Optical device with golden ratio

Abstract

The present invention relates to an optical device comprising a main body and at least one arc-shaped positioning handle extending from one end of the main body. The at least one positioning handle is designed according to an ascending spiral in which each turn is distant from the origin by a ratio of Φ.

Description

[0001] "OPTICAL DEVICE WITH GOLDEN RATIO"

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003]

[0001] The present invention is part of the technical field of ophthalmology, more specifically to the field of lenses used in ophthalmic surgeries for the replacement of the crystalline lens (natural lens of the eye) affected by cataracts, and relates to an intraocular lens with characteristics that allow for better adaptation to both the capsular bag and the ciliary sulcus, and can also be fixed to the capsulohexis or sclera of the patient.

[0004] FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION

[0005]

[0002] The human eye is a sensory organ that provides the ability to perceive the world by forming images through reflected light. This is a complex process involving the capture and conversion of light into electrical signals, which are subsequently interpreted by the brain, using structures present in the eye. Roughly speaking, light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent tissue located in the front portion, passes through the iris, which regulates the amount of light through an opening known as the pupil, and reaches the lens, which acts as a true natural lens that allows light rays to be focused. These structures together allow light rays to be reflected and form, in healthy eyes, a focal point on the retina, where light-sensitive cells transform this information into electrical signals sent to the brain, which will interpret them as visual stimuli.

[0006]

[0003] Among the most common visual aberrations, cataracts are a disease that causes clouding of the lens, blurring vision and consequently reducing visual acuity. Cataracts typically develop slowly over time and are usually associated with aging. However, factors such as genetics, eye injuries, the use of certain medications, or even medical conditions can also trigger the development of cataracts.

[0004] Conventionally, this condition can be resolved or at least mitigated through the use of intraocular lenses (also called intraocular implants), which are implanted inside the patient's eye through ophthalmic surgery. These lenses are designed in various ways according to the patient's needs.They can replace the opaque natural lens, allowing light rays to pass through in patients with cataracts, and also correct specific visual distortions such as astigmatism, myopia, and presbyopia.

[0007]

[0005] An intraocular lens can be seen in document EP2501336B1, which describes an intraocular lens equipped with an optical body, two positioning handles and markings with non-continuous geometries to assist in its positioning during surgery.

[0008]

[0006] Another example of an intraocular lens can be seen in W020230022958A1, which describes a pinhole-type lens that uses an opaque mask arranged radially in its optical body.

[0009]

[0007] In cataract surgery, the eye's natural lens is removed to insert an intraocular lens in its place. In this surgery, a small incision is made in the cornea, through which it is possible to remove the natural lens and insert the intraocular lens. Conventionally, this lens is carefully positioned inside the capsular bag, which is a thin membrane that supports the natural lens and serves to provide stability and maintain its position.

[0010]

[0008] In general, intraocular lens insertion in cataract surgery is a procedure with a high success rate, considered quite safe and with a low risk of complications. However, this procedure is not entirely free of complications, as rupture of the capsular bag during lens insertion is possible. This is a serious complication in which this membrane ruptures or is damaged, caused by a number of reasons, such as the use of excessive pressure, trauma, or even an inherent weakness in the patient's eye. In general, rupture of the capsular bag during surgery significantly affects the success of the procedure and the patient's visual acuity.

[0011]

[0009] In these cases, the surgeon must assess the situation and decide on the best course of action, taking into account factors such as the extent of the rupture, the amount of remaining support of the capsular bag, the surgeon's experience, and the patient's individual circumstances.

[0012]

[0010] Among the techniques used, the use of secondary lenses, capsular tension rings, or even the fixation of a lens in the sclera stand out, which is a more complex surgical technique, requiring high skill from the surgeon.

[0013]

[0011] However, the most commonly used technique when the capsular bag ruptures is the insertion of an intraocular lens into the ciliary sulcus, which may or may not be fixed in the capsulorhexis, the opening made in the lens to access the cataract. However, it is not possible to use the intraocular lens that was originally intended for surgery, since it was designed based on the dimensions of the capsular bag, which are larger than those of the ciliary sulcus. Therefore, inserting the lens into a larger structure would cause a change in the positioning of its haptics, catastrophically altering the lens's properties, such as its ACD constant, axial displacement, angulation, and stability within the eye. For this reason, when using this technique, the surgeon needs to have an additional lens on hand when performing the surgical procedure, specifically designed for insertion into the ciliary sulcus.Typically, a three-piece lens specially designed for the patient's eye is used. Besides being more expensive, due to the need to have more than one lens model available, this makes the surgical procedure more complex.

[0012] Therefore, the current state of the art lacks a versatile intraocular lens that can be used in cases of capsular bag rupture without the need to use a second intraocular lens or an alternative surgical technique.

