Electrochemical cell, mother unit for the preparation thereof, use, and preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of electrochemical cells, a mother unit and a method for preparing said cells. The electrochemical cells have a structure comprising at least 2 units. Each unit comprises at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer, at least one anode layer, at least one electrolyte layer and at least one cathode layer.

Description

[0001] Electrochemical cell, mother unit for its preparation, use and preparation process

[0002] technical field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of electrochemical cells, a mother unit and a process for their preparation.

[0004] Technical background

[0005] Electrochemical cells, including semi-solid electrochemical cells, are generally prepared using solvent-based processes or by extrusion. See, for example, international application WO 2004 / 051769 A2 filed on December 2, 2003, and European application EP 3699988 A1, which disclose electrochemical cells.

[0006] Although the electrochemical cells obtained by these processes exhibit satisfactory properties, performance in terms of energy density is generally obtained at the expense of performance in terms of power and vice versa.

[0007] There is therefore a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid-state electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved overall performance. There is also a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid-state electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved energy density without compromising power output. There is also a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid-state electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved power output without compromising energy density. Finally, there is a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid-state electrochemical cells, with a satisfactory or even improved energy density-to-power ratio.There is also a need to provide a mother unit for producing electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved overall performance. There is also a need to provide a process for preparing electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, that improves their overall performance. Finally, there is a need to provide a process for preparing electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, that increases the production rate of electrochemical cells and thus the productivity of the process. Summary of the invention.

[0008] In a first aspect, the invention relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a structure comprising at least 2 units, in that each unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A), at least one anode layer (B), at least one electrolyte layer (C) and at least one cathode layer (D).

[0009] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layers (A), the anode layers (B), the electrolyte layers (C) and the layers (D) have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less, respectively.

[0010] In some embodiments, the anode layers (B) and the cathode layers (D) are not adjacent within each unit and within the structure grouping them.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A) are adjacent to an anode layer (B), on the one hand, and to a cathode layer (D), on the other hand.

[0012] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one electrically conductive charge; the anode layer (B) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one anode active material; the electrolyte layer (C) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, optionally at least one alkali metal salt and optionally at least one electrically insulating charge; and the cathode layer (D) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one cathode active material.

[0013] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 40 to 90% of at least one electrically conductive charge by weight of the total layer; the anode layer (B) comprises 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of at least one anode active material, by weight of the total layer; the electrolyte layer (C) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of at least one ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of at least one alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of at least one electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer;and / or the cathode layer (D) comprises 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of at least one cathode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the structure is prepared by a co-extrusion step implemented with a co-extrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.

[0015] In some embodiments, the structure is prepared from a parent unit comprising at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

[0016] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a mother unit, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell as defined above, in that the mother unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

[0017] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one electrically conductive charge; the anode layer (B) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one anode active material; the electrolyte layer (C) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, optionally at least one alkali metal salt and optionally at least one electrically insulating charge; and the cathode layer (D) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one cathode active material.

[0018] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) comprises from 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 40 to 90% of at least one electrically conductive charge; the anode layer (b) comprises from 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and from 40 to 95% of anode active material, by weight by total weight of the layer; the electrolyte layer (c) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of at least one ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of at least one alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of at least one electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer;and / or the cathode layer (d) comprises 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% cathode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0019] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (a), the anode layers (b), the electrolyte layers (c) and the layers (d) have a thickness of less than 10 mm respectively; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 10 mm.

[0020] In some embodiments, the anode layers (b) and the cathode layers (d) are not adjacent within the parent unit.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the mother unit, as defined above, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell.

[0022] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrochemical cell as defined above, in that the structure of the electronic cell is prepared from a mother unit as defined above, by a co-extrusion step implemented with a co-extrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.

[0023] Surprisingly, the inventors demonstrated that preparing electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, using a coextrusion process implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplier element, resulted in electrochemical cells with improved performance in terms of energy density, power, and their ratio, especially compared to conventional electrochemical cells. Indeed, implementing this coextrusion process and using suitable material compositions allows for the preparation of electrochemical cells comprising numerous units formed from thin material layers.These electrochemical cells can comprise a large number of material layers (e.g., dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of layers) of very thin to extremely thin thickness (e.g., layers less than 30 µm thick). This multilayer structure can enable electrochemical cells with an energy density exceeding 300 Wh / kg, while maintaining a capacity greater than 90% at a 10°C regime.

[0024] Detailed description

[0025] The invention is now described in more detail, without limitation, in the following description. Electrochemical cell

[0026] In one aspect, the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a structure comprising at least 2 units (also referred to as "daughter units"), in that each unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A), at least one anode layer (B), at least one electrolyte layer (C) and at least one cathode layer (D).

[0027] With regard to the electrochemical cell, the term "layer" refers to the layers forming the units of the structures prepared by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element (hereafter referred to as the coextrusion-multiplication step), as defined below. The structure of the electrochemical cell corresponds to the layered structure obtained after implementation of the coextrusion-multiplication step.

[0028] The (B), (C), and (D) layers composing the units are thin (micrometer scale) or even very thin (nanometer scale). By extension, electrochemical cells comprising a structure including units with thin (B), (C), and (D) layers (microlayers) are currently referred to as micrometer-scale electrochemical cells; and electrochemical cells comprising a structure including units with very thin (B), (C), and (D) layers (nanolayers) are currently referred to as nanometer-scale electrochemical cells.

[0029] For example, the thin (micrometer scale) layers (B), (C), and (D) can have a thickness of 1 to 10 pm, alternatively 10 to less than 20 pm, alternatively 20 to less than 30 pm, alternatively 30 to less than 40 pm, alternatively 40 to less than 50 pm, alternatively 50 to less than 60 pm, alternatively 60 to less than 70 pm, alternatively 70 to less than 80 pm, alternatively 80 to less than 90 pm, alternatively 90 to less than 100 pm, alternatively 100 to less than 110 pm, alternatively 110 to less than 120 pm, alternatively 120 to less than 130 pm, alternatively 130 to less than 140 pm, alternatively 140 to before 150 pm, alternatively from 150 to before 160 pm, alternatively from 160 to before 170 pm, alternatively from 170 to before 180 pm, alternatively from 180 to before 190 pm, alternatively from 190 to before 200 pm, alternatively from 200 to before 210 pm, alternatively from 210 to 220 pm,alternately from 220 to 230 pm, alternately from 230 to less than 240 pm, alternately from 240 to less than 250 pm, alternately from 250 to less than 260 pm, alternately from 260 to less than 270 pm, alternately from 270 to less than 280 pm, alternately from 280 to less than 290 pm, alternately from 290 to less than 300 pm. For example, the very thin (nanometer scale) layers (B), (C) and (D) can have a thickness of 1 to less than 100 nm, alternatively 100 to less than 200 nm, alternatively 200 to less than 300 nm, alternatively 300 to less than 400 nm, alternatively 400 to less than 500 nm, alternatively 500 to less than 600 nm, alternatively 600 to less than 700 nm, alternatively 700 to less than 800 nm, alternatively 800 to less than 900 nm, alternatively 900 to less than 1 pm.

[0030] The anode layers (B) may have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less. In one embodiment, the anode layers (B) are very thin (micrometer scale). They may have a thickness of 1 to 30 pm; preferably 1 to 10 pm; most preferably 1 to 5 pm. In an alternative embodiment, the anode layers (B) are very thin (nanometer scale). They may have a thickness of less than 1 pm; preferably 1 to 500 nm; most preferably 1 to 100 nm.

[0031] The electrolyte layers (C) may have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less. In one embodiment, the electrolyte layers (C) are very thin (micrometer scale). They may have a thickness of 1 to 30 pm; preferably 1 to 10 pm; most preferably 1 to 5 pm. In an alternative embodiment, the electrolyte layers (C) are very thin (nanometer scale). They may have a thickness of less than 1 pm; preferably 1 to 500 nm; most preferably 1 to 100 nm.

