A segmental retaining wall system comprising e-shaped, c-shaped and ec-shaped geoblocks

Abstract

A segmental retaining wall system (1) comprises a wall (10) constructed of a plurality of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) being assembled in an array of superimposed rows. The array comprises alternating rows of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in a first orientation (x) and in a second orientation (y), in which the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) interlock with the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Each of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) comprises a base portion (110, 210, 310), and a plurality of protrusions (120, 220, 320) extending upwardly from the base portion. The protrusions (120, 220, 320) are equidistantly spaced apart, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions.

Description

[0001] A SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL SYSTEM COMPRISING E-SHAPED, C- SHAPED AND EC-SHAPED GEOBLOCKS

[0002] Field of Invention

[0003] The invention relates to a retaining wall system, or more particularly, a segmental retaining wall system. Particularly, the segmental retaining wall system comprises at least an array of superimposed rows of modular blocks, wherein the blocks adopt geometric configurations that resemble the letters “E”, “C” and EC (a combination of letters “E” and “C”).

[0004] Background of Invention

[0005] Retaining walls are built to hold back soil material that rests behind them. They help to withstand lateral pressure of soil resulted from earth filling, liquid pressure, sand, and other granular materials behind the retaining wall structure. Various types of retaining wall structures have been developed to fulfil different needs. Examples of retaining wall types include, but not limited to, gravity retaining walls, mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls, and segmental retaining walls (SRWs).

[0006] Gravity retaining wall is a type of retaining wall that uses the gravitational force of its own weight only to resist lateral soil pressure. The weight of the gravity retaining wall prevents the structure from overturning and sliding. Gravity retaining walls are constructed of concrete, brick masonry units, or stones contained in gabions made from galvanized hexagonal meshes. Gravity retaining wall is usually massive as it requires a notable gravity load to withstand soil pressure. The height of the gravity retaining wall is generally limited to 3 meters or below as there is no embedded piles or anchors to support the weight of the retained soil.

[0007] Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining wall, also known as reinforced soil retaining wall, is constructed using a combination of backfills and soil reinforcements, which can be either metallic strips or plastic meshes. The stability of the MSE retaining walls is derived from the friction and tension between the backfill and soil reinforcements, involving friction and tension. MSE retaining wall usually has a non-structural external face or cladding that is made of concrete block, precast concrete panels or steel mesh geotextile. The cladding is relatively thin and is supported by the backfdl that is stabilized through attachment to the reinforcement geogrids. Extremely high retaining wall can be achieved by building MSE retaining wall. MSE walls are also able to carry extreme loads as the bearing pressure is distributed over a wide foundation area.

[0008] Segmental retaining walls are retaining walls made of modular blocks. Segmental retaining walls are often constructed as either gravity retaining walls or MSE walls. Segmental retaining wall system commonly consists of dry-cast concrete units that are interlock with each other and stacked together without mortar. The segmental retaining wall resist overturning and sliding by utilizing the unit to unit interfaces such as friction, shear elements and interlock. Furthermore, the segmental retaining wall system also utilizes lateral soil reinforcement that penetrates into the backfill to stabilize the backfill. Higher and steeper retaining walls can be achieved by using the segmental retaining wall system.

[0009] Segmental retaining walls offer many advantages such as rapid construction and easy grade change. It also eliminates the need for a concrete footing. A number of segmental retaining wall systems have been developed. For example, a US Patent No. 9003734 disclosed a segmental retaining wall block that comprises one face unit and one or more anchoring units. The face unit has connectors and the anchoring unit has one or more connectors which are complementary to the connectors of the face unit to interlock with respective face unit connectors. The face unit and each anchoring unit form the segmental retaining wall block when interlocked. The face unit has a facing surface defining at least part of the exposed surface of the retaining wall while each anchoring unit confronts the retained soil.

[0010] Another US Patent No. 5484235 disclosed a plurality of modular blocks for a retaining wall system. The modular blocks have E-shaped portion, C-shaped portion, and / or Y-shaped portion that are arranged into modular S block, T block, Y block, and J block. A welded wire component is attached to certain blocks to lock the certain blocks together transversely. The blocks are provided with transverse grooves for stacking with other blocks and for the transverse wire of the wire component to extend therethrough. The abovementioned patented segmental retaining wall systems involve modular block having different components that are assembled in particular arrangement to form the modular block. Hence, a longer period of time is required to complete the construction of a segmental retaining wall due to the complexity of the modular block assembly. In view of this, a segmental retaining wall system with simpler modular block structures that can shorten the time required for construction is highly desirable.

[0011] The present invention provides such segmental retaining wall system.

[0012] Summary of Invention

[0013] An object of the invention is to provide a segmental retaining wall system having modular blocks that are structurally simple yet versatile. Preferably, the retaining wall is made of modular blocks of a single structure, in which the modular blocks are arranged differently to form retaining walls with different structures. Alternatively, the retaining wall is made of modular blocks of two or more different structures, in which the modular blocks are arranged differently to form retaining walls with different structures. Retaining walls with site-specific features can easily be achieved by using the modular blocks disclosed herein.

[0014] Another object of the invention is to provide a segmental retaining wall system that allows rapid construction of a retaining wall. Particularly, owing to the simple structure of the modular blocks, the retaining wall can be easily assembled with minimum requirements for specialized skills. As only modular blocks of one to three different simple structures are used in the construction of the retaining wall, the time required to sort the components of the retaining wall during the construction process is greatly reduced. Furthermore, no binder such as cement or binder is required during the construction of the retaining wall, thereby eliminating the time required for the binder to cure.

[0015] Still another object of the invention is to provide a segmental retaining wall system with relatively easy construction. The modular blocks disclosed herein are relatively smaller and lighter than conventional modular blocks, thereby allowing the retaining wall to be assembled single-handedly without the use of any heavy tools. Particularly, the retaining wall is constructed of modular blocks which are relatively lightweight compared to conventional modular blocks due to its simpler structure, allowing one to lift and assemble the modular blocks with less efforts.

[0016] Yet another object of the invention is to provide a segmental retaining wall system that can withstand earthquakes. Particularly, as the modular blocks in the retaining wall interlock with one another, there are spaces between the blocks that allow the blocks to move along with the lateral earth thrust during an earthquake. Accordingly, the risk of retaining wall cracking or breaking due to earthquakes is minimized.

[0017] At least one of the preceding objects is met, in whole or in part, in which the embodiment of the present invention describes a segmental retaining wall system which comprises a wall constructed of a plurality of modular blocks arranged in at least one array of superimposed rows. Particularly, the array of superimposed rows comprises alternating rows of the modular blocks in a first orientation and in a second orientation, wherein the modular blocks in the first orientation is perpendicular to the modular blocks in the second orientation. More particularly, the modular blocks in the first orientation interlock with the modular blocks in the second orientation. Preferably, each of the modular blocks comprises a base portion and at least two protrusions extending upwardly from the base portion, wherein the protrusions are spaced apart from one another, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the segmental retaining wall system further comprises a facing formed from the modular blocks arranged in an array of superimposed rows, wherein the modular blocks are arranged in a lateral side-by-side configuration in each row. Preferably, the modular blocks in the facing are disposed perpendicularly to the modular blocks in the wall in such a way that the base portion of each modular block in the facing is distal from the wall, and the protrusions of each modular block in the facing is proximate to the wall. Preferably, the modular blocks in the facing interlock with the modular blocks in the wall.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the segmental retaining wall system further comprises a plurality of soil reinforcement elements, each in the form of a flat sheet having two parallel grooves proximate to one end, wherein the soil reinforcement elements are positioned between two superimposed rows of modular blocks in the first orientation and modular blocks in the second orientation.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks are any one or any combination of a first modular block, a second modular block and a third modular block. Each of the first modular blocks comprises a base portion, and a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a third protrusion extending upwardly from the base portion, wherein the first, second and third protrusions are spaced apart from one another, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions. Each of the second modular blocks comprises a base portion, and a first protrusion and a second protrusion extending upwardly from the base portion, wherein the first and second protrusions are spaced apart from one another, with a gap defined between adjacent protrusions. Each of the third modular blocks comprises a base portion, and a first protrusion, a second protrusion, a third protrusion and a fourth protrusion extending upwardly from the base portion, wherein the first, second, third and fourth protrusions are spaced apart from one another, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks arranged in the first orientation comprises a single row, wherein the modular blocks in the row are connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, while the modular blocks in the second orientation are spaced apart along the row and arranged perpendicularly to the modular blocks in the first orientation in adjacent rows. Each modular block in the second orientation is preferably configured to interlock with one modular block in the first orientation. Preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation comprise first modular blocks, third modular blocks or any combination thereof, while the modular blocks in the second orientation comprises second modular blocks. Each first modular block or third modular block in the first orientation is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the second modular block in the second orientation; and each second modular block in the second orientation is configured to be alternately received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block or third modular block in the first orientation. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks arranged in the first orientation comprises two or more parallel rows extending in a first direction, wherein the modular blocks in each parallel row are connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, and a gap is defined between each parallel row. The modular blocks arranged in the second orientation are spaced apart along the row and arranged perpendicularly to the modular blocks in the first orientation in adjacent rows. The modular blocks in the second orientation are configured to interlock with at least one modular block in each row in the first orientation such that a plurality of superimposed quadrilateral structures is formed, each of the quadrilateral structures defining a central void.

