Photovoltaic panel structure comprising a device for adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure also comprising a locking device which is arranged between the movable frame and the base in order to stabilise the movable frame with respect to the base in at least two separate positions and comprises a stabilising member (12) comprising a first connecting element (121) which is housed in at least two second connecting elements (102) of the base that are more or less distant from the first axis. A second locking member (13) is configured to block, in a locking position, the first connecting element in one of the at least two second connecting elements.

Description

DESCRIPTION Title: Photovoltaic panel structure including a photovoltaic panel orientation adjustment device. technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panels or solar panels, and more particularly to a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows the panel's tilt to be adjusted in order to optimize sunlight exposure at various times of the year, for example, throughout the four seasons, and / or to be installed on various supports with different tilt angles, such as on a wall, on the ground, or on a roof. The present invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising this type of support structure and a photovoltaic panel. Technological background

[0002] A photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electricity. It is composed of photovoltaic cells that capture photons from sunlight and generate an electric current through the photovoltaic effect. This electricity can then be used to power electrical appliances, stored in batteries for later use, or fed into the electrical grid. Photovoltaic panels are a sustainable and renewable solution for producing energy, thus reducing dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] The orientation of photovoltaic panels is crucial to maximizing their efficiency. To capture the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day, the panels must be optimally oriented relative to the sun's path. In the Northern Hemisphere, this generally means a south-facing orientation, as this allows the panels to receive the most direct sunlight possible. The tilt of the panels, which depend on latitude, must also be adjusted to optimize the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, thus maximizing electricity production.

[0004] The importance of this orientation lies in the fact that the amount of solar energy captured varies with the angle and position of the sun in the sky. Incorrect orientation or tilt of the panels can significantly reduce their energy output, as they will not receive enough direct sunlight. By optimizing the orientation and tilt of the photovoltaic panel, maximum absorption of solar energy is ensured throughout the year, including during seasons when the sun is lower in the sky. This guarantees stable and efficient electricity production, making the installation of photovoltaic panels more effective and cost-efficient.

[0005] Photovoltaic panels can be installed on various types of surfaces, each with its own specific requirements regarding tilt. Therefore, different installation scenarios must be considered for a photovoltaic panel depending on the type of surface on which it is installed.

[0006] A photovoltaic panel is, for example, installed on one of the surfaces listed below, the surface having a specific angle relative to the ground:

[0007] • A pitched roof, this type of installation being common in residential buildings and often well-suited for photovoltaic systems. The roof's pitch largely determines the angle of the panels. Generally, pitched roofs have a slope of 15 to 45 degrees. The optimal angle for the panels is close to the roof's pitch, often adjusted slightly to optimize production according to latitude.

[0008] • A flat roof, used for example for commercial, industrial and residential buildings. On these flat roofs, the panels are generally mounted on structures that tilt them at approximately 10 to 15 degrees.

[0009] • Directly on the ground, for example for photovoltaic power plants, generally installed in undeveloped areas, industrial wastelands or on agricultural land. The panels are mounted on inclined structures generally between 20 and 30 degrees, depending on the latitude and local conditions.

[0010] • On building facades, the panels are, for example, integrated directly into the building facades. The surface area is then often vertical or close to vertical (90 degrees). This configuration is less optimal in terms of energy production compared to rooftops, but it can be useful in high-density urban areas.

[0011] • On transport infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, metro or train stations. The inclination of the landing surface varies depending on the specific structure.

[0012] The optimal tilt of a photovoltaic panel relative to a horizontal plane also depends on the latitude at which the photovoltaic panel is installed. Therefore, the optimal orientation of a photovoltaic panel based on its latitude follows these recommendations: • a tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel of 10 to 20° for a low latitude, i.e. between 0 and 23.5°; • an angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel close to the inclination of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude between 23.5 and 50°; • an angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel greater than the inclination of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude greater than 50°, so as to maximize the exposure of the photovoltaic panel during the winter months when the sun is low on the horizon.

[0013] It is therefore essential to follow these recommended tilt angles to optimize the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, regardless of the surface area. Additionally, the orientation of the photovoltaic panel should be adjusted according to the seasons.

