Method for controlling weed

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for controlling a PPO inhibitor-resistant weed, the method involving a step for applying 200-600 g of flumioxazin per 10000 m2 to a PPO inhibitor-resistant weed in the cotyledon to two-leaf stage, in a place where the PPO inhibitor-resistant weed in the cotyledon to two-leaf stage is growing.

Description

Weed control methods

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling weeds.

[0002] A method of applying flumioxazin to weeds has been known as a weed control method (see Patent Document 1). In addition, weeds resistant to PPO inhibitors are known (see Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] U.S. Patent No. 4,640,707

[0004] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2006, Vol.103, No.33, p.12329-12334

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling weeds that exhibits excellent control effects.

[0006] The present inventors have found that applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per 10,000 m2 to PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds at the cotyledon to two-leaf stage in an area where these weeds are growing can provide excellent control effects against PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds. The present invention includes the following aspects.

[0007] [1] A method for controlling PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds, comprising the step of applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per 10,000 m2 to PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds at the cotyledon to two-leaf stage in an area where the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are growing. [2] The method according to [1], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant Amaranth, Ragweed, and Kochia. [3] The method according to [2], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant Amaranth, waterhemp, common ragweed, giant ragweed, and Kochia. [4] The method according to [1], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have PPO inhibitor resistance due to a site-of-action mutation. [5] The method according to [4], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have one or more mutations in PPO selected from the group consisting of Arg128Met mutation, Arg128Gly mutation, Arg128His mutation, Gly399Ala mutation, and Gly210 deletion mutation. [6] The method according to [1], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have non-acting point mutation-type PPO inhibitor resistance. [7] The method according to [1], comprising a step of foliar spraying flumioxazin to the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds. [8] The method according to [1], wherein the locus is a crop cultivation area. [9] The method according to [8], wherein the crop is one or more selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, canola, rice, wheat, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, and sunflower.

[10] The method according to [8] or [9], wherein the crop is a crop to which resistance to a PPO inhibitor has been imparted.

[0008] The weed control method of the present invention provides excellent weed control effects.

[0009] The weed control method of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the method of the present invention) comprises the step of applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per 10,000 m to PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds at the cotyledon to two-leaf stage in a location where the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are growing.

[0010] Flumioxazin is a known compound described in The Pesticide Manual Eighteenth Edition published by the British Crop Production Council (BCPC), page 521. Flumioxazin can be produced by known methods such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,640,707.

[0011] In the method of the present invention, PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds refer to weeds that are in a state where they cannot be killed or irreversibly controlled by a PPO inhibitor even at four times the minimum dose required to kill or irreversibly control wild-type weeds of the same species. In this specification, PPO means protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

[0012] The PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds in the method of the present invention may have PPO inhibitor resistance of the type that is a point-of-action mutation, or may have PPO inhibitor resistance of the type that is not due to a point-of-action mutation. Examples of point-of-action mutations that result in point-of-action mutation-type PPO inhibitor resistance (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the point-of-action mutation") include Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus), palmeri), and Arg128Leu, Arg128Met, Arg128Gly, Arg128His, Arg128Ala, Arg128Cys, Arg128Glu, Arg128Ile, Arg128Lys, Arg128Asn, Arg128Gln, Arg128Ser, Arg128Thr, Arg128Val, Arg128Tyr, Gly210 deletion, Ala210 deletion, Gly210Thr, Ala210Thr, G211 deletion, Gly114Glu, Ser149Ile, Val361Ala, and Gly399Ala, as shown in the notation standardized by PPO2 of Kochia Examples of PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds include one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Phe454Val, Phe454Ile, and Phe454Leu, as indicated by a standardized designation system for PPO1 of P. scoparia. These PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are known to be resistant to carfentrazone ethyl, fomesafen, and lactofen. While weeds have PPO1 and PPO2 as PPOs, the mutations may be present in either PPO1 or PPO2, or may be present in both. The method of the present invention is suitable as a method for controlling PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds that have mutations in PPO2.

[0013] For example, the Arg128Met mutation means that there is a mutation in the 128th amino acid. Examples of weeds resistant to PPO inhibitors with site-of-action mutations are listed below. Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Met mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science 73, 1559-1563). Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Gly mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science 73, 1559-1563). Waterhemp (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Gly mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science, doi: 10.1002 / ps.5445). Waterhemp (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Ile mutation in PPO2, and waterhemp (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Lys mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science, doi: 10.1002 / ps.5445). A species of Bomugi (Bomugi) with a mutation in PPO2 corresponding to Arg128His (a species with an Arg132His mutation in PPO2) is known (WSSA annual meeting, 2018). A species of Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus) with a Gly399Ala mutation in PPO2 is known (Frontiers in Plant Science 10, Article 568). A species of Goosegrass (Goosegrass) with a mutation in PPO1 corresponding to Ala210Thr (a species of Goosegrass with an Ala212Thr mutation in PPO1) is known (WSSA annual meeting, 2019). A species of Kochia (Bokusho) with a Phe454Val, Phe454Ile, or Phe454Leu mutation in PPO1 is known (WSSA annual meeting, 2024). The method of the present invention effectively controls PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds with the above-mentioned site-of-action mutations, but is not limited to these. That is, not only amaryllis having point mutations in either or both of PPO1 and PPO2, but also, for example, waterhemp having point mutations, ragweed having point mutations, woolly barley having point mutations, ryegrass having point mutations, and false dung beetle having point mutations are effectively controlled.

[0014] Furthermore, the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds used in the method of the present invention may have PPO inhibitor resistance due to a non-active site mutation. Examples of weeds with reduced susceptibility due to a non-active site mutation include waterhemp and amaryllis, which have become resistant to PPO inhibitors due to the involvement of CYP or GST. Specifically, waterhemp that has become resistant to carfentrazone ethyl is known (PLOS ONE, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0215431). Even if the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have herbicide resistance due to a non-active site mutation, they can still be effectively controlled by the present invention.

[0015] In the method of the present invention, the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are not particularly limited in terms of intraspecific mutations in traits other than PPO inhibitor resistance. That is, they may also have traits of reduced sensitivity or resistance to specific herbicides other than PPO inhibitors. The reduced sensitivity or resistance may be due to a point-of-action mutation, in which a mutation occurs at the target site, or a non-point-of-action mutation. Non-point-of-action mutations include metabolic enhancement, absorption defects, translocation defects, and extracellular efflux. Factors that contribute to metabolic enhancement include increased activity of metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, aryl acylamidase, esterase, and glutathione S-transferase. Extracellular efflux includes transport to vacuoles via ABC transporters. Point-of-action mutations include, for example, one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene: Ala122Thr, Ala122Val, Ala122Tyr, Pro197Ser, Pro197His, Pro197Thr, Pro197Arg, Pro197Leu, Pro197Gln, Pro197Ala, Pro197Ile, Ala205Val, Ala205Phe, Asp376Glu, Arg377His, Trp574Leu, Trp574Gly, Trp574Met, Ser653Thr, Ser653Thr, Ser653Asn, Ser635Ile, Gly654Glu, Gly645Asp. Examples of reduced susceptibility of weeds due to site-of-action mutations include reduced susceptibility due to one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the ACCase gene. Ile1781Leu, Ile1781Val, Ile1781Thr, Trp1999Cys, Trp1999Leu, Ala2004Val, Trp2027Cys, Ile2041Asn, Ile2041Val, Asp2078Gly, Cys2088Arg, Gly2096Ala.Similarly, examples of reduced susceptibility of weeds due to site-of-action mutations include amino acid substitutions such as Thr102Ile, Pro106Ser, Pro106Ala, Pro106Leu, and Pro106Thr in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene. In particular, those with both the Thr102Ile and Pro106Ser amino acid substitutions and those with both the Thr102Ile and Pro106Thr amino acid substitutions are included. Glyphosate-resistant weeds with one or more of these amino acid substitutions, such as goosegrass, ryegrass, barley, ryegrass, large crabgrass, waterhemp, Bidens subalternans, and barnyardgrass, are effectively controlled even if they are also resistant to PPO inhibitors. Similarly, an example of reduced susceptibility in weeds with a target mutation is an increase in the copy number of the EPSPS gene, which allows glyphosate-resistant plants such as amaryllis, waterhemp, and kochia to be effectively controlled even when they are also resistant to PPO inhibitors. Glyphosate-resistant plants such as artemisia, ragweed, and ragweed, which are resistant to ABC transporters, are also effectively controlled even when they have a PPO-related target mutation. Another example of reduced susceptibility in a non-target mutation weed is barnyardgrass, which has reduced susceptibility to glyphosate due to increased expression of aldo-keto reductase (Plant Physiology 181, 1519-1534). This barnyardgrass is effectively controlled even when it is also resistant to PPO inhibitors.

