Man-made object and film set

Abstract

The present invention provides a man-made object and a film set capable of suppressing the visibility of an object therein from the outside, and improving information security. A man-made object according to an embodiment of the present invention has an internal space in which an object can be positioned. The man-made object is provided with a light-transmitting section through which light can be transmitted. The light-transmitting section is provided with a light-dimming film and a surface-emitting film. The surface-emitting film is capable of emitting light in a direction opposite the internal space.

Description

Artifacts and film sets

[0001] The present invention relates to an artifact and a film set, and more particularly to an artifact having an interior space such as a room and a film set applicable thereto.

[0002] In artificial structures (e.g., buildings such as rooms, and vehicles such as automobiles) having an interior space in which objects can be placed, a sense of spatial openness is sometimes desired. For example, the use of open conference rooms that provide a sense of spatial openness is becoming widespread. More specifically, many conference rooms are being designed and constructed that create a sense of openness by constructing walls or partitions out of transparent glass or acrylic panels. In conference rooms, a large monitor is often installed as a display device for presentations, and in addition, laptop personal computers (PCs) or tablet devices are often brought in for use by conference participants. While such conference rooms provide a sense of openness, there may be a problem of third parties peeking at information displayed on the large monitor installed in the conference room.

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned problems, an anti-peeping system has been proposed in which a polarizing film is attached to the transparent walls or partitions of a conference room, blocking the information displayed on a large monitor from being seen from outside the conference room while maintaining a sense of openness (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In such an anti-peeping system, the polarizing film is typically attached so that its absorption axis is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate on the viewer side of the large monitor installed in the conference room. However, there is a risk that the display screen of a laptop PC or the like brought into the conference room and / or the faces of the conference participants may be peeked at by a third party from outside the conference room, which may result in insufficient information security.

[0004] Kurogane Kosakusho Co., Ltd., General Catalog [2020 Edition, Vol. 45, Page 110]

[0005] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its main purpose is to provide an artificial object (typically a room or mobility) and a film set that can prevent objects inside a room from being visible from outside, thereby improving information security.

[0006] [1] An artificial object according to an embodiment of the present invention has an internal space in which an object can be placed. The artificial object includes a light-transmitting section through which light can pass. The light-transmitting section is provided with a light-reducing film and a surface-emitting film. The surface-emitting film can emit light toward the opposite side of the internal space. [2] The artificial object described in [1] above may be a room or a mobility object. [3] The artificial object described in [1] above may be a room. The room includes a ceiling, a floor, and walls. The floor is located below and spaced apart from the ceiling. The walls are located between the ceiling and the floor. [4] In the artificial object described in any one of [1] to [3] above, the light-reducing film may be a first polarizing film including a first polarizer. [5] A second polarizing film including a second polarizer may be disposed in the internal space of the artificial object described in [4] above. The absorption axis direction of the first polarizer and the absorption axis direction of the second polarizer may be substantially perpendicular. [6] In the artificial object described in [5] above, the wall may include a first wall surface and a second wall surface. The first wall surface is provided with the light-transmitting portion. The second wall surface is provided with an image display portion including the second polarizing film. [7] The artificial object described in [5] or [6] above may further include a partition. The partition separates the internal space. The partition includes the second polarizing film. [8] In the artificial object described in any of [1] to [7] above, the light-reducing film and the surface-emitting film may be provided inside the light-transmitting portion. In this case, the surface-emitting film may be located between the light-transmitting portion and the light-reducing film. [9] The artificial object described in [8] above may further include a light-guiding plate. The light-guiding plate supports the surface-emitting film. The light-guiding plate is disposed between the light-reducing film and the surface-emitting film.

[10] The artificial object according to [9] above may further include a low refractive index layer. The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is smaller than the refractive index of the light guide plate. The low refractive index layer may be provided between the light reducing film and the light guide plate.

[11] In the artificial object described in any one of [1] to

[10] above, the brightness of the light emitted from the surface emitting film and transmitted through the light transmitting portion is 100 cd / m. ２ ~1000 cd / m ２

[12] In the artificial object according to any one of [1] to

[11] above, the brightness of light emitted from the surface-emitting film and transmitted through the light-transmitting portion may be 7 to 70 times the brightness of light reflected by the object and transmitted through the light-transmitting portion.

[13] A film set according to another aspect of the present invention includes a light-reducing film and a surface-emitting film. The light-reducing film and the surface-emitting film are applicable to an artificial object having an internal space in which an object can be placed. The artificial object includes a light-transmitting portion through which light can pass. The light-reducing film can be placed in the light-transmitting portion. The surface-emitting film can be placed in the light-transmitting portion so as to emit light toward the opposite side of the internal space.

[14] In the film set according to

[13] above, the light-reducing film may be a first polarizing film including a first polarizer.

[15] The film set according to

[13] or

[14] above may further include a second polarizing film including a second polarizer. The second polarizing film can be arranged in the internal space so that the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer and the absorption axis direction of the second polarizer intersect.

[16] In the film set described in any one of

[13] to

[15] above, the light-reducing film and the surface-emitting film may be arranged inside the light-transmitting section. In this case, the surface-emitting film may be arranged between the light-transmitting section and the light-reducing film.

[17] A room according to an embodiment of the present invention has an internal space in which an object can be placed. The room has a ceiling, a floor, and walls. The floor is located below and spaced apart from the ceiling. The walls are located between the ceiling and the floor. The walls have light-transmitting sections through which light can pass. A first polarizing film and a surface-emitting film are provided in the light-transmitting section. The first polarizing film includes a first polarizer. The surface-emitting film is capable of emitting light toward the opposite side of the internal space.

[18] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a film set including a first polarizing film and a surface-emitting film. The first polarizing film and the surface-emitting film are applicable to a room having an interior space in which an object can be placed. The room includes a ceiling, a floor, and walls. The floor is located below and spaced apart from the ceiling.The wall is located between the ceiling and the floor. The wall has a light-transmitting portion through which light can pass. The first polarizing film includes a first polarizer and can be disposed in the light-transmitting portion. The surface-emitting film can be disposed in the light-transmitting portion so as to emit light toward the opposite side of the interior space.

[0007] According to an artificial object (typically, a room or mobility) according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to prevent objects inside the room from being visible from outside, thereby improving information security.

[0008] Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a room according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the room of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a composite panel provided in the room of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a surface emitting film provided in the composite panel of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first polarizing film provided in the composite panel of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of a room according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Representative embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In addition, in order to clarify the explanation, the width, thickness, shape, etc. of each part may be shown schematically in the drawings compared to the embodiments, but these are merely examples and do not limit the interpretation of the present invention.

[0010] (Definition of Terms and Symbols) The definitions of terms and symbols used in this specification are as follows. (1) Refractive Index (nx, ny, nz) "nx" is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (i.e., the slow axis direction), "ny" is the refractive index in the in-plane direction perpendicular to the slow axis (i.e., the fast axis direction), and "nz" is the refractive index in the thickness direction. (2) In-Plane Retardation (Re) "Re(λ)" is the in-plane retardation measured with light having a wavelength of λ nm at 23°C. For example, "Re(550)" is the in-plane retardation measured with light having a wavelength of 550 nm at 23°C. Re(λ) is calculated by the formula: Re(λ) = (nx - ny) × d, where d (nm) is the thickness of the layer (film). (3) Substantially Parallel or Orthogonal The expressions "substantially orthogonal" and "approximately orthogonal" include the case where the angle between two directions is 90°±10°, preferably 90°±7°, and more preferably 90°±5°. The expressions "substantially parallel" and "approximately parallel" include the case where the angle between two directions is 0°±10°, preferably 0°±7°, and more preferably 0°±5°. Furthermore, when simply referring to "orthogonal" or "parallel" in this specification, this is understood to include the state of being substantially orthogonal or substantially parallel.

[0011] A. Overview of the Artifact As shown in FIG. 1 , in one embodiment, the artifical object 102 has an interior space S in which an object X can be placed. Examples of the artifical object 102 having the interior space S include buildings such as rooms; and mobility such as automobiles, airplanes, railroad cars, and ships. Examples of the object X include people, paper media, image display devices, furniture, and animals (e.g., pets). The object X is placed alone or in combination in the interior space S of the artifical object 102. The artifical object 102 having the interior space S includes a light-transmitting section 4 through which light can pass. In the artifical object 102, a light-reducing film 50 and a surface-emitting film 52 are provided in the light-transmitting section 4. The light-reducing film 50 and the surface-emitting film 52 may be provided on the inside (indoor side) of the light-transmitting section 4 or on the outside (outdoor side) of the light-transmitting section 4. The surface-emitting film 52 can emit light toward the opposite side of the interior space S. With this configuration, at least a portion of the light from the external space passes through the light-reducing film and enters the internal space of the artificial structure. Therefore, the external space of the artificial structure can be seen from the internal space of the artificial structure through the light-transmitting portion, creating a sense of spatial openness. The light-reducing film also absorbs a portion of the light traveling from the internal space of the artificial structure to the external space through the light-transmitting portion. Furthermore, because the surface-emitting film can emit light toward the opposite side of the internal space, the light-transmitting portion appears backlit when viewed from the external space of the artificial structure. The synergistic effect of the surface-emitting film and the light-reducing film can prevent objects placed in the internal space of the artificial structure from being viewed (peeped at) through the light-transmitting portion from the external space of the artificial structure. As a result, a sense of spatial openness can be achieved in an artificial structure having an internal space while improving information security.