[0014] The photovoltaic panel support structures described in the following documents are known: FR3112912; US9166525; CN214315144; CN209389991; US2024 / 0007043; CN113595486; CN 112046326; FR3079090; US8176693; FR3056363; US9553544; and CN115913077. These photovoltaic panel support structures comprise a base that is fixed to a receiving surface, for example, one of those mentioned above, and a movable frame that pivots relative to the base, a device adjustment allowing the mobile frame to be fixed relative to the base according to two or more angular positions. Summary of the present invention

[0015] The present invention addresses the technological background problems described above by designing a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows a photovoltaic panel to be mounted on various types of supports with different orientations, while also allowing optimal adjustment of the panel's tilt relative to the vertical, thus enabling optimal use of the photovoltaic panel. Compared to existing solutions described in the aforementioned prior documents, this photovoltaic panel support structure is simple in design, easy to use, and readily adaptable to allow modification of the angular position between the base and the mobile frame in more than two positions.

[0016] To this end, the invention relates firstly to a photovoltaic panel support structure comprising: - a base defining a reference plane, the base being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame defining an assembly plan, the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel; - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame and the base to mount the mobile frame in rotation around a first axis on the base, the first axis being parallel to the reference and mounting planes; and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame and the base, the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame relative to the base according to at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane and the mounting plane. According to the invention, the locking device comprises: - an elongated stabilizing element, a second pivot joint being arranged between the moving frame and the stabilizing element to mount in rotation around a second axis the stabilizing organ on the mobile frame, the second axis being parallel to the first axis, the stabilizing organ comprising at a distal end of the second axis a first connecting element; - a first locking device attached to the base and defining a third axis not parallel to the first axis and comprising at least two second connection elements, complementary to the first connection element, defined according to different positions more or less distant from the first axis and configured to receive the first connection element; - a second locking member, a sliding link being arranged between the second locking member and the first locking member to translate said second locking member along the third axis into a locked position or into an unlocked position, said second locking member being configured to: • to lock, in the locked position, the first connection element in one of the at least two second connection elements receiving it, and • release, in the unlocked position, the first connection element from the second connection element receiving it.

[0017] This type of structure allows for adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel for any surface, with the mounting surface defining the surface of the support onto which the base is fixed. The locking mechanism secures the structure in various adjustment positions, preventing any unwanted changes to the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, which is defined by the angle between the reference plane and the mounting surface.

[0018] According to a first advantageous embodiment, the mobile frame includes a third connecting element, which is configured to receive a fourth connecting element fixed to the second locking member when the reference and mounting planes form a minimal angle. The third connecting element is locked into the fourth connecting element when the second locking member is in the locked position and free when the second locking member is in the unlocked position. The third and fourth connecting elements thus allow for an additional panel orientation. In a photovoltaic system where the reference and mounting planes are as close as possible, or even coincide, this configuration facilitates transport of the structure, as it is in a folded position, while maintaining it in this position to prevent any risk of opening the angle formed between the reference plane and the mounting plane, as well as any risk of collision between different elements of the structure.

[0019] According to a second advantageous embodiment, the mobile frame includes a third connecting element, which is configured to insert into a second connecting element when the reference and mounting planes form a minimal angle. The third connecting element is locked into the second connecting element when the second locking mechanism is in the locked position and free when the second locking mechanism is in the unlocked position. The advantages are similar to those presented previously, with the added benefit of sharing a structural element, as a second connecting element can accommodate either the first or the third connecting element.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, the second locking element includes a pull tab configured to allow manipulation of the second locking element by a user. The pull tab thus allows the user to easily move the second locking element to lock or release the first connecting element during an operation to adjust the tilt of the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] According to an advantageous embodiment, the third axis is parallel to the reference plane and normal to the first axis.

[0022] In an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a retaining element configured to hold the second locking member in the locked position. This retaining element prevents any unintentional displacement of the second locking member.

[0023] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a return element configured to bring the second locking member to the locked position. Thus, when the user has finished adjusting the tilt of the photovoltaic panel via the adjustment of the angle between the base and the mobile frame, the locking is again effective without additional operation, the second locking element automatically returning to the locked position.

[0024] In an advantageous embodiment, the stabilizing element is a rod with a circular cross-section. Such a rod is particularly easy to manufacture and economical.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises openings onto a bearing surface, the bearing surface being parallel to the reference plane, configured to allow the passage of fastening elements. The base can thus be securely fixed to the receiving surface, for example by means of screws or bolts.

[0026] In an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a ballast element configured to be anchored to the base. This ballast element allows the structure to be placed on the ground without the use of fasteners that could damage the surface. The structure is thus easily movable.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, mechanical stops are configured to limit the travel of the second locking member relative to the first locking member. The second locking member is thus captive. This also allows the user to easily feel, during operation, when the second locking member reaches the locked and unlocked positions.

