Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that calculates a change amount of at least one among a pass loss (PL), a PL offset, and a value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL, during a period between the current time and a last power headroom report (PHR) transmission time; and a transmission unit that transmits the PHR when the change amount is greater than a threshold. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, PHR can be appropriately transmitted / reported.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has also been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, for example, in order to expand UL coverage, UL high-density allocation is being considered, in which UL reception points that mainly perform UL reception are provided in addition to DL transmission points. Also, for example, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) using macro Base Stations (BSs) and micro BSs are being considered. In other words, the TRP / BS of the DL transmission source and the TRP / BS of the UL transmission destination may be different.

[0006] However, in such deployments / networks, a method for triggering a power headroom report (PHR) reported from a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) has not been fully considered. If the PHR is not transmitted / reported appropriately, communication quality / throughput may be degraded.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately transmit / report PHR.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by having a control unit that calculates the change in at least one of a path loss (PL), a PL offset, and a value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL during a period between a current time and a time when the last power headroom report (PHR) was transmitted, and a transmission unit that transmits a PHR if the change is greater than a threshold value.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, PHR can be transmitted / reported appropriately.

[0010] Figure 1A is a diagram showing an example of a typical arrangement of transmission and reception points. Figure 1B is a diagram showing an example of an UL high-density arrangement. Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of DL / UL coverage in a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). Figure 3A is a diagram showing an example of association between RS indices and PL values. Figure 3B is a diagram showing an example of association between RS indices and delta PL values. Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of Option 1 in UL high-density arrangement. Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of Option 2 in UL high-density arrangement. Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of power control parameters related to TCI states. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of a TCI-State information element in Rel. 17. Figures 8A and 8B are diagrams showing an example of UL power control parameters in Rel. 17. Figure 9 is a diagram showing a first example of power control parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) related to TCI states. Figure 10 is a diagram showing a second example of power control parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) related to TCI states. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting of the TCI-State information element in Option 2. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting of the TCI-UL-State information element in Option 2. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting of the PUSCH-PowerControl information element in Option 2. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a third example of power control parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) related to the TCI state. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting of the PL offset in the case of DL sTRP / UL mTRP. FIG. 16A is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting of a transmission power parameter corresponding to DL TRP (TCI state #0). FIG. 16B is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting of a transmission power parameter corresponding to UL TRP (TCI state #1). FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing flow according to the first embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (TCI, spatial relationship, QCL) In NR, it is considered to control the reception processing (e.g., at least one of reception, demapping, demodulation, and decoding) and transmission processing (e.g., at least one of transmission, mapping, precoding, modulation, and encoding) in a UE of at least one of a signal and a channel (referred to as a signal / channel) based on a transmission configuration indication state (TCI state).

[0012] The TCI state may represent that which is applied to a downlink signal / channel, and the equivalent of the TCI state that is applied to an uplink signal / channel may be expressed as a spatial relation.

[0013] The TCI state is information about the Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) of signals / channels, and may also be called spatial reception parameters, spatial relation information, etc. The TCI state may be configured in the UE for each channel or signal.

[0014] The QCL is an index indicating the statistical properties of signals / channels. For example, if a signal / channel has a QCL relationship with another signal / channel, it may mean that it can be assumed that at least one of the following parameters is the same between these different signals / channels (i.e., the QCL is true for at least one of the following parameters): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial parameter (e.g., spatial Rx parameter).

[0015] The spatial reception parameters may correspond to a reception beam (e.g., a reception analog beam) of the UE, and the beam may be identified based on a spatial QCL. The QCL (or at least one element of the QCL) in the present disclosure may be replaced with sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0016] A plurality of types of QCLs (QCL types) may be defined. For example, four QCL types A to D may be provided, each having different parameters (or parameter sets) that can be assumed to be the same.

[0017] The UE's assumption that a Control Resource Set (CORESET), channel, or reference signal has a specific QCL (e.g., QCL type D) relationship with another CORESET, channel, or reference signal may be referred to as a QCL assumption.

[0018] The UE may determine at least one of a transmit beam (Tx beam) and a receive beam (Rx beam) for a signal / channel based on the TCI condition or QCL assumption of the signal / channel.

[0019] The TCI state may be, for example, information about the QCL between the channel of interest (in other words, the Reference Signal (RS) for that channel) and another signal (e.g., another RS). The TCI state may be set (indicated) by higher layer signaling, physical layer signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0020] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0021] The channel for which the TCI state or spatial relationship is set (specified) may be, for example, at least one of a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), and an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)).

[0022] Furthermore, the RS that has a QCL relationship with the channel may be, for example, at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a tracking CSI-RS (also called a tracking reference signal (TRS)), and a QCL detection reference signal (also called a QRS).

[0023] An SSB is a signal block including at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). An SSB may also be referred to as an SS / PBCH block.

[0024] An RS of QCL type X in a TCI state may refer to an RS that has a QCL type X relationship with a certain channel / signal (DMRS), and this RS may be called a QCL source of QCL type X in the TCI state.

[0025] In the present disclosure, the following may be read interchangeably: a port (antenna port) of a signal (resource, channel) is QCL'd with an RS (DL RS, QCL source RS); there is a QCL relationship between a port of a signal and an RS; a signal is QCL'd with an RS; a signal is QCL'd with an RS in a TCI state; a signal is QCL'd with an RS in a TCI state for a specific QCL type; a signal is associated with a TCI state; a TCI state is set / indicated for a signal; and a UE assumes that a port of a signal is QCL'd with an RS in a TCI state.

[0026] In the present disclosure, beam, SD beam, spatial domain index, precoding, precoder, quasi co-location (QCL) assumption, QCL relationship, transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, spatial domain filter, spatial domain receive filter, spatial domain transmit filter, reference signal (RS), and spatial receive parameter may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0027] (Scenario 1: UL Dense Deployment (UL-Only TRP)) In Rel. 15 NR, the coverage (reaching distance) of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PDCCH, and PBCH is uneven. PUSCH coverage is limited, especially at high frequencies. Future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 18, Rel. 19, or later) are expected to improve at least one of UL coverage and UL throughput.

[0028] In order to expand UL coverage, the installation of UL reception points in addition to general transmission and reception points is being considered. Therefore, we will explain an example of the deployment of general transmission and reception points and an example of a deployment with UL reception points (UL dense deployment).

[0029] 1A is a diagram showing an example of a typical arrangement of transmission / reception points. In FIG. 1A, a UE receives a DL signal from a transmission / reception point (TRP) and transmits a UL signal to the TRP. For example, if the UE and the TRP are far apart, the path loss may be large, resulting in a deterioration in communication quality.