[0014] OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0015]

[0013] It is an objective of the present invention to provide an intraocular lens that can be used in cases of capsular bag rupture, and can be implanted in either the capsular bag or the ciliary sulcus without altering its optical properties.

[0016]

[0014] Furthermore, it is an objective of the present invention to provide an intraocular lens that makes cataract surgery simpler and more economical, eliminating the need for the surgeon to perform complex techniques in case of capsular bag rupture.

[0017] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0018]

[0015] The aforementioned objectives are achieved by means of an optical device comprising a main body and at least one arc-shaped positioning handle extending from one end of the main body, wherein the at least one positioning handle is designed in accordance with an ascending spiral, in which each quarter turn is distant from the origin by a ratio <t>.

[0019]

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the optical device comprises at least one capsulorhexis attachment tab disposed at the end of the main body, wherein, preferably, the device has two attachment tabs.

[0020]

[0017] In another embodiment of the present invention, the optical device further comprises at least one scleral fixation hole, preferably four holes. Said holes are preferably arranged in the capsulorhexis fixation tabs and at the ends of the positioning loops.

[0021] DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0022]

[0018] Preferred, but not limiting, embodiments of the present invention are represented in the accompanying figures, as briefly described below.

[0023]

[0019] Figure 1a shows a front view of an intraocular lens, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024]

[0020] Figure 1 b shows a side view of an intraocular lens, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025]

[0021] Figure 2 shows an ascending spiral constructed based on the golden ratio.

[0026]

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a lens whose dimensions are designed based on the golden ratio.

[0027]

[0023] Figure 4 illustrates a preferred, non-limiting embodiment of the intraocular lens of the present invention, comprising a main body with two positioning lugs.

[0028]

[0024] Figure 5 illustrates the behavior of an intraocular lens according to an embodiment of the present invention in different compression states.

[0029] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030]

[0025] According to the general concept of the present invention, an optical device, such as an intraocular lens or implant, is disclosed, having a main body of preferably circumferential shape and positioning loops designed so that its mechanical properties are maintained regardless of whether it is inserted into the capsular bag or the ciliary sulcus. This effect on the mechanical properties of the positioning loops can be obtained by using the concept of the golden ratio.

[0026] The golden ratio is a mathematical constant (π) that represents the relationship between two segments a and b of a line, such that the ratio between the smaller segment a and the larger segment b is equal to the ratio between the larger part and the whole. This relationship is represented by equation 1:

[0031] $ = — = - « 1,618 (1 ) ab v '

[0032]

[0027] This proportion can be found in natural patterns such as in the shells of some mollusks, in the flight of falcons, flowers and beehives, and is also used in the field of architecture and artistic design, as its proportions are considered aesthetically pleasing.

[0033]

[0028] A golden spiral is an upward spiral that expands at a constant rate, such that each quarter turn is distant from the origin by a factor proportional to the golden ratio. <P. Este padrão também pode ser visto na natureza, por exemplo, em perfis de galáxias e em conchas marítimas. Uma espiral deste tipo pode ser vista na figura 2.

[0034]

[0029] To create a golden spiral, draw a rectangle whose base-to-height ratio is equal to <P. O referido retângulo é dividido em um quadrado e um retângulo menor que possui a mesma razão que o retângulo original, isto é, <P. Esta divisão pode ser repetida indefinidamente, gerando múltiplos retângulos. A figura 2, por exemplo, ilustra um primeiro retângulo que possui uma base b8 + a8 e uma altura b8, sendo que as dimensões b8 e a8 são proporcionais à razão <t>This first rectangle is then divided into a square with side b8 and a second rectangle with height a7 and base b7 + a7 (this sum equals b8), where the dimensions b7 and a7 are also proportional to the ratio <t>The same pattern is repeated indefinitely, resulting in multiple golden squares and rectangles.

[0035]

[0030] To construct the spiral, simply draw an arc in each of the squares formed with a radius equal to the side of the corresponding square. Each of these arcs will be a quarter turn of the spiral, and the ratio between the radius of the successive quarter turn and the preceding one will be equal to the golden ratio (p. In this way, a spiral is constructed that follows the golden ratio in its growth.

[0036]

[0031] The present invention utilizes the concept of the golden ratio to design an intraocular lens that fits perfectly into both the capsular bag and the ciliary sulcus without compromising its performance, considering parameters such as its axial displacement and angulation variation. One embodiment of the present invention can be seen in Figure 1a, which illustrates an intraocular lens 1 having a main body 10 of preferably circumferential shape with a diameter d1. The end of the main body 10 has at least one positioning loop 2 in the shape of an arc. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intraocular lens has two positioning loops 2 whose ends are spaced a distance d2 apart, where d2 corresponds to the diameter of a circle concentric to the main body 10.In a non-limiting way, the intraocular lens 1 can be dimensioned having a main body 10 whose diameter d1 is 6 mm and the distance between loops d2 is 14.5 mm, when it is in an uncompressed state.

