Insertion tip for geotechnical applications, support element and support element system

Abstract

The invention relates to an insertion tip (1) for geotechnical applications, which insertion tip extends along a longitudinal central axis (L) and has: a centring section (3) which has a first longitudinal end (4) and a second longitudinal end and which forms at least one tip end (6) at the first longitudinal end (4) of the centring section, wherein the insertion tip (1) has a connection (19) for a rod of a support element, at least one cavity (21) for conducting fluid, and at least one first outer opening (22), and the cavity (21) is fluidically connected to the outer opening (22). For an advantageous embodiment, the invention proposes that the insertion tip (1) has: a displacement section (10) which has a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, wherein the first longitudinal end is closer than the second longitudinal end to the centring section (3) and has a smaller cross-section perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal centre axis (L) than the second longitudinal end and / or a smaller widest radial extension in relation to the geometric longitudinal central axis (L), and a support section (13) which has a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, of which the first longitudinal end is closer than the second longitudinal end to the displacement section (10). The invention also relates to an insertion tip (1) which has an end section (7), to a support element system which has an insertion tip (1) according to the invention, and to a support element which has an insertion tip (1) according to the invention.

Description

Description Insertion tip for geotechnical applications, load-bearing element and load-bearing element system field of technology

[0001] According to a first aspect, the invention relates to an insertion tip for geotechnical applications, in particular for a support member or for a support member system, wherein the insertion tip extends along a geometric longitudinal center axis and comprises: a centering section having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, wherein the centering section forms at least one tip end at its first longitudinal end, and in particular an end section having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the first longitudinal end of which is located closer to the centering section compared to the second longitudinal end, wherein the insertion tip has a connection for a rod of a support member, at least one cavity for guiding fluid through it, and at least one first outer opening, and wherein the cavity is in fluid-permeable communication with the outer opening.

[0002] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to an insertion tip for geotechnical applications, in particular for a structural member or for a structural member system, wherein the insertion tip extends along a geometric longitudinal center axis and comprises: a centering section having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, wherein the centering section forms at least one tip end at its first longitudinal end, and an end section having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the first longitudinal end being located closer to the centering section compared to the second longitudinal end, wherein the insertion tip has a connection for a rod of a support member, having at least one cavity for the passage of fluid and at least one first outer opening, wherein the cavity is in fluid-permeable communication with the outer opening, wherein the opening is arranged on the rear side of the end section at its second longitudinal end, that the connection has a bore whose bore centerline lies on the geometric longitudinal center axis, wherein an internal thread is formed in the bore or circumferential sections of an internal thread are formed, and wherein the geometric longitudinal center axis passes through the rear opening.

[0003] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a support member system.

[0004] According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a load-bearing member. State of the art

[0005] The prior art includes insertion tips from DE 19712 181 Al. This publication concerns drill bits for a drill or injection anchor for soft, cohesive soils such as loam, clay, or loam. Such drill bits comprise a centering section formed by drill bit wings and an end section into whose threaded bore an anchor rod with a matching external thread can be screwed.

[0006] Although such drill bits are advantageous compared to numerous other drill bit types for installing drill or injection anchors in soft, cohesive soils, practical application has shown that further improvements are needed, particularly in certain applications. For example, when installing so-called self-drilling system anchors, Drilling in cohesive soils can lead to a problem where soil material and water present in the fluid (containing water and cement) supplied through the drill bit during drilling mix in such a way that the soil material swells, forming a viscous, sticky mass that wraps around the drill string, similar to yeast dough. Depending on the application, this soil adhesion can make it difficult or impossible to achieve the complete cementitious covering of the anchor rods necessary for long-term corrosion protection. The problem can be explained scientifically by the fact that cohesive soils begin to swell immediately upon contact with water. Drilling with a water-cement slurry, especially one with a low cement content, therefore contributes to this problem.To counteract this adverse effect as much as possible, sections of the flushing channel in the drill bit known from DE 19712 181 Al are designed such that a spray jet has a backward-directed component that forms an acute angle with the drill bit axis. The known drill bit has several drill bit wings that extend radially beyond a cylindrical end section of the drill bit. As the known drill bit bores into the borehole, the soil at the bottom of the borehole can be loosened by means of the drill bit wings, and drill cuttings are formed, which are then carried away from the borehole bottom by the drill bit. Even when such drill cuttings, especially from cohesive soils, come into contact with water, the described adverse effect occurs, and the drill cuttings swell and adhere to the drill bit and possibly to the drill string.The drill cuttings moved within the borehole can also become embedded in the cementitious rock cover formed behind the drill bit between the drill string and the borehole wall, which in turn makes it more difficult to achieve the complete cementitious rock cover necessary for permanent corrosion protection.

[0007] In the past, consideration was given to preventing soil swelling by adding additives, such as fly ash, to the cement slurry that is poured into the hole formed in the ground. However, this approach has so far met with objections. Summary of the invention

[0008] Against this background, the present invention aims to provide an advantageous insertion tip. In particular, the invention seeks to ensure that one or more, and preferably all, of the aforementioned limitations and disadvantages can be avoided by means of an insertion tip according to the invention. In particular, the invention also aims to ensure that an insertion tip according to the invention can be used with existing self-drilling systems.

[0009] To solve the problem, the invention, according to its first aspect, proposes first and essentially that the insertion tip comprises: a displacement section having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, wherein the first longitudinal end of the displacement section is located closer to the centering section compared to the second longitudinal end of the displacement section and has a smaller cross-section perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis and / or a smaller widest radial extent with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis compared to the second longitudinal end of the displacement section; and a support section having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the first longitudinal end of which is located closer to the displacement section compared to the second longitudinal end.The displacement section advantageously facilitates the fact that, compared to a known drill bit, when the insertion tip is preferably inserted into soil, especially cohesive soil, in the hole formed in the soil by rotating or rotary percussion. The displacement of soil fragments can be comparatively reduced or almost completely, or even entirely, avoided. The displacement section facilitates the lateral displacement of the adjacent soil by the insertion tip according to the invention when penetrating the subsoil, instead of crushing it. The support section following the displacement section in the insertion direction can, in turn, facilitate the support and stabilization of the side wall of the hole formed during soil displacement. This advantageously allows the side wall of the hole formed during insertion into the soil to be cylindrical or substantially cylindrical in shape.For insertion into the ground, the insertion point can be connected via its connection to a rod comprising one or more sections. A known device for rotary or rotary-percussive drive and for supplying cement slurry or cement mortar can be connected to the longitudinal end of the rod furthest from the insertion point. The cement slurry or cement mortar can be supplied to the insertion point through a hollow channel running through the sections and any coupling sleeves used to connect them, and injected through the cavity inside the insertion point and the outer opening into the hole formed by the insertion point in the ground.

[0010] Regarding the second aspect mentioned at the outset, the invention proposes, to solve the underlying problem, first and essentially, that when considering a geometric projection of the internal thread onto the rear opening along the geometric longitudinal center axis, within a border of the rear opening, a distance is present along the entire circumference of the border or in at least a circumferential section of the border between the border of the rear opening and the thread core diameter of the internal thread, and in particular also between the border of the rear opening and the thread outer diameter of the internal thread, that the insertion tip in particular a The displacement section comprises a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, wherein the first longitudinal end of the displacement section is located closer to the centering section compared to the second longitudinal end of the displacement section and has a smaller cross-section perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis and / or a smaller widest radial extent with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis compared to the second longitudinal end of the displacement section; and the insertion tip, in particular, comprises a support section comprising a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the first longitudinal end of which is located closer to the displacement section compared to the second longitudinal end. This distance may, for example, be of a uniform or variable size along the entire circumference of the edge.Due to the spacing, the aforementioned rear-mounted opening can advantageously serve two functions. Firstly, a rod can be inserted through this opening into the connection of the insertion tip and connected to it, for example, by screwing the rod's external thread into a corresponding internal thread of the connection. Secondly, depending on the existing spacing, an open passage, or possibly several open passages, is created between the edge of the rear opening and a rod connected to the insertion tip via the connection, allowing cement grout or cement mortar to pass through. Thus, cement grout or cement mortar can be fed from the cavity of the insertion tip into the hole formed during insertion into the substrate through the rear-mounted opening. This advantageously offers the possibility of supplying cement grout or cement mortar to the substrate.Cement mortar is introduced into the hole formed in the ground only at the rear end of the insertion tip, relative to the axial insertion direction, through the annular gap or segments formed between the rod or rods and an edge of the outer opening. The cement suspension or cement mortar can preferably be introduced in one direction into the formed hole. The exit hole is oriented in the opposite direction to the axial insertion direction of the insertion tip, or at least has a directional component parallel to the axial insertion direction but opposite to it. An additional advantage is that the cement slurry or cement mortar exits adjacent to the rod inserted into the insertion tip, ensuring good contact between the rod and the resulting cement paste. Furthermore, the rearward placement of this opening on the insertion tip is considered advantageous, as it maximizes the distance between the point of supply of the cement slurry or cement mortar and the centering and displacement sections. This also effectively counteracts undesirable swelling of the soil material.