[0030] Figure 1B is a diagram showing an example of a high-density UL deployment. To expand UL coverage, it is considered to provide UL reception points as shown in Figure 1B in addition to DL transmission points. In Figure 1B, a UE receives DL signals from a DL transmission point (TRP / Central TRP / DL TRP / Macro TRP) corresponding to a macro cell and transmits UL signals to a UL reception point (e.g., a reception point with a smaller path loss / reception power). However, the UE may be able to perform UL transmission to a DL transmission point.

[0031] By using a high-density UL configuration such as that shown in Figure 1B, it is possible to improve both coverage and UL data rates by reducing path loss, improving UL signaling quality, and obtaining a higher coding rate compared to a general configuration such as that shown in Figure 1A. Furthermore, since the UL reception point mainly performs reception, it requires fewer functions (e.g., power amplifiers) and is therefore less costly than a transmission / reception point corresponding to a general small cell, making deployment management much easier.

[0032] In scenario 1, UL transmission of multiple TRPs may not be supported. For example, even if there are two TCIs indicated, UL TCI (UL single TRP) may always be indicated to one UE.

[0033] Alternatively, in Scenario 1, multi-TRP UL transmission (e.g., TDM / FDM repetition, SDM / SFN multi-panel simultaneous transmission, or all of them) may be supported. It may be specified that one of the two UL TRPs must be a DL TRP, or one of the two UL TRPs may be a DL TRP.

[0034] (Scenario 2: Decoupling of DL TRP and UL TRP in HetNet) In the present disclosure, a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) using a macro Base Station (BS) (DL TRP) and a micro BS (UL TRP) may be applied (FIG. 2). In a typical HetNet, the transmission power of the macro BS and the micro BS is different. Also, the optimal DL coverage and the optimal UL coverage are different. For example, the DL coverage is determined by the RSRP, and the UL coverage is determined by the path loss (PL).

[0035] In the example of FIG. 2, the UE is included in the optimal DL coverage of the macro BS and the optimal UL coverage of the micro BS. In this case, the UE can receive DL from the macro BS and transmit UL to the micro BS. However, the UE may transmit some reference signals / channels (e.g., SRS with Antenna Switching (AS) usage, used to acquire DL CSI) to the macro BS. Therefore, the UE may require two timing advances (TAs) in this scenario. Note that the AS SRS is transmitted to the macro BS because it is intended for the base station (macro BS) to measure DL CSI (e.g., determine the DL MIMO precoder) based on the reception of the SRS using channel reciprocity. On the other hand, the codebook / non-codebook SRS is transmitted to the micro BS because it is used for determining the precoder / beam of the PUSCH.

[0036] In a HetNet, even if a micro BS has DL transmission capability, it can save energy by turning off the DL function most of the time, in which case the function of the micro BS is similar to a UL-only TRP (UL Reception Point).

[0037] (Receiving Path Loss (PL)) The UE may receive first information indicating a path loss (PL) used for transmission power control (TPC), which is estimated and notified (transmitted) by the network, via DL signaling. The DL signaling may be at least one of higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC CE) and physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0038] The UE receives the path loss (PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ), P.L. ｂ，ｆ，ｃ ) (index q ｄ The active UL BWP of carrier f of serving cell c (path loss for b) may be used to calculate the UL signal transmission power (for example, the transmission power of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH) for a reception point that does not transmit downlink data.

[0039] <Option 1> The absolute path loss (PL) value [dB] for each RS index may be reported (transmitted) from the network to the UE, and the UE may use the reported absolute path loss value directly in calculating the transmission power.

[0040] <Option 2> The network may notify (transmit) a relative path loss (delta PL, PL offset) value [dB] for each RS index to the UE. The UE may use the path loss value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) the received delta PL value to the conventional path loss value estimated from the DL RS transmitted from the macro cell (macro BS / central TRP) for transmission power calculation.

[0041] The PL value / delta PL value in options 1 and 2 is q ｄThe PL value / delta PL value may be notified / configured for each index of the RS / SSB / CSI-RS / SRS resource / SRS resource set. One or more RS indices and the PL value / delta PL value corresponding to each RS index may be notified by DL signaling. The PL value / delta PL value may be interpreted as a PL parameter / delta PL parameter.

[0042] FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an example of the association between RS indexes and PL values. FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of the association between RS indexes and delta PL values. The association (correspondence) between RS indexes and PL values / delta PL values ​​is not limited to that shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. For example, one RS index may correspond to multiple PL values / delta PL values. Note that a quantization table (range and step) for PL values / delta PL values ​​may be predefined in the specifications. The notified PL values / delta PL values ​​may be quantized values ​​or indices of quantized values.

[0043] Figure 4 shows an example of Option 1 in UL dense deployment. The UL reception point receives / measures the UL signal. If the DL transmission point (macro TRP / gNB) knows the transmission power of this UL signal, the DL transmission point can know the exact PL value of the UL reception point. In this case, the DL transmission point can notify the UE of the absolute PL value (X [dB]) of the UL reception point.

[0044] Figure 5 shows an example of Option 2 in a UL dense deployment. When both the DL transmission point (macro TRP / gNB) and the UL reception point measure the same resource, the DL transmission point can recognize the difference between the PL between the DL transmission point and the UE and the PL between the UL reception point and the UE. In this case, the DL transmission point may notify the UE of this difference (PL offset / delta PL).

[0045] As described above, even if the UE is not notified of the DL RS (RS index) used for path loss estimation, the UE can calculate the transmission power using the notified PL value / delta PL value.

[0046] (UL Power Control Parameters for TCI States) Fig. 6 is a diagram showing examples of power control parameters related to TCI states. As shown in Fig. 6, the power control parameters of the path loss RS and the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS are associated with the TCI states.

[0047] When the Rel. 17 TCI state is set, the Rel. 15 / 16 TCI state and spatial relationship information (except positioning) cannot be set in the same band. For channels / RSs that do not apply the indicated TCI state, the Rel. 17 TCI state may be set instead of the Rel. 15 / 16 TCI state and spatial relationship information.

[0048] The UE may transmit UE capability information indicating that different power control parameters are associated with each TCI state. If the UE does not support this UE capability, default power control parameters may be used. Figure 7 shows an example of the TCI-State information element in Rel. 17. The default power control parameter is, for example, the pathlossReferenceRS-Id (pathlossReferenceRS-Id-r17) in Figure 7.

[0049] (UL Power Control Parameters for Unified TCI State in Rel. 17) In the unified TCI state in Rel. 17, the UE is provided with UL power control parameters (RRC information element "ul-powerControl-r17") included in the UE-specific UL BWP configuration (RRC information element "BWP-UplinkDedicated") (see Fig. 8A). If the UE is not configured with UL power control (ul-powerControl) for the UL TCI state / joint TCI state of the serving cell, these parameters are used for transmit power control of UL transmissions.

[0050] The UL power control parameter (RRC information element "ul-powerControl-r17") corresponds to a UL power control parameter ID (Uplink-powerControlId-r17), and the UL power control parameter is identified by this ID.

