order, and frequency in advance, or the base station can send the polling codebook number, polling order, and frequency to the MT in advance.

[0128] For example, Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the power-saving mode cycle. As shown in Figure 8, in long-cycle mode, after the MT or base station initiates the power-saving mode activation indication, the MT detects and parses the base station's signaling. At this time, the base station and MT can interact normally. Next, in the preparation phase, the MT processes the remaining tasks. Then, the MT receives the base station's first control command and executes the power-saving mode-related content in the first control command. Next, the MT enters a sleep state and does not accept the base station's first control command. When the time is greater than or equal to the preset time interval for interaction between the base station and MT in long-cycle mode, the MT can receive the base station's first control command and execute the content of the first control command. Finally, the MT can exit the power-saving mode, at which point the MT and base station can interact normally.

[0129] For example, Figure 9 illustrates another cycle of power-saving mode. As shown in Figure 9, in short-cycle mode, after the MT or base station initiates an activation indication for power-saving mode, the MT detects and parses the base station's signaling. At this time, normal interaction can occur between the base station and the MT. Next, during the preparation phase, the MT processes the remaining tasks. Then, the MT receives the base station's first control command and executes the power-saving mode-related content in the first control command. Next, the MT enters a sleep state and does not accept the base station's first control command. When the time is greater than or equal to the preset time interval for interaction between the base station and the MT in short-cycle mode, the MT can receive the base station's first control command and execute its content. Next, the MT enters a sleep state and does not accept the base station's first control command. Then, the MT receives the base station's first control command and executes the power-saving mode-related content in the first control command. Finally, the MT can exit power-saving mode, at which point normal interaction can occur between the MT and the base station.

[0130] For example, Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another power-saving mode cycle. As shown in Figure 10, in semi-persistent mode, after the MT or base station initiates the power-saving mode activation instruction, the MT detects and parses the base station's signaling. At this time, the base station and MT can interact normally. Next, in the preparation phase, the MT processes the remaining tasks. Then, the MT receives the base station's first control instruction and executes the power-saving mode-related content in the first control instruction. Then, the MT enters a semi-dormant state, not interacting with the base station, but can switch codebooks according to a preset polling order and frequency. Next, the MT receives the base station's first control instruction and executes the power-saving mode-related content in the first control instruction. Finally, the MT can exit the power-saving mode, at which point the MT and base station can interact normally.

[0131] In some embodiments, after receiving the power saving mode activation indication reported by the MT, the base station can send an acknowledgment indication to the MT. The base station will then send interactive control information (e.g., a first control command) to the MT within a specific MT activation time according to the content of the power saving mode activation indication reported by the MT.

[0132] In some embodiments, the wake-up time (also known as the duty cycle in a power-saving mode) can represent the duration of the non-sleep state within a cycle, and the duration of the non-sleep state within a cycle can be monitored and controlled.

[0133] In some embodiments, the cell information of the smart metasurface in the first control command includes: the cell number of the smart metasurface and the unique identification code of the cell of the smart metasurface.

[0134] It is understandable that real-time beam switching of intelligent metasurfaces can adapt to scenarios with irregular user movement and stable real-time services for multiple users. However, because the MT (Medium-Driven Surface) needs to communicate continuously with the base station, it results in significant power consumption. In many application scenarios, users may remain stationary for a period of time or exhibit regular movement. In such cases, the MT can enter a power-saving mode to reduce power consumption. For example, when a user stays in a seat in a coffee shop or library, the MT can avoid interacting with the base station to switch beams for a period of time. Alternatively, users in vehicles or Ferris wheels moving at a fixed speed can switch beams according to a preset switching sequence, without requiring interaction between the base station and the MT. This embodiment of the present disclosure reduces the power consumption of the intelligent metasurface without affecting its working quality and efficiency by instructing the activation of the power-saving mode of the MT unit.

[0135] It is understood that in the method provided in this disclosure embodiment, the frequency and angle range of beam switching of the smart metasurface over a period of time are statistically analyzed to determine whether the conditions for MT activation power-saving mode are met, and a suitable switching cycle is determined. By setting long and short cycles or semi-persistent modes, the base station does not communicate with the MT during abnormal interaction periods. A suitable cycle and duty cycle can be selected according to the actual interaction frequency to minimize the power consumption caused by the interaction between the base station and the MT.

[0136] In some embodiments, the method further includes sending feedback information of the first control command to the base station. The feedback information includes at least one of the following: a flag indicating successful receipt of the first control command, a flag indicating whether the smart metasurface meets the conditions for entering power-saving mode, and cell information of the smart metasurface.

[0137] In some embodiments, the flag indicating successful reception of the first control command is used to indicate that the MT has successfully received and parsed the flag indicating activation of the power saving mode.

[0138] In some embodiments, the cell information of the smart metasurface in the feedback information includes: the cell number of the smart metasurface and the unique identification code of the cell of the smart metasurface.

[0139] In some embodiments, if the current smart metasurface supports entering a power-saving mode, i.e., the smart metasurface has a flag indicating that it is ready to enter a power-saving mode, then the MT enters the power-saving mode according to the power-saving mode, power-saving mode period, wake-up time (duty cycle), etc., set in the first control instruction. If the current smart metasurface does not support entering a power-saving mode, i.e., the smart metasurface does not have a flag indicating that it is ready to enter a power-saving mode, then after the MT sends feedback information to the base station, the base station and the MT will maintain their original operating modes.

[0140] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving a third control instruction. The third control instruction is used to instruct the smart metasurface to exit the power-saving mode.

[0141] In some embodiments, if the MT needs to actively exit the power-saving mode, the MT can report a flag indicating that it needs to exit the power-saving mode to the base station, which can then restore the base station to its normal active state interaction behavior. After receiving the flag indicating that it needs to exit the power-saving mode reported by the MT, the base station sends a third control command to the MT to cause the smart metasurface to exit the power-saving mode.

[0142] In some embodiments, where the energy-saving strategy includes the use of a new energy power supply mode for the smart metasurface, the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: a switching index for the new energy power supply mode, a switching threshold for the new energy power supply mode, and a detection frequency. After the base station sends a low control instruction to the MT, the MT can determine and switch the power supply mode used by the smart metasurface based on the content of the first control instruction under specific conditions (e.g., meeting the switching threshold for the new energy power supply mode).

[0143] In some embodiments, the switching indicators for new energy power supply methods include: power, voltage, battery charge, light intensity, temperature, etc.

[0144] In some embodiments, the switching threshold for the new energy power supply mode includes: a power threshold for the smart metasurface and a light threshold for the smart metasurface. For example, the power threshold of the smart metasurface can be 50%, and the light threshold of the smart metasurface can be 1000 lux.

[0145] In some embodiments, the detection frequency is used to indicate the frequency at which the smart metasurface is being tested to determine whether it is powered by a new energy source. For example, the detection frequency could be once per minute.

[0146] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned energy-saving strategy can be implemented as follows: obtaining the switching index of the new energy power supply mode; and switching to the new energy power supply mode when the switching index of the new energy power supply mode meets the switching threshold.

[0147] In some embodiments, the switching indicators for the new energy power supply mode include: the electrical charge of the smart metasurface and the illumination intensity of the smart metasurface. For example, if the electrical charge of the smart metasurface is less than 50%, or if the illumination intensity of the smart metasurface is greater than 1000 lux, then the new energy power supply mode is switched to.

[0148] In some embodiments, when the energy-saving strategy includes the use of new energy power supply methods on the smart metasurface, the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: switching time information of the new energy power supply method, and identification of the new energy power supply method.

[0149] In some embodiments, the switching time information of the new energy power supply mode includes: start time, duration, and end time.

[0150] In some embodiments, the method further includes: sending power supply measurement information to the base station. The power supply measurement information includes at least one of the following: operating indicators of new energy power supply methods, operating indicators of non-new energy power supply methods, and environmental information.

[0151] In some embodiments, the operating indicators of a new energy power supply method include: remaining power, power, voltage, and battery health status. For example, the operating indicators of a new energy power supply method may be the power and voltage of the solar panel.