[0012] Examples of the light-reducing film 50 include a smoke film and a polarizing film.

[0013] The smoke film is a resin film having any appropriate light transmittance. The smoke film has a transmittance (total light transmittance) of light with wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm (hereinafter referred to as visible light) of, for example, 50% or less, preferably 45% or less. Meanwhile, the smoke film has a visible light transmittance of, for example, 5% or more, preferably 20% or more. The light transmittance is measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K 7375:2008. When the smoke film has a visible light transmittance within this range, it is possible to sufficiently realize a sense of spatial openness in an artificial structure having an interior space while stably improving information security. The polarizing film contains any appropriate polarizer. Polarizing films will be described in more detail below.

[0014] A-1. Overall Configuration of the Room FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a room according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the room of FIG. 1. In one embodiment, an artificial structure 102 having an internal space S is a room 100. The room 100 has the internal space S in which the above-mentioned object X can be placed. The room 100 has a ceiling 3, a floor 2, and a wall 1. The floor 2 is located below and spaced apart from the ceiling 3. The wall 1 is located between the ceiling 3 and the floor 2. The wall 1 has a light-transmitting portion 4 through which light can pass. In the room 100, the light-transmitting portion 4 is provided with a light-reducing film 50 and a surface-emitting film 52. In one embodiment, the light-reducing film 50 is a first polarizing film 51. The first polarizing film 51 includes a polarizer 511 (see FIG. 5). According to this configuration, the first polarizing film having a polarizer is provided in the light-transmitting section. When light from the external space of the room passes through the first polarizing film, it becomes polarized light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the absorption axis of the first polarizer and enters the internal space of the room. Therefore, the external space of the room can be viewed from the internal space of the room through the light-transmitting section, thereby stably realizing a sense of spatial openness. Furthermore, when light travels from the internal space of the room through the light-transmitting section to the external space, it also becomes polarized light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the absorption axis of the first polarizer when it passes through the first polarizing film. In other words, the first polarizer absorbs polarized light that vibrates in the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer among the light that passes through the light-transmitting section. Therefore, it is possible to more stably prevent objects placed in the internal space of the room from being viewed (peeped) through the light-transmitting section from the external space of the room.

[0015] In the illustrated example, the interior space S of the room 100 is defined by a ceiling 3, a floor 2, and a wall 1. The ceiling 3 and the floor 2 each typically extend in a horizontal direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction. The wall 1 has any appropriate configuration depending on the use of the room 100. The wall 1 typically extends substantially parallel to the vertical direction.

[0016] As shown in FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, the wall 1 has a first wall surface 11, a second wall surface 12, a third wall surface 13, and a fourth wall surface 14. The first wall surface 11 and the second wall surface 12 are spaced apart in a first horizontal direction (the left-right direction on the paper in FIG. 2 ). In the illustrated example, the first wall surface 11 and the second wall surface 12 are substantially parallel to each other. The third wall surface 13 and the fourth wall surface 14 are spaced apart in a second horizontal direction (the up-down direction on the paper in FIG. 2 ) perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. In the illustrated example, the third wall surface 13 and the fourth wall surface 14 are substantially parallel to each other. Furthermore, the third wall surface 13 and the fourth wall surface 14 are connected to the first wall surface 11 and the second wall surface 12, respectively. The intersection angle between the connected wall surfaces can be set arbitrarily and appropriately depending on the application. In the illustrated example, the connected wall surfaces are substantially perpendicular to each other.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first wall surface 11 is provided with a light-transmitting portion 4. The entire first wall surface 11 of the wall 1 may be made up of the light-transmitting portion 4, or only a portion of the first wall surface 11 of the wall 1 may be made up of the light-transmitting portion 4. In the illustrated example, the entire first wall surface 11 of the wall 1 is made up of the light-transmitting portion 4. Such a configuration can further create a sense of spatial openness in the room.

[0018] In one embodiment, the light-reducing film 50 and the surface-emitting film 52 are provided on the inner side of the light-transmitting section 4. In this case, the surface-emitting film 52 emits light toward the light-transmitting section 4. In the illustrated example, the light-reducing film 50 is a first polarizing film 51, and the first polarizing film 51 and the surface-emitting film 52 are supported on the first wall surface 11 of the wall 1. The order of the light-reducing film 50 and the surface-emitting film 52 relative to the light-transmitting section 4 is not particularly limited. The surface-emitting film 52 may be located between the light-transmitting section 4 and the light-reducing film 50, or may be located on the opposite side of the light-reducing film 50 from the light-transmitting section 4. In the illustrated example, the surface-emitting film 52 is located between the light-transmitting section 4 and the first polarizing film 51. When the surface-emitting film is located between the light-transmitting section and the first polarizing film, light emitted from the surface-emitting film is transmitted through the light-transmitting section without being absorbed by the light-reducing film (typically, the first polarizer of the first polarizing film). Therefore, it is possible to stably prevent objects inside the room from being visible from outside while reducing the amount of light emitted by the surface-emitting film.

[0019] The luminance of the light emitted from the surface emitting film 52 and transmitted through the light transmitting portion 4 (hereinafter referred to as surface luminance) is, for example, 100 cd / m ２ More than 200 cd / m ２ More preferably, 300 cd / m ２ More preferably, 350 cd / m ２ If the surface emission luminance is equal to or greater than this lower limit, it is possible to more stably prevent an object inside the room from being visible from outside. On the other hand, the surface emission luminance is, for example, 1000 cd / m ２ Below 800 cd / m ２ Less than 500 cd / m ２ If the surface emission luminance is equal to or less than this upper limit, it is possible to prevent a third party from feeling dazzled when looking at the light-transmitting portion from the exterior space of an artificial structure (typically a room) having an interior space, and it is also possible to reduce the amount of light emitted by the surface emitting film.

[0020] The surface emission luminance is, for example, 7 times or more, preferably 14 times or more, and more preferably 24 times or more, the luminance of light reflected by the object X and transmitted through the light-transmitting portion 4 (hereinafter referred to as object luminance). When the surface emission luminance / object luminance is equal to or greater than such a lower limit, it is possible to more reliably prevent an object inside the room from being seen from outside. On the other hand, the surface emission luminance is, for example, 70 times or less, preferably 50 times or less, and more preferably 30 times or less, the object luminance. When the surface emission luminance / object luminance is equal to or less than such an upper limit, it is possible to reliably prevent a third party from feeling dazzled when looking at the light-transmitting portion from the outside space of an artificial object having an interior space (typically a room).

[0021] The object luminance is measured when the surface luminous film is turned off, and is, for example, 10 cd / m ２ ~500 cd / m ２ and preferably 20 cd / m ２ ~300 cd / m ２ is.

[0022] The object luminance is adjusted appropriately according to the light environment of the internal space S of the artificial structure 102 (typically the room 100). The luminance of the internal space S of the artificial structure 102 (typically the room 100) (hereinafter referred to as the "indoor luminance") is, for example, 10 cd / m ２ ~200 cd / m ２ and preferably 30 cd / m ２ ~150 cd / m ２ and more preferably 50 cd / m ２ ~100 cd / m ２ When the indoor luminance is in this range, the object luminance can be stably adjusted to the above range.

[0023] An interior light (not shown) may be provided in the interior space S of the artificial object 102 (typically, the room 100). If an interior light is provided in the interior space of the artificial object (typically, the room), the interior luminance can be stably adjusted to the above-mentioned range. The interior light is typically provided on the ceiling 3 of the room 100 (see FIG. 1). Any appropriate light source may be used for the interior light. The illuminance of the interior light on the object X is, for example, 50 lx or more and 2000 lx or less.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1 , in one embodiment, a second polarizing film 60 is disposed in the interior space S of an artificial object 102 (typically, a room 100). The second polarizing film 60 includes a second polarizer 61. The absorption axis direction A1 of the first polarizer 511 of the first polarizing film 51 and the absorption axis direction A2 of the second polarizer 61 of the second polarizing film 60 are typically substantially perpendicular to each other. With this configuration, light passing through the second polarizing film becomes polarized light that oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the absorption axis of the second polarizer. Therefore, upon reaching the first polarizing film, the polarized light that has passed through the second polarizing film is absorbed by the first polarizer. This can prevent the polarized light that has passed through the second polarizing film from emitting from the room to the external space through the light-transmitting portion. As a result, by placing an object on the opposite side of the second polarizing film from the first polarizing film, it is possible to stably prevent the object from being recognized through the light-transmitting portion from the external space of the artificial object (typically, a room).