[0051] The UL power control parameters (RRC information element "uplink-powerControl-r17") corresponding to "ul-powerControl-r17" include at least one of a set of P0 and α for PUSCH (p0AlphaSetforPUSCH-r17), a set of P0 and α for PUCCH (p0AlphaSetforPUCCH-r17), and a set of P0 and α for SRS (p0AlphaSetforSRS-r17), and are used for transmission power control of each channel / signal (see FIG. 8B).

[0052] Also, in the Rel. 17 unified TCI framework, the RRC / MAC CE / DCI indicates one joint TCI or one set of {DL TCI, UL TCI} (separate TCI), where the indicated TCI applies to multiple UL / DL channels / RSs.

[0053] (UL Power Control Parameter Configuration for TCI State) A case where the UL power control parameter is configured (or not configured) for the UL TCI state or the joint TCI state of the serving cell will be described. The UE may receive a configuration of a first path loss value corresponding to a UL reception point (UL TRP) or a configuration of a PL offset value that is a difference between the first path loss value and a second path loss value corresponding to a DL transmission point (DL TRP), and calculate the transmit power of a UL signal to be transmitted to the UL reception point based on the first path loss value or the PL offset value.

[0054] Whether or not a PL value or a PL offset value is set is determined / set for each TCI state ID. Also, the PL value or the PL offset value may be determined / set for each TCI state ID. Hereinafter, the UL TCI state / joint TCI state may be simply referred to as a TCI state.

[0055] In the unified TCI state of Rel. 17, an RRC parameter (Uplink-powerControlId-r17) indicating UL power control is configured in the UE for each TCI state or UL TCI state to indicate TPC parameters (excluding PL RS). The UE may additionally be configured with information indicating the PL value or PL offset value as an optional field for the TCI state (or UL TCI state) or Uplink-powerControlId-r17.

[0056] If no additional information indicating a PL value or a PL offset value is configured for a TCI state or UL TCI state (RRC parameter TCI-State or RRC parameter TCI-UL-State-r17), the UE may determine that the TCI state is associated with a macro TRP (DL transmission point).

[0057] If additional information indicating a PL value or a PL offset value is configured for a TCI state or a UL TCI state (parameter TCI-State or parameter TCI-UL-State-r17), the UE may determine that the TCI state is associated with a UL reception point.

[0058] The TCI state (RRC parameter TCI-State), the UL TCI state (RRC parameter TCI-UL-State-r17), and the RRC parameter indicating UL power control related to the TCI state (Uplink-powerControlId-r17) may be read as interchangeable.

[0059] <Option 1> Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a first example of power control parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) related to the TCI state. As shown in Fig. 7, the TCI state setting has a parameter (pathlossReferenceRS-Id-r17) indicating a path loss RS and an UL power control parameter (ul-powerControl-r17). As shown in Fig. 8B, Uplink-powerControlId-r17 corresponding to ul-powerControl-r17 indicates the P of PUSCH, PUCCH, and SRS. ０, parameters indicating α (p0AlphaSetforPUSCH-r17, p0AlphaSetforPUCCH-r17, p0AlphaSetforSRS-r17), and the like.

[0060] In the example shown in Fig. 9, the parameters for the macro TRP (TCI state #1) only include these conventional RRC parameters, but the parameters for the UL reception point (TCI state #3) also include a path loss value (PL value). Since no path loss RS is configured for TCI state #3 but a PL value is configured, the UE can determine the UL transmission power using the PL value as is, even if no path loss RS is configured.

[0061] The UE / base station may determine that the TCI state corresponds to a UL reception point based on at least one of the parameters relating to the TCI state not including a path loss RS and the parameters relating to the TCI state including a PL value. The UE / base station may determine that the TCI state corresponds to a macro TRP based on at least one of the parameters relating to the TCI state including a path loss RS and the parameters relating to the TCI state not including a PL value.

[0062] <Option 2> Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a second example of power control parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) related to TCI states. The example shown in Fig. 10 differs from the example in Fig. 9 in that a path loss RS is set for TCI state #3 and a PL offset is set instead of a PL value.

[0063] In the example of Figure 10, the UE may use the PL value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) the received PL offset value to the PL value estimated from the DL RS transmitted from the macro TRP to calculate the transmission power.

[0064] The UE / base station may determine that the TCI state corresponds to a UL reception point based on at least one of the parameters relating to the TCI state including a path loss RS and the parameters relating to the TCI state including a PL offset. The UE / base station may determine that the TCI state corresponds to a macro TRP based on at least one of the parameters relating to the TCI state not including a path loss RS and the parameters relating to the TCI state not including a PL offset.

[0065] Fig. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the setting of the TCI-State information element in Option 2. As shown in Fig. 11, identification information indicating the PL offset value (pathlossOffset-Id-r18) may be included in the TCI-State information element.

[0066] Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the setting of the TCI-UL-State information element in Option 2. As shown in Fig. 12, identification information indicating the PL offset value (pathlossOffset-Id-r18) may be included in the TCI-UL-State information element.

[0067] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting a PUSCH-PowerControl information element in Option 2. As illustrated in FIG. 13, in the PUSCH-PowerControl information element, lists (pathlossOffsetToAddModList, pathlossOffsetToReleaseList) including multiple parameters (pathlossOffset-Id-r18) indicating PL offset values ​​may be configured. maxNrofPathlossOffsets-r18 indicates the number (maximum number) of UL reception points, i.e., the number (maximum number) of PL offset values, and is set to, for example, 2 or 4. Furthermore, any value between −16 and 15 is set as the PL offset value (pathlossOffset) corresponding to pathlossOffset-Id-r18. Note that the values ​​of maxNrofPathlossOffsets-r18 and pathlossOffset are not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. 13 .

[0068] <Option 3> Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a third example of power control parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) related to the TCI state. The UE may receive information (such as a flag) indicating the UL reception point as a parameter corresponding to the TCI state of the UL reception point. In the example shown in Fig. 14, an explicit indication of the UL reception point (UL only TRP) (UL only TRP flag) is set as a parameter corresponding to the UL reception point (TCI state #3).

[0069] The UE may determine that a TCI state corresponds to a UL reception point if the parameters for the TCI state include an explicit indication of a UL reception point, and may determine that a TCI state corresponds to a macro TRP if the parameters for the TCI state do not include an explicit indication of a UL reception point.

[0070] The example of Fig. 14 may be combined with the examples of Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. For example, an explicit indication of a UL reception point (UL only TRP) may be added as a parameter for the UL reception point (TCI state #3) in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.

[0071] (Asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP) When the PL-RS is transmitted to the UE from the DL sTRP, the PL offset for the PL calculation may be set to the UL TRP(s).

[0072] The channels / RS for which PL offset is supported may be all UL channels / RS after RRC connection setup, such as SRS, PUSCH, PUCCH, and PRACH (PDCCH order for UL TRP, PRACH may be used when two TAs are applied).