[0152] In some embodiments, the operating indicators of non-renewable energy power supply methods include: remaining power, power, voltage, and power supply health status. For example, the operating indicators of non-renewable energy power supply methods can be the power and voltage of AC power supply methods.

[0153] In some embodiments, environmental information includes temperature information and light intensity information collected by sensors on the MT.

[0154] In some embodiments, the power supply measurement information further includes: the operating status of the new energy power supply method. An exemplary operating status of the new energy power supply method includes: whether the new energy power supply method is normal and available.

[0155] In some embodiments, after receiving the power supply measurement information, the base station makes a decision on the power supply mode of the MT and sends a switching command to the MT, instructing the MT to switch to the corresponding power supply mode at a specific time.

[0156] In some embodiments, the switching instruction includes at least one of the following: the effective time information of the power supply mode and the power supply mode to be switched to.

[0157] In some embodiments, the effective time information of the power supply mode includes: start time, duration, and end time.

[0158] In some embodiments, the power supply mode that needs to be switched to includes: solar power supply mode, AC power supply mode, DC power supply mode, etc.

[0159] In some embodiments, after receiving a handover instruction from the base station, the MT may send feedback information to the base station. The feedback information includes at least one of the following: whether the handover was successful, and the reason for the handover failure.

[0160] In some embodiments, the reasons for switching failure include: the power supply mode is not supported, the power supply is insufficient due to low battery, or the function is not working properly.

[0161] For example, when the base station detects that the power supply sensor measurement information reported by the MT meets the requirements for powering the smart metasurface using the solar power supply mode, the base station sends a solar power supply switching command to the MT. The MT then uses the solar power supply mode and periodically reports to the base station whether the power of the solar power supply mode meets the current power supply requirements. If the base station detects that the power of the solar power supply mode does not meet the current power supply requirements, the base station issues an instruction to the MT to instruct the MT to return to the normal power supply mode.

[0162] In some embodiments, the MT can also actively trigger a power supply mode switch and send feedback information to the base station. For example, when the MT actively triggers a power supply mode switch, it can report a power supply mode switch indication to the base station. The power supply mode switch indication includes at least one of the following: the current power supply mode, the reason for the power supply mode switch (i.e., the indicator that triggered the switch), the specific value of the indicator that triggered the switch, and the parameters of the sensors in the smart metasurface.

[0163] It is understandable that using solar power can reduce reliance on the traditional power grid, thereby lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions. Simultaneously, solar power can reduce the operating costs and power consumption of the smart metasurface. Furthermore, although solar power supply may be affected by factors such as weather and seasons, the method provided in this disclosure can intelligently switch power supply modes, automatically switching to normal power supply when solar energy is insufficient or unavailable (i.e., the power does not meet the power requirements of the smart metasurface), ensuring the stable operation of the smart metasurface.

[0164] Referring to Figure 11, it is a flowchart of an energy-saving method provided by an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, the energy-saving method provided by this embodiment of the disclosure is applied to the MT of a smart metasurface, including S201-S202.

[0165] S201. Determine the energy-saving strategy to be used for the intelligent metasurface.

[0166] In some embodiments, the MT can determine the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface based on the state information of the smart metasurface and the location information and beam information of the terminal.

[0167] S202, Implement energy-saving strategies.

[0168] In some embodiments, MT controls the smart metasurface to execute energy-saving strategies based on the specific content of the energy-saving strategy.

[0169] Understandably, the mobile terminal (MT) of the smart metasurface can optimize the operating mode and power control of the smart metasurface by determining and executing the energy-saving strategy to be used, thereby reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface. Furthermore, the energy-saving strategy may optimize the communication performance of the smart metasurface; by executing the energy-saving strategy, communication quality and speed can be improved, enhancing communication stability while reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface, thus improving the user experience.

[0170] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG12, the above S201 can be implemented as: S301-S302.

[0171] S301. Obtain the terminal's location information and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface.

[0172] In some embodiments, the location information of the terminal includes: the incident angle, exit angle, pitch angle, horizontal angle, and straight-line distance between the terminal and the center of the smart metasurface.

[0173] In some embodiments, the beam information of the smart metasurface includes: the incident angle and the exit angle of the mirror, etc.

[0174] In some embodiments, the MT itself can acquire the terminal's location information and the beam information of the smart metasurface, or it can acquire the terminal's location information and the beam information of the smart metasurface based on information reported by a third-party sensor.

[0175] S302. If the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface meet the array element co-control conditions, determine that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is the array element co-control scheme of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0176] As an example, the co-control conditions for array elements include: the incident angle and the exit angle of the terminal respectively satisfy a preset angle threshold. As another example, the co-control conditions for array elements include: the pitch angle and the horizontal angle of the terminal respectively satisfy a preset angle threshold. As yet another example, the co-control conditions for array elements include: the incident angle and the exit angle of the mirror respectively satisfy a preset angle threshold.

[0177] In some embodiments, based on prior simulation and measurement results, the correspondence between the terminal's location information and different array element co-control schemes can be pre-configured. The MT can determine the corresponding array element co-control scheme based on the correspondence between the terminal's location information and the array element co-control scheme, and then enable that array element co-control scheme.

[0178] In some embodiments, based on prior simulation and measurement results, the beam information of the smart metasurface and the correspondence between different array element co-control schemes can be pre-configured. The MT can determine the corresponding array element co-control scheme based on the correspondence between the beam information of the smart metasurface and the array element co-control scheme, and enable the array element co-control scheme.

[0179] It is understandable that co-control of array elements allows multiple array elements to be controlled using the same control line. Generally, the power consumption of an antenna panel is proportional to the number of control lines; therefore, co-control of array elements can significantly reduce the power consumption of the antenna panel. However, since multiple array elements use the same control line, only multiple array elements using the same control line can be adjusted to the same phase. Therefore, one co-control scheme cannot meet all scenarios. In some scenarios, the performance of the smart metasurface may be comparable to that of array element control, while in others, the performance of the smart metasurface may degrade. Therefore, different co-control schemes need to be set according to different scenarios. In the method provided in this disclosure embodiment, when the energy-saving strategy includes enabling a co-control scheme for the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, the co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements. The MT only needs to select a portion of the control lines connected to the antenna panel to control all array elements. The co-controlled array elements are adjusted to the same phase, thereby reducing the power consumption of the control lines and thus reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface.

[0180] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG13, the above S201 can be implemented as: S401-S402.

[0181] S401. Obtain the terminal's location information and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface.

[0182] In some embodiments, the location information of the terminal and the beam information of the smart metasurface can be referred to the description in S301 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0183] S402. When the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface meet the sparse array morphology activation conditions, determine that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is to activate the sparse array morphology of the smart metasurface.

[0184] As an example, the sparse array activation condition includes: the incident angle and the exit angle of the terminal respectively satisfy a preset angle threshold. As another example, the sparse array activation condition includes: the pitch angle and the horizontal angle of the terminal respectively satisfy a preset angle threshold. As yet another example, the sparse array activation condition includes: the incident angle and the exit angle of the mirror respectively satisfy a preset angle threshold.

[0185] In some embodiments, different sparse array configurations correspond to different application scenarios. Based on prior simulation and measurement results, the correspondence between the terminal's location information and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface and different sparse array configurations can be pre-configured. The MT can determine whether the sparse array configuration activation conditions are met based on the terminal's location information and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface, select the corresponding sparse array configuration, and activate the sparse array configuration.

[0186] For example, Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of sparse array activation. As shown in Figure 14, the shaded boxes represent inactive array elements in the sparse array configuration, and the blank boxes represent active array elements in the sparse array configuration.

[0187] It is understood that in the method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface (i.e., the combination configuration of the antenna panel array), which can determine the working state of the array elements on the antenna panel. By using the sparse array configuration, only some of the array elements on the antenna panel are activated, and the inactive array elements do not adjust the phase. By using mirror reflection, the control cost of the antenna panel can be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface.

[0188] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG15, the above S201 can be implemented as: S501-S502.