[0025] The second polarizing film 60 is provided on any appropriate member. In one embodiment, the second polarizing film 60 is provided on the image display unit 6a. In other words, the image display unit 6a includes the second polarizing film 60. The image display unit 6a is typically provided on a wall surface different from the wall surface on which the light transmission unit 4 is provided. In the illustrated example, the image display unit 6a is provided on the second wall surface 12 (see FIG. 2 ).

[0026] In one embodiment, the image display unit 6 a includes a second polarizing film 60 and an image display panel (not shown) as an example of an object. The second polarizing film 60 is disposed on the viewing side of the image display panel (not shown). The image display panel includes an image display cell. Examples of the image display panel include a liquid crystal display panel and an organic EL display panel.

[0027] B. Details of the Room The following describes in detail each component provided in the room. In one embodiment, the room 100 is provided with a composite panel 5 including a light-reducing film 50 and a surface-emitting film 52. The following describes in detail the case where the light-reducing film 50 is a first polarizing film 51.

[0028] B-1. Light-Transmitting Section The composite panel 5 is typically disposed on the inner side (indoor side) of the light-transmitting section 4. The light-transmitting section 4 has any appropriate configuration that can transmit light. The light-transmitting section 4 has a visible light transmittance (total light transmittance) of, for example, 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting section 4 is typically 100%.

[0029] The wall 1 may be provided with one light-transmitting portion 4 or with multiple light-transmitting portions 4. The shape of the light-transmitting portion 4 is not particularly limited. Examples of the shape of the light-transmitting portion 4 as viewed from the thickness direction of the first polarizing film 51 include a polygonal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, and other irregular shapes. In the illustrated example, the light-transmitting portion 4 forms the entire first wall surface 11 (see FIG. 2 ) of the wall 1, and has a quadrangular shape as viewed from the thickness direction of the first polarizing film 51.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 3 , in one embodiment, the light-transmitting portion 4 has a transparent substrate 41. Examples of materials constituting the transparent substrate 41 include glass materials and transparent resin materials. Specific examples of glass materials include soda glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, alkali glass, and alkali-free glass. Specific examples of transparent resin materials include cycloolefin (COP)-based resins such as polynorbornene-based resins; polyester-based resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET); cellulose-based resins such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC); polycarbonate (PC)-based resins; (meth)acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); polyvinyl alcohol-based resins; polyamide-based resins; polyimide-based resins; polyethersulfone-based resins; polysulfone-based resins; polystyrene-based resins; polyolefin-based resins; and acetate-based resins. In this specification, the term "(meth)acrylic resin" includes methacrylic resins and / or acrylic resins. Among the materials constituting the transparent substrate 41, glass materials are preferred. The thickness of the transparent substrate 41 is, for example, 2 mm to 19 mm, and preferably 3 mm to 12 mm.

[0031] The light-transmitting portion 4 may include a functional layer 42 in addition to the transparent substrate 41. The functional layer 42 is typically provided on the surface of the transparent substrate 41 in the thickness direction. The functional layer 42 may be provided on only one surface of the transparent substrate 41, or on both surfaces of the transparent substrate 41. In the illustrated example, the functional layer 42 is provided on the inner (indoor) surface of the transparent substrate 41. The functional layer 42 may impart any appropriate performance to the light-transmitting portion 4. In one embodiment, the functional layer 42 is a shatterproof film. The total light transmittance of the functional layer 42 for visible light is, for example, 80% to 100%, preferably 90% to 100%. The thickness of the functional layer 42 is adjusted arbitrarily and appropriately depending on its function. When the functional layer 42 is a shatterproof film, its thickness is, for example, 60 μm to 300 μm, preferably 80 μm to 200 μm or more. If the shatterproof film has such a thickness, it can sufficiently prevent fragments of the light transmitting portion from scattering when the light transmitting portion is broken.

[0032] B-2. Composite Panel In one embodiment, the composite panel 5 includes a surface-emitting panel 58 including a surface-emitting film 52 and a polarizing panel 57 including a first polarizing film 51. By providing such a composite panel inside (indoor side) of the light-transmitting section, it is possible to achieve a sense of spatial openness in an artificial structure (typically a room) while improving information security.

[0033] B-2-1. Surface-emitting panel As described above, the surface-emitting panel 58 includes the surface-emitting film 52. The surface-emitting film 52 has any appropriate configuration that allows light to be emitted in the thickness direction. Examples of the surface-emitting film 52 include a light-extraction film and a light-diffusion film, and a light-extraction film is preferred.

[0034] 4 , in one embodiment, the surface-emitting film 52 is a light-extraction film 52a. The light-extraction film 52a is an optical laminate and includes a light-extraction layer 521, a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523, a first cover sheet 525, a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524, and a second cover sheet 526. The thickness of the light-extraction film 52a is, for example, 100 μm to 500 μm, and preferably 250 μm to 350 μm.

[0035] The light extraction layer 521 has a first major surface 521a and a second major surface 521b. A light extraction mechanism 522 is provided on either the first major surface 521a or the second major surface 521b. In the illustrated example, the light extraction mechanism 522 is provided on the first major surface 521a. The light extraction film 52a can extract light in the thickness direction by the light extraction mechanism 522 while propagating light in a planar direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.

[0036] The light extraction mechanism 522 has a plurality of recesses 522a. Each of the recesses 522a has any suitable shape in a cross section in the thickness direction of the light extraction film 52a. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the recess 522a is triangular. The recess 522a typically has a first inclined surface ISa and a second inclined surface ISb. The first inclined surface ISa is configured to direct a portion of the light propagating within the light extraction film 52a toward the exit surface by total internal reflection (TIR). The first inclined surface ISa preferably forms a curved surface that is convex toward the light source when viewed in the thickness direction of the light extraction film 52a. The second inclined surface ISb is located on the opposite side to the first inclined surface ISa. Typically, the first inclined surface ISa is an inclined surface facing the light source, and the second inclined surface ISb is an inclined surface distal from the light source. The inclination angle of the first inclined surface ISa with respect to the first main surface 521a is typically gentler (smaller) than the inclination angle of the second inclined surface ISb. With this configuration, light can be extracted by being reflected by the first inclined surface.

[0037] The arrangement of the multiple recesses 522a when viewed from the thickness direction of the light extraction film 52a can be appropriately set depending on the purpose, the shape of the light extraction layer (light extraction film), the desired light distribution, etc. The multiple recesses 522a are arranged at intervals from one another. The arrangement of the multiple recesses 522a may be periodic or regular in at least one direction, or may not be periodic or regular. The multiple recesses 522a are preferably arranged uniformly throughout the light extraction layer 521. In one embodiment, multiple recesses 522a having substantially the same shape and curved surfaces convex in the same direction are periodically arranged throughout the light extraction layer 521 in the light guide direction and in a direction perpendicular to the light guide direction. In this case, the pitch Py of the recesses 522a in the light guide direction is, for example, 10 μm to 500 μm; and the pitch Px of the recesses 522a in the direction perpendicular to the light guide direction is, for example, 10 μm to 500 μm.

[0038] When the light extraction film 52a is viewed in the thickness direction, the ratio of the total area of ​​the recesses to the area of ​​the light extraction film 52a (occupancy rate) is, for example, 80% or less, preferably 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less, even more preferably 30% or less, particularly preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less. On the other hand, the lower limit of the occupation rate of the recesses can be set depending on the desired light extraction function, and is typically 1%.

[0039] The light extraction layer 521 may be made of any suitable material as long as the light extraction mechanism described above is formed. The light extraction layer 521 is typically made of a material with high transmittance for visible light. Examples of materials that make up the light extraction layer 521 include the glass materials described above and the transparent resin materials described above.

[0040] The light extraction layer 521 may be composed of a single (integral) shaped film, or a light extraction mechanism may be formed on a substrate. The thickness of the light extraction layer 521 is, for example, 5 μm to 200 μm, preferably 5 μm to 150 μm, and more preferably 5 μm to 100 μm.

[0041] In one embodiment, a region 527 having a refractive index smaller than that of the adhesive layer is provided on either the first main surface 521 a or the second main surface 521 b of the light extraction layer 521. In the illustrated example, the region 527 is provided on the first main surface 521 a side of the light extraction layer 521. With this configuration, the light extraction film can exhibit excellent light extraction function.

