Electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between stack and manifold

Abstract

Disclosed is an electrochemical reaction system without an electrical contact between a stack and a manifold. The system may comprise: an insulating manifold including at least a plate-shaped base manifold part, through which a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit pass from top to bottom, and a housing part, which has a downwardly open cross-section and can be fastened to the upper surface and lower edge of the base manifold, the insulating manifold further including insulating plates located on the upper surface and lower surface, respectively, of an inner space surrounded by the base manifold part and the housing part; and a stack which is accommodated between the insulating plates in the inner space so as not to cover at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit, and in which at least a plurality of plate electrodes and separating plates separating the plurality of plate electrodes are stacked, wherein sealing materials are stacked above and below the stack.

Description

Electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and manifold

[0001] The present invention relates to an insulating manifold for electrochemical reaction capable of supplying gas from an external source and an electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

[0002] Globally, most energy is produced from hydrocarbon fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) or nuclear power, but these generate environmental and waste management issues. To address these issues, active technological development is underway to transition to a carbon-free hydrogen energy society. Among these, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide water electrolysis cells (SOECs) are attracting attention. SOFCs generate electricity through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen ions, while SOECs produce green hydrogen by decomposing water vapor. These technologies consist of alternating stacks of unit cells, current collectors, sealants, and separators, with reactants moving through the separators to porous electrodes. Furthermore, multiple unit cells are stacked vertically to increase power generation capacity and hydrogen production.

[0003] The supply of reactant gases to SOFC and SOEC stacks can be categorized into internal and external manifolds. The internal manifold method supplies reactant gases through the interior of the bipolar plate. This method offers a relatively simple stack configuration and eliminates the need for additional flow paths outside the stack. However, interlayer thermal and chemical gradients can deteriorate performance and durability. In contrast, the external manifold method supplies reactant gases through a flow zone outside the bipolar plate. This results in a more complex stack configuration and requires additional flow paths, insulation, and fastening structures. However, this method mitigates interlayer thermal and chemical gradients, ensures even flow distribution, reduces the overall stack temperature deviation, and induces a more uniform electrochemical reaction.

[0004] The present invention provides a structure that contrasts with the existing patent, "Manifold and sealing assembly for fuel cell stack (WO 02 / 071523 A1), Fuelcell energy." The prior art uses an external manifold that is directly connected to the stack, and focuses on efficient arrangement of the manifold and seal. In contrast, the present invention deviates from this traditional approach and introduces an external manifold design that wraps around the entire stack, thereby avoiding direct connection between the manifold and the stack, reducing the risk of electrical shorts, and proposing a novel method that improves the stability and durability of the system.

[0005] The present invention takes a different approach compared to the prior art presented in "Assembly method and arrangement for a cell system (US 2016 / 0334057 A1), Elcogen." Existing foreign patents, rather than providing detailed designs for reactant gas distribution or thermal management, present a simple obstacle-type design that forces the reactant gas to flow into the channel. In contrast, the present invention provides a more sophisticated and efficient design capable of responding to various operating conditions. While the simple obstacle-type design of the prior art can worsen the temperature distribution of the stack, the present invention focuses on addressing this issue and improving the overall performance and efficiency of the stack.

[0006] Labyrinth seals differ from conventional seals in that they utilize a complex mechanical seal that provides a complex path to prevent fluid leakage. This complex path allows the fluid to undergo multiple changes in direction as it passes through the seal, reducing leakage. Their effectiveness is particularly evident in challenging operating environments, such as high temperatures and high pressures, making them a valuable option in the energy sector. Furthermore, their design can reduce maintenance costs and extend the life of equipment. Each labyrinth seal can be tailored to specific applications and requirements, helping to control fluid flow and minimize energy loss. Therefore, a properly designed labyrinth seal can contribute to improved overall system performance and is a valuable option for the design of high-performance machines and equipment, where energy efficiency is paramount.