[0189] S501, Obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0190] In some embodiments, the content of the terminal's location information can be referred to the description in S301 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0191] S502. When the terminal's location information is within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, determine that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is to power down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0192] In some embodiments, when the angle of the terminal relative to the antenna panel is between the incident angle and the exit angle of the specular reflection of the antenna panel, it can be determined that the position information of the terminal is within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface. In this case, it can be determined that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is to power down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0193] When the base station detects that the terminal's position is exactly in the mirror direction of the antenna panel through terminal measurement reports, codebook measurement reports from the smart metasurface, or third-party sensor measurements, the base station sends an antenna panel power-down instruction to the MT (Mediator). At this time, the MT controls the antenna panel to power down, and the natural mirror reflection is sufficient to meet the current coverage requirements of the terminal. When the terminal moves away from the mirror reflection position of the antenna panel, the MT controls the antenna panel to power up again, loads the codebook, and sends the signal to the designated terminal location. Generally, the mirror reflection of the antenna panel itself is equivalent to the power of the codebook loaded in the mirror direction; in fact, due to the absence of element insertion loss, the power of the mirror reflection may even be slightly higher than the power when the codebook is loaded. Furthermore, the beamwidth is related to the aperture of the antenna panel array and is comparable to the narrow beamwidth designed for the codebook, which is perfectly adequate for communication purposes. Furthermore, due to the limited reflectivity of the antenna panel, some power is still emitted from the mirror direction after the codebook is used. When the codebook is also pointing in the mirror direction, the two parts of power may cause a decrease in flow rate and RSRP due to phase superposition or multipath effect. Therefore, by indicating whether the antenna panel is powered on or off, the superposition interference of the two parts of power in the mirror direction can be avoided, thereby improving the performance of the terminal in the mirror direction of the antenna panel.

[0194] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG16, the above S201 can be implemented as: S601-S602.

[0195] S601. Obtain the decision parameters for the power saving mode of MT.

[0196] The decision parameters include at least one of the following: equipment information, environmental information, and power information of the smart metasurface.

[0197] In some embodiments, the device information of the smart metasurface may be the device identifier, electrical quantity information, power, voltage, etc. of the smart metasurface.

[0198] In some embodiments, environmental information may be light intensity, temperature, etc.

[0199] In some embodiments, power information includes whether power supply is tight.

[0200] In some embodiments, MT can obtain decision parameters in response to a user's triggering action.

[0201] In some embodiments, the MT can also obtain decision parameters based on information reported by third-party sensors. For example, the third-party sensors include at least one of the following: a temperature sensor, a light sensor, and a voltage sensor.

[0202] S602. If the decision parameters of the power-saving mode meet the activation conditions of the power-saving mode, determine the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface as the power-saving mode of activating the MT of the smart metasurface.

[0203] In some embodiments, the activation conditions include at least one of the following: the power of the smart metasurface is lower than a preset power threshold, the solar power is low due to seasonal light conditions, or there is a power shortage.

[0204] In some embodiments, the MT may also send a power-saving activation instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal sends a first control command to the MT based on the power-saving activation instruction, thereby causing the MT to execute the power-saving strategy.

[0205] It is understandable that real-time beam switching of intelligent metasurfaces can adapt to scenarios with irregular user movement and stable real-time services for multiple users. However, because the MT (Medium-Driven Surface) needs to communicate continuously with the base station, it results in significant power consumption. In many application scenarios, users may remain stationary for a period of time or exhibit regular movement. In such cases, the MT can enter a power-saving mode to reduce power consumption. For example, when a user stays in a seat in a coffee shop or library, the MT can avoid interacting with the base station to switch beams for a period of time. Alternatively, users in vehicles or Ferris wheels moving at a fixed speed can switch beams according to a preset switching sequence, without requiring interaction between the base station and the MT. This embodiment of the present disclosure reduces the power consumption of the intelligent metasurface without affecting its working quality and efficiency by instructing the activation of the power-saving mode of the MT unit.

[0206] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG17, the above S201 can be implemented as: S701-S702.

[0207] S701. Determine the power supply measurement information for the intelligent metasurface.

[0208] In some embodiments, the content of the power supply measurement information can be referred to the description in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0209] S702. If the power supply measurement information meets the conditions for using the new energy power supply method, determine that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the intelligent metasurface is to use the new energy power supply method for the intelligent metasurface.

[0210] In some embodiments, the conditions for using new energy power supply methods include: insufficient current power, reduced solar power due to seasonal sunlight, power shortage, user control, and triggering by third-party sensor detection.

[0211] It is understandable that using solar power can reduce reliance on the traditional power grid, thereby lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions. Simultaneously, solar power can reduce the operating costs and power consumption of the smart metasurface. Furthermore, although solar power supply may be affected by factors such as weather and seasons, the method provided in this disclosure, through intelligent switching of power supply modes, can automatically switch to normal power supply when solar energy is insufficient or unavailable (i.e., the power does not meet the power requirements of the smart metasurface), ensuring the stable operation of the smart metasurface.

[0212] Referring to Figure 18, it is a flowchart of an energy-saving method provided by an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 18, the energy-saving method provided by this embodiment of the disclosure is applied to a base station, including S801-S802.

[0213] S801, Determine the energy-saving strategy to be used for the intelligent metasurface.

[0214] In some embodiments, the content of the energy-saving strategy can be referred to the description in S101 above, and this disclosure does not limit it.

[0215] S802, Send the first control command to the MT of the smart metasurface.

[0216] The first control command is used to instruct MT to execute the energy-saving strategy.

[0217] In some embodiments, the base station can acquire the state information, beam information, environmental information, and location information of the smart metasurface, and based on the above information, generate a first control command and send the first control command to the MT.

[0218] Understandably, by determining the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface and sending a first control command to the MT to instruct the MT to execute the energy-saving strategy, the base station can optimize the working mode and power control of the smart metasurface, thereby reducing the power consumption of the smart metasurface.

[0219] In addition, energy-saving strategies may optimize the communication performance of smart metasurfaces. By implementing energy-saving strategies, communication quality and speed can be improved, communication stability can be enhanced while reducing the power consumption of smart metasurfaces, thereby improving the user experience.

[0220] In some embodiments, S801 described above can be implemented as follows: acquiring the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface. Based on the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface, and if the element co-control conditions are met, determining that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is an element co-control scheme that enables the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0221] The base station can obtain the terminal's location information and the beam information of the smart metasurface by actively transmitting data from the management backend.

[0222] In some embodiments, the implementation of S801 can be referred to the description in S301-S302 above, and will not be repeated here in this disclosure.

[0223] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes enabling a co-control scheme for the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, wherein the co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements. The first control instruction includes at least one of the following: information on the co-control scheme to be used, an identifier of the antenna panel, codebook information used by the antenna panel, and effective time information of the co-control scheme to be used.

[0224] In some embodiments, when the energy-saving strategy includes a co-control scheme for the antenna panel with an enabled smart metasurface, the description of the first control instruction can be referred to in the above-disclosed embodiments. The content of the first control instruction in the case where the energy-saving strategy includes a co-control scheme for the antenna panel with an enabled smart metasurface will not be repeated in this disclosure.

[0225] In some embodiments, the information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: co-control granularity and co-control type; wherein, co-control granularity is used to characterize the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel; and co-control type is used to characterize the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel.

[0226] In some embodiments, the information on the co-control granularity and co-control type of the array element co-control scheme to be used can be referred to the description in S101 above, and will not be repeated here in this embodiment of the disclosure.

[0227] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned S802 can be implemented as follows: determining the array element co-control scheme to be used by the smart metasurface from the array element co-control schemes supported by the smart metasurface, and sending a first control command to the smart metasurface based on the array element co-control scheme to be used by the smart metasurface.

[0228] In some embodiments, determining the element co-control scheme to be used by the smart metasurface from among the element co-control schemes supported by the smart metasurface can be implemented as follows: First, the location information of the terminal is acquired, and based on the location information of the terminal, the coverage performance of the element co-control schemes supported by the smart metasurface is determined. Coverage performance characterizes the signal quality covering the location of the terminal when the element co-control scheme is used on the smart metasurface. Then, based on the coverage performance of the element co-control schemes supported by the smart metasurface, the element co-control scheme with the best coverage performance is determined as the element co-control scheme to be used.