[0022] More particularly, the modular blocks in the first orientation comprises at least a first row and a second row that are parallel to one another, and a gap is defined between the first row and the second row. Preferably, each modular block in the second orientation is configured to interlock with one modular block in the first row and one modular block in the second row so as to form the plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures. More preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation comprise first modular block, third modular block or any combination thereof while the modular blocks in the second orientation comprise first modular blocks, second modular blocks or any combination thereof. Each first modular block or third modular block in the first row is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a first modular block or a second modular block in the second orientation, while each first modular block or third modular block in the second row is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same first modular block, or in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of another second modular block, in the second orientation. Each first modular block or second modular block in the second orientation is configured to be alternately received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block or third modular blocks in the first row, while the same first modular block or another second modular block in the second orientation is configured to be alternately received in the same or different gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block or third modular block in the second row.

[0023] More particularly, the modular blocks arranged in the first orientation comprises at least a first row, a second row and a third row that are parallel to one another, and a gap is defined between the first row and the second row, and between the second row and the third row. Preferably, each modular block in the second orientation is configured to interlock with one modular block in the first row, one modular block in the second row and one modular block in the third row, so as to form a first plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures between the first and second row, and a second plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures between the second row and third row. More preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation comprise first modular block, third modular block or any combination thereof while the modular blocks in the second orientation comprise first modular blocks, second modular blocks, third modular blocks or any combination thereof. Each first modular block or third modular block in the first row is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a modular block in the second orientation. Each first modular block or third modular block in the second row is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block in the second orientation. Each first modular block or third modular block in the third row is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block in the second orientation. Each modular block in the second orientation is configured to interlock with the same or different first modular blocks or third modular blocks in the first row, the second row and the third row, such that each modular block in the second orientation is configured to be alternately received in the gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block or third modular blocks in the first row, second row and third row.

[0024] More particularly, the modular blocks arranged in the first orientation comprises at least a first row, a second row, a third row and a fourth row that are parallel to one another, and a gap is defined between the first row and the second row, between the second row and the third row, and between the third row and the fourth row. Preferably, each modular block in the second orientation is configured to interlock with one modular block in the first row, one modular block in the second row, one modular block in the third row, and one modular block in the fourth row, so as to form a first plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures between the first and second row, a second plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures between the second row and third row, and a third plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures between the third row and fourth row. More preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation comprise first modular block, third modular block or any combination thereof while the modular blocks in the second orientation comprise first modular blocks, second modular blocks, third modular blocks or any combination thereof. Each first modular block or third modular block in the first row is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a modular block in the second orientation. Each first modular block or third modular block in the second row is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block in the second orientation. Each first modular block or third modular block in the third row is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block in the second orientation. Each first modular block or third modular block in the fourth row is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block in the second orientation. Each modular block in the second orientation is configured to interlock with the same or different first modular blocks or third modular blocks in the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row, such that each modular block in the second orientation is configured to be alternately received in the gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block or third modular blocks in the first row, second row, third row and fourth row.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the single row or the parallel rows of the modular blocks in the first orientation further comprise at least one second modular block arranged adjacent at one or both ends of the single row or any of the parallel rows.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks arranged in adjacent parallel rows in the first orientation are in staggered configuration.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks arranged in the second orientation are in staggered configuration.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks have equal widths, and widths of the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the modular blocks are equal to the widths of the modular blocks. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a width of the second protrusion of the first modular block equals to a sum of widths of the first protrusion and third protrusions of the first modular block, and the width of the first protrusion equals to the width of the third protrusion.

[0029] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a width of the second protrusion of the first modular block is greater than a sum of widths of the first protrusion and the third protrusion of the first modular block. The width of the first protrusion is equal to, greater than or less than the width of the third protrusion.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a width of the first protrusion of the second modular block equals to a width of the second protrusion of the second modular block.

[0031] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a width of the first protrusion of the second modular block is greater than a width of the second protrusion of the second modular block, or vice versa.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a width of the second protrusion of the third modular block equals to a width of the third protrusion of the third modular block. The width of the second protrusion of the third modular block equals to a sum of widths of the first protrusion and fourth protrusions of the third modular block, and the width of the first protrusion equals to the width of the fourth protrusion.

[0033] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a width of the second protrusion of the third modular block equals to a width of the third protrusion of the third modular block. The width of the second protrusion of the third modular block is greater than a sum of widths of the first protrusion and fourth protrusion of the third modular block, wherein the width of the first protrusion is equal to, greater than or less than the width of the fourth protrusion.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, any one or any combination of the protrusions of the first modular block, the protrusions of the second modular block, the protrusions of the third modular block and surfaces defining the gaps defined between the protrusions comprise a chamfered edge or a rounded edge.

[0035] Still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown and described, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated of carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description thereof are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.

[0036] Brief Description of Drawings

[0037] For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention, there are illustrated in the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiments from an inspection of which when considered in connection with the following description, the invention, its construction and operation and many of its advantages would be readily understood and appreciated.

[0038] Figure 1 shows (a) the perspective view and (b) the plan view of the first modular block according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0039] Figure 2 illustrates (a) the perspective view and (b) the plan view of the second modular block according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0040] Figure 3 illustrates (a) the perspective view and (b) the plan view of the third modular block according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0041] Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the first protrusion of the second modular block has a reduced width in order to accommodate a wall reinforcement element in between the second modular block and an adjacent first modular block. Figure 5 illustrate the plan view of the modular blocks according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the modular blocks are provided with holes for insertion of restraining means therethrough.

[0042] Figure 6 illustrates the perspective view of the first, second and third modular blocks according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the modular blocks having (a) rounded edges and (b) chamfered edges.

[0043] Figure 7 illustrates the plan view of the facing according to the preferred embodiments of the invention, in which the facing is constructed of (a) modular blocks with sharp edges, (b) modular blocks with rounded edges, and (c) modular blocks with chamfered edges.

[0044] Figure 8 illustrates the plan view of the arrangement of the modular blocks in the wall according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0045] Figure 9 illustrates the plan view of the arrangement of the modular blocks in the wall according to the second preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0046] Figure 10 illustrates the plan view of the arrangement of the modular blocks in the wall according to the third preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0047] Figure 11 illustrates the plan view of the arrangement of the modular blocks in the wall according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0048] Figure 12 illustrates the plan view of the arrangement of the modular blocks in the wall according to another fourth preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0049] Figure 13 illustrates the plan view of the arrangement of the modular blocks in the wall according to another fourth preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 14 depicts the perspective view of a soil reinforcement element according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0050] Figure 15 depicts (a) the plan view, (b) the cross-sectional view, and (c) the perspective view of a reinforced soil retaining wall incorporated with the soil reinforcement element according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0051] Figure 16 shows a cross sectional view of a gravity retaining wall according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0052] Figure 17 shows a cross sectional view of a reinforced soil retaining wall according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0053] Figure 18 shows a plan view of a facing in the retaining wall system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the retaining wall system exhibits a gentle slope profile.

[0054] Figure 19 shows a plan view of a facing in the retaining wall system according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the retaining wall system exhibits a steep slope profile.

[0055] Detailed Description of Invention

[0056] Hereinafter, the invention shall be described according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and by referring to the accompanying description and drawings. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. However, it is to be understood that limiting the description to the preferred embodiments of the invention is merely to facilitate discussion of the present invention and it is envisioned that those skilled in the art may devise various modifications without departing from the scope of the appended claim. The embodiment described herein is not intended as limitations on the scope of the invention. The present invention describes a segmental retaining wall system (1) for supporting soil laterally so that the soil can be retained to a steep, near-vertical, or vertical slope. The segmental retaining wall system of the invention helps to prevent soil erosion and maintain stability of slopes. Particularly, the segmental retaining wall system (1) comprises a segmental retaining wall (10) constructed of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) that interlock with each other, and a selected backfill (40) (e.g., granular fill or soil) in between the wall (10) and the retained soil (50). The selected backfill (40) is preferably compacted. The soft earth materials before the intended retained soil (50) is preferably excavated and replaced with compacted backfill (40). Preferably, the modular blocks disclosed herein have simple structures that allows on-site assembly of the retaining wall within a relatively shorter period of time. The modular blocks are smaller in size compared to conventional modular blocks, yet they can interlock with one another to form various massive structures. The segmental retaining wall system disclosed herein is particularly suitable for construction of a gravity retaining wall and a reinforced soil retaining wall.

[0057] According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the segmental retaining wall (10) are arranged in at least one array of superimposed or vertically stacked rows or courses. Although not shown in the accompanying figures, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) may be arranged in an array of superimposed rows with setbacks. Preferably, the array of superimposed rows comprises alternating rows of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in a first orientation (x) and in a second orientation (y), wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) are perpendicular to the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y), and the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) interlock with the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). The segmental retaining wall (10) may comprise any number of rows, provided the functionality and structural stability of the wall are not impaired. It is preferred that a predetermined number of the superimposed rows of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) is buried underground to provide a stable foundation to the retaining wall (10) and increases the resistance of the wall to overturning and sliding forces. Pursuant to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the segmental retaining wall (10) is formed from any one or any combination of a first modular block (100), a second modular block (200) and a third modular block (300). Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a first modular block (100), a second modular block (200) and athird modular block (300), respectively. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) are generally rectangular in shape with a length (h, h, k), height (hi, I12, h ), and width (wi, W2, W3). Preferably, the modular blocks in the same retaining wall (10) have equal widths and heights. The width (w) of the modular block (100, 200, 300) is preferably one-half (1 / 2) of the height (h) of the modular block (100, 200, 300).