[0032] The cathode layers (D) may have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less. In one embodiment, the cathode layers (D) are very thin (micrometer scale). They may have a thickness of 1 to 30 pm; preferably 1 to 10 pm; most preferably 1 to 5 pm. In an alternative embodiment, the cathode layers (D) are very thin (nanometer scale). They may have a thickness of less than 1 pm; preferably 1 to 500 nm; most preferably 1 to 100 nm.

[0033] The thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A) can have a thickness of 100 nm to 30 pm; preferably 100 nm to 5 pm.

[0034] In one embodiment, the anode layer (B) has a conductivity greater than 0.05 ms / cm at a temperature of 25°C.

[0035] In one embodiment, the electrolyte layer (C) has a conductivity greater than 0.05 mS / cm at a temperature of 25°C. In another embodiment, the cathode layer (D) has a conductivity greater than 0.05 mS / cm at a temperature of 25°C.

[0036] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layer (A) has a conductivity of 10' 7ms / cm or less, at a temperature of 25°C. The conductivity of the layers, or of the materials composing them, can be measured using the following method: the ionic conductivity of the layers is measured at a temperature of 25°C by electrochemical impedance spectrophotometry in a button cell, in which the layer is placed between two stainless steel electrodes. The resistance R of the layer is obtained by extrapolation (with a linear model) of the low-frequency quasi-linear portion of the impedance spectrum. The resistance R is taken at the intersection of the x-axis of the Nyquist diagram. Therefore, the ionic conductivity α is obtained using the equation α = d / (R × A), where d is the thickness of the layer and A is the surface area of ​​the electrode.

[0037] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layer (A) has a resistivity of less than 45 Q.cm 2 .

[0038] The resistivity of the layers can be measured using the method disclosed in application EP 3699988 A1.

[0039] The structure forming the electrochemical cell may comprise at least 4 units (for example, from 4 to 4096 units); preferably at least 8 units; most preferably at least 32 units. For example, the structure forming the electrochemical cell may comprise 4 units, alternatively 8 units, alternatively 16 units, alternatively 32 units, alternatively 64 units, alternatively 128 units, alternatively 256 units, alternatively 512 units, alternatively 1024 units, alternatively 2048 units, alternatively 4096 units. In one embodiment, the structure forming the electrochemical cell comprises 2 An units where n denotes the number of multiplier elements in the coextrusion device. For example, if the unit comprises four different layers, the structure forming the electrochemical cell comprises 2 A (n+2) layers where n denotes the number of multiplier elements of the coextrusion device.

[0040] In one embodiment, the anode layers (B) and the cathode layers (D) are not adjacent within each unit and within the structure grouping them.

[0041] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A) are adjacent to an anode layer (B), on the one hand, and to a cathode layer (D), on the other hand.

[0042] The at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one electrically conductive filler. In one embodiment, the at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises from 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer and from 40 to 90% of at least one electrically conductive filler, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0043] The at least one anode layer (B) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive filler, and at least one anode active material. In one embodiment, the at least one anode layer (B) comprises from 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive filler, and from 40 to 95% of at least one anode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0044] The at least one electrolyte layer (C) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, optionally at least one alkali metal salt, and optionally at least one electrically insulating charge. In one embodiment, the at least one electrolyte layer (C) comprises from 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 10 to 60% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0 to 20% of at least one alkali metal salt, and from 0 to 50% of at least one electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0045] The at least one cathode layer (D) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive filler, and at least one cathode active material. In one embodiment, the at least one cathode layer (D) comprises from 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive filler, and from 40 to 95% of at least one cathode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0046] The structure comprising at least two units can be prepared by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplier element, as defined below.

[0047] The structure may also include at least one sacrificial layer (E) at its periphery; preferably at least one sacrificial layer on each side of the structure. The at least one sacrificial layer may have a thickness of 1 to 500 µm.

[0048] For example, the sacrificial layer (E) can be a layer corresponding to a thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer, such as the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) defined above. Sacrificial layers can be added after preparation of the structure comprising at least two units by implementing a coextrusion step, without the use of a multiplier element (hereafter referred to as the simple coextrusion process).

[0049] The electrochemical cell can have a potential of 1 to 6 V. For example, the electrochemical cell can have a potential of 1 to 1.5 V, alternatively 1.5 to 2 V, alternatively 2 to 2.5 V, alternatively 2.5 to 3 V, alternatively 3 to

[0050] 3.5 V, alternately from 3.5 to 4 V, alternately from 4 to 4.5 V, alternately from

[0051] 4.5 to 5 V, alternately from 5 to 5.5 V, alternately from 5.5 to 6 V.

[0052] The electrochemical cell can be chosen from among the semi-solid electrochemical cells.

[0053] Electrochemical cells can be used in many applications, including selected applications from the group consisting of electronic devices (e.g. connected objects, mobile phones, tablets, computers), household appliances (e.g. vacuum cleaners, drills), means of locomotion (e.g. bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trucks, airplanes).

[0054] Electrochemical cells can be used conventionally in various devices, for example in series or in parallel, especially in parallel.

[0055] Mother unit

[0056] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a mother unit for the preparation of an electrochemical cell as defined above. The mother unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte microlayer (c) and at least one cathode microlayer (d).

[0057] Regarding the parent unit (which can also be called the substrate or film), the term "layer" refers to the layers (macrolayers) that form the parent unit before the coextrusion-multiplication step (macrolayers) is implemented. The parent unit therefore corresponds to a layered structure prior to the coextrusion-multiplication step.

[0058] The thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (a) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 µm to 100 mm.

[0059] The anode layers (b) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 100 mm.

[0060] The electrolyte layers (c) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 µm to 100 mm. The layers (d) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 µm to 100 mm.

[0061] The at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one electrically conductive filler. In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) comprises from 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer and from 40 to 90% of at least one electrically conductive filler, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0062] The at least one anode layer (b) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive filler, and at least one anode active material. In one embodiment, the anode layer (b) comprises from 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive filler, and from 40 to 95% of at least one anode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0063] The electrolyte layer (c) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, optionally at least one alkali metal salt, and optionally at least one electrically insulating charge. The electrolyte layer (c) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of at least one ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of at least one alkali metal salt, and 0 to 50% of at least one electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0064] The cathode layer (d) may comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive filler, and at least one cathode active. The cathode layer (d) comprises from 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive filler, and from 40 to 95% of at least one cathode active, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0065] In one embodiment, the anode layers (b) and cathode layers (d) are not adjacent within the parent unit. Alternatively, the order of the different layers within the parent unit can vary depending on the type of electrochemical cell desired.

[0066] The parent unit can be a parent unit of structure abcd(a). A parent unit of structure abcd(a) comprises: - at least one first layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a);

[0067] - at least one second anode layer (b), adjacent to at least the first microlayer (a);

[0068] - at least one third layer of electrolyte (c), adjacent to at least the second microlayer (b);

[0069] - at least a fourth cathode layer (d), adjacent to at least the third layer (c); and

[0070] - optionally at least a fifth layer of thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a), adjacent to at least the fourth layer (d).

[0071] Alternatively, the parent unit can be a parent unit of structure adcb(a). A parent unit of structure adcb(a) comprises:

[0072] - at least one first layer of thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a);

[0073] - at least one second cathode layer (d), adjacent to at least the first microlayer (a);

[0074] - at least one third layer of electrolyte (c), adjacent to at least the second microlayer (d);

[0075] - at least a fourth anode layer (b), adjacent to at least the third layer (c); and

[0076] - optionally at least a fifth layer of thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a), adjacent to at least the fourth layer (b).

[0077] The parent unit can be prepared by implementing a co-extrusion step, without the use of a multiplying element.

