Phytosanitary treatment method based on electromagnetic signatures

Abstract

The present invention proposes a phytosanitary treatment method using activated water exposed to a modulated electromagnetic field. The modulation signal is prepared on the basis of a measurement performed by a solenoid encircling a vessel containing pure water and an active ingredient. The method comprises: - compensation of the modulation signal based on a reference measurement captured by the solenoid with pure water - prior treatment of the water by ultrasound (1 MHz, 1-5 W / cm2, pulsed at 100 Hz), followed by vortex stirring - a bandwidth for the modulation signal between 20 and 2000 Hz - application of the modulated electromagnetic field via a solenoid encircling the vessel containing the ultrasound-treated water.

Description

PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENT METHOD USING ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNATURES Scope of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of phytosanitary treatment of plants without residual chemical substances in order to reduce soil and water contamination and disruption of ecosystems.

[0002] The substitution of chemical plant protection products, particularly those whose effect is through enzymatic interaction, by an electromagnetic field applied to water, aims to solve several important problems related to agriculture, the environment and public health.

[0003] The transmission of phytosanitary effects from water containing active ingredients to pure water via an electromagnetic signal is a complex and theoretically unexplained process. Scientific understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transmission of biologically active properties through electromagnetic signals is insufficient to specifically explain the interaction mechanisms between an electromagnetic signal and pure water molecules to induce changes in their structure or properties, thereby reproducing the phytosanitary effects of the active ingredients. Nevertheless, experiments conducted by several laboratories have shown that the application of an electromagnetic field causes changes in the arrangement of water molecules that depend on several factors, including the intensity of the electromagnetic field, its frequency, and the duration of exposure.Here are some ways in which the arrangement of water molecules can change depending on the application of an electromagnetic field: Polarization of water molecules: An electromagnetic field can induce polarization of water molecules, meaning it can align the molecules' dipoles in a particular direction depending on the field's orientation. This can lead to a preferential organization or alignment of water molecules in a specific direction. Alteration of hydrogen bonds: Electromagnetic fields can disrupt the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, which can alter their spatial arrangement. Hydrogen bonds are weak but important interactions between water molecules, and their breaking or alteration can influence the structure and properties of water.Formation of clusters or ordered structures: Under the influence of an electromagnetic field, water molecules can form clusters or ordered structures, where several water molecules organize themselves in specific arrangements. These clusters may have different physical properties than those of water in its ordinary liquid state. Increased molecular mobility: In some cases, the application of an electromagnetic field can increase the mobility of water molecules, which can affect the viscosity and other properties of water.

[0004] The scientific research of Martin Chaplin, published in "Water Absorption Spectrum" (retrieved November 4, 2007), established that the water molecule exhibits three fundamental modes of molecular vibration. The shear vibration modes of OH lead to absorption bands with a band head at 3657 cm⁻¹. −1 (ν1, 2.734 µm) and 3.756 cm −1(ν3, 2.662 μm) in the gas phase. The asymmetric vibration with rotational symmetry C2v is a normal vibration mode. The HOH shear mode begins at 1595 cm −1 (ν2, 6.269 µm). Although the shear and stretching modes have the same A1 symmetry, their spectra do not overlap. In all three bands, a fine rotational structure is observed.13 ν3 has a series of partials at wavenumbers less than n ν3, n = 2, 3, 4, 5… Overlaps such as ν2 + ν3 are visible in the near-infrared.14,15

[0005] In summary, although the transmission of phytosanitary effects from water containing active ingredients to pure water from an electromagnetic signal still raises great scientific questions, theoretical foundations are emerging that could explain some of the observed phenomena, and in any case rule out the possibility that these phenomena would go against established scientific principles, even if the semantic formulation of some hypotheses is clumsy. State of the art

[0006] The Swiss company Planet Horizons™ has developed a system that allows plants to better assimilate fertilizers and minerals and noticeably increase agricultural yields.

[0007] Patent application EP1676815A1 describes a method of the invention based on the emission of electromagnetic fields in the 0-200 kHz range. Two methods are used to best meet the requirements of the intended applications. The first uses coils placed in a tube with a specific vortex generation system upstream of the coils to optimize the electromagnetic information transmitted to the liquid flow. The second uses antennas arranged within a tank.