[0058] The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) generally comprise a base portion (110, 210, 310), and at least two protrusions (120, 220, 320) extending upwardly from the base portion. Preferably, the side profile of the modular block is substantially straight and continuous, with no narrowing or neck region between the base portion and the protrusions. It is preferred that the height (hb) of the base portion equals to the height (hp) of the protrusions. The protrusions (120, 220, 320) are preferably formed integrally with the base portion (110, 210, 310).

[0059] The protrusions (120, 220, 320) of the modular blocks are arranged with spacing that defines gaps between adjacent protrusions. Preferably, the protrusions are equidistantly spaced apart. It is preferred that the width of the gap (gi, g2, g3) between adjacent protrusions is same as the width (wi, W2, W3) of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300). Such a configuration of the modular blocks allows perpendicular stacking of one modular block onto another, wherein the superjacent modular block is securely and smoothly received within the gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the subjacent modular block, ensuring stable alignment of the blocks.

[0060] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, any one or any combination of the protrusions (120) of the first modular block (100), the protrusions (220) of the second modular block (200), the protrusions (320) of the third modular block (300) and surfaces defining the gaps defined between the protrusions ( 120, 220, 320) comprise a chamfered edge or a rounded edge. Figure 6(a) illustrates the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) having rounded edges while Figure 6(b) illustrates the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) having chamfered edges. The chamfered edges or rounded edges on the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) reduces stress concentration at sharp edges of the modular blocks depicted in Figures 1 to 3, making the blocks less prone to fracturing or chipping when subjected to impacts during transport. Besides, modular blocks with chamfered edges or rounded edges also have higher safety level compared to modular blocks with sharp edges.

[0061] Optionally, as shown in Figure 5, through-holes (140, 240, 340) are formed in the base portion beneath the gaps between protrusions, allowing insertion of restraining means (70). Examples of restraining means (70) include dowel elements or steel reinforcement structures, such as steel rods, bars, pins, bolts, or the like. The restraining means (70) is inserted through the through -holes (140, 240, 340) formed in adjacent modular blocks (100, 200, 300) to align and structurally interconnect the modular blocks. These restraining means (70) not only enhance the structural securement but also improve alignment accuracy between stacked modular blocks by precisely positioning the supeijacent block relative to the subjacent block, thereby minimizing lateral or rotational displacement of the blocks during assembly and use of the segmental retaining wall (10). Optionally, a through-hole (140, 240, 340) is be formed in the base portion beneath each gap between protrusions for insertion of restraining means (70).

[0062] With reference to Figure 1, the first modular block (100) is an E-shaped block comprising a base portion (110) and three protrusions (120), namely the first protrusion (121), the second protrusion (122), and the third protrusion (123). Preferably, the first protrusion (121) and the third protrusion (123) extend directly upward from the base portion (110) along opposite sides (131, 132) of the block, such that each side (131, 132) of the block forms a generally straight vertical profile without a neck or recessed transition between the base portion (110) and the respective protrusion (121, 123). The structural design ofthe first modular block (100) facilitates mechanical interlocking with adjacent blocks, including the first, second or third modular blocks, thereby enhancing overall structural stability and maintaining precise alignment ofthe blocks within the system.

[0063] In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a width (pz) of the second protrusion (122) of the first modular block (100) equals to a sum of widths (pi, p ) of the first protrusion (121) and third protrusions (131) of the first modular block (100), wherein the width (pi) of the first protrusion (121) equals to the width (p ) of the third protrusion (123). Such structure of the first modular block (100) ensures consistent protrusion and gap dimensions throughout a row when multiple first modular blocks (100) are arranged side-by-side, since the combined widths of the first protrusion (121) and the third protrusion (123) of adjacent blocks are equal to the width of the second protrusion (122).

[0064] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a width (pa) of the second protrusion ( 122) of the first modular block (100) is greater than the combined widths (pi, pa) of the first protrusion (121) and third protrusions (131) of the first modular block (100), wherein the width (pi) of the first protrusion (121) is equal to, greater than or less than the width (pa) of the third protrusion ( 123) . An example of which is depicted in Figure 1 (c) . This configuration, in which one or both of the protrusions (121, 123) located at opposite sides (131, 132) are trimmed or formed with reduced width, facilitates the placement of a wall reinforcement element (80), or other necessary structures, between the first modular block (100) and an adjacent block, without disrupting the positional alignment of neighboring modular blocks in either superjacent or subjacent rows. Modular blocks with trimmed protrusion are also suitable for use in slope repair or slope strengthening arrangements. The wall reinforcement element (80) to be positioned between modular blocks forming the wall (10) includes, but not limited to, concrete mix (e.g., gunite), reinforcing fabrics of steel, steel bars, tension rods, or any combination thereof.

[0065] With reference to Figure 2, the second modular block (200) is a C-shaped block comprising a base portion (210), and two protrusions (220), namely the first protrusion (221) and the second protrusion (222). Preferably, the first protrusion (221) and the second protrusion (222) extend directly upward from the base portion (210) along opposite sides (231, 232) of the block, such that each side (231, 232) of the block forms a generally straight vertical profile without a neck or recessed transition between the base portion (210) and the respective protrusion (221, 222). The structural design of the second modular block (200) facilitates mechanical interlocking with adjacent blocks, such as the first or third modular blocks, and permits staggered positioning of the blocks in vertically adjacent rows to enhance wall stability and resistance to displacement. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a width (pi) of the first protrusion (221) of the second modular block (200) equals to a width (p2) of the second protrusion (222) of the second modular block (200). Such structure of the second modular block (200) ensures uniform protrusion and gap dimensions throughout a row when multiple second modular blocks (200) are arranged side-by-side, due to the consistent combined widths of the first protrusion (221) and the second protrusion (222) of adjacent blocks. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a width (pi) of the first protrusion (221) of the second modular block (200) is greater than a width (pa) of the second protrusion (222) of the second modular block (200), or vice versa. An example of which is depicted in Figure 2(c). This configuration, in which one of the protrusions (221, 222) is trimmed or formed with reduced width, facilitates the placement of the wall reinforcement element (80) between the second modular block (200) and an adjacent block, without disrupting the positional alignment of neighboring modular blocks in either supeijacent or subjacent rows. In an exemplary embodiment depicted in Figure 4, the first protrusion of the second modular block has a reduced width, enabling the positioning of a wall reinforcement element between the second modular block and an adjacent first modular block.

[0066] Preferably, the length (h) of the second modular block (200) is one-half (1 / 2) of the length (h) of the first modular block (100). More preferably, when two second modular blocks (200) are placed side-by-side, a structure functionally equivalent to the first modular block (100) is formed. In this arrangement, the combined length of the two abutting second modular blocks (200) equals to the length of first modular block (100); the combined widths (pi, pa) of adjacent protrusions (221, 222) of abutting second modular blocks (200) are equal to the width (pa) of second protrusion (122) of first modular block (100); and the widths (pi, pa) of the protrusions (221 , 222) located on the opposite ends of the abutting second modular blocks (200) equals to the width (pi) of the first protrusion (121) and the width (p ) of the third protrusion (123) of first modular block (100), respectively.

[0067] With reference to Figure 3, the third modular block (300) is an EC-shaped block, having the geometric configuration that resembles a combination of letters “E” and “C” The third modular block (300) comprises a base portion (310), and four protrusions (320), namely the first protrusion (321), the second protrusion (322), the third protrusion (323), and the fourth protrusion (324). Preferably, the first protrusion (321) and the fourth protrusion (323) extend directly upward from the base portion (310) along opposite sides (331, 332) of the block, such that each side (331, 332) of the block forms a generally straight vertical profile without a neck or recessed transition between the base portion (310) and the respective protrusion (321, 324). The structural design of the third modular block (300) facilitates mechanical interlocking with adjacent blocks, including the first, second or third modular blocks, thereby enhancing overall structural stability and maintaining precise alignment of the blocks within the system. Furthermore, the structural design of the third modular blocks (300), as compared to the first modular blocks (100), facilitates faster construction of the retaining wall (10) and reduces the need for positional adjustments and the total number of blocks required for wall assembly. The longer levelling span of the third modular blocks (300), as compared to the first modular blocks (100), may improve the alignment of the retaining wall (10) by facilitating the formation of straighter courses of modular blocks. Furthermore, the structural design of the third modular blocks (300) provides better interlocking performance compared to the first modular blocks (100). Particularly, the use of third modular blocks (300) in the wall rows allows two second modular blocks (200) to be stacked vertically at the sides of the retaining wall (10).

[0068] In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a width (P2) of the second protrusion (322) of the third modular block (300) equals to a width (p ) of the third protrusion (323) of the third modular block (300). The width (p2) ofthe second protrusion (322) ofthe third modular block (300) is preferably equal to the combined widths (pi, p4) of the first protrusion (321) and fourth protrusions (324) of the third modular block (300), wherein the width (pi) of the first protrusion (321) equals to the width (p4) of the fourth protrusion (324). Such structure of the third modular block (300) ensures consistent protrusion and gap dimensions throughout a row when multiple third modular blocks (300) are arranged side-by-side, since the combined widths of the first protrusion (321) and the fourth protrusion (324) of adjacent blocks are equal to the width of the second protrusion (322) and the width of the third protrusion (323).