[0007] The present invention aims to address various issues that arise when using an external manifold. The use of an external manifold complicates the structure and shape due to the formation of additional flow paths, and carries with it various risks. Therefore, the present invention seeks to provide an external manifold design that maintains its fastening strength even with thermal expansion. Furthermore, a design is needed that minimizes contact between the stack and the external manifold, thereby reducing the risk of electrical short-circuiting. For stable operation, a smooth supply of oxygen is essential. In particular, resolving issues such as cathode delamination and undesirable phase formation due to high oxygen partial pressure in SOEC operation, as well as reduced electrochemical reaction and reduced stack cooling effect due to insufficient oxygen supply in SOFC operation, are also important tasks.

[0008] In particular, the present invention aims to address the following challenges by utilizing labyrinth seals: By reducing fluid leakage problems that can occur in existing systems, the efficiency and reliability of equipment can be improved. This can explore the potential for lowering energy consumption and maintenance costs in operating machinery. The introduction of labyrinth seals can also contribute to minimizing wear and damage to internal components by preventing the ingress of fine particles and contaminants into the equipment. This approach ensures stable performance over long periods of use, thereby enhancing overall operational efficiency.

[0009] In one aspect, the present invention provides an insulating manifold for an electrochemical reaction capable of externally supplying gas, comprising: a plate-shaped base manifold formed by having at least a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit extending upwardly and downwardly; and a housing portion having a cross-section open toward the bottom and capable of being fastened to an upper surface and a lower edge of the base manifold; and further comprising insulating plates positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of an internal space surrounded by the base manifold portion and the housing portion, respectively.

[0010] In one embodiment, the housing portion may include a first housing having a cross-section open toward the bottom, having a shape with one side closed, and being capable of being fastened to the upper surface and lower edge of the base manifold; and a second housing having a cross-section open toward the bottom, having a shape with one side closed, and being capable of being fastened to the base manifold and lower edge.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first housing and the second housing can be fastened to each other at their respective non-closed edges facing each other.

[0012] In one embodiment, the base manifold portion and the housing portion can be connected to each other through a male-female connection structure.

[0013] In one embodiment, the base manifold portion has a rail structure that guides the first housing and the second housing to slide, the rail structure is formed in a direction in which the first housing and the second housing face each other, and the first housing and the second housing may have lower edges having a shape complementary to the rail structure.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention provides an electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold, including a stack in which at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit is accommodated so as not to cover the insulating manifold and the insulating plate of the internal space, at least a plurality of plate-shaped electrodes and a separator plate separating the plurality of plate-shaped electrodes are stacked, and a sealant is stacked on the upper and lower portions.

[0015] In one embodiment, the stack may be configured as a stack for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) or a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC).

[0016] In one embodiment, the lower manifold portion may be formed in a rectangular, circular, oval, or circular portion shape.

[0017] In one embodiment, the stack may further include a pressurizing structure at the top or bottom.

[0018] In one embodiment, at least one fluid conduit among the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit that is not covered by the stack is formed of a plurality of fluid conduits, and the system may further include a resistance structure that at least partially blocks fluid flow from at least some of the plurality of fluid conduits to other parts.

[0019] In one embodiment, the resistance structure may include a first resistance structure formed on at least one of the layers of the stack or one of the housing portions and a second resistance structure formed on the other.

[0020] In one embodiment, the resistance structure may further include an insulating portion formed between the first resistance structure and the second resistance structure.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first resistance structure or the second resistance structure may be formed to be able to move relative to each other.

[0022] In one embodiment, the relative movement of the first resistance structure or the second resistance structure can be implemented through a rack structure having a pinion extending in a direction perpendicular to the relative movement and a gear meshing with the pinion.

[0023] In another aspect, the present invention comprises a plate-shaped base manifold formed by penetrating at least a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit upwardly and downwardly; and a housing portion having a cross-section open toward the bottom and capable of being fastened at an upper surface and a lower edge of the base manifold; and further comprising an insulating manifold including an insulating plate positioned on an upper surface and a lower surface of an internal space surrounded by the base manifold portion and the housing portion, respectively; An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold, comprising a stack in which at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit is accommodated between the insulating plates of the internal space so as not to be covered, at least a plurality of plate-shaped electrodes and a separator plate separating the plurality of plate-shaped electrodes are stacked, and a sealant is stacked on the upper and lower portions; wherein at least one fluid conduit among the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit that is not covered by the stack is formed of a plurality of fluid conduits, and the system further includes a resistance structure that at least partially impedes fluid flow from at least a portion of the plurality of fluid conduits to another portion.