[0078] The mother unit can be prepared from at least one thermoplastic electronic conductive collector composition (a), at least one anode composition (b), at least one electrolyte composition (c) and at least one cathode composition (d).

[0079] In one embodiment, the anode composition (b) has a molten viscosity between 10 and 10,000 Pa·s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 200°C, shear rate of 100 s -1 ).

[0080] In one embodiment, the electrolyte composition (c) has a molten viscosity between 10 and 10,000 Pa·s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 200°C, shear rate of 100 s -1 ). In one embodiment, the cathode composition (d) has a molten viscosity between 10 and 10,000 Pa·s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 200°C, shear rate of 100 s -1 ).

[0081] In one embodiment, the composition of a thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a) has a molten viscosity between 100 and 100,000 Pa·s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 230°C, shear rate of 100 s -1 ).

[0082] The viscosity ratio of the cathode composition (d) to that of the electrolyte composition (c) can be from 0.1 to 10. In an embodiment corresponding to nanometric electrochemical cells, the viscosity ratio of the cathode composition (d) to that of the electrolyte composition (c) is between 0.2 and 5.

[0083] The viscosity ratio of the cathode composition (d) to that of the anode composition (b) can be from 0.1 to 10. In an embodiment corresponding to nanometric electrochemical cells, the viscosity ratio of the cathode composition (d) to that of the anode composition (b) is between 0.2 and 5.

[0084] The viscosity ratio of the electrolyte composition (c) to that of the anode composition (b) can be from 0.1 to 10. In an embodiment corresponding to nanometric electrochemical cells, the viscosity ratio of the electrolyte composition (c) to that of the anode composition (b) is between 0.2 and 5.

[0085] At least one thermoplastic electronic conductive collector composition (a) may be in granular form.

[0086] At least one anode composition (b) is in granular form.

[0087] At least one electrolyte composition (c) is in granular form.

[0088] At least one cathode composition (d) is in the form of granules.

[0089] Thermoplastic polymer

[0090] Said at least one thermoplastic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of a fluorinated polymer, a hydrophilic polymer, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyamideimide, a polyamic acid, a polyaryletherketone, a polyolefin, a polysulfone, a polyelectrolyte, polyoxyethylene or mixtures thereof; preferably from the group consisting of a fluorinated polymer, a hydrophilic polymer or mixtures thereof.

[0091] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise in its chain at least repeating units of a fluorinated monomer selected from compounds containing a vinyl group capable of opening to polymerize and which contains, directly attached to this vinyl group, at least one fluorine atom, a fluoroalkyl group or a fluoroalkoxy group.

[0092] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units from a monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride; vinylidene fluoride (VDF); trifluoroethylene (TrFE); chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE); 1,2-difluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); hexafluoropropylene (HFP); perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X in which X is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; the product of formula F(CF2)nCH2OCF=CF2 in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the product of formula R 1 CH2OCF=CF2 in which R 1 is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the product has the formula R 2 OCF=CH2 in which R 2is F(CF2)p and p is 1, 2, 3, or 4; perfluorobutylethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene, and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof. Examples of trifluoropropene include 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. Examples of tetrafluoropropene include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. Examples of pentafluoropropene include 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene. Chlorofluoroethylene can refer to either 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene or 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene. The 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene isomer is preferred. Chlorotrifluoropropene is preferentially 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene or 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

[0093] In particular, said fluorinated polymer may comprise at least repeating units derived from a monomer being vinylidene fluoride. The fluorinated polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride.

[0094] The fluorinated polymer can be a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer.

[0095] According to another particular embodiment, the fluorinated polymer is a polymer comprising repeating units from a monomer being vinylidene fluoride and repeating units from a fluorinated monomer M1 copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride.

[0096] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units from a vinylidene fluoride monomer and repeating units from a fluorinated monomer M1 selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene (TrFE); chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE); 1,2-difluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); hexafluoropropylene (HFP); perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X in which X is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; the product of the formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; the product of the formula F(CF2)nCH2OCF=CF2 in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the product of the formula R 1 CH2OCF=CF2 in which R 1 is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the product has the formula R 2OCF=CH2 in which R 2 is F(CF2)p and p is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture of these.

[0097] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units derived from a vinylidene fluoride monomer and repeating units derived from a fluorinated monomer M1 selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene; chlorotrifluoroethylene; 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene; hexafluoropropylene; perfluoro(alkyl vinyl)ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl)ether, perfluoro(ethyl vinyl)ether or perfluoro(propyl vinyl)ether; perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole); the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X in which X is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; the product of formula F(CF2)nCH2OCF=CF2 in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the product of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)z and z is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the product of formula R”OCF=CH2 in which R” is F(CF2)z and z is 1, 2, 3 or 4;trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene or 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.;

[0098] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units derived from a monomer being vinylidene fluoride and repeating units derived from a fluorinated monomer M1 selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or a mixture thereof.The polymer said may be, for example, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene and trifluoroethylene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene or a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene and tetrafluoroethylene.

[0099] The fluorinated polymer may be a poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) or poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) copolymer. In this case, the fluorinated polymer may preferably have a vinylidene fluoride repeating unit content of at least 50% by weight based on the total weight of the fluorinated polymer, advantageously at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, and in particular at least 85% by weight based on the total weight of the fluorinated polymer. Preferably, the fluorinated polymer may have a vinylidene fluoride repeating unit content of between 60% and 99.5% by weight and a chlorotrifluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene repeating unit content of between 0.5% and 40% by weight based on the total weight of the fluorinated polymer.In particular, said fluorinated polymer may preferably have a weight content in repeating units from vinylidene fluoride of between 60 and 99.5%, advantageously between 65 and 99%, preferably between 70 and 98%, in particular between 75 and 97%, more particularly between 80 and 96%, preferably between 85 and 95%; and of 0.5 and 40% by weight of repeating units from chlorotrifluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene, advantageously between 1 and 35%, preferably between 2 and 30%, in particular between 3 and 25%, more particularly between 4 and 20%, preferably between 5 and 15% on the basis of the total weight of said fluorinated polymer.

[0100] The fluorinated polymer may optionally comprise repeating units derived from a monomer M1” of formula R a R b C=C(R c )HORN d in which the R substituents a , R b and R care independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl; R d is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 or -OR d 'with R d 'selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, -OC(O)R group(s) d ”, -C(O)OR d or a five- or ten-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain; R dbeing selected from the group consisting of a C1-C1 alkyl or C6-C12 aryl optionally substituted by one or more -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, or -PO3H groups. Said heterocycle may be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. Said heterocycle may be monocyclic or bicyclic. Said heterocycle may be a pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,4-dihydropyridine, indole, oxindole, isatin, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, imidazoline, pyrazolidine, 2-pyrrolidone, delta-lactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, or 4-imidazolidinone ring. Said heterocycle may be substituted by one or more C1-C5 alkyl groups. As mentioned above, the C1-C18 The alkyl group is optionally substituted by the heterocycle. The heterocycle may be linked to the alkyl chain by the nitrogen atom or any other atom forming the heterocycle. Preferably, the heterocycle is 2-pyrrolidone, delta-lactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, or 4-imidazolidinone.The said monomer M1” can be of formula R. a R b C=C(R c )HORN d in which the R substituents a , R b and R c are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl; R d is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 or -OR d 'with R d 'selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, -OC(O)R group(s) d ”, -C(O)OR d or a five- or ten-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain; R dbeing selected from the group consisting of a Ci-Ce alkyl or C6-C12 aryl optionally substituted by one or more -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, or -PO3H group(s). Preferably, the heterocycle is as defined above; in particular, the heterocycle is 2-pyrrolidone, deltalactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, or 4-imidazolidinone. Preferably, the substituent R d ' is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-dodecyl, amyl, isoamyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, lauryl, n-octyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxybutyl, hydroxypropyl, ethyl substituted with a ureido group. In particular, said monomer M1” has the formula R a R b C=C(R c )HORN d in which the R substituents a and R b are H; R c is H or CH3; R d is -OR d 'with R d' selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, 2-pyrrolidone, deltalactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, 4-imidazolidinone. More specifically, said monomer M1” may be acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, diacetone acrylamide, lauryl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, methyl acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, methacrylate n-Butyl, isobutyl methacrylate,t-butyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, ureido methacrylate, monomers of formula CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H),

[0101] CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2-O-C(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-C6H4CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H); and mixtures thereof. Among these, said monomer M1” with an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred, and an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable. Said fluorinated polymer may comprise one or more repeating units derived from said monomer M1” as defined herein.