[0008] Patent application EP1779122A4 relates to a "process for modifying the properties of water, a resulting product, and its applications." This patent application describes a process for modifying the properties of water by treating it with electromagnetic fields of a specific frequency and in the presence of certain substances, such as surfactants. The purpose of this process is to improve the physical and biological properties of water for various applications, including agriculture, the food industry, and medicine.

[0009] The patent application describes in detail the experimental conditions, the substances used, and the effects observed on the treated water. It highlights the potential advantages of this method, such as increased solubility of substances in water, reduced surface tension, and improved electrical conductivity. These modifications are expected to have beneficial applications in various fields, from agriculture to medicine.

[0010] Patent application JPH09187469A relates to an "apparatus and method for modifying the structure of water." This patent application describes an apparatus and method for modifying the molecular structure of water using specific electromagnetic fields.

[0011] The exact details of the apparatus and process, as well as the specific effects on water, are not available without direct access to the patent application. However, it is likely that the invention described in the patent application aims to modify the physical or chemical properties of water for specific purposes, such as improving its purity, electrical conductivity, or ability to dissolve substances.

[0012] Patent application EP2870483A1 relates to a "process and device for structuring water". This patent application describes a process and device for structuring water to improve its properties.

[0013] The precise details of the process and device, as well as the specific effects on water, are not available without direct access to the patent application. However, it is likely that the invention described in the patent application aims to modify the molecular structure of water in a way that improves its physical or chemical characteristics, such as its electrical conductivity, solubility, or nutrient-carrying capacity.

[0014] French patent application FR2783605A1 relates to a "Method for treating an aqueous composition by exposure to an electromagnetic field." This patent application describes a method for treating an aqueous composition by exposing it to an electromagnetic field.

[0015] Patent EP0701695A1 relates to a "Method for treating water by exposure to electromagnetic fields." This patent describes another method for treating water by exposing it to specific electromagnetic fields. Solution provided by the invention

[0016] The invention relates to a phytosanitary treatment method for plants using activated water that has been exposed to an electromagnetic field modulated by a signal whose characteristics are determined by measuring a signal captured by a solenoid surrounding a container containing pure water and an active ingredient, characterized in that: The preparation of the modulation signal includes a compensation step using the reference signal captured by said solenoid surrounding a container containing only pure water. The water to be activated is subjected, prior to the application of the electromagnetic field, to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 1 MHz and a power between 1 W / cm² and 5 W / cm², preferably 3 W / cm², the signal being pulsed at 100 Hz.This step is followed by agitation with a vortex. The bandwidth of said modulation signal is between 10 and 2000 Hz. The water is activated by the application of a modulated electromagnetic field to a solenoid surrounding a container holding the ultrasonically treated water.

[0017] Advantageously, the characterization of said modulation signal comprises: A calibration step consisting of capturing, in a range of 10 to 2000 Hz, the electromagnetic signal emitted by a container of pure water without active ingredients subjected to an electromagnetic signal modulated by white noise via a solenoid surrounding the container of pure water, amplifying and then sampling the captured signal; A step of determining the transfer function from the white noise and the captured signal; An acquisition step under the same conditions as the calibration step, of the signal emitted by a container of water to which a solution of an active ingredient has been added during the application of white noise corrected by said transfer function; A recording step of the signal captured and sampled during the acquisition step.spectral filtering and time-frequency analysis processing to remove signal noise in order to determine the modulation signal.

[0018] Detailed description of a non-limiting example of implementation

[0019] The present invention will be better understood upon reading the following description, concerning a non-limiting example of an embodiment illustrated by the accompanying drawings where:

[0020] This represents a schematic view of a system for acquiring a modulation signal.

[0021] This represents a schematic view of a system for activating water by applying a modulation signal. General principle of the invention

[0022] The general principle of the invention consists of modifying the intermolecular behavior in a sample of pure water by applying an electromagnetic field obtained under conditions where the water contains a solution of an active ingredient. This field modifies the interactions between water molecules, which are influenced by the electrical charge distribution in the molecules of the added active ingredient. This modification is captured in the form of electromagnetic signals emitted by a sample containing a solution of the active ingredient. These signals are then applied to a sample in the form of intense electromagnetic fields modulated by a signal determined from the signals emitted by the aforementioned sample, under specific conditions. The theoretical basis for these modifications relies on the dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds observed in water molecules and on the work of the German physicist Fritz London.London dispersion forces, also known as dispersion forces, are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and nonpolar molecules.