[0024] In one embodiment, the resistance structure may have a labyrinth seal structure.

[0025] In one embodiment, the labyrinth seal structure may have a complementary sawtooth structure formed on the insulating manifold and the stack.

[0026] In one embodiment, the stack stacking direction cross-section of the sawtooth structure may be rectangular.

[0027] In one embodiment, the stack stacking direction cross-section of the sawtooth structure may be trapezoidal.

[0028] In one embodiment, the stack stacking direction cross-section of the sawtooth structure may be triangular.

[0029] In one embodiment, the housing portion includes a first housing having a cross-section open toward the bottom and having a shape with one side closed, and being capable of being fastened to the upper surface and the lower edge of the base manifold; and a second housing having a cross-section open toward the bottom and having a shape with one side closed, and being capable of being fastened to the base manifold and the lower edge; wherein the first housing and the second housing can be fastened to each other at their respective non-closed edges while facing each other.

[0030] In one embodiment, the base manifold portion and the housing portion can be connected to each other through a male-female connection structure.

[0031] In one embodiment, the base manifold portion has a rail structure that guides the first housing and the second housing to slide, the rail structure is formed in a direction in which the first housing and the second housing face each other, and the first housing and the second housing may have lower edges having a shape complementary to the rail structure.

[0032] In one embodiment, the stack may be configured as a stack for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) or a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC).

[0033] In one embodiment, the lower manifold portion may be formed in a rectangular, circular, oval, or circular portion shape.

[0034] In one embodiment, the stack may further include a pressurizing structure at the top or bottom.

[0035] In one embodiment, a flow path through which fluid flow occurs from at least some of the plurality of fluid conduits in which the resistance structure is formed to another part may be filled with a sealing material or insulating material that closes at least some of the path.

[0036] Specifically, the present invention provides an external manifold design with a simplified structure and shape. This design minimizes contact between the stack and the external manifold, thereby reducing the risk of electrical short circuits, and has the characteristic of maintaining the joint strength despite thermal expansion. In particular, the external manifold design is characterized by a 'contactless housing' structure that surrounds the stack. In addition, the present invention provides a fixed flow resistance structure, which integrates a structure into the separator so that the flow resistance remains constant within specific stack operating conditions. A variable flow resistance structure is also included, which can variably adjust the flow resistance depending on the stack operating conditions, thereby controlling the pressure drop outside the stack for stack cooling under exothermic operating conditions, or operating by not venting air outside the stack to reduce the stack cooling effect when the operating conditions are not exothermic.

[0037] The external manifold design of the present invention, unlike existing manifold structures, does not directly attach the manifold to the stack, but rather configures a stack housing that surrounds the entire stack, providing a structure that maintains the same strength even under high-temperature operating conditions. This reduces the risk of electrical short-circuiting, unlike existing manifold designs, and enables stable operation. The stack housing is attached using structures such as bolts and nuts with protrusions on the outside, and can also accommodate the pressurized structure present on the upper portion of a commercial stack. In addition, the flow resistance structure is adjusted to determine the inflow of air to the side of the stack, which is achieved by either completely blocking or not blocking the air flow path. The amount of air flowing into the channel is determined based on the pressure drop in the channel and the pressure drop in the external flow path of the stack.

[0038] The marketability and expected effects of the present invention focus on enhancing the performance and durability of fuel cells and electrolyzers. This is because maintaining a uniform temperature distribution in the stack plays a critical role in improving the efficiency of these devices. Conventional external manifold stacks adopt a design that attaches the manifold to the stack itself, but this approach can lead to problems such as electrical shorts and weakened fastening strength. The present invention addresses these issues by utilizing a housing-type external manifold and various types of resistor structures, thereby reducing the risks of existing designs and enabling them to be applied to a variety of operating conditions. This is expected to significantly enhance the marketability of fuel cells and electrolyzers by uniformly distributing the temperature in the stack and enhancing performance and durability.

[0039] In particular, the present invention, which incorporates a labyrinth seal as a resistance structure, is expected to significantly improve fluid flow control and leakage prevention. This significantly reduces unauthorized fluid passage through the microscopic gap between the stack and the manifold, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and stability of the system. This design can offer significant benefits, particularly in environments where energy is a precious resource, and can also contribute to reduced maintenance and operating costs in the long term.