[0069] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a width (p2) of the second protrusion (322) of the third modular block (300) equals to a width (p ) of the third protrusion (323) of the third modular block (300). The width (p2) of the second protrusion (322) of the third modular block (300) is preferably greater than a sum of widths (pi, p4) of the first protrusion (321) and the fourth protrusion (324) of the third modular block (300), wherein the width (pi) of the first protrusion (321) is equal to, greater than or less than the width (p4) of the fourth protrusion (324). This configuration, in which one or both of the protrusions (321, 324) located at opposite sides (331, 332) are trimmed or formed with reduced width, facilitates the placement of the wall reinforcement element (80) between the third modular block (300) and an adjacent block, without disrupting the positional alignment of neighboring modular blocks in either superjacent or subjacent rows.

[0070] It should be understood that, even though not shown in the figures, the scope of the invention encompasses first modular blocks (100) having a recessed or stepped transition between the base portion (110) and the first and / or third protrusions (121, 123); second modular blocks (200) having a recessed or stepped transition between the base portion (210) and the first and / or second protrusions (221, 222); and third modular blocks (300) having a recessed or stepped transition between the base portion (310) and the first and / or fourth protrusions (321, 324).

[0071] The modular blocks (100) may be made of any suitable materials including, but not limited to, concrete, natural stone, cast stone, calcium silicate, fire clay, plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic, wood, metal, any recycled materials, and any composite materials as long as it does not impair the function of the retaining wall. Preferably, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) are one-piece concrete members that are strong and rugged. More preferably, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) are designed to have adequate weight such that the construction workers are able to lift, position and assemble the blocks on-site with ease and without relying on heavy machinery tools, thereby simplifying installation and improving construction efficiency. At the same time, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) are adequately weighted to allow the retaining wall (10) to maintain structural stability while effectively withstanding the lateral soil pressure exerted by the retained soil.

[0072] The present invention describes a first preferred embodiment, a second preferred embodiment, a third preferred embodiment and a fourth preferred embodiment, each characterized by a different number of rows of modular blocks arranged in the first orientation (x). The arrangements of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the retaining wall (10) according to the first to fourth preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in Figures 8 to 13. Nevertheless, it should be understood that other arrangements of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the retaining wall (10), as well as retaining walls incorporating other numbers of rows of modular blocks arranged in the first orientation (x), are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0073] In the first preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises a single row, in which the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the row are connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement in a row. On the other hand, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart along the row and arranged perpendicularly to the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) in adjacent rows (i.e. the superjacent and subjacent rows). Preferably, each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x).

[0074] More preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof, while the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprises second modular blocks (200). Each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x) is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y). Each second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be alternately received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x). Optionally, the modular block in the second orientation (y) comprises first modular blocks ( 100) and / or third modular blocks (300), wherein the gaps defined between the second protrusion (222, 322) and third protrusion (223, 323) of the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300), and the gaps defined between the third protrusion (323) and fourth protrusion (324) of the third modular block (300), are not engaged with any modular block in the first orientation (x). Preferably, a width (gi) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100), or a width (g3 ) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300), is equal to a width (wi) of the second modular block (200), so that the second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100), or in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300), in the first orientation (x). Preferably, a width (ga) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the second modular block (200) is equal to a width (wi) of the first modular block (100) or a width (w ) of the third modular block (300), so that the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y).

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment depicted in Figure 8, the segmental retaining wall system (1) comprises a retaining wall (10) constructed of a plurality of first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) being assembled in an array of superimposed rows, wherein the array comprises alternating rows of the first modular blocks (100) in a first orientation (x) and the second modular blocks (200) in a second orientation (y). The first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) and the second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y) intersect and interlock with one another to form a plurality of interlocking cross structures.

[0076] Particularly, the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) are arranged side-by- side in a single row, with the first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoining the third protrusion (123) of an adjacent first modular block (100). The second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart in the row with each second modular block (200) being arranged perpendicularly to the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) in vertically adjacent rows (ie. supeqacent and subjacent row). Particularly, the first modular blocks ( 100) in the first orientation (x) and the second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y) intersect and interlock at the gap defined between the first protrusion (121) and second protrusion (122) of the first modular blocks (100), at the gap defined between the second protrusion (122) and third protrusion (123) of the first modular blocks ( 100), and at the gap defined between the first protrusion (221) and the second protrusion (222) of the second modular blocks (200). Particularly, the second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y) are configured to be received alternately in the gap defined between the first protrusion (121) and the second protrusion (122) of the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x), and in the gap defined between the second protrusion (122) and the third protrusion (123) of the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x). Meanwhile, the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) are configured to be received in the gap defined between the first protrusion (221) and the second protrusion (222) of the second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y).

[0077] Not shown in the accompanying figure, the superimposed single rows of the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) further comprises at least one second modular block (200) arranged at one or both ends of the single rows. In this manner, the first modular blocks (100) in the superimposed single rows are arranged in a staggered configuration, allowing adjacent cross structures to interlock. In the interconnected state, the first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) of the cross structures may not be disconnected or separated in any lateral direction (i.e., side-to-side or front-to-back in a wall) without breakage. The first modular blocks (100) in the second preferred embodiment are not merely held in place by frictional forces and the presence of adjacent unconnected blocks, but are also securely mechanically engaged to two other neighboring second modular blocks (200) in the same cross structure.

[0078] In other preferred embodiments of the invention, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises two or more parallel rows extending in the same direction, wherein the modular blocks in each parallel row are connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, and a gap is defined between each parallel row. Preferably, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in adjacent parallel rows in the first orientation (x) are arranged in staggered configuration. In one embodiment of the invention, the parallel rows of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) further comprise at least one second modular block (200) arranged at one or both ends of any of the parallel rows, such that the modular blocks in the parallel rows are arranged in staggered configuration. The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the second orientation (y), on the other hand, are spaced apart along the row and arranged perpendicularly to the parallel rows of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) in adjacent rows (i.e., supeijacent and subjacent rows). Preferably, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are arranged in staggered configuration. The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are configured to interlock with at least one modular block (100, 200, 300) in each row in the first orientation (x) such that a plurality of superimposed quadrilateral structures (15) is formed. Preferably, each of the quadrilateral structures defines a central void (16).

[0079] More particularly, in the second preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises at least a first row (11) and a second row (12) that are parallel to one another, with the modular blocks arranged side-by- side in a lateral arrangement within each of the first and second rows (11, 12). The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart along the row and arranged perpendicularly to the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first and second rows (11, 12) in the first orientation (x) in adjacent rows (i.e. the superjacent and subjacent rows). Preferably, a gap is defined between the first row (11) and the second row (12). More preferably, the gap between the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) has the same width as the gap between the first row (11) and second row (12) of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x). Each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is preferably configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first row (11) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12) so as to form a plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (15).

[0080] More preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof, arranged in either an aligned or staggered configuration. Preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) are either first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300), or a combination of first and third modular blocks (100, 300) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. The modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprise first modular blocks (100), second modular blocks or any combination thereof. Preferably, the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) are either first modular blocks (100) or a combination of second modular blocks (200) are connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. Each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first row (11) is preferably configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a first modular block (100) or a second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12) is preferably configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same first modular block (100), or in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of another second modular block (200), in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) or second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) is preferably configured to be alternately received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) or third modular blocks (300) in the first row (11). The same first modular block (100) or another second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) is preferably configured to be alternately received in the same or different gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12).

[0081] Preferably, a width (gi) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) is equal to a width (wi) of the first modular block (100) or a width (ws) of the third modular block (300), so that the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) in the second orientation (y). Preferably, a width (g ) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300) is equal to the width (wi) of the first modular block (100), so that the first modular block (100) in the second orientation (y) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x).

[0082] Figure 9 shows an exemplary second preferred embodiment, in which the segmental retaining wall system (1) comprises a retaining wall (10) constructed of a plurality of first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) assembled in at least one array of superimposed rows, wherein the array comprises alternating rows of the first modular blocks ( 100) in the first orientation (x), and the first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y). Particularly, the first modular blocks (100) are arranged in a first row (11) and a second row (12) that are parallel to one another, wherein the first row (11) is positioned at the proximal end of the retaining wall (10) while the second row (12) is positioned at the distal end of the retaining wall (10). In each of the parallel rows, the first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the third protrusion (123) of an adj acent first modular block (100). The first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart in the row and being arranged perpendicularly to the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) in vertically adj acent rows (ie . supeij acent and subj acent row) . Particularly, a first modular block ( 100) is arranged perpendicularly to the first modular blocks ( 100) in the first and second rows (11,12). Alternatively, two adjacent second modular blocks (200) are arranged in the second orientation (y), with one second modular block (200) positioned perpendicularly to the first modular block (100) in the first row (11), and another second modular block (200) positioned perpendicularly to the first modular block in the second row (12). The first modular blocks (100) in the first and second rows (11, 12) and the first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y) interlock with one another to form a plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (15), each of which has a central void (16).