[0023] These forces arise due to spontaneous fluctuations in the distribution of electrons around atoms or molecules. Even in a nonpolar molecule where charges are uniformly distributed, electrons can momentarily move asymmetrically, creating a slight charge asymmetry called an instantaneous dipole. This instantaneous dipole can induce similar dipoles in neighboring molecules, thus creating an attractive force between them.

[0024] London dispersion forces are generally weaker than dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds, but they are always present in all substances, whether polar or nonpolar. They are responsible for certain physical properties of substances, such as their melting and boiling points.

[0025] In summary, London forces are weak but ubiquitous interactions between nonpolar molecules, resulting from fluctuations in electron distribution.

[0026] The present invention does not claim to provide the scientific basis for the observed effects. It relates to the experimental acquisition and treatment protocols that have made it possible to repeatedly reproduce phytosanitary treatments on plants, on several plant varieties, with different active ingredients, and in a reproducible manner over several seasons.

[0027] The invention is based primarily on the acquisition of a modulation signal. This modulation signal is determined by compensating the signal captured on a container containing pure water with a solution of the active ingredient, by the reference signal captured on the same container, containing only pure water, under the same conditions.

[0028] This modulation signal is filtered by a bandpass filter with a bandwidth between 10Hz and 2kHz, to provide a modulation signal.

[0029] This signal is then applied to another sample of pure water that has undergone prior treatment by ultrasound followed by agitation with a vortex.

[0030] The purified water thus prepared is then subjected to an electromagnetic field induced by a solenoid surrounding the container holding the pure water sample. The electrical signal is modulated by the modulation signal for a period of 5 to 30 minutes.

[0031] Optionally, compensation using a reference signal is performed as follows:

[0032] A calibration step is performed, consisting of capturing, within a range of 10 Hz to 2 kHz, the reference electromagnetic signal emitted by a container of pure water without active ingredients. This signal is then modulated by white noise via a solenoid surrounding the container. The captured signal is amplified and sampled. A transfer function is then determined from the white noise applied to the sample and the captured signal.

[0033] An acquisition step is then carried out under the same conditions as the calibration step, using the signal emitted by a container of water mixed with a solution of an active ingredient during the application of white noise corrected by said transfer function.

[0034] The process concludes with a recording stage of the signal captured and sampled during the acquisition stage, spectral filtering and time-frequency analysis processing to remove signal noise in order to determine the modulation signal. Detailed description of equipment

[0035] The equipment for capturing the modulation signal comprises, as is known, a container (1) surrounded by a solenoid (3) powered by a white noise generator (2) which supplies a signal to an amplifier (2b). The container (1) is made of a non-magnetic material:

[0036] • Most plastics

[0037] • The glass

[0038] • Non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, brass, and gold.

[0039] A magnetosensitive sensor (4) is in contact with the container holding the liquid (1). This magnetosensitive sensor (4) is connected by shielded coaxial cables to an analog preprocessing and amplifier circuit (5), the analog output of which is connected to an electronic circuit (6) that performs A / D sampling. This electronic circuit (6) is connected to a computer (8) that performs digital processing and records the resulting modulation signal. Acquisition of a modulation signal

[0040] The acquisition of the modulation signal includes a calibration step and a signal capture step with water containing a solution of the active ingredient.

[0041] The calibration step consists of preparing a sample of pure water. For the purposes of this patent, "pure water" means water with an ultrapure conductivity of less than 1 µSiemens / cm and preferably less than 0.1 µSiemens / cm at 25 °C. Such pure water can be obtained by reverse osmosis or distillation and, at a minimum, must be water that contains neither minerals nor bacteria and from which all magnesium, calcium, and silicon ions have been removed.

[0042] The production of ultrapure water from tap water generally involves two steps: pretreatment and polishing. Ideally, pretreatment reduces the main types of impurities (inorganic, organic, microbiological, and particulate) by more than 95%. Reverse osmosis, or reverse osmosis combined with ion exchange or electrodeionization (EDI), provides the best results. Ion exchange alone can also be used.