[0040] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating an example of an electrochemical reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 is a drawing showing the assembled state, disassembled state, and cross-sectional view of the manifold.

[0042] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating a method of supplying fuel, air, etc. to a stack of an electrochemical reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figures 4 to 6 are drawings illustrating manifolds of various shapes.

[0044] Figure 7 is a drawing showing an example of a method of connecting a lower manifold and a housing.

[0045] Figures 8 and 9 are drawings showing another example of fastening the lower manifold and the housing.

[0046] FIG. 10 is a drawing showing an example of a resistance structure that impedes or blocks the flow of fluid in the electrochemical reaction system of the present invention.

[0047] Fig. 11 is a drawing showing another example of the resistance structure of the present invention.

[0048] Figures 12 to 14 illustrate examples of a fluidly movable resistance structure.

[0049] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention in which a labyrinth seal structure is adopted as a resistance structure.

[0050] Figure 16 illustrates the flow of fluid after the labyrinth seal structure is introduced.

[0051] Figure 17 shows a cross-sectional view with the labyrinth seal structure introduced.

[0052] Figure 18 illustrates an example of the parameters that determine the various shapes, structures, numbers, and arrangements that labyrinth seal structures can be formed in.

[0053] Figure 19 illustrates an example in which the sawtooth structure of the labyrinth seal structure is formed in a trapezoidal shape.

[0054] Figure 20 illustrates an embodiment in which the sawtooth structure of the labyrinth seal structure is formed in a rectangular shape.

[0055] Figure 21 illustrates an example in which the sawtooth structure of the labyrinth seal structure is formed in a triangle shape.

[0056] Figure 22 illustrates an embodiment in which a sealing material or insulating material is filled in a labyrinth seal structure.

[0057] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The present invention may be modified in various ways and may take various forms. Therefore, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to a specific disclosed form, but should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention. In describing each drawing, similar reference numerals are used to indicate similar components. In the attached drawings, the dimensions of structures are shown larger than actual size to ensure clarity of the present invention.

[0058] The terminology used in this application is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, it should be understood that the terms "comprise" or "have" are intended to specify the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, or combination thereof described in the specification, but do not exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, or combinations thereof. In the context of this specification, the term "about" or the like can mean about ± 1%, about ± 2%, about ± 3%, about ± 4%, about ± 5%, about ± 6%, about ± 7%, about ± 8%, about ± 9%, or about ± 10% of a numerical value described in the specification.

[0059] Additionally, the description of one aspect of the present invention may be applied identically or similarly to the same or similar configurations or terms in the description of other aspects.

[0060] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

[0061] An insulating manifold according to an embodiment of the present invention is an insulating manifold for an electrochemical reaction capable of supplying gas from the outside, comprising: a plate-shaped base manifold portion formed by penetrating at least a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit upward and downward; and a housing portion having a cross-section open toward the bottom and capable of being fastened to an upper surface and a lower edge of the base manifold; and may further include insulating plates positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of an internal space surrounded by the base manifold portion and the housing portion, respectively.

[0062] In the context of this specification, the term "manifold" refers to a system of valves and piping that efficiently supplies and discharges fluids. This insulated manifold is constructed of materials that can withstand high temperatures, evenly supplying fluids such as fuel, oxygen, or air to the electrodes, and can also precisely control their pressure and flow rates.

[0063] In the context of this specification, the term "insulating" refers to providing a physical barrier to prevent electrical shorts or other electrical interference that may occur in an electrochemical reaction system. This insulating manifold is essential for ensuring the stable operation of systems such as SOFCs and SOECs. It maintains insulation even under high-temperature operating conditions, prevents direct contact between the stack and the manifold, thereby enhancing system safety and facilitating efficient energy conversion. Therefore, the role of the insulating plate is to implement this insulation.

