Hydraulic drilling rig for drilling production wells

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mining, and more particularly to drilling rigs for drilling and constructing production wells. The technical result of the invention is that of enhancing the functional capabilities and reducing the amount of time and materials required to erect a drilling rig. The claimed technical result is achieved in that a drilling rig is proposed which comprises a frame having a mast disposed on a wheeled base equipped with hydraulic outriggers, said frame having a drilling shelter mounted thereon for housing drilling equipment, and a drilling head feed carriage mounted on the mast such as to be movable along guides thereon, the mast having bracing struts on either side thereof to provide stability and having hydraulic cylinders arranged along its axis for extending and tilting the upper section of the mast, the drilling rig being characterized in that the frame has a catwalk attached thereto which has a travelling crane thereon for transporting drill pipes to the drilling location, as well as for delivering the drill pipes into a positioner disposed between the mast and the catwalk.

Description

[0001] Hydroficated drilling rig for drilling production wells

[0002] The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to drilling rigs for drilling and constructing industrial wells.

[0003] A drilling rig is known (Innovation Patent No. 21014. Drilling rig. Sushko S.M., Latypov A.S., et al. Published March 16, 2009, Bulletin No. 3), containing a spindle rotator with a hydraulic cylinder feed system for the drilling tool with an additional rotary rotator mounted above it with a shaped working pipe, a lowering and lifting device with a hoisting system, a mast and a wheeled base with a pipe turner.

[0004] The main disadvantages of the well-known drilling rig include:

[0005] - equipped with a 50 mm diameter drilling tool, which leads, firstly, to a multi-stage expansion of the wellbore to the required diameter and, accordingly, to an increase in the time spent on tripping operations to replace the rock-cutting tool; secondly, the small internal diameter of the tool does not ensure the creation of a sufficient velocity of the upward flow of drilling fluid to remove particles of drilled rock and clean the bottom of the well; thirdly, deviations from the borehole axis, breaks and sticking are possible due to the small weight of the drilling tool;

[0006] - to lift the installation mast, additional equipment must be used;

[0007] - to connect the machine drive, there must be a power line nearby;

[0008] - the possibility of reverse circulation drilling is not provided;

[0009] - the possibility of drilling inclined wells is not provided.

[0010] The objective of the invention is to develop a drilling rig that has a wider range of applications, and also improves the quality of well construction and reduces the time and material costs for its construction.

[0011] The technical result of the invention is the improvement of functional capabilities and the reduction of time and material costs for the construction of a drilling rig.

[0012] The claimed technical result is achieved in that a drilling rig is proposed, consisting of a frame with a mast on a wheeled base with hydraulic outriggers, on which a drilling building with drilling equipment inside is mounted, a feed carriage of a movable rotary head mounted on the mast with the ability to move along the guides of the mast, diagonals are located on both sides of the mast to provide stability, along the axis of the mast there are hydraulic cylinders for the ability to extend the upper section of the mast and tilt it, characterized in that a receiving bridge is attached to the frame with a gantry crane located on it for transporting drill pipes to the drilling site, as well as for feeding drill pipes into a positioner located between the mast and the receiving bridge.

[0013] In one embodiment, the drilling rig has two hydraulic motors secured to the rotary housing, connected to two high-speed shafts with a gear, the gears are connected to an intermediate shaft, on which there is a movable clutch with a gear shift lever, driven by a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the movable clutch is designed with the ability to move along the shaft (no numbering) and engage with the teeth of the gear wheels, and freely rotate around the shaft (no numbering), thus ensuring the switching of the first and second gears, the shaft (no numbering) is connected via gear wheels to the intermediate shaft, which is connected via gear transmissions to the spindle, a compensator for twisting and winding drill pipes during SPO is secured to one end of the spindle, and a swivel is secured to the other, the intermediate shaft is designed with the ability to transmit rotation to the pump.

[0014] In one of the embodiments of the drilling rig, the rotary head is fixed in a cradle, pivotally connected to the transverse carriage, the cradle is made with the ability to tilt the rotary head up to 90 degrees for performing tripping, the transverse carriage has the ability to move away from the drilling axis by 700 mm along the lower carriage, the movement is carried out in a sliding guide with the help of a hydraulic cylinder, rollers are used to move the feed carriage of the rotary head along the mast guides.