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment, the first locking member comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis, the at least two secondary connecting elements consisting of notches arranged at different positions along the profile. The first connecting element consists of a rod configured to engage in one of the at least two notches. The second locking member comprises a bar extending along the third axis and mounted as a slide along said third axis relative to the profile. The bar comprises at least two fingers configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position. Such elements can thus be made using various components such as sheet metal and / or profiles, thereby enabling large-scale, industrialized production of elements that are both reproducible and cost-effective.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises at least one fifth connecting element and the mobile frame comprises at least one sixth connecting element, the at least fifth and sixth connecting elements being complementary and configured to removably mount and lock the mobile frame onto the base, thus constituting the first pivot joint along the first axis during said mounting. Other embodiments could be envisaged with a permanent pivot joint along the first axis between the mobile frame and the base, in which case the mobile frame and the base would remain assembled together at the level of said first pivot joint.

[0030] The invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising the structure according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel fixed to the mobile frame.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment, the photovoltaic installation includes an inverter electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel via a junction box. The inverter is then sized according to, among other things, the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic panel.

[0032] Thus, thanks to all the functional and structural technical characteristics of the present invention, we have a photovoltaic panel support structure or even a solid photovoltaic installation, suitable for installation on different reception surfaces with varied inclinations and easy handling allowing the inclination of the photovoltaic panel to be adjusted optimally regardless of the season. Brief description of the figures

[0033] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description below, with reference to the attached Figures 1 to 14, which illustrate various embodiments without being limiting in any way and on which: - Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention, in a first embodiment; and - [Fig.2] represents a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in figure 1; - [Fig.3] represents the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 in different configurations; - [Fig.4] represents an exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in figure 1; - [Fig.5] represents a perspective view of part of the base of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig. 6] represents a cross-sectional view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.7] represents different views describing a kinematic of the elements of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 to go from a locked position to an unlocked position; - [Fig.8] represents a cross-sectional view of part of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 in a folded configuration; - [Fig.9] represents a perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 including a ballast; - [Fig.10] represents a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in figure 9; - [Fig.11] represents a view from below of the ballast element of figure 9; - [Fig.12] represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention, according to a second embodiment; - [Fig. 13] represents a perspective view of part of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 12 in a folded configuration; and - [Fig.14] represents a perspective view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation of figure 12. Description of examples of achievements

[0034] Examples of photovoltaic installations will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 14. A first example of the construction of a support structure for A photovoltaic panel is described in particular with reference to figures 1 to 11 and a second example of the realization of a photovoltaic panel support structure is described with reference to figures 12 to 14.

[0035] Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention, according to a first embodiment.

[0036] The photovoltaic panel support structure 1 comprises a base 10 defining a reference plane PO, the base 10 being configured to be mounted on a mounting surface (not shown) whose inclination with respect to a vertical axis varies, the mounting surface belonging to a support such as the ground, a terrace, a vertical wall, a sloping wall, a pitched roof or a flat roof. To this end, the base 10 includes, as illustrated in Figure 1, openings 104 allowing the passage of fasteners such as screws or bolts for fixing to the support, and a bearing surface 103 under the base 10 bearing against a surface of the support, hereinafter referred to as the mounting surface. Note that passages 109 are also made in the base 10 opposite the orifices 104 so as to allow a screw head to pass through, for example, when the base 10 includes several surfaces through which the fixing elements pass.The reference plane PO is then defined by the support surface 103. It should be noted that other fixing methods are also possible, such as, for example, clamps for securing the base 10 to the support. The base 10 can be made up of several parts, assembled together or not and fixed to the receiving surface, or of a single part fixed to the receiving surface.