[0083] Particularly, the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) and the first modular blocks (100) in the second orientation (y) intersect and interlock at the gap defined between the first protrusion (121) and second protrusion (122), and at the gap defined between the second protrusion (122) and third protrusion (123). More particularly, the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) and the second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y) intersect and interlock at the gap defined between the first protrusion (121) and second protrusion (122) of the first modular block (100), at the gap defined between the second protrusion (122) and third protrusion (123) of the first modular block (100), and at the gap defined between the first protrusion (221) and second protrusion (222) of the second modular block (200). The first modular blocks (100) in the second orientation (y) are configured to be received alternately in the gaps between the first protrusion (121) and the second protrusion (122) of the first modular blocks (100) in the first row (11) and between the second protrusion (122) and the third protrusion (123) of the first modular blocks (100) in the second row (12). Meanwhile, the first modular blocks (100) in the first row (11) are configured to be received in the gap defined between the first protrusion (121) and the second protrusion (122) of the first modular blocks (100), or the gap defined between the first protrusion (121) and second protrusion (122) of the second modular blocks (200), in the second orientation (y). The first modular blocks (100) in the second row (12) are configured to be received in the gap defined between the second protrusion (122) and the third protrusion (123) of the same first modular blocks (100), or the gap defined between the first protrusion (121) and second protrusion (122) of another second modular blocks (200), in the second orientation (y).

[0084] Alternating rows of first modular blocks (100) in first orientation (1) and first and second modular blocks (100, 200) in second orientation (y) create a plurality of quadrilateral structures (15), generally squares, defined by the intersections of a first modular block (100) in the first row (11), a first modular block (100) in the second row (12), and two neighboring first modular blocks (100) in the second orientation (y). The first modular blocks (100) in the first row (11) and the first modular blocks (100) in the second row (12) in the quadrilateral structure may be in alignment or in a staggered arrangement. Preferably, the first modular blocks (100) in the first row (11) and the first modular blocks (100) in the second row (12) in the quadrilateral structure are in staggered arrangement so that adjacent quadrilateral structures are interlocked. As shown in the Figure 9, the second row (12) in the first orientation (x) further comprises at least one second modular block (200) arranged at both ends of the row. In this manner, the first modular blocks (100) in the first and second rows (11, 12) are arranged in a staggered configuration, allowing adjacent quadrilateral structures to interlock. In the interconnected state, the first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) of the quadrilateral structures may not be disconnected or separated in any lateral direction (i.e., side-to-side or front-to-back in a wall) without breakage. The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second preferred embodiment are not merely held in place by frictional forces and the presence of adjacent unconnected blocks, but are also securely mechanically engaged to two other neighboring second modular blocks (200) in the same quadrilateral structure.

[0085] Particularly, in the third preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises at least a first row (11), a second row (12) and a third row (13) that are parallel to one another, with the modular blocks arranged side-by-side in a lateral arrangement within each of the first, second and third rows (11, 12, 13). Preferably, a gap is defined between the first row (11) and the second row (12), and between the second row (12) and the third row (13). More preferably, the gap between the first row (11) and second row (12) of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) equals to the gap between second row (12) and third row (13) of modular blocks (100, 200, 300), and the gap between the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) has the same width as the gap between the parallel rows in the first orientation (x). Each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first row (11), one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the third row (13), so as to form a first plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (151) between the first row (11) and the second row (12), and a second plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (152) between the second row (12) and the third row (13).

[0086] More preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof, arranged in either an aligned or staggered configuration. Preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) are either first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300), or a combination of first and third modular blocks (100, 300) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. The modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprise first modular blocks (100), second modular blocks (200), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof. Preferably, the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) are either third modular blocks (300), or a combination of first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200), wherein the first and second modular blocks are connected to one another in a lateral side- by-side arrangement.

[0087] More preferably, each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first row (11) is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) . Each first modular block ( 100) or third modular block (300) in the third row (13) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with the same or different first modular blocks (100) or third modular blocks (300) in the first row (11), the second row (12) and the third row (13) in the first orientation (x), such that each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be alternately received in the gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular blocks (100) or third modular blocks (300) in each of the first row (11), second row (12), and third row (13).

[0088] Preferably, a width (gi) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) is equal to a width (g2) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the second modular block (200) and a width (g3 ) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300). These gap widths (gi, g2, g3 ) are equal to a width (wi) of the first modular block (100) or a width (ws) of the third modular block (300), so that the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100), second modular block (200) and third modular block (300) in the second orientation (y). Preferably, a width (gi) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) is equal to a width (g3 ) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300). Both gap widths (gi, g3 ) are equal to a width (wi) of the second modular block (200), so that the second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first or third modular block (100, 300) in the first orientation (x).

[0089] Figure 10 depicts an exemplary third preferred embodiment of the invention. Particularly, the segmental retaining wall system (1) comprises a retaining wall (10) constructed of a plurality of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) assembled in at least one array of superimposed rows, wherein the array comprises alternating rows of the first and third modular blocks (100, 300) in the first orientation (x), and the first, second and third modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Particularly, the first modular blocks (100) and third modular blocks (300) are arranged in a first row (11), a second row (12) and a third row (13) that are parallel to one another, wherein the first row (11) is positioned at the proximal end of the retaining wall (10) while the third row (13) is positioned at the distal end of the retaining wall (10). In the first and third row (11, 13), the first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the third protrusion (123) of an adjacent first modular block (100). In the second row (12), the first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the third protrusion (123) of third modular block (100) in the second orientation (y). The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart in the row and being arranged perpendicularly to the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) in vertically adjacent rows (ie. supeijacent and subjacent row). Particularly, a third modular block (300) is arranged perpendicularly to the first modular blocks (100) in the first, second and third rows (11,12, 13). Alternatively, a combination of first modular block (100) and second modular block (200) is positioned perpendicularly to the first modular blocks (100) in the first, second and third rows (11, 12).

[0090] Particularly, the first, second and third modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are configured to fit alternately in the gaps between adjacent protrusions (121, 122, 123) of the first modular blocks (100) and the gaps between adjacent protrusions (321, 322, 323, 324) of the third modular blocks (300) in the first orientation (x). The first and third modular blocks (100, 300) in the first orientation (x) are configured to fit in the gaps between adjacent protrusions (121, 122, 123) of the first modular blocks (100), the gaps between adj acent protrusions (221 , 222) of the second modular blocks, and the gaps between adj acent protrusions (321, 322, 323, 324) of the third modular blocks (300) in the second orientation (y).

[0091] The modular blocks in the first and second rows (11, 12) interlock with the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) to form a first plurality of superimposed quadrilateral structures (151) while the modular blocks in the second and third rows (12, 13) interlock with the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) to form a second plurality of superimposed quadrilateral structures (152). The modular blocks in the first and second rows (11, 12) in the first plurality of quadrilateral structures (151), and / or the modular blocks in the second and third rows (12, 13) in the second plurality of quadrilateral structures (152), may be in an aligned or a staggered arrangement. Preferably, the modular blocks in the first, second and third rows (11, 12, 13) are arranged in staggered configuration, such that the adjacent quadrilateral structures in the first and second plurality of quadrilateral structures (151, 152) are interlocked. As shown in Figure 10, the second row (12) in the first orientation (x) further comprises at least one second modular block (200) arranged at one end of the row. In this manner, the modular blocks in the first and second rows (11, 12), as well as the modular blocks in the second and third rows (12, 13) are arranged in a staggered configuration, allowing adjacent quadrilateral structures to interlock. In the interconnected state, the modular blocks of the quadrilateral structures may not be disconnected or separated in any lateral direction (i.e., side-to-side or front-to-back in a wall) without breakage. The modular blocks in the third preferred embodiment are not merely held in place by frictional forces and the presence of adjacent unconnected blocks, but are also securely mechanically engaged to two other neighboring modular blocks in the same quadrilateral structure.

[0092] Particularly, in the fourth preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises at least a first row (11), a second row (12), athird row (13) and a fourth row (14) that are parallel to one another, with the modular blocks arranged side-by-side in a lateral arrangement within each of the first, second, third and fourth rows (11, 12, 13, 14). Preferably, a gap is defined between the first row (11) and the second row (12), between the second row (12) and the third row (13), and between the third row (13) and fourth row (14). More preferably, the gap between the first row (11) and second row (12) of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) equals to the gap between second row

[0093] (12) and third row (13) of modular blocks and the gap between third row (13) and fourth row (14) of modular blocks. The gap between the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) has the same width as the gap between the parallel rows in the first orientation (x). Each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first row (11), one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12), one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the third row

[0094] (13) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the fourth row (14), so as to form a first plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (151) between the first row (11) and the second row (12), a second plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (152) between the second row (12) and the third row (13), and a third plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (153) between the third row (13) and fourth row (14).

[0095] More preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof, arranged in either an aligned or staggered configuration. Preferably, the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) are either first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300), or a combination of first and third modular blocks (100, 300) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. The modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprise first modular blocks (100), second modular blocks (200), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof. Preferably, the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) are either first modular blocks (100), a combination of first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, or a combination of second modular blocks (200) and third modular blocks (300) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement.

[0096] More preferably, each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first row (11) is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) . Each first modular block ( 100) or third modular block (300) in the third row (13) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the fourth row (14) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with the same or different first modular blocks (100) or third modular blocks (300) in the first row (11), the second row (12), the third row (13) and the fourth row (14) in the first orientation (x), such that each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be alternately received in the gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular blocks (100) or third modular blocks (300) in each of the first row (11), second row (12), third row (13), and fourth row (14).