[0073] In asymmetric DL single-TRP (sTRP) / UL multi-TRP (mTRP) deployment scenarios, associating a UL TCI state with a PL offset may be supported. When a UL TCI state associated with a PL offset applies to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS transmission, the UE calculates the PL and Tx power of the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS based on the DL PL RS and PL offset associated with this UL TCI state. Existing UL power control schemes can be reused by replacing the existing PL with a UL PL derived from the DL PL RS and PL offset.

[0074] For PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, a PL offset value may be configured for each UL TCI state. If the PL offset is configured for each UL TCI state, the UE may calculate the PL using the PL offset value.

[0075] For the PRACH, a set of PL offset values ​​may be configured in the PRACH configuration (PRACH-Config in RRC). The PDCCH may indicate one of the PL offset values ​​for the PDCCH-ordered PRACH.

[0076] Figure 15 shows an example of setting a PL offset in the case of DL sTRP / UL mTRP. In the example of Figure 15, since the PL-RS is transmitted from the DL TRP to the UE, the PL offset does not need to be set (absent). Since the PL-RS is not transmitted from the UL TRP to the UE, the PL offset is set for each UL TRP / TCI (X1, X2).

[0077] 16A is a diagram showing an example of setting a transmission power parameter corresponding to DL TRP (TCI state #0). As shown in FIG. 16A, the PL offset does not need to be set (absent) for DL ​​TRP (TCI state #0).

[0078] 16B is a diagram showing an example of setting a transmission power parameter corresponding to UL TRP (TCI state #1). As shown in FIG. 16B, a PL offset (X1) may be set for UL TRP (TCI state #1).

[0079] It is considered to use only RRC to update the PL offset associated with the UL TCI state, and to use MAC CE in addition to RRC to update the PL offset associated with the UL TCI state.

[0080] In an asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, the separate DL / UL TCI state mode of the unified TCI framework of Rel. 17 / 18 can be configured in both FR1 and FR2, and the joint TCI state mode can be configured at least in FR1.

[0081] (PUSCH transmission power control) In NR, the transmission power of the PUSCH is controlled based on the TPC command (also called a value, an increase / decrease value, a correction value, etc.) indicated by the value of a field in the DCI (also called a TPC command field, etc.).

[0082] For example, when a UE transmits a PUSCH on an active UL BWP b of a carrier f of a serving cell c using a parameter set (open loop parameter set) with index j and a power control adjustment state (PUSCH power control adjustment state) with index l, the transmission power (P ＰＵＳＣＨ、ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i, j, q ｄ , l)) [dBm] is expressed as follows: ＣＭＡＸ，ｆ，ｃ（ｉ） , P Ｏ＿ＰＵＳＣＨ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (j), M ＰＵＳＣＨ ＲＢ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i), α ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (j), P.L. ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ), Δ ＴＦ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i), f ｂ，ｆ，ｃ(i, l), may be based on at least one of

[0083]

[0084] The power control adjustment state may be referred to as a closed loop (CL)-power control (PC) state, a value based on TPC commands of a power control adjustment state index l, an accumulated value of TPC commands, or a value due to closed loop, where l may be referred to as a closed loop index.

[0085] Furthermore, the PUSCH transmission opportunity i is a period during which the PUSCH is transmitted, and may be composed of, for example, one or more symbols, one or more slots, etc.

[0086] P ＣＭＡＸ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is, for example, the maximum transmit power of the user terminal configured for carrier f of serving cell c at transmission opportunity i (configured maximum output power, UE configured maximum output power).

[0087] P Ｏ＿ＰＵＳＣＨ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (j) is, for example, a parameter related to the target received power (e.g., a parameter related to the transmit power offset, also referred to as a transmit power offset P0, a target received power parameter, etc.) set for the active UL BWP b of the carrier f of the serving cell c at the transmission opportunity i. Ｏ＿ＵＥ＿ＰＵＳＣＨ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (j) is P Ｏ＿ＮＯＭＩＮＡＬ＿ＰＵＳＣＨ，ｆ，ｃ (j) and P Ｏ＿ＵＥ＿ＰＵＳＣＨ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ It may be the sum of (j).

[0088] M ＰＵＳＣＨ ＲＢ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is the number of resource blocks (bandwidth) allocated to PUSCH for transmission opportunity i in active UL BWP b of carrier f with serving cell c and subcarrier spacing μ, for example. ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (j) is a value provided by a higher layer parameter (e.g., also called msg3-Alpha, p0-PUSCH-Alpha, fractional factor, etc.).

[0089] PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ) is, for example, an index q of a reference signal (RS, pathloss reference RS, pathloss (PL)-RS, pathloss reference RS, pathloss measurement DL-RS, PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS) for downlink BWP associated with an active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c. ｄ is the path loss (path loss estimation [dB], path loss compensation) calculated by the user terminal using

[0090] If the UE is not provided with a pathloss reference RS (e.g., PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS) or if the UE is not provided with individual upper layer parameters, the UE may use RS resources from a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SS block (SSB)) used to obtain a Master Information Block (MIB). ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ) may be calculated.

[0091] When the UE is configured with a number of RS resource indices up to the value of the maximum number of pathloss reference RSs (e.g., maxNrofPUSCH-PathlossReferenceRSs) and a set of RS configurations for the RS resource indices according to the pathloss reference RSs, the set of RS resource indices may include one or both of a set of SS / PBCH block indices and a set of channel state information (CSI)-reference signal (RS) resource indices. ｄ may be identified.

[0092] If a PUSCH transmission is scheduled by a Random Access Response (RAR) UL grant, the UE uses the same RS resource index q as for the corresponding PRACH transmission. ｄ may also be used.

[0093] When a UE is provided with a power control configuration for the PUSCH by a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRI) (e.g., SRI-PUSCH-PowerControl) and with one or more values ​​of ID of the pathloss reference RS, the UE may obtain a mapping between a set of values ​​for the SRI field in DCI format 0_1 ​​and a set of ID values ​​of the pathloss reference RS from higher layer signaling (e.g., sri-PUSCH-PowerControl-Id in SRI-PUSCH-PowerControl). The UE may obtain the RS resource index q from the ID of the pathloss reference RS mapped to the SRI field value in DCI format 0_1 ​​that schedules the PUSCH. ｄ may be determined.

[0094] If a PUSCH transmission is scheduled by DCI format 0_0 and the UE is not provided with PUCCH spatial relationship information for the PUCCH resource with the lowest index for the active UL BWP b of each carrier f and serving cell c, the UE shall transmit the PUCCH spatial relationship information for the PUCCH resource with the same RS resource index q as the PUCCH transmission in that PUCCH resource. ｄ may also be used.

[0095] If the PUSCH transmission is scheduled by DCI format 0_0 and the UE is not provided with a spatial setting for the PUCCH transmission, or if the PUSCH transmission is scheduled by DCI format 0_1 ​​that does not include an SRI field, or if the UE is not provided with a power control setting for the PUSCH by the SRI, the UE shall select an RS resource index q with an ID of a path loss reference RS of zero. ｄ may also be used.