[0016] Specific examples of PPO inhibitor-resistant weed species in the method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following: Urticaceae weeds: Dwarf nettle (Urtica urens) Polygonaceae weeds: Bindweed (Polygonum convolvulus), Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum longisetum, Willow (Polygonum aviculare), Willow (Polygonum arenastrum), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), Rumex japonicus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, and Rumex acetosa. Portulacaceae weeds: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Caryophyllaceae weeds: Chickweed (Stellaria media), Cow chickweed (Stellaria aquatica), Earweed (Cerastium holosteoides), Dutch earweed (Cerastium glomeratum), Common clover (Spergula arvensis), Silene gallica. Molluginaceae weeds: Woodruff (Mollugo verticillata). Chenopodiaceae weeds: Chenopodium album, Common ragwort (Chenopodium ambrosioides), Kochia scoparia, Salsola kali, Atriplex spp.

[0017] Amaranthaceae weeds: Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus viridis, Amaranthus lividus, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus palmeri, Amaranthus patulus, Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus = Amaranthus rudis = Amaranthus tamariscinus), American blackweed (Amaranthus blitoides), Amaranthus deflexus, Amaranthus quitensis, Alternant weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides), Alternanthus sessilis, Sanguinaria (Alternanthera tenella) Papaveraceae: Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), Long-legged poppy (Papaver dubium), Thistle poppy (Argemone mexicana) Brassicaceae: Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Field mustard (Sinapis arvensis), Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), Common mustard (Brassica juncea), Common oilseed rape (Brassica napus), Descurainia pinnata, Burdock root (Rorippa islandica), Yellow mustard (Rorippa sylvestris), Shepherd's purse (Thlaspi arvense), Mountain mustard (Myagrum rugosum), Lepidium virginicum, Coronopus didymusCapparaceae weed: Cleome affinis

[0018] Legume weeds (Fabaceae): Water hyacinth (Aeschynomene indica), zigzag-jointed vetch (Aeschynomene rudis), American hornbeam (Sesbania exaltata), Slipper grass (Cassia obtusifolia), Boxweed (Cassia occidentalis), Day bush clover (Desmodium tortuosum), Field bush clover (Desmodium adscendens), Illinois bush clover (Desmodium illinoense), White clover (Trifolium repens), Kudzu (Pueraria lobata), Vetch (Vicia angustifolia), Japanese ragwort (Indigofera hirsuta), Indigofera truxillensis, Wild cowpea (Vigna sinensis). Oxalidaceae: Wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata), Oxalis stricta, Oxalis oxyptera Geraniaceae: American buttercup (Geranium carolinense), Dutch buttercup (Erodium cicutarium) Euphorbiaceae: Spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia), Western jasmine (Euphorbia maculata), Cornus humistrata, Euphorbia esula, Cardamom (Euphorbia heterophylla), Hyssop-leaf sand mat (Euphorbia brasiliensis), Chinese hackberry (Acalypha australis), Tropic croton (Croton glandulosus), Lobed croton (Croton lobatus), Brazilian phyllanthus (Phyllanthus corcovadensis), castor bean (Ricinus communis)

[0019] Malvaceae: Abutilon theophrasti, Sida rhombifolia, Sida cordifolia, Sida spinosa, Sida glaziovii, Sida santaremnensis, Hibiscus trionum, Caladium laurel, Malvastrum coromandelianum. Onagraceae: Ludwigia epilobioides, Ludwigia octovalvis, Ludwigia decurrens, Oenothera biennis, Oenothera laciniata. Sterculiaceae (Sterculiaceae): Waltheria indica (Waltheria indica) Violaceae (Violaceae): Viola arvensis, Viola tricolor (Wild pansy) Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbitaceae): Sicyos angulatus, Echinocystis lobata, Momordica charantia (Wild bitter gourd) Lythraceae (Lythraceae): Ammannia multiflora, Ammannia auriculata, Ammannia coccinea, Lythrum salicaria, Rotala indica (Lythrum weed) Elatinaceae (Elatinaceae): Elatine triandra), California waterwort (Elatine californica)

[0020] Umbelliferae weeds (Apiaceae): Japanese parsley (Oenanthe javanica), wild carrot (Daucus carota), hemlock (Conium maculatum) Araliaceae weeds: Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Brazilian hydrocotyle (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) Ceratophyllaceae weeds: Ceratophyllum demersum Cabombaceae weeds: Cabomba caroliniana Haloragaceae weeds: Water milfoil (Myriophyllum aquaticum), water milfoil (Myriophyllum verticillatum), water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, etc.) Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae): Balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum) Primulaceae (Primulaceae): Red-leaf chickweed (Anagallis arvensis) Asclepiadaceae (Asclepiadaceae): Giant milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), honeyvine milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae): Catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine), cleaver (Galium spurium var. echinospermon), broadleaf weed (Spermacoce latifolia), Brazilian false hawkweed (Richardia brasiliensis), winged phallus buttonweed (Borreria alata)

[0021] Convolvulaceae weeds: Morning glory (Ipomoea nil), American morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea), round morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), round morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula), common morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa), starry morning glory (Ipomoea triloba), common morning glory (Ipomoea acuminata), ivy morning glory (Ipomoea hederifolia), common morning glory (Ipomoea coccinea), morning glory (Ipomoea quamoclit), Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea aristolochiaefolia, sweet bindweed (Ipomoea cairica), and European bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Calystegia hederacea, Calystegia japonica, Merremia hederacea, Hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia), Roadside woodrose (Merremia cissoides), Morning glory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia) Boraginaceae: Forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis) Lamiaceae: Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaule, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis lophanta, Leonurus sibiricus), Arvensis arvensis

[0022] Solanaceae weeds: Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Solanum americanum, Solanum ptycanthum, Solanum sarrachoides, Solanum rostratum, Solanum aculeatissimum, Solanum sisymbriifolium, Solanum carolinense, Solanum angulata, Solanum subglabrata, Solanum persica (Nicandra physalodes). Scrophulariaceae weeds: Veronica hederaefolia, Solanum persica (Veronica persica), Veronica arvensis, Lindernia procumbens, Lindernia dubia, Lindernia angustifolia, Bacopa rotundifolia, Dopatrium junceum, Gratiola japonica. Plantaginaceae: Plantain (Plantago asiatica), Plantain lanceolata, Common plantain (Plantago major), Water chickweed (Callitriche palustris).