[0097] Preferably, a width (gi) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) is equal to a width (ga) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the second modular block (200) and a width (g3 ) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300). These gap widths (gi, g2, g ) are equal to a width (wi) of the first modular block (100) or a width (wa) of the third modular block (300), so that the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100), second modular block (200) and third modular block (300) in the second orientation (y). Preferably, a width (gi) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) is equal to a width (ga) of the gap between adjacent protrusions of the third modular block (300). Both gap widths (gi, ga) are equal to a width (wa) of the second modular block (200), so that the second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) can be smoothly received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first or third modular block (100, 300) in the first orientation (x).

[0098] Figures 11 to 13 illustrates three exemplary fourth embodiments of the invention. Particularly, the segmental retaining wall system (1) comprises a retaining wall (10) constructed of a plurality of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) assembled in at least one array of superimposed rows, wherein the array comprises alternating rows of the first and third modular blocks (100, 300) in the first orientation (x), and the first, second and third modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y). Particularly, the first modular blocks (100) and third modular blocks (300) are arranged in a first row (11), a second row (12), athird row (13) and a fourth row that are parallel to one another, wherein the first row (11) is positioned at the proximal end of the retaining wall (10) while the fourth row (14) is positioned at the distal end of the retaining wall (10). The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart in the row and being arranged perpendicularly to the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) in vertically adjacent rows (ie. supeqacent and subjacent row). Each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first row (11) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12) so as to form a first plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (151) between the first row (11) and the second row (12). The same or different modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with a same or different modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the third row (13) so as to form a second plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (152) between the second row (12) and the third row (13). The same or different modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with a same or different modular block (100, 200, 300) in the third row (13) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the fourth row (14) so as to form a third plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (153) between the third row (13) and the fourth row (14). Each of the quadrilateral structures has a central void (16)

[0099] Particularly, the first, second and third modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are configured to fit alternately in the gaps between adjacent protrusions (121, 122, 123) of the first modular blocks (100) and the gaps between adjacent protrusions (321, 322, 323, 324) of the third modular blocks (300) in the first orientation (x). The first and third modular blocks (100, 300) in the first orientation (x) are configured to fit in the gaps between adjacent protrusions (121, 122, 123) of the first modular blocks (100), the gaps between adjacent protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular blocks, and the gaps between adjacent protrusions (321, 322, 323, 324) of the third modular blocks (300) in the second orientation (y).

[0100] In Figure 11, the first and third rows (11, 13) in the first orientation (x) comprises first modular blocks (100) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. Particularly, first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the third protrusion (123) of an adjacent first modular block (100). The second and fourth rows (12, 14) in the first orientation (x), on the other hand, comprises third modular blocks (300) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. Particularly, the first protrusion (321) of one third modular block (300) adjoins the fourth protrusion (324) of an adjacent third modular block (300). The alternating rows of first modular blocks (100) and third modular blocks (300) in the first orientation (x) creates a staggered configuration of modular blocks in the parallel rows. The modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprises a combination of second and third modular blocks (200, 300) connected in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, alternating with a combination of first modular blocks (100) connected in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, such that the modular blocks in the second orientation are arranged in a staggered pattern. The staggered configuration of the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) and the second orientation (y) facilitates interlocking between adjacent quadrilateral structures. The modular blocks in the interlocked quadrilateral structures are less prone to disconnection or breakage due to forces applied from any lateral direction (i.e., side-to-side or front-to-back in the wall).

[0101] Particularly, each first modular block (100) in the first and third rows (11, 13) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (121, 122) of the first modular blocks (100), a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular blocks (200), or a gap defined between the adjacent protrusions (321,

[0102] 322, 323, 324) of the third modular block (300) in the second orientation (y). Each third modular block (300) in the second and fourth rows (12, 14) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the second and third protrusions (122, 123) of the first modular blocks (100), a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular blocks (200), or a gap defined between the adjacent protrusions (321, 322, 323, 324) of the third modular block (300) in the second orientation (y). Meanwhile, each of the first, second and third modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be received in the gaps defined between the adjacent protrusions (121, 122, 123) of the first modular block (100), and in the gaps defined between the adjacent protrusions (321, 322,

[0103] 323, 324) of the third modular block (300) in the first to fourth rows (11, 12, 13, 14).

[0104] Another exemplary fourth embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figure 12. In Figure 12, the first and third rows (11, 13) in the first orientation (x) comprises first modular blocks (100) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. Particularly, first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the third protrusion (123) of an adjacent first modular block (100). The second and fourth rows (12, 14) in the first orientation (x), on the other hand, comprises first modular blocks (300) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, with one second modular block (200) placed at each end of the row. Particularly, the third protrusion (123) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the first protrusion (121) of an adjacent second modular block (200) at one end, while the first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the second protrusion (222) of an adjacent second modular block (200) at the other end. The inclusion of second modular blocks (222) at both ends of the second and fourth rows (12, 14) creates a staggered arrangement of first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x). The modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprises a combination of first modular blocks (100) connected in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, alternating with a combination of first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200) connected in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, with each first modular block (100) positioned between two second modular blocks (200). In this manner, the first modular blocks in the second orientation are arranged in a staggered pattern. The staggered configuration of the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) and the second orientation (y) facilitates interlocking between adjacent quadrilateral structures. The modular blocks in the interlocked quadrilateral structures are less prone to disconnection or breakage due to forces applied from any lateral direction (i.e., side-to-side or front-to-back in the wall).

[0105] Particularly, each first modular block (100) in the first row (11) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (121, 122) of the first modular blocks (100), or a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular blocks (200), in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) in the second and third row (12, 13) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (121, 122), or a gap defined between the second and third protrusions (122, 123), of the first modular blocks (100) in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) in the fourth row (14) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the second and third protrusions (122, 123) of the first modular blocks (100), or a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular blocks (200), in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (121, 122), or a gap defined between the second and third protrusions (122, 123), of the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x).

[0106] Another exemplary fourth embodiment of the invention is depicted in Figure 13. In Figure 13, the first and third rows (11, 13) in the first orientation (x) comprises first modular blocks (100) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement. Particularly, first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the third protrusion (123) of an adj acent first modular block (100). The second and fourth rows (12, 14) in the first orientation (x), on the other hand, comprises first modular blocks (300) connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, with one second modular block (200) placed at each end of the row. Particularly, the third protrusion (123) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the first protrusion (121) of an adjacent second modular block (200) at one end, while the first protrusion (121) of one first modular block (100) adjoins the second protrusion (222) of an adjacent second modular block (200) at the other end. The inclusion of second modular blocks (222) at both ends of the second and fourth rows (12, 14) creates a staggered arrangement of first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x), facilitating interlocking between adjacent quadrilateral structures. The modular blocks in the interlocked quadrilateral structures are less prone to disconnection or breakage due to forces applied from any lateral direction (i.e., side-to-side or front-to-back in the wall). The modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprises a combination of first modular blocks (100) connected in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, alternating with a combination of second modular modular blocks (200) connected in a lateral side-by-side arrangement.

[0107] Particularly, each first modular block (100) in the first and third rows (11, 13) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (121, 122) of the first modular blocks (100), or a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular blocks (200), in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) in the second and fourth row (12, 14) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the second and third protrusions (122, 123) of the first modular blocks (100), or a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular blocks (200), in the second orientation (y). Each first modular block (100) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be received in a gap defined between the first and second protrusions (121, 122), or a gap defined between the second and third protrusions (122, 123), of the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x).

[0108] In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the quadrilateral structures (15) have a central void (16) defined by the gap between the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) and the gap between the parallel rows of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x). The central void (16) may serve as a drainage medium to drain excess water in the retaining wall (10). Preferably, the central voids (16) are vertically aligned to form continuous fill channels for filling with a suitable infill material (68) such as aggregates, soil or concrete to provide stability and drainage to the retaining wall. Aggregate infill provides a permeable retaining wall while soil and concrete infill provide impermeable retaining wall. Aggregates suitable for use to backfill the central void (16) include natural aggregates such as crushed rock, coarse sands, and gravels; manufactured aggregates or byproducts of industrial processes such as iron slags, steel slags, and ash; and recycled aggregates derived from building demolition waste, used railway ballast, and reclaimed asphalt from road resurfacing works. The infill material (68) filling the central void (16) may be same as the selected backfill (40).

[0109] The segmental retaining wall (10) in the system disclosed herein may comprise multiple interconnected wall sections, with each section constructed according to a different embodiment described herein. In one embodiment of the invention, the retaining wall (10) includes a bottom section formed according to the third or fourth preferred embodiment, a middle section formed according to the second preferred embodiment, and a top section formed according to the first preferred embodiment. In another embodiment of the invention, the retaining wall (10) includes a bottom section formed according to the third or fourth preferred embodiment, and a top section formed according to the first and second preferred embodiment. The structural designs of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) provide flexibility in configuring the segmental retaining wall (10) to suit various applications. The structural designs of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) also enable flexibility in constructing the retaining wall (10), such that a retaining wall (10) or a section thereof formed according to the second preferred embodiment can be seamlessly extended using modular blocks configured according to the third preferred embodiment or fourth preferred embodiment.