[0042] In the illustrated example, the region 527 is an air portion defined by the recess 522a of the light extraction mechanism 522. In this case, the first adhesive layer 523 is preferably 1.0×10 ５ The region 527 is made of an adhesive having a storage modulus of 1.0 Pa or more. With this configuration, the adhesive constituting the first adhesive layer can be effectively prevented from entering the recesses of the light extraction mechanism. Therefore, the recesses 522a can be maintained as air spaces. As a result, the excellent light extraction performance of the light extraction mechanism can be stably maintained. The region 527 may be a porous layer. The porous layer is typically provided between the light extraction layer 521 and the first adhesive layer 523. The porous layer may have any appropriate configuration. The refractive index of the porous layer is, for example, less than 1.20. The porous layer will be described in detail later.

[0043] The first cover sheet 525 is laminated on the main surface of the light extraction layer 521 on which the light extraction mechanism 522 is provided, via a first adhesive layer 523. In the illustrated example, the first cover sheet 525 is laminated on the first main surface 521a of the light extraction layer 521 via the first adhesive layer 523. The first cover sheet 525 is typically capable of guiding light. The first cover sheet 525 is preferably made of a material with high transmittance for visible light. Examples of materials that constitute the first cover sheet 525 include the above-mentioned glass materials and the above-mentioned transparent resin materials. The thickness of the first cover sheet 525 is, for example, 30 μm to 50 mm.

[0044] The second cover sheet 526 is laminated on the main surface of the light extraction layer 521 on which the light extraction mechanism 522 is not provided, via a second adhesive layer 224. In the illustrated example, the second cover sheet 526 is laminated on the second main surface 521b of the light extraction layer 521 via the second adhesive layer 524. The second cover sheet 526 will be described in the same manner as the first cover sheet 525. Therefore, a description of the second cover sheet 526 will be omitted. The first cover sheet 525 and the second cover sheet 526 may have the same configuration as each other, or may have different configurations from each other.

[0045] The configurations (e.g., materials, mechanical properties, optical properties) of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 and the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 can be appropriately set depending on the purpose. The first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 and the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 may have the same configuration as each other, or may have different configurations from each other.

[0046] In one embodiment, the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 has a hardness that does not allow the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 to penetrate into the recesses at room temperature and normal pressure (23°C, 0.1 MPa). The storage modulus of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 at 23°C is, for example, 1.0 × 10 ５ (Pa) or more, preferably 1.1 × 10 ５ (Pa) or more, more preferably 1.2 × 10 ５ (Pa) or more, more preferably 1.4 × 10 ５ (Pa) or more, particularly preferably 1.6 × 10 ５ (Pa) or more, particularly preferably 1.8 × 10 ５ (Pa) or more, most preferably 2.0 × 10 ５ On the other hand, the storage modulus of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 at 23° C. is, for example, 1.0×10 ７ (Pa) or less, preferably 5.0 × 10 ６ (Pa) or less, more preferably 1.0 × 10 ６ (Pa) or less, more preferably 5.0 × 10 ５The storage modulus is determined by reading the value at 23°C when measured at a temperature rise rate of 5°C / min in the range of -50°C to 150°C under a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with the method described in JIS K 7244-1 "Plastics - Test methods for dynamic mechanical properties."

[0047] Any appropriate adhesive may be used as the adhesive constituting the first adhesive layer 523 as long as it has the above-described properties. A typical example of the adhesive is a (meth)acrylic adhesive ((meth)acrylic adhesive composition). An acrylic adhesive composition typically contains a (meth)acrylic polymer as the main component (base polymer). The (meth)acrylic polymer is contained in the adhesive composition in a proportion of, for example, 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more of the solid content of the adhesive composition. The (meth)acrylic polymer contains structural units derived from alkyl (meth)acrylate. The (meth)acrylate includes acrylate and / or methacrylate. The proportion of the structural units derived from alkyl (meth)acrylate in the (meth)acrylic polymer is, for example, 80% by mass or more, preferably 90% by mass or more. Examples of the alkyl group of the alkyl (meth)acrylate include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. The average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 3 to 9, more preferably 3 to 6. The alkyl (meth)acrylate is particularly preferably butyl acrylate.

[0048] The (meth)acrylic polymer may contain, in addition to a structural unit derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate, a structural unit derived from a copolymerizable monomer copolymerizable with the alkyl (meth)acrylate. When the (meth)acrylic polymer contains a structural unit derived from a copolymerizable monomer, the storage modulus of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be stably adjusted to the above range. Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include a carboxyl group-containing monomer, a hydroxyl group-containing monomer, an amide group-containing monomer, an aromatic ring-containing (meth)acrylate, and a heterocycle-containing vinyl monomer. The copolymerizable monomers may be used alone or in combination. Among the copolymerizable monomers, preferred are carboxyl group-containing monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid; hydroxyl group-containing monomers such as 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate; and heterocycle-containing vinyl monomers such as N-acryloylmorpholine, with N-acryloylmorpholine being more preferred. The content of the structural units derived from copolymerization monomers in the (meth)acrylic polymer is, for example, 0% by mass to 20% by mass, preferably 0.5% by mass to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.8% by mass to 13% by mass, and particularly preferably 5% by mass to 12% by mass.

[0049] The (meth)acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition preferably contains a silane coupling agent and / or a crosslinking agent. Examples of the silane coupling agent include an epoxy group-containing silane coupling agent. Examples of the crosslinking agent include an isocyanate-based crosslinking agent and a peroxide-based crosslinking agent. Furthermore, the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may contain an antioxidant and / or a conductive agent. Details of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition are described in, for example, JP 2006-183022 A, JP 2015-199942 A, JP 2018-053114 A, JP 2016-190996 A, and WO 2018 / 008712 A, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0050] The thickness of the first adhesive layer 523 is, for example, 3 μm to 30 μm, and preferably 5 μm to 10 μm. If the thickness of the first adhesive layer is in this range, it has the advantage of having sufficient adhesion while having little effect on the light extraction layer.

[0051] In one embodiment, the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 is softer than the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 at room temperature and normal pressure (23°C, 0.1 MPa). The storage modulus of the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 at 23°C is, for example, 1.0×10 ５ (Pa) or less, preferably 9.0 × 10 ４ (Pa) or less, more preferably 8.0 × 10 ４ (Pa) or less, more preferably 7.0 × 10 ４ On the other hand, the storage modulus of the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 at 23° C. is, for example, 1.0×10 ３ (Pa) or more, preferably 5.0 × 10 ３ (Pa) or more, more preferably 1.0 × 10 ４ (Pa) or more, more preferably 5.0 × 10 ４ (Pa) or more.

[0052] The second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 is composed of any appropriate pressure-sensitive adhesive. A typical example of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is a (meth)acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (a (meth)acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition). The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is as described above. However, the pressure-sensitive adhesive constituting the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 preferably does not contain a heterocycle-containing (meth)acrylate. The weight-average molecular weight Mw of the base polymer in the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is, for example, 2,000,000 or less, preferably 1,600,000 or less. Meanwhile, the lower limit of the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the base polymer is typically 5,000. Details of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition constituting the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 524 are described, for example, in JP 2016-190996 A, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0053] The thickness of the second adhesive layer 524 is, for example, 5 μm to 300 μm, and preferably 10 μm to 200 μm. If the thickness of the second adhesive layer is in this range, it is possible to reduce impact, particularly when vibration occurs in the planar direction, and reduce damage to the light extraction film.

[0054] Details of such a light extraction film 52a are described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2023-142896, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 3, in one embodiment, a surface-emitting panel 58 includes a light guide plate 54 and a light source 55 in addition to the surface-emitting film 52 described above.

[0056] The light guide plate 54 can propagate light incident from the light source 55 in a planar direction (the vertical direction on the paper surface in FIG. 3 ) perpendicular to the thickness direction. The light guide plate 54 has any appropriate configuration. The light guide plate 54 is preferably made of a material that has a high transmittance for visible light. Examples of materials that can be used for the light guide plate 54 include the above-mentioned glass materials and the above-mentioned transparent resin materials, preferably transparent resin materials, and more preferably (meth)acrylic resins.

[0057] The refractive index of the light guide plate 54 is, for example, 1.40 or more, preferably 1.49 or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the refractive index of the light guide plate 54 is typically 1.58. Unless otherwise specified, the refractive index refers to the refractive index measured at a wavelength of 550 nm. The thickness of the light guide plate 54 is, for example, 0.5 mm to 20 mm, preferably 3 mm to 12 mm.