[0011] For the supply of fluid into a hole formed in the ground when using a drill bit according to the first aspect of the invention and / or according to the second aspect of the invention, its cavity is in fluid-permeable communication with its outer opening. For this purpose, the outer opening can, for example, border the cavity, or a fluid-permeable passage, such as a borehole or channel, can extend between the cavity and the outer opening. The fluid in the application of the insertion tip can, for example, be cement mortar, for instance with a water-cement ratio of w / c = 0.4 - 0.5 or, for example, with a different water-cement ratio.

[0012] Regarding the insertion tips according to the invention, there are numerous possibilities for appropriate and advantageous further development:

[0013] Regarding an insertion tip according to the first aspect of the invention, for example, it is possible that the opening on the end section is arranged on the rear side at its second longitudinal end, that the connection has a bore whose bore centerline lies on the geometric longitudinal center axis, that internal threads are formed in the bore or circumferential sections of an internal thread are formed, and that the geometric longitudinal center axis runs through the rear opening.In particular, in connection with this, it is possible that, when considering a geometric projection of the internal thread onto the rear opening directed along the geometric longitudinal center axis, a distance exists within an edge of the rear opening between the edge of the rear opening and the thread core diameter of the internal thread, and especially also between the edge of the rear opening and the thread outer diameter of the internal thread, along the entire circumference of the edge or in at least a circumferential section of the edge. This advantageously allows features of the first aspect of the invention to be combined with features of the second aspect of the invention, with reference to the remaining description regarding the possible embodiment and the achievable advantages.

[0014] Regarding an insertion tip according to the first aspect of the present invention and also regarding an insertion tip according to the second aspect of the present invention, there are numerous further possibilities for advantageous and appropriate design and further development:

[0015] It is possible that on an outer surface of the displacement section, its radial distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis between the longitudinal ends of the displacement section in the direction of whose second longitudinal end increases and / or that the size of cross-sections perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis of the displacement section between the longitudinal ends of the displacement section increases in the direction towards its second longitudinal end.

[0016] It is possible that the centering section and the displacement section are manufactured as a first component, that the support section and the end section are manufactured as a second component, that the second longitudinal end of the displacement section is connected to the first longitudinal end of the support section, in particular by means of one or more welded joints, that the second component, in particular at the first longitudinal end of the support section, has a cross-section oriented perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis, the outer edge of which lies along its entire or partial circumference around the geometric longitudinal center axis on an imaginary geometric circle that is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis.and that the radial distance of the geometric circle from the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than or equal to the greatest radial distance of the first component at its outer surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis. This has a beneficial effect on the desired formation of a cylindrically edged hole when the insertion tip is inserted into a soil or subsoil. If, in an embodiment, one or more welded joints extending radially beyond the displacement section and / or the support section are present, this is not considered in the preceding or following descriptions of the invention.

[0017] It is possible that the second component, located between the first and second longitudinal ends of the support section, has a uniform cross-sectional contour oriented perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis, with its outer edge lying on an imaginary geometric circle that is rotationally symmetrical to the geometric longitudinal center axis along its entire circumference or a partial circumference. The length of the support section along the geometric longitudinal center axis may be between 200 and 300 millimeters or greater than 300 millimeters. These characteristics also advantageously promote the cylindrical formation and stabilization of the lateral wall of the hole widened by the displacement section.If the side wall of the hole is cylindrical, a ring- or sleeve-shaped cement stone covering of the rod forms in the hole between the rod connected to the insertion tip and the side wall of the hole, whereby an outer surface of the cement stone covering may also be cylindrical or nearly cylindrical.

[0018] It is possible that the support section, either continuously or in at least one longitudinal segment, has an external surface along the geometric longitudinal center axis that is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis, wherein the surface is cylindrical and the radial distance of the surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than or equal to the greatest radial distance of the displacement section at its outer surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis. This also has a beneficial effect on the desired formation of a cylindrically edged hole when the insertion tip is driven into soil or subsoil.

[0019] It is possible that the support section, either continuously or in at least one longitudinal segment, has an external surface along the geometric longitudinal center axis that is rotationally symmetrical to the geometric longitudinal center axis, with the greatest radial distance of the surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis being greater than or equal to the greatest radial distance of the displacement section at its outer surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis. This can also have an advantageous effect on the desired formation of a cylindrically edged hole when the insertion tip is driven into soil or subsoil, even if the surface of the support section is not cylindrically shaped.

[0020] It is possible that the support section, either continuously or in at least one longitudinal segment, has an external surface along the geometric longitudinal center axis. This surface lies, at least in some circumferential segments, on a hull that is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis. The hull is cylindrical, and its radial distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than or equal to the greatest radial distance of the displacement section at its outer surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis. This can also have an advantageous effect on the desired formation of a cylindrically edged hole when the insertion tip is driven into soil or subsoil.

[0021] It is possible that the support section along the geometric longitudinal center axis has an external surface either continuously or in at least one longitudinal segment, which lies at least circumferentially on a surface rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis, with the largest radial The distance of the enveloping surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than or equal to the greatest radial distance of the displacement section at its outer surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis. This can also have an advantageous effect on the desired formation of a cylindrically edged hole when the insertion tip is driven into soil or subsoil.

[0022] It is possible that half the difference between the diameter of the surface of the support section, which is rotationally symmetrical to the geometric longitudinal center axis, and a thread diameter of the internal thread, in particular the thread outer diameter or, more specifically, the thread root diameter of the internal thread, lies in a range of 20 mm to 100 mm. This enables particularly effective corrosion protection for one or more rods connected to the insertion tip.

[0023] It is possible that the cavity extends into the support section and the end section and is bounded by an outer wall of the insertion tip, that the support section has a first tubular outer wall section extending, in particular, from the first longitudinal end of the support section to the second longitudinal end of the support section, and that the end section has a second tubular outer wall section extending, in particular, from the first longitudinal end of the end section to the second longitudinal end of the end section, wherein the first tubular outer wall section and the second tubular outer wall section are formed integrally or are connected to each other, in particular by a sealing connection. This allows for a simple and cost-effective design of the insertion tip.

[0024] It is also possible that the length of the support section along the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than the length of the centering section and / or greater than the length of the displacement section, in particular that the ratio of the length of the support section to the sum of the lengths of the centering section and the displacement section is in the range of 0.6 to 1.0, especially in the range of 0.7 to 0.9. Preferably, for example, the length of the support section is in the range of 200 to 300 mm, although other lengths are also possible. With increasing length of the support section, the distance between the rear-mounted outer opening for the discharge of cement slurry or cement mortar and the centering section and the displacement section can be increased, thereby effectively counteracting swelling of the soil material.

[0025] It is possible that the outer surface of the outer wall section of the support section, from its first longitudinal end to its second longitudinal end, is cylindrical in shape and has a length and a diameter, where the ratio of this length to this diameter lies within the range of 1.2 to 2. This range of values ​​has proven advantageous. However, it is understood that other ratio values ​​are also possible.

[0026] It is possible that, on the outer surface of the outer wall section of the support section, differences in the radial distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis exist between the first and second longitudinal ends of the support section, with the maximum difference occurring with respect to the smallest occurring radial distance being less than 10 percent, in particular less than 5 percent. Even a thus at least approximately The cylindrical outer surface of the support section promotes stabilization of the side wall of the hole formed when it is inserted into the ground.

[0027] It is possible for the rear opening to have a circular border and to be arranged concentrically to the geometric longitudinal center axis, with a diameter relative to the clear width of the rear opening being larger than the thread core diameter of the internal thread and, in particular, larger than the thread outer diameter of the internal thread. This allows an annular gap to be formed between an edge of the rear opening, which has the diameter relative to the clear width of the rear opening, and the outer surface of the rod connected to the insertion tip at the rear opening. Through this gap, cement slurry or cement mortar can flow out evenly around the circumference into the hole formed in the ground and form a uniform cement grout covering the rod.In this context, it is possible that the diameter of the rear opening, relative to the clear width of the rear opening, is, for example, 5 to 40 percent larger than the thread core diameter and / or the thread outer diameter of the internal thread.