[0102] The fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units derived from a vinylidene fluoride monomer, repeating units derived from a fluorinated monomer M1, and repeating units derived from a non-fluorinated monomer M1” of formula R a R b C=C(R b )HORN d; said monomers M1 and M1” being as defined above. For example, said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units from a monomer being vinylidene fluoride, repeating units from a fluorinated monomer M1 being hexafluoropropene and repeating units from a non-fluorinated monomer M1” selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, the monomers of formula CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2-OC(O)-

[0103] CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2-OC(O)-

[0104] CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-C6H4CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H); and mixtures thereof. When said fluorinated polymer comprises repeating units derived from monomer M1”, these are present in a mass content of less than 5%, preferably less than 3% based on the total weight of said fluorinated polymer. Preferably, the mass content of repeating units derived from monomer M1” may be between 0.01 and 5%, advantageously between 0.05 and 3%, preferably between 0.1 and 2%, in particular between 0.1 and 1% based on the total weight of said fluorinated polymer.

[0105] Said hydrophilic polymer may comprise monomeric units derived from a monomer M1b of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) or a mixture thereof

[0106] R 1 R 2 C=C(R 3 )((X 2 )pC(O)R 4 ) (I)

[0107] R 5 R 6 C=C(R 7 )(OC(O)R8 (II)

[0108] R 9 R 10 C=CR 11 C(O)OC(O)CR 12 =CR 13 R 14 (III) in which

[0109] R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C5 alkyl;

[0110] R 4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and -OR 25 with R 25 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of -OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO3 2 ; -C(O)OR 25 ', - OC(O)R 25 ', and a heterocycle with five or six links comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain;

[0111] R 25' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups;

[0112] X 2 is selected from the group consisting of -[-C(O)OC(R 26 (R 27 )C(R 28 (R 29 )-] w i- and a C1-C10 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally bearing one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s); with w1 being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 are independently of each other, independently for each unit w1, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl; p' is 0 or 1;

[0113] R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;

[0114] R 8is C1-C5 alkyl;

[0115] R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl groups, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3 groups. An ester group(s) as defined in this application has the following formula: -OC(O)R 30 with R 30 being C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups.

[0116] Said hydrophilic polymer may comprise residues of a monomer M1b of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V) or a mixture thereof in which

[0117] R 1 , R 2 and R 3are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C5 alkyl; R 4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and -OR 25 with R 25 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of -OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPOs 2 ' , -C(O)OR 25 ', -OC(O)R 25 ', and a heterocycle with five or six links comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain;

[0118] R 25 ' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups;

[0119] X 2 is selected from the group consisting of -[- C(O)OC(R 26 (R 27 )C(R 28 (R 29)-]wi- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally bearing one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s); with w1 being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5;

[0120] R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 are independently of each other, independently for each unit w1, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl; p' is 0 or 1;

[0121] R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;

[0122] R 8 is C1-C5 alkyl;

[0123] R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R24 are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl, preferentially selected from the group consisting of H and CH3.

[0124] In particular, said hydrophilic polymer comprises residues of a monomer M1b of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V) or a mixture thereof in which

[0125] R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C3 alkyl;

[0126] R 4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and -OR 25 with R 25 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of -OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPOs 2 ' , -C(O)OR 25 ', -OC(O)R 25', and a heterocycle with five or six links comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain;

[0127] R 25 ' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups;

[0128] X 2 is selected from the group consisting of -[- C(O)OC(R 26 (R 27 )C(R 28 (R 29 )-]wi- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally bearing one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s); with w1 being an integer from 1 to 5; R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 are independently of each other, independently for each unit w1, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl; p' is 0 or 1;

[0129] R 5 , R 6 and R 7are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;

[0130] R 8 is C1-C3 alkyl;

[0131] R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and CH3.

[0132] The monomer M1 b may be selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, diacetone acrylamide, lauryl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, methacrylate methyl, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate,hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, ureido methacrylate, ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate and mixtures thereof.

[0133] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer has a melt viscosity of 700 Pa.s' 1 according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 230°C, shear rate of 100 s -1 ).

[0134] Alkaline metal salt

[0135] Said at least one alkali metal salt may be chosen from the group consisting of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt or a mixture thereof; preferentially among the group consisting of LiCFsSOs, LiPFe, LiCIC, LiBF4, LiB(C2O4)2, LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF2CF3), LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2CF2CF3), LiAsF6, LiBF2C2O4, LiNO3, LiPF3(CF2CF3)3, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiTDI, NaCF3SO3, NaPF6, NaCIO4, NaBF4, NaB(C2O4)2, NaN(SO2F)2, NaN(SO2CF3)2, NaN(SO2C2F3)2, NaN(SO2CF2CF3)2, NaN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), NaN(SO2F)(SO2CF2CF3), NaN(SO2CF3)(SO2CF2CF3), NaAsF6, NaBF2C2O4, NaNO3, NaPF3(CF2CF3)3, NaTDI, KCF3SO3, KPF6, KCIO4, KBF 4I KB(C2O4)2, KN(SO2F)2, KN(SO2CF3)2, KN(SO2C2F3)2, KN(SO2CF2CF3)2, KN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), KN(SO2F)(SO2CF2CF3),

[0136] KN(SO2CF3)(SO2CF2CF3), KASF6, KBF2C2O 4I KNO 3IKPF3(CF2CF3)3 and KTDI or a mixture thereof; most preferably from the group consisting of LiCF3SO3, LiPFe, LiCIC, LiBF4, LiB(C2O4)2, LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF2CF3),

[0137] LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2CF2CF3), LiAsF6, LiBF2C2O4, LiNO3, LiPF3(CF2CF3)3, LiTDI or a mixture of these.

[0138] Ionic liquid

[0139] This at least one ionic liquid is a liquid salt, meaning it has a melting point below 100°C at atmospheric pressure. It is formed by the association of an organic cation and an anion whose ionic interactions are sufficiently weak to prevent the formation of a solid. The cation of the ionic liquid can be chosen from the group consisting of ammonium, sulfonium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, imidazolinium, phosphonium, guanidinium, piperidinium, thiazolium, triazolium, oxazolium, pyrazolium cations, or mixtures thereof. The cation may include an alkyl group (Ci-C3O), such as 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium, or N-methyl-N-butylpiperidinium.

[0140] The anions that are associated with the cations may be chosen from the group consisting of imides, including bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; borates; phosphates; phosphinates and phosphonates, including alkyl-phosphonates; amides, including dicyanamide; aluminates, including tetrachloroaluminate; halides (such as bromide, chloride, iodide anions); cyanates; acetates (CH3COO'), including trifluoroacetate; sulfonates, including methanesulfonate (CH3SO3'), trifluoromethanesulfonate; and sulfates, including hydrogen sulfate; an acrylate or a methacrylate.In particular, the anions of the ionic liquid may be selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), bis(oxalato)borate (BOB-), hexafluorophosphate (PF6-), hexafluoroarsenate (AsF6-), triflate or trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3-), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-), bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), nitrate (NO3-), 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (TDI-), an acrylate or a methacrylate, or mixtures thereof. The anion of the ionic liquid may be selected from the group consisting of TDI-, FSI-, TFSI-, PF6-, BF4-, NO3-, BOB-, CH2=CHCOO-; preferably, the anion is FSI-.