[0058] In one embodiment, the light guide plate 54 supports the above-described surface-emitting film 52. The surface-emitting film 52 is typically attached to the surface of the light guide plate 54 facing the light-transmitting section 4 via any suitable adhesive layer. In the illustrated example, the surface-emitting film 52 is attached to the entire surface of the light guide plate 54 facing the light-transmitting section 4. When the surface-emitting film 52 is a light-extraction film 52a, the first cover sheet 525 of the light-extraction film 52a is attached to the surface of the light guide plate 54 facing the light-transmitting section 4 via an adhesive layer (see FIG. 4 ). The adhesive layer is typically capable of transmitting visible light. The adhesive layer may be a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or an adhesive layer. When the adhesive layer is a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, examples of the pressure-sensitive adhesive constituting the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer include the above-described (meth)acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is, for example, 3.5 μm or more and 35 μm or less. When the adhesive layer is an adhesive layer, examples of the adhesive constituting the adhesive layer include a thermosetting adhesive and an ultraviolet-curing adhesive, and preferably a (meth)acrylic ultraviolet-curing adhesive. The thickness of the adhesive layer is, for example, 0.4 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less.

[0059] The light source 55 is typically capable of emitting visible light. In the illustrated example, the light source 55 is disposed to face an end of the light guide plate 54. A typical example of the light source 55 is an LED light source configured with an array of multiple LEDs. In one embodiment, when visible light is introduced from the light source 55 to the light guide plate 54, the visible light propagates within the light guide plate 54 while repeatedly reflected within the light guide plate 54, and is then emitted by the surface-emitting film 52. When the surface-emitting film 52 is a light-extraction film 52a, the visible light introduced from the light source 55 to the light guide plate 54 propagates while repeatedly reflected within the light guide plate 54 and the first cover sheet 525, and is reflected by the first inclined surface ISa of the recess 12a of the light-extraction mechanism 12 before being emitted (see FIG. 4 ).

[0060] Such a surface-emitting panel 58 is capable of transmitting visible light in the thickness direction. The visible light transmittance (total light transmittance) of the surface-emitting panel 58 is, for example, 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the visible light transmittance of the surface-emitting panel 58 is typically 100%.

[0061] The composite panel 5 may include one surface-emitting panel 58 or multiple surface-emitting panels 58. In the illustrated example, the composite panel 5 includes a first surface-emitting panel 58a and a second surface-emitting panel 58b.

[0062] The first surface-emitting panel 58a is disposed on the indoor side of the light-transmitting section 4 so that the surface-emitting film 52 faces the light-transmitting section 4. The first surface-emitting panel 58a and the light-transmitting section 4 may be disposed at an interval. In the thickness direction of the first surface-emitting panel 58a, the interval between the first surface-emitting panel 58a and the light-transmitting section 4 is, for example, 0 mm to 80 mm, and preferably 20 mm to 60 mm.

[0063] The second surface-emitting panel 58b is disposed on the opposite side of the first surface-emitting panel 58a from the light-transmitting unit 4. The light guide plate 54 of the first surface-emitting panel 58a and the surface-emitting film 52 of the second surface-emitting panel 58b may be disposed with a gap between them. In the thickness direction of the second surface-emitting panel 58b, the gap between the light guide plate 54 of the first surface-emitting panel 58a and the surface-emitting film 52 of the second surface-emitting panel 58b is, for example, 0 mm to 100 mm, and preferably 50 mm to 60 mm.

[0064] B-2-2. Polarizing Panel The polarizing panel 57 includes a first polarizing film 51. The thickness of the first polarizing film 51 is, for example, 50 μm to 200 μm, and preferably 100 μm to 150 μm.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 5 , the first polarizing film 51 includes a first polarizer 511. Any appropriate polarizer can be used as the first polarizer 511. The polarizer is typically made of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin film containing a dichroic substance (e.g., iodine). Examples of PVA-based resins include polyvinyl alcohol, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. For example, the resin film forming the polarizer may be a single-layer resin film or a laminate of two or more layers.

[0066] Specific examples of polarizers composed of a single-layer resin film include hydrophilic polymer films such as PVA films, partially formalized PVA films, and partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer films that have been dyed with iodine or a dichroic substance such as a dichroic dye and stretched, and polyene-based oriented films such as dehydrated PVA films and dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride films. Preferably, a polarizer obtained by dyeing a PVA film with iodine and uniaxially stretching it is used because of its excellent optical properties.

[0067] The dyeing with iodine is carried out, for example, by immersing the PVA-based film in an aqueous iodine solution. The stretching ratio of the uniaxial stretching is preferably 3 to 7 times. The stretching may be carried out after the dyeing treatment or while dyeing. Alternatively, the PVA-based film may be stretched and then dyed. If necessary, the PVA-based film may be subjected to a swelling treatment, a crosslinking treatment, a washing treatment, a drying treatment, or the like. For example, by immersing the PVA-based film in water and washing it before dyeing, it is possible not only to wash away dirt and antiblocking agents on the surface of the PVA-based film but also to swell the PVA-based film and prevent uneven dyeing.

[0068] Specific examples of polarizers obtained using laminates include a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer (PVA-based resin film) laminated on the resin substrate, or a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer formed by coating on the resin substrate. A polarizer obtained using a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer formed by coating on the resin substrate can be produced, for example, by applying a PVA-based resin solution to the resin substrate and drying the solution to form a PVA-based resin layer on the resin substrate to obtain a laminate of the resin substrate and the PVA-based resin layer, and then stretching and dyeing the laminate to form the PVA-based resin layer into a polarizer. In this embodiment, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer containing a halide and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is preferably formed on one side of the resin substrate. The stretching typically involves immersing the laminate in a boric acid aqueous solution and stretching it. Furthermore, the stretching may further include, if necessary, in-air stretching of the laminate at an elevated temperature (e.g., 95°C or higher) before stretching in the boric acid aqueous solution. Additionally, in this embodiment, the laminate is preferably subjected to a drying shrinkage treatment in which the laminate is heated while being transported in the longitudinal direction, thereby shrinking the laminate by 2% or more in the width direction. Typically, the manufacturing method of this embodiment includes subjecting the laminate to an auxiliary in-air stretching treatment, a dyeing treatment, an underwater stretching treatment, and a drying shrinkage treatment, in this order. By introducing auxiliary stretching, it is possible to increase the crystallinity of the PVA, even when the PVA is coated on a thermoplastic resin, thereby achieving high optical properties. Furthermore, by simultaneously increasing the orientation of the PVA in advance, problems such as a decrease in the orientation or dissolution of the PVA when immersed in water in the subsequent dyeing or stretching steps can be prevented, thereby achieving high optical properties. Furthermore, when the PVA-based resin layer is immersed in a liquid, the disordering of the orientation of polyvinyl alcohol molecules and the decrease in the orientation can be suppressed compared to when the PVA-based resin layer does not contain a halide. This can improve the optical properties of a polarizer obtained through treatment steps in which the laminate is immersed in a liquid, such as a dyeing treatment and an underwater stretching treatment. Furthermore, the optical properties can be improved by shrinking the laminate in the width direction through drying shrinkage treatment.The obtained resin substrate / polarizer laminate may be used as is (i.e., the resin substrate may be used as a protective layer for the polarizer), or any suitable protective layer may be laminated depending on the purpose on the surface obtained by peeling the resin substrate from the resin substrate / polarizer laminate or on the surface opposite to the peeled surface. Details of the method for producing such a polarizer are described in, for example, JP 2012-73580 A and Japanese Patent No. 6,470,455 A. The entire disclosures of these publications are incorporated herein by reference.

[0069] The thickness of the polarizer is, for example, 40 μm or less, preferably 30 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or less, even more preferably 12 μm or less, particularly preferably 10 μm or less, particularly preferably 8 μm or less, and most preferably 7 μm. On the other hand, the thickness of the polarizer is, for example, 1 μm or more, preferably 3 μm. When the thickness of the polarizer is within the above range, curling during heating can be well suppressed and good appearance durability during heating can be obtained.

[0070] The polarizer preferably exhibits absorptive dichroism at any wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm. The single transmittance of the polarizer is preferably 41.0% to 46.0%, more preferably 42.0% to 45.0%. The degree of polarization of the polarizer is preferably 97.0% or more, more preferably 99.0% or more, and even more preferably 99.9% or more.

[0071] In one embodiment, the first polarizing film 51 further includes a protective layer 512 in addition to the first polarizer 511. The protective layer 512 is disposed on at least one side of the first polarizer 511. That is, the first polarizing film 51 may be a so-called single-protected polarizer or a so-called double-protected polarizer. In the illustrated example, the protective layer 512 is provided on both sides of the first polarizer 511. The protective layer 512 is typically attached to the first polarizer 511 via any appropriate adhesive layer. The adhesive layer that attaches the protective layer 512 to the first polarizer 511 may be described in the same manner as the adhesive layer that attaches the surface-emitting film 52 to the light guide plate 54, for example.

[0072] The protective layer 512 is made of any appropriate resin film, such as a cellulose-based resin such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), a cycloolefin-based resin such as polynorbornene, a (meth)acrylic resin, a polyester-based resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a polyolefin-based resin such as polyethylene, or a polycarbonate-based resin.

