Washer and workpiece assembly

Abstract

The invention relates to a washer (10) for use with an elongate hole (52) formed in a workpiece (51), the washer comprising: an upper face (11) for making contact, at least in portions, with a fastening means (53); a lower face (12) situated opposite the upper face (11); and an opening (13), which extends through the washer (10), for guiding at least some portions of the fastening means (53) through the washer (10), wherein a securing projection (14) is formed on the underside (12) and is elevated in relation to the underside (10), the securing projection (14) being designed to engage, at least in portions, interlockingly into the elongate hole (52), and wherein at least one tooth contour (15) is formed on the underside (12), is elevated in relation to the underside (10) and extends along a longitudinal axis (L1) over at least some portions of the underside (12), wherein the tooth contour (15) can, at least in portions, be placed in contact with the workpiece (51) when the securing projection (14) engages interlockingly into the elongate hole (52).

Description

[0001] washer and workpiece assembly

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a washer with the features of independent claim 1, a washer with the features of independent claim 21, a workpiece assembly with the features of independent claim 23, and a method with the features of independent claim 27.

[0004] Slotted joints are used to create a workpiece assembly using workpieces with tolerances. In such a workpiece assembly, at least one workpiece has a slotted hole, which compensates for dimensional tolerances when positioning the workpiece relative to another workpiece. A slotted joint is typically created using a screw that passes through the slotted hole and a washer placed between the workpiece and the screw head. The clamping action of the screw on the workpiece and washer creates a frictional connection between the washer and the workpiece.

[0005] With regard to slotted connections, it has proven disadvantageous that they exhibit a tendency to slip under the influence of shear loads, meaning that the shear loads cause an unwanted displacement of the workpieces in the assembly relative to each other. This is due to the frictional connection between the workpiece and the washer, which is only conditionally suitable for high load transmission. The resulting loss of position of the workpiece means that this type of fastening cannot be used as a load-bearing connection in various applications. It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages, at least partially.In particular, the object of the invention is to provide a washer that enables the transmission of higher shear loads in slotted connections and thus a more reliable positioning of workpieces within a workpiece assembly.

[0006] The foregoing problem is solved by a washer having the features of independent claim 1, by a washer having the features of independent claim 21, by a workpiece assembly having the features of independent claim 23, and by a method having the features of independent claim 27. Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the washers according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the workpiece assembly according to the invention and / or in connection with the method according to the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention always makes, or can make, reciprocal reference.

[0007] According to the invention, a washer for use with an elongated hole formed in a workpiece is provided, comprising a top surface for at least partial contact with a fastening element, a bottom surface opposite the top surface, and a recess penetrating the washer for the fastening element to pass through the washer, at least partially.

[0008] It is further provided that at least one locking projection raised above the underside is formed on the underside of the washer, wherein the locking projection is designed to engage, at least partially, in a form-fitting manner in the elongated hole. Furthermore, at least one tooth contour raised above the underside is formed on the underside, which extends along a longitudinal axis of the tooth contour, at least partially, on the underside, wherein the tooth contour can be brought into contact with the workpiece, at least partially, when the locking projection engages, in a form-fitting manner, in the elongated hole. In other words, a washer is provided which has a top and a bottom surface, wherein the top surface is designed to come into contact, at least partially, with a fastening element, in particular a screw, when the washer is used in a workpiece assembly.The underside of the washer faces the top side and, when used in a workpiece assembly, is oriented towards the workpiece. The washer also has a recess through which a fastener can be passed, at least partially. In particular, the recess is designed to allow the shank of a fastener, especially a screw, to pass through it.

[0009] At least one locking projection is formed on the underside of the washer, which is raised above the surface of the washer. The locking projection is designed to engage, at least partially, in the elongated hole. This allows the washer to be positioned, at least partially, relative to a workpiece. Furthermore, at least one toothed contour, raised above the surface of the washer and extending along a longitudinal axis, is formed on the underside of the washer. It is intended that the toothed contour can be brought into contact with the workpiece, at least partially, when the locking projection engages positively in the elongated hole. In particular, it is conceivable that the toothed contour is designed to penetrate, at least partially, into a material of the workpiece.

