Construction method

Abstract

A construction method according to the present invention includes: a first step of attaching a constituting element (2) to an installation part (1); and a second step of causing a penetrating object (5) to penetrate through the constituting element (2) and sealing a gap between the constituting element (2) and the penetrating object (5). The constituting element (2) is provided with a stretchable first layer and a second layer that is less stretchable than the first layer. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a construction method allowing to easily close a gap around a penetrating object.

Description

Construction method

[0001] The present invention relates to a construction method for closing gaps around penetrations.

[0002] Traditionally, construction sites have performed work such as sealing gaps to prevent air leaks and sealing gaps around wiring and piping to prevent rainwater leaks as energy-saving measures in line with the promotion of ZEH (Zero Energy House). One construction method for sealing gaps around wiring and piping inside a building is to use sealant. However, there are some areas where large gaps (hereinafter referred to as openings) exist in hollow walls, and this method can be difficult to address, as the sealant may fall into the hollow space. Another construction method involves sealing the wall opening with a sheet and drilling holes in the sheet to pass the piping through. This method requires drilling holes in the sheet so that the size of the hole precisely matches the size of the piping, making construction very difficult. This construction method requires skilled labor and time. Even when constructed using this method, the sheet may tear and widen when the piping slides over it, creating gaps around the piping. Furthermore, with thin pipes, the holes in the sheet may not be able to fit the pipe properly, ultimately resulting in gaps. As such, conventional installation methods have the problem of being difficult to achieve both sealing around the penetration and ease of installation.

[0003] An example of a construction method for closing gaps around penetrating objects is the method for closing gaps around wiring and piping materials described in Patent Document 1. In the gap closing method described in Patent Document 1, adhesive tape is used to close the gaps around the penetrating objects, which makes it easy to seal the gaps around the penetrating objects.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-205627

[0005] However, the gap sealing method around wiring and piping materials described in Patent Document 1 requires bonding multiple sheets of adhesive tape to seal the gap around the penetrating object, resulting in a large amount of work to seal the gap around the penetrating object. Furthermore, for penetrating objects with irregularly shaped outer shapes, such as wiring or piping, that are not simple shapes like circles or ellipses, or for penetrating objects with complex outer shapes consisting of multiple wiring or piping, it is difficult to make the adhesive tape conform neatly to the outer shape of the penetrating object, resulting in gaps remaining and an incomplete seal. Therefore, a construction method that can seal gaps around penetrating objects with even simpler work is desired.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a construction method that can easily seal gaps around penetrating objects with high workability.

[0007] After extensive research, the inventors discovered that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by passing a penetrating object through a stretchable structure, and thus completed the present invention. The gist of the present invention is as follows: [1] An installation method including a first step of attaching a structure to an installation portion, and a second step of passing a penetrating object through the structure and sealing a gap between the structure and the penetrating object, wherein the structure has a stretchable first layer and a second layer having lower stretchability than the first layer. [2] The installation method described in [1] above, wherein the first layer and the second layer are at least one of a foam, a rubber sheet, and a resin sheet. [3] The installation method described in [1] or [2] above, wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer is a foam. [4] The installation method described in [3] above, wherein both the first layer and the second layer are foam. [5] The construction method according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the construct further comprises a third layer having higher elasticity than the second layer, and wherein the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer. [6] The construction method according to any one of [1] to [5] above, wherein the construct has a breaking elongation of 250% or more in a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767. [7] The construction method according to [6] above, wherein the construct has a maximum point stress of 2.1 MPa or more and 6.0 MPa or less in the tensile test. [8] The construction method according to any one of [1] to [7] above, wherein the second step comprises sliding the penetrating object penetrated through the construct to further move the penetrating object to a desired position. [9] The construction method according to any one of [1] to [8] above, further comprising a third step of drilling a hole in the construct attached to the installation section before or after the second step.

[10] The construction method according to the above [9], wherein the inner diameter of the hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the penetrating object.

[11] The construction method according to any one of [1] to

[10] , wherein the first step attaches the component to the installation part using an adhesive applied to the entire surface or a part of one side of the component, or double-sided adhesive tape attached to the entire surface or a part of one side of the component.