[0015] In one of the design variants of the drilling rig, the mast has the ability to move in the cradle guides using hydraulic cylinders, and in the working position, the mast is fixed with a lock, and the cradle is designed with the ability to rotate in the subframe hinges using hydraulic cylinders.

[0016] In one of the design options, a drilling rig uses high-pressure hydraulic fluid, obtained in the power unit pumps, to drive the working parts of the machine. Five hydraulic pumps are mounted on the gearbox housing. To drive them from the diesel engine, the housing contains gear transmissions, while rotation from the high-speed shaft is transmitted to the output shafts, and then to the hydraulic pumps. A gear clutch lever is used to disconnect the gearbox from the engine.

[0017] In one of the design variants of the drilling rig, there is a positioner designed to secure and feed the drill pipe during tripping and is located between the mast and the receiving bridge. On the base there are guides in which there is a stand with the ability to move using a hydraulic cylinder. In the upper part of the stand there is also a plate with guides, in the guides with the ability to move using a hydraulic cylinder there is a holder for clamping the drill pipe, for adjusting the tilt of the plate there is a turnbuckle.

[0018] Also, in a drilling rig containing a spindle rotator with a hydraulic cylinder feed system for a drilling tool with an additional rotary rotator mounted above it with a shaped working pipe, a lowering and lifting device with a hoisting system, a mast and a wheeled base with a pipe turner, the rotator is made movable with the possibility of using a drilling tool with a diameter of 89, 102, 114, 122 mm.

[0019] In specific cases of execution, the drilling rig has:

[0020] - hydraulic drive;

[0021] - swivels allowing for backwashing or air blowing;

[0022] - hydraulic cylinders for lifting and adjusting the position of the mast for drilling inclined wells;

[0023] - a positioner designed for securing and feeding a drill pipe during tripping operations;

[0024] - hydraulic outriggers for centering the drilling rig.

[0025] The proposed invention is explained with the help of graphic materials, where: Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the equipment arrangement on the drilling rig; Fig. 2 - the design of the movable rotary head; Fig. 3 - the design of the rotary head feed carriage; Fig. 4 - the design of the mast with the feed drive; Fig. 5 - the design of the swivel for reverse circulation of the well; Fig. 6 - the design of the swivel for blowing the well with air; Fig. 7 - the design of the distributing gearbox with a pump unit; Fig. 8 - the design of the positioner. The drilling rig (Fig. 1) consists of a frame 1 with a mast 3 on a wheeled base with hydraulic outriggers 2, on which a drilling building 4 with drilling equipment inside is mounted (not shown in the Fig.). The feed carriage 7 of the movable rotary head 6 is mounted on the mast 3 with the possibility of moving along the mast guides, to impart stability to which diagonals 5 located on both sides of the mast serve.The extension of the upper section of the mast is carried out by hydraulic cylinders 10, located along the axis of the mast, and its tilt is carried out by hydraulic cylinders 9. For transporting drill pipes to the drilling site, as well as for feeding drill pipes into the positioner (not shown in the figure), a receiving bridge 11 with a gantry crane 12 located on it is used as part of the drilling rig.

[0026] The drill string is rotated by a movable rotary head (Fig. 2). Two hydraulic motors 13, mounted on the rotary head housing 6, drive two high-speed shafts 21 with gears. The gears transmit rotation to an intermediate shaft 14, which has a movable clutch with a gearshift lever 15, driven by a hydraulic cylinder 16. As the movable clutch moves along the shaft, it engages the teeth of the gears, which rotate freely around the shaft, thereby shifting between first and second gears. From this shaft, rotation is transmitted via gears to intermediate shaft 17 and then, via gear transmissions, to spindle 18. Compensator 19 is attached to one end of spindle 18 for twisting and turning drill pipes during tripping, and swivel 8 is attached to the other. The swivel design depends on the type of flushing method used. To supply lubricant, rotation from intermediate shaft 14 is also transmitted to gear pump 20.

[0027] The rotary head is secured in cradle 22 (Fig. 3), pivotally connected to transverse carriage 23. Hydraulic cylinders 24 operate the cradle to tilt the rotary head up to 90 degrees for tripping. The transverse carriage can move 700 mm away from the drilling axis along lower carriage 25. This movement is accomplished in sliding guide 26 by hydraulic cylinder 27. Rollers 28 and 29 move the rotary head feed carriage along the mast guides.