[0229] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving array element co-control capability information transmitted by the smart metasurface. The array element co-control capability information is used to indicate the array element co-control scheme supported by the smart metasurface.

[0230] In some embodiments, the description of array element co-control capability information can refer to the description of the MT sending array element co-control capability information to the base station in the above-disclosed embodiments, and will not be repeated in this disclosure.

[0231] It is understood that the energy-saving strategy provided in this disclosure is applicable not only to smart metasurfaces, but also to devices with wireless signal forwarding and relay functions such as network controlled repeaters (NCRs) and terminals. In the method provided in this disclosure, the base station controls the MT to select the corresponding array element co-control scheme (i.e., controls the MT to select the corresponding control line connected to the antenna panel), which can realize the co-control of multiple array elements in the antenna panel, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the smart metasurface.

[0232] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface. The sparse array configuration is used to characterize that a portion of the array elements on the antenna panel of the smart metasurface are in an active state, while another portion of the array elements are not in an active state.

[0233] In some embodiments, when the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array morphology of the smart metasurface, the content of the first control instruction can refer to the above description of the first control instruction when the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array morphology of the smart metasurface, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0234] In some embodiments, the above S801 can be implemented as follows: obtaining the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface, and determining that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is to activate the sparse array pattern of the smart metasurface when the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface meets the sparse array pattern activation condition.

[0235] In some embodiments, the implementation of S801 above may refer to the description of S401-S402 above, and this disclosure does not limit it.

[0236] In some embodiments, S802 described above can be implemented as follows: acquiring the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface, and then determining the sparse array configuration to be used based on the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface. Finally, sending a first control command to the smart metasurface based on the sparse array configuration to be used.

[0237] In some embodiments, the implementation of S802 and the content of the first control instruction can be referred to the description in the above-disclosed embodiments when the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface (i.e., the combination configuration of the antenna panel array), and this disclosure will not repeat the description.

[0238] It is understood that the method provided in this disclosure reduces the power consumption of the antenna panel by controlling the MT to activate some array elements through the base station and using a sparse array surface, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the smart metasurface.

[0239] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes powering off the antenna panel of the smart metasurface. When the energy-saving strategy includes powering off the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, the content of the first control command can be referred to the description of the first control command in the above embodiments when the energy-saving strategy includes powering off the antenna panel of the smart metasurface; this disclosure will not repeat this description further.

[0240] In some embodiments, S801 can be implemented as follows: obtaining the location information of the terminal; when the location information of the terminal is within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, determining that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is to power down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0241] It should be noted that the implementation of S801 above can refer to the description in the above embodiments of how to determine the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface as the power-down of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, and this disclosure will not repeat it.

[0242] In some embodiments, the method further includes: sending a second control command to the smart metasurface upon detecting that the terminal has left the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface. The second control command is used to instruct the antenna panel of the smart metasurface to be powered on.

[0243] It is understood that the method provided in this disclosure controls the antenna panel to power down when the terminal enters the specular beam direction of the antenna panel (i.e., the specular reflection area), which can reduce power consumption and avoid power consumption reduction caused by interference from its own specular reflection source, thereby improving the performance of the terminal in the specular reflection area.

[0244] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes activating the power-saving mode of the control unit of the smart metasurface. When the energy-saving strategy includes activating the power-saving mode of the control unit of the smart metasurface, the content of the first control instruction can be referred to the description of the first control instruction in the above-disclosed embodiments when the energy-saving strategy includes activating the power-saving mode of the control unit of the smart metasurface; this disclosure will not repeat this description.

[0245] In some embodiments, S801 described above can be implemented as follows: First, the decision parameters for the power-saving mode are obtained. The decision parameters include at least one of the following: device information of the smart metasurface, environmental information, and power information; then, if the decision parameters for the power-saving mode meet the activation conditions of the power-saving mode, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be the power-saving mode that activates the control unit of the smart metasurface.

[0246] In some embodiments, the implementation of S801 can refer to the description of S601-S601 above, and will not be repeated in this disclosure.

[0247] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving feedback information from the smart metasurface in response to the first control command. The feedback information includes at least one of the following: a flag indicating successful reception of the first control command, a flag indicating whether the smart metasurface meets the conditions for entering a power-saving mode, and cell information of the smart metasurface.

[0248] In some embodiments, the method further includes sending a third control command to the smart metasurface, the third control command being used to instruct the smart metasurface to exit the power-saving mode.

[0249] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes: the smart metasurface using a new energy source for power supply. When the energy-saving strategy includes the smart metasurface using a new energy source for power supply, the content of the first control instruction can be referred to the description of the first control instruction in the above embodiments when the energy-saving strategy includes the smart metasurface using a new energy source for power supply; this disclosure does not limit this aspect.

[0250] In some embodiments, S801 can be implemented as follows: First, receiving power supply measurement information sent by the smart metasurface. Then, if the power supply measurement information meets the usage conditions of the new energy power supply mode, determining that the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is the use of the new energy power supply mode for the smart metasurface.

[0251] In some embodiments, the implementation of S801 can be referred to the description of S701-S702 above, and will not be repeated in this disclosure.

[0252] It is understood that the method provided in this disclosure can achieve intelligent switching of power supply modes under different external environments or actual needs and power supply conditions by switching power supply modes through base station control or MT autonomous decision-making, or by using new energy power supply modes, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0253] It is understood that the method provided in this disclosure proposes a variety of energy-saving strategies from the perspectives of the MT of the smart metasurface, power saving of the antenna panel, and power supply mode switching, which can effectively reduce the power consumption of the smart metasurface and thus enhance the practical value of the smart metasurface.

[0254] For ease of understanding, the energy-saving method of the present disclosure embodiments will be further described below with examples.

[0255] Example 1: Using the same control lines for the array elements of the control antenna panel to save energy. As shown in Figure 19, Example 1 can be implemented as Sa1-Sa5.

[0256] Sa1 and MT report co-control capability signaling to the base station. The co-control capability signaling includes at least one of the following: the co-control granularity supported by the current RIS board, for example, the current RIS board supports three modes: two-in-one, four-in-one, and eight-in-one; the co-control type supported by the current RIS board, for example, the current RIS board supports horizontal co-control, vertical co-control, left-angle co-control or right-angle co-control, and sub-array co-control; the number or unique identifier of the current RIS board; the codebook used by the current RIS board, or the location information of the terminal detected by the sensor.

[0257] Sa2, the base station sends array element co-control instructions to MT.

[0258] In some embodiments, the base station determines whether the current condition meets the requirements for enabling the array element co-control mode and determines the best-performing array element co-control scheme based on the terminal's location information, and then sends an array element co-control instruction to the MT.

[0259] In some embodiments, the array element co-control indication includes at least one of the following: the co-control granularity of the Fwd array, for example, selecting a two-in-one mode; the co-control mode, for example, selecting horizontal co-control; the number or unique identifier corresponding to the FWD, for example, the Fwd number to be controlled is 2; the start time, duration or end time of the switch, for example, the switch start time starts from symbol 3 of slot 1 and continues to symbol 5 of slot 50; the codebook or codebook set number used, for example, the codebook set number corresponding to the current mode is 2, and it is necessary to switch to codebook number 10 of this codebook set.

[0260] As exemplarily shown in Figure 20, this is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the same horizontally combined control line for multiple array elements. As shown in Figure 20, one control line can simultaneously control two array elements horizontally.

[0261] After receiving the array element co-control instruction, Sa3 and MT parse the array element co-control scheme and codebook number, and execute the corresponding array element control content.

[0262] Sa4 and MT activate the corresponding control lines connected to Fwd. At this time, the array elements under the same control will be adjusted to the same phase, thereby reducing the power consumption of the control lines, and MT controls Fwd to switch to the corresponding codebook.

[0263] Sa5 and MT report the current array element co-control scheme and codebook effectiveness status to the base station.

[0264] Example 2: Activating the sparse array configuration of Fwd to save energy. As shown in Figure 21, Example 2 can be implemented as Sb1-Sb4.