[0073] The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 10 μm to 80 μm, more preferably 12 μm to 40 μm, and even more preferably 15 μm to 35 μm.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 3, in one embodiment, a polarizing panel 57 includes a support substrate 53 in addition to the first polarizing film 51 described above.

[0075] The support substrate 53 is capable of transmitting visible light in the thickness direction. The visible light transmittance (total light transmittance) of the support substrate 53 is, for example, 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the visible light transmittance of the support substrate 53 is typically 100%.

[0076] The support substrate 53 has any appropriate configuration. The support substrate 53 is typically made of a material with high transmittance to visible light. Examples of materials that can be used for the support substrate 53 include the glass materials and transparent resin materials described above, preferably transparent resin materials, and more preferably (meth)acrylic resins. The thickness of the support substrate 53 is, for example, 0.5 mm to 20 mm, and preferably 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0077] In one embodiment, the support substrate 53 supports the above-described first polarizing film 51. The first polarizing film 51 is typically attached to the surface of the support substrate 53 via any appropriate adhesive layer. In the illustrated example, the first polarizing film 51 is attached to the entire indoor-side surface of the support substrate 53. The adhesive layer that attaches the first polarizing film 51 to the support substrate 53 can be described in the same manner as the adhesive layer that attaches the surface-emitting film 52 to the light guide plate 54, for example.

[0078] Such a polarizing panel 57 is an example of a dimming panel including a dimming film 50. The dimming panel is not limited to a polarizing panel. The dimming panel may be a smoked panel including a smoked film. The smoked panel can be described in the same manner as the polarizing panel 57, except that the smoked film is provided instead of the first polarizing film 51. The smoked panel may include the above-described support substrate 53 in addition to the smoked film. In this case, the support substrate 53 supports the above-described smoked film.

[0079] Such a dimming panel (polarizing panel 57) may be disposed in any appropriate position. The dimming panel (polarizing panel 57) may be disposed between the light-transmitting unit 4 and the first surface-emitting panel 58 a, between the first surface-emitting panel 58 a and the second surface-emitting panel 58 b, or on the opposite side of the second surface-emitting panel 58 b from the light-transmitting unit 4.

[0080] In one embodiment, the dimming panel (polarizing panel 57) is disposed on the opposite side of the surface-emitting panel 58 (specifically, the second surface-emitting panel 58b) from the light-transmitting unit 4. In the illustrated example, the light guide plate 54 of the surface-emitting panel 58 (second surface-emitting panel 58b) and the support base material 53 of the dimming panel (polarizing panel 57) are disposed with a gap between them. That is, the light guide plate 54 of the surface-emitting panel 58 (second surface-emitting panel 58b) is disposed between the surface-emitting film 52 and the dimming film 50 (first polarizing film 51). In the thickness direction of the dimming panel (polarizing panel 57), the gap between the light guide plate 54 and the support base material 53 is, for example, 0.01 mm to 100 mm.

[0081] In the illustrated example, the space (i.e., air layer) between the light guide plate 54 of the surface-emitting panel 58 and the support substrate 53 of the dimming panel (polarizing panel 57) functions as a low-refractive index layer 56. In other words, the low-refractive index layer 56 is provided between the surface-emitting panel 58 and the dimming panel (polarizing panel 57). The refractive index of the low-refractive index layer 56 is smaller than the refractive index of the light guide plate 54. The provision of such a low-refractive index layer can prevent light propagating through the light guide plate from leaking out of the light guide plate, and as a result, light can be stably emitted from the surface-emitting film.

[0082] The low refractive index layer 56 is not limited to an air layer. The low refractive index layer 56 may be a porous layer. The total light transmittance of the porous layer is, for example, 85% to 99%, preferably 87% to 98%, and more preferably 89% to 97%. If the total light transmittance of the low refractive index layer is in this range, excellent transparency can be achieved in the composite panel.

[0083] The haze of the porous layer is, for example, less than 5%, preferably less than 3%. On the other hand, the haze is, for example, 0.1% or more, or, for example, 0.2% or more. If the haze of the low refractive index layer is in this range, excellent transparency can be stably imparted to the composite panel. Note that the haze can be calculated from the following formula using a value measured with a haze meter (for example, "HM-150" manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd.): Haze (%) = [Diffuse transmittance (%) / Total light transmittance (%)] × 100 (%)

[0084] The thickness of the porous layer is, for example, 0.3 μm to 10 μm, and preferably 0.5 μm to 5.0 μm. A silicon compound is typically used as a material for the porous layer. In one embodiment, the porous layer typically contains aerogel and / or particles (which may be, for example, hollow fine particles and / or porous particles).

[0085] Any suitable particles can be used as the particles. The particles are typically made of a silica-based compound. The particle shapes include, for example, spherical, plate-like, needle-like, string-like, and grape-like shapes.

[0086] An example of a porous layer is a structure composed of one or more types of structural units that form a fine void structure, and these structural units are bonded to each other (e.g., chemically bonded via catalytic action). Examples of the shape of the structural units include particulate, fibrous, rod-like, and flat plate-like. The structural units may have only one shape, or may have a combination of two or more shapes.

[0087] A specific example of a porous layer is a porous body in which particles having micropores (hereinafter referred to as microporous particles) are chemically bonded to each other. Such a porous layer can be obtained, for example, by chemically bonding the microporous particles to each other. The shape of the microporous particles is not particularly limited and may be, for example, spherical or other shapes. Furthermore, the microporous particles may be, for example, sol-gel beaded particles, nanoparticles (e.g., hollow nanosilica / nanoballoon particles), nanofibers, etc. The microporous particles typically include inorganic substances. Specific examples of inorganic substances include silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr). These may be used alone or in combination. In one embodiment, the microporous particles are, for example, microporous particles of a silicon compound, and the porous body is, for example, a silicone porous body. The microporous particles of the silicon compound include, for example, pulverized particles of a gel-like silica compound. These pulverized particles are, for example, chemically bonded to each other. The chemical bond is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cross-linking bond, a covalent bond, and a hydrogen bond.

[0088] Details of such porous layers are described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2023-142896, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0089] The refractive index of these low refractive index layers 56 is, for example, 1.30 or less, preferably 1.28 or less, and more preferably 1.20 or less. On the other hand, the refractive index of the low refractive index layers 56 is, for example, 1.00 or more, or, for example, exceeds 1.00. The refractive index difference between the low refractive index layers 56 and the light guide plate 54 is, for example, 0.21 or more, preferably 0.49 or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the refractive index difference between the low refractive index layers 56 and the light guide plate 54 is typically 0.58.

[0090] B-3. ​​Second Polarizing Film The second polarizing film 60 can be described in the same manner as the first polarizing film 51, except for the absorption axis direction of the polarizer. Therefore, a detailed description of the second polarizing film 60 will be omitted. In the artificial structure 102 (typically a room 100) shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second polarizing film 60 is provided in the image display unit 6a. The component on which the second polarizing film 60 is provided is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 6, in one embodiment, the second polarizing film 60 is provided in a partition 6b. In other words, the partition 6b includes the second polarizing film 60. The partition 6b is arranged in the internal space S of the artificial structure 102 (typically a room 100) so as to divide the internal space S into multiple compartments. The partition 6b is typically located on the opposite side of the composite panel 5 from the light-transmitting unit 4. According to this configuration, by arranging the object on the opposite side of the partition from the composite panel, it is possible to stably prevent the object from being recognized from the external space of the artificial object (typically a room) through the light-transmitting portion. In the illustrated example, the partition 6b is arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the composite panel 5.

[0091] In one embodiment, the partition 6b further includes a retardation film 62 in addition to the second polarizing film 60. In the illustrated example, the retardation film 62 is attached to the surface of the second polarizing film 60 on the light-transmitting portion 4 side via any appropriate adhesive layer. The retardation film 62 has an in-plane retardation. The in-plane retardation Re(550) of the retardation film 62 is, for example, 100 nm or more, preferably 130 nm or more, and more preferably 200 nm or more. On the other hand, the in-plane retardation Re(550) of the retardation film 62 is, for example, 8000 nm or less, preferably 4000 nm or less. The retardation film 62 may have any appropriate configuration as long as it can exhibit the above-mentioned in-plane retardation. The angle formed by the absorption axis direction A2 of the second polarizer 61 and the slow axis direction of the retardation film 62 is, for example, more than 10° and less than 80°, or more than 100° and less than 170°, clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the absorption axis direction A2 of the second polarizer 61. The angle is preferably 30° to 60° or 120° to 150°.

[0092] The partition 6b may further include a transparent substrate 63 and / or a reflective substrate 64. The transparent substrate 63 and the reflective substrate 64 each have any appropriate configuration. In the illustrated example, the transparent substrate 63 and / or the reflective substrate 64 are disposed on the opposite side of the retardation film 62 from the second polarizing film 60. The arrangement of the transparent substrate 63 and the reflective substrate 64 is not particularly limited.