[0028] It is possible that at least one channel for the passage of cement mortar is formed in the insertion tip and that the channel extends from at least one channel inlet opening to at least one channel outlet opening leading into the cavity, that the channel has at least one first groove which is formed in the internal thread, which extends along, in particular parallel, to the geometric longitudinal center axis, is open on its side pointing to the geometric longitudinal center axis and leads into the cavity at a first channel outlet opening, wherein The channel, in particular, has a second groove which is formed in the internal thread, extends along, in particular parallel to, the geometric longitudinal center axis, is open on its side pointing towards the geometric longitudinal center axis, is arranged opposite the first groove on the circumference of the bore, and opens into the cavity at a second channel outlet opening. The channel, in particular, has a third groove which is formed on a bottom of the bore, which extends transversely to and through the geometric longitudinal center axis, which is open towards the bore and forms a channel inlet opening. The third groove transitions into the first groove at one longitudinal end, in particular, the third groove transitions into the second groove at its second longitudinal end. Such a design can facilitate the supply of cement suspension or cement mortar from the hollow channel of the rods into the cavity of the insertion tip.

[0029] Regarding the displacement section, it is possible, for example, for the displacement section to form concentric ring steps on its outer surface relative to the geometric longitudinal center axis. These ring steps differ in their diameters, and their diameter increases with increasing distance from the centering section. In particular, it is provided that the ring steps are interrupted, at least partially, by a plurality of grooves. These grooves run obliquely along the geometric longitudinal center axis, and along each groove, the distance between the groove and the geometric longitudinal center axis increases with increasing distance from the centering section. By means of these concentric ring steps, which differ in their outer diameter, the cross-section of the displacement section can gradually increase between its first and second longitudinal ends.The space between the circumferential and end faces of the steps. The formed edges can advantageously break up solids embedded in the displaced soil, such as stones. Each edge can extend along an associated imaginary circle concentric with the geometric longitudinal axis of the insertion point. The grooves allow these edges to be interrupted along their circumference. Sharp corners can be formed at these interruptions, which can also be used to break up solid obstacles.

[0030] As an alternative to concentric ring steps, the displacement section can form at least one conical helical step on its outer surface, with an imaginary conical base facing the support section. In particular, the conical helical step is provided to be interrupted, at least partially, by a plurality of grooves. These grooves run obliquely to the geometric longitudinal center axis, and the distance of each groove from the geometric longitudinal center axis increases with increasing distance from the centering section. Such a design can also advantageously promote soil displacement and the crushing of obstacles.

[0031] It is possible that the displacement section forms a conical or rounded surface on its outer surface, and in particular, that the conical or rounded surface is interrupted by a plurality of grooves, the grooves running obliquely to the geometric longitudinal center axis, with the groove spacing from the geometric longitudinal center axis increasing with increasing distance from the centering section along each groove. Such a Possible designs can offer advantages for displacing soil material.

[0032] It is possible that the outer surface of the centering section and / or the outer surface of the displacement section is closed. This has the advantage that there are no openings facing forward or obliquely forward with respect to the insertion direction, preventing the escape of cement slurry or cement mortar. Therefore, no water is introduced into the adjacent soil material in the area of ​​the centering section and / or the displacement section through the insertion tip.

[0033] It is possible that the connection for a rod is formed in the displacement section, although it is understood that different designs are also possible.

[0034] It is possible that the insertion tip has at least one further outer opening for fluid to exit the insertion tip, wherein the cavity is in fluid-permeable communication with this opening and, in particular, opens into this outer opening, and wherein an opening cross-section of this outer opening and / or a hollow passage in the insertion tip adjacent to the outer opening is directed backwards or obliquely backwards with respect to a forward direction from the second end of the end section to the tip end, wherein, in particular, it is provided that this opening is formed in the end section and / or in the support section. This allows the supply of cement slurry or...Cement mortar is poured into the hole formed during placement through several openings at different locations, with the outlet at the further outer opening also directed to the rear or obliquely to the rear, so that swelling of the soil is prevented.

[0035] It is possible that the insertion tip is made of steel. A professional understands that the insertion tip, or at least components of the insertion tip, could alternatively be made of other materials with suitable performance characteristics.

[0036] The insertion tip is particularly suitable for use as a load-bearing element in geotechnical applications. For this purpose, the insertion tip can be connected to other elements of a load-bearing element, such as one or more rods, especially one or more coupling sleeves, and, depending on the specific requirements, to other elements of a load-bearing element. Therefore, the insertion tip can be a component or element of a load-bearing element. It is also possible for one or more insertion tips, together with other elements such as one or more rods, especially one or more coupling sleeves, and, depending on the specific requirements, other elements, to form a load-bearing element system. From this system, an insertion tip and other elements can be selected according to the requirements to combine them into a load-bearing element and, if necessary,also only during application, to assemble.

[0037] The description makes it clear that an insertion tip according to the invention is particularly suitable for inserting a load-bearing element into cohesive or loamy soil or subsoil. However, its application is not limited to such soils.

[0038] Advantageously, an insertion tip according to the invention, by means of its design features, enables a mixing of subsoil or soil with Ze- when inserting a load-bearing element into a subsoil or ground. to counteract the formation of cement suspension or even to largely or completely prevent it. If an injection tip according to the invention has several openings for the exit of cement-water suspension, it is preferred that none or only a few, i.e., not all, of the openings point forward in the injection direction. In application, the injection tip according to the invention facilitates the fact that soil material used to create the hole is not lifted from the ground and transported out of the hole by the cement suspension, but rather that soil material is displaced towards the lateral wall of the formed hole. The support section can have a pipe, for example, 200–300 mm long, as its outer wall.The outer diameter of the pipe can be chosen to be so large that its difference from the outer diameter of rods and / or coupling sleeves of a support member allows the formation of a cement grout layer with a thickness exceeding that required for corrosion protection. It is also possible that an injection tip according to the invention is adapted so that, during application, cement grout flows exclusively through this pipe into the hole formed in the ground or subsoil.

[0039] The invention advantageously enables the creation of a required cementitious rock cover in cohesive soils while avoiding soil inclusions. It is also considered advantageous that an insertion tip according to the invention can be inserted into cohesive and non-cohesive soils using conventionally employed equipment. Furthermore, it is advantageous that insertion tips according to the invention can be manufactured cost-effectively, so that the manufacturing costs do not preclude their use as "disposable insertion tips".

[0040] According to its third aspect, the invention proposes, in order to solve the underlying problem, that the support system comprises: - an insertion tip or several insertion tips according to the present invention, - a rod or several rods, wherein each rod has in its interior a hollow channel extending in its longitudinal direction and on its outside has external threads either extending in its longitudinal direction or at least adjacent to at least one of its two longitudinal ends, wherein the external thread is suitable for screwing into internal threads of at least one insertion tip belonging to the support member system, - in particular a coupling sleeve or several coupling sleeves, wherein each coupling sleeve has a cavity in its interior extending in the longitudinal direction of the coupling sleeve and has an internal thread at least adjacent to its two longitudinal ends, which is suitable for screwing in a rod belonging to the support member system, - in particular a head plate or several head plates, each head plate having a head plate through-opening which is dimensioned to be large enough to allow at least one rod of the support member system to be inserted through the head plate through-opening, - in particular, a nut or several nuts, each nut having a through-hole with an internal thread into which a rod of the support system can be screwed by means of its external thread. A support system can contain the aforementioned components in the desired quantities, like a modular system. If required, the aforementioned components can be included in the support system in different versions, for example, in different lengths and / or cross-sectional dimensions. A support system thus advantageously allows components to be selected and combined to form a support member as needed for a specific application.

[0041] According to its fourth aspect, the invention proposes a support member to solve the underlying problem, which comprises: - an insertion tip according to the present invention, - a rod or several rods, wherein each rod has a hollow channel extending in its interior along its longitudinal direction and has external threads either extending in the longitudinal direction or at least adjacent to at least one of its two longitudinal ends, wherein a rod is screwed into the internal thread of the insertion tip by means of its external thread, - in particular a coupling sleeve or several coupling sleeves, wherein each coupling sleeve has a cavity extending in its longitudinal direction and has internal coupling sleeve threads at least adjacent to its two longitudinal ends, wherein a rod is screwed into at least one coupling sleeve at each of its two longitudinal ends by means of its external rod thread, - in particular a head plate which has a head plate through-opening through which the rod of the support member or one of the rods of the support member is inserted, - in particular, at least one nut having a nut through-hole in which an internal nut thread is formed, wherein one of the rods is screwed into the nut through-hole by means of its external rod thread. In particular, it can be a support member which has been assembled from components of a support member system according to the invention.