[0265] Sb1. Send a sparse array configuration switching instruction to the MT. In some embodiments, the base station can determine whether the current conditions for enabling the sparse array mode are met, and determine the sparse array configuration with the best performance, based on the location information of the terminal or the beam information of the RIS, and then send a sparse array configuration switching instruction to the MT.

[0266] In some embodiments, the sparse array configuration switching instruction includes at least one of the following: the sparse array configuration number to be switched, for example, switching from a full subarray to sparse configuration 1, the corresponding sparse array pattern is pre-stored on the RIS side, or it can be directly sent down; the codebook number or codebook under the sparse configuration; the Fwd number for which MT control is effective, for example, the Fwd number to be controlled is 2.

[0267] The start time, duration, or end time of the switch, for example, the effective time starts from symbol 5 of the next slot and lasts for 100 slots.

[0268] After receiving the sparse array configuration switching instruction, Sb2 and MT parse the sparse array configuration and codebook number, and execute the corresponding sparse array configuration control content.

[0269] Sb3 and MT activate the corresponding control lines of Fwd and control Fwd to take effect on the corresponding codebook.

[0270] Sb4 and MT report the current sparse array configuration and codebook status to the base station.

[0271] Example 3: When the detection terminal's position is within the mirror direction range of the antenna panel, the smart metasurface is powered on. As shown in Figure 22, Example 3 can be implemented as Sc1-Sc10.

[0272] Sc1. Triggering Mirror Power-Down Behavior. In some embodiments, the base station may trigger mirror power-down behavior when it detects that the target terminal's position is exactly in the mirror direction of the RIS board through terminal measurement reporting, RIS codebook measurement reporting results, or third-party sensor measurements.

[0273] Sc2, The base station sends an Fwd power-off instruction to the MT.

[0274] In some embodiments, the power-down indication includes at least one of the following: Fwd power-down flag; power-down reason, for example, the UE enters the mirror beam; power-down start time, duration or end time, for example, the start time is the symbol 2 of the current slot, and the maximum power-down duration is 20s; the number or identification code corresponding to Fwd, for example, the Fwd number to be controlled is 2.

[0275] After receiving the power-down instruction, Sc3 and MT parse and execute the corresponding control content.

[0276] Sc4 and MT control Fwd to perform a power-down operation. In other words, at this time, natural specular reflection can meet the coverage requirements of the current UE.

[0277] Sc5 and MT send feedback to the base station to indicate whether Fwd has completed power-off.

[0278] Sc6. When the base station detects that the UE has left the mirror direction range of the RIS, it triggers the Fwd power-on behavior.

[0279] In some embodiments, the codebook currently used by the RIS can be determined through measurement and reporting results from channels such as the channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and the synchronization signal block (SSB). When the terminal leaves the specular reflection azimuth of the antenna panel, the MT controls the Fwd to power on again, load the codebook, and send the signal to the designated terminal location.

[0280] Sc7: The base station sends an Fwd power-on instruction to the MT.

[0281] In some embodiments, the power-on indication includes at least one of the following: Fwd power-on flag; power-on reason; for example, the UE leaves the mirror beam; the start time, duration, or end time of power-on, for example, the start time is symbol 6 of the current slot; the codebook number to be switched after power-on, for example, switching to codebook number 6; the number or identification code corresponding to Fwd, for example, the Fwd number to be controlled is 2.

[0282] After receiving the power-on instruction, Sc8 and MT parse and execute the corresponding control content.

[0283] Sc9 and MT control Fwd to perform a power-on operation and load the codebook with the corresponding number.

[0284] Sc10 and MT report back to the base station whether Fwd has been powered on and the codebook number currently in use.

[0285] Example 4: Base station instructs MT to enter / exit power saving mode - long / short cycle mode. As shown in Figure 23, Example 4 can be implemented as Sd1-Sd8.

[0286] Sd1. The base station sends a power-saving instruction to the MT. In some embodiments, the base station can determine the conditions for the MT to activate the power-saving mode by statistically analyzing the frequency and angle range of RIS beam switching in a recent period, and then calculate the appropriate switching cycle before sending a power-saving instruction to the MT.

[0287] In some embodiments, the power saving indicator includes at least one of the following: the start time, duration, or end time of the power saving mode, for example, starting from the next slot symbol 10, lasting a maximum of 5 hours; a cycle indicator: a long cycle or short cycle flag, for example, setting a long cycle to perform interactive control once every 5 minutes and a short cycle to perform interactive control once every 1 minute; the duty cycle within the cycle in the power saving mode, for example, set to 50%; the triggering reason for the power saving mode, such as detecting insufficient power, reduced solar power due to seasonal lighting conditions, power shortage, triggering by human control or detection by third-party sensors (such as light, temperature, voltage sensors, etc.); the current RIS cell number information, unique identification ID, etc.

[0288] After receiving the power-saving instruction, Sd2 and MT send a power-saving instruction confirmation message back to the base station. In some embodiments, the confirmation message includes at least one of the following: a flag indicating successful reception and parsing of the power-saving activation instruction; a flag indicating whether the current RIS is ready to support entering power-saving mode; and the cell number information and unique identifier of the current RIS.

[0289] In some embodiments, if the current RIS does not have the conditions to support entering power saving mode, the base station and RIS will maintain their original working mode after feedback; this example uses MT supporting power saving mode as an example to illustrate subsequent operations.

[0290] After receiving the power-saving instruction, Sd3 and MT enter the preparation phase to process the remaining tasks.

[0291] Sd4 and MT control Fwd to switch to the corresponding codebook.

[0292] Sd5 and MT enter a dormant period, during which they do not interact with the base station or control Fwd.

[0293] Sd6, entering the normal interaction period, the base station sends control commands to the MT, and the MT receives and parses them.

[0294] Sd7 and MT control Fwd to perform the corresponding processing.

[0295] Sd8. During normal interaction, the base station sends an instruction to the MT to exit power saving mode. The MT then ends power saving mode and resumes normal interaction.

[0296] Example 5: Base station instructs MT to enter / exit power saving mode - semi-persistent mode. As shown in Figure 24, Example 5 can be implemented as Se1-Se5.

[0297] Se1, the base station sends a power-saving instruction to the MT. In some embodiments, the base station can determine the conditions for the MT to activate the power-saving mode by statistically analyzing the frequency and angle range of beam switching of the smart metasurface over a recent period, and then calculate the appropriate switching cycle before sending the power-saving instruction.

[0298] In some embodiments, the power saving indicator includes at least one of the following:

[0299] The start time, duration, or end time of power saving mode, for example, starting from the next slot symbol 10, with a maximum duration of 5 hours;

[0300] Cycle indicator: Semi-persistent mode flag;

[0301] The duty cycle during the power saving mode is set to, for example, 50%.

[0302] The reasons for triggering the power saving mode include insufficient power, reduced solar power due to seasonal sunlight, power shortage, human control, or detection by third-party sensors (such as light, temperature, voltage sensors, etc.).

[0303] The current RIS cell number information, unique identifier, etc.

[0304] After receiving the power-saving instruction, Se2 and MT send a power-saving instruction confirmation message to the base station. In some embodiments, the confirmation message includes at least one of the following:

[0305] The flag indicating successful reception and parsing of the power-saving activation instruction;

[0306] Does the current RIS have the necessary conditions to support the indicator for entering semi-persistent power-saving mode?

[0307] Current RIS cell number information and unique identifier.

[0308] In some embodiments, if the current RIS does not have the conditions to support entering power saving mode, the base station and RIS will maintain their original working mode after feedback; this example uses the MT supporting semi-persistent power saving mode as an example to illustrate the subsequent operations.

[0309] After receiving the power-saving instruction, Se3 and MT enter the preparation stage to process the remaining tasks.

[0310] Se4 and MT enter semi-persistent power-saving mode. During this period, MT does not interact with the base station, but MT controls Fwd to switch the corresponding codebook according to the preset codebook round-robin sequence.

[0311] Se5. During normal interaction, the base station sends an instruction to the MT to exit power saving mode. The MT then ends power saving mode and resumes normal interaction.