[12] The construction method according to any one of [1] to

[11] , further comprising a fourth step of further sealing the boundary between the structural body and the penetrating object using a filler after the second step.

[13] The construction method according to any one of [1] to

[12] , wherein the installation part has an opening, and the structural body is attached to the installation part so as to close the opening.

[14] The construction method according to any one of [1] to

[13] , wherein the installation part is a face material, and in the second step, the penetrating object is caused to penetrate the face material and the structural body.

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a construction method that can easily seal gaps around penetrating objects with high workability.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining step A of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a structure for explaining the layer structure of the structure. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining step A of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining step B of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining step C of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) are diagrams for explaining step C of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a modified example of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a modified example of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a modified example of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a modified example of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a modified example of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) are diagrams for explaining a modified example of the application method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining step D of the application method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining step D of the construction method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining step E of the construction method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining step F of the construction method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 17(a) and 17(b) are diagrams for explaining a modified example of the construction method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a method of airtightness evaluation. FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a method of airtightness evaluation. FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a method of airtightness evaluation. FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a modified example of the construction method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a method of watertightness evaluation. FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a method of watertightness evaluation. FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining a method of watertightness evaluation. FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining a method of watertightness evaluation.

[0010] [Installation Method of First Embodiment] The installation method of the first embodiment of the present invention includes step A (corresponding to the first step) of attaching a component to an installation section having an opening through which a penetrating object passes and blocking the opening of the installation section, step B (corresponding to the third step) of drilling a hole in the component that blocks the opening of the installation section, and step C (corresponding to the second step) of passing the penetrating object through the component and sealing the gap between the component and the penetrating object. Here, step B may be omitted, or may be performed as a step before step C, or step C may be performed as a step before step A. Each step will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0011] (Step A) In step A, a constituent is attached to an installation part having an opening through which a penetrating object passes, thereby closing the opening of the installation part. First, as shown in Figure 1, an installation part 1 having an opening 11 through which a penetrating object passes and a constituent 2 are prepared. Note that Figure 1 shows an embodiment in which the constituent 2 is unwound from a roll that has been wound in advance into a roll and cut appropriately for use, but it does not need to be unwound from a roll, and may be pre-processed into sheets.

[0012] The installation unit 1 has the opening 11 as described above. The installation unit 1 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include surface materials such as walls and floors, and slabs. Examples of surface materials include heat insulating materials, fireproof materials, moisture-proof materials, soundproof materials, and building frameworks. The installation unit 1 is not particularly limited, but may be a wall that constitutes a pipe shaft, a wall around a distribution board, or the like. The opening 11 may be an opening for passing piping, wiring, and the like.

[0013] The area of ​​the opening of the installation part is not particularly limited, but it may be a large-area opening in which the gap between the penetrating object and the installation part is so large that it cannot be sealed by applying a filler. The area of ​​the large-area opening is, for example, 10 cm ２ More than 50cm, preferably ２ The area of ​​the large-area opening is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10,000 cm ２Even if the opening of the installation part is so large that it cannot be blocked by a filler, the opening can be blocked by the component, and therefore the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention has a particularly advantageous effect in an installation part having such a large opening.

[0014] The penetrating object is preferably, for example, a wiring material, a piping material, or the like, but may also be a box-shaped member. Examples of wiring materials include electrical conduits and cables used in general residential construction. Examples of piping materials include piping materials of various diameters, such as PVC pipes used for water supply and drainage. Examples of box-shaped members include box-shaped members that house wiring and piping, such as outlet boxes. The box-shaped member may be inserted into the component and placed in the inserted state, similar to wiring materials, piping materials, and the like.

[0015] In this embodiment, the construct 2 is a laminate including a stretchable first layer 2a and a second layer 2b having lower stretchability than the first layer 2a, as shown in FIG. 2 . In this embodiment, the construct 2 has the above structure, which allows for easy sealing of gaps around the penetrating object with high workability in step C, described below. On the other hand, if the construct is made only of the highly stretchable first layer, it may stretch too much in the penetration direction during penetration, requiring extra force or undergoing plastic deformation of the construct, resulting in insufficient stretchability and reduced workability and sealing performance when passing the penetrating object through the construct. Furthermore, the bending rigidity of the construct may be reduced, making the application of the foam more difficult. On the other hand, if the construct is made only of the less stretchable second layer, the adhesion between the construct and the penetrating object may be too weak, resulting in insufficient sealing of the gap around the penetrating object.