[0141] In one embodiment, the materials are selected as follows:

[0142] - said thermoplastic polymer is selected from a fluorinated polymer comprising residues from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) monomer, a fluorinated polymer comprising repeating units from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) monomer and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) monomer, a hydrophilic polymer comprising residues from monomers selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate;

[0143] - said ionic liquid comprises a cation which is selected from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolydinium, N-methyl-N-butylpiperidinium and mixtures thereof;

[0144] - said ionic liquid comprises an anion which is selected from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-), bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), hexafluorophosphate (PF6-), 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (TDI-) and mixtures thereof;

[0145] - Said alkali metal salt is chosen from LiFSI, LiTDI, LiPFe, LiFSI, LiTFSI and mixtures thereof.

[0146] Electrically conductive charge

[0147] In one embodiment, said at least one electrically conductive charge is an electrically conductive carbon charge.

[0148] Electrically conductive carbon filler includes materials that can enhance conductivity. Electrically conductive carbon filler can be chosen from the group consisting of carbon black (e.g. acetylene black, Ketjen black), graphene, carbon fibers (e.g. carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, vapor-phase growth carbon fiber), metal powder (e.g. SUS powder or aluminum powder), and mixtures thereof.

[0149] In one embodiment, the electrically conductive carbon charge has a size (D50) of 1 pm or less, preferably 500 nm or less.

[0150] Anode active material

[0151] Said at least one anode active material may be selected from a first group A1 consisting of the following materials: Li4TisO2; Li4Tis-xM x Oi2 with M = V, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta and 0 < x < 0.25; niobium oxides and mixed niobium oxides with titanium, germanium, cerium or tungsten (and preferably chosen from the constituent group in Nb2Os±A, Nbi2WO33±A, Nbi4W3O44±A, NbisWi6O93±A, NbWsOssi A with 0 < A < 2, LiNbOs); TiNb2U7±A; Li w TiNb2O? with w > 0 ; Tii- x M 1 xNb2-yM 2 yO7± A or Li w Tii-xM 1 xNb2-yM 2 yO7± A in which M 1 and M 2are each at least one element chosen from the group consisting of Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs and Sn, M 1 and M 2 which may be identical or different from each other, and in which 0 < w < 5 and 0 < x < 1 and 0 < y < 2 and 0 < A < 0.3; The x Tii-2xNb2+xO7 where 0 < x < 0.5; M x Tii-2 X Nb2+ x O7±5 in which M is an element with an oxidation state of +III, more particularly M is at least one of the elements chosen from the group constituting Fe, Ga, Mo, Al, B, and where 0 <x<0.20 et -0.3< 5 ^0.3 ; Gao.10Tio.80Nb2.10O7 ; Feo.10Tio.80Nb2.10O7 ; M x Ti2- 2xNb +xO29±5 where M is an element with an oxidation state of +III, more particularly M is at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of Fe, Ga, Mo, Al, B, and where 0 < x < 0.40 and -0.3 < 5 < 0.3; Ti2-xM 1 x Nb2-yM 2 yO7-zM 3z or LiwTii-xM 1 x Nb2-yM 2 yO7-zM 3 z in which M 1 and M 2 are each at least one element chosen from the group constituting Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs and Sn, M 1 and M 2 which may be identical or different from each other, M 3 being at least one halogen, and in which 0 < w < 5 and 0 < x < 1 and 0 < y < 2 and z < 0.3; TiNb2O7-zM 3 z or Li w TiNb2O7-zM 3 z in which M 3 is at least one halogen (preferably chosen from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I or a mixture thereof) and 0 < z < 0.3 and 0 < w < 0.5; Tii- x Ge x Nb2-yM 1 yO7±z ; Li w Tii-xGe x Nb2-yM 1 yO7±z ; Tii- x This x Nb2-yM 1 yO7±z ;Li w Tii-xCe x Nb2-yM 1yO7±z in which M 1 is at least one element chosen from the constituent group in Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs and Sn, 0 < w < 5 and 0 < x < 1 and 0 < y < 2 and z < 0.3; Tii-xGe x Nb2-yM 1 yO7-zM 2 z, Li w Tii- x Ge x Nb2-yM 1 y O7- z M 2 z, Tii- x This x Nb2-yM 1 yO7-z M 2 Z and / or Li w Tii-xCe x Nb2-yM 1 yO7-zM 2 z in which M 1 and M 2 are each at least one element chosen from the group constituting Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs, Ce and Sn, M 1 and M 2 which may be identical or different from each other, and in which 0 < w < 5 and 0 < x < 1 and 0 < y < 2 and z < 0.3; TiÛ2; TiO x N ywith x < 2 and 0 < y < 0.2; LiSiTON, tin- and silicon-based oxynitrides, and more particularly the formulation SiSno,870i,2oNi,72 and their lithia forms; MO-type nitrides and oxynitrides x N y where M is at least one element chosen from the group consisting of Ge, Si, Sn, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe or a mixture thereof, and where x > 0 and y > 0.3; Lis-xM x N, where M is at least one element chosen from Cu, Ni, Co, or a mixture thereof, and 0 < x < 1; Lis- xM x N with M being cobalt (Co) and 0 < x < 0.5; Lis-xM x N with M being nickel (Ni) and 0 < x < 0.6; Lis-xMxN with M being copper (Cu) and 0 < x < 0.3; lithium iron phosphate (typically LiFePO4); mixed silicon and tin oxynitrides, typically Si a SnboyN z with a > 0, b > 0, a+b < 2, 0 < y < 4, 0 < z < 3, also called SiTON, and in particular SiSno,870i,2Ni,72; the oxynitride-carbides of typical formula Sia SnbCcOyN z with a > 0, b > 0, a + b < 2, 0 < c < 10, 0 < y < 24, 0 < z < 17; Si-type nitrides x N y , in particular with x = 3 and y = 4; Sn x N y , in particular with x = 3 and y = 4, Zn x N y , in particular with x = 3 and y = 2; Lis-xM x N with 0 < x < 0.5 for M = Co, 0 < x < 0.6 for M = Ni, 0 < x < 0.3 for M = Cu; Si3-xM x N4 with M = Co or Fe and 0 < x < 3; SnÛ2; son; Li2SnOs; SnSiOs; Li x SiO y with x > 0 and 2 > y > 0; Li4TisO2; TiNb2O7; CO3O4; SnBo6Po4O2; Ti2O2; mixed oxides of titanium, niobium, and lanthanum with the formula LiwTii-xLa x Nb2-yM 1 yO7-zM 2z where 0.03 < x < 0.08, M1 and M2 are at least one element chosen from the constituent group in V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs and Sn, 0 < w < 5, 0 < y < 2 and 0 < z < 0.3; Si, Sn, SiO2, SnO2, SiN, SnN; TiNb2O7 composite oxides comprising between 0% and 10% mass of carbon (preferably the carbon being chosen from graphene and carbon nanotubes); and mixtures thereof.

[0152] The anode active material can be chosen from a first group A2 consisting of the following materials: alloys based on Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi or P and mixtures thereof; MXenes constituting a class of 2D materials with M-type stoichiometry n +iX n T xwith M being a transition metal (preferably chosen from the group constituting Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W), X being chosen from C and / or N and T being a surface termination chosen from the group consisting of F, Cl, I, Br, O, S, Se, Te, OH, NH2, 1 < n < 4; oxides of the type G2Ti3Û7, G4TisOi2, GTi2(PO4)3, G being Na or K; oxides, sulfides, selenides, phosphide of the elements Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi or alloys thereof; and mixtures thereof.