[0312] It is understood that the method provided in this disclosure uses the base station or MT to statistically analyze the beam switching frequency and angle range of the smart metasurface over a period of time, decides to meet the conditions for MT to activate the power saving mode, and statistically analyzes the appropriate switching cycle. This can achieve power saving of the MT by instructing the MT through the base station or by the MT actively activating or exiting the power saving mode.

[0313] Example 6: MT actively triggers entry / exit of power saving mode - long / short cycle mode. As shown in Figure 25, Example 6 can be implemented as Sf1-Sf9.

[0314] Sf1 sends a power-saving instruction to the base station.

[0315] In some embodiments, the MT determines the conditions for activating the power-saving mode by statistically analyzing the frequency and angle range of RIS beam switching over a recent period, and calculates a suitable switching cycle. The MT actively activates the power-saving mode and sends a power-saving instruction to the base station. The triggering conditions may include insufficient power detected by the RIS board's built-in sensor, reduced solar power due to seasonal lighting conditions, power shortage, human control, or detection by third-party sensors (such as light, temperature, and voltage sensors).

[0316] In some embodiments, the power saving indicator includes at least one of the following: the start time, duration, or end time of the power saving mode, for example, starting from the next slot symbol 10, lasting for a maximum of 5 hours; a cycle indicator: a long cycle or short cycle flag, for example, setting the long cycle to perform interactive control once every 5 minutes and the short cycle to perform interactive control once every 1 minute; the duty cycle within the cycle in the power saving mode, for example, set to 50%; the triggering reason for the power saving mode, for example, detecting that the battery level is less than 50%; the cell number information and unique identification ID of the current RIS, etc.

[0317] Sf2. After receiving the power-saving instruction reported by the MT, the base station sends a reception confirmation instruction to the MT. The base station will then send interactive control information according to the power-saving instruction reported by the MT within a specific MT activation time.

[0318] After receiving the power-saving instruction, Sf3 and MT enter the preparation phase to process the remaining tasks.

[0319] Sf4 and MT control Fwd to switch to the corresponding codebook.

[0320] Sf5 and MT enter a dormant period, during which they do not interact with the base station or control Fwd.

[0321] Sf6, entering the normal interaction period, the base station sends control commands to the MT, and the MT receives and parses them.

[0322] Sf7 and MT control Fwd to perform the corresponding processing.

[0323] Sf8 and MT send an instruction to the base station to exit power saving mode.

[0324] In some embodiments, when the MT detects a condition that triggers the exit from power saving mode through its own sensor or a third-party sensor, such as sufficient power supply, the MT sends an exit from power saving mode instruction to the base station during normal interaction.

[0325] After the Sf9 base station successfully receives the signal, it sends an acknowledgment feedback to the MT. The MT then ends its power-saving mode and resumes normal interaction.

[0326] Example 7: MT actively triggers entry / exit from power-saving mode - semi-persistent mode. As shown in Figure 26, Example 7 can be implemented as Sg1-Sg6.

[0327] Sg1 and MT send power-saving instructions to the base station. In some embodiments, MT determines the conditions for activating the power-saving mode by statistically analyzing the frequency and angle range of RIS beam switching over a recent period, and calculates a suitable switching cycle. MT actively activates the power-saving mode, triggered by conditions such as insufficient power detected by the RIS board's built-in sensor, reduced solar power due to seasonal lighting conditions, power shortages, human control, or detection by third-party sensors (such as light, temperature, and voltage sensors), and then sends a power-saving instruction to the base station. In some embodiments, the power-saving instruction includes at least one of the following:

[0328] The start time, duration, or end time of the power saving mode, for example, starting from the next slot symbol 10, with a maximum duration of 5 hours; cycle indication: long cycle or short cycle flag, for example, setting the long cycle to perform interactive control once every 5 minutes, and the short cycle to perform interactive control once every 1 minute; duty cycle within the cycle in the power saving mode, for example, set to 50%; triggering reason for the power saving mode, for example, detecting that the battery level is less than 50%; current RIS cell number information, unique identification code D, etc.

[0329] Sg2. After receiving the power-saving instruction reported by the MT, the base station sends a reception confirmation instruction to the MT. The base station will then send interactive control information within a specific MT activation time according to the power-saving instruction reported by the MT.

[0330] After receiving the power-saving instruction, Sg3 and MT enter the preparation phase to process the remaining tasks.

[0331] Sg4 and MT enter semi-persistent power-saving mode. During this period, MT does not interact with the base station, but MT controls Fwd to switch the corresponding codebook according to the preset codebook round-robin sequence.

[0332] Sg5 and MT send an instruction to the base station to exit power saving mode.

[0333] In some embodiments, when the MT detects a condition that triggers the exit from power saving mode through its own sensor or a third-party sensor, such as sufficient power supply, the MT sends an exit from power saving mode instruction to the base station during normal interaction.

[0334] Sg6. After the base station successfully receives the signal, it sends an acknowledgment feedback, the MT ends the power saving mode, and normal interaction resumes.

[0335] Example 8: Power supply mode switching (solar power supply), the base station sends a power supply strategy to the MT. As shown in Figure 27, Example 8 can be implemented as Sh1-Sh4.

[0336] Sh1. The base station sends a power supply strategy to the MT to instruct the MT to determine and switch to a specific power supply mode under specific conditions. In some embodiments, the power supply strategy includes at least one of the following: a switching index, such as light intensity; a switching threshold, such as using solar power when the light intensity threshold is higher than 1000 lux; and a detection frequency, such as performing a condition determination every 1 minute.

[0337] After receiving and successfully parsing the data, Sh2 and MT will report a confirmation of receipt.

[0338] Sh3. When the MT detects that the switching conditions are met, it triggers a change in power supply mode, switching from AC power to solar power. For example, if the RIS's built-in sensor detects that the light intensity is higher than 1000 lux, then the switching conditions are met.

[0339] Sh4 and MT report to the base station that the current power supply method is solar power, and the reason for the change is that the light intensity meets the threshold.

[0340] Example 9: Power supply mode switching (solar power supply). The MT reports the measurement results, and the base station issues a switching command after making a decision. As shown in Figure 28, Example 9 can be implemented as Si1-Si4.

[0341] Si1 and MT report power supply measurement information to the base station.

[0342] In some embodiments, power supply measurement information includes at least one of the following: power and voltage of the solar panel; operating status of the solar cell, whether it is normal and available; sensor information such as temperature and light intensity; and indicators such as the power supply method, remaining power, voltage, power, and power health status of the non-solar cell.

[0343] Si2, the base station determines whether to switch the power supply mode based on the information reported by MT. For example, if the light intensity is greater than 1000 lux, the base station determines that the RIS should switch to solar power.

[0344] Si3. The base station sends a handover command to the MT to instruct the MT to switch to the corresponding power supply method at a specific time. In some embodiments, the handover command includes at least one of the following: handover start time, duration, or end time, for example, the handover start time is the symbol 10 of the current slot; the power supply method to be switched to, for example, switching from AC power supply to solar power supply.

[0345] After Si4 and MT successfully receive the signal, they send an acknowledgment to the base station. The acknowledgment includes whether the handover was successful and the reason for any handover failure (e.g., the current RIS does not support solar power mode).

[0346] Example 10: Power supply mode switching (solar power supply). The MT automatically determines and executes the switching status and reports the execution result to the base station. As shown in Figure 29, Example 10 can be implemented as Sj1-Sj2.

[0347] Sj1 and MT determine the power supply method based on the measurement results of their own sensors, or the intelligent metasurface actively triggers the power supply mode switching behavior.

[0348] Sj2 and MT report a power supply handover indication to the base station. In some embodiments, the power supply handover indication includes at least one of the following:

[0349] Current power supply method, for example, currently switched to solar power;

[0350] The reason for switching power supply methods, and the indicators that trigger the switching, such as the reason for switching being that the light intensity meets the threshold;

[0351] The specific values ​​of the triggering switching indicators and sensor parameters, such as light intensity greater than 1000 lux.