[0023] Asteraceae weeds: Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), Giant cocklebur (Xanthium occidentale), Brimbur (Xanthium italicum), Wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), Chamomile (Matricaria perforata), Corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum), Oriental daisy (Matricaria matricarioides), Wormwood (Artemisia princeps), Artemisia vulgaris, Chinese mugwort (Artemisia verlotorum), Goldenrod (Solidago altissima), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Dead daisy (Galinsoga ciliata), Japanese cornflower (Galinsoga parviflora), Groundsweet (Senecio vulgaris, Senecio brasiliensis, Senecio grisebachii, Ragweed (Conyza bonariensis), Ragweed (Conyza smatrensis), Artemisia canadensis, Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), Bidens tripartita, Bidens pilosa, Bidens frondosa, Bidens subalternans, Thorn thistle (Cirsium arvense), Common thistle (Cirsium vulgare), Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), Musk thistle (Carduus nutans), Lettuce (Lactuca serriola), common sowweed (Sonchus oleraceus), common sowweed (Sonchus asper), beach creeping oxeye (Wedeliaglauca), Perfoliate Blackfoot (Melampodium perfoliatum), Pale Bitter Gum (Emilia sonchifolia), Chiaroscuro (Tagetes minuta), Paracles (Blainvillea latifolia), Little Daisy (Tridax procumbens), Yerba Polosa (Porophyllum ruderale), Paraguay Starburst (Acanthospermum australe), Bristle Starburst (Acanthospermum hispidum), Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum), Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides), Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), Dandlouze (Erechtites hieracifolia), American Everlasting (Gamochaeta spicata), White-legged Weevil (Gnaphalium spicatum), Jaegeria hiera (Jaegeria hirta), Cornflower (Parthenium hysterophorus), Oriental fir (Siegesbeckia orientalis), American snowdrop (Soliva sessilis), Eclipta prostrata, American snowdrop (Eclipta alba), Snowdrop (Centipeda minima)

[0024] Alismataceae: Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Sagittaria montevidensis, Sagittaria aginashi, Alisma canaliculatum, Alisma plantago-aquatica Limnocharitaceae: Limnocharis flava Hydrocharitaceae: Frogbit (Limnobium spongia), Hydrilla verticillata, Common water nymph (Najas guadalupensis) Araceae: Water duckweed (Pistia stratiotes) Duckweeds (Lemnaceae): Duckweed (Lemna aoukikusa, Lemna paucicostata, Lemna aequinoctialis), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), water flea (Wolffia spp.)) Potamogetonaceae: Potamogeton distinctus, pondweeds (Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton illinoensis, Stuckenia pectinata, etc.) Liliaceae: Wild onion (Allium canadense), wild garlic (Allium vineale), wild oak (Allium macrostemon) Pontederiaceae: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), American boxwood (Heteranthera limosa), Japanese black laurel (Monochoria korsakowii), Japanese boxwood (Monochoria vaginalis) Commelinaceae: Dayflower (Commelina communis), common dayflower (Commelina benghalensis), erect dayflower (Commelina erecta), boxwood (Murdannia keisak).

[0025] Grass weeds (Poaceae): Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), Oriental watergrass (Echinochloa oryzicola), Lesser Oriental watergrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis), Latewatergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides), Lesser barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona), Gulf cockspur (Echinochloa crus-pavonis), Green foxtail (Setaria viridis), Setaria faberi, Golden foxtail (Setaria glauca), American green foxtail (Setaria geniculata), Large crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris), Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Jamaican crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis), Large crabgrass (Digitaria insularis), Common goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Annual bluegrass (Poa annua), Poa trivialis, Poa pratensis, Alopecurus aequalis, Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), Oat (Avena fatua), Sorghum halepense, Shattercane (Sorghum vulgare), Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium rigidum, Bromegrass (Bromus catharticus), Bromegrass (Bromus sterilis), Bromegrass (Bromus japonicus), Bromegrass (Bromus secalinus), Bromegrass (Bromus tectorum), Bromegrass (Hordeum jubatum), Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), Small canary grass (Phalarisminor), Silky bentgrass (Apera spica-venti), Common bentgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum), Texas panicum (Panicum texanum), Guinea millet (Panicum maximum), American millet (Brachiaria platyphylla), Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea), Surinamegrass (Brachiaria decumbens), Palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha), Columbiagrass (Brachiaria humidicola), Sinqueweed moth (Cenchrus echinatus), Small chestnut moth (Cenchrus pauciflorus), Narco barnyard grass (Eriochloa villosa), Pennisetum (Pennisetum setosum), African brown grass (Chloris gayana), African brown grass (Chloris virgata), Eragrostis pilosa), Ruby grass (Rhynchelytrum repens), Seagrass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium), Taiwan grass (Ischaemum rugosum), Japanese bamboo grass (Isachne globosa), Wild rice (Oryza sativa), American paspalum (Paspalum notatum), Coastal sand paspalum (Paspalum maritimum), Knotgrass (Paspalum distichum), Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), Narrow-beaded grass (Pennisetum setosum), Horngrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis), Japanese maple grass (Leptochloa chinensis), Japanese maple grass (Leptochloa fascicularis), Japanese threadgrass (Leptochloa filiformis), Amazon spangletop (Leptochloa panicoides), Leersia japonica, Leersiasayanuka), Siberian bog grass (Leersia oryzoides), Duckgrass (Glyceria leptorrhiza), Mutsuoregusa (Glyceria acutiflora), Loach grass (Glyceria maxima), Duckgrass (Agrostis gigantea), Siberian bog grass (Agrostis stolonifera), Corngrass (Cynodon dactylon), Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), Centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), Big fescue (Festuca rubra), Imperata cylindrica, Japanese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis), Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Zoysia japonica

[0026] Cyperaceae weeds: Cyperus microiria, Cyperus iria, Cyperus compressus, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus flaccidus, Cyperus globosus, Cyperus nipponicus, Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus serotinus, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Kylerius gracillima, Kylerius brevifolia, Fimbristylis miliacea, Fimbristylis japonica dichotoma), Eleocharis acicularis, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Schoenoplectiella hotarui, Schoenoplectiella juncoides, Schoenoplectiella wallichii, Schoenoplectiella mucronatus, Schoenoplectiella triangulatus, Schoenoplectiella nipponicus, Schoenoplectiella triqueter, Bolboschoenus koshevnikovii, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis. Equisetaceae weeds: Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Horsetail (Equisetum palustre). Salviniaceae weeds: Salvinia natans Azollaceae weeds: Azolla japonica, Azolla pinnataMarsileaceae weeds: Marsilea quadrifolia Others: Filamentous algae (Pithophora, Cladophora), mosses, liverworts, hornworts, cyanobacteria, ferns, suckers of perennial plants (pome fruits, stone fruits, berries, nuts, citrus fruits, hops, grapes, etc.).

[0027] The method of the present invention is preferably applied to the above-mentioned weed species, and more preferably to one or more weed species selected from the group consisting of amaryllis, waterhemp, common ragweed, giant ragweed, and Japanese cornflower.

[0028] The growth stage of the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds that can be controlled by the method of the present invention is the cotyledon to two-leaf stage, specifically the cotyledon, one-leaf, or two-leaf stage.

[0029] The application rate of flumioxazin in the method of the present invention is 200 to 600 g per 10,000 m², preferably 210 to 420 g per 10,000 m², more preferably 224 to 350 g per 10,000 m², and even more preferably 224 g per 10,000 m². The above treatment rates can also be expressed as "approximately." "Approximately" means plus or minus 10%; for example, approximately 200 g means 180 to 220 g. "Approximately" can be used in the same sense not only for treatment rates, but also for values ​​described herein, such as spray volume, percentage, parts per million (ppm), volume median diameter, multiplication factor, and ratio. Flumioxazin can be applied by spraying it on infested weeds (foliar application). Spraying is typically carried out by mixing a formulation containing flumioxazin with water to prepare a spray solution, which is then applied using a sprayer equipped with a nozzle. The spray volume is not particularly limited, but is typically 50-1000 L per 10,000 m², preferably 100-500 L per 10,000 m², and more preferably 140-300 L per 10,000 m². An adjuvant may also be used when applying flumioxazin. The type of adjuvant is not particularly limited, but examples include oil-based adjuvants such as Agri-Dex and MSO, nonionic adjuvants (polyoxyethylene esters or ethers) such as Induce, anionic adjuvants (substituted sulfonates) such as Gramin S, cationic adjuvants (polyoxyethylene amines) such as Genamin T 200BM, and organic silicone adjuvants such as Silwet L77. Drift reducers such as Intact (polyethylene glycol) may also be used. The pH and hardness of the spray solution are not particularly limited, but are typically between 5 and 9, and the hardness is typically between 0 and 500 ppm on the American Hardness Scale. The time of day for applying flumioxazin is not particularly limited, but is usually between 5:00 AM and 9:00 PM, and the photon flux is usually between 10 and 2500 μmol / m / sec. The spray pressure when applying flumioxazin is not particularly limited, but is usually between 30 and 120 PSI, preferably between 40 and 80 PSI.