[0016] The first layer 2a preferably has elasticity such that, when a penetrating object is passed through the component 2, the first layer 2a adheres closely to the outer periphery of the penetrating object, sealing the gap between the first layer 2a and the penetrating object, and has a repulsive stress sufficient to tighten the penetrating object. In a tensile test conforming to JIS K6767, the first layer 2a exhibits a load value (elongation stress) of 100 mm in the TD direction. The load value (elongation stress) of the first layer 2a when stretched 100 mm in the TD direction is preferably 10 N or less, more preferably 9 N or less, and even more preferably 8 N or less. The lower limit of the range of the elongation stress of the first layer 2a is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 2 N or more. Meanwhile, the second layer 2b has lower elasticity than the first layer 2a, as described above. Therefore, when a penetrating object is passed through the component 2, the second layer 2b does not necessarily adhere closely to the outer periphery of the penetrating object. The elongation stress of the second layer 2b may be lower than the load value (elongation stress) of the first layer 2a, but is preferably 1 N or more, more preferably 2 N or more, and even more preferably 3 N or more. The upper limit of the range of the elongation stress in the second layer 2b is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 9 N or less. The difference in elongation stress between the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 N to 5.0 N, more preferably 0.2 N to 4.0 N, and even more preferably 0.3 N to 3.5 N. Here, having elasticity means, for example, that the elongation stress is 10 N or less. Low elasticity means that the elongation stress is small. The elongation stress can be measured by the method described in the Examples below. In this specification, the MD direction is an abbreviation for machine direction, which corresponds to the flow direction of the composition during extrusion molding, etc., as described below, and is the longitudinal direction of the sheet. The TD direction is an abbreviation for transverse direction, which is the direction perpendicular to the MD direction.

[0017] As described above, the first layer 2a preferably has elasticity such that, when a penetrating object is passed through the component 2, the first layer 2a adheres closely to the outer periphery of the penetrating object and can seal the gap between the first layer 2a and the penetrating object, and it is preferable to adjust the elongation stress as appropriate in order to maintain appropriate airtightness and watertightness.

[0018] In addition, in order to prevent tearing of the component upon penetration and to prevent a decrease in ease of application due to overextension of the component, it is desirable to adjust the breaking elongation of each layer within an appropriate range. From this perspective, the breaking elongation in the MD direction of the first layer 2a in a tensile test conforming to JIS K6767 is preferably 250% to 800%, more preferably 320% to 700%, and even more preferably 400% to 600%. From the above perspective, the breaking elongation in the TD direction of the first layer 2a in a tensile test conforming to JIS K6767 is preferably 300% to 800%, more preferably 370% to 700%, and even more preferably 430% to 600%. From the above viewpoint, the breaking elongation in the MD direction and the average breaking elongation in the TD direction of the first layer 2a in a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767 are preferably 300% or more and 800% or less, more preferably 350% or more and 700% or less, and even more preferably 400% or more and 600% or less.

[0019] As described above, from the viewpoints of preventing tearing of the component upon penetration and suppressing a decrease in ease of application due to stretching of the component, the breaking elongation in the MD direction of the second layer 2b in a tensile test conforming to JIS K6767 is preferably 200% to 800%, more preferably 250% to 700%, and even more preferably 300% to 600%. Also, from the above viewpoints, the breaking elongation in the TD direction of the second layer 2b in a tensile test conforming to JIS K6767 is preferably 50% to 800%, more preferably 100% to 700%, and even more preferably 150% to 600%. From the above viewpoint, the breaking elongation in the MD direction and the average breaking elongation in the TD direction of the second layer 2b in a tensile test in accordance with JIS K 6767 are preferably 100% or more and 800% or less, more preferably 200% or more and 700% or less, and even more preferably 250% or more and 600% or less. Note that, as long as the elongation stress of the second layer 2b is lower than the elongation stress of the first layer 2a, the breaking elongation of the second layer 2b may be larger or smaller than the breaking elongation of the first layer 2a.