[0042] Regarding the possible designs, technical effects and advantages of an inventive support system and a support member according to the invention, reference is made to the preceding description.

[0043] For a load-bearing element according to the invention, there are numerous possibilities for appropriate and advantageous further development:

[0044] It is possible that at least one spacer is slid onto a rod of the support member, wherein the spacer has an interior cavity extending along a geometric longitudinal centerline of the spacer, which opens into an opening at each of its longitudinal ends, the rod onto which the spacer is slid extends through the cavity of the spacer and through its openings, and the spacer has an outer surface that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the geometric longitudinal centerline of the spacer and is particularly convex in shape. Such a spacer advantageously promotes a central alignment of the drive linkage of the insertion tip, comprising one or more rods and, if applicable, coupling sleeves, in the hole formed in the ground.A convex outer shape facilitates the penetration of any existing cement slurry or mortar in the hole between the spacer's outer surface and the hole's side wall during installation. Therefore, it is considered advantageous for the largest outer diameter of the spacer's convex outer surface to be smaller than the outer diameter or the largest outer diameter of the support section of the insertion tip.

[0045] It is possible that the spacer is held longitudinally displaceable and centered on the rod onto which it is slid, wherein it is particularly provided that the openings of the spacer each have a diameter that is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the rod and that support ribs are formed on each of the two openings distributed around their circumference, the extension of which extends radially inwards for centering. The spacer is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod. This allows cement slurry or cement mortar to penetrate the hollow interior of the spacer.

[0046] It is possible that the insertion tip of the support member and / or the rod(s) of the support member and / or the coupling sleeve(s) of the support member are made of metal, in particular steel. It is understood by a person skilled in the art that other materials with suitable properties can also be used.

[0047] As described above, an insertion tip or a support element according to the invention is suitable for supplying an injection medium, which contains at least cement and water, into the hole formed during its insertion into a subsoil or soil, in order to form a cement grout covering the rods and, if applicable, other elements in the hole, as desired for corrosion protection. In the prior art, during the drilling of known drill-injection anchors, a liquid flushing fluid with a comparatively lower cement content is often first supplied to the hole formed in the ground, and only subsequently a cement suspension with a comparatively higher cement content. In contrast, for the application of an insertion tip or a support element according to the invention,Depending on the application, it may be advantageous, for example, not to first add a comparatively liquid flushing fluid to a load-bearing member according to the invention, but rather to immediately add, for example, cement mortar with a water-cement ratio of w / c = 0.4 - 0.5. This also helps to counteract swelling of the soil or subsoil material. Such cement suspensions with a higher cement content are also referred to as thick flushing.

[0048] The invention is described below by way of example with reference to the attached figures. Brief description of the drawings

[0049] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. Figure 1 shows an insertion tip according to the invention in a perspective view from a first viewing direction; Fig. 2 shows the insertion tip according to the invention as shown in Figure 1 in perspective from a second viewing direction; Fig. 2a shows the insertion tip according to the preceding figures in the direction of view according to Figure 2, but partially transparent; Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal view of the insertion tip according to the invention as shown in Figures 1 to 2a; Fig. 4 is a sectional view along section plane IV-IV in Figure 3; Fig. 4a is a sectional view along section plane IVa-IVa in Figure 4; Fig. 5 shows a sectional view along the cutting plane VV in Figure 4a; Fig. 6 shows a front view in the direction of view VI according to Figure 3, in contrast in magnification; Fig. 7 shows a rear view in the direction of view VII according to Figure 3, in contrast in magnification; Fig. 8 shows a support member in perspective from a first viewing direction; Fig. 9 shows the supporting member shown in Figure 8, in perspective from a second viewing direction; Fig. 10 shows the support member shown in Figures 8 and 9 in a side view; Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the support member along section plane XI-XI in Figure 10; Fig. 11a is a close-up of detail XIa in Figure 11; Fig. 11b shows a sectional view along the section plane Xlb-XIb in Figure 11a; Fig. 11c is a close-up of detail XIc in Figure 11; Fig. 12 shows a perspective exploded view of a coupling sleeve, a clamping ring and two sealing rings, each of the support member shown in Figures 8 to 11c, in comparison to the Figures 8-11 are enlarged representations; Fig. 13 shows a longitudinal section in perspective through the representation shown in Figure 12; Fig. 14 shows a longitudinal section through the coupling sleeve shown in Figures 12 and 13, but with sealing rings and clamping rings inserted therein, in a slightly enlarged view compared to Figures 12-13; Fig. 15 shows a longitudinal view of a spacer shown in Figures 8 to 11, in an enlarged and partially transparent view compared to Figures 8-11; Fig. 16 shows a view in the direction XVI according to Figure 15; Fig. 17 shows a longitudinal section along section plane XVII-XVII in Figure 15; Fig. 18 shows a perspective view of one half of the structure shown in Figures 15-17. spacer; Fig. 19 shows in a longitudinal section the support member shown in Figures 8-11c, which has the insertion tip according to Figures 1 to 7, after insertion into a soil; Fig. 19a is a close-up of detail XIXa in Figure 19, Fig. 19b is a close-up of detail XLXb in Figure 19 and Fig. 19c is a close-up of detail XIXc in Figure 19. Description of the embodiments

[0050] With reference to Figures 1 to 7, an embodiment of an insertion tip 1 according to the invention for geotechnical applications is described. The subsequent description makes it clear that this is an insertion tip 1 for a support member 2 or for a support member system according to the invention. The insertion tip 1 extends along a geometric longitudinal center axis L. The insertion tip 1 comprises a centering section 3, which has a first longitudinal end 4 and a second longitudinal end 5, wherein the centering section 3 forms a pointed end 6 at its first longitudinal end 4. The insertion tip 1 further comprises an end section 7, which has a first longitudinal end 8 and a second longitudinal end 9, the first longitudinal end 8 being located closer to the centering section 3 than the second longitudinal end 9 when viewed along the geometric longitudinal center axis L.Furthermore, the insertion tip 1 comprises a displacement section 10 having a first longitudinal end 11 and a second longitudinal end 12, wherein the first longitudinal end 11 of the displacement section 10 is located closer to the centering section 3 when viewed along the geometric longitudinal center axis L compared to the second longitudinal end 12 of the displacement section 10, and has a smaller cross-section perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis L and / or a smaller widest radial extent with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis L compared to the second longitudinal center axis L. The insertion tip 1 also comprises a support section 13 having a first longitudinal end 14 and a second longitudinal end 15, the first longitudinal end 14 being located closer to the displacement section 10 compared to the second longitudinal end 15.In this embodiment, the second longitudinal end 5 of the centering section 3 borders the first longitudinal end 11 of the displacement section 10. In this example, it borders. The second longitudinal end 12 of the displacement section 10 abuts the first longitudinal end 14 of the support section 13. In this example, the second longitudinal end 15 of the support section 13 adjoins the first longitudinal end 8 of the end section 7. In this embodiment, the centering section 3, the displacement section 10, the support section 13, and the end section 7 are rigidly connected to one another. In this embodiment (i.e., not necessary), the support section 13 and the end section 7 are manufactured in one piece, and the support section 13 is connected at its first longitudinal end 14 to the second longitudinal end 12 of the displacement section 10 by means of a weld connection (not shown in detail in the figures). The centering section 3 and the displacement section 10 are also manufactured in one piece in this embodiment (i.e., not necessary).The insertion tip 1 has a connection 19 for a rod 20 of a support member 2, the rod being not shown in Figures 1 to 7 and not forming part of the insertion tip 1. As Figures 8-19 show, the rod 20 can be a rod with a thread on its outer surface and a hollow channel 46 extending along its longitudinal direction LS. Furthermore, the insertion tip 1 has a cavity 21 and at least one outer opening 22 for fluid to escape (the fluid is not shown in Figures 1 to 7) from the insertion tip 1, the cavity 21 being in fluid-permeable communication with the outer opening 22 by virtue of the cavity 21 opening into the outer opening 22.

[0051] In this embodiment, the radial extent and cross-section of the displacement section 10 increase between its first longitudinal end 4 and its second longitudinal end 5 in the direction of its second longitudinal end 5. The support section 13 has an outer surface 23 that is rotationally symmetrical about the geometric longitudinal center axis L and, in this embodiment, is circularly cylindrical. The surface 23 thus rests on an imaginary, circular cylindrical enveloping surface that extends along the geometric longitudinal center axis L in both directions beyond the longitudinal ends 14, 15 of the support section 13. In this example, with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis L, the largest radial extent of the centering section 3, the largest radial extent of the displacement section 10, and the largest radial extent of the end section 7 are less than or equal to the radial extent of the imaginary enveloping surface, such that the centering section 3, the displacement section 10, and the end section 7 each lie within imaginary axial extensions of the enveloping surface along the geometric longitudinal center axis L.