[0352] The foregoing primarily describes the solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure from a methodological perspective. It is understood that, to achieve the above functions, the energy-saving device includes at least one of the hardware structures and software modules corresponding to each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, in conjunction with the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0353] This disclosure embodiment can divide the energy-saving device into functional modules according to the above method embodiment. For example, each function can be divided into a separate functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or software. It should be noted that the module division in this disclosure embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. The following description uses the example of dividing each functional module according to each function.

[0354] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The energy-saving method provided in the above-described method embodiments can be executed. As shown in Figure 30, the energy-saving device 200 is applied to a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface. The energy-saving device 200 includes: a receiving module 201, an execution module 202, and a sending module 203.

[0355] Receiver module 201 is used to receive a first control command, which is used to instruct MT to execute an energy-saving strategy;

[0356] The execution module 202 is configured to execute an energy-saving strategy based on a first control command. In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes at least one of the following: enabling a co-control scheme for the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, wherein the co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements; activating the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface, wherein the sparse array configuration is used to characterize that a portion of the array elements on the antenna panel of the smart metasurface are in a working state, while another portion of the array elements are not in a working state; powering down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface; activating the power-saving mode of the MT; and using a new energy power supply method for the smart metasurface.

[0357] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes: enabling the array element co-control scheme of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, wherein the array element co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements; the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: information on the array element co-control scheme to be used, the identifier of the antenna panel, the codebook information used by the antenna panel, and the effective time information of the array element co-control scheme to be used.

[0358] In some embodiments, the information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: co-control granularity and co-control type; wherein, co-control granularity is used to characterize the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel; and co-control type is used to characterize the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel.

[0359] In some embodiments, the effective time information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: start time, duration, and end time.

[0360] In some embodiments, the sending module 203 is used to send array element co-control capability information to the base station, the array element co-control capability information being used to indicate the array element co-control scheme supported by the smart metasurface.

[0361] In some embodiments, the array element co-control capability information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the identification of the antenna panel, the location information of the terminal.

[0362] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array pattern of the smart metasurface, wherein the sparse array pattern is used to characterize that a portion of the array elements on the antenna panel of the smart metasurface are in an active state and another portion of the array elements are not in an active state; the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the sparse array pattern to be used, codebook information, an identifier of the antenna panel, and an effective time information of the sparse array pattern to be used.

[0363] In some embodiments, the effective time information of the sparse array configuration to be used includes: start time, end time, and duration.

[0364] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes powering down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, and the first control command includes at least one of the following: power-down indication, power-down indication effective time information, identification of the antenna panel, and power-down reason.

[0365] In some embodiments, the receiving module 201 is further configured to receive a second control command, which is used to instruct the antenna panel of the smart metasurface to be powered on.

[0366] In some embodiments, the second control instruction includes at least one of the following: a power-on indication, information on the effective time of the power-on indication, an identification of the antenna panel, a power-on reason, and codebook information used by the antenna panel after power-on.

[0367] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes activating the power-saving mode of the MT cell of the smart metasurface, and the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: power-saving mode activation time information, power-saving mode period, wake-up time, power-saving mode triggering reason, and smart metasurface cell information.

[0368] In some embodiments, the sending module 203 is further configured to send feedback information of the first control command to the base station. The feedback information includes at least one of the following: a flag indicating that the first control command has been successfully received, a flag indicating whether the smart metasurface has the conditions to enter the power-saving mode, and cell information of the smart metasurface.

[0369] In some embodiments, the receiving module 201 is configured to receive a third control instruction, which is used to instruct the smart metasurface to exit the power-saving mode.

[0370] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes the use of new energy power supply for the smart metasurface, and the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: a switching index for the new energy power supply mode, a switching threshold for the new energy power supply mode, and a detection frequency.

[0371] In some embodiments, the execution module 202 is used to obtain the switching index of the new energy power supply mode; and when the switching index of the new energy power supply mode meets the switching threshold, the new energy power supply mode is switched to be used.

[0372] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes the use of new energy power supply methods for the smart metasurface, and the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: switching time information of the new energy power supply method and identification of the new energy power supply method.

[0373] In some embodiments, the sending module 203 is further configured to send power supply measurement information to the base station. The power supply measurement information includes at least one of the following: working indicators of new energy power supply mode, working indicators of non-new energy power supply mode, and environmental information.

[0374] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The energy-saving method provided in the above-described method embodiments can be executed. As shown in Figure 31, the energy-saving device 300 is applied to a smart metasurface (MT), and the energy-saving device 300 includes: a determining module 301 and an execution module 302.

[0375] Module 301 is used to determine the energy-saving strategy to be used on the smart metasurface;

[0376] Execution module 302 is used to execute energy-saving strategies.

[0377] In some embodiments, the determining module 301 is used to obtain the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface; when the location information of the terminal meets the array element co-control conditions, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be the array element co-control scheme of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0378] In some embodiments, the determining module 301 is used to obtain the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface; when the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface meets the sparse array morphology activation condition, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be to activate the sparse array morphology of the smart metasurface.

[0379] In some embodiments, the determining module 301 is used to obtain the location information of the terminal; when the location information of the terminal is within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is to power down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

[0380] In some embodiments, the determining module 301 is used to obtain the decision parameters of the power saving mode of the MT, the decision parameters including at least one of the following: device information of the smart metasurface, environmental information, and power information; when the decision parameters of the power saving mode meet the activation conditions of the power saving mode, the energy saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be the power saving mode of the MT that activates the smart metasurface.

[0381] In some embodiments, the determining module 301 is used to determine the power supply measurement information of the smart metasurface; if the power supply measurement information meets the usage conditions of the new energy power supply mode, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is to use the new energy power supply mode for the smart metasurface.

[0382] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The energy-saving method provided in the above method embodiment can be executed. As shown in Figure 32, the energy-saving device 400 is applied to a base station, and the energy-saving device 400 includes: a determining module 401, a transmitting module 402, and a receiving module 403.

[0383] Module 401 is used to determine the energy-saving strategy to be used on the smart metasurface;

[0384] The sending module 402 is used to send a first control command to the MT of the smart metasurface. The first control command is used to instruct the MT to execute an energy-saving strategy.

[0385] In some embodiments, the energy-saving strategy includes: enabling the array element co-control scheme of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, wherein the array element co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements; the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: information on the array element co-control scheme to be used, the identifier of the antenna panel, the codebook information used by the antenna panel, and the effective time information of the array element co-control scheme to be used.

[0386] In some embodiments, the information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: co-control granularity and co-control type; wherein, co-control granularity is used to characterize the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel; and co-control type is used to characterize the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel.

[0387] In some embodiments, the sending module 402 is configured to determine the array element co-control scheme to be used by the smart metasurface from the array element co-control schemes supported by the smart metasurface; and send a first control command to the smart metasurface based on the array element co-control scheme to be used by the smart metasurface.

[0388] In some embodiments, the determining module 401 is used to obtain the location information of the terminal, and based on the location information of the terminal, determine the coverage performance of the array element co-control scheme supported by the smart metasurface. The coverage performance is used to characterize the signal quality covering the location of the terminal when the array element co-control scheme is adopted on the smart metasurface. Based on the coverage performance of the array element co-control scheme supported by the smart metasurface, the array element co-control scheme with the best coverage performance is determined as the array element co-control scheme to be used.

[0389] In some embodiments, the receiving module 403 is used to receive array element co-control capability information sent by the smart metasurface, the array element co-control capability information being used to indicate the array element co-control scheme supported by the smart metasurface.

[0390] In the case of implementing the functions of the integrated modules described above in hardware, this disclosure provides a structure of the communication device involved in the above embodiments. As shown in FIG33, the communication device 500 includes: a memory 501, a processor 502, a communication interface 503, and a bus 504.

[0391] The memory 501 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions; it may be a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing dynamic information and instructions; it may also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device; or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0392] Processor 502 may be a logic block, module, or circuit that implements or performs the various exemplary methods described in connection with embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 502 may be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. Processor 502 may also be implemented to perform the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 502 may also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP (digital signal processor) and a microprocessor, etc.

[0393] Communication interface 503 is used to connect to other devices via a communication network. This communication network can be Ethernet, wireless access network, wireless local area network (WLAN), etc.