[0028] The rotary head movement system provides rapid raising and lowering of the rotary head (during tripping operations), as well as adjustable rotary head feed during drilling. Movement is accomplished using hydraulic cylinder 30 (Fig. 4). The feed hydraulic cylinder with the sprocket block, via a chain, drives the rotary head feed carriage through the upper stationary sprocket block 31 and the lower stationary sprocket block 32. The free ends of the chain are secured to the lower travel chain mount 33 and the upper travel chain mount 34.

[0029] Mast 3 can move in the guides of cradle 22 using hydraulic cylinders 10. In the working position, the mast is fixed with lock 35. And the cradle can rotate in the hinges of subframe 36 using hydraulic cylinders 9.

[0030] To carry out drilling operations with reverse flushing of the well or air blowing, special swivels are used - a swivel for reverse flushing (Fig. 5) or a swivel for blowing (Fig. 6).

[0031] High-pressure hydraulic fluid, generated by the power unit's pumps, is used to drive the machine's working parts. Five hydraulic pumps 38 are mounted on gearbox housing 37 (Fig. 7). To drive them from the diesel engine, gear transmissions are located in housing 37. Rotation from high-speed shaft 39 is transmitted to output shafts 40, and then to the hydraulic pumps. Lever 41 of the toothed clutch is used to disconnect the gearbox from the engine.

[0032] The positioner (Fig. 8) is designed to secure and feed the drill pipe during tripping and is located between mast 3 and receiving bridge 11. Guides are provided on base 42, in which stand 43 is moved by hydraulic cylinder 44. A plate 45 with guides is also located at the top of stand 43. Holder 46 moves within the guides by hydraulic cylinder 47. The holder is designed to clamp the drill pipe. A turnbuckle 48 is provided to adjust the tilt of plate 45.

[0033] The drilling rig is operated as follows.

[0034] After installing the drilling rig on the well, the unit is centered using hydraulic outriggers 2 (jacks), then using hydraulic cylinders 10, the drilling mast 3 is raised to the working position, then the assistant drilling rig operator, using the control panel, activates the gantry crane 12, located on the receiving bridge 11, which lifts the drill rod and installs it on the positioner 8. In the positioner, using the holder 46, the drill rod is secured, the movable rotary head 6, using the carriage 7, is lowered and turned towards the holder of the positioner 46 and, using the spindle, the rotary head 18 is set in rotation at a reduced speed and screwed onto the working drill rod located in the holder of the positioner 46. Then, using the carriage 7, the rotary head 6 is quickly raised up the mast 3 together with the screwed drill rod, then it is lowered to wellhead for extending the drill string in the well.The required drilling parameters are set on the control panel, after which the drilling process continues. After the borehole has been drilled to the drill rod depth, the drill string is extended in the sequence described above.

[0035] In general, the drilling rig consists of a frame 1 with a mast 3 on a wheeled base with hydraulic outriggers 2, on which a drilling building 4 with drilling equipment inside is mounted, a feed carriage 7 of a movable rotary unit 6 mounted on the mast 3 with the possibility of moving along the guides of the mast 3, diagonals 5 are located on both sides of the mast to provide stability, hydraulic cylinders (9 and 10) are located along the axis of the mast to allow the extension of the upper section of the mast and its tilt, characterized in that a receiving bridge 11 is attached to the frame with a gantry crane 13 located on it for transporting drill pipes to the drilling site, as well as for feeding drill pipes into a positioner located between the mast 3 and the receiving bridge 11.

[0036] In one embodiment, the drilling rig has two hydraulic motors 13, secured to the housing of the rotary unit 6, connected to two high-speed shafts 21 with a gear, the gears are connected to an intermediate shaft 14, on which there is a movable clutch with a gear shift lever 15, driven by a hydraulic cylinder 16, and the movable clutch is designed with the ability to move along the shaft (no numbering) and engage with the teeth of the gear wheels, and freely rotate around the shaft (no numbering), thus ensuring the switching of the first and second gear, the shaft (no numbering) is connected through gear wheels to the intermediate shaft 17, which is connected through gear transmissions to the spindle 18, at one end of the spindle 18 a compensator 19 is fixed for twisting and winding the drill pipes during SPO, and on the other a swivel 8 is fixed, the intermediate shaft 14 is designed with the ability to transmit rotation pump 20.