[0052] The opening 22 is located on the end section 7 at its second longitudinal end 9, i.e., on the rear side of the end section 7 with respect to an insertion direction E (see the direction arrow E in Figure 1). The connection 19, which can serve to connect a rod 20, has a bore 24 whose bore centerline lies on the geometric longitudinal center axis L. In planes or cross-sections perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis L, a circumferential direction around the geometric longitudinal center axis L is designated by U. As can be seen, for example, in Figures 2a, 4, 4a, and 5, two circumferential sections 25 of an internal thread 26 are formed on the inside of the bore 24, opposite each other with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis L. The geometric longitudinal center axis L runs centrally through the circular opening 22 in this example.

[0053] Figure 4a schematically indicates that when considering an imaginary geometric projection P of the outer edge of the internal thread 26 directed along the geometric longitudinal center axis L onto the rear opening 22, between an edge 27 of the opening 22, which determines its clear width, and the thread outer diameter, i.e. the outer diameter, of the internal thread 26 along the entire circumference of the rim 27 within the rim 27 a radial distance 18 is present with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis L.

[0054] As shown, for example, in Figures 4 and 4a, the support section 13 and the end section 7 in this example are made from a longitudinal section of a tube, which is circularly cylindrical in the support section 13 and tapers towards the free end in the end section 7. The cavity 21 extends along the geometric longitudinal center axis L in the support section 13 and in the end section 7 and is bounded by an outer wall 28, which is a tube wall. Therefore, the support section 13 has a first tubular outer wall section 29 of the outer wall 28. In this example, it extends from the first longitudinal end 14 of the support section 13 to the second longitudinal end 15 of the support section 13. The end section 7 has a second outer wall section 30 of the outer wall 29, which in this example extends from the first longitudinal end 8 of the end section 7 to the second longitudinal end 9 of the end section 7.

[0055] Along the geometric longitudinal center axis L, the length of the support section 13 is greater than the length of the centering section 3 and also greater than the length of the displacement section 10, where the ratio of the length of the support section 13 to the sum of the lengths of the centering section 3 and the displacement section 10 is approximately 0.8 in this example. It is understood, however, that different lengths and length ratios are also possible. An outer surface 31 of the outer wall section 29 of the support section 13 has a length 1 and a diameter d between the first longitudinal end 14 and the second longitudinal end 15 (see Figure 4), where the ratio of the length 1 to the diameter d is approximately 0.8 in this example. of approximately 1.5. It goes without saying that differing lengths, diameters, and ratios are possible.

[0056] Figures 2a, 4, 4a, and 5 clearly show that a channel 32 is formed in the insertion tip 1, extending from a channel inlet opening 33 to two channel outlet openings, each designated by reference numeral 34, which open into the cavity 21. The channel 34 includes a first groove 35, which is formed in the internal thread 26 and extends parallel to the geometric longitudinal center axis L. The groove 35 is open on its side facing the geometric longitudinal center axis L and opens into the cavity 21 at a channel outlet opening 34. The channel 34 has a second groove, also designated by reference numeral 35, which is likewise formed in the internal thread 26 and extends parallel to the geometric longitudinal center axis L and thus also parallel to the first groove 35. The second groove 35 is also open on its side pointing towards the geometric longitudinal center axis L.Both grooves 35 are arranged opposite each other on one circumference of the bore 24. The latter groove 35 also transitions into the cavity 21 at a channel outlet opening, which is also designated by reference numeral 34. Furthermore, in this example, the channel 32 includes a third groove 36, which is recessed into a base 37 of the bore 24, with the groove 36 extending perpendicular to and through the geometric longitudinal center axis L. The side of the groove 36 facing the bore 24 is open. If a rod with a suitable external thread is screwed into the connection 19, in particular until an end face 48 of the rod (not shown in Figures 1 to 7) rests against the base 37, cement mortar, for example, can be supplied to the insertion tip 1 through a hollow channel running in the longitudinal direction inside the rod, wherein the third groove 36 can form the channel inlet opening 33 of the channel 32.Figure 4 illustrates that in the example the third groove 36 is on one of its. Both longitudinal ends transition into one of the two grooves 35, and at their other longitudinal ends transition into the other of the two grooves 35. In this example, a channel 32 is thus formed, which branches out from a channel inlet opening 33 and is in fluidic communication with the cavity 21 at two channel outlet openings 34.

[0057] In the embodiment of an insertion tip 1 according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 7, the displacement section 10 forms a conically helical step 38 on its outer surface, which is interrupted by four grooves 39 in this example. The conically helical section extends along an imaginary cone, with the imaginary cone base associated with the conically helical step 38—i.e., the cone end with a comparatively larger cross-sectional area than the two longitudinal ends of the cone—facing the support section 13. The four grooves 39 are uniformly spaced apart from one another on a circumference U extending around the geometric longitudinal center axis L, such that their longitudinal center lines LN, which are adjacent to each other on the circumference U, form pairs with an angle of 90°. In cross-sections perpendicular to their longitudinal center lines LN, the groove bottoms of the grooves 39 are rounded.In this example, the depth of the grooves 39 is chosen such that the conically helical step 38 is completely interrupted by each groove 39. Each of the grooves 39 is straight and extends obliquely to the geometric longitudinal center axis L, with the distance of the groove 39 from the geometric longitudinal center axis L increasing along its longitudinal direction with increasing distance from the centering section 3. In this example, the four groove longitudinal center lines LN lie on the surface of an imaginary conical cone. As shown, for example, in Figures 4 and 4a, the step 38 forms a step surface 40, which, in a longitudinal section leading through the geometric longitudinal center axis L as shown in Figure 4a, extends transversely to the geometric longitudinal center axis L. The fend is oriented, and a lateral surface 41 is formed, which adjoins each other at an edge 42 in longitudinal sections extending through the geometric longitudinal center axis L (see, for example, Figures 4, 4a). In this example, the outer surface 17 of the displacement section 10 and the outer surface 16 of the centering section 3 are closed, i.e., there are no openings in fluidic communication with the cavity 21. In the example shown, the centering section 3 has a cylindrical longitudinal section 43 and an adjacent conical longitudinal section 44, the free longitudinal end of which forms the tip end 6.Starting from the tip end 6, four grooves 45 extend into the cylindrical length section 43, the respective groove longitudinal centerline of which runs straight and is inclined to the geometric longitudinal center axis L, the four groove longitudinal centerlines of the grooves 45 occupying the same circumferential positions as the grooves 39 on the circumference U of the displacement section 10, but enclosing a different angle with the geometric longitudinal center axis L than is enclosed by the grooves 39 with the geometric longitudinal center axis L.

[0058] In this example, connection 19 for a rod 20 is formed in the displacement section 10. It should also be understood that different configurations are possible.

[0059] In the described embodiment, the insertion tip 1 is made of steel. It is understood that alternatively or in combination, other materials with suitable properties can also be used.

[0060] With reference to Figures 8 to 19, possible embodiments of a support member 2 according to the invention and of an inventive- are shown as examples. The components shown in these figures, apart from the spacer 66 which is slidably mounted on a rod, together form a support member 2 in the illustrated, screwed-together state. Furthermore, said components are also parts of a support member system according to the invention, wherein the components in this context can be either loosely connected to one another or connected to one another; it is further understood that a support member system according to the invention can, for example, have additional components, such as additional rods, additional coupling sleeves, or additional insertion points. It is possible that insertion points 1 of a support member system differ from one another, for example, in their diameter; it is also possible, for example, that rods of a support member system have different lengths.