[0153] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a lithium ion electrochemical cell, the anode active material is chosen from the first group A1.

[0154] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a sodium ion electrochemical cell, the anode active material is chosen from the first group A2.

[0155] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a potassium ion electrochemical cell, the anode active material is chosen from the first group A2.

[0156] Cathode active material

[0157] Said at least one active cathode material is chosen from a first group C1 consisting of the following materials: LiMn2Û4; Lii +x Mn2- x O4 with O < x < 0.15; LiCoO2; LiNiU2; LiMni,5Nio,sO4; LiMni,5Nio,5- x X x 04 where X is chosen from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Cr, Co, Rh, Nd, other rare earths (e.g. Sc, Y, Lu, La, Ce, Pr, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) and where 0 < x < 0.1; LiMn2- XM X O4 with M = Er, Dy, Gd, Tb, Yb, Al, Y, Ni, Co, Ti, Sn, As, Mg or a mixture of these compounds and where 0 < x < 0.4; LiFe2; LiMni / 3Ni / 3Coi / 3O2; LiNi.8CoO.15AlO.05O2; LiAl x Mn2- x O4 with 0 < x < 0.15; LiNii / x Coi / y Mni / z O2 with x+y+z =10; Li x M y O2 where 0.6 < y < 0.85, 0 < x+y < 2, and M is chosen from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Sn, and Sb or a mixture of these elements; Li1.20Nb0.20Mn0.60O2; Li2 +x NbyMe z ApO2 where Me is at least one transition metal chosen from the group consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg and where 0.6 < x < 1, 0 < y < 0.5, 0.25 < z < 1, with A + Me and A + Nb, and 0 < p < 0.2; Li x Nby-aNaMz-bPbO2-cF c where 1.2 < x < 1.75, 0 < y < 0.55, 0.1 < z < 1, 0 < a < 0.5, 0 < b < 1, 0 < c < 0.8, and where M, N, and P are each at least one of the elements chosen from the group constituting Ti, Ta, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Zr, Y, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ce and Sb; Li1.25Nb0.25Mn0.50O2; Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.40O2; Li1.3Nb0.3Fe0.40O2; Li1.3Nb0.43Nn0.27O2; Li1.3Nb0.43Coo.27O2;

[0158] Li1.4Nbo.2Mno.53O2; LixNio.2Mno.6Oy where 0 < x < 1.52, and 1.07 y < 2.4; Li1.2Nio.2Mno.6O2; LiNixCo y Mni-x-yO2 where 0 < x and y < 0.5; LiNi x This z CoyMni-x-yO2 where 0 < x and y < 0.5 and 0 < z; LiFePO4; LiMnPO4; LiCoPO4; LiNiPO4; LisV2(PO4)3; Li2MPU4F with M = Fe, Co, Ni or a mixture of these different elements; LiMPU4F with M = V, Fe, T or a mixture of these different elements; LiMM'PO4, with M and M' (M + M') selected 0 < x < 1; and their mixtures.

[0159] The active cathode material is chosen from a second group C2 consisting of the following materials: Na x MO2+z with M chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); Na x M u / 2M' v / 2O2+z with u + v = 2 and M, M' chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); Na x M u / 3M'v / 3M”w / 3O2+z with u + v + w = ​​3 and M, M', M” chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); Na x Mn y Neither z Feo.iMgo.i02 with 0.67 < x < 1, 0.5 < y < 0.7 and 0.1 < z < 0.3; Prussian blue and / or Prussian blue analogs known by the acronym PBA; Na x M 1 [M 2 '(CN)6] y .nH2O, M 1 being a transition metal or an alloy of transition metals, M 2 ' being a transition metal, the transition metal and the transition metal alloy being chosen from Fe, Ni, Co and Mn, with 0 < x < 2, y < 1 and 0 < n < 12; Nax M2(XO4)3 has M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W, such as Na x M3(XO4)2(X2O7) with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and Si, Mo or W; Na x M(X2O7) with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or S, As, Si, Mo or W; Na x M2(XO4)2F3 with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; Na x M2(XO4)2F3- y O y with 0 < x < 4, M = V Co, Ni or Sc and 0.07 < y < 0.12 and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; Na x M2O2 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; NaMXCU with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; and their mixtures.

[0160] The active cathode material is chosen from a third group C3 consisting of the following materials: KxMCh+z with M chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); K x M u / 2M' v / 2O2+z with u + v = 2 and M, M' chosen from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); K X MU / 3M'V / 3M”W / 3O2+Z with u + v + w = ​​3 and M, M', M” chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); KxMnyNizFeo.1Mgo.1O2 with 0.67 < x < 1, 0; 0.5 < y < 0.7 and 0.1 < z < 0.3; K x M 1 [M 2 '(CN)6] y.nH2O, A being an alkali metal, M1 being a transition metal or a transition metal alloy, M2' being a transition metal, the transition metal and the transition metal alloy being chosen from Fe, Ni, Co and Mn, with 0 < x < 2, y < 1 and 0 < n < 12; K x M2(XO4)s with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W, such that NasV2(PO4)3 ; K X M3(XO4)2(X2O?) with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; K x M(X2O?) with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; K x M2(XO4)2F3with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; K x M2(XO4)2F3- y O y with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and 0.07 < y < 0.12 and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; K xM2O2(XO4)2F with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; KMXO4 with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; and mixtures of these.

[0161] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a lithium ion electrochemical cell, the active cathode material is chosen from the first group C1.

[0162] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a sodium ion electrochemical cell, the active cathode material is chosen from the first group C2.

[0163] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a potassium ion electrochemical cell, the active cathode material is chosen from the first group C3.

[0164] Electrically insulating charge

[0165] Said at least one electrically insulating charge is chosen from the group consisting of the following materials:

[0166] Al2O3; SiO2; ZrU2; - garnets with the formula LidA 1 x HAS 2 y (TO4)z where A 1 represents a cation with oxidation state +II (e.g., Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, Y, Gd), where A 2represents a cation of oxidation state +III (e.g., Al, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ti, La), where (TO4) represents an anion in which T is an atom of oxidation state +IV, located at the center of a tetrahedron formed by the oxygen atoms, and in which TO4 advantageously represents the silicate or zirconate anion, knowing that all or part of the elements T of oxidation state +IV can be replaced by atoms of oxidation state +III or +V (e.g., Al, Fe, As, V, Nb, In, Ta), where d is between 2 and 10 (preferably between 3 and 9, most preferably between 4 and 8), where x is between 2.6 and 3.4 (preferably between 2.8 and 3.2), where y is between 1.7 and 2.3 (preferably between 1.9 and 2.1), and where z is between 2.9 and 3.1;

[0167] - garnets selected from the group consisting of Li₂La₃Zr₂O₁₂, Li₂La₂Ba₂Ta₂O₁₂, Li₅,₅La₃Nb₁₂,₅I₂O₁₂, Li₃Las / h₂O₁₂ with M = Nb or Ta or a mixture of the two compounds; Li₇- x Bax La3-xM20i2 with 0 < x < 1 and M = Nb or Ta or a mixture of the two compounds; Li7- x La3Zr2- x M x Oi2 with 0 < x < 2 and M = Al, Ga or Ta or a mixture of two or three of these compounds;

[0168] - lithiased phosphates, in particular NaSICON type lithiased phosphates;

[0169] LisPO4; LiPOs; Li3Alo,4Sci,e(P04)3 called “LASP”; Lii,2Zri,gCao,i(P04)3; LiZr2(PÛ4)3; Lii + 3xZr2(Pi- x If x O4)3 with 1.8 < x < 2.3; Lii +e x Zr2(Pi-