[0020] The first layer 2a may have elasticity, and may have greater elasticity than the second layer 2b. The second layer 2b may have less elasticity than the first layer 2a, and may or may not have elasticity, but elasticity is preferred. The second layer 2b having elasticity also allows the second layer 2b to adhere to the penetrating object to a certain extent, further facilitating sealing between the penetrating object that penetrates the construct and the construct. Examples of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b include foam, rubber sheet, and resin sheet. Of the three types of sheets, foam, rubber sheet, and resin sheet, the first layer 2a may be the same type of sheet as the second layer 2b, or may be a different sheet. The rubber sheet and resin sheet referred to here may be other than foam, i.e., non-foam.

[0021] Since the component needs to have stretchability and be somewhat resistant to breakage, it is preferable that the component contains at least one resin selected from the group consisting of olefin-based thermoplastic resins, thermoplastic elastomers, and acrylic resins. Among these, at least one of olefin-based thermoplastic resins and thermoplastic elastomers is preferred from the viewpoint of greater resistance to breakage. Examples of olefin-based thermoplastic resins include polypropylene resins, polyethylene resins, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and these may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more. Examples of thermoplastic elastomers include olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers and styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, and these may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more. The resin selected from the above-mentioned olefin-based thermoplastic resins, thermoplastic elastomers, and acrylic resins may be the main component of each layer constituting the component 2. Specifically, in each layer (first layer 2a, second layer 2b, or third layer 2c described later), the amount is preferably 50 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 60 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 65 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of resin constituting that layer. However, when a modifier described later is contained, the amount is preferably 50 parts by mass or more and 95 parts by mass or less, more preferably 60 parts by mass or more and 90 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 65 parts by mass or more and 85 parts by mass or less.

[0022] The breaking elongation of the component 2 measured by a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767 is preferably 250% or more. When the breaking elongation of the component 2 is 250% or more, it becomes easier to seal gaps around the penetrating object in the component 2 and it becomes less prone to tearing. From this viewpoint, the breaking elongation of the component 2 is more preferably 300% or more, and even more preferably 350% or more. Furthermore, the breaking elongation of the component 2 measured by a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767 is preferably 900% or less. When the breaking elongation of the component 2 is 900% or less, it becomes easier to insert a penetrating object into the component 2. From this viewpoint, the breaking elongation of the component 2 is more preferably 700% or less, and even more preferably 600% or less. Furthermore, the breaking elongation of the component 2 is preferably 250% or more and 900% or less, more preferably 300% or more and 700% or less, and even more preferably 350% or more and 600%. The breaking elongation of the component 2 can be measured by the method described in the Examples below, but in the present invention, it is sufficient that the breaking elongation in any one direction of the component 2 satisfies the above-mentioned specification.

[0023] The maximum point stress of the component 2 measured by a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767 is preferably 2.1 MPa or more. If the maximum point stress of the component 2 is 2.1 MPa or more, when a penetrating object is inserted into the component 2, it is possible to prevent the component 2 from breaking and making it impossible to seal the gap around the penetrating object. From this perspective, the maximum point stress of the component 2 is more preferably 2.3 MPa or more, and even more preferably 2.5 MPa or more. Furthermore, the maximum point stress of the component 2 measured by a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767 is preferably 6.0 MPa or less. If the maximum point stress of the component 2 is 6.0 MPa or less, it becomes even easier to insert the penetrating object into the component 2. From this perspective, the maximum point stress of the component 2 is more preferably 5.5 MPa or less, even more preferably 4.5 MPa or less, and even more preferably 3.5 MPa or less. The maximum point stress of the component 2 is preferably 2.1 MPa to 6.0 MPa, more preferably 2.3 MPa to 5.5 MPa, even more preferably 2.5 MPa to 4.5 MPa, and even more preferably 2.5 MPa to 3.5 MPa. The maximum point stress of the component 2 can be measured by the method described in the examples below, but in the present invention, it is sufficient that the maximum point stress in any one direction of the component 2 satisfies the above-mentioned requirement.