[0010] A washer according to the invention offers the advantage that, when the washer is clamped to the workpiece, particularly by a fastening element, the tooth contour penetrates at least partially into the workpiece material. This creates a positive fit between the washer and the workpiece in the area of ​​the tooth contour, which counteracts shear-induced displacement of the workpiece relative to the washer. If a washer according to the invention is used in a slotted connection within a workpiece assembly, higher shear loads can be transmitted compared to a purely frictional connection between the washer and the workpiece. This enables more reliable positioning of the workpieces relative to each other within the workpiece assembly. In this context, a shear load is defined as a load parallel or substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the slotted hole.A washer according to the invention has proven particularly advantageous in connection with slotted connections that are subject to strong and / or continuous vibrations. Loosening of a slotted connection, which is often caused by these vibrations, can be effectively prevented by using a washer according to the invention.

[0011] Within the scope of the invention, it can be advantageously provided that at least one locking projection is designed such that, via the positive locking between the locking projection and the elongated hole, the washer is guided along or substantially along a longitudinal axis of the elongated hole when displaced relative to the workpiece. The displacement can preferably relate to a displacement in a plane oriented parallel or substantially parallel to the underside or top side of the washer. This results in the advantage of reliable positioning of the washer along the longitudinal extent of the elongated hole. The term "substantially" within the scope of the present invention refers to manufacturing-related dimensional tolerances.

[0012] Additionally or alternatively, the invention may provide that at least one locking projection is designed such that the positive locking between the locking projection and the elongated hole secures or substantially secures the washer against rotation relative to the workpiece. The axis of rotation can preferably be oriented orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to the underside of the washer. This allows, in particular, an unchanging orientation of at least one tooth contour relative to the workpiece to be achieved. For example, this ensures that at least one tooth contour always extends orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the elongated hole.

[0013] It may be provided that several locking projections are formed on a washer. In particular, the features described with respect to one locking projection may also apply to other locking projections. It may be provided that at least two, in particular all, locking projections are identical or substantially identical. Additionally or alternatively, several tooth contours may be formed on a washer. In particular, the features described with respect to one tooth contour may also apply to other tooth contours. It may be provided that at least two, in particular all, tooth contours are identical or substantially identical. It may be provided within the scope of the invention that at least one tooth contour is interrupted, at least partially, by the recess in the washer.In other words, it is conceivable that at least one tooth contour is intersected by the recess, such that the course of the tooth contour along a longitudinal axis is interrupted in the area of ​​the recess. This results in two segments of a tooth contour that are aligned with respect to their longitudinal axis. Such a configuration of a tooth contour will nevertheless be described below as a single tooth contour and not as multiple tooth contours.

[0014] Within the scope of the invention, it can be advantageous for the locking projection to have two parallel or substantially parallel oriented contact surfaces for bearing, at least partially, against the side surfaces of the elongated hole. This results in particularly reliable guidance of the washer relative to the elongated hole. The contact surfaces can preferably be oriented parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated hole or its longitudinal sides when the locking projection engages positively in the elongated hole. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the contact surfaces are oriented orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of at least one tooth contour. Such an arrangement results accordingly in an orthogonal or substantially orthogonal orientation of the respective tooth contour to the longitudinal axis of the elongated hole when the locking projection engages positively in the elongated hole.With such an orientation, a particularly high shear load can be absorbed via the positive locking between the tooth contour and the workpiece in a workpiece assembly.

[0015] Within the scope of the invention, it is conceivable that at least two tooth contours raised above the underside are formed on the underside, extending along a longitudinal axis, at least partially, on the underside. It is preferable that the longitudinal axes of the tooth contours are oriented parallel or substantially parallel and exhibit a translational offset. The translational offset can preferably be a translational offset in a plane oriented parallel to the top or bottom of the washer. By using at least two tooth contours, improved contact of the washer with a workpiece can be achieved. In particular, a tendency of the washer to tilt can be eliminated compared to the use of only one tooth contour.

[0016] It can be provided that the longitudinal axis of at least one tooth contour is oriented orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to a longitudinal axis of the slot, provided the locking projection engages positively in the slot. With such an orientation of the tooth contour, a particularly high shear load can be absorbed via the positive locking between the tooth contour and the workpiece in a workpiece assembly.