[0170] X B X O4)3 with 0 < x < 0.25; the Li3(Sc2- x M x (PO4)3 with M = Al or Y and 0 < x < 1; Lii +x M x (Sc)2- x (PO4)3 with M = Al, Y, Ga or a mixture of the three compounds and 0 < x < 0.8; Lii +x M x (Gai-ySc y )2- x (PO4)3 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1 and M = Al or Y or a mixture of the two compounds; Lii +x Mx (Ga)2- X(PO4)3 with M = Al, Y or a mixture of the two compounds and 0 < x < 0.8; Lii +x Al x Ti2- x (PO4)3 with 0 < x < 1, called "LATP" (preferably with x = 0.4, very preferably with x = 0.3); Lii +x Al x Ge2- x (PO4)3 with 0 < x < 1 called "LAGP"; Lii +x+z M x (Gei- y Ti y )2- x SizP3-zOi2 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1.0 and 0 < z < 0.6 and M = Al, Ga or Y or a mixture of two or three of these compounds; Li3+ y (Sc2- x M x )Q y P3- y Oi2 with M = Al and / or Y and Q = Si and / or Se, 0 < x < 0.8 and 0 < y < 1; Lii +x+y M x Sc2- x Q y P3- y Oi2 with M = Al, Y, Ga or a mixture of the three compounds and Q = Si and / or Se, 0 < x < 0.8 and 0 < y < 1; Lii +x+y+z M x (Cheerful- y Sc y )2- xQzP3-zOi2 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 0.6 with M = Al or Y or a mixture of the two compounds and Q = Si and / or Se; Lii +x Zr2- x B x (PO4)3 with 0 < x < 0.25; Lii + 2 X Zr2- x That x (PO4)3 with 0 < x < 0.25 (preferably with x = 0.2); Lii +x M 3 x M2- x P30i2 with 0 < x < 1 and M 3 = Cr, V, Ca, B, Mg, Bi and / or Mo, M = Sc, Sn, Zr, Hf, Se or Si, or a mixture of these compounds;

[0171] - lithia-based borates, notably Li3(Sc2- x M x (BO3)3 with M = Al or Y and 0 < x < 1; Lii +x M x (Sc)2- x (BO3)3 with M = Al, Y, Ga or a mixture of the three compounds and 0 < x < 0.8; Lii +x M x (Gai-ySc y )2- x (BO3)3 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1 and M = Al or Y; Lii +x M x (Ga)2- x(BO3)3 with M = Al, Y or a mixture of the two compounds, and 0 < x < 0.8; LisBOs; LisBO3-Li2SO4; LisBOs-Li2SiO4; Li3BO3-Li2SiO4-Li2SO4;

[0172] - oxynitrides, notably Li3PO4- x N2 X / 3 ; Li4SiO4- x N2 X / 3 ; Li4GeO4- x N2 X / 3 with 0 < x < 4; Li3BO3- x N 2x / 3 with 0 < x < 3;

[0173] - lithium compounds based on lithium oxynitride and phosphorus, called

[0174] “UPON”, notably Li x POyN z with x ~ 2.8 and 2y+3z ~ 7.8 and 0.16 < z < 0.4 (for example Li2,gPO3,3No,46); Li w PO x NyS z with 2x + 3y + 2z = 5 = w; Li w PO x N y S z with 3.2 < x < 3.8, 0.13 < y < 0.4, 0 < z < 0.2, 2.9 < w < 3.3; LitP x AlyOuN v Sw with 5x + 3y = 5,

[0175] 2u + 3v + 2w = 5+t, 2.9 < t < 3.3, 0.84 < x < 0.94, 0.094 < y < 0.26,

[0176] 3.2 < u < 3.8, 0.13 < v < 0.46, 0 < w < 0.2;

[0177] - materials based on lithium phosphorus or boron oxynitrides, respectively called "LiPON" and "LIBON", which may also contain silicon, sulfur, zirconium, aluminium, or a combination of aluminium, boron, sulfur and / or silicon, and boron for materials based on lithium phosphorus oxynitrides;

[0178] - lithium compounds based on lithium oxynitride, phosphorus and silicon called "LiSiPON" (for example Li1.9Si0.28P1.0O1.1 N1 0); lithium oxynitrides of the types LiBON, LiBSO, LiSiPON, LiSON, thio-LiSiCON, LiPONB (where B, P and S represent boron, phosphorus and sulfur respectively);

[0179] - lithium oxynitrides of the LiBSO type, in particular (1 -x)LiBO2 - xLi2SÛ4 with 0.4 < x < 0.8;

[0180] - lithia oxides, notably Li?La3Zr20i2 or Li5+ x La3(Zr xA2- x )Oi2 with A = Sc, Y, Al, Ga and 1,4 < x < 2; Lio.ssLao.ssTiOs or the Li3 X La2 / 3- x TiO3 with 0 < x < 0, 16 (LLTO);

[0181] - silicates, including Li2Si20s, Li2SiOs, Li2Si20e, LiAISiO4, Li4SiÛ4, LiAISi20e;

[0182] - solid antiperovskite-type electrolytes, in particular LisOA with A a halide or a mixture of halides (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof); Li(3-X)M X / 20A with 0 < x < 3, M a divalent metal (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr or mixtures thereof), A a halide or a mixture of halides (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof); Li(3-x)M 3 x / 3OA with 0 < x < 3, M 3a trivalent metal, A a halide or a mixture of halides (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof); LiCOXzY(iz), with X and Y halides as mentioned above in relation to A, and 0 < z < 1;

[0183] Lao.si Lio.34Ti2.94 ; Li3.4Vo.4Geo.6O4; Li2O-Nb2Os; LiAIGaSPO4;

[0184] - formulations based on Li2COs, B2O3, Li2Û, AI(PO3)3LiF, P2S3, Li2S, LisN, Lii4Zn(GeO4)4, Lis, eGeo, eVo.404, LiTi2(PO4)3, Lis,25Geo,25Po.25S4, Lii, sAlo,3Tii ,7(PO4)3, Lii +x Al x M2-x(PO4)3 (where M = Ge, Ti, and / or Hf, and where 0 < x < 1 ), Lii +x+y Al x Ti2- x SiyP3-yOi2 (where 0 <x<1 et 0<y<1 ) ;

[0185] - and their mixtures.

[0186] In one embodiment, the electrically insulating charge has a size (D50) of 1 pm or less, preferably 500 nm or less.

[0187] Use

[0188] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the mother unit, as defined above, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell.

[0189] Preparation process

[0190] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrochemical cell as defined above, in that the structure of the electronic cell is prepared from a parent unit as defined above by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplier element. Coextrusion devices comprising at least one multiplier element, and the corresponding methods, are disclosed, for example, in the article by M. Ponting et al. entitled "Polymer Nanostructures by Forced Assembly: Process, Structure, and Properties," Macromol. Symp., 2010, 294-I, 19-32; and in the article by C. Sollogoub entitled "Multi-nanolayer coextrusion process - Principle and potentialities," Techniques de l'ingénieur, ref.: AM3662 V1.

[0191] The device may include from 1 to 12 multiplier elements; preferably from 1 to 8 multiplier elements. For example, the device may include 1 multiplier element, alternatively 2 multiplier elements, alternatively 3 multiplier elements, alternatively 4 multiplier elements, alternatively 5 multiplier elements, alternatively 6 multiplier elements, alternatively 7 multiplier elements, alternatively 8 multiplier elements, alternatively 9 multiplier elements, alternatively 10 multiplier elements, alternatively 11 multiplier elements, alternatively 12 multiplier elements.

[0192] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of preparing the mother unit, as defined above, from at least the thermoplastic electronic conductor composition (a), the anode composition (b), the electrolyte composition (c), and at least the cathode composition (d). This step can be carried out by a conventional coextrusion step, i.e., one carried out with a coextrusion device that does not include a multiplier element. The mother unit is generally prepared immediately before the coextrusion step carried out with a coextrusion device that includes at least one multiplier element. It therefore forms a transient intermediate product.