[0043] The first calibration step consists of applying a white signal to a sample of pure water via the solenoid (3). For the purposes of this patent, a "white signal" is defined as a signal that mixes all frequencies over a frequency range of 20 to 2,000 Hz. This white signal is a stochastic process that has the same power spectral density at all frequencies within this range. This corresponds to zero autocorrelation at every point except the origin: the process is uncorrelated. This decorrelation leads to a theoretically infinite average power or variance, which in practice is very high, exceeding 100. This white signal plays an important role in modeling the perturbations introduced into the signal measurements by the probe (4). It will be assumed that signals about which no specific information is available are centered, stationary, and Gaussian white noise.

[0044] The useful signal is then measured by a magnetosensitive sensor (4), for example a Hall probe, which is in contact with the container (1). This signal is amplified by the amplifier of the electronic circuit (5), and digitized by a sampler of the electronic circuit (6).

[0045] The next step is to calculate a transfer function between the white signal and the captured signal which will be used to correct the signal captured by the magnetosensitive sensor (4) in contact with the container containing pure water with added active ingredient solution (1).

[0046] The solution is prepared from type I ultrapure water, filtered through an activated carbon filter to remove any pre-existing information. The active ingredient of the plant protection product is then added to obtain a 1 micromolar dilution. The solution is then vigorously shaken using a vortex mixer.

[0047] The next step is signal acquisition: The test tube (1) containing the solution is positioned so that it is in contact with the magnetosensitive sensor (2). The white noise signal feeding the solenoid (3) is adjusted by applying the previously determined transfer function. The signal captured by the magnetosensitive probe (2) is amplified, converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter, and finally recorded. The modulation signal will correspond to the frequency filtering of this signal.

[0048] Preparation of activated water by applying a modulation signal

[0049] To prepare activated water, a sample of ultrapure water is prepared by filtering water through an activated carbon filter to remove any residual traces. The purified water is then vigorously agitated using a vortex mixer.

[0050] The water is contained in a container (11) surrounded by a coil (3) which is energized by a signal from an amplifier (10) powered by the analog signal delivered by a digital-to-analog converter (9). This converter (9) receives the signal previously recorded on the computer (8).

[0051] The water contained in the container (1) is subjected to ultrasonic excitation at 1 MHz and a power of 3W / cm², pulsed at 100 Hz, followed by vigorous agitation with the vortex.

[0052] The container (11) containing the pure water thus prepared is then placed inside the solenoid (3). This solenoid (3) is supplied with an electric current of a peak voltage of 4 volts, modulated by the modulation signal prepared previously, for a period of approximately 20 minutes.

[0053] The container is then vigorously shaken with the vortex.

[0054] To improve penetration into plant cells, the water is supplemented with a non-ionic surfactant, such as rapeseed oil, an ethoxylated vegetable oil, incorporated into the water at a concentration of 1%. Plant treatment

[0055] The application to plants must be done with tools that do not disturb the activated water thus prepared, under conditions that guarantee the plant's enzymatic interaction. The example used here is spinach, Spinacia oleracea, of the Amaranthaceae family.

[0056] The conditions that promote enzymatic interaction in spinach leaves are as follows: Light: Spinach, being photosynthetic plants, responds well to adequate light. Exposure to natural light or specific wavelengths favorable to photosynthesis (particularly blue and red) will enhance the sensitivity of the enzymes targeted by functional water. Temperature: Spinach prefers moderate temperatures for optimal growth, generally between 15°C and 24°C. Applying functional water within this temperature range will promote natural enzymatic activity and sensitivity to inhibitors. CO₂ concentration: In a controlled environment or greenhouse, increasing the CO₂ concentration will stimulate photosynthesis and, consequently, potentially increase the effectiveness of functional water targeting photosynthetic enzymes.Humidity: A relative humidity of 60 to 80% is beneficial for spinach, as it helps maintain leaf hydration and facilitates the absorption and translocation of enzyme inhibitors throughout the plant. Application Method and Timing: Outdoors, a foliar application in the early morning or late afternoon reduces the risk of rapid evapotranspiration and ensures a longer duration of functional water contact with the cells. Growth Stage: Application to young spinach leaves is more effective, as they are generally more metabolically active and more permeable to treatments. Active ingredients tested

[0057] The experimental trials were carried out with active ingredients based on enzymatic interaction such as herbicides that use enzyme inhibition specifically target enzymes essential to plant metabolism.