[0096] For PUSCH transmission configured by a configured grant configuration (e.g., ConfiguredGrantConfig), if the configured grant configuration includes a specific parameter (e.g., rrc-ConfiguredUplinkGrant), the RS resource index q is determined by a path loss reference index (e.g., pathlossReferenceIndex) in the specific parameter. ｄ may be provided to the UE.

[0097] For the PUSCH transmission configured by the configuration grant configuration, if the configuration grant configuration does not include a specific parameter, the UE may determine the RS resource index q from the value of the ID of the path loss reference RS mapped to the SRI field in the DCI format that activates the PUSCH transmission. ｄ If the DCI format does not include an SRI field, the UE may determine an RS resource index q with an ID of a pathloss reference RS of zero. ｄ may be determined.

[0098] Δ ＴＦ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is the transmission power adjustment component (offset, transmission format compensation) for UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c.

[0099] f ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i, l) is the PUSCH power control adjustment state for the active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c at transmission opportunity i. ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i,l) may be based on δPUSCH,b,f,c(i,l).

[0100] If TPC accumulation is valid, f ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i,l) may be based on the accumulated value of δPUSCH,b,f,c(m,l).

[0101] If TPC accumulation is invalid, f ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i,l) may be δPUSCH,b,f,c(i,l) (absolute value).

[0102] If information indicating that TPC accumulation is disabled (TPC-Accumulation) is not set (if information indicating that TPC accumulation is disabled is not provided, and TPC accumulation is set to be enabled), the UE accumulates TPC command values ​​and determines the transmit power based on the accumulation result (power control state) (applies the TPC command values ​​via accumulation).

[0103] When information indicating that TPC accumulation is disabled (TPC-Accumulation) is set (when information indicating that TPC accumulation is disabled is provided, when TPC accumulation is set to disabled), the UE does not accumulate TPC command values ​​and determines the transmission power based on the TPC command values ​​(power control state) (applies the TPC command values ​​without using accumulation).

[0104] δPUSCH,b,f,c(i,l) may be the TPC command value included in DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1 ​​that schedules PUSCH transmission opportunity i on active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c, or the TPC command value jointly coded with other TPC commands in DCI format 2_2 with CRC scrambled by a specific Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) (e.g., TPC-PUSCH-RNTI).

[0105] Σ m=0 C(Di)-1 δPUCCH,b,f,c(m,l) is the cardinality C(D i ) a set of TPC command values ​​D i It may be the sum of the TPC command values ​​in i is the number of PUSCH transmission opportunities i-i0 on the active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c for the PUSCH power control adjustment state l. PUSCH (i-i0)-1 symbols ago and K of PUSCH transmission opportunity i PUSCH (i) may be the set of TPC command values ​​received between symbols (i) and (ii) for PUSCH transmission opportunity i-i. PUSCH(i-i0) symbols ago is K of PUSCH transmission opportunity i PUSCH (i) It may be the smallest positive integer that is earlier than the symbol before.

[0106] If PUSCH transmission is scheduled by DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1, K PUSCH (i) may be the number of symbols in the active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c after the last symbol of the corresponding PDCCH reception and before the first symbol of the PUSCH transmission. If PUSCH transmission is configured by configured grant configuration information (ConfiguredGrantConfig), then K PUSCH (i) is the number of symbols per slot N in the active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c symb slot and the minimum value of the value provided by k2 in the PUSCH common configuration information (PUSCH-ConfigCommon). PUSCH,min It may also be the number of symbols.

[0107] The power control adjustment state may be configured to have multiple states (e.g., two states) or a single state depending on a higher layer parameter. When multiple power control adjustment states are configured, one of the multiple power control adjustment states may be identified by an index l (e.g., l∈{0, 1}).

[0108] The transmission power of the PUCCH, the transmission power of the SRS, and the transmission power of the PUSCH are set to the maximum output power P ＣＭＡＸ，ｆ，ｃ（ｉ） is limited by

[0109] (SRS Transmission Power Control) Using the index l of the power control adjustment state (closed-loop state), the SRS transmission power (P ＳＲＳ、ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i, q ｓ , l)) is P ＣＭＡＸ，ｆ，ｃ(i), P Ｏ＿ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｓ ), M ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i), α ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｓ ), P.L. ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ), h ｂ，ｆ，ｃ Based on (i, l), it is given by the following equation E2:

[0110]

[0111] Furthermore, the SRS transmission opportunity i is a period during which the SRS is transmitted, and may be composed of, for example, one or more symbols, one or more slots, or the like.

[0112] Here, P ＣＭＡＸ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is, for example, the UE maximum output power for carrier f of serving cell c at SRS transmission opportunity i. P Ｏ＿ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｓ ) is the active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c and the SRS resource set q ｓ (provided by SRS-ResourceSet and SRS-ResourceSetId), and a parameter related to the target received power provided by p0 for (for example, a parameter related to the transmit power offset, also referred to as the transmit power offset P0 or the target received power parameter, etc.).

[0113] M ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is the SRS bandwidth in number of resource blocks for SRS transmission opportunity i on active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c and subcarrier spacing μ;

[0114] α ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｓ ) is the active UL BWP b of a serving cell c and carrier f with subcarrier spacing μ and an SRS resource set q ｓ and α (e.g., alpha) for

[0115] PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ) is the active DL BWP of serving cell c and the SRS resource set q ｓand, for RS resource index q ｄ is the DL path loss estimate [dB] (path loss estimate [dB], path loss compensation) calculated by the UE using the RS resource index q ｄ is the SRS resource set q ｓ and a pathloss reference RS (pathloss reference RS, pathloss (PL)-RS, DL-RS for pathloss measurement, e.g., provided by pathlossReferenceRS) associated with the SS / PBCH block index (e.g., ssb-Index) or a CSI-RS resource index (e.g., csi-RS-Index).

[0116] If the UE is not provided with pathloss reference RSs (pathlossReferenceRSs) or before the UE is provided with individual upper layer parameters, the UE may use RS resources obtained from the SS / PBCH block used by the UE to acquire the MIB. ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ) is calculated.

[0117] h ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i, l) is the SRS power control adjustment state for the active UL BWP of carrier f of serving cell c at SRS transmission opportunity i. If the SRS power control adjustment state configuration (e.g., srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStates) indicates the same power control adjustment state for SRS transmission and PUSCH transmission, the current PUSCH power control adjustment state f ｂ，ｆ，ｃ On the other hand, when the setting of the SRS power control adjustment state indicates independent power control adjustment states for SRS transmission and PUSCH transmission, the SRS power control adjustment state h ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is δ ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ It may be based on (m).

[0118] If TPC accumulation is valid, h ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is δ ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ It may be based on the cumulative value of (m).