[0193] In one embodiment, the mother unit preparation step is carried out in the absence of solvent.

[0194] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one thermoplastic electronic conductive collector composition (a), preferably in the form of granules.

[0195] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one anode composition (b), preferably in the form of granules.

[0196] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one electrolyte composition (c), preferably in the form of granules.

[0197] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one cathode composition (d), preferably in the form of granules.

[0198] Each category of granules can be prepared by a conventional extrusion step.

[0199] In one embodiment, the process includes a finishing step of the electrochemical cell by applying sacrificial layers (E) to its periphery. This finishing step corresponds to a conventional coextrusion step, i.e., implemented with a coextrusion device not including a multiplying element.

[0200] The steps of preparing the mother unit, preparing the electrochemical cell and finishing the electrochemical cell can be implemented successively and continuously.

[0201] Examples

[0202] The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it. Example 1: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0203] In a Werner 40 twin-screw extruder, 50% by mass of a homopolymer PVDF with a viscosity of 700 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 230°C at a screw speed of 200 rpm at a throughput of 30 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 60°C under vacuum before being bagged.

[0204] Example 2: According to the invention: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0205] In a BUSS Comalaxeur 11 D type extruder, 50% by mass of a homopolymer PVDF with a viscosity of 700 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 type carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 210°C with a screw speed of 100 rpm for the extruder and 50 rpm for the return screw at a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 3 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 60°C under vacuum before being bagged.

[0206] Example 3: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0207] In a Werner 40 twin-screw extruder, 50% by mass of homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 300 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 230°C at a screw speed of 200 rpm at a throughput of 30 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 80°C under vacuum before being bagged.

[0208] Example 4: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0209] In a BUSS Comalaxeur type BUSS 11 D extruder, 50% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 300 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 type carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 210°C with a screw speed of 100 rpm for the extruder and 50 rpm for the return screw at a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 3 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 80°C under vacuum before being bagged. Example 5: Preparation of an Electrolyte Composition

[0210] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 35% by mass of a PVDF copolymer with a viscosity of 2,300 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 35% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 25% of an LPO type filler, and 5% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm and a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0211] Example 6: Preparation of an Electrolyte Composition

[0212] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 35% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 1000 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 35% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 25% of an LPO type filler, and 5% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm at a throughput of 18 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0213] Example 7: Preparation of a catholyte composition

[0214] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a PVDF copolymer with a viscosity of 2,300 Pa·s at 230°C for 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LMO type filler, and 0.8% by mass of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm and a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0215] Example 8: Preparing a Catholyte Composition

[0216] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 1000 Pa·s at 230°C for 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LMO type filler, and 0.8% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm and a throughput of 16 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0217] Example 9: Preparation of an anolyte composition

[0218] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a PVDF copolymer with a viscosity of 2,300 Pa·s at 230°C for 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LTO type filler, and 0.8% by mass of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm and a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0219] Example 10: According to the invention: Preparation of an anolyte composition

[0220] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 1000 Pa·s at 230°C for 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LTO type filler, and 0.8% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm and a throughput of 16 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0221] Example 11: Manufacturing the master unit and the final multilayer

[0222] The thermoplastic electronic conductor granules, catholyte, electrolyte, and anolyte are introduced respectively into four single-screw extruders connected by a manifold-type co-extrusion box allowing the layers of the different components to be superimposed in the following order: thermoplastic electrical conductor (A), catholyte (B), electrolyte (C) and anolyte (D).

[0223] The mass flow rates of the different extruders are respectively 278 g / hour for extruder 1 of composition (a), 2,436 gr / h for extruder 2 of composition (b), 549 gr / h for extruder 3 of composition (c) and 1,735 gr / h for extruder 4 of composition (d).

[0224] The temperature on the last two zones of extruder 1 is 230°C, the temperature on the last two zones of extruders 2, 3 and 4 is 150°C.

[0225] The mother unit produced passes through a block with a square cross-section of 10 mm x 10 mm at a flow rate of 5 kg / h, corresponding to a measured line speed of 18 m / h. This block, in which the multiplying elements are arranged, is heated to an intermediate temperature of 180°C.

[0226] Within the block are arranged two multiplying elements, allowing for the creation of four daughter units containing homothetically the four layers (a), (b), (c), and (d) of the parent unit, and exhibiting, after multiplication, an individual thickness four times less. Layers (A) have a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm, layers (B) have a thickness of approximately 1 mm, layers (C) have a thickness of approximately 0.4 mm, and layers (D) have a thickness of approximately 0.8 mm.

[0227] At the multiplier output, the 4 daughter units enter a flat die maintained at a temperature of 185°C and undergo a stretching ratio combining die passage and air stretching of 100. In the final film the thicknesses of layers (A) are 2 pm, the thicknesses of layers (B) are 10 pm, the thicknesses of layers (C) are 4 pm and the thicknesses of layers (D) are 8 pm.

[0228] The layers exiting the die are cooled by contact with dry air at Dew point -40°C and on a thermostatically controlled cooling roller at 15°C.

Claims

Demands 1. Electrochemical cell comprising a structure comprising at least 2 units, wherein each unit comprises at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A), at least one anode layer (B), at least one electrolyte layer (C) and at least one cathode layer (D).

2. Electrochemical cell, according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A), the anode layers (B), the electrolyte layers (C) and the layers (D) have a thickness of 30 pm or less, respectively; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less.

3. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the anode layers (B) and the cathode layers (D) are not adjacent within each unit and within the structure grouping them.

4. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the layers of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A) are adjacent to an anode layer (B), on the one hand, and to a cathode layer (D), on the other hand.

5. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that: - the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one electrically conductive charge; - the anode layer (B) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one anode active material; - the electrolyte layer (C) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, optionally at least one alkali metal salt and optionally at least one electrically insulating charge; and - the cathode layer (D) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one cathode active material.

6. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that: - the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 40 to 90% of at least one electrically conductive charge by weight per total weight of the layer; - the anode layer (B) comprises from 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and from 40 to 95% of at least one anode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer; - the electrolyte layer (C) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of at least one ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of at least one alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of at least one electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer; and / or - the cathode layer (D) comprises 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of at least one active cathode material, by weight by total weight of the layer.

7. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the structure is prepared by a co-extrusion step implemented with a co-extrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.

8. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the structure is prepared from a mother unit comprising at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

9. Mother unit, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the mother unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

10. Mother unit, according to claim 9, in that: - the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one electrically conductive charge; - the anode layer (B) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one anode active material; - the electrolyte layer (C) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, optionally at least one alkali metal salt, and optionally at least one electrically insulating charge; and - the cathode layer (D) comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one ionic liquid, at least one alkali metal salt, optionally at least one electrically conductive charge and at least one cathode active material.

11. Parent unit, according to claim 9 or 10, in that: - the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layer (a) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, and 40 to 90% of at least one electrically conductive charge; - the anode layer (b) comprises from 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and from 40 to 95% of at least one anode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer; - the electrolyte layer (c) comprises 10 to 60% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of at least one ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of at least one alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of at least one electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer; and / or - the cathode layer (d) comprises 1 to 30% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of at least one ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of at least one alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of at least one electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of at least one cathode active material, by weight by total weight of the layer.

12. Mother unit, according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (a), the anode layers (b), the electrolyte layers (c) and the layers (d) have a thickness of less than 10 mm respectively; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 10 mm.

13. Mother unit, according to any one of claims 9 to 12, in that the anode layers (b) and the cathode layers (d) are not adjacent within the mother unit.

14. Use of the mother unit, according to any one of claims 9 to 13, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell.

15. Method for preparing an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the structure of the electronic cell is prepared from a mother unit according to any one of claims 9 to 13 by a co-extrusion step implemented with a co-extrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.

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