[0058] Here are some classes of herbicides based on enzyme inhibition and the metabolic pathways they target.

[0059] A. Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) or Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors

[0060] (AHAS)

[0061] These herbicides prevent the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine) by inhibiting the ALS or AHAS enzyme. Examples:

[0062] • Sulfonylureas (e.g. chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl)

[0063] • Imidazolinones (e.g. imazethapyr, imazamox)

[0064] B. Photosynthesis Inhibitors

[0065] Some herbicides block photosynthesis by acting on specific enzymes of the photosynthetic process.

[0066] • Photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors (e.g., atrazine, simazine) prevent electron transfer within photosynthesis, causing plant death from excess light.

[0067] C. Fatty Acid Elongation Inhibitors

[0068] These herbicides interfere with lipid synthesis by blocking the enzyme responsible for fatty acid elongation, which is essential for the formation of cell membranes.

[0069] • Cyclohexanediones (e.g. sethoxydim, clethodim)

[0070] • Phenylpyrazolines (e.g. pinoxaden)

[0071] D. EPSP Synthase Inhibitors

[0072] These herbicides prevent the synthesis of aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase.

[0073] • Glyphosate is the best-known example of this class, acting as a broad-spectrum, non-selective inhibitor.

[0074] • Glufosinate is a glutamine synthetase inhibitor

[0075] E. Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) Inhibitors

[0076] These herbicides block the PPO enzyme, leading to an accumulation of protoporphyrinogen which becomes toxic to the plant under the action of light.

[0077] • Diphenyl ethers (e.g. oxyfluorfen, acifluorfen)

[0078] F. Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHP) Inhibitors

[0079] They prevent folate synthesis by inhibiting the DHP enzyme, which is necessary for DNA production and other cellular processes.

[0080] • Sulfonamides (e.g. sulfometuron-methyl)

[0081] G. HPPD (4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase) Inhibitors

[0082] These herbicides prevent the formation of carotenoids, which are essential to protect the plant against damage caused by light.

[0083] • Isoxazoles (e.g. isoxaflutole)

[0084] • Triketones (e.g. mesotrione, sulcotrione)

[0085] H. Electron Transfer Inhibitors / Free Radical Producers

[0086] These herbicides accept electrons during the photosynthesis process, preventing normal electron transfer.

[0087] • Paraquat

[0088] • Diquat Trials with fungicidal active ingredients

[0089] Experimental trials were then carried out with active ingredients based on enzymatic interaction that specifically target certain metabolic pathways or enzymes essential to the development and survival of fungi.

[0090] Here are some classes of fungicides based on enzyme inhibition:

[0091] A. Sterol Synthesis Inhibitors (SI)

[0092] These fungicides inhibit the enzyme involved in the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of the fungal cell membrane. Without ergosterol, the cell membrane cannot maintain its integrity, leading to the death of the fungus.

[0093] • Triazoles (e.g. tebuconazole, propiconazole)

[0094] • Imidazoles (e.g. prochloraz)

[0095] • Morpholines (e.g. fenpropimorph)

[0096] B. Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Respiration

[0097] These fungicides disrupt the electron transport chain in mitochondria, preventing the production of ATP necessary for the fungus's survival. Examples include:

[0098] • Strobilurines (e.g., azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl) that inhibit complex III of the respiratory chain.

[0099] • Carboxamides (e.g., fluxapyroxad, boscalid) that target complex II.

[0100] C. Inhibitors of RNA and DNA Synthesis

[0101] Some fungicides work by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for DNA replication or RNA transcription, thereby affecting cell division and fungal growth. Examples include:

[0102] • Phenylamides (e.g., mefenoxam) that inhibit RNA polymerase.

[0103] D. 4. Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors

[0104] These fungicides inhibit the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway leading to the synthesis of purine or pyrimidine bases necessary for the production of DNA and RNA.