[0030] In the method of the present invention, flumioxazin is typically mixed with a carrier such as a solid carrier or a liquid carrier, and formulations containing formulation adjuvants such as surfactants are added as needed to prepare the formulation. Preferred formulations include soluble liquids, soluble granules, aqueous liquid suspensions, oily liquid suspensions, wettable dusts, water-dispersible granules, granules, aqueous emulsions, oily emulsions, suspoemulsions, and emulsifiable concentrates. Aqueous liquid suspensions are more preferred. Formulations containing flumioxazin as the sole active ingredient may be used alone or mixed with formulations containing other herbicides as active ingredients. Formulations containing flumioxazin and other herbicides as active ingredients may also be used. Furthermore, a formulation containing flumioxazin and other herbicides as active ingredients may be mixed with a formulation containing a different herbicide as an active ingredient. The proportion of the active ingredients (flumioxazin or the total of flumioxazin and other herbicides) in the formulation is usually 0.01 to 90% by weight, preferably 1 to 80% by weight.

[0031] The nozzle used to apply flumioxazin in the method of the present invention may be either a flat fan nozzle or a drift-reducing nozzle. Examples of flat fan nozzles include Teejet's Teejt110 series and XR Teejet110 series. These nozzles operate at normal spray pressures, typically 30 to 120 PSI, and the volume median diameter of droplets discharged from the nozzle is typically less than 430 microns. A drift-reducing nozzle is a nozzle that reduces drift compared to a flat fan nozzle and is known as an air induction nozzle or pre-orifice nozzle. The volume median diameter of droplets discharged from a drift-reducing nozzle is typically 430 microns or greater. An air induction nozzle has an air introduction section between the nozzle inlet (chemical solution introduction section) and outlet (chemical solution discharge section) and mixes air into the chemical solution to form air-filled droplets. Examples of air induction nozzles include Green Leaf Technology's TDXL11003-D, TDXL11004-D1, TDXL11005-D1, and TDXL11006-D; Teejet's TTI110025, TTI11003, TTI11004, TTI11005, TTI110061, and TTI110081; and Pentair's ULD120-041, ULD120-051, and ULD120-061. TTI11004 is particularly desirable. A pre-orifice nozzle is a nozzle in which the nozzle inlet (chemical introduction portion) is a metering orifice, which restricts the flow rate into the nozzle and reduces the pressure inside the nozzle, thereby forming large droplets. This reduces the pressure during discharge by approximately half compared to before introduction. Examples of pre-orifice nozzles include Wilger's DR110-10, UR110-05, UR110-06, UR110-08, and UR110-10, and Teejet's 1 / 4TTJ08 Turf Jet and 1 / 4TTJ04 Turf Jet.

[0032] The sprayer used to apply flumioxazin in the method of the present invention may be a hooded sprayer certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for drift reduction technology (DRT). Examples of DRT-certified hooded sprayers include the REDBALL 642, REDBALL 642E, REDBALL SPK645, REDBALL 645, REDBALL 645T, REDBALL SP645, and REDBALL ATV642, all manufactured by Willmar Fabrication LLC.

[0033] In the method of the present invention, locations where PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds grow include non-agricultural land and cultivated land. Examples of non-agricultural land include railways, factory sites, under pipelines, roadsides, parks, and embankments. Agricultural land is not particularly limited as long as it is a location where crops such as agricultural products are cultivated, and examples include fields, paddy fields, seedling trays, seedling boxes, and nurseries. Examples of crops cultivated in agricultural land include the following:

[0034] Corn (horse-tooth, hard grain, soft grain, explosive, glutinous, sweet, field corn), rice (long grain, short grain, medium grain, japonica, tropical japonica, indica, javanica, paddy rice, upland rice, floating rice, direct-seeded rice, transplanted rice, glutinous rice), wheat (bread wheat (hard, soft, medium, red wheat, white wheat), durum wheat, spelt wheat, club wheat, each winter wheat type, spring wheat type), barley (two-row barley (= beer barley), six-row barley, naked barley, waxy barley, each winter barley type, spring barley type), rye (winter rye type, spring rye type), triticale (winter triticale type, spring triticale type), oats (winter oat type, spring oat type), sorghum, cotton (upland type, pima type), soybean (fully harvested seed varieties, edamame varieties, green-harvested varieties, indeterminate, determinate, and semi-determinate types), peanuts, buckwheat, sugar beet (sugar processing, animal feed, root vegetable, leafy vegetable, fuel), rapeseed (winter rapeseed type, spring rapeseed type), canola (winter canola type, spring canola type), sunflower (oil extraction, food, ornamental), sugarcane, tobacco, tea plant, mulberry, solanaceous vegetables (eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, chili pepper) vegetables (cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, etc.), cruciferous vegetables (radish, turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, mustard greens, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), Asteraceae vegetables (burdock, chrysanthemum, artichoke, lettuce, etc.), lily vegetables (leeks, onions, garlic, asparagus, etc.), Apiaceae vegetables (carrots, parsley, celery, parsley, etc.), Chenopodiaceae vegetables (spinach, Swiss chard, etc.), Lamiaceae vegetables (perilla, mint, basil, etc.), strawberries, sweet potatoes, yams, scallions, Sweet potatoes, pome fruits (apples, European pears, Japanese pears, Chinese pears, quince, quince, etc.), stone fruits (peaches, plums, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, prunes, etc.), citrus fruits (Satsuma mandarins, oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, etc.), nuts (chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc.), berries (blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc.), grapes, persimmons, figs, olives, loquats, bananas, coffee, dates, coconuts, ornamental plants, forest plants,Turfgrass, pasture grass,

[0035] The method of the present invention is preferably applied to a field where the crop is cultivated, particularly one or more selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, canola, rice, wheat, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, and sunflower.

[0036] The crops are not particularly limited as long as they are varieties commonly cultivated as crops. The plant varieties may be plants that can be produced by natural crossbreeding, plants that can be generated by mutation, F1 hybrid plants, or transgenic plants (also called genetically modified crops). These plants generally have properties such as conferring herbicide resistance, accumulating toxic substances against pests, suppressing susceptibility to diseases, increasing yield potential, improving resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors, accumulating substances, and improving storability and processability.

[0037] An F1 hybrid plant is a first-generation hybrid obtained by crossing two varieties of different lineages, and generally has hybrid vigor characteristics that are superior to those of either parent. A transgenic plant is a plant into which foreign genes have been introduced from other organisms, such as microorganisms, and which has characteristics that cannot be easily obtained by cross-breeding, mutagenesis, or natural recombination in the natural environment.

[0038] Technologies for producing such plants include, for example, conventional breeding techniques, genetic engineering, genomic breeding, new breeding techniques, and genome editing. Traditional breeding techniques involve obtaining plants with desirable traits through mutation or crossbreeding. Genetic engineering involves extracting a gene (DNA) of interest from one organism (e.g., a microorganism) and introducing it into the genome of another target organism to confer new traits to that organism. Antisense or RNA interference techniques also confer new or improved characteristics by silencing other genes present in the plant. Genomic breeding techniques use genomic information to improve the efficiency of breeding and include DNA marker (also known as genome marker or gene marker) breeding and genomic selection. For example, DNA marker breeding uses DNA markers, which are DNA sequences that mark the location of specific useful trait genes on the genome, to select progeny that possess the desired useful trait genes from multiple crossbreeding progeny. Analyzing the progeny of hybrids at the seedling stage using DNA markers effectively shortens the time required for breeding. Genomic selection, which involves creating a predictive formula based on previously obtained phenotype and genomic information and predicting characteristics from the formula and genomic information without phenotypic evaluation, can contribute to improving breeding efficiency. New breeding techniques are a collective term for plant improvement (breeding) techniques that combine molecular biology techniques. Examples include cisgenesis / intragenesis, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, genome editing, grafting onto GM rootstocks or scions, reverse breeding, agroinfiltration, and seed production technology (SPT). Genome editing is a technique for sequence-specifically modifying genetic information, allowing for deletion of base sequences, substitution of amino acid sequences, and introduction of foreign genes.For example, such tools include zinc finger nucleases (ZFN, ZFNs), TALEN, CRISPR / Cas9, CRISPER / Cpf1, and meganuclease, which are capable of sequence-specific DNA cleavage, as well as sequence-specific genome modification technologies such as CAS9 nickase and Target-AID, which are created by modifying the aforementioned tools.