[0037] The base 10 further includes means for receiving a movable frame 11, for example, openings 108 illustrated in Figure 5 and made in two separate locations so as to receive respectively a first hinge 11b and a second hinge 11c arranged on the movable frame 11 to form a pivot joint between the base 10 and the movable frame 11, the relative position of the two openings 108 defining a first axis A1 of rotation of the movable frame 11 around the base 10. The base 10 includes, for example, a part extending longitudinally and connecting the two openings 108, Figure 5 showing in particular this part as a U, the openings 108 being made in the folded parts of this U. Fins 106 are in particular arranged on the base 10 and mounted in translation on the latter by means, for example, of two pins inserted in oblong-shaped housings, so as to close the openings 108, thus allowing the first and second hinges 11b, 11c to be locked in the openings 108 once the mobile frame is assembled on the base 10. Optionally, return elements such as springs 107 are positioned between the base 10 and each fin 106 in order to return each fin 106 to its locking position, thus ensuring that the first and second hinges 11b, 11c are held securely in position. The first and second hinges 11b, 11c are here additional elements mounted on the mobile frame 11, for example fixed by crimping or screwing.According to other examples of implementation, it is possible to make them in a single element, or to integrate them directly into the main body of the mobile frame 11, for example via machining or by using a main body of the mobile frame made of a thermoplastic material and obtained by molding.

[0038] Figure 2 shows a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation. In this example, the mobile frame 11 includes a frame 11a, which is configured to receive a photovoltaic panel 100. In an alternative embodiment, this frame 11a can be an integral part of the photovoltaic panel 100. The frame 11a has a receiving surface 111 suitable for supporting the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100. The lateral surfaces 1002 of the photovoltaic panel 100 are then inserted between the inner lateral surfaces 113 of the mobile frame 11 so as to laterally hold the photovoltaic panel 100 within the frame 11a. Note that the functional surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, i.e., the surface containing the photovoltaic cells, is the upper surface 1003 of the photovoltaic panel 100.Frame 11a, for example, is made from metal angle brackets, which are butted, welded or bent in several places, corresponding to the corners of frame 11a, at right angles.

[0039] It should be noted that the first axis A1 is parallel to both the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1. The rotation of the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 around this The first axis A1 has the effect of linearly varying the angle between the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1. In order to set or adjust this angle between these two planes, a locking device is arranged between the mobile frame 11 and the base 10, the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 according to at least two angular positions defined between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1.

[0040] The locking device comprises several elements, including an elongated stabilizing member 12, which is mounted on the movable frame 11 via a first shoe 12a and a second shoe 12b. The stabilizing member 12 is connected to each of these shoes 12a, 12b via a pivot joint, the pivot joints being coaxial about a second axis of rotation A2. The stabilizing member 12 is then free to rotate about the second axis A2 and, when the shoes 12a, 12b are fixed to the movable frame 11, is free to rotate relative to the movable frame 11 about the second axis A2.In an alternative embodiment, it is possible to provide a plurality of holes on each shoe 12a, 12b into which the ends of the stabilizing member 12 are inserted so as to offer the possibility of modifying the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis A1, having the advantageous effect of multiplying the number of angle values ​​a of inclination of the mounting plane P1 relative to the reference plane PO.

[0041] The brackets 12a, 12b are, for example, positioned midway between two opposing uprights of the frame 11a, so as to make the first and second axes A1, A2 parallel. The shape of the brackets 12a, 12b prevents deformation of the frame 11a when tightening the screws that secure the brackets 12a, 12b, if necessary. However, their position relative to the uprights of the frame 11a is not limited to this midway position; indeed, the main constraint is to obtain parallel axes A1, A2 and to allow adjustment of the angle of inclination of the mounting plane P1 relative to the reference plane PO, denoted a, which varies according to: • the relative position of the hinges 11b, 11c on the base 10, therefore the position of the first axis A1, • the relative position of the shoes 12a, 12b on the upright of the mobile frame 11, therefore the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis A1, a length Li separating the first axis A1 of the second axis A2, a plurality of positions being possible, according to other embodiment examples, for example by means of a sliding connection and clamping of the shoes 12a, 12b on the mobile frame 11 or by making several tapped holes in the mobile frame 11, • of a length of the stabilizing element 12, denoted L2, • of a position of one end of the stabilizing organ 12 distal to the second axis A2 relative to the base 10, the distance between this position and that of the first axis A1 being noted L3.

[0042] Indeed, the distal end of the stabilizing member 12 of the second axis A2 includes a first connecting element 121. In order to position this end relative to the base 10 and thus adjust the angle α between the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1, a first locking member 101 attached to the base 10 includes several second connecting elements 102, complementary to the first connecting element 121, defined according to different positions more or less distant from the first axis A1 and configured to each receive the first connecting element 121. The second connecting elements 102 are, for example, aligned along a third axis A3 normal to the first axis A1, and distributed regularly along this third axis A3 or in such a way as to define a set of angle values, the value of the angle α between the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1 belonging to this set of angle values.Thus the second connection elements allow the connection element 121 to be positioned at a determined distance from the first axis A1, this distance being included in a set of values ​​corresponding to the distances separating each of the second connection elements 102 from the first axis A1.