[0093] Details of such a partition 6b are described, for example, in WO 2022 / 163221, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0094] C. Film Set The light-reducing film 50 and surface-emitting film 52 applicable to such an artificial structure 102 (typically, the room 100) can be distributed as a film set. In one embodiment, the light-reducing film 50 is a first polarizing film 51. As described above, the first polarizing film 51 includes the first polarizer 511 and can be disposed in the light-transmitting section 4. As described above, the surface-emitting film 52 can be disposed in the light-transmitting section 4 so as to emit light toward the side opposite the internal space S. More specifically, the surface-emitting film 52 can be disposed between the light-transmitting section 4 and the light-reducing film 50 (typically, the first polarizing film 51). Furthermore, the film set may further include a second polarizing film 60 in addition to the first polarizing film 51 and the surface-emitting film 52. As described above, the second polarizing film 60 includes the second polarizer 61, and can be placed in the internal space S of the artificial object 102 (typically, the room 100) so that the absorption axis direction A1 of the first polarizer 511 intersects with the absorption axis direction A2 of the second polarizer 61. When the film set is in distribution before being applied to an artificial object (typically, a room), the relative positional relationship between the light-reducing film (typically, the first polarizing film), the surface-emitting film, and the second polarizing film is not particularly limited.

[0095] The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0096] The methods for measuring each physical property are as follows. <Measurement of luminance of light emitted from surface-emitting film and transmitted through light-transmitting portion> In the rooms prepared in each example and comparative example, the luminance of light emitted from the surface-emitting film and transmitted through the light-transmitting portion (surface emission luminance to the outside of the room) was measured by placing a luminance meter (LS-150 / manufactured by Konica Minolta) at a position approximately 1 m outside the room from the light-transmitting portion so as to directly face the light-transmitting portion, and adjusting it to the observation height of an observer. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0097] <Measurement of the luminance of light reflected by the subject and transmitted through the light-transmitting portion> Subject X was placed in the interior space of the room prepared in each example and comparative example. Subject X was located on the opposite side of the first polarizing film from the surface-emitting film. In the thickness direction of the first polarizing film, the distance between the center of subject X and the first polarizing film was 2.5 m. Thereafter, the LED light source was stopped from emitting light, thereby stopping the emission of light from the surface-emitting film. Next, a luminance meter (LS-150 / manufactured by Konica Minolta) was placed on the outside of the light-transmitting portion (specifically, the float glass), i.e., on the opposite side from the surface-emitting film, and the luminance of the subject's face (subject's facial luminance) was measured with the emission of light from the surface-emitting film stopped. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0098] <Test for Visibility of Subject from Outside> Subject X was placed in the interior space of the room prepared in each Example and Comparative Example. Subject X was located on the opposite side of the first polarizing film from the surface-emitting film. In the thickness direction of the first polarizing film, the distance between the center of Subject X and the first polarizing film was 2.5 m. Next, observer Y was placed outside the light-transmitting section, i.e., on the opposite side of the surface-emitting film. In the thickness direction of the first polarizing film, the distance between the center of Subject X and the center of observer Y was 3.5 m. Observer Y evaluated the visibility of Subject X's face using the following criteria. Note that a rating of 2 to 5 below indicates that it is difficult to identify the subject, and a rating of 1 indicates that the subject can be identified. 5: The subject's presence is not visible. 4: The subject's presence is visible, but none of the subject's facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, and ears) are visible. 3: Two or three of the subject's facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, and ears) are not visible. 2: One of the subject's facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, and ears) is not visible. 1: All of the subject's facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, and ears) are visible. The visibility test was then repeated twice with different observers. The average evaluation results of the three visibility tests are shown in Table 1.

[0099] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Polarizing Panel 1-1. Preparation of Polarizer A long, amorphous, isophthalic copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness: 100 μm) with a Tg of approximately 75°C was used as the thermoplastic resin substrate, and one side of the resin substrate was subjected to a corona treatment. A PVA-based resin (100 parts by mass of a 9:1 mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: 4200, degree of saponification: 99.2 mol%) and acetoacetyl-modified PVA (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "GOHSEFIRM") was prepared. 13 parts by mass of potassium iodide was added to 100 parts by mass of the resulting PVA-based resin, and the resulting solution was dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous PVA solution (coating solution). The PVA-based resin was applied to the corona-treated surface of the resin substrate and dried at 60°C to form a 13 μm-thick PVA-based resin layer, producing a laminate. The resulting laminate was uniaxially stretched 2.4 times in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) in an oven at 130°C (in-air auxiliary stretching treatment). Next, the laminate was immersed for 30 seconds in an insolubilizing bath (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by blending 4 parts by mass of boric acid with 100 parts by mass of water) having a liquid temperature of 40°C (insolubilization treatment), then immersed for 60 seconds in a dyeing bath (an iodine aqueous solution obtained by blending iodine and potassium iodide with 100 parts by mass of water in a weight ratio of 1:7) having a liquid temperature of 30°C while adjusting the concentration so that the single transmittance (Ts) of the finally obtained polarizer would be a desired value (dyeing treatment), then immersed for 30 seconds in a crosslinking bath (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by blending 3 parts by mass of potassium iodide and 5 parts by mass of boric acid with 100 parts by mass of water) having a liquid temperature of 40°C (crosslinking treatment). The laminate was then immersed in a boric acid aqueous solution (boric acid concentration 4 wt %, potassium iodide concentration 5 wt %) at a liquid temperature of 70°C and uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) between rolls operating at different peripheral speeds to a total stretch ratio of 5.5 times (underwater stretching treatment). The laminate was then immersed in a cleaning bath (aqueous solution obtained by blending 4 parts by mass of potassium iodide with 100 parts by mass of water) at a liquid temperature of 20°C (washing treatment). The laminate was then dried in an oven maintained at approximately 90°C and contacted with a SUS heated roll maintained at a surface temperature of approximately 75°C (drying shrinkage treatment). In this way, a polarizer approximately 5 μm thick was formed on the resin substrate, resulting in a polarizing plate having a resin substrate / polarizer configuration. The polarizer's single transmittance Ts was 42.2%.

[0100] 1-2. Preparation of First Polarizing Film A triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (thickness: 40 μm) was bonded to the surface of the obtained polarizer (the surface opposite to the resin substrate). Next, the resin substrate was peeled off, and a similar TAC film was bonded to the peeled surface. In this way, a first polarizing film having a structure of TAC film (protective layer) / polarizer / TAC film (protective layer) was obtained. The thickness of the first polarizing film was 130 μm.

[0101] 1-3. Attachment of the first polarizing film to a transparent substrate Next, the first polarizing film was attached to a transparent acrylic plate, an example of a support substrate, by dry sheet attachment (pressure roller). The transparent acrylic plate had a thickness of 3 mm. In this way, a polarizing panel including the first polarizing film and the transparent acrylic plate was obtained.

[0102] Preparation Example 2: Preparation of surface-emitting panel 2-1. Preparation of adhesive constituting first adhesive layer Into a four-neck flask equipped with a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, and a cooler, 90.7 parts by mass of butyl acrylate, 6 parts by mass of N-acryloylmorpholine, 3 parts by mass of acrylic acid, 0.3 parts by mass of 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, and 0.1 parts by mass of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator were charged together with 100 g of ethyl acetate, and nitrogen gas was introduced while gently stirring to replace the atmosphere with nitrogen, after which a polymerization reaction was carried out for 8 hours while maintaining the liquid temperature in the flask at around 55°C, to prepare an acrylic polymer solution. An acrylic adhesive solution was prepared by blending 0.2 parts by mass of an isocyanate crosslinker (Coronate L manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd., an adduct of trimethylolpropane and tolylene diisocyanate), 0.3 parts by mass of benzoyl peroxide (Niper BMT manufactured by NOF Corporation), and 0.2 parts by mass of γ-glycidoxypropyl methoxysilane (KBM-403 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) per 100 parts by mass of the solids content of the obtained acrylic polymer solution. The acrylic adhesive solution was then applied to one side of a silicone-treated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Polyester Film Corporation, thickness: 38 μm) so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying would be 20 μm, and the film was dried at 150°C for 3 minutes to form an adhesive layer. The storage modulus of the obtained adhesive was 1.3 × 10 ５ (Pa).