[0394] In some implementations, the memory 501 can exist independently of the processor 502. The memory 501 can be connected to the processor 502 via a bus 504 and is used to store instructions or program code. When the processor 502 calls and executes the instructions or program code stored in the memory 501, it can implement the energy-saving method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0395] In some implementations, the memory 501 can also be integrated with the processor 502. The bus 504 can be an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus 504 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 33 uses only one thick line to represent the bus 504, but this does not indicate that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0396] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) storing computer program instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform an energy-saving method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0397] Exemplary examples show that the aforementioned computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). The various computer-readable storage media described in this disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media for storing information. The term "machine-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0398] This disclosure provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the energy-saving method of any of the above embodiments.

[0399] The above are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy-saving method applied to a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface, wherein, The method includes: Receive a first control instruction, wherein the first control instruction is used to instruct the MT to execute an energy-saving strategy; Based on the first control command, the energy-saving strategy is executed.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes at least one of the following: The array element co-control scheme of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface is enabled, wherein the array element co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface controls multiple array elements simultaneously. Activate the sparse array configuration of the smart metasurface, wherein the sparse array configuration is used to characterize that a portion of the array elements on the antenna panel of the smart metasurface are in a working state, while another portion of the array elements are not in a working state. The antenna panel of the intelligent metasurface is powered on; Activate the power-saving mode of the MT; The intelligent metasurface uses a new energy power supply method.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes: enabling the array element co-control scheme of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, wherein the array element co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface simultaneously controls multiple array elements; wherein the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: information on the array element co-control scheme to be used, the identifier of the antenna panel, the codebook information used by the antenna panel, and the effective time information of the array element co-control scheme to be used.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: co-control granularity and co-control type; wherein, the co-control granularity is used to characterize the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel; and the co-control type is used to characterize the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The effective time information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: start time, duration, and end time.

6. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: The array element co-control capability information is sent to the base station, and the array element co-control capability information is used to indicate the array element co-control scheme supported by the intelligent metasurface.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The array element co-control capability information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the identification of the antenna panel, and the location information of the terminal.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes activating the sparse array pattern of the smart metasurface, wherein the sparse array pattern is used to characterize that a portion of the array elements on the antenna panel of the smart metasurface are in a working state, while another portion of the array elements are not in a working state; wherein the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the sparse array pattern to be used, codebook information, an identifier of the antenna panel, and the effective time information of the sparse array pattern to be used.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The effective time information of the sparse array configuration to be used includes: start time, end time, and duration.

10. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes powering down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, wherein the first control command includes at least one of the following: power-down indication, effective time information of the power-down indication, identification of the antenna panel, and reason for power-down.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The reasons for power-off include: the terminal's location information is located within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising: The system receives a second control command, which instructs the antenna panel of the smart metasurface to be powered on.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The second control command includes at least one of the following: power-on indication, effective time information of the power-on indication, identification of the antenna panel, power-on reason, and codebook information used by the antenna panel after power-on.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The reasons for power-on include: the terminal's location information is outside the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

15. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes activating the power-saving mode of the MT cell of the smart metasurface, wherein the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: the effective time information of the power-saving mode, the period of the power-saving mode, the wake-up time, the triggering reason of the power-saving mode, and the cell information of the smart metasurface.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: Feedback information for sending the first control command to the base station includes at least one of the following: a flag indicating successful receipt of the first control command, a flag indicating whether the smart metasurface meets the conditions for entering the power-saving mode, and the cell information of the smart metasurface.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: Receive a third control command, which is used to instruct the smart metasurface to exit the power-saving mode.

18. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes the use of new energy power supply for the intelligent metasurface, wherein the first control command includes at least one of the following: a switching index for the new energy power supply mode, a switching threshold for the new energy power supply mode, and a detection frequency.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The execution of the energy-saving strategy includes: Obtain the switching indicators for the new energy power supply method; If the switching criteria for the new energy power supply method meet the switching threshold, the new energy power supply method shall be switched to.

20. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes the use of new energy power supply for the intelligent metasurface, and the first control command includes at least one of the following: switching time information of the new energy power supply mode and the identifier of the new energy power supply mode.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising: The power supply measurement information is sent to the base station, and the power supply measurement information includes at least one of the following: the working indicators of the new energy power supply method, the working indicators of the non-new energy power supply method, and environmental information.

22. An energy-saving method applied to a mobile terminal MT with a smart metasurface, wherein, The method includes: Determine the energy-saving strategy to be used for the intelligent metasurface; Implement the energy-saving strategy.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The energy-saving strategy for determining the smart metasurface to be used includes: Obtain the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface; If the location information of the terminal meets the array element co-control conditions, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be the array element co-control scheme that enables the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The energy-saving strategy for determining the smart metasurface to be used includes: Obtain the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface; If the location information of the terminal and / or the beam information of the smart metasurface meet the sparse array morphology activation conditions, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be activating the sparse array morphology of the smart metasurface.

25. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The energy-saving strategy for determining the smart metasurface to be used includes: Obtain the terminal's location information; If the location information of the terminal is within the specular reflection area of ​​the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be to power down the antenna panel of the smart metasurface.

26. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The energy-saving strategy for determining the smart metasurface to be used includes: Obtain the decision parameters for the power-saving mode of the MT, wherein the decision parameters include at least one of the following: device information, environmental information, and power information of the smart metasurface; If the decision parameters of the power-saving mode meet the activation conditions of the power-saving mode, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the smart metasurface is determined to be the power-saving mode of activating the MT of the smart metasurface.

27. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The energy-saving strategy for determining the smart metasurface to be used includes: Determine the power supply measurement information of the intelligent metasurface; If the power supply measurement information meets the usage conditions of the new energy power supply mode, the energy-saving strategy to be used by the intelligent metasurface is determined to be the use of the new energy power supply mode for the intelligent metasurface.

28. An energy-saving method applied to a base station, wherein, The method includes: Determine the energy-saving strategies to be used for intelligent metasurfaces; A first control command is sent to the MT of the smart metasurface, the first control command being used to instruct the MT to execute the energy-saving strategy.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein, The energy-saving strategy includes: enabling the array element co-control scheme of the antenna panel of the smart metasurface, wherein the array element co-control scheme is a scheme in which one control line in the antenna panel of the smart metasurface controls multiple array elements simultaneously; the first control instruction includes at least one of the following: information on the array element co-control scheme to be used, the identifier of the antenna panel, the codebook information used by the antenna panel, and the effective time information of the array element co-control scheme to be used.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, The information of the array element co-control scheme to be used includes at least one of the following: co-control granularity and co-control type; wherein, the co-control granularity is used to characterize the number of array elements simultaneously controlled by one control line in the antenna panel; and the co-control type is used to characterize the topology of the array elements controlled by one control line in the antenna panel.

31. The method according to claim 28, wherein, Sending the first control command to the MT of the smart metasurface includes: The array element co-control scheme to be used by the intelligent metasurface is determined from the array element co-control schemes supported by the intelligent metasurface; Based on the array element co-control scheme to be used on the intelligent metasurface, the first control command is sent to the intelligent metasurface.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein, The step of determining the array element co-control scheme to be used from the array element co-control schemes supported by the smart metasurface includes: The location information of the terminal is obtained, and based on the location information of the terminal, the coverage performance of the array element co-control scheme supported by the smart metasurface is determined. The coverage performance is used to characterize the signal quality covering the location of the terminal when the array element co-control scheme is adopted on the smart metasurface. Based on the coverage performance of the array element co-control scheme supported by the intelligent metasurface, the array element co-control scheme with the best coverage performance is determined as the array element co-control scheme to be used.

33. The method of claim 30, further comprising: The system receives array element co-control capability information sent by the intelligent metasurface, which is used to indicate the array element co-control scheme supported by the intelligent metasurface.

34. An electronic device, comprising: A processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute the instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the energy-saving method according to any one of claims 1 to 33.

35. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for performing the energy-saving method according to any one of claims 1 to 33.

36. A computer program product, wherein, The computer program product includes computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the energy-saving method according to any one of claims 1 to 33.

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