[0064] The role of the above base manifold is to provide a base for the manifold of the present invention by forming a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit, and to provide a fluid inlet passage. The role of the housing is to form a space in which a stack or the like can be accommodated, and to provide insulation and structural stability overall by combining with the base manifold. The role of the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit is to provide a passage through which a fluid such as air, oxygen, hydrogen, or water vapor flows into the space formed by the base manifold and the housing. The fluid or the like introduced through this can enter the stack to be accommodated inside or the fluid passage outside the stack.

[0065] In the context of this specification, the term "edge" refers to the end, edge, boundary, or joint where components meet. This edge may be designed to ensure that the components fit together precisely and are securely fastened.

[0066] In one embodiment, the base manifold and the housing may be connected to each other through a male-female fastening structure. In the context of the present specification, the term "male-female fastening structure" refers to a method in which one component (female) is physically engaged or joined to another component (male) and thus stably connected. This fastening structure is essential for effectively connecting the base manifold and the housing to maintain internal insulation and ensure the stability of the entire structure. This male-female fastening structure is made of a material that is strong and durable enough to withstand high temperature and pressure conditions, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of electrochemical reaction systems such as SOFCs and SOECs. The above-mentioned connection method will be described later in the following examples.

[0067] In one embodiment, the housing portion may include a first housing having a cross-section open toward the bottom, extending and having a shape with one side closed, and capable of being fastened to the upper surface and the lower edge of the base manifold; and a second housing having a cross-section open toward the bottom, extending and having a shape with one side closed, and capable of being fastened to the base manifold and the lower edge. In one embodiment, the first housing and the second housing may be fastened to each other at their respective non-closed edges while facing each other. Since the housing portion is composed of two or more housing parts, the housing portion may be capable of being assembled in different ways. For example, in one embodiment, the base manifold portion may have a rail structure that slides and guides the first housing and the second housing, the rail structure being formed in a direction in which the first housing and the second housing face each other, and the first housing and the second housing having lower edges having a shape complementary to the rail structure. The above-mentioned combination method will be described later in the following examples.

[0068] Meanwhile, an electrochemical reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention is an electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between a stack and a manifold, and may include: an insulating manifold according to an embodiment of the present invention described above; and a stack in which at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit is accommodated so as not to be covered between the insulating plates of the internal space, at least a plurality of plate-shaped electrodes and a separator plate separating the plurality of plate-shaped electrodes are stacked, and a sealant is stacked on the upper and lower portions.

[0069] The stack, similar to the stacks used in SOFCs or SOECs, serves as a key component for electrochemical reactions. The stack reacts fuel, oxygen, and other elements through contact with electrodes, generating electrical energy in the process or using the electrical energy to produce fuels such as hydrogen.

[0070] The reason why the stack is accommodated so as not to cover at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit is because the manifold of the present invention is an external manifold system in which at least one fluid is supplied from outside the stack, inside the housing, and then enters the stack.

[0071] In one embodiment, the stack may be configured as a stack for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) or a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC). In the context of this specification, the meaning of SOFC or SOEC refers to an electrochemical reaction device that operates at high temperatures, and a device that converts fuel into electrical energy or produces fuel such as hydrogen using electrical energy, respectively. For efficient operation of these devices, a uniform supply of fuel or oxygen is essential, and it is important to appropriately manage the heat and electrochemical reaction generated during this process.

[0072] In one embodiment, the lower manifold portion may be formed in a rectangular, circular, oval, or circular portion shape. The above-described shapes and the like will be described in the following embodiments.

[0073] In one embodiment, the stack may further include a pressure structure at the top or bottom. In the context of this specification, the pressure structure refers to a member that applies pressure at least in the stacking direction of the stack to maintain the structural and functional stability of the stack. Therefore, the pressure structure is not limited in any way as long as it can apply pressure, and may apply pressure by weight as a mass body or by elastic force as an elastic body.

[0074] In one embodiment, at least one of the fluid conduits among the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit that is not covered by the stack is formed of a plurality of fluid conduits, and the system may further include a resistance structure that at least partially blocks fluid flow from at least some of the plurality of fluid conduits to other parts. The reason why the resistance structure that at least partially blocks the fluid flow in the SOEC or SOFC is necessary is to ensure uniform distribution and efficient management of the fluid. This resistance structure regulates the inflow and outflow of the fluid, thereby maintaining and optimizing the balance of the electrochemical reaction occurring within the stack. By partially blocking the fluid flow, the reactant gases within the stack are prevented from being excessively concentrated or unevenly distributed, which plays an important role in improving the performance and efficiency of the entire system.