[0017] It can be provided that at least two tooth contours have an identical or substantially identical distance to a center point, in particular the center of a surface, of the washer. In particular, it can be provided that the tooth contours have an offset in opposite directions from the center point, and the amount of the offset is identical or substantially identical for the tooth contours. The center point can preferably be a center point, in particular the center of a surface, of the top or bottom of the washer. This results in the advantage of a uniform load distribution.

[0018] Within the scope of the invention, it can be provided that the locking projection, particularly when measured from the underside of the washer, has a greater height than any of the tooth contours. This allows for reliable engagement of the locking projection in the elongated hole when the washer is simply placed on the workpiece. Preferably, the height of the locking projection and the height of a tooth contour are understood here as a height measured from the underside of the washer.

[0019] It is also conceivable that at least one tooth contour on the underside is positioned such that the length over which the tooth contour contacts the workpiece is maximized. This maximization can preferably be carried out for given dimensions of the washer's outer contour and / or given dimensions of the recess in the washer. Particularly with a round or oval outer diameter of the washer, the possible length along which a tooth contour contacts a workpiece is partly determined by the positioning of the tooth contour on the underside. This length is also influenced by the outer contour, especially the outer diameter of the washer, and the design of the recess in the washer.It has proven advantageous to position at least one tooth contour, particularly for a given diameter of the washer and a given diameter of the recess in the washer, in such a way that the length over which the tooth contour contacts the workpiece is maximized in order to achieve a particularly large load transfer via the positive locking between tooth contour and workpiece.

[0020] Within the scope of the invention, it is optionally possible for at least one tooth contour to comprise two tooth flanks that converge at an acute angle, and in particular are mirror-symmetrical. Such a design has proven particularly advantageous with regard to the penetration of a tooth contour into the workpiece during the production of a workpiece assembly. In this context, it is preferable that the tooth flanks have a flank angle between 50° and 70°, in particular between 55° and 65°, and most preferably 60° or substantially 60°. Such a flank angle has proven advantageous both with regard to the penetration of the tooth contour into the workpiece material and with regard to preventing shearing of the tooth contour.

[0021] With regard to the present invention, it is conceivable that at least one tooth contour has a tip radius of at most 0.4 mm, particularly at most 0.3 mm, and most preferably at most 0.2 mm. Due to manufacturing processes, a radius may form at the tip of a tooth contour, i.e., a shape in which the tooth flanks do not meet at an acute angle in the region of the tooth tip, and thus a perfect triangular shape of the tooth contour is not formed. Dimensioning the tip radius according to the above specifications has proven advantageous with regard to the penetration of the tooth tip into the workpiece material.

[0022] Furthermore, it is conceivable that at least one tooth contour, extending from the underside, has a height between 0.4 mm and 1 mm, particularly between 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm. A height of 0.5 mm is particularly preferred. This has proven advantageous with regard to creating a positive fit between the tooth contour and the workpiece. Within the scope of the invention, it can be advantageous that at least one end of at least one tooth contour intersects an outer contour of the washer. In other words, it can be provided that at least one tooth contour extends to the outer contour of the washer. This achieves the advantage of utilizing the maximum possible length of the tooth contour along the underside of the washer.

[0023] Within the scope of the invention, it is conceivable that the washer is formed from a single material and / or in one piece. In other words, it can be provided that the washer, with at least one locking projection and / or at least one tooth contour, is designed as a monolithic and / or material-seam component. This results in a particularly reliable and robust washer design, which reduces the probability of washer failure, especially in the area of ​​a tooth contour.

[0024] Within the scope of the invention, it may be provided that the washer is made of corrosion-resistant steel (CRES). This has proven advantageous with regard to the production of a durable workpiece assembly with such a washer. Preferably, the corrosion-resistant steel may be a chromium-nickel-copper (Cr-Ni-Cu) alloy steel, particularly preferably a steel of type 17-4 PH.

[0025] Within the scope of the invention, it may be provided that the washer has a circular outer contour. In this context, it is preferable that the washer has an outer diameter between 10 mm and 15 mm, in particular between 11 mm and 14 mm, preferably between 12 mm and 13 mm. An outer diameter of 12.7 mm or substantially 12.7 mm is particularly preferred. A circular design of the washer's outer contour has proven to be a particularly preferred embodiment. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable that the washer has a rectangular, in particular square, outer contour. Other polygonal shapes of the outer contour or an oval outer contour are also not excluded by the invention.