[0024] The component 2 used for airtight applications preferably has low water absorption. The component 2, which has low water absorption, blocks gaps around the penetrating object, thereby further improving the airtightness, moisture resistance, and waterproofness of the building. If the component 2 has low water absorption, the component 2's water absorption rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7% or less. If the component 2 has a water absorption rate of 7% or less, the component 2 blocks gaps around the penetrating object, thereby further improving the airtightness, moisture resistance, and waterproofness of the building. From this perspective, the component 2's water absorption rate is more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 3% or less. The lower limit of the component 2's water absorption rate range is preferably as low as possible, for example, 0%. The water absorption rate of the component 2 is measured in accordance with JIS K 7209, specifically as follows. A portion of the component 2 is cut out and used as a sample. The sample is thoroughly dried (at 80°C for 12 hours) to obtain a pre-immersion sample. The sample is immersed in distilled water at 23°C for 12 hours, and the water absorption rate is calculated from the weight A of the sample before immersion and the weight B of the sample after immersion using the following formula: Water absorption rate = 100 x (B - A) / A

[0025] When the construct is used for watertight applications, it is preferable that the construct be water-repellent or water-swellable. In this case, the construct itself may be water-repellent or water-swellable, or the surface of the construct may have a water-repellent or water-swellable layer.

[0026] For example, by including a modifier such as a polyolefin resin having a silicone structure, an α-olefin copolymer, a polysilane, or a polyflon as the resin constituting the component 2, the component 2 itself can be made water-repellent. Examples of polyolefin resins having a silicone structure include copolymers of silicone and polyolefin, and more specifically, Si-grafted polyethylene, in which a silicone compound is graft-polymerized onto polyethylene. Examples of α-olefin copolymers that can be used as modifiers include those having structural units derived from 4-methyl-1-pentene, such as copolymers of 4-methyl-1-pentene and propylene and copolymers of 4-methyl-1-pentene and ethylene. Commercially available modifiers can also be used, such as "EXFORA (registered trademark)" (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Fine Chemicals, Inc., product name). Examples of α-olefin copolymers include "Absortomer" manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.

[0027] Furthermore, by forming a layer of an organosilicon compound, an organofluorine compound, a low-surface-energy polyolefin resin, or the like on the surface of the construct 2, a water-repellent layer can be formed on the surface of the construct. Furthermore, when the construct contains sodium polyacrylate, silica gel, or the like as a resin component constituting the construct, the construct itself can have water-swelling properties. Furthermore, by forming a layer containing a polyacrylic acid-based resin, sodium polyacrylate, silica gel, montmorillonite, bentonite, or the like on the surface of the construct, a water-swellable layer can be formed on the surface of the construct.

[0028] When the construct is used for watertight applications, it is preferable that at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b that comes into contact with water is water-repellent or water-swellable. In this case, at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b that comes into contact with water may itself be water-repellent or water-swellable, or at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b that comes into contact with water may have a water-repellent or water-swellable layer on its surface. For example, by including the above-mentioned modifier as the resin constituting at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b that comes into contact with water, at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b that comes into contact with water can itself be water-repellent. The content of the modifier is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 part by mass to 45 parts by mass, more preferably 3 parts by mass to 35 parts by mass, and even more preferably 5 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the resin in the layer containing the modifier.

[0029] Furthermore, by forming a layer of an organosilicon compound, an organofluorine compound, a low-surface-energy polyolefin resin, or the like on the surface of at least one of the first and second layers 2 a and 2 b that comes into contact with water, a water-repellent layer can be formed on the surface of at least one of the first and second layers 2 a and 2 b that comes into contact with water. Furthermore, if the resin component constituting at least one of the first and second layers 2 a and 2 b that comes into contact with water contains a polyacrylic acid resin, sodium polyacrylate, silica gel, montmorillonite, bentonite, or the like, at least one of the first and second layers 2 a and 2 b that comes into contact with water can itself be water-swellable. Furthermore, by forming a layer containing a polyacrylic acid resin, sodium polyacrylate, silica gel, montmorillonite, bentonite, or the like on the surface of at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b that comes into contact with water, a layer having water-swelling properties can be formed on the surface of at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b that comes into contact with water.

[0030] Typically, the thicker the layer, the higher the bending rigidity of the construct, preventing twisting of the construct during construction, making the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention an easy-to-implement construction method. The second layer is preferably thicker than the first layer. In this case, in order to balance the ease of penetration when a penetrating object is passed through the construct and the adhesion between the construct and the penetrating object, the thickness of the second layer is preferably 1.0 to 10.0 times the thickness of the first layer, and more preferably 2.0 to 7.0 times.