[0119] If TPC accumulation is invalid, h ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (i) is δ ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ(i) (absolute value) may also be used.

[0120] where δ ＳＲＳ，ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (m) may be a TPC command value that is jointly coded with other TPC commands in a PDCCH having DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_3). m=0 C(Si)-1 δ SRS,b,f,c (m) is the SRS transmission opportunity i-i on the active UL BWP b of carrier f with serving cell c and subcarrier spacing μ. ０ K ＳＲＳ (i-i ０ )-1 symbol before and K ＳＲＳ (i) The cardinality C(S ｉ ) a set S of TPC command values ｉ may be the sum of the TPC commands in ０ is the SRS transmission opportunity i-i ０ K ＳＲＳ (i-i ０ )-1 symbols before is K ＳＲＳ (i) It may be the smallest positive integer that is earlier than the symbol before.

[0121] If the SRS transmission is aperiodic, K SRS (i) may be the number of symbols in the active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c after the last symbol of the corresponding PDCCH that triggers the SRS transmission and before the first symbol of the SRS transmission. If the SRS transmission is semi-persistent or periodic, K SRS (i) is the number of symbols per slot N in the active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c symb slot and the minimum value of the value provided by k2 in the PUSCH common configuration information (PUSCH-ConfigCommon). SRS,min It may also be the number of symbols.

[0122] (PHR) Power headroom reporting (PHR) can be any of types 1 to 3, Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) or Power Management Maximum Power Reduction (P-MPR) reporting. Type 1 provides the serving gNB with the difference between the nominal maximum output power and the power estimated for UL-SCH transmission for each activated serving cell. Type 2 provides the serving gNB with the difference between the nominal maximum output power and the power estimated for UL-SCH and PUCCH transmissions on the SpCell of another MAC entity. Type 3 provides the serving gNB with the difference between the nominal maximum output power and the power estimated for SRS transmission for each activated serving cell. MPE P-MPR provides power backoff to the serving gNB to meet MPE FR2 requirements for serving cells operating on FR2.

[0123] PHR is triggered based on at least one of the following: expiration of the PHR prohibition timer (phr-ProhibitTimer), a change in path loss (threshold phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange), expiration of the PHR periodic timer (phr-PeriodicTimer), activation of an SCell, activation of an SCG, addition of a PSCell, the MAC entity having UL resources for transmission, a change in the required power backoff (threshold phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange), switching of the BWP of the SCell, configuration of MPE FR2 reporting (mpe-Reporting-FR2), or the measured P-MPR (threshold phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange).

[0124] <Rel. 18 Type 1 / Type 3 PHR Calculation> If the UE determines that the Type 1 PHR is based on the actual PUSCH transmission, the UE shall calculate the Type 1 PHR as follows: Equation A1.

[0125]

[0126] If the UE is provided with UL / joint TCI conditions, the PL is derived from the PL-RS associated with the indicated UL / joint TCI conditions.

[0127] If a PL offset is associated with a UL TCI state / joint TCI state, it needs to be clarified whether and how the PL offset affects the PHR calculation.

[0128] If the UE determines that the Type 3 PHR is based on the actual SRS transmission, the UE calculates the Type 3 PHR as follows:

[0129]

[0130] If the UE is provided with UL / joint TCI state (if ul-powerControl is provided in the specification), the PL is derived from the PL-RS associated with the indicated UL / joint TCI state.

[0131] <Type 1 / Type 3 PHR Calculation Taking PL Offset into Account> When a PL offset is associated with a UL TCI state / joint TCI state, it needs to be clarified whether and how the PL offset affects the PHR calculation.

[0132] To calculate the Type 1 PHR based on the actual PUSCH transmission, the PL offset value G ｂ，ｆ，ｃ If the joint / UL TCI condition associated with (i) applies to this PUSCH transmission, the UE may determine the Type 1 PHR as follows, as per Equation B1:

[0133]

[0134] To calculate the Type 3 PHR based on the actual SRS transmission, the PL offset value G ｂ，ｆ，ｃ If the joint / UL TCI condition associated with (i) applies to this SRS transmission, the UE may determine the Type-3 PHR as follows, as per Equation B2:

[0135]

[0136] <PHR Trigger in Rel. 18> In Rel. 18, PHR is triggered when the path loss changes by more than a threshold. Specifically, the path loss measured at the current time is compared with the path loss measured at the time of the previous PHR transmission, and PHR transmission is triggered if the change is more than a threshold. In this case, PHR transmission is triggered regardless of whether the path loss reference has changed between the current time and the time of the previous PHR transmission.

[0137] (Analysis) As mentioned above, in future wireless communication systems, in order to expand UL coverage, UL high-density deployment is being considered, in which UL reception points that mainly perform UL reception are provided in addition to DL transmission points. Also, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) using macro base stations (BSs) and micro BSs (e.g., asymmetric HetNets, asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP) are being considered. In other words, the TRP / BS of the DL transmission source and the TRP / BS of the UL transmission destination may be different.

[0138] However, in such deployments / networks, a method for triggering a power headroom report (PHR) from a UE has not been fully considered, and if the PHR is not transmitted / reported properly, communication quality / throughput may be degraded.

[0139] For example, when an RS (path loss RS) for path loss (PL) calculation is transmitted from a DL transmission point / macro BS, the conditions for transmitting a PHR to an UL reception point / micro BS are not sufficiently considered. If the PHR is not reported appropriately, communication quality / throughput may be degraded.

[0140] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a method that can appropriately report PHR.

[0141] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0142] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0143] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0144] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0145] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0146] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0147] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0148] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0149] In the present disclosure, the terms single TRP, channel / signal using single TRP, channel using one TCI state / spatial relationship, multi-TRP not enabled by RRC / DCI, multiple TCI states / spatial relationships not enabled by RRC / DCI, a CORESETPoolIndex value of 1 not set for any CORESET, and no code point in the TCI field mapped to two TCI states may be read interchangeably.

[0150] In the present disclosure, multi-TRP, channel / signal using multi-TRP, channel using multiple TCI states / spatial relationships, multi-TRP enabled by RRC / DCI, multiple TCI states / spatial relationships enabled by RRC / DCI, and at least one of multi-TRP based on a single DCI and multi-TRP based on multiple DCI may be read interchangeably.

[0151] The present disclosure may assume at least one of single TRP, multi-TRP with multi-DCI, multi-TRP with single DCI, scenario 1 or scenario 2 above.

[0152] In the present disclosure, TCI, TCI state, TCI state ID, TCI state list / set / pool / group, and TCI state list / set / pool / group ID may be interchangeable. TCI and UL / joint TCI may be interchangeable.

[0153] The UL reception point may be connected to a TRP (e.g., a base station) or a core network via wired or wireless. The UL reception point may be treated as a network (NW) or a base station. The UL reception point may be capable of transmitting downlink (DL) signals (e.g., PL values) and may be applied to base stations forming a macrocell. For example, the UL reception point may not transmit downlink data but may transmit control signals / channels.