[0043] Depending on the second connection element 102 in which the connection element 121 is positioned, the angle α between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 varies. Figure 3 thus shows different configurations, including: • a configuration 'A', the value of the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 being equal to 0°, i.e. in which the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1 are parallel, • a 'B' configuration, the value of the angle between the PO reference plane and the plane of assembly P1 being equal to 30°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102 furthest from the first axis A1, • a 'C' configuration, the value of the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 being equal to 40°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102 which is the second furthest from the first axis A1, • a 'D' configuration, the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 being equal to 50°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102 that is the second closest to the first axis A1, and • an 'E' configuration, the value of the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 being equal to 60°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102 closest to the first axis A1.

[0044] The set of angle values ​​then includes, according to the example illustrated in Figure 3, the following values: {30°; 40°; 50°; 60°}. Of course, other values ​​are possible, by translating or adding one of the second connecting elements 102 along the third axis A3.

[0045] Thus, according to the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the photovoltaic installation has five possible tilt settings, four of which are defined by the position of the first connection element in one of the second connection elements 102 of the base 10.

[0046] To hold the first connecting element 121 within a second connecting element 102, the locking device includes a second locking member 13 positioned relative to the first locking member 101 to form a sliding connection between the second locking member 13 and the first locking member 101. The second locking member 13 then translates along the third axis A3, its stroke being defined between a locked position and an unlocked position. The second locking member 13 is thus configured to: • to lock, in the locked position, the first connecting element 121 in one of the second connecting elements 102 receiving it, and • release, in the unlocked position, the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102 receiving it.

[0047] Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1. It distinguishes the different elements of the locking device. In the example illustrated, the first locking member 101 comprises a rectangular profile extending longitudinally along the third axis A3. The second connecting members 102 consist of notches arranged at different positions along the profile. The stabilizing member 12 is a circular rod consisting of a shaft with a roughly V-shaped profile and a flattened apex in its central portion. This central portion constitutes the first connecting member 121, and the central portion of the shaft is configured to engage in one of the notches.The second locking member 13 comprises a bar extending along the third axis A3 and mounted to slide along the third axis A3 relative to the profile. The bar includes four fingers 132 configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position. The number of fingers 132 is equal to the number of second connecting elements 102, each finger 132 cooperating with a second connecting element 102. Thanks to the second locking member positioned in the locked position, it is not possible to disengage the first connecting element 121 from the second connecting element 102 in which it is engaged, even by applying a tensile force to the first connecting element 121, for example, directly via the stabilizing member 12 or indirectly by moving the movable frame 11 away from the first locking member 101.Thus, neither gravity nor wind, for example, are able to disengage the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102 and thus change the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel 100 mounted on the mobile frame 11.

[0048] It should be noted that, according to this example, the second connecting elements 102 are made directly in the main body of the first locking member 101. However, it is possible, according to other embodiments, to provide second connecting elements 102 added to the main body of the first locking member 101, these second connecting elements 102 being, for example, identical and fixed to the main body of the first locking member 101 by screwing or crimping, thus allowing for standardization of the device's construction. locking while allowing great flexibility in the realization of different variants of the photovoltaic installation.

[0049] To prevent any unwanted movement of the second locking member 13 relative to the first locking member 101, a retaining element 14 is optionally added. This retaining element 14 serves to hold the second locking member 13 in the locked position.

[0050] Note that slots 136 are made in the second locking member 13 to allow passage of the fastening means for attaching the photovoltaic installation to the support. The slots 136 are positioned opposite the openings 104 and any passages 109 when the second locking member 13 is in the locked position, the openings 104 and passages 109 being made in the first locking member 101.

[0051] Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1, in which the retaining element 14 mounted in the first locking member 101 behind the second locking member 13 can be distinguished. In order to avoid losing this retaining element 14, a crimping pin 16 is inserted so as to crimp the retaining element in the first locking member 101, preventing any translation of the retaining element 14 relative to the first locking member 101.

[0052] Figure 7 shows different views illustrating the kinematics of the photovoltaic installation elements in Figure 1 as they transition from a locked to an unlocked position. The first locking device is shown in cross-section, with the cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the reference plane PO and including the third axis A3, thus revealing the kinematics occurring within the first locking device 101. The views are arranged vertically to follow an unlocking sequence comprising steps E1, E2, E2, and E4.