[0039] Examples of the above-mentioned plants include those listed in the GM Approval Database on the electronic information site of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) (http: / / www.isaaa.org / ). More specifically, these include herbicide-resistant plants, pest-resistant plants, disease-resistant plants, plants with modified product (e.g., starch, amino acids, fatty acids, etc.) quality (e.g., increased or decreased content or altered composition), fertility-modified plants, abiotic stress-tolerant plants, and plants with modified growth or yield traits.

[0040] Examples of plants that have been conferred herbicide resistance include: Herbicide resistance is achieved by reducing the affinity of the herbicide to its target, by expressing enzymes that inactivate the herbicide, thereby rapidly metabolizing the herbicide (degrading, modifying, etc.), or by inhibiting the uptake or translocation of the herbicide into the plant body.

[0041] Plants conferred herbicide tolerance through genetic engineering include those conferred tolerance through genetic engineering to PPO inhibitors such as flumioxazin, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors such as isoxaflutole and mesotrione, ALS inhibitors such as imidazolinone herbicides including imazethapyr and sulfonylurea herbicides including thifensulfuron methyl, EPSPS inhibitors such as glyphosate, glutamine synthetase inhibitors such as glufosinate, auxin-type herbicides such as 2,4-D, and oxynil herbicides including bromoxynil. In the method of the present invention, the herbicide-resistant plants are preferably plants (crops) to which tolerance to PPO inhibitors has been conferred, i.e., PPO inhibitor-resistant plants. Preferred herbicide-tolerant transgenic plants include cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats, as well as vegetables such as canola, sorghum, soybean, rice, rapeseed, sugar beet, sugarcane, grapes, lentils, sunflower, alfalfa, pome fruits, stone fruits, coffee, tea, strawberry, turfgrass, tomato, potato, cucumber, and lettuce. More preferred are cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats, as well as soybean, rice, vine, tomato, potato, and pome fruits. Specific herbicide-tolerant plants are listed below. PPO inhibitor-tolerant plants include plants that have been genetically modified to contain a PPO with reduced affinity for a PPO inhibitor, or plants that have been similarly modified with a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that detoxifies and decomposes a PPO inhibitor. Plants that contain both the PPO and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase may also be used. These plants are described in known literature, such as patent literature such as WO2011085221, WO2012080975, WO2014030090, WO2015022640, WO2015022636, WO2015022639, WO2015092706, WO2016203377, WO2017198859, WO2018019860, WO2018022777, WO2017112589, WO2017087672, WO2017039969, and WO2017023778, as well as non-patent literature (Pest ManagementScience, 61, 2005, 277-285). Glyphosate herbicide-resistant plants: These plants can be obtained by introducing one or more of the following genes: a glyphosate-resistant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4; glyphosate-metabolizing enzyme genes (gat4601, gat4621) derived from Bacillus licheniformis, in which the metabolic activity of the glyphosate-metabolizing enzyme (glyphosate N-acetyltransferase) gene has been enhanced by shuffling; a glyphosate-metabolizing enzyme (glyphosate oxidase gene, goxv247) derived from Ochrobacterum anthropi strain LBAA; or a glyphosate-resistant mutant EPSPS gene (mepsps, 2mepsps) derived from maize. The main plants tolerant to glyphosate include alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), corn (Zea mays L.), Polish canola (Brassica rapa), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Several glyphosate-tolerant transgenic plants are commercially available. For example, genetically modified plants that express glyphosate-resistant EPSPS derived from Agrobacterium are sold under trade names including "Roundup Ready (registered trademark)," genetically modified plants that express glyphosate-metabolizing enzymes derived from Bacillus bacteria whose metabolic activity has been enhanced by shuffling technology are sold under trade names such as "Optimum (registered trademark) GAT (trademark)" and "Optimum (registered trademark) Gly canola," and genetically modified plants that express EPSPS with a glyphosate-resistant mutation derived from maize are sold under the trade name "GlyTol (trademark)."Glufosinate herbicide-tolerant plants: Plants tolerant to glufosinate herbicides can be obtained by introducing one or more of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) gene (bar), which is a glufosinate-metabolizing enzyme derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme gene (pat), which is a glufosinate-metabolizing enzyme derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, or the synthetic pat gene (pat syn) derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes strain Tu494. The main plants include Argentine canola (Brassica napus), chicory (Cichorium intybus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), Polish canola (Brassica rapa), rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Several glufosinate-tolerant transgenic plants are commercially available. Transgenic plants derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (bar) and Streptomyces viridochromogenes are sold under brand names including LibertyLink™, InVigor™, and WideStrike™. Oxynil herbicide (e.g., bromoxynil) resistant plants: Transgenic plants that are resistant to oxynil herbicides, such as bromoxynil, are introduced with the nitrilase gene (bxn), an oxynil herbicide (e.g., bromoxynil) metabolizing enzyme derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae. Major plants include Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), and so on.L.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). These are sold under brand names including "Navigator™ canola" or "BXN™." ALS herbicide-resistant plants: carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) varieties "Moondust™," "Moonshadow™," "Moonshade™," "Moonlite™," "Moonaqua™," "Moonvista™," "Moonique™," "Moonpearl™," "Moonberry™," and "Moonvelvet™" introduced with the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) ALS herbicide-resistant gene (surB) as a selection marker; flax (Linum usitatissumum L.) "CDC Triffid Flax" introduced with the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ALS herbicide-resistant gene (als); and corn (Zea mays L.) "Optimum™" introduced with the maize ALS herbicide-resistant gene (zm-hra) to be tolerant to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. GAT™); imidazolinone herbicide-tolerant soybean "Cultivance" with the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (csr1-2) from Arabidopsis; sulfonylurea herbicide-tolerant soybean "Treus™," "Plenish™," and "Optimum GAT™" with the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (gm-hra) from soybean (Glycine max) are sold under the trade names. Also available is cotton with the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (S4-HrA) from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). HPPD herbicide-tolerant plants: oat (Avena sativa) HPPD gene (avhppd-03) with mesotrione resistance and Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Streptomyces viridochromogenes).Soybeans that are tolerant to mesotrione, a glufosinate-metabolizing enzyme derived from Sphingobium herbicidovorans, and that have also been introduced with the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) gene (pat) are sold under the trade name "Herbicide-tolerant Soybean line." 2,4-D-tolerant plants: Maize introduced with the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene (aad-1), a 2,4-D-metabolizing enzyme derived from Sphingobium herbicidovorans, is sold under the trade name "Enlist™ Maize." Soybeans and cotton introduced with the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene (aad-12), a 2,4-D-metabolizing enzyme derived from Delftia acidovorans, are sold under the trade name "Enlist™ Soybean." Dicamba-tolerant plants: Soybeans and cotton plants have been introduced with the dicamba monooxygenase gene (dmo), a dicamba-metabolizing enzyme derived from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain DI-6. Soybeans (Glycine max L.) that have been introduced with the glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 are sold under the trademark "Genuity® Roundup Ready™ 2 Xtend™." Examples of commercially available transgenic plants that have been conferred herbicide tolerance include glyphosate-tolerant corn varieties such as "Roundup Ready Corn," "Roundup Ready 2," "Agrisure GT," "Agrisure GT / CB / LL," "Agrisure GT / RW," "Agrisure 3000GT," "YieldGard VT Rootworm / RR2," and "YieldGard VT"Roundup Ready Triple"; glyphosate-tolerant soybeans "Roundup Ready Soybean" and "Optimum GAT"; glyphosate-tolerant cotton "Roundup Ready Cotton" and "Roundup Ready Flex"; glyphosate-tolerant canola "Roundup Ready Canola"; glyphosate-tolerant alfalfa "Roundup Ready Alfalfa" and glyphosate-tolerant rice "Roundup Ready Rice"; glufosinate-tolerant corn "Roundup Ready 2", "Liberty Link", "Herculex 1", "Herculex RW", "Herculex Xtra", "Agrisure GT / CB / LL", "Agrisure CB / LL / RW", and "Bt10"; glufosinate-tolerant cotton "FiberMax Liberty Link"; glufosinate-tolerant rice "Liberty Link Rice"; glufosinate-tolerant canola "in Vigor; glufosinate-tolerant rice variety Liberty LinkRice (a Bayer product); bromoxynil-tolerant cotton "BXN"; bromoxynil-tolerant canola "Navigator" and "Compass." Additional herbicide-modified plants are widely known, including alfalfa, apple, barley, eucalyptus, flax, grape, lentil, rapeseed, pea, potato, rice, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco, tomato, turfgrass, and wheat (see, e.g., US5188642, US4940835, US5633435, US5804425, US5627061) that are tolerant to glyphosate; and dicamba-tolerant bean, cotton, soybean, pea, potato, sunflower, tomato, turfgrass, and wheat. baco, corn, sorghum and sugarcane (see, e.g., WO2008051633, US7105724 and US5670454); soybean, sugar beet, potato, tomato and tobacco that are resistant to glufosinate (see, e.g., US6376754, US5646024, US5561236); cotton, peppers, apple, tomato, sunflower, tobacco, potato, corn, cucumber, wheat, soybean, sorghum and millet that are resistant to 2,4-D (see, e.g., US6153401, US6100446, WO2005107437, US5608147 and US5670454); ALS inhibitors (e.g., sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides-tolerant canola, corn, millet, barley, cotton, mustard, lettuce, lentil, melon, foxtail millet, oat, rapeseed, potato, rice, rye, sorghum, soybean, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco, tomato and wheat (see, e.g., US5013659, WO2006060634, US4761373, US5304732, US6211438, US6211439 and In particular, rice that is resistant to imidazolinone herbicides is known, and rice that has specific mutations in ALS (e.g., S653N, S654K, A122T, S653(At)N, S654(At)K, A122(At)T) is known (see, for example, US Pat. No. 6,222,100).2003 / 0217381, WO200520673); barley, sugarcane, rice, corn, tobacco, soybean, cotton, rapeseed, sugar beet, wheat, and potato that are resistant to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides (e.g., isoxazole herbicides such as isoxaflutole, triketone herbicides such as sulcotrione and mesotrione, pyrazole herbicides such as pyrazolinates, and diketonitrile decomposition products of isoxaflutole) are also known (e.g., WO2004 / 055191, WO199638567, WO1997049816, and US6791014).