[0031] Typically, changing the density of a layer changes the ease of penetration due to the layer's elasticity and strength. From this perspective, it is preferable that the density of the first layer 1a be different from that of the second layer 2b. Furthermore, typically, the lower the density of a layer, the lower the strength and the easier it is to penetrate. From this perspective, although it depends on the type of resin used, it is preferable that the density of the second layer 2b be different from that of the first layer 1a. From the perspective of balancing the ease of penetration when a penetrating object penetrates the construct and the adhesion between the construct and the penetrating object, the density of the second layer 2b is preferably 0.05 to 20 times, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 times, the density of the first layer 1a. When the layer is a foam, the density of the layer can be adjusted by the type of resin constituting the foam and the foam expansion ratio of the foam. When the layer is a rubber sheet and a resin sheet, the density of the layer can be adjusted by the type of resin constituting the rubber sheet and the resin sheet.

[0032] As described above, the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b may be, for example, foams, rubber sheets, or resin sheets. Among the three types of sheets, foams, rubber sheets, and resin sheets, the first layer 2a may be the same type of sheet as the second layer 2b, or may be a different type of sheet. For example, from the viewpoint of suppressing elongation and further improving workability, it is preferable that the first layer 2a be a foam and the second layer 2b be a resin sheet. It is also preferable that both the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b be foams, because they are lightweight and have high airtightness, flexibility, conformability, and thermal insulation. It is also preferable that at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b be foams, and it is more preferable that both the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b be foams. When one or both of the first and second layers 2a and 2b of the component 2 are foams, the thermal insulation properties are improved, resulting in a further improvement in energy-saving effects.

[0033] When the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b are foams, the closed cell ratio of the foam is preferably 70% or more. A foam with a closed cell ratio of 70% or more increases the mechanical strength and heat insulating properties of the foam, and further improves the airtightness and watertightness around the penetrating object 2. From this perspective, the closed cell ratio of the foam is more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more. The upper limit of the closed cell ratio range of the foam is preferably as high as possible, for example, 100%. The closed cell ratio is measured as follows: A test piece having a flat square shape with sides of 5 cm and a certain thickness is cut out from the foam. The thickness of the test piece is measured, and the apparent volume V1 of the test piece is calculated, and the weight W1 of the test piece is also measured. Next, the apparent volume V2 occupied by the bubbles is calculated based on the following formula: The density of the resin constituting the test piece is 1 g / cm ３The apparent volume occupied by the bubbles is V2 = V1 - W1. Next, the test piece is submerged in distilled water at 23°C to a depth of 100 mm from the water surface, and a pressure of 15 kPa is applied to the test piece for 3 minutes. After this, the test piece is removed from the water, the water adhering to the surface of the test piece is removed, and the weight W2 of the test piece is measured. The open cell rate F1 and closed cell rate F2 are calculated based on the following formulas: Open cell rate F1 (%) = 100 x (W2 - W1) / V2 Closed cell rate F2 (%) = 100 - F1

[0034] The expansion ratio of the foam is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 times or more. An expansion ratio of 2 times or more can further improve the stretchability of the foam. From this perspective, the expansion ratio of the foam is more preferably 3 times or more, and even more preferably 3.5 times or more. Furthermore, the expansion ratio of the foam is preferably 35 times or less. By setting the expansion ratio of the foam to 35 times or less, the mechanical strength of the foam can be maintained at a certain level or higher. From this perspective, the expansion ratio of the foam is more preferably 30 times or less, and even more preferably 20 times or less. Furthermore, the expansion ratio of the foam is preferably 3 times or more and 35 times or less, more preferably 5 times or more and 30 times or less, and even more preferably 7 times or more and 20 times or less. The expansion ratio can be calculated by dividing the density of the foam precursor before expansion by the density (apparent density) of the foam after expansion. Furthermore, the apparent density can be measured in accordance with JIS K7222:2005.