[0061] The support member 2 shown in the figures comprises an insertion tip 1, which in this example is the insertion tip shown in Figures 1 to 7. Furthermore, the support member 2 comprises two rods, which, despite their different lengths, are uniformly designated by the reference numeral 20. The rod 20 located further away from the insertion tip 1 is shown schematically in abbreviated form in Figures 10 and 11 by means of a break-up. A hollow channel 46 extends continuously along the geometric longitudinal center axis Ls of the rod 20, as indicated in Figure 11, in each of the rods 20. An external thread 47 extends continuously along the outer surface of each rod 20 in its longitudinal direction to both longitudinal ends of the rod 20, with the lower of the two rods 20 being connected to the insertion tip 1 in the illustrations in Figures 8 to 11.For this purpose, a lower longitudinal section of the lower rod 20, viewed in the direction of these figures, was inserted through the opening 22 into the insertion point 1. A longitudinal section attached to the lower longitudinal section in this viewing direction... The end of the aforementioned rod 20, adjacent to the length section, is screwed into the internal thread 26 of the connection 19 by means of the rod's external thread 47 until an end face 48 of this rod 20 rests against the base 37, thereby establishing a fluidic connection between the hollow channel 46 and the groove 36 of the channel 34. The groove 36 forms the channel inlet opening 33 of the channel 34. In this assembly position, the open side of the grooves 35, pointing towards the geometric longitudinal center axis L, is covered by the rod 20.

[0062] In this example, the support member comprises a coupling sleeve 49, by means of which the two rods 20 are connected to each other in such a way that the hollow channels 46 of the two rods 20 are in fluid-permeable communication with each other, see also Figure XIc. Furthermore, in this example, but not necessarily, the support member 2 comprises a head plate 50, which has a head plate through-opening 51 whose diameter is at least equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the rod's external thread 47, so that the head plate 50 can be slid onto the longitudinal end of the upper rod 20, as shown in the figures. The support member 2 further comprises two nuts 52, 53, each nut having a nut through-opening 54, 55 in which an internal nut thread 56 is formed, which fits the rod's external thread 47 for screwing on.In Figures 8 to 11, the end plate 50 is placed on the rod 20 furthest from the insertion point 1, and the two nuts 52, 53 are screwed onto the rod, so that the end plate 50 is clamped between the two nuts 52, 53 and fixed in the axial position shown. The end plate 50 can be used, for example, to press a structural element, such as formwork, against another structural element or, for example, against a surface of the ground into which the support member 2 has been inserted.

[0063] The coupling element 2 shown in Figures 8 to 11c comprises a coupling sleeve 49, a clamping ring 57, and two annular sealing rings 58, which are described in more detail with reference to Figures 12 to 14. The coupling sleeve 49 extends along a longitudinal direction LK. It borders a cavity 59 that runs along the longitudinal direction LK. Adjacent to its two longitudinal ends, each with an opening 60, an internal thread 61 is formed on the inside of the coupling sleeve 49, suitable for screwing in the rods 20 by means of their external thread 47. The respective coupling sleeve internal thread 61 extends from the associated opening 60 along the geometric longitudinal center axis LK to a recess 62. Between the two recesses 62, the coupling sleeve 49 has a mounting projection 63 that extends along the inner circumference of the coupling sleeve 49.The mounting projection 63 extends further radially inward with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis LK than the recesses 62. The clamping ring 57 has a cylindrical outer surface 64, the outer diameter of which, in this example, is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting projection 63, but could also correspond to the inner diameter of the mounting projection 63. The two sealing rings 58 are identical in construction. The outer diameter of each sealing ring, in its undeformed state, is larger than the inner diameter of the mounting projection 63 and, in this example, larger than the core diameter of the nut's internal thread 56.To assemble these components, one of the two sealing rings 58, made of elastically deformable plastic, can first be deformed from its unloaded circular shape into an oval shape by means of a compressive force and inserted through one of the two openings 60 into the cavity 59 of the coupling sleeve 49, pivoted there into a cross-section perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis LK, and clipped into a recess 62 there by means of elastic re-deformation. Subsequently, the clamping ring 57 can be inserted into the coupling sleeve 49 through the opposite opening 60. The second sealing ring 58 is then clipped into the second recess 62, resulting in the assembly situation shown in Figure 14. In this state, each sealing ring 58 is fixed by means of a recess 62, and the clamping ring 57 is positioned radially within the mounting projection 63. The inner diameter of the sealing rings 58 is smaller than the outer diameter of the clamping ring 57. In the described assembly situation, each sealing ring 58 rests laterally against the clamping ring 57, so that the clamping ring 57 is held in the axial direction, i.e., in a direction extending along the geometric longitudinal center axis LK. The clamping ring 57 surrounds a through-opening 65, so that the two openings 60 of the coupling sleeve are in fluid-permeable connection with each other, i.e., so that the coupling sleeve 49 in the assembled state shown in Figure 14 is permeable to fluid, for example cement suspension, along the geometric longitudinal center axis LK.Figure 11c shows an enlarged view of the support member 2 in its assembled state, with both rods 20 screwed into the coupling sleeve 49 until an axial end face 48 of each rod abuts the clamping ring 57 laterally. The coupling sleeve 49, the clamping ring 57, and the sealing rings 58 can, for example, be designed as described in German patent application DE 102010 061 006 A1. The disclosure of this document is thus incorporated in its entirety into the disclosure of the present application. Alternative designs are also possible.

[0064] A spacer 66 is slid onto the support member 2 shown in Figures 8 to 11c, specifically onto its rod 20, which is screwed into the insertion tip 1 and the coupling sleeve 49. This spacer 66 is described in more detail with reference to Figures 15 to 18. The spacer 66 extends along a geometric longitudinal center axis LA. Inside the spacer 66, a cavity 67 extends along the geometric longitudinal center line LA and is bordered at the two The longitudinal ends of the spacer 66 open into openings 68. Figures 11 and 11c show that the rod 20, onto which the spacer 66 is slid, extends through the cavity 67 and through the openings 68. The spacer 66 has a wall 69 whose outer surface 70 is rotationally symmetrical about the geometric longitudinal center axis LA of the spacer 66. The outer diameter of the outer surface 70 is smaller at the two openings 68 than in the area between the two openings 68, and the outer surface 70 is convex. In this example, the openings 68 have a diameter that is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rod 20. At each opening 68, four support ribs 71 are formed on the wall 69, distributed around its circumference. Their radial inward extension is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod 20 for centering purposes.Thus, the spacer 66 is held longitudinally displaceably centered on the rod 20 onto which it is pushed. In Figure 11, one longitudinal end of the spacer rests against the longitudinal end of the coupling sleeve 49 that corresponds to the insertion tip 1. This position can result when the support member 2 is inserted into a base 72.

[0065] Figure 19 schematically shows a support member 2 inserted into a cohesive soil 72, which in this example is the support member 2 described with reference to Figures 8 to 11c. In the situation shown in Figure 19, the support member 2 has already been inserted into the soil 72 to such a depth that only a comparatively short section of the upper, foreshortened rod 20 protrudes above the surface 73 of the soil 72. The support member 2 can be inserted into the soil 72 by means of suitable devices not shown in the figures, either rotating the support member 2 or rotating it with additional axial impacts (i.e., "rotary impact") into the subsoil or soil 72, and simultaneously by means of suitable devices not shown in the figures. In the devices shown, a fluid, for example cement suspension 74, is supplied through the hollow rods 20 and the hollow coupling sleeve 49. Devices for rotary or rotary-percussive drives and for supplying cement suspensions are known per se. The supply of cement suspension 74 can occur through the exposed end of the upper rod 20 in the direction of view of Figure 19. In the insertion tip 1, the cement suspension 74 enters its cavity 21 through the channel 32 and from there through its rear outer opening 22 into an annular gap 75, which surrounds the rods 20 in the hole 76 formed when the support member 2 is inserted into the ground 72. The resulting flow movement of the cement suspension 74 relative to the support member 2 during the preceding insertion of the support member 2 into the ground 72 is indicated schematically in Figure 19 by means of arrows.The illustration shows that cement slurry 74 passes through the spacer 66 both through its cavity 76 and through a narrow annular gap on the outside between the outer surface 70 of the spacer 66 and a surface 77 of the hole 76. Furthermore, cement slurry 74 can flow through an annular gap formed between an outer surface of the coupling sleeve 49 and the surface 77 of the hole 76. For example, cement slurry 74 can be supplied from the beginning when the support member 2 is inserted. For example, cement slurry with a water-cement ratio in the range of 0.4–0.5 can be supplied from the beginning. Other procedures are also possible. Since, with a further orDue to the deeper penetration of the support member 2 into the ground 72, the spacer 66 must penetrate through the cement suspension 74 already present in the hole 76, resulting in a force acting on the spacer 66 against the insertion direction, which presses the spacer 66 in its longitudinal direction until it reaches a point against the coupling sleeve 49.