[0042] Examples of plants conferred herbicide tolerance using genome editing include "SU Canola®," a canola strain with sulfonylurea herbicide tolerance developed using the Rapid Trait Development System (RTDS®). RTDS® is a genome editing technology called oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, which uses Gene Repair Oligonucleotide (GRON), a chimeric DNA-RNA oligonucleotide, to introduce mutations without cleaving the plant's DNA. Other examples include maize with reduced herbicide tolerance and phytic acid content achieved by deleting the endogenous IPK1 gene using zinc finger nucleases (see, for example, Nature 459, 437-441, 2009); and rice with herbicide tolerance conferred using CRISPR-Cas9 (see, for example, Rice 7, 5, 2014).

[0043] An example of a plant that has been conferred herbicide resistance through new breeding techniques is the use of GM rootstocks, a grafting-based breeding technique, to confer the properties of the scion to a non-transgenic soybean scion by using the glyphosate-tolerant Roundup Ready® soybean as a rootstock (see Weed Technology 27:412-416, 2013).

[0044] Plants that have been conferred herbicide tolerance by conventional breeding techniques or genomic breeding techniques include, for example, "Clearfield Rice," "Clearfield Wheat," "Clearfield Sunflower," "Clearfield lentils," and "Clearfield canola" (BASF products) that are resistant to imidazolinone ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as imazethapyr and imazamox; "STS soybean," which is resistant to sulfonyl ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as thifensulfuron methyl; "SR corn," which is resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (hereinafter abbreviated as ACCase) inhibitors such as trione oxime and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides; and "Poast Protected (registered trademark)," which is resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (hereinafter abbreviated as ACCase) inhibitors such as trione oxime and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides. corn"; for example, ExpressSun® sunflower that is resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides such as tribenuron; Rovisia® Rice, rice that is resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors such as quizalofop; and Triazinon Tolerant Canola, canola that is resistant to photosystem II inhibitors.

[0045] The above-mentioned plants include lines that have been imparted with two or more of the aforementioned abiotic stress resistance, disease resistance, herbicide resistance, pest resistance, growth or yield traits, nutrient uptake, product quality, fertility traits, etc. using genetic engineering technology, conventional breeding technology, genome breeding technology, new breeding technology, genome editing technology, etc., as well as lines that have been imparted with two or more traits possessed by parent lines by crossing plants with similar or different traits.

[0046] Commercially available plants that have been made tolerant to two or more herbicides include, for example, "GlyTol™ LibertyLink™" and "GlyTol™ LibertyLink™" cotton, which are tolerant to glyphosate and glufosinate; "Roundup Ready™ LibertyLink™ Maize," corn, which is tolerant to glyphosate and glufosinate; "Enlist™ Soybean," soybean, which is tolerant to glufosinate and 2,4-D; "Genuity® Roundup Ready™ 2 Xtend™," soybean, which is tolerant to glyphosate and dicamba; "OptimumGAT™," corn and soybean, which are tolerant to glyphosate and ALS inhibitors; and "Enlist E3™" and "Enlist™ Roundup Ready 2™," genetically modified soybeans, which are tolerant to three herbicides: glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D. Yield®; Enlist™ Roundup Ready™ Corn 2, a genetically modified corn that is tolerant to glyphosate, 2,4-D, and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOP) herbicides; Enlist™ Roundup Ready™ Corn 2, a genetically modified corn that is tolerant to glyphosate, 2,4-D, and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOP) herbicides; Bollgard II™ XtendFlex™ Cotton, a genetically modified cotton that is tolerant to dicamba, glyphosate, and glufosinate; and Enlist™ Cotton, a genetically modified cotton that is tolerant to the three herbicides glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D.Other genetically modified crops that have been developed include cotton that is tolerant to glufosinate and 2,4-D, cotton that is tolerant to both glufosinate and dicamba, corn that is tolerant to both glyphosate and 2,4-D, soybeans that are tolerant to both glyphosate and HPPD herbicides, genetically modified corn that is tolerant to glyphosate, glufosinate 2,4-D, aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOP) herbicides, and cyclohexadione (DIM) herbicides, and genetically modified soybeans that are tolerant to glyphosate, dicamba, glufosinate, 2,4-D, HPPD herbicides, and PPO inhibitor herbicides.Commercially available plants that have been given herbicide tolerance and pest resistance include, for example, "YieldGard Roundup Ready" and "YieldGard Roundup Ready 2" corn that are tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to corn borer; "Agrisure CB / LL" corn that is tolerant to glufosinate and resistant to corn borer; "YieldGard VT Rootworm / RR2" corn that is tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to corn rootworm and corn borer; "YieldGard VT Triple" corn that is tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to lepidopteran pests (Cry1F) (e.g., resistance to western bean cutworm, corn borer, black cutworm, and fall armyworm); and "YieldGard Corn Rootworm / Roundup Ready" corn that is tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to corn rootworm. 2"; Agrisure GT / RW corn, which has glufosinate tolerance and coleopteran resistance (Cry3A) (e.g., resistance to western corn rootworm, northern corn rootworm, and Mexican corn rootworm); Herculex RW corn, which has glufosinate tolerance and coleopteran resistance (Cry34 / 35Ab1) (e.g., resistance to western corn rootworm, northern corn rootworm, and Mexican corn rootworm); Yield Gard VT Rootworm / RR2 corn, which has glyphosate tolerance and corn rootworm resistance; and Bollgard 3® XtendFlex® cotton, which has dicamba tolerance, glyphosate tolerance, glyphosinate tolerance, and lepidopteran resistance (e.g., resistance to bollworms, tobacco budworms, armyworms, etc.).