[0103] 2-2. Preparation of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Constituting Second Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Layer Into a four-necked flask equipped with a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, and a condenser, 99 parts by mass of butyl acrylate, 1 part by mass of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 0.1 parts by mass of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator, and 100 parts by mass of ethyl acetate were charged, and nitrogen gas was introduced while gently stirring to replace the atmosphere with nitrogen, after which a polymerization reaction was carried out for 8 hours while maintaining the liquid temperature in the flask at around 55°C, to prepare a solution of an acrylic polymer. A solution of an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition was prepared by blending 0.1 parts by mass of an isocyanate crosslinking agent (Takenate D110N, trimethylolpropane xylylene diisocyanate, manufactured by Mitsui Takeda Chemicals Inc.), 0.1 parts by mass of benzoyl peroxide (Niper BMT, manufactured by NOF Corporation), and 0.2 parts by mass of γ-glycidoxypropyl methoxysilane (KBM-403, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) per 100 parts by mass of the solids content of the obtained acrylic polymer solution. The solution of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition was then applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate film (separator film: MRF38, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Polyester Film Co., Ltd.) treated with a silicone release agent, and dried at 150°C for 3 minutes to form a 20 μm-thick pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the surface of the separator film. The storage modulus of the resulting pressure-sensitive adhesive was 8.2 × 10 ４ (Pa).

[0104] 2-3. Preparation of a film having recesses constituting a light extraction layer A film having recesses on one main surface was prepared according to the method described in JP-A 2013-524288. Specifically, the process is as follows. The surface of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film (thickness 40 μm) was coated with lacquer (Finecure RM-64 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.), a predetermined optical pattern was embossed on the film surface containing the lacquer, and the lacquer was then cured to prepare a film containing recesses having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 4. The height (depth) H of the recesses was 10 μm, the width W was 20 μm, the inclination angle θa of the first inclined surface was 30°, and the inclination angle θb of the second inclined surface was 70°. Furthermore, the pitch Py of the recesses in the waveguiding direction was 100 μm, and the pitch Px in the direction perpendicular to the waveguiding direction was 200 μm.

[0105] 2-4. Preparation of Surface-Emitting Film A film containing recesses was used as a light-extraction layer. The first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer described above was placed on the main surface of the film on which the recesses were formed, and a first cover sheet (acrylic resin sheet, thickness 40 μm) was laminated via the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Furthermore, the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer described above was placed on the main surface of the film on which the recesses were not formed, and a second cover sheet (acrylic resin sheet, thickness 40 μm) was laminated via the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. In this way, a surface-emitting film having a configuration of first cover sheet / first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / (recesses) / light-extraction layer / second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / second cover sheet was prepared. The thickness of the surface-emitting film was 300 μm.

[0106] 2-5. Attaching the surface-emitting film to the light guide plate Next, the surface-emitting film was attached to the light guide plate (transparent acrylic plate) using a dry sheet attachment (pressure roller). The thickness of the light guide plate was 10 mm. An LED light source was installed at the end of the light guide plate. This resulted in a first surface-emitting panel equipped with the surface-emitting film, the light guide plate, and the LED light source. A second surface-emitting panel was also prepared in the same manner as the first surface-emitting panel.

[0107] [Examples 1 to 6] The polarized panel obtained in Preparation Example 1 and the first and second surface-emitting panels obtained in Preparation Example 2 were installed in a room having a ceiling, floor, and walls. More specifically, a portion of the room's wall was made of float glass as a light-transmitting portion. The float glass had a thickness of 3 mm. A shatterproof film was attached to the interior surface of the float glass via an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0108] The first surface-emitting panel obtained in Preparation Example 2 was placed on the indoor side of the float glass with a gap between them, so that the surface-emitting film and the float glass faced each other. The light guide plate of the first surface-emitting panel and the float glass were substantially parallel. The distance between the center of the light guide plate in the thickness direction and the center of the float glass in the thickness direction was 85 mm.

[0109] Next, the second surface-emitting panel obtained in Preparation Example 2 was placed on the opposite side of the float glass from the first surface-emitting panel. The surface-emitting film of the second surface-emitting panel and the light guide plate of the first surface-emitting panel faced each other with a gap between them. The light guide plate of the first surface-emitting panel and the light guide plate of the second surface-emitting panel were substantially parallel. The distance between the center of the thickness direction of the light guide plate of the first surface-emitting panel and the center of the thickness direction of the light guide plate of the second surface-emitting panel was 65 mm.

[0110] Next, the polarizing panel obtained in Preparation Example 1 was placed on the opposite side of the first surface-emitting panel with respect to the second surface-emitting panel. The transparent substrate of the polarizing panel and the light guide plate of the second surface-emitting panel faced each other with a gap between them. This resulted in an air layer serving as a low refractive index layer being formed between the support substrate of the polarizing panel and the light guide plate of the second surface-emitting panel. The support substrate and the light guide plate were substantially parallel. The distance between the center of the thickness direction of the support substrate and the center of the thickness direction of the light guide plate of the second surface-emitting panel was 30 mm.

[0111] Next, the output of the LED light sources provided in each of the first and second surface-emitting panels was adjusted so that the brightness of the light emitted from the surface-emitting film and transmitted through the float glass would be the value shown in Table 1.

[0112] Comparative Example 1 The polarizing panel obtained in Preparation Example 1 was installed in a room in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first surface-emitting panel and the second surface-emitting panel were not installed.

[0113]

[0114] [Evaluation] As is clear from Table 1, in Examples 1 to 6 in which a first polarizer and a surface-emitting film are provided inside the light-transmitting portion, it is found that a target person inside the room is prevented from being seen from outside through the light-transmitting portion, compared to Comparative Example 1 in which only a first polarizer is provided inside the light-transmitting portion. Therefore, in Examples 1 to 6, it is possible to stably improve information security.

[0115] Artifacts according to embodiments of the present invention may be applied to any suitable architecture and mobility, and may be particularly well suited to rooms and mobility that create a sense of openness and require excellent information security.

[0116] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 wall 2 floor 3 ceiling 4 light-transmitting portion 50 dimming film 51 first polarizing film 511 first polarizer 52 surface-emitting film 60 second polarizing film 61 second polarizer 100 room 102 artificial object X subject Y observer

Claims

1. An artificial object having an internal space in which an object can be placed, the artificial object comprising a light-transmitting section through which light can pass, the light-transmitting section being provided with a dimming film and a surface-emitting film, and the surface-emitting film being capable of emitting light in the direction opposite to the internal space.

2. The artifact of claim 1, which is a room or mobility.

3. The artificial object according to claim 1, which is a room comprising a ceiling, a floor located below and spaced apart from said ceiling, and a wall located between said ceiling and said floor, said wall having said light-transmitting portion.

4. The artificial object of claim 1, wherein the light-reducing film is a first polarizing film including a first polarizer.

5. The artificial object of claim 3, wherein the light-reducing film is a first polarizing film including a first polarizer.

6. The artificial object described in claim 4, wherein a second polarizing film including a second polarizer is disposed in the internal space, and the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer and the absorption axis direction of the second polarizer are substantially perpendicular to each other.

7. The artificial object described in claim 5, wherein a second polarizing film including a second polarizer is disposed in the internal space, and the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer and the absorption axis direction of the second polarizer are substantially perpendicular to each other.

8. The artificial object according to claim 7, wherein the wall includes a first wall surface on which the light-transmitting portion is provided, and a second wall surface on which an image display portion including the second polarizing film is provided.

9. The artificial object according to any one of claims 6 to 8, further comprising a partition that separates the internal space, the partition including the second polarizing film.

10. The artificial object according to claim 1, wherein the light-reducing film and the surface-emitting film are provided inside the light-transmitting portion, and the surface-emitting film is positioned between the light-transmitting portion and the light-reducing film.

11. The artificial object according to claim 10, further comprising a light guide plate supporting said surface luminous film, said light guide plate being disposed between said light reducing film and said surface luminous film.

12. The artificial object according to claim 11, wherein a low refractive index layer having a refractive index smaller than that of the light guide plate is provided between the light reduction film and the light guide plate.

13. The luminance of the light emitted from the surface emitting film and transmitted through the light transmitting portion is 100 cd / m ２ ~1000 cd / m ２ The artificial object according to claim 1, 14. The artificial object according to claim 1, wherein the brightness of the light emitted from the surface-emitting film and transmitted through the light-transmitting portion is 7 to 70 times the brightness of the light reflected by the object and transmitted through the light-transmitting portion.

15. A film set including a light-reducing film and a surface-emitting film that can be applied to an artificial object having an internal space in which an object can be placed, wherein the artificial object has a light-transmitting section through which light can pass, the light-reducing film can be placed in the light-transmitting section, and the surface-emitting film can be placed in the light-transmitting section so as to emit light toward the opposite side of the internal space.

16. The film set of claim 1, wherein the light reduction film is a first polarizing film comprising a first polarizer.

17. The film set of claim 16, further comprising a second polarizing film including a second polarizer, wherein the second polarizing film is positionable in the internal space such that the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer and the absorption axis direction of the second polarizer intersect.

18. A film set according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the light-reducing film and the surface-emitting film can be positioned inside the light-transmitting portion, and the surface-emitting film can be positioned between the light-transmitting portion and the light-reducing film.

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