[0075] In one embodiment, the resistance structure may include a first resistance structure formed on at least a portion of the layers of the stack or one of the housing portions and a second resistance structure formed on the other. In one embodiment, the resistance structure may further include an insulating portion formed between the first resistance structure and the second resistance structure.

[0076] In one embodiment, the first resistance structure or the second resistance structure may be formed to be capable of relative movement with respect to one another. By such relative movement, the resistance structure including the first resistance structure and the second resistance structure can control the degree to which the fluid flow is blocked. Such a structure will be described in the following embodiments.

[0077] In one embodiment, the relative movement of the first resistance structure or the second resistance structure may be implemented through a rack structure having a pinion extending in a direction perpendicular to the relative movement and a gear meshing with the pinion. Such a structure will be described in the following embodiments.

[0078] Meanwhile, in another aspect of the present invention, an electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between a stack and a manifold according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a plate-shaped base manifold portion formed by penetrating at least a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit upwardly and downwardly; and a housing portion having a cross-section open toward the bottom and capable of being fastened at an upper surface and a lower edge of the base manifold; and an insulating manifold further comprising insulating plates positioned on an upper surface and a lower surface of an internal space surrounded by the base manifold portion and the housing portion, respectively; An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold, comprising a stack in which at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit is accommodated so as not to be covered between the insulating plates of the internal space, at least a plurality of plate-shaped electrodes and a separator plate separating the plurality of plate-shaped electrodes are stacked, and a sealant is stacked on the upper and lower portions; wherein at least one fluid conduit among the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit that is not covered by the stack is formed of a plurality of fluid conduits, and the system may further include a resistance structure that at least partially impedes fluid flow from at least a portion of the plurality of fluid conduits to another portion.

[0079] In one embodiment, the resistance structure may have a labyrinth seal structure. In the context of this specification, a labyrinth seal refers to a structure that restricts or impedes the direct flow of fluid through complex, overlapping passages. Such a structure can help prevent the ingress of fine particles or contaminants and minimize wear and damage to internal components by slowing or directing the flow of fluid. Furthermore, a labyrinth seal can contribute to optimizing thermal and chemical reactions under certain conditions and has the potential to enhance the stability and durability of the entire system. In this way, a labyrinth seal can play a crucial role in an electrochemical reaction system, and can be a crucial element in maintaining or improving the performance of the system, especially when operating in high-temperature or high-pressure environments.

[0080] In one embodiment, the labyrinth seal structure may have a complementary sawtooth structure formed on the insulating manifold and the stack. Since the labyrinth seal structure has a complementary sawtooth structure, it is possible to more effectively manage and control the flow of fluid. This structure prevents the fluid from escaping in an undesirable direction, while simultaneously allowing the fluid to smoothly reach the necessary area. This can help improve the uniformity and efficiency of the electrochemical reaction, particularly by ensuring efficient distribution and introduction of the reaction gas.

[0081] In one embodiment, the stack stacking direction cross-section of the sawtooth structure may be rectangular. In one embodiment, the stack stacking direction cross-section of the sawtooth structure may be trapezoidal. In one embodiment, the stack stacking direction cross-section of the sawtooth structure may be triangular. These various shapes of sawtooth structures can contribute to fine-tuning the fluid dynamic characteristics and the behavior of fluids within the system. Different cross-sectional shapes can provide optimal performance under specific conditions. The number and arrangement of the rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular sawtooth structures are not particularly limited. The advantages of specific shapes, structures, numbers, and arrangements of the sawtooth structures will become apparent in the embodiments described below.

[0082] In one embodiment, the flow path through which fluid flows from at least some of the plurality of fluid conduits, in which the resistance structure is formed, to other parts may be filled with a sealant or insulating material that closes at least a portion of the path. A sealant refers to a material that fills gaps or blocks holes to prevent leakage of fluids or gases, and an insulating material refers to a material used to electrically isolate different parts and block electrical connections. By adding a sealant or insulating material that closes at least a portion of the path, unwanted fluid or gas leakage within the system can be effectively prevented and the risk of electrical short-circuiting can be reduced. This serves as an important measure that can significantly improve the stability and reliability of the electrochemical reaction system. Moreover, such structural improvements can help maximize system efficiency and reduce operating costs in the long term.