[0047] When the method of the present invention is applied to a field where crops such as agricultural crops are grown, flumioxazin may be applied to the field where PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are growing at the cotyledon to two-leaf stage before sowing of crop seeds, or simultaneously with and / or after sowing. Specifically, flumioxazin is applied one to three times. A single application is one application before sowing, one application simultaneously with sowing, or one application after sowing. A two-application application is two applications excluding pre-sowing, two applications excluding simultaneous with sowing, or two applications excluding post-sowing. A three-application application is one application each before sowing, simultaneously with sowing, and after sowing. When flumioxazin is applied before sowing, it is typically applied 50 days to immediately before sowing, preferably 30 days to immediately before sowing, more preferably 20 days to immediately before sowing, and even more preferably 10 days to immediately before sowing. When flumioxazin is applied after sowing, it is usually applied immediately after sowing to before flowering. The more preferred application time is between immediately after sowing and before emergence, and when the crop has one to six true leaves. Flumioxazin can be applied simultaneously with sowing when the seed drill and sprayer are integrated.

[0048] When the method of the present invention is applied to a field where crops such as agricultural crops are grown, the seeds of the crops may be treated with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of specific insecticide compounds, nematicide compounds, fungicide compounds, and plant growth regulator compounds, such as neonicotinoid compounds, diamide compounds, carbamate compounds, organophosphate compounds, biological nematicide compounds, other insecticide compounds and nematicide compounds, azole compounds, strobilurin compounds, metalaxyl compounds, SDHI compounds, other fungicide compounds, and plant growth regulator compounds.

[0049] In the method of the present invention, flumioxazin can be used in combination with one or more other insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, and safeners. Here, "combined use" includes tank-mixing, premixing, and sequential application, and the order of sequential application is not particularly limited. Insecticides, nematicides, and fungicides that can be used in combination with flumioxazin include neonicotinoid compounds, diamide compounds, carbamate compounds, organophosphate compounds, biological nematicides and other insecticides, as well as azole compounds, strobilurin compounds, metalaxyl compounds, SDHI compounds, other fungicides, and plant growth regulators. Examples of herbicides, plant growth regulators, and safeners that can be used in combination with flumioxazin include the following: Herbicides: 2,3,6-TBA (2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid), 2,3,6-TBA dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA lithium, 2,3,6-TBA potassium, 2,3,6-TBA sodium, 2,4-D, 2,4-D choline, 2,4-D biproamine, 2,4-D doboxyl, 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D 3-Butoxypropyl (2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl), 2,4-D ammonium (2,4-D-ammonium), 2,4-D butotyl (2,4-D-butyl), 2,4-D butyl (2,4-D-butyl), 2,4-D diethylammonium (2,4-D-diethylammonium), 2,4-D dimethylammonium (2,4-D-dimethylammonium), 2,4-D diolamine (2,4-D-dodecylammonium), 2,4-D ethyl (2,4-D-ethyl), 2,4-D heptylammonium (2,4-D-heptylammonium)2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isooctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-mepty, 2,4-D-methyl, 2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-propyl ropyl), 2,4-D sodium salt (2,4-D-sodium), 2,4-D tefuryl, 2,4-D tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D triethylammonium, 2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D trolamine salt, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB choline salt (2,4-DB choline salt), 2,4-DB biproamine, 2,4-DB butyl, 2,4-DB dimethylammonium, 2,4-DB isooctyl, 2,4-DB potassium salt, 2,4-DB sodium salt, acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen sodium salt, aclonifen, ACN (2-amino-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione), alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron,Aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor potassium salt, aminopyralid, aminopyralid choline salt, aminopyralid potassium salt, aminopyralid Trypromine (aminopyralid-tripromine), amiprophos-methyl, amitrole, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, benquitrione, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone entazon), benthiocarb, benzfendizone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzthiazuron, bialaphos, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bipyrazone, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bixlozone, broclozone, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil,Bromoxynil-octanoate, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butyrate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorbromuron, chlorothiazol-1, chlorothiazol-2, chlorothiazol-3, chlorothiazol-4, chlorothiazol-5, chlorothiazol-6, chlorothiazol-7, chlorothiazol-8, chlorothiazol-9, chlorothiazol-10, chlorothiazol-11, chlorothiazol-12, chlorothiazol-13, chlorothiazol-14, chlorothiazol-15, chlorothiazol-16, chlorothiazol-17, chlorothiazol-18, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-20, chlorothiazol-21, chlorothiazol-22, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-21, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-21, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-22, chlorothiazol-19, chlorothiazol-23, chlorothiazol-24, chlorothiazol-25, chlorothiazol-26, chlorothiazol-27, chlorothiazol-28, chlorothiazol-2 Chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinflubrolin, cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid choline salt choline salt), clopyralid-methyl, clopyralid-olamine salt, clopyralid-potassium salt, clopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, cloransulam,Cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanazine, cyclopyranil, cycloate, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cypyrafluone, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, desmedipham, desmetryn, diallate, dicamba, dicamba choline salt, dicamba-biproamine, dicamba amine salt -trolamine), dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop choline salt, dichlorprop-biproamine, dichlorprop-etexyl, dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethylammonium,Dichlorprop ethylammonium, dichlorprop isoctyl, dichlorprop methyl, dichlorprop P, dichlorprop P choline salt, dichlorprop P-biproamine, dichlorprop P-etexyl, dichlorprop P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop potassium salt, dichlorprop sodium salt, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methyl sulfate metilsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr sodium salt, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimesulfazet, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimepiperate, dinitramine, dinoseb, dinoterb, dioxopyritrione, diphenamid, diquat, diquat-dibromide, DSMA (disodium methylarsonate), dithiopyr, diuron,DNOC (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), esprocarb, epirifenacil, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethidimuron, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron ysulfuron), etobenzanid, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenpyrazone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, fenuron uron), feproxydim, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, florasulam, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl -P-butyl), fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucarbazone sodium salt, flucetosulfuron, fluchloraminopyr, fluchloraminopyr-tefuryl, flufenacet, flufenoximacil, flufenpyr,flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumetsulam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butometyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamone, flusulfinam, fluthiacet, Fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fomesafen sodium, foramsulfuron, fosamine, glufosinate, glufosinate ammonium salt, glufosinate P, glufosinate P ammonium salt, glufosinate P sodium salt, glyphosate, glyphosate choline salt, glyphosate isopropylammonium salt, glyphosate biproamine salt, glyphosate ammonium salt, glyphosate diammonium salt,Glyphosate potassium salt (glyphosate-potassium), glyphosate sodium salt (glyphosate-sodium), glyphosate trimesium salt (glyphosate-trimesium), halauxifen, halauxifen-benzyl, halauxifen-methyl, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl sulfuron-methyl), haloxyfop, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-etotyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, icafolin, icafolin-methyl ), imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox ammonium salt, imazamox sodium salt, imazapic, imazapic ammonium salt, imazapyr, imazapyr ammonium salt, imazapyr-isopropylammonium salt, imazaquin, imazaquin ammonium salt, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium salt, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, indolauxipyrIndolauxipyr-cyanomethyl, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-octanoate, ipfencarbazone, iptriazopyrid, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide hydrazide), MCPA (2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid), MCPA choline salt, MCPA-biproamine, MCPA-etexyl, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-methyl, MCPA-olamine, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-trolamine, MCPB (4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoic acid), MCPB choline salt salt), MCPB-biproamine (MCPB-biproamine),MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl, MCPB-sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop choline salt, mecoprop-biproamine, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl, mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-trolamine, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P choline salt salt), mecoprop P 2-ethylhexyl (mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl), mecoprop P dimethylammonium (mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium), mecoprop P isobutyl (mecoprop-P-isobutyl), mecoprop P potassium salt (mecoprop-P-potassium), mefenacet (mefenacet), mesosulfuron (mesosulfuron), mesosulfuron methyl (mesosulfuron-methyl), mesotrione (mesotrione), metam (metam), metamifop (metamifop), metamitron (metamitron), metazachlor (metazachlor), metazosulfuron (metazosulfuron), metabenzthiazuron (methabenzthiazuron), methiozolin (methiozolin), methyldymron (methyldymron), metobromuron (metobromuron), metolachlor (metolachlor), metosulam (metosulam),Metoxuron, metproxybicyclone, metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, naproxen, nappropamide, naproxen-M, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, oleic acid acid), orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, paraquat-dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid acid), pendimethalin (pendimethalin), penoxsulam (penoxsulam), pentanochlor (pentanochlor), pentoxazone (pentoxazone), petoxamid (pethoxamid), phenisopham (phenisopham), phenmedipham (phenmedipham), picloram (picloram), pyrocolinafen (picolinafen), pinoxaden (pinoxaden), piperophos (piperophos), pretilachlor (pretilachlor), primisulfuron (primisulfuron), primisulfuron-methyl (primisulfuron-methyl), prodiamine (prodiamine), profluazol (profluazol), propoxydim (profoxydim), prometon (prometon), prometryn (prometryn), propachlor (propachlor),Propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraquinate, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyri Pyridafol, pyridate, pyriflubenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam am), quinclorac, quinmerac, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimisoxafen, rimsulfuron,Saflufenacil, sethoxydim, EPTC (S-ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate), siduron, simazine, simetryn, S-metolachlor, MSMA (sodium hydrogen methylarsonate), sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, swep, TCA (2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid acid), TCA ammonium (TCA-ammonium), TCA calcium (TCA-calcium), TCA ethadyl (TCA-ethadyl), TCA magnesium (TCA-magnesium), TCA sodium (TCA-sodium), tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetflupyrolimet, thaxtomin A A), thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thidiazimine, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiafenacil, thiocarbazil, tolpyralate, topramezone, tralkoxydim,triafamone, triallate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifludimoxazin, Trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tripyrasulfone, tritosulfuron, vernolate, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2 , 4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, 2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-(methylthio)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-(methanesulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 1-{2-chloro-6-[(5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]phenyl}-4,4,4-trifluorobutan-1-one. Safeners: allidochlor, benoxacor, cloquintocet, cloquintocet-mexyl, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid,Dicyclonone (dicyclonone), dimepiperate (dimepiperate), disulfoton (disulfoton), daimuron (daimuron), fenchlorazole (fenchlorazole), fenchlorazole-ethyl (fenchlorazole-ethyl), fenclorim (fenclorim), flurazole (flurazole), furilazole (furilazole), fluxofenim (fluxofenim), hexim (hexim), isoxadifen (isoxadifen), isoxadifen-ethyl (isoxadifen-ethyl), Jiecaowan, Jiecaoxi, mecoprop (mecoprop), mefenpyr (mefenpyr), mefenpyr-ethyl (mefenpyr-ethyl), mefenpyr-diethyl (mefenpyr-diethyl), mephenate (mephenate), metcamifen (metcamifen), oxabetrinil (oxabetrinil), 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (1,8-naphthalic CL-304415 (4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic CSB (1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene), DKA-24 (2,2-dichloro-N-[2-oxo-2-(2-propenylamino)ethyl]-N-(2-propenyl)acetamide), MG191 (2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane), MG-838 (2-propenyl 1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate),PPG-1292 (2,2-dichloro-N-(1,3-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2-propenyl)acetamide), R-28725 (3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2-dimethy l-1,3-oxazolidine), R-29148 (3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine), TI-35 (1-(dichloroacetyl)azepane). Plant growth regulators: hymexazol, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, inabenfide, prohexadione-calcium, 1-methylcyclopropene, trinexapac, and trinexapac-ethyl.