[0066] All disclosed features are essential to the invention (individually, but also in combination with one another). The disclosure of this application hereby incorporates in full the disclosure content of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the earlier application), also for the purpose of including features of these documents in the claims of the present application. The dependent claims, even without the features of a referenced claim, characterize independent inventive developments of the prior art, in particular for the purpose of filing divisional applications based on these claims. The invention specified in each claim may additionally comprise one or more of the features described above, in particular those identified by reference numerals and / or listed in the reference numeral list.The invention also relates to design forms in which individual features mentioned in the preceding description are not realized, in particular insofar as they are recognizably unnecessary for the respective purpose or can be replaced by other technically equivalent means. List of reference symbols 1 insertion point 29 first outer wall section 2 Support member 30 second outer wall section 3 Centering section 31 Outer side 4 first longitudinal end 32 channel 5 second longitudinal end 33 channel inlet opening 6 tip ends, 34 channel outlet openings 7 End section 35 grooves 8 first longitudinal end 36 groove 9 second longitudinal end 37 floor 10 Displacement section 38 stage 11 first longitudinal end 39 grooves 12 second longitudinal end 40 step surface 13 Support section 41 Surface 14 first longitudinal end 42 edge 15 second longitudinal end 43 cylindrical longitudinal section 16 outer surface 44 conical longitudinal section 17 outer surface 45 grooves 18 Spacing 46 Hollow channel 19 Connection 47 Rod external thread 20 bar 48 end face 21 Cavity 49 Coupling sleeve 22 outer opening 50 head plate 23 Surface 51 Head plate through- opening 24 bore nung 25 circumferential sections 52 mother 26 internal thread 53 nut 27 Edge 54 Mother through opening 28 Exterior wall Mother through-hole L geometric longitudinal center- Nut internal thread axle Clamping ring LS geometric longitudinal center axle sealing rings Cavity LA geometric longitudinal center- Opening axis Coupling sleeve internal LK geometric longitudinal center thread axis Recess LN groove longitudinal center line Mounting projection LT geometric longitudinal center outer surface axis Through opening E Direction of insertion Spacer 1 length cavity diameter Opening U circumference Wall P projection Outdoor area Support walkways Floor surface cement suspension annular gap Hole Surface area

Claims

Claims 1. An insertion tip (1) for geotechnical applications, in particular for a structural member (2) or for a structural member system, wherein the insertion tip (1) extends along a geometric longitudinal center axis (L) and comprises: a centering section (3) having a first longitudinal end (4) and a second longitudinal end (5), wherein the centering section (3) forms at least one tip end (6) at its first longitudinal end (4), and in particular an end section (7) having a first longitudinal end (8) and a second longitudinal end (9), the first longitudinal end (8) being located closer to the centering section (3) compared to the second longitudinal end (9), wherein the insertion tip (1) has a connection (19) for a rod (20) of a structural member (2), at least one cavity (21) for the passage of fluid, and at least one first outer opening (22), and wherein the cavity (21) is in fluid-permeable communication with the outer opening (22). stands, characterized by this,that the insertion tip (1) comprises: a displacement section (10) having a first longitudinal end (11) and a second longitudinal end (12), wherein the first longitudinal end (11) of the displacement section (10) is located closer to the centering section (3) compared to the second longitudinal end (12) of the displacement section (10) and has a smaller cross-section perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) and / or a smaller widest radial extent with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) compared to the second longitudinal end (12) of the displacement section (10), and a support section (13) having a first longitudinal end (14) and a second longitudinal end (15), the first longitudinal end (14) of which is located in the, In comparison to the second longitudinal end (15) is located closer to the displacement section (10).

2. Insertion tip (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening (22) on the end section (7) is arranged on the rear side of its second longitudinal end (9), that the connection (19) has a bore (24) whose bore center line lies on the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), that internal threads (26) are formed in the bore (24) or circumferential sections (25) of an internal thread (26) are formed and that the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) runs through the rear opening (22).

3. Insertion tip according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, when considering a geometric projection (P) of the internal thread (26) directed along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) onto the rear opening (22), a distance (18) is provided within a rim (27) of the rear opening (22) between the rim (27) of the rear opening and the thread core diameter of the internal thread (26), in particular also between the rim (27) of the rear opening and the thread outer diameter of the internal thread (26), along the entire circumference of the rim (27) or in at least a circumferential part section of the rim (27).

4. Insertion tip (1) for geotechnical applications, in particular for a structural member (2) or for a structural member system, wherein the insertion tip (1) extends along a geometric longitudinal central axis (L) and has: a centering section (3) having a first longitudinal end (4) and a second longitudinal end (5), wherein the centering section (3) forms at least one tip end (6) at its first longitudinal end (4), and an end section (7) having a first longitudinal end (8) and a second longitudinal end (9), the first longitudinal end (8) being located closer to the centering section (3) compared to the second longitudinal end (9), wherein the insertion tip (1) has a connection (19) for a rod (20) of a support member (2), at least one cavity (21) for guiding fluid through it, and at least one first outer opening (22), and wherein the cavity (21) is in fluid-permeable communication with the outer opening (22), wherein the opening (22) is arranged on the rear side of the end section (7) at its second longitudinal end (9), wherein the connection (19) is a bore (24) whose bore centerline is on the geometric longitudinal center- axis (L) lies, has,wherein an internal thread (26) is formed in the bore (24) or circumferential sections (25) of an internal thread (26) are formed and wherein the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) runs through the rear opening (22), characterized in that, when considering a geometric projection (P) of the internal thread (26) directed along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) onto the rear opening, a distance is present within a rim (27) of the rear opening (22) between the rim (27) of the rear opening and the thread core diameter of the internal thread (26), in particular also between the rim (27) of the rear opening and the thread outer diameter of the internal thread (26), along the entire circumference of the rim (27) or in at least one circumferential section of the rim (27). that the insertion tip (1) in particular has a displacement section (10) having a first longitudinal end (11) and a second longitudinal end (12), wherein the first longitudinal end (11) of the displacement section (10) is located closer to the centering section (3) compared to the second longitudinal end (12) of the displacement section (10) and has a smaller cross-section perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) and / or a smaller widest radial extent with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) compared to the second longitudinal end (12) of the displacement section (10), and that the insertion tip (1) in particular has a support section (13) having a first longitudinal end (14) and a second longitudinal end (15), the first longitudinal end (14) of which is located closer to the displacement section (10) compared to the second longitudinal end (15).

5. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on an outer surface (17) of the displacement section (10) its radial distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) between the longitudinal ends (11, 12) of the displacement section (10) increases in the direction towards its second longitudinal end (12) and / or that the size of cross-sections of the displacement section (10) perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) between the longitudinal ends (11, 12) of the displacement section (10) increases in the direction towards its second longitudinal end (12).

6. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the centering section (3) and the displacement section (10) are manufactured as a first component, that the support section (13) and the end section (7) are manufactured as a second component, that the second longitudinal end (12) of the displacement section (10) is connected to the the first longitudinal end (14) of the support section (13), in particular by means of one or more welded joints, that the second component, in particular at the first longitudinal end (14) of the support section (13), has a cross-section oriented perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), the outer edge of which lies along its entire or partial circumference around the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) on an imaginary geometric circle which is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), and that the radial distance of the geometric circle from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) is greater than or equal to the greatest radial distance of the first component at its outer surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein in particular it is provided thatthat the second component, between the first longitudinal end (14) of the support section (13) and the second longitudinal end (15) of the support section (13), has a uniform cross-sectional contour oriented perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), the outer edge of which lies along the entire or a partial circumference around the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) on the imaginary geometric circle which is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), and / or wherein, in particular, it is provided that a length (1) of the support section (13) along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) lies within a range of 200–300 millimeters or is greater than 300 millimeters.

7. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support section (13) has an external surface (23) either continuously or in at least one longitudinal section along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), which is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein the surface (23) is cylindrical and the radial distance of the surface (23) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) is greater than or equal to the largest radial distance of the displacement section (10) at its outer surface (17) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L).

8. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support section (13) has an outer surface (23) either continuously or in at least one longitudinal section along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), which is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein the largest radial distance of the surface (23) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) is greater than or equal to the largest radial distance of the displacement section (10) at its outer surface (17) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L).

9. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support section (13) has an external surface (23) either continuously or in at least one longitudinal section along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), which lies in the circumferential direction at least circumferentially on a covering surface rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein the covering surface is cylindrical and the radial distance of the covering surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) is greater than or equal to the greatest radial distance of the displacement section (10) at its outer surface (17) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L).

10. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support section (13) extends along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) either continuously or in at least one longitudinal The displacement section has an outer surface (23) which lies at least circumferentially on a hull surface rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein the largest radial distance of the hull surface from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) is greater than or equal to the largest radial distance of the displacement section (10) at its outer surface (17) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L).

11. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that half of the difference between the diameter (d) of the surface (23) of the support section (13) which is rotationally symmetric to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) and a thread diameter of the internal thread (26), in particular the thread outer diameter of the internal thread (26) or in particular the thread core diameter of the internal thread (26), lies in a range of 20 mm to 100 mm.

12. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (21) extends in the support section (13) and in the end section (7) and is bounded by an outer wall (28) of the insertion tip (1), that the support section (13) has a first tubular outer wall section (29) of the outer wall (28), which extends in particular from the first longitudinal end (14) of the support section (13) to the second longitudinal end (15) of the support section (13), that the end section (7) has a second tubular outer wall section (30) of the outer wall (28), which extends in particular from the first longitudinal end of the end section (30) to the second longitudinal end of the end section (30), wherein the first tubular outer wall section and the second tubular outer wall section are formed in one piece or are connected to each other, especially in a sealing manner.

13. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that along the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) the length of the support section (13) is greater than the length of the centering section (3) and / or greater than the length of the displacement section (10), in particular that the ratio of the length of the support section (13) to the sum of the lengths of the centering section (3) and the displacement section (10) is in the range of 0.6 to 1.0, in particular in the range of 0.7 to 0.

9.

14. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface (31) of the outer wall section (29) of the support section (13) is circularly cylindrical from its first longitudinal end (14) to its second longitudinal end (15) and has a length (1) and a diameter (d), wherein the ratio of this length (1) to this diameter (d) is in a range of values ​​from 1.2 to 2.

15. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the outside (31) of the outer wall section (29) of the support section (13) there are differences in the radial distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) between the first longitudinal end (14) and the second longitudinal end (15) of the support section (13) with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein the maximum difference occurring with respect to the smallest radial distance occurring is less than 10 percent, in particular less than 5 percent.

16. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear opening (22) has a circular border and is arranged concentrically to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein a diameter relating to the clear width of the rear opening (22) is larger than the thread core diameter of the internal thread (26) and in particular larger than the thread outer diameter of the internal thread (26).

17. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the rear opening (22) relating to the clear width of the rear opening (22) is 5 to 40 percent larger than the thread core diameter and / or the thread outer diameter of the internal thread (26).

18. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one channel (32) for the passage of cement mortar is formed in the insertion tip (1) and that the channel (32) extends from at least one channel inlet opening (33) to at least one channel outlet opening (34) opening into the cavity (21), that the channel (32) has at least one first groove (35) which is formed in the internal thread (26), which extends along, in particular parallel, to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), is open on its side pointing towards the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) and opens into the cavity (21) at a first channel outlet opening (34), wherein the channel (32) in particular has a second groove (35) which is formed in the internal thread (26), extends along, in particular parallel, to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), and is open on its side pointing towards the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) the side showing is openthe first, The groove (35) is arranged opposite the circumference of the bore (24) and opens into the cavity (21) at a second channel outlet opening (34), wherein the channel (32) in particular has a third groove (36) formed on a bottom (37) of the bore (24), which extends transversely to and through the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), which is open in the direction of the bore (24) and forms a channel inlet opening (33), and wherein the third groove (36) transitions into the first groove (35) at one longitudinal end, in particular wherein the third groove (36) transitions into the second groove (35) at its second longitudinal end.

19. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement section (10) forms concentric ring steps on its outer side relative to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein the ring steps differ from one another in their diameters and their diameter increases with increasing distance from the centering section (3), wherein it is particularly provided that the ring steps are at least partially interrupted by a plurality of grooves (29), wherein the grooves (39) run obliquely to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), wherein along a respective groove (39) the groove distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) increases with increasing distance from the centering distance.

20. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement section (10) forms a conically extending step (38) on its outer side, wherein an imaginary conical base faces the support section (13), wherein it is particularly provided that the conically extending The step (38) is interrupted, at least partially, by a plurality of grooves (39), wherein the grooves (39) run obliquely to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) along each groove (39), and the groove distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) increases with increasing distance from the centering section (3).

21. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement section (10) forms a conical or a rounded surface (23) on its outer side (31), wherein it is particularly provided that the conical or rounded surface (23) is interrupted by a plurality of grooves (39), wherein the grooves (39) run obliquely to the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) along it, wherein along a respective groove (39) the groove distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L) increases with increasing distance from the centering section (3).

22. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface (16) of the centering section (3) and / or the outer surface (17) of the displacement section (10) is closed.

23. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection (19) is formed in the displacement section (10).

24. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insertion tip (1) has at least one further outer opening (22) for fluid to escape from the insertion tip (1), wherein the cavity (21) is in fluid-permeable communication with this opening and in particular opens into this outer opening (22) and wherein an opening cross-section of this outer opening and / or a hollow passage adjacent to the outer opening (22) in the insertion tip (1) is directed backwards or obliquely backwards with respect to a forward direction from the second longitudinal end (9) of the end section (7) to the tip end (6), wherein in particular it is provided that this opening is formed in the end section (7) and / or in the support section (13).

25. Insertion tip (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insertion tip (1) is made of steel.

26. Load-bearing system, comprising: - an insertion tip (1) or several insertion tips (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 25, - one rod (20) or several rods (20), wherein each rod (20) has in its interior a hollow channel (46) extending in its longitudinal direction and on its outside has either continuous in its longitudinal direction or at least adjacent to at least one of its two longitudinal ends external rod threads (47), wherein the external rod thread (47) is suitable for screwing into internal threads (26) of at least one insertion tip (1) belonging to the support member system, - in particular a coupling sleeve or several coupling sleeves, wherein each coupling sleeve has a cavity extending in its longitudinal direction and has an internal thread at least adjacent to its two longitudinal ends, which is suitable for screwing in a rod belonging to the support member system, - in particular a head plate or several head plates, each head plate having a head plate through-opening which is dimensioned to be large enough to allow at least one rod of the support member system to be inserted through the head plate through-opening, - in particular a nut or several nuts, wherein each nut has a nut through-hole in which an internal nut thread is formed into which a rod of the support member system can be screwed by means of its external rod thread.

27. Support member (2), comprising: - an insertion tip (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 25, - a rod (20) or several rods (20), wherein each rod (20) has in its interior a hollow channel (46) extending in the longitudinal direction of the rod and has on its outside either extending in the longitudinal direction of the rod or at least adjacent to at least one of its two longitudinal ends rod external threads (47), wherein a rod (20) is screwed into the internal thread (26) of the insertion tip (1) by means of its rod external thread (47), - in particular a coupling sleeve (49) or several coupling sleeves (49), wherein each coupling sleeve (49) has a cavity (59) extending through its longitudinal direction (LC) in its interior and has internal coupling sleeve threads (61) at least adjacent to its two longitudinal ends, wherein a rod (20) is screwed into at least one coupling sleeve (49) at each of its two longitudinal ends by means of its external rod thread (47), - in particular a head plate (50) having a head plate through-opening (51) through which the rod (20) of the support member (2) or one of the rods (20) of the support member (2) is inserted, - in particular at least one mother (52, 53) who is a mother-through- has a through-hole (54, 55) in which a nut internal thread (56) is formed, wherein one of the rods (20) is screwed into the nut through-hole (54, 55) by means of its rod external thread (47).

28. Support member (2) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one spacer (66) is pushed onto a rod of the support member (2), wherein the spacer (66) has in its interior a cavity (67) extending along a geometric longitudinal center line (LA) of the spacer (66), which opens into an opening at each of the longitudinal ends of the spacer (66), wherein the rod (20) onto which the spacer (66) is pushed extends through the cavity (67) of the spacer (66) and through its openings (68), and that the spacer (66) has an outer surface (70) which is in particular rotationally symmetrical to the geometric longitudinal center axis of the spacer (66) and which is in particular convexly shaped.

29. Support member (2) according to one of claims 27-28, characterized in that the spacer (66) is held longitudinally displaceably centered on the rod (20) onto which it is pushed, wherein it is particularly provided that the openings (68) of the spacer (66) each have a diameter that is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the rod (20) and support webs (71) are formed on each of the two openings distributed around their circumference, the radial inward extension of which is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod (20) for centering the rod (20).

30. Support member (2) according to one of claims 27-29, characterized in that the insertion tip (1) of the support member (2) and / or the rod (20) or the rods of the support member (2) and / or the coupling sleeve (49) or the coupling sleeves (49) of the support member (2) are made of metal, in particular of steel.

31. Insertion tip, support member or support member system characterized by one or more of the characterizing features of any of the preceding claims.

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