[0105] • Anilinopyrimidines (e.g., pyrimethanil) which act on cell division and cell wall biosynthesis.

[0106] E. 5. Cell Wall Biosynthesis Inhibitors

[0107] Some fungicides target enzymes involved in the synthesis of chitin or other components of the fungal cell wall.

[0108] • Echinocandins (although used primarily in medicine as antifungals, they represent an example of inhibitors of cell wall synthesis).

[0109] A third series of trials focused on insecticides used to protect plants that operate via enzyme inhibition, targeting key enzymes in insect pests, thereby blocking vital processes and causing their death.

[0110] Here are some of the main types of insecticides based on enzyme inhibition:

[0111] A. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors

[0112] • Examples: Organophosphates (such as malathion, chlorpyrifos) and carbamates (such as carbaryl, carbofuran).

[0113] • Action: These insecticides inhibit AChE, a key enzyme in the insect nervous system that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

[0114] B. Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors

[0115] • Examples: Diflubenzuron, lufenuron.

[0116] • Action: They disrupt the formation of chitin, an essential component of the insect exoskeleton. By blocking chitin synthesis, these insecticides prevent insects from molting and developing normally.

[0117] C. Cytochrome P450 Complex Inhibitors

[0118] • Action: The cytochrome P450 complex in insects is involved in the detoxification of foreign substances (xenobiotics) and hormonal regulation. Insecticides that inhibit this family of enzymes can prevent insects from metabolizing and detoxifying effectively, leading to their death.

[0119] D. Voltage-Generated Sodium Channel Inhibitors

[0120] • Examples: Pyrethroids (such as permethrin, deltamethrin).

[0121] • Action: Although they act primarily by altering the sodium channels of neurons, leading to nerve overstimulation, their action indirectly affects the enzymatic activity regulating these channels, demonstrating the diversity of enzymatic targets and mechanisms of action in plant protection.

[0122] E. Protease Inhibitors

[0123] • Examples: New classes of insecticides under development.

[0124] • Action: These insecticides target protease enzymes, which play a crucial role in protein digestion in insects. Their inhibition disrupts the insect's protein metabolism, leading to its death.

[0125] A fourth series of trials was conducted with active ingredients of the plant growth regulator type: Substances that influence plant development, such as accelerating germination or modifying fruit growth.

[0126] Plant growth regulators (PCRs) based on enzymatic changes can promote or inhibit growth depending on the type of enzyme targeted and how it interacts with plant metabolic pathways. The use of certain plant growth regulators can lead to a significant reduction in the need for fertilizers.

[0127] Here are some regulators and how they work:

[0128] A. Auxins: Plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and orientation in response to light and gravity. They act by influencing the activity of indole-auxin acid (IAA), an enzyme involved in auxin synthesis. By improving plant root development, auxins can increase nutrient and water uptake, thereby reducing reliance on fertilizers.

[0129] B. Cytokinins: These plant hormones promote cell division and growth. They act by modifying the activity of enzymes involved in protein synthesis and RNA metabolism. Cytokinins can also positively influence photosynthesis, thus improving the plant's overall nutrient uptake efficiency.

[0130] C. Gibberellins: Hormones that stimulate the growth of the stem and other parts of the plant. They affect the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of gibberellins. Gibberellins can also influence seed maturation and germination, which can lead to more efficient nutrient use in the early stages of development.

[0131] D. Ethylene: A gaseous plant hormone that regulates various aspects of plant development, including fruit ripening, leaf fall, and flowering. Ethylene acts by altering the activity of enzymes involved in its own synthesis as well as other metabolic pathways.

[0132] E. Growth inhibitors such as abscisic acid (ABA), which plays a role in the response to water stress and growth inhibition. ABA affects the activity of enzymes involved in water and electrolyte metabolism in the plant.

[0133] F. Synthetic regulators: Chemical compounds synthesized to mimic or inhibit the action of natural plant hormones. For example, growth retardants such as paclobutrazol work by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme gibberellin synthase, thereby reducing gibberellin synthesis and the plant's growth rate.