[0050] In the method of the present invention, particularly preferred herbicides that can be used in combination with flumioxazin include epirifenacil, saflufenacil, glyphosate potassium salt, pyroxasulfone, mesotrione, isoxaflutole, metribuzin, dicamba diglycolamine salt, 2,4-D trolamine salt, and glufosinate ammonium salt.

[0051] In the method of the present invention, cyprosulfamide, benoxacor, dichlormid, furilazole and isoxadifen-ethyl are particularly preferred as safeners that can be used in combination with flumioxazin.

[0052] When the above-mentioned insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, and / or safeners are used in combination with flumioxazin, the ratio to flumioxazin is usually 0.001 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10 parts, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts. More preferred ratios include 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, and 4 parts.

[0053] In the cultivation of crops using the method of the present invention, plant nutritional management as in conventional crop cultivation can be carried out. Fertilization systems can be based on precision agriculture or conventional uniform systems. Furthermore, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi can be inoculated as seed treatment.

[0054] The present invention will be explained below with reference to test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these test examples.

[0055] First, the evaluation criteria for herbicidal efficacy and phytotoxicity to crops shown in the following test examples are shown. [Herbicidal efficacy and phytotoxicity to crops] Herbicidal efficacy is rated on a scale from 0 to 100, with "0" being assigned if there is no or almost no difference in the state of emergence or growth of the test weeds at the time of investigation compared to untreated plants, and "100" being assigned if the test plants are completely dead or if emergence or growth is completely suppressed. Phytotoxicity to crops is rated as "harmless" if almost no phytotoxicity is observed, "small" if slight phytotoxicity is observed, "medium" if moderate phytotoxicity is observed, and "large" if severe phytotoxicity is observed.

[0056] Test Example 1: Amaranthus retroflexus plants carrying the Gly399Ala mutation in PPO2 were sown in soil-filled plastic pots and grown to the two-leaf stage. ValorSX (a water dispersible granule containing 51% by weight of flumioxazin, manufactured by Valent USA LLC) was mixed with water containing 1% by volume of a wetting agent (Agri-Dex (crop oil concentrate), manufactured by Helena) to prepare a spray solution. The spray solution was applied to the foliage of the Amaranthus retroflexus plants at a rate of 140 L per 10,000 m2 to achieve the desired treatment dose. The herbicidal effect on the Amaranthus retroflexus plants was visually evaluated 28 days after application. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0057]

[0058] Test Example 2: Amaranthus retroflexus plants with a Gly210 deletion mutation in PPO2 were sown in soil-filled plastic pots and grown to the two-leaf stage. ValorSX (a water dispersible granule containing 51% by weight of flumioxazin, manufactured by Valent USA LLC) was mixed with water containing 1% by volume of a wetting agent (Agri-Dex, manufactured by Helena) to prepare a spray solution. The spray solution was applied to the foliage of the Amaranthus retroflexus plants at a rate of 140 L per 10,000 m2 to achieve the desired treatment dose. For comparison, a similar test was conducted using Amaranthus retroflexus plants at the six-leaf stage. The herbicidal effect on the Amaranthus retroflexus plants was visually evaluated 14 days after application. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0059]

[0060] Test Example 3: Test Example 1 was repeated except that ValorSX was replaced with ValorEZ (aqueous liquid suspension containing 480 g / L of flumioxazin, manufactured by Valent USA LLC). Test Example 4: Test Example 2 was repeated except that ValorSX was replaced with ValorEZ (aqueous liquid suspension containing 480 g / L of flumioxazin, manufactured by Valent USA LLC).

[0061] The weed control method of the present invention enables efficient control of weeds.

Claims

1. In areas where PPO inhibitor resistant weeds at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage are growing, 10,000 m 2 A method for controlling PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds, comprising the step of applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per weed.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant Amaranth weeds, Common Ragweed weeds, and Common Scopolia weeds.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant amaryllis, waterhemp, common ragweed, giant ragweed, and Japanese cornflower.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have resistance to a PPO inhibitor via a point-of-action mutation.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have one or more mutations in PPO selected from the group consisting of Arg128Met mutation, Arg128Gly mutation, Arg128His mutation, Gly399Ala mutation, and Gly210 deletion mutation.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have non-effective point mutation-type PPO inhibitor resistance.

7. The method according to claim 1, comprising a step of foliar spraying flumioxazin on the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the location is a crop growing area.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the crop is one or more selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, canola, rice, wheat, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, and sunflower.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the crop is a crop to which tolerance to a PPO inhibitor has been imparted.

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