[0154] In the present disclosure, the terms base station, TRP, UL receiving point, UL TRP, UL only TRP, micro cell, micro BS, micro TRP, and TRP that does not transmit PL RS may be interchangeable. The UL receiving point mainly performs UL reception. The UL receiving point may perform only UL reception, or may perform UL reception and DL transmission.

[0155] In the present disclosure, the terms base station, TRP, DL transmission point, DL TRP, DL only TRP, UL / DL TRP, macro cell, macro BS, macro TRP, central TRP, and TRP transmitting PL RS may be interchangeable. A DL transmission point mainly performs DL transmission. A DL transmission point may perform only DL transmission, or may perform UL reception and DL transmission.

[0156] In the present disclosure, UL high density deployment, distributed TRP mode, separated location mode of transmitting / receiving points, distributed transmitting / receiving mode, separated TRP mode, TRP type 1, TRP type 2, TRP type A, and TRP type B may be read interchangeably.

[0157] In the present disclosure, the terms absolute PL, path loss (PL), PL value, PL parameter, PL RS, and PL RSID may be interchangeable. Ｏ The offset of α, the offset of power / power density [x dBm], and the PL parameters may be read interchangeably.

[0158] In the present disclosure, using / applying a PL offset may mean using a PL value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) a PL offset to a PL value estimated / calculated based on a DL RS transmitted from a DL transmission point / DL TRP or a received PL value in calculating the transmission power of a UL signal (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS) to be transmitted to a UL reception point / UL TRP. The PL offset and the PL offset value may be interchangeable.

[0159] The gNB (base station) in the present disclosure may be a DL transmission point or a UL reception point, or may be a base station above the DL transmission point or UL reception point (capable of communicating with the DL transmission point / UL reception point).

[0160] In the present disclosure, PL offset, PLoffsetb,f,c , PLoffset b,f,c (q d ), may be read interchangeably.

[0161] In the present disclosure, the terms "measurement" and "calculation" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "path loss reference" (PL reference), "path loss reference RS" and "path loss RS" (PL RS) may be interchangeable.

[0162] (Wireless Communication Method) <First Embodiment> Fig. 17 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing flow of the first embodiment. A UE may receive a configuration of a PL RS and a PL offset from a DL transmission point (for example, by RRC signaling) and calculate a PL based on the PL RS. The UE calculates a change amount of at least one of a path loss (PL), a PL offset, and a value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL (PL - PL offset) over a specific period of time, and determines whether the change amount is greater than a threshold (S101). If the change amount is greater than the threshold (YES in S101), the UE may transmit a power headroom report (PHR) (the PHR may be triggered) (S102). The specific period may be the period between the current time and the last (most recent) PHR transmission time.

[0163] The PHR is transmitted to, for example, a UL receiving point / micro BS. The PHR may also be transmitted to, for example, a DL transmitting point / macro BS.

[0164] The condition for the UE to transmit a PHR may be at least one of the following options 0 to 4. Note that in the present disclosure, {X} denotes the absolute value of X.

[0165] <<Option 0>> The change in PL is greater than a threshold. PL may be measured using PL RS. The threshold may be configured in the UE as an RRC parameter, for example. For example, {PLt2-PLt1}>Threshold A. t2 means the current time, and t1 means the time of the last PHR transmission.

[0166] <<Option 1>> The change in PL-PL offset is greater than a threshold. PL may be measured using PL RS. PL offset may be associated with UL / joint TCI status. The threshold may be configured in the UE, for example, as an RRC parameter. For example, PHR may be triggered if {(PL t2 - PL offset t2) - (PL t1 - PL offset t1)} > threshold B. t2 means the current time, and t1 means the time of the last PHR transmission.

[0167] <<Option 2>> The change in PL offset is greater than a threshold. The PL offset may be associated with the UL / joint TCI state. The threshold may be configured in the UE, for example, as an RRC parameter. For example, PHR may be triggered if {PL offset t2 - PL offset t1} > threshold C. t2 denotes the current time, and t1 denotes the time of the last PHR transmission.

[0168] <<Option 3>> The change in PL is greater than threshold A and the change in PL offset is greater than threshold C. PL may be measured using PL RS. The PL offset may be associated with the UL / joint TCI state. Each threshold may be configured in the UE as an RRC parameter, for example. For example, PHR may be triggered when {PL t2 - PL t1} > threshold A and {PL offset t2 - PL offset t1} > threshold C. t2 means the current time, and t1 means the time of the last PHR transmission. Threshold A and threshold C may be the same or different.

[0169] <<Option 4>> The change in PL is greater than threshold A, or the change in PL offset is greater than threshold C. PL may be measured using PL RS. The PL offset may be associated with the UL / joint TCI state. Each threshold may be configured in the UE as an RRC parameter, for example. For example, PHR may be triggered when {PL t2 - PL t1} > threshold A, or {PL offset t2 - PL offset t1} > threshold C. t2 denotes the current time, and t1 denotes the time of the last PHR transmission. Threshold A and threshold C may be the same or different.

[0170] <<Application Example 1>> At least one of options 0 to 4 may be applied when the PL offset is configured / associated with the UL / joint TCI state in the serving cell.

[0171] "PL offset is configured / associated with UL / joint TCI state" may be replaced with at least one of "specific RRC parameters are provided / sent", "specific MAC CE / DCI indications are provided / sent", and "UE supports / reports specific UE capabilities".

[0172] <<Application Example 2>> When the PL offset is configured / associated with the UL / joint TCI state in the serving cell, different options may be applied in the following different cases.

[0173] For the current transmission (next transmission), one of the following cases is possible: Case 1a: The UL / joint TCI state used for the current transmission is related to the PL offset. Case 1b: The UL / joint TCI state used for the current transmission is not related to the PL offset.

[0174] For the last PHR transmission, one of the following cases is possible: Case 2a: The UL / joint TCI state used for the last PHR transmission is related to the PL offset. Case 2b: The UL / joint TCI state used for the last PHR transmission is not related to the PL offset.

[0175] For cases 1a and 2a, options 1 to 4 may be applied, and for options 1b and 2b, option 0 may be applied. For cases 1a and 2b, option 0 may be applied, or options 1 to 4 may be applied by considering the PL offset of the last transmission of the PHR as 0. For cases 1b and 2a, option 0 may be applied, or options 1 to 4 may be applied by considering the PL offset of the current transmission as 0.

[0176] <<Others>> Threshold A, Threshold B, and Threshold C for each option may be the same or different. Threshold A, Threshold B, and Threshold C may be the threshold phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange of Rel. 18.

[0177] Options 0 and 1 may be combined. For example, if the change in PL is greater than threshold A and / or the change in PL-PL offset is greater than threshold B, PHR may be triggered.