[0134] These growth regulators act at various levels of cell signaling and metabolism, resulting in fine-tuning of plant growth and development. Their use allows for the manipulation of plant size, the improvement of fruit production, the synchronization of flowering, and the management of plant responses to environmental stresses.

[0135] The following experimental tests were carried out with nematicide-type active ingredients: Chemical substances used to control or eliminate nematodes

[0136] (roundworms) that attack plant roots.

[0137] Nematicides that use enzymatic interaction as their mechanism of action target essential biological systems in nematodes to neutralize them. These chemical or biological agents can interfere with key enzymes, thereby disrupting vital nematode processes such as digestion, reproduction, and motility.

[0138] Here are some classes of nematicides and their active ingredients that work by exploiting enzymatic interactions:

[0139] A. Chitin synthase inhibitors: These nematicides work by inhibiting the chitin synthase enzyme, which is necessary for the formation of chitin in the cell wall of nematodes. Without chitin, nematodes cannot maintain their body structure, leading to their death.

[0140] B. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors: Some nematicides work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme essential for nerve transmission. Inhibition of this enzyme causes an accumulation of acetylcholine, leading to paralysis and ultimately the death of the nematode.

[0141] C. Ion channel agonists / antagonists: Although not directly enzymes, these nematicides affect the functioning of enzyme-regulated ion channels, disrupting ionic balance and nerve signals in nematodes.

[0142] D. Natural products and biopesticides:

[0143] • Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly known as Paecilomyces lilacinus), a fungus, produces enzymes that degrade the cuticle of nematode eggs, thus inhibiting their development.

[0144] • Bacillus firmus produces compounds that disrupt the metabolism of nematodes, including enzymes involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

[0145] E. Lipid synthesis inhibitors: Some nematicides can target enzymes involved in the synthesis of lipids essential for nematodes, disrupting their ability to maintain their cellular structures and energy.

[0146] Other trials have been conducted with rodenticide-type active ingredients. Although primarily intended for rodents, they are sometimes used in an agricultural context to protect crops.

[0147] Rodenticides that work by targeting enzymatic interactions generally act by disrupting vital biological processes in rodents, leading to their death. These chemicals interfere with specific enzymes, causing critical dysfunctions in metabolism, blood clotting, or other essential physiological pathways.

[0148] Here are some of the most commonly used rodenticides based on enzymatic interaction:

[0149] A. Anticoagulants: These are among the most widely used rodenticides and work by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, a key enzyme in the vitamin K recycling cycle. This prevents the synthesis of vital clotting factors, resulting in ineffective blood clotting and ultimately death from internal bleeding. Anticoagulants are classified into two categories:

[0150] • First generation anticoagulants: warfarin, chlorophacinone, coumatetralyl.

[0151] • Second-generation anticoagulants: brodifacoum, difenacoum, flocoumafen. These are more potent and have a longer-lasting effect, making them effective with a single dose.

[0152] B. Urease enzyme inhibitors: Although less common, some rodenticides work by inhibiting urease, an enzyme involved in urea metabolism in rodents. This can lead to a toxic buildup of ammonia in the body, resulting in metabolic failures.

[0153] C. Alphachloralose: Acts on the central nervous system by inhibiting certain enzymes responsible for the breakdown of neurotransmitters, causing hypothermia and profound sedation that can be fatal, especially in cold environments. Although its action is not strictly limited to interaction with a specific enzyme, it affects energy metabolism and nerve regulation.

[0154] D. Bromethalin: A neurotoxin that disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism by inhibiting the oxidative enzyme phosphorylase, leading to central nervous system failure, cerebral edema, and ultimately death. Bromethalin does not act by anticoagulation like the other rodenticides mentioned previously.

[0155] These rodenticides, particularly anticoagulants, are widely used but raise environmental and public health concerns, notably due to the risk of bioaccumulation and the potential for untargeted poisoning of other wild or domestic animals. Switching to their activated water substitute according to the invention resolves a large part of this problem.

[0156] Application to active principles formed by attractants and repellents

[0157] For substances that attract (e.g., pheromones) or repel (bitter or unpleasant substances) insects or other animals without killing them directly.

[0158] Plant protection products classified as attractants and repellents often use natural or synthetic substances to attract or repel insects and other crop pests. Although the focus on enzymatic interaction is not as direct as with insecticides or nematicides, some of these products can influence pest behavior by interfering with enzymatic systems involved in odor detection or metabolism.