[0037] In one embodiment of the drilling rig, the rotary head is secured in a cradle 22 (Fig. 3), pivotally connected to a transverse carriage 23. The cradle, driven by hydraulic cylinders 24, tilts the rotary head up to 90 degrees for tripping. The transverse carriage can move 700 mm away from the drilling axis along the lower carriage 25. This movement is accomplished in sliding guide 26 by hydraulic cylinder 27. Rollers 28 and 29 move the rotary head feed carriage along the mast guides.

[0038] In one embodiment of the drilling rig, the mast 3 can move in the guides of the cradle 22 using hydraulic cylinders 10, wherein in the working position the mast is fixed by a lock 35, and the cradle is configured to rotate in the hinges of the subframe 36 using hydraulic cylinders 9. In one embodiment of the drilling rig, high-pressure hydraulic fluid obtained in the pumps of the power plant is used to drive the working parts of the machine. Five hydraulic pumps 38 are fixed to the housing 37 of the gearbox (Fig. 7). To drive them from the diesel engine, gear transmissions are located in the housing 37, whereby rotation from the high-speed shaft 39 is transmitted to the output shafts 40, and then to the hydraulic pumps. The lever 41 of the toothed clutch is used to disconnect the gearbox from the engine.

[0039] In one embodiment of the drilling rig, there is a positioner (Fig. 8) designed to secure and feed the drill pipe during tripping and is located between the mast 3 and the receiving bridge 11. On the base 42 there are guides in which the stand 43 moves using a hydraulic cylinder 44. In the upper part of the stand 43 there is also a plate 45 with guides. A holder 46 moves in the guides using a hydraulic cylinder 47. The holder is designed to clamp the drill pipe. To adjust the tilt of the plate 45 there is a turnbuckle 48

Claims

Invention formula 1. A drilling rig consisting of a frame with a mast on a wheeled base with hydraulic outriggers, on which a drilling building with drilling equipment inside is mounted, a feed carriage of a movable rotary head mounted on the mast with the ability to move along the mast guides, diagonals are located on both sides of the mast to provide stability, hydraulic cylinders are located along the axis of the mast to enable the extension of the upper section of the mast and its tilt, characterized in that a receiving bridge with a gantry crane located on it for transporting drill pipes to the drilling site, as well as for feeding drill pipes into a positioner located between the mast and the receiving bridge is attached to the frame.

2. A drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two hydraulic motors secured to the rotary housing, connected to two high-speed shafts with a gear, the gears are connected to an intermediate shaft, on which there is a movable clutch with a gear shift lever, driven by a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the movable clutch is designed with the possibility of moving along the shaft (no numbering) and engaging with the teeth of the gear wheels, and freely rotating around the shaft (no numbering), thus ensuring the switching of the first and second gear, the shaft (no numbering) is connected via gear wheels to the intermediate shaft, which is connected via gear transmissions to the spindle, a compensator is secured to one end of the spindle for twisting and winding the drill pipes during SPO, and a swivel is secured to the other, the intermediate shaft is designed with the possibility of transmitting rotation to the pump.

3. The drilling rig according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rotary unit is fixed in a cradle pivotally connected to the transverse carriage, the cradle is designed with the ability to tilt the rotary unit up to 90 degrees for performing SPO due to the force of hydraulic cylinders, the transverse carriage has the ability to move away from the drilling axis by 700 mm along the lower carriage, the movement is carried out in a sliding guide using a hydraulic cylinder, rollers are used to move the feed carriage of the rotary unit along the mast guides.

4. A drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast has the ability to move in the guides of the cradle using hydraulic cylinders, and in the working position the mast is fixed with a lock, and the cradle is designed with the ability to rotate in the hinges of the subframe using hydraulic cylinders.

5. A drilling rig according to paragraph 1, characterized in that high-pressure hydraulic fluid obtained in the pumps of the power unit is used to set the working parts of the machine in motion; five hydraulic pumps are mounted on the gearbox housing; to set them in motion from a diesel engine, the housing contains gear transmissions, wherein rotation from the high-speed shaft is transmitted to the output shafts, and then to the hydraulic pumps; a gear clutch lever is used to disconnect the gearbox from the engine.

6. A drilling rig according to paragraph 1, characterized in that there is a positioner designed to secure and feed a drill pipe during tripping and is located between the mast and the receiving bridge, on the base there are guides in which there is a stand with the possibility of movement using a hydraulic cylinder, in the upper part of the stand there is also a plate with guides, in the guides with the possibility of movement using a hydraulic cylinder there is a holder for clamping the drill pipe, for adjusting the tilt of the plate there is a turnbuckle.

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