[0178] Options 1 and 2 may be combined. For example, if the change in PL-PL offset is greater than threshold B and / or if the change in PL offset is greater than threshold C, PHR may be triggered.

[0179] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately determine whether to transmit a PHR by taking into account the PL / PL offset.

[0180] <Second embodiment> The processing of the first embodiment may be performed regardless of whether the PL reference has changed during a specific period (the period between the current time and the last PHR transmission time) (e.g., the UE may transmit a PHR if at least one of options 0 to 4 is satisfied).

[0181] If option 0 of the first embodiment is applied, the PL change is the change between the PL measured at the current time using the current PL reference and the PL measured at the time of the last PHR transmission using the PL reference in use at that time (the PL change (the PL change for one cell) is regardless of whether the PL reference has been changed in the meantime).

[0182] When option 1 of the first embodiment is applied, the PL-PL offset change (the PL-PL offset change for one cell) is the change between the PL-PL offset measured / calculated at the current time using the current PL reference and current PL offset (UL / joint TCI state) and the PL-PL offset measured at the time of the last transmission of the PHR using the PL reference / PL offset (UL / joint TCI state) in use at that time (e.g., regardless of whether the PL reference / PL offset (UL / joint TCI state) has changed in the meantime).

[0183] When option 2 of the first embodiment is applied, the PL offset change amount (PL offset change amount for one cell) is the change amount between the current PL offset (PL offset associated / configured with the current UL / joint TCI state) and the PL offset (PL offset associated / configured with the UL / joint TCI state that was in use at that time) at the time of the last transmission of the PHR (e.g., regardless of whether the PL offset (UL / joint TCI state) has changed in the meantime).

[0184] If option 3 or 4 of the first embodiment is applied, the PL change (PL change for one cell) is the change between the PL measured at the current time using the current PL reference and the PL measured at the time of the last PHR transmission using the PL reference in use at that time (regardless of whether the PL reference has changed in the meantime).

[0185] When option 3 or 4 of the first embodiment is applied, the PL offset change amount (PL offset change amount for one cell) is the change amount between the current PL offset (PL offset associated / configured with the current UL / joint TCI state) and the PL offset (PL offset associated / configured with the UL / joint TCI state that was in use at that time) at the time of the last transmission of the PHR (e.g., regardless of whether the PL offset (UL / joint TCI state) has changed in the meantime).

[0186] According to this embodiment, the PHR can be transmitted appropriately regardless of whether the PL reference has changed during a specific period (the period between the current time and the last PHR transmission time).

[0187] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0188] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0189] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0190] In addition, notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB).

[0191] In the above embodiment, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: QCL type A. QCL type B. QCL type C. QCL type D.

[0192] In the above-described embodiment, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs: SSB; CSI-RS with / without repetition; TRS; DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0193] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / indicated by the following methods: Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific; Cell-specific or common to multiple cells; Per UE / per CC / per BWP / per band / per cell / per cell group (CG).

[0194] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0195] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0196] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0197] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0198] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0199] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following ("supporting" may be read as "whether to support"): - Supporting the specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; - Supporting Scenario 1 (UL dense deployment); - Supporting Scenario 2 (HetNet); - Supporting MAC CE-based PL offset update; - Supporting UL transmission (SRS / PUSCH / PUCCH / PRACH) to UL reception points; - Number of supported UL reception points (UL TRP) / DL transmission points (DL TRP).

[0200] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0201] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0202] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0203] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal including: a control unit that calculates a change in at least one of a path loss (PL), a PL offset, and a value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL, during a period between a current time and a last power headroom report (PHR) transmission time; and a transmission unit that transmits the PHR if the change is greater than a threshold. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the transmission unit transmits the PHR if the change is greater than the threshold, regardless of whether a PL reference has been changed during the period. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the PL offset is associated with an UL or joint transmission configuration indication (TCI) state.

[0204] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0205] 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0206] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0207] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0208] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0209] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0210] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0211] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0212] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0213] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0214] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0215] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0216] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0217] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0218] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0219] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0220] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0221] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0222] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0223] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0224] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0225] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0226] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0227] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0228] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0229] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0230] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0231] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0232] 19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0233] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0234] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0235] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0236] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0238] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0239] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0240] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0241] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0242] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0243] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0244] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0245] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0246] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0247] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0248] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0249] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0250] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0251] The transceiver 120 may receive a power headroom report (PHR) if the change in at least one of the path loss (PL), PL offset, and the value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL during the period between the current time and the time the last PHR was transmitted is greater than a threshold value.

[0252] The controller 110 may control reception of an UL signal corresponding to the PHR.

[0253] (User Terminal) Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0254] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0255] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0256] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0257] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0258] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0259] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0260] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0261] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0262] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0263] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0264] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0265] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0266] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0267] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0268] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0269] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0270] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0271] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least one of the processes of the transmitting unit in the above appendix.

[0272] The control unit 210 may perform at least one of the processes of the control unit in the above appendix.

[0273] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0274] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0275] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0276] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0277] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0278] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0279] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0280] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0281] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0282] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0283] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0284] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0285] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0286] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0287] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0288] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0289] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0290] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0291] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0292] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0293] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0294] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0295] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0296] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0297] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0298] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0299] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0300] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0301] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0302] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0303] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0304] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0305] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0306] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0307] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0308] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0309] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0310] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0311] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0312] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0313] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0314] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0315] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0316] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0317] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0318] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0319] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0320] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0321] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0322] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0323] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0324] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0325] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0326] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0327] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0328] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0329] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0330] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0331] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0332] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0333] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0334] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0335] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0336] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0337] 22 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0338] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0339] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0340] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0341] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0342] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0343] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0344] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0345] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0346] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0347] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0348] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0349] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0350] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0351] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0352] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0353] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0354] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0355] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0356] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0357] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0358] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0359] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0360] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0361] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0362] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0363] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0364] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0365] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0366] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0367] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0368] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0369] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0370] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0371] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

[0372] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-082851, filed May 21, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a control unit that calculates a change in at least one of a path loss (PL), a PL offset, and a value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL during a period between a current time and a time when the last power headroom report (PHR) was transmitted; and a transmission unit that transmits a PHR if the change is greater than a threshold value.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter transmits the PHR if the amount of change is greater than the threshold value, regardless of whether the PL reference has changed during the period.

3. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the PL offset is associated with an UL or joint transmission configuration indication (TCI) state.

4. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of calculating a change in at least one of a path loss (PL), a PL offset, and a value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL during a period between a current time and a time when the last power headroom report (PHR) was transmitted; and a step of transmitting a PHR if the change is greater than a threshold value.

5. A base station having: a receiving unit that receives a power headroom report (PHR) when the change in at least one of a path loss (PL), a PL offset, and a value obtained by subtracting the PL offset from the PL during the period between the current time and the time the last PHR was transmitted is greater than a threshold; and a control unit that controls the reception of an UL signal corresponding to the PHR.

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