[0159] Here are some plant protection products of the attractant and repellent type that act, directly or indirectly, via enzymatic mechanisms:

[0160] A. Pheromones: Used as attractants, pheromones are chemical substances emitted by insects to communicate with each other. They are often used in pheromone traps to attract pest insects to a specific source, diverting them from crops or enabling their capture. Pheromones act by interacting with the olfactory receptors of insects, which are regulated by specific enzymes responsible for signaling and processing olfactory information.

[0161] B. Volatile fatty acids: Some volatile fatty acids are used as repellents against insects and other pests. They can interfere with the enzymatic mechanisms of sensory receptors or the energy metabolism of pests, repelling them or making them less likely to attack treated plants.

[0162] C. Essential Oils: The compounds present in certain essential oils, such as eucalyptol, citronellol, and geraniol, can act as repellents or attractants, depending on the target insect. These substances can affect enzymes related to sensory perception or feeding behavior in insects.

[0163] D. Azadirachtin: Extracted from the neem tree, azadirachtin has repellent and insecticidal properties. It interferes with the hormonal regulation of insects, affecting developmental, reproductive, and feeding processes, probably by acting on key enzymes involved in hormone synthesis or metabolism.

[0164] Although the use of these substances as attractants or repellents may not specifically target enzymes in their mode of action, they influence biological processes that are, ultimately, regulated by enzymes.

[0165] Application with antibiotics for plants

[0166] The enzymatic effects of antibiotics, listed below, primarily involve the inhibition of enzymes necessary for protein synthesis. They do this by binding to bacterial ribosomes and disrupting the translation process. This inhibition leads to the bacteria's inability to synthesize vital proteins, resulting in their death or inability to reproduce. Streptomycin: Used to treat bacterial infections in plants, such as fire blight of apple and pear trees, caused by Erwinia amylovora. The enzymatic mechanism of action causes streptomycin to bind to bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis and leading to bacterial death. Tetracyclines: Used to control bacterial diseases in citrus crops and other plants.The enzymatic mechanism of tetracyclines inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, preventing the addition of amino acids to the forming polypeptide chain. Kasugamycin: Used primarily in Asia to control rice diseases such as bacterial blight (caused by Xanthomonas oryzae). The enzymatic mechanism inhibits protein translation by binding to the A site of bacterial ribosomes, disrupting tRNA binding. Oxytetracycline: Used to treat bacterial plant diseases, including some fruit tree diseases. The enzymatic mechanism inhibits protein synthesis by preventing tRNA binding to the ribosome, similar to other tetracyclines.

Claims

– A phytosanitary treatment process for plants using activated water that has been exposed to an electromagnetic field modulated by a modulation signal whose characteristics are determined by measuring a signal captured by a solenoid surrounding a container containing pure water and an active ingredient, characterized in that: The preparation of said modulation signal includes a compensation step using the reference signal captured by said solenoid surrounding a container containing only pure water. The water to be activated is subjected, prior to the application of the electromagnetic field, to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 1 MHz and a power applied by an electrode between 1 W / cm² and 5 W / cm², pulsed at 100 Hz.followed by agitation with a vortex. The bandwidth of said modulation signal is between 20 and 2000 Hz. The water is activated by applying a modulated electromagnetic field to a solenoid surrounding a container holding the ultrasonically treated water. – A phytosanitary treatment process for plants according to claim 1, characterized in that the characterization of said modulation signal comprises: A calibration step consisting of capturing, in a range of 20 to 2,000 Hz, the reference electromagnetic signal emitted by a container containing pure water without active ingredients subjected to an electromagnetic signal modulated by white noise via a solenoid surrounding the container containing the pure water, amplifying and then sampling the captured signal; A step of determining the transfer function from the white noise and the captured signal; A step of acquiring, under the same conditions as the calibration step, the signal emitted by a container containing water to which a solution of an active ingredient has been added during the application of white noise corrected by said transfer function; A step of recording the signal captured and sampled during the acquisition step.spectral filtering and time-frequency analysis processing to remove signal noise in order to determine the modulation signal.

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