[0026] The recess in the washer may be circular. In particular, it is conceivable that the recess in the washer has a diameter between 3 mm and 7 mm, more specifically between 4 mm and 6 mm, and preferably between 5 mm and 5.5 mm. A diameter of 5.2 mm is particularly preferred. Additionally or alternatively, the recess may be located centrally in the washer. In other words, it is preferred that the center point of the recess and the center point of the top or bottom surface of the washer are congruent or substantially congruent.

[0027] Within the scope of the invention, it may be provided that the washer has a material thickness between 1 mm and 1.6 mm, in particular between 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm. A material thickness of 1.4 mm is particularly preferred. The material thickness refers to the dimension between the top and bottom surfaces of the washer in an area where no locking projection or tooth contour is formed.

[0028] The above problem is further solved by a washer for use with an elongated hole formed in a workpiece, comprising a top surface for at least partial contact with a fastener, a bottom surface opposite the top surface, and a recess penetrating the washer for at least partial passage of the fastener through the washer. Furthermore, according to the invention, at least one tooth contour raised above the bottom surface is formed on the underside, the tooth contour extending, at least partially, parallel or substantially parallel to an outer contour of the washer. Such a washer design also enables improved transmission of shear loads in an elongated hole connection.

[0029] The tooth contour can extend parallel or substantially parallel to the outer contour over its entire circumference.

[0030] In particular, it may be provided that the washer has a circular or substantially circular outer contour and that the tooth contour also extends in a circular or substantially circular shape on the underside of the washer.

[0031] Within the scope of the invention, it may be provided that at least one locking projection raised above the underside of the washer is formed on the underside, wherein the locking projection is designed to engage in the elongated hole in a form-fitting manner, at least partially.

[0032] It is possible for the washer to be manufactured according to a method according to the invention. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the washer is manufactured from a solid material by die forging or milling. A combination of die forging and milling is also conceivable in this case.

[0033] The above-mentioned problem is further solved by a workpiece assembly comprising at least one workpiece, a washer according to the invention, in particular a washer according to any one of claims 1 to 22, and a fastening means, wherein an elongated hole is formed in the workpiece and wherein the fastening means bears against the upper surface of the washer at least partially and extends through the recess of the washer and the elongated hole. The workpiece and the washer are clamped together by means of the fastening means such that at least one tooth contour formed on the underside of the washer is arranged at least partially in the material of the workpiece or has penetrated into the material of the workpiece. With regard to a workpiece assembly according to the invention, the same advantages arise as those already described with regard to a washer according to the invention.

[0034] The fastening means can preferably be a screw. The screw can comprise a screw head and a shank, wherein the screw head bears at least partially against the top of the washer and the shank extends through the recess and the elongated hole.

[0035] At least one fastener can interact with a counter-fastener, particularly one included in the composite system. A counter-fastener can, for example, be a nut. A counter-fastener can also be a threaded hole, particularly in a workpiece.

[0036] It can be advantageously provided that the washer is made of a first material and the workpiece, at least in sections, is made of a second material, the first material having a greater hardness than the second material. This facilitates the penetration of a tooth contour formed on the washer into the material of the workpiece. The hardness can be determined according to a known hardness scale or a known testing method, in particular Martens, Rockwell, Brinell, or Vickers.

[0037] Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable that at least one locking projection of the washer engages in the elongated hole in a form-fitting manner, at least partially.

[0038] Furthermore, with regard to the invention, it is conceivable that at least one tooth contour is arranged in the material of the workpiece to at least one-third, in particular at least half or at least two-thirds, of its height. In other words, it can be provided that the materials of the workpiece and the washer are designed such that, in particular for a given tightening torque of a fastening element, the penetration depth of at least one tooth contour in the material of the workpiece is at least one-third, in particular at least half or at least two-thirds, of the height of the tooth contour.

[0039] The above problem is also solved by a method for manufacturing at least one washer according to the invention, in particular a washer according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising the following steps:

[0040] - Extrusion of a profile comprising at least one tooth contour and a safety projection,

[0041] - Separating at least one disc from the profile, reworking the disc, in particular by milling or drilling.

[0042] The process enables the cost-effective and high-quality production of washers according to the invention in large quantities.

[0043] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.