[0083] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the embodiments described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0084] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating an example of an electrochemical reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating an assembled state, an exploded state, and a cross-sectional view of a manifold. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 together, a lower manifold (base manifold portion) and a stack housing (housing portion) can constitute the manifold of the present invention. The internal space of the manifold includes a laminated stack, and the upper and lower portions of the stack may include an end plate, an insulating material, a sealing material, and / or a pressurizing structure. Although FIG. 1 illustrates that the stack housing is composed of two parts and fastened with bolts / nuts, this is exemplary and the coupling method is not limited to the bolt / nut method, and the stack housing may be configured as a one-piece depending on the coupling method with the lower manifold.

[0085] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method for supplying fuel, air, etc. to a stack of an electrochemical reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the method for supplying two or more types of fluids through a plurality of fluid conduits formed in the lower manifold and the fluid connection relationship of the stack can be confirmed. Although FIG. 3 specifies a method for supplying fuel and air, the electrochemical reaction system of the present invention is not limited to the above fluids.

[0086] Manifold shape

[0087] Figures 4 to 6 are drawings illustrating manifolds of various shapes. Figure 4 illustrates an example in which the manifold shape is defined as an oval, Figure 5 a circular shape, and Figure 6 a circular portion. As such, the electrochemical reaction system and manifold according to embodiments of the present invention are not particularly limited in shape or structure, as long as they include the functionally described components. Although Figures 4 to 6 illustrate only three shapes, this does not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0088] How the lower manifold and housing are fastened

[0089] Figure 7 is a drawing illustrating an example of a method for connecting a lower manifold and a housing. Referring to Figure 7, the lower manifold and the housing can be connected through a protruding structure with a hole formed on each outer surface. A male-female connection structure or the like can be used for this connection. In this case, the housing may be configured as an integral unit.

[0090] Figures 8 and 9 are drawings illustrating another example of connecting a lower manifold and a housing. Referring to Figures 8 and 9 together, a rail-like structure may be formed on the lower manifold, and the housing may be formed to be guided along the rail. As shown in Figure 9, the housing is composed of two parts, and after being joined by sliding guides on both sides of the lower manifold, the two parts of the housing may be connected to each other using a male-female fastening structure or the like.

[0091] Formation of resistance structure

[0092] In the electrochemical reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the flow of fluid may be interrupted or blocked as needed. The purpose of such interruption or blockage of fluid flow has been described above. The flow of fluid is illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0093] Figure 10 is a drawing illustrating an example of a resistance structure that impedes or blocks the flow of fluid in the electrochemical reaction system of the present invention. Referring to Figure 10, the separator and the housing each have a protruding structure formed thereon, which, compared to when the protruding structure is absent, narrows the fluid flow passage and increases the flow length, thereby impeding the fluid flow or, if necessary, completely blocking it.

[0094] Fig. 11 is a drawing showing another example of the resistance structure of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 11, the point that protruding structures are formed on the separator and the housing is the same as Fig. 10, but an insulating material is additionally formed between the protruding structures of the separator and the housing, thereby more reliably ensuring insulation between the stack and the housing, which is one purpose of the present invention.

[0095] FIGS. 10 and 11 do not include a function for adjusting the degree to which the resistance structure is fixed and thus obstructs or blocks the flow of fluid as desired. FIGS. 12 to 14 illustrate an example of a fluidly movable resistance structure. Referring to FIGS. 12 to 14 together, the resistance structure has a rack-and-pinion structure that meshes with each other through gears and moves, thereby allowing the flow resistance structure to move at least laterally. This movement can adjust the degree to which the fluid passage is obstructed, thereby determining the degree to which the fluid flow is obstructed. In particular, as illustrated in FIG. 14, since the manifold and housing of the present invention provide a closed system, they can be configured to operate the rack-and-pinion structure by applying a driving force from the outside.