[0037]

[0032] At least one positioning handle 2 is designed based on the turns of a golden spiral. That is, at least one positioning handle is designed so that it has a shape that follows the turns of an ascending spiral. <t>in which each quarter turn is distant from the origin for a reason <t>.

[0038]

[0033] A schematic diagram illustrating how the intraocular lens 1 can be dimensioned based on the golden ratio is shown in Figure 3. In this figure, the main body 10 is projected inside a golden rectangle, with its center positioned on the side of the golden square formed inside the rectangle. The intraocular lens 1 is designed in such a way that its positioning handle 2 corresponds to the quarter turn of the spiral that passes through the golden square. Figure 3 shows merely illustrative values, which should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. In this figure, there is a graphical representation of a golden ratio, formed by a series of golden rectangles and squares. The main body has a diameter of 6 mm and is inserted in a rectangle with a base of 9.98 mm and a height of 6.32 mm, this rectangle being divided into a square whose side measures 6.32 mm.Through this square passes a quarter turn of the golden spiral formed by the set of golden squares of this proportion, in which the positioning handle 2 is designed in such a way that its shape is equivalent to the quarter turn of the spiral on which it is positioned.

[0039]

[0034] Figure 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the intraocular lens, comprising a main body 10 with at least one positioning loop 2. In this embodiment, there is at least one capsulorhexis fixation tab 3 disposed at at least one end of said main body 10. In a further preferred embodiment, the intraocular lens has two capsulorhexis fixation tabs 3. These tabs 3 are fixed to the capsulorhexis, which is a circular opening made in the anterior capsule of the natural lens during cataract surgery, and help to stabilize the intraocular lens, preventing its displacement within the eye. This results in better visual outcomes and can prevent, or at least minimize, potential complications such as tilt or decentration of the lens 1.

[0040]

[0035] Also according to Figure 4, the intraocular lens 1 can also be provided with at least one scleral fixation hole 4. In a preferred embodiment, the intraocular lens comprises four scleral fixation holes 4, two of which are arranged at the ends of the positioning loops 2 and two of which are arranged in the fixation tabs 3. These holes allow the intraocular lens to be sutured to the sclera, if necessary, providing greater stability and correct positioning.

[0036] Figure 5 shows the behavior of an intraocular lens 1 whose positioning loops 2 are designed based on the turns of a golden spiral in different compression states. This compression refers to the difference in dimensions between the capsular bag, a smaller structure, and the ciliary sulcus, a larger structure, causing the lens loops to be compressed to varying degrees depending on their position within the eye.In the example shown in Figure 5, the diameter d2 of the lens varies between a less compressed state, in which the diameter d2 is 13.5 mm, and a more compressed state, in which the diameter d2 is 9 mm.

[0041]

[0037] Through the characteristics described above, the optical device of the present invention guarantees significant advantages, allowing the surgical procedure to be performed in a much simpler and safer way. Its use allows the surgeon to perform the implant in both the capsular bag and the ciliary sulcus, thus making it easy to adapt to the specific needs of the procedure. This significantly reduces the risk of surgical complications, in addition to making the procedure more economical and simple.

[0042]

[0038] In addition, the optical device can be supplied with capsulorhexis fixation tabs and scleral fixation holes, which allow the surgeon, if necessary, to alternatively use the techniques of inserting the lens into the ciliary sulcus with or without the aid of capsulorhexis fixation or scleral suturing, making the lens even more versatile.

[0043]

[0039] Finally, it is also important to emphasize that the description above is intended solely to exemplify a particular embodiment of the invention in question. Therefore, it is clear that modifications, variations, and constructive combinations of the elements that perform the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results remain within the scope of protection delimited by the appended claims.< / t> < / t> < / t> < / t> < / t>

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Optical device (1) comprising: a main body (10); and at least one arc-shaped positioning handle (2) extending from one end of the main body (10); CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one positioning handle (2) is designed in accordance with an ascending spiral in which each quarter turn is distant from the origin at a ratio <t>.

2. Optical device (1), according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the ratio <t>It is obtained by: where an + bn is the base of a golden rectangle, and bn is the height of a golden rectangle.

3. Optical device (1), according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises two arc-shaped positioning handles (2).

4. Optical device (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises at least one capsulorhexis attachment tab (3) disposed at the end of the main body.

5. Optical device (1), according to claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that it preferably comprises two capsulorhexis attachment tabs (3).

6. Optical device (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises at least one scleral fixation hole (4).

7. Optical device (1), according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that it preferably comprises four scleral fixation holes (4); wherein two holes are arranged in the capsulorhexis fixation tabs (3); and wherein two holes are arranged in the ends of the fixation loops (2).< / t> < / t>

Images