[0044] Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a washer,

[0045] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a washer,

[0046] Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a washer,

[0047] Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a washer,

[0048] Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a tooth contour,

[0049] Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of a washer,

[0050] Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of a workpiece assembly,

[0051] Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a process and

[0052] Fig. 9 shows a schematic view of a profile.

[0053] Figures 1 to 3 show schematic representations of a washer 10 according to the invention in different views. Figure 1 shows an isometric view, Figure 2 a top view of the underside 12 of the washer 10, and Figure 3 a side view of the washer 10 in section, with the section plane S shown in Figure 2.

[0054] The washer 10 shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is a washer 10 for use with an elongated hole 52 formed in a workpiece 51.

[0055] The washer 10 comprises a top surface 11 for at least partial contact with a fastening element 53, a bottom surface 12 opposite the top surface 11, and a recess 13 penetrating the washer 10 for at least partial passage of the fastening element 53 through the washer 10. At least one retaining projection 14, raised above the bottom surface 12, is formed on the bottom surface 12 of the washer 10, the retaining projection 14 being designed to engage in the elongated hole 52 in a form-fitting manner, at least partially.Furthermore, at least one tooth contour 15 raised above the underside 12 is formed on the underside 12, which extends along a longitudinal axis n of the tooth contour 15 at least section by section on the underside 12, wherein the tooth contour 15 can be brought into contact with the workpiece 51, at least section by section, when the locking projection 14 engages positively in the elongated hole 52.

[0056] The washer 10 offers the advantage that, when the washer 10 is clamped to the workpiece 51, particularly by a fastening element 53, the tooth contour 15 penetrates at least partially into the material of the workpiece 51. This creates a positive fit between the washer 10 and the workpiece 51 in the area of ​​the tooth contour 15, which counteracts shear-induced displacement of the workpiece 51 relative to the washer 10.

[0057] Figure 2 shows that the locking projection 14 has two parallel or substantially parallel oriented contact surfaces 14.1 for bearing, at least partially, against the side surfaces 52.1 of the elongated hole 52. The contact surfaces 14.1 are oriented parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L2 of the elongated hole 52 or to the longitudinal sides of the elongated hole 52 when the locking projection 14 engages positively in the elongated hole 52.

[0058] Figures 1 and 2 further show that at least two raised tooth contours 15 are formed on the underside 12 of the washer 10, extending along a longitudinal axis L1, at least partially, on the underside 12. The longitudinal axes L1 of the tooth contours 15 are oriented parallel or substantially parallel and have a translational offset X. Both tooth contours 15 are interrupted, at least partially, by the recess 13 of the washer 10. The positioning of the tooth contours 15 is chosen such that the length over which the tooth contours 15 contact the workpiece 51 is maximized.

[0059] Fig. 1 further shows that the tooth contours 15 intersect at their ends with an outer contour 16 of the washer 10. The washer 10 has a circular outer contour 16. The recess 13 is also circular and located centrally in the washer 10.

[0060] Fig. 2 further shows that the tooth contours 15 have an identical or substantially identical distance to a center point M of the washer 10. Furthermore, the height H1 of the locking projection 14 is greater than the height H2 of the tooth contours 15 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

[0061] Figures 3 and 4 show a schematic cross-sectional view of a washer 10, with the viewing direction along the longitudinal axis L1 of the tooth contour 15. Figure 4 is a detail from Figure 3. Figure 5 shows a schematic enlarged view of a tooth contour 15. It can be seen that the tooth contours 15 each comprise two tooth flanks 15.1 that converge at an acute angle and are, in particular, mirror-symmetrical. Such a design has proven particularly advantageous with regard to the penetration of a tooth contour 15 into the workpiece 51 during the production of a workpiece assembly 50. Preferably, the tooth flanks 15.1 have a flank angle A of 60°.

[0062] Figures 4 and 5 further show the tooth tip 15.2, which is formed by the converging tooth flanks 15.1. Due to the manufacturing process, a tip radius R may occur in the area of ​​the tooth tip 15.2, which should have a maximum value of 0.4 mm. This is shown in Figure 5.

[0063] Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a washer 10, with the view directed towards the underside 12 of the washer 10. The washer 10 comprises a top surface n for at least partial contact with a fastener 53, a bottom surface 12 opposite the top surface 11, and a recess 13 penetrating the washer 10 for at least partial passage of the fastener 53 through the washer.