[0110] In accordance to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the segmental retaining wall system (1) further comprises a facing (20) positioned at the proximal end of the retaining wall (10). The facing (20) is preferably formed from the first modular blocks (100), the second modular blocks (200), the third modular blocks (300), or any combination thereof. For instance, the facing (20) shown in Figure 8 is constructed of first modular blocks (100) while the facing (20) shown in Figure 9 is constructed of a combination of first modular blocks (100) and second modular blocks (200). Figure 7 illustrates the plan views of the facing (20) constructed of a plurality of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) with sharp edges, rounded edges and chamfered edges. The modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) are preferably arranged in an array of superimposed rows, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) are arranged in a lateral side-by-side configuration in each row. Preferably, the modular blocks in the facing (20) are arranged in staggered configuration. The superimposed rows of modular blocks in the facing (20) can be aligned vertically so as to create a vertical profile of the retaining wall system ( 1). Alternatively, each row of modular blocks can be slightly offset from the row below it, creating a setback in the facing (20). Such a setback is particularly useful for accommodating the steepness of the slope where the retaining wall system (1) is installed. The degree of offset between adjacent rows of modular blocks can be adapted to match the preferred slope degree.

[0111] Furthermore, by varying the placement of the modular blocks in the facing (20), different slope profiles can be achieved. For instance, modular blocks placed further outwards (i.e., away from the retaining wall (10)) can form a profile suitable for steeper slopes, while modular blocks placed further inwards can profile a gentler slope. This flexibility in modular block arrangement allows the retaining wall system (1) to adapt to different site conditions and design requirements effectively. Figure 18 illustrates the plan view of the facing (20) on a gentle slope while Figure 19 illustrates the plan view of the facing (20) on a steep slope.

[0112] Optionally, the modular blocks that make up the facing (20) are trimmed or otherwise modified to reduce their height (hi, 112, h ), width (wi, W2, W3) and / or protrusion height (hp) in order to create a setback in the facing (20). Additionally, trimming the protruding parts of the modular blocks ensures that soil reinforcement elements (30) can be installed correctly and uniformly, thereby enhancing the stability and load distribution of the retaining wall system. Furthermore, trimming the protruding parts of the modular blocks allows gunite (i.e., a sprayed concrete) to be applied evenly over the facing surface, resulting in a smoother and more uniform finish in the retaining wall system (1).

[0113] Preferably, the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) are disposed perpendicularly to the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the wall (10) in such a way that the base portion (110, 210, 310) of each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) is distal from the wall (10), and the protrusions (120, 220, 320) of each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) is proximate to the wall (10). The base portion (110, 210, 310) of modular blocks in the facing (20) maybe partially or completely exposed while the modular blocks in the wall (10) are completely concealed.

[0114] It is preferred that the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) interlock with the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the wall (10) for enhanced structural integrity and positional alignment. In the first preferred embodiment of the invention, the first modular blocks (100) in the facing (20) interconnect with the cross structures formed by the interlocking first modular blocks (100) and the second modular blocks (200) in the wall (10). In the second to fourth preferred embodiments of the invention, the first modular blocks (100) in the facing (20) interconnect with the quadrilateral structures (15) formed by the interlocking modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the wall (10). Optionally, restraining means (70), such as dowel elements or steel reinforcement structures, are inserted through the through-holes (140, 240, 340) formed in the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) to interconnect the modular blocks in the facing (20) and modular blocks in the retaining wall (10), thereby enhancing the overall stability and integrity of the retaining wall system (1).

[0115] The segmental retaining wall system (1) disclosed herein further comprises a plurality of soil reinforcement elements (30) that are vertically spaced apart to provide lateral support to the wall (10) to keep the retained soil (50) behind the wall (10). Preferably, a soil reinforcement element (30) is inserted between the superimposed rows after every several rows. Preferably, the soil reinforcement elements (30) are inserted in the retaining wall (10) and extends into the backfill (40). More preferably, the soil reinforcement elements (30) are arranged laterally across the rows of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the retaining wall (10) and facing (20), as illustrated in Figures 15(b) and 15(c), and extend laterally from the retaining wall (10) into about two-thirds of the backfill (40). Preferably, the soil reinforcement elements (30) are mechanically connected to the modular blocks (100) in the retaining wall (10) without the use of any fastening means such as pins, bolts, and screws. However, connection of the soil reinforcement elements (30) with the facing (20) may be established by aids of fastening means such as pins or blots.

[0116] The soil reinforcement elements (30) can be any one or any combination of steel and geosynthetics such as geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, geofoam, geocells and geocomposites. Preferably, the soil reinforcement elements are continuous reinforcement elements. Continuous reinforcement elements include, but not limited to, strip, bar, sheet, mat and net. The preferred soil reinforcement element (30) in the segmental retaining wall system (1) disclosed herein is a continuous reinforcement sheet. The continuous reinforcement sheet may be made of steel or a polymeric material. Figure 14 illustrates a preferred continuous reinforcement sheet (30) in the present invention. Particularly, at least one groove (310) is provided across the reinforcement sheet (30) near one end of the reinforcement sheet. The continuous reinforcement sheet is sandwiched between two stacked rows of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) of the wall (10) in a way that the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) in the stacked rows fit within the groove of the reinforcement sheet while the groove (s) of the sheet fit between the protrusions of the first or second modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y).

[0117] In one exemplary embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 15, the retaining wall (10) comprises an array of superimposed rows of firstand second modular blocks (100, 200) being arranged according to the preferred embodiments of the invention, wherein the top two-thirds of the wall (10) is constructed according to the first preferred embodiment described in the preceding paragraph while the bottom one -thirds of the wall is constructed according to the second preferred embodiment described in the preceding paragraph. A plurality of soil reinforcement elements (30) in the form of a flat sheet having two parallel grooves (31) across the sheet near one of its ends are inserted between the superimposed rows of modular blocks arranged according to the second preferred embodiment, in which each of the soil reinforcement element (30) is sandwiched between two superimposed rows of first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) and first modular blocks in the second orientation (y). Particularly, the first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation fit in the grooves (31) of the soil reinforcement element (30) while the grooves (31) of the soil reinforcement element (30) fit in the gap between the first protrusion (121) and second protrusion (122) and the gap between the second protrusion (122) and the third protrusion ( 123) of the first modular blocks (100) in the second orientation. A plurality of soil reinforcement elements (30) in the form of a flat sheet having a groove (31) across the sheet near one of its ends are inserted between the superimposed rows of modular blocks arranged according to the first preferred embodiment, in which the soil reinforcement element (30) is sandwiched between two superimposed rows of first modular blocks (100) in the first orientation (x) and second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y). Particularly, the first modular blocks ( 100) in the first orientation (x) fit in the grooves (31) of the soil reinforcement element (30) while the groove (31) of the soil reinforcement element (30) fit in the gap between the first protrusion (221) and second protrusion (222) of the second modular blocks (200) in the second orientation (y).

[0118] The segmental retaining wall system (1) of the invention may further comprise any one or any combination of a levelling pad (61) below the retaining wall (10) for providing a flat foundation for building the retaining wall (10); a subsoil draining pipe (62) running across the bottommost course of the retaining wall (10) to drain rainwater penetrating into the voids throughout the retaining wall (10); a fencing (63) extending upwardly from the outer surface of the retaining wall (10); a slab (64) sitting atop of the backfill (40) and retained soil (50) to prevent or reduce rainfall from penetrating the backfill (40) and retained soil (50), and provide a flat surface for pedestrians and vehicles to walk on the backfill (40) and retained soil (50); a wall capping (65) on top of the topmost course of the retaining wall (10) to prevent rainfall from penetrating the retaining wall (10); an embedment (67) in front of the bottom of retaining wall (10); and a channel drainage (66) in the embedment (67) before the retaining wall (10) and / or atop the retaining wall (10) to direct rainwater to a drainage system and prevent rainwater from flooding the retaining wall (10) and / or the backfill (40) to prevent overturning of the retaining wall (10).

[0119] As mentioned in the preceding description, the segmental retaining wall system disclosed herein is particularly suitable for construction of a gravity retaining wall. Figure 16 illustrates a gravity retaining wall constructed by using the segmental retaining wall system disclosed herein. Particularly, the retaining wall (10) is a combination of the retaining walls described in second preferred embodiment and the fourth preferred embodiment, in which the top half of the retaining wall is constructed according to the second preferred embodiment and the bottom half of the retaining wall is constructed according to the fourth preferred embodiment. Such arrangement of the retaining wall (10) provides a stable structure to the retaining wall (10) to resist the lateral soil pressure without the aids of any soil reinforcement element (30) arranged across the rows of modular blocks (100) in the retaining wall. The height of the gravity is 2 meters or less. A geotextile is arranged between the backfill (40) and the retained soil (50) to trap sediment or fine soil particles of the retained soil and prevent them from being washed out by water runoff. The gravity retaining wall further comprises a levelling pad (61), a subsoil draining pipe (62), a fencing (63), a slab (64), a wall capping (65), a channel drainage (66) on the ground before the retaining wall (10) and a channel drainage (66) atop the retaining wall (10).