[0053] Initially, that is, during the first step E1, the first connecting element 121 is positioned within a second connecting element 102. The second locking member 13 is in the locked position, that is, translated as far as it will go towards the first axis A1. In this position, the fingers 132 of the second locking member 13 are positioned to close off the second connecting elements 102. One of the fingers 132 is thus interposed between the first connecting element 121 and a second connecting element 102, into which it is engaged. The retaining element 14 is partially pressed against the second locking member 13, pressing against a first stop 134 of the second locking member 13, preventing its translation along the third axis A3.

[0054] In order to unlock the first connecting element 121, in a second step E2, a user exerts a force F1 on a bearing surface 141 located at one end of the retaining element 14, this end protruding from the first locking member 101. The retaining element 14 bends in a curvature zone 142 so as to move away from the first stop 134, thus releasing the second locking member to allow it to translate along the third axis A3.

[0055] In a third step E3, the user exerts a pulling force F2 on a pull tab 133 attached to the second locking member 13. The retaining element 14 being folded, it does not oppose the translation of the second locking member 13, which thus moves away from the first axis A1 to reach the unlocked position. This position is reached when a second stop 135 of the second locking member 13 meets the curvature zone 142 of the retaining element 14, and opens the second connecting elements 102, thus releasing the first connecting element 121. When the second locking member 13 is translated into the unlocked position, the elastic retaining element 14 remains pressed against the second locking member 13, waiting to return to its initial position when the second retaining member 13 has returned to the locked position.

[0056] In a fourth step E4, the user exerts a tensile force F3 on the stabilizing element 12, for example by manipulating it directly or as a result of manipulating the photovoltaic panel 100 or the mobile frame 11 to which it is attached via the pivot connection made using the shoes 12a, 12b, in order to extract the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102.

[0057] The user can then subsequently position the first connecting element 121 within a second connecting element 102 to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 100, and then push the second locking member 13 into its locked position. The retaining element 14 then returns to its rest position thanks to the spring effect of this retaining element 14, again blocking any translation of the second locking member 13 along the third axis A3. This retaining element 14 is preferably implemented by means of a flexible strip that is curved and folded to give it the shape illustrated, for example, in Figure 7, said shape enabling this spring effect.

[0058] According to another variant not illustrated, the retaining element 14 is replaced by any other locking means known to a person skilled in the art, for example by means of a pin inserted through the base 10 and the second locking member 13.

[0059] Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure 1 according to a second embodiment. In this particular embodiment, the first locking member 101 consists of a U-shaped profile open at the top. The shape of the fingers 132 of the second locking member 13 differs from that shown previously because the first locking member 101 does not have a bearing surface against which a finger 132 would bear; therefore, these fingers are made to be more rigid than those shown in the first embodiment.

[0060] Figure 14 shows a perspective view of part of the locking device for the photovoltaic installation according to the variant shown opposite Figure 12. In this variant, no retaining element is used; it is replaced by a return element 15, which in this case consists of a tension spring. attached on one side to a first rod 110 integral with the first locking member 101 and on the other side to a second rod 137 integral with the second locking member 13. Step E2 is then eliminated, as the second locking member is not blocked in translation along the third axis A3. Similarly, the transition of the second locking member 13 from the unlocked to the locked position occurs automatically without user intervention. Of course, in the embodiment described previously with reference to Figures 1 to 11, it would be possible to provide a return element similar to that of Figure 12, in addition to the retaining element 14.

[0061] Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of part of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1 in a folded configuration. This corresponds to configuration 'A' shown opposite Figure 3, in which the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 form a minimal angle. This configuration differs from the other configurations because maintaining the angle between the mounting plane P1 in this position and the reference plane PO is not ensured by inserting the first connecting element 121 into a second connecting element 102.

[0062] Indeed, the mobile frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112, which is configured to receive a fourth connecting element 131 attached to the second locking member 13 when the reference planes PO and P1 form the minimum angle and the second locking member 13 is in the locked position. The third connecting element 112 is then locked into the fourth connecting element 131 when the second locking member 13 is in the locked position and free when the second locking member 13 is in the unlocked position. In this example, the third connecting element 112 defines a female part into which the fourth connecting element 131 engages.