[0064] Furthermore, at least one raised tooth contour 15 is formed on the underside 12 of the washer 10, wherein the tooth contour 15 extends parallel or substantially parallel to an outer contour 16 of the washer 10. Such a design of the washer 10 also enabled improved transmission of shear loads in a slotted connection.

[0065] Fig. 7 further shows a schematic view of a workpiece assembly 50. The workpiece assembly 50 comprises at least one workpiece 51, a washer 10, and a fastening element 53. A slot 52 is formed in the workpiece 51. The fastening element 53 abuts the upper surface 11 of the washer 10 in sections and extends through the recess 13 of the washer and the slot 52. The workpiece 51 and the washer 10 are clamped together by the fastening element 53 such that at least one tooth contour 15 formed on the lower surface 12 of the washer 10 is arranged at least in sections in the material of the workpiece 51. The fastening element 53 is designed as a screw.

[0066] With regard to the workpiece assembly of Fig. 7, a washer 10 according to Figs. 1 to 4 is used. The locking projection 14 of the washer 10 engages at least partially in the elongated hole 52 in a form-fitting manner. Due to the form-fitting between the locking projection 14 and the elongated hole 52 or the workpiece 51, the washer 10 is guided along, or substantially along, a longitudinal axis L2 of the elongated hole 52 when displaced relative to the workpiece 51. The longitudinal axis L1 of the tooth contours 15 is oriented orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis L2 of the elongated hole.

[0067] Fig. 8 also shows a schematic view of a method 100 for manufacturing at least one washer 10, comprising the following steps:

[0068] - Extrusion 110 of a profile comprising at least one tooth contour 15 and at least one locking projection 14,

[0069] - Separating 120 at least one disc from the profile, reworking 130 the disc 10, in particular by milling or drilling.

[0070] The profile 54 is shown schematically in a sectional view in Fig. 9 and comprises at least one tooth contour 15 and at least one locking projection 14.

[0071] The post-processing 130 can, in particular, include milling. The milling can serve to produce the outer contour 16 of the washer 10, especially the final contour. Additionally or alternatively, the post-processing can include drilling. In particular, the recess 13 can be drilled.

[0072] Bezuq szei chen li ste

[0073] 10 Washers I Washers

[0074] 11 Top

[0075] 12 Subpage

[0076] 13 recess

[0077] 14 Safety margin

[0078] 14.1 Plant areas

[0079] 15 Tooth contour

[0080] 15.1 Tooth flanks

[0081] 15.2 Tooth tip

[0082] 16 Outer contour

[0083] 50 workpiece assembly

[0084] 51 workpiece

[0085] 52 Slotted hole

[0086] 52.1 Side surfaces

[0087] 53 Fasteners

[0088] 54 Profile

[0089] 100 procedures

[0090] 110 extrusion presses

[0091] 120 Separate

[0092] 130 Post-processing

[0093] A flank angle

[0094] H1 height

[0095] H2 height

[0096] L1 Longitudinal axis

[0097] L2 Longitudinal axis

[0098] M Center

[0099] R tip radius

[0100] X offset

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Washer (10) for use with an elongated hole (52) formed in a workpiece (51), comprising a top surface (11) for at least partial contact with a fastening element (53), a bottom surface (12) opposite the top surface (11), and a recess (13) penetrating the washer (10) for at least partial passage of the fastening element (53) through the washer (10), characterized in that a retaining projection (14) raised above the bottom surface (12) is formed on the bottom surface (12), wherein the retaining projection (14) is designed to engage in the elongated hole (52) in a form-fitting manner, at least partially, and wherein at least one tooth contour (15) raised above the bottom surface (12) is formed on the bottom surface (12), which extends at least partially along a longitudinal axis (L1) on the bottom surface (12), wherein the tooth contour (15) extends at least partially,can be brought into contact with the workpiece (51) when the locking projection (14) engages positively in the elongated hole (52).

2. Washer (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking projection (14) is designed such that the washer (10) is guided along a longitudinal axis (L2) of the elongated hole (52) via the positive locking between the locking projection (14) and the elongated hole (52).

3. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two parallel or substantially parallel oriented contact surfaces (14.1) are formed on the locking projection (14) for contact, at least partially, with side surfaces (52.1) of the elongated hole (52).

4. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the locking projection (14) is designed such that the positive locking between the locking projection (14) and the elongated hole (52) secures the washer (10) against rotation of the washer (10) relative to the workpiece (51).

5. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that a plurality of safety projections (14) are formed on the underside (12) of the washer (10), wherein in particular the safety projections (14) are identical or substantially identical.

6. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two tooth contours (15) raised above the underside (12) are formed on the underside (12), which extend along a longitudinal axis (L1), at least partially, on the underside (12), wherein the longitudinal axes (L1) of the tooth contours (15) are oriented parallel or substantially parallel and have a translational offset (X).

7. Washer (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that at least two tooth contours (15) have an identical or substantially identical distance to a surface center of the washer (10).

8. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one tooth contour (15) is interrupted by the recess (13) of the washer (10).

9. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal axis (L1) of at least one tooth contour (15) is oriented orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to a longitudinal axis (L2) of the elongated hole (52) when the locking projection (14) engages positively in the elongated hole (52).

10. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking projection (14) starting from the underside (12) has a greater height (H1) than all tooth contours (15).

11. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one tooth contour (15) on the underside (12) is positioned such that the length over which the tooth contour (15) contacts the workpiece (51) is maximized.

12. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one tooth contour (15) comprises two tooth flanks (15.1) that converge at acute angles, in particular those that are mirror symmetrical.

13. Washer (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the tooth flanks (15.1) enclose a flank angle (A) between 50° and 70°, in particular between 55° and 65°, particularly preferably of 60° or substantially 60°.

14. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one tooth contour (15) at a tooth tip (15.2) has a tip radius (R) of at most 0.4 mm, in particular at most 0.3 mm, particularly preferably at most 0.2 mm.

15. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one tooth contour (15) starting from the underside (12) has a height (H2) between 0.4 mm and 1 mm, in particular between 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm.

16. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one end of at least one tooth contour (15) is intersected with an outer contour (16) of the washer (10).

17. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the washer (10) is formed in one piece and / or that the washer (10) is made of a corrosion-resistant steel.

18. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the washer (10) has a circular outer contour (16).

19. Washer (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that the washer (10) has an outer diameter between 10 mm and 15 mm.

20. Washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the washer (10) has a material thickness between 1 mm and 1.6 mm.

21. Washer (10) for use with an elongated hole (52) formed in a workpiece (51), comprising a top surface (11) for at least partial contact with a fastening element (53), a bottom surface (12) opposite the top surface (11) and a recess (13) penetrating the washer (10) for at least partial passage of the fastening element (53) through the washer (10), characterized in that at least one tooth contour (15) raised above the bottom surface (12) is formed on the bottom surface (12), wherein the tooth contour (15) extends parallel or substantially parallel to an outer contour (16) of the washer (10).

22. Washer (10) according to claim 21, characterized in that the tooth contour (15) extends over the entire circumference of the outer contour (16) parallel or substantially parallel to it.

23. Workpiece assembly (50) comprising at least one workpiece (51), a washer (10) according to one of the preceding claims and a fastening means (53), wherein a slot (52) is formed in the workpiece (51) and wherein the fastening means (53) bears at least partially against the top (11) of the washer (10) and extends through the recess (13) of the washer (10) and the slot (52), wherein the workpiece (51) and the washer (10) are clamped together via the fastening means (53) in such a way that at least one tooth contour (15) formed on the underside (12) of the washer (10) is arranged at least partially in the material of the workpiece (51).

24. Workpiece assembly (50) according to claim 23, characterized in that the washer (10) is made of a first material and the workpiece (51), at least partially, is made of a second material, wherein the first material has a greater hardness than the second material.

25. Workpiece assembly (50) according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that at least one locking projection (14) of the washer (10) engages at least partially in a form-fitting manner in the elongated hole (52).

26. Workpiece assembly (50) according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that at least one tooth contour (15) is arranged in the material of the workpiece (51) to at least one third, in particular at least half or at least two thirds, with respect to its height (H2).

27. Method (100) for manufacturing at least one washer (10) according to one of claims 1 to 20, comprising the following steps: - Extrusion (110) of a profile (54), the profile (54) comprising at least one tooth contour (15) and a safety projection (14), - Separating (120) at least one disc (10) from the profile (54), reworking (130) the disc (10), in particular by milling or drilling.

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