[0120] As mentioned in the preceding description, the segmental retaining wall system disclosed herein is particularly suitable for construction of a reinforced soil retaining wall. Figure 17 illustrates a reinforced soil retaining wall constructed by using the segmental retaining wall system disclosed herein. Particularly, the retaining wall ( 10) is a combination of the retaining walls described in first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment, in which more than half of the upper portion of the retaining wall is constructed according to the first preferred embodiment and the remaining portion of the retaining wall is constructed according to the second preferred embodiment. The height of the retaining wall (10) is more than 2 meters. A plurality of soil reinforcement elements (30) are arranged laterally across the rows of modular blocks (100) in the retaining wall (10) and facing (20) with the soil reinforcement elements (30) being spaced apart from one another. The soil reinforcement elements (30) extend laterally from the retaining wall (10) into about two-thirds of the compacted backfill (40). Furthermore, a geotextile is arranged between the backfill (40) and the retained soil (50) to trap sediment or fine soil particles of the retained soil and prevent them from being washed out by water runoff. The reinforced soil retaining wall further comprises a levelling pad (61), a subsoil draining pipe (62), a fencing (63), a slab (64), a wall capping (65), a channel drainage (66) on the ground before the retaining wall (10) and a channel drainage (66) atop the retaining wall (10).

Claims

Claims1. A segmental retaining wall system (1), comprising: a wall (10) formed from a plurality of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in at least one array of superimposed rows, the array of superimposed rows comprising alternating rows of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in a first orientation (x) and in a second orientation (y), the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) being perpendicular to the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y), wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) interlock with the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y); and wherein each of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) comprises: a base portion (110, 210, 310); and at least two protrusions (120, 220, 320) extending upwardly from the base portion (110, 210, 310), wherein the protrusions (120, 220, 320) are spaced apart from one another, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions;2. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 1, further comprising a facing (20) formed from the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in an array of superimposed rows, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) are arranged in a lateral side-by-side configuration in each row; the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) are disposed perpendicularly to the modular blocks ( 100, 200, 300) in the wall ( 10) in such a way that the base portion (110, 210, 310) of each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) is distal from the wall (10), and the protrusions (120, 220, 320) of each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) is proximate to the wall (10); and the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the facing (20) interlock with the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the wall (10).

3. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 1, further comprising a plurality of soil reinforcement elements (30), each in the form of a flat sheet having two parallel grooves (31) proximate to one end, wherein the soil reinforcement elements (30) are positioned between two superimposed rows of modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) and modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y).

4. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the modular blocks are any one or any combination of a first modular block (100), a second modular block (200) and a third modular block (300), wherein the first modular blocks (100) comprises: a base portion (110); and a first protrusion (121), a second protrusion (122), and athird protrusion (123) extending upwardly from the base portion (110), wherein the first, second and third protrusions (121, 122, 123) are integrally formed with the base portion (110) and are equidistantly spaced apart from one another, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions; wherein the second modular blocks (200) comprises: a base portion (210); and a first protrusion (221) and a second protrusion (222) extending upwardly from the base portion (110), wherein the first and second protrusions (221, 222) are integrally formed with the base portion (210) and are equidistantly spaced apart from one another, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions; and wherein the third modular blocks (300) comprises: a base portion (310); and a first protrusion (321), a second protrusion (322), a third protrusion (323), and a fourth protrusion (324) extending upwardly from the base portion (310), wherein the first, second, third and fourth protrusions (321, 322, 323, 324) are integrally formed with the base portion (310) and are equidistantly spaced apart from one another, with gaps defined between adjacent protrusions.

5. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises a single row, in which the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the row are connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement; the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart along the row and arranged perpendicularly to the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) in adjacent rows; and each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x).

6. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 5, wherein the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof; the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprises second modular blocks (200); each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x) is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y); and each second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be alternately received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first orientation (x).

7. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to claim 4, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises two or more parallel rows, wherein the modular blocks in each parallel row are connected to one another in a lateral side-by-side arrangement, and a gap is defined between each parallel row; the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the second orientation (y) are spaced apart along the row and arranged perpendicularly to the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) in adjacent rows; and the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are configured to interlock with at least one modular block (100, 200, 300) in each row in the firstorientation (x) such that a plurality of superimposed quadrilateral structures (15) is formed, each of the quadrilateral structures defining a central void (16).

8. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 7, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises at least a first row (11) and a second row (12) that are parallel to one another, and a gap is defined between the first row (11) and the second row (12); and each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first row (11) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12) so as to form the plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (15).

9. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 8, wherein the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof; the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprise first modular blocks (100), second modular blocks or any combination thereof; each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first row (11) is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a first modular block (100) or a second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y); each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same first modular block (100), or in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of another second modular block (200), in the second orientation (y); each first modular block (100) or second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be alternately received in the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) or third modular blocks (300) in the first row (11); and the same first modular block (100) or another second modular block (200) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be alternately received in the same or different gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12).

10. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 7, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises at least a first row (11), a second row (12) and a third row (13) that are parallel to one another, and a gap is defined between the first row (11) and the second row (12), and between the second row (12) and the third row (13); and each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first row (11), one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12) and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the third row (13), so as to form a first plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (151) between the first row (11) and the second row (12), and a second plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (1 2) between the second row (12) and the third row (13).

11. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 10, wherein the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof; the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprise first modular blocks (100), second modular blocks (200), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof; each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first row (11) is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y); each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y); each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the third row (13) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y); and each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with the same or different first modular blocks ( 100) or third modular blocks (300) in the first row (11), the second row (12) and the third row (13) in the first orientation (x), such that each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation(y) is configured to be alternately received in the gaps defined between adjacent protrusions of the first modular blocks (100) or third modular blocks (300) in each of the first row (11), second row (12), and third row (13).

12. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 7, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) arranged in the first orientation (x) comprises at least a first row (11), a second row (12), a third row (13), a fourth row (14) that are parallel to one another, and a gap is defined between the first row (11) and the second row (12), between the second row (12) and the third row (13), and between the third row (13) and the fourth row (14); and each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the first row (11), one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second row (12), one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the third row (13), and one modular block (100, 200, 300) in the fourth row (14), so as to form a first plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (151) between the first row (11) and the second row (12), a second plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (152) between the second row (12) and the third row (13), and a third plurality of stacked quadrilateral structures (153) between the third row (13) and the fourth row (14).

13. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 12, wherein the modular blocks in the first orientation (x) comprise first modular blocks (100), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof; the modular blocks in the second orientation (y) comprise first modular blocks (100), second modular blocks (200), third modular blocks (300) or any combination thereof; each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the first row (11) is configured to be received in a gap defined between adjacent protrusions of a modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y); and each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the second row (12) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y);each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the third row (13) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y); each first modular block (100) or third modular block (300) in the fourth row (14) is configured to be received in a different gap defined between adjacent protrusions of the same or another modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y); and each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to interlock with the same or different first modular blocks ( 100) or third modular blocks (300) in the first row (11), the second row (12), the third row (13) and the fourth row (14) in the first orientation (x), such that each modular block (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) is configured to be alternately received in the gaps defined between adj acent protrusions of the first modular blocks ( 100) or third modular blocks (300) in each of the first row (11), second row (12), third row (13), and fourth row (14).

14. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to any one of Claims 5 to 13, wherein the single row or the parallel rows of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the first orientation (x) further comprise at least one second modular block (200) arranged at one or both ends of the single row or any of the parallel rows.

15. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to any one of Claims 7 to 13, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in adjacent parallel rows in the first orientation (x) are arranged in staggered configuration.

16. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to any one of Claims 7 to 13, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) in the second orientation (y) are arranged in staggered configuration.

17. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) have equal widths; andwidths (gi, g2, ga) of the gaps between adjacent protrusions of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300) are equal to the widths of the modular blocks (100, 200, 300).

18. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein a width (pa) of the second protrusion ( 122) of the first modular block (100) equals to a sum of widths (pi, p ) of the first protrusion (121) and third protrusions (123) ofthe first modular block (100); and the width (pi) of the first protrusion (121) equals to the width (pa) of the third protrusion (123).

19. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein a width (pa) of the second protrusion (122) of the first modular block (100) is greater than a sum of widths (pi, pa) ofthe first protrusion (121) and the third protrusion (123) of the first modular block (100), wherein the width (pi) of the first protrusion (121) is equal to, greater than or less than the width (pa) of the third protrusion (123).

20. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein a width (pi) of the first protrusion (221) of the second modular block (200) equals to a width (pa) of the second protrusion (222) of the second modular block (200).

21. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein a width (pi) of the first protrusion (221) of the second modular block (200) is greater than a width (pa) of the second protrusion (222) of the second modular block (200), or vice versa.

22. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein a width (pa) of the second protrusion (322) of the third modular block (300) equals to a width (pa) of the third protrusion (323) of the third modular block (300); the width (pa) of the second protrusion (322) of the third modular block (300) equals to a sum of widths (pi, pa) of the first protrusion (321) and fourth protrusions (324) of the third modular block (300); andthe width (pi) of the first protrusion (321) equals to the width (p4) of the fourth protrusion (324).

23. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein a width (p2) of the second protrusion (322) of the third modular block (300) equals to a width (p ) of the third protrusion (323) of the third modular block (300); the width (pa) of the second protrusion (322) of the third modular block (300) is greater than a sum of widths (pi, p4) of the first protrusion (321) and the fourth protrusion (324) of the third modular block (300); and the width (pi) of the first protrusion (321) is equal to, greater than or less than the width (p4) of the fourth protrusion (324).

24. The segmental retaining wall system (1) according to Claim 4, wherein any one or any combination of the protrusions (121, 122, 123) of the first modular block (100), the protrusions (221, 222) of the second modular block (200), the protrusions (321, 322, 323, 324) of the third modular block (300) and surfaces defining the gaps defined between the protrusions (121, 122, 123, 221, 222, 321, 322, 323, 324) comprise a chamfered edge or a rounded edge.

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