[0063] This technical solution has the advantage of combining the locking mechanism, allowing the user to lock and unlock the mobile frame 11 in position relative to the base 10 by following the same steps as those shown opposite Figure 7. The fourth connection element 112 is here an element reported on frame 11a of mobile frame 11, however other embodiments are conceivable in order for example to integrate this function directly into frame 11a.

[0064] In this example, the stabilizing element is positioned between the third connecting element 112 and the fourth connecting element 131, thus keeping the stabilizing element 12 at a distance from the photovoltaic panel 100 to prevent any collision between the stabilizing element 12 and the photovoltaic panel 100. This configuration is ideal for transporting the photovoltaic system, as it is in a compact folded position. Keeping the stabilizing element 12 away from the photovoltaic panel 100 prevents damage to the panel 100 in the event of impacts between the panel and the stabilizing element 12, which is important because the back face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel is often very fragile.

[0065] According to another particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 13, the movable frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112, which is configured to fit into a second connecting element 102 when the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1 form the minimum angle, the third connecting element 112 being locked in the second connecting element 102 when the second locking member 13 is in the locking position and free when the second locking member 13 is in the unlocking position.

[0066] This technical solution has the advantage of sharing a second locking element 102 for two configurations, corresponding for example to configuration 'A' and configuration 'E'. For this to work, it is necessary, for example, to make the third connecting element 112 so as to obtain the same functional surfaces as those of the first connecting element 121, for example by making a rod of the same outside diameter.

[0067] Optionally, in order to be able to place the solar installation on the ground for example, without fixing it to the support, a ballast element 17 is added to the structure 1.

[0068] Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1, including such a ballast element 17. The ballast element 17 is specifically configured to be anchored to the base 10 of the structure 1, thus replacing the support to which the structure 1 is fixed. The ballast element 17 is, for example, made of a high-density solid material, such as metal, concrete, or a high-density composite. In other variations, it consists of a casing filled with another material, such as water or sand, allowing a photovoltaic installer to easily transport the empty and therefore lightweight ballast element 17 and then fill it with this other material once installed.

[0069] Figure 10 shows a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 8. In this example, the ballast element 17 has bosses 174 distributed on either side of a groove 173, which forms the mounting surface for the support and against which the bearing surface 103 of the base 10 rests. Holes 175 are positioned in this groove 173, configured to receive the fasteners for attaching the base 10 to the ballast element 17. These holes are, for example, through or threaded to allow the base 10 and the ballast element 17 to be assembled with a specific type of fastener. In particular, these holes 175 are positioned so that they are aligned with the holes 104 when the base 10 is placed on the ballast element 17.

[0070] Figure 11 shows a bottom view of the ballast element of Figure 8. According to a particular embodiment, the ballast element 17 includes pads 171 positioned on its rear face, which allow, for example, runoff water to pass under the ballast element 17. The number of pads 171 is determined so as, for example, to avoid puncturing a second support on which the ballast element 17 is placed, for example to avoid perforating a waterproofing membrane placed on a roof terrace.

[0071] Between the 171 posts appear grooves 172, these allow for example the passage of an electrical cable, which allows the photovoltaic installation to be electrically connected to an electrical network.

[0072] According to another variant not shown, the rear face of the ballast element 17 is solid so as to maximize the bearing surface of the ballast element 17 on a support.

[0073] According to a particular embodiment illustrated in particular in figure 1, the photovoltaic installation includes the structure 1, a photovoltaic panel 100 fixed to the mobile frame 11 of the structure 1 and an inverter 200 electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 100 via a junction box 300.

[0074] The junction box is for example glued to the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100, is connected in input to the photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic panel 100 and is connected in output to the inverter 200 via two electrical wires, the two electrical wires carrying a direct current when the photovoltaic panel receives solar radiation on its front face 1003.

[0075] The inverter 200 is, for example, a micro-inverter, configured to be connected to the photovoltaic panel 100 via the junction box 300. Optionally, the inverter 200 is also connected to other photovoltaic installations of the same type, the latter not having an inverter 200, the inverter 200 being shared for several juxtaposed photovoltaic installations for example.

[0076] The inverter 200 is for example fixed to the base 10 by means of fixing elements, for example via the passages 105 made in the base 10 and visible in particular in figure 5.

[0077] Such a photovoltaic installation is therefore easy to install on various supports with different inclinations. The inclination of the photovoltaic panel in this installation is then easily adjustable, an angle between a reference plane associated with the base of the photovoltaic panel support structure and a mounting plane of the photovoltaic panel being defined using a simple, intuitive and secure adjustment method. A user is thus able to place such a photovoltaic installation on a support of their choice and adapt the photovoltaic panel support structure in order to ideally adjust the tilt of the photovoltaic panel according to the season for example.