[0096] Formation of a resistance structure of a labyrinth seal structure

[0097] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention that employs a labyrinth seal structure as a resistance structure. Referring to FIG. 15, protrusions are present on the stack housing and the outside of the stack to form the labyrinth seal structure. FIG. 16 illustrates the flow of fluid after the labyrinth seal structure is introduced. FIG. 17 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a state in which the labyrinth seal structure is introduced. Various labyrinth seal structures are exemplified below.

[0098] Figure 18 illustrates an example of a labyrinth seal structure that can be formed in various shapes, structures, numbers, and arrangements, and the parameters that determine these. The number of flow resistance elements can vary and can be designated as N. The width of the flow resistance elements can correspond to the height of the teeth and can be designated as W. The spacing between the flow resistance elements can correspond to the spacing between the teeth and can be designated as I. The shape of the flow resistance elements can be designated as S.

[0099] Figure 19 illustrates an example in which the sawtooth structure of the labyrinth seal structure is formed in a trapezoidal shape. Here, N=9, W=4 mm, and I=3 mm.

[0100] Figure 20 illustrates an example in which the sawtooth structure of the labyrinth seal structure is formed in a rectangular shape. Here, N=17, W=3 mm, and I=0.5 mm.

[0101] Figure 21 illustrates an example in which the sawtooth structure of the labyrinth seal structure is formed in a triangle. Here, N=49, W=3.5 mm, and I=2 mm.

[0102] Figure 22 illustrates an embodiment in which a sealing material or insulating material is filled into a labyrinth seal structure. By filling the sealing material or insulating material, all or part of the (air) flow path can be blocked.

[0103] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below.

Claims

1. An insulating manifold comprising a plate-shaped base manifold formed by penetrating at least a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit upwardly and downwardly; and a housing portion having a cross-section open toward the bottom and capable of being fastened to an upper surface and a lower edge of the base manifold; and further comprising insulating plates positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of an internal space surrounded by the base manifold portion and the housing portion, respectively; An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold, comprising a stack in which at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit is accommodated so as not to be covered between the insulating plates of the internal space, at least a plurality of plate-shaped electrodes and a separator plate separating the plurality of plate-shaped electrodes are stacked, and a sealant is stacked on the upper and lower portions; At least one fluid conduit among the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit that is not covered by the stack is formed of a plurality of fluid conduits, The system further comprises a resistance structure that at least partially impedes fluid flow from at least some of the plurality of fluid conduits to other parts, An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

2. In paragraph 1, The above resistance structure has a labyrinth seal structure. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

3. In paragraph 2, The above labyrinth seal structure has a complementary-shaped sawtooth structure formed on the insulating manifold and the stack. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

4. In paragraph 3, The stack stacking direction cross-section of the above sawtooth structure is rectangular. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

5. In paragraph 3, The cross-section of the stacking direction of the above sawtooth structure is trapezoidal. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

6. In paragraph 3, The cross-section of the stacking direction of the above sawtooth structure is triangular. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

7. In paragraph 1, The housing part includes a first housing that extends with a cross-section open toward the bottom and has a shape with one side closed, and can be fastened to the upper surface and lower edge of the base manifold; and a second housing that extends with a cross-section open toward the bottom and has a shape with one side closed, and can be fastened to the base manifold and the lower edge; Here, the first housing and the second housing are fastened to face each other at their respective unclosed edges, An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

8. In paragraph 1, The above base manifold part and the housing part are connected to each other through a male-female connection structure. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

9. In paragraph 7, The above base manifold part has a rail structure that guides the sliding of the first housing and the second housing, the rail structure is formed in a direction in which the first housing and the second housing face each other, and the first housing and the second housing have a lower edge having a complementary shape to the rail structure. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

10. In paragraph 1, The above stack is composed of a stack for SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) or SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell). An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

11. In paragraph 1, The above lower manifold portion is formed in a rectangular, circular, oval, or circular portion shape. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

12. In paragraph 1, The above stack further includes a pressurized structure at the top or bottom, An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

13. In any one of paragraphs 2 to 6 In the path through which fluid flow occurs from at least some of the plurality of fluid conduits in which the resistance structure is formed to another part, a sealing material or insulating material that closes at least some of the path is filled. An electrochemical reaction system without electrical contact between the stack and the manifold.

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