[0035] In addition, when the foam is made of the same resin, a higher expansion ratio of the foam reduces its strength. Therefore, when the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b are foams, the expansion ratio of the first layer 2a is preferably different from that of the second layer 2b in order to ensure penetration. The different expansion ratios allow the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b to have different stretchability, strength, etc., and can improve gap sealing without causing tearing or other damage to the composite. In one aspect, the expansion ratio of the first layer 2a is preferably lower than that of the second layer 2b. In this case, the expansion ratio of the first layer 2a is preferably 0.05 to 0.7 times the expansion ratio of the second layer 2b, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 times.

[0036] The thickness of each of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b is preferably 0.03 mm or more. By making the thickness of each layer 0.03 mm or more, the strength of the construct can be increased and a certain degree of bending rigidity can be imparted to the construct, making the process of attaching the construct easier. From this perspective, the thickness of each of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b is more preferably 0.03 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.1 mm or more. Furthermore, the thickness of each of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b is preferably 2.5 mm or less. The thickness of the construct 2 is preferably 5.0 mm or less. By making the thickness of the construct 2 5.0 mm or less, the strength of the construct 2 can be reduced to an appropriate range that makes it easy to penetrate. From this perspective, the thickness of the construct 2 is more preferably 2.5 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.0 mm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the construct 2 is preferably 0.2 mm or more, more preferably 0.4 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.8 mm or more. The thickness of the component 2 is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.4 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.8 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less.

[0037] The thickness of the second layer 2b is preferably, for example, 1.0 to 15.0 times the thickness of the first layer 2a. However, since a thicker second layer 2b increases the bending rigidity of the entire structure, the thickness of the second layer 2b is preferably greater than the thickness of the first layer 2a. Specifically, the thickness is preferably greater than 1 to 15.0 times the thickness of the first layer 2a, and more preferably 2.0 to 10.0 times the thickness of the first layer 2a. However, the thickness of the second layer 2b may be smaller than the thickness of the first layer 2a, thereby increasing the flexibility of the entire structure. Specifically, the thickness of the second layer 2b is preferably 0.07 to 1.0 times the thickness of the first layer 2a, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 times.

[0038] Examples of foams include polyolefin foams, thermoplastic elastomer foams, and acrylic foams. Among these foams, polyolefin foams are preferred because they have elasticity and are relatively resistant to breakage. Polyolefin foams are formed by foaming a foamable resin composition containing a polyolefin resin. Examples of polyolefin resins include polypropylene resins, polyethylene resins, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, polyethylene resins and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are preferred from the viewpoint of enhancing elasticity.

[0039] When the foam is a polyolefin foam, the foam is preferably a crosslinked polyolefin foam (crosslinked polyolefin foam). Examples of a method for crosslinking the foam include irradiating the foamable sheet with ionizing radiation such as electron beams, α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays. Among these ionizing radiations, it is more preferable that the foam be crosslinked by electron beams.

[0040] <Polyethylene resin> As the polyethylene resin, low-density polyethylene resin (0.93 g / cm ３ hereinafter referred to as LDPE), medium density polyethylene resin (0.930 g / cm ３ Greater than 0.942 g / cm ３less than MDPE), high density polyethylene resin (0.942 g / cm ３ A specific example of a suitable low-density polyethylene resin is linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and among these, LLDPE is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of increasing stretchability.

[0041] The polyethylene resin may be an ethylene homopolymer, or may be a copolymer of ethylene and a small amount of an α-olefin, with ethylene as the main component (preferably 75% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more of all monomers). The α-olefin preferably has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples include 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene. In the copolymer, these α-olefins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The polyethylene resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0042] <Polypropylene Resin> Examples of polypropylene resins include homopolypropylene, which is a homopolymer of propylene, and copolymers of propylene with small amounts of ethylene and α-olefins other than propylene, with propylene as the main component (preferably 75% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more of all monomers). Examples of copolymers of propylene with α-olefins other than ethylene and propylene include block copolymers (block polypropylene), random copolymers (random polypropylene), and random block copolymers. Examples of α-olefins other than propylene include α-olefins having approximately 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene. Among these, ethylene is preferred from the viewpoints of moldability and heat resistance. In the copolymers, these α-olefins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, polypropylene resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0043] In the present invention, any of polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, and mixtures thereof polymerized with a polymerization catalyst such