[0078] The invention is not limited, however, to the configurations and embodiments described above, but extends to any photovoltaic installation equipped with a photovoltaic panel support structure as presented above.

[0079] It should be noted that this detailed description relates to two particular embodiments of the present invention, but in no way does this description limit the scope of the invention; on the contrary, its purpose is to remove any possible inaccuracy or misinterpretation of the following claims.

[0080] It should also be noted that the reference signs placed in parentheses in the following claims are in no way intended to be limiting; these signs are solely intended to improve the intelligibility and understanding of the following claims and the scope of the protection sought.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Photovoltaic panel support structure (1), which includes: - a base (10) defining a reference plane (PO), the base (10) being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame (11) defining a mounting plan (P1), the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel (100); - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10) to mount the mobile frame (11) in rotation around a first axis (A1) on the base (10), the first axis (A1) being parallel to the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (P1); and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10), the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame (11) relative to the base (10) in at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane (PO) and the mounting plane (P1); the structure (1) being characterized in that the locking device comprises: - a stabilizing member (12) of elongated shape, a second pivot joint being arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the stabilizing member (12) to mount in rotation around a second axis (A2) the stabilizing member (12) on the mobile frame (11), the second axis (A2) being parallel to the first axis (A1) and distant from it, the stabilizing member comprising at a distal end of the second axis (A2) a first connection element (121); - a first locking member (101) attached to the base (10) and defining a third axis (A3) not parallel to the first axis (A1) and comprising at least two second connection elements (102), complementary to the first connection element (121), defined according to different positions more or less distant from the first axis (A1) and configured to receive the first connection element (121); - a second locking member (13), a sliding link being arranged between the second locking member (13) and the first locking member (101) to translate said second locking member (13) along the third axis (A3) into a locked position or into an unlocked position, said second locking member (13) being configured to: • to lock, in the locked position, the first connecting element (121) in one of the at least two second connecting elements (102) receiving it, and • release, in the unlocked position, the first connection element (121) from the second connection element (102) receiving it.

2. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112), which is configured to receive a fourth connecting element (131) integral with the second locking member (13) when the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (P1) form a minimum angle, the third connecting element (112) being locked in the fourth connecting element (131) when the second locking member (13) is in the locking position and free when the second locking member (13) is in the unlocking position.

3. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112), which is configured to fit into a second connecting element (102) when the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (P1) form a minimum angle, the third connecting element (112) being locked in the second connecting element (102) when the second locking member (13) is in the locking position and free when the second locking member (13) is in the unlocking position.

4. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second locking member (13) comprises a pull tab (133) configured to permit manipulation of the second locking member (13) by a user.

5. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the third axis (A3) is parallel to the reference plane (PO) and normal to the first axis (A1).

6. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which includes a retaining element (14) configured to retain the second locking member (13) in the locked position.

7. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which includes a return element (15) configured to bring the second locking member (13) to the locking position.

8. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the stabilizing member (12) is a rod of circular cross-section.

9. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the base (10) comprises orifices (104) opening onto a bearing surface (103), the bearing surface (103) being parallel to the reference plane (PO), said orifices (104) being configured to allow the passage of fastening elements.

10. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which includes a ballast element (17) configured to be moored to the base (10).

11. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein mechanical stops are configured to limit the stroke of the second locking member (13) relative to the first locking member (10b).

12. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first locking member (101) comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis (A3), the at least two second connecting members (102) being made up of notches arranged at different positions along the profile, the first connecting member (121) being made up of a rod configured to engage in one or the other of the at least two notches, the second locking member (13) comprising a bar extending along the third axis (A3) and mounted in a slide along said third axis (A3) relative to the profile, the bar comprising at least two fingers (132) configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position.

13. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the base (10) comprises at least one fifth connecting element (106, 107, 108) and the mobile frame (11) comprises at least one sixth connecting element (11b, 11c), the at least one fifth connecting element and the at least one sixth connecting element being complementary and configured to mount and removably lock the mobile frame onto the base by constituting said first pivot connection along the first axis (A1), during said mounting.

14. Photovoltaic installation comprising the structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel (100) fixed to the mobile frame (11).

15. Installation according to claim 14, which includes an inverter (200) electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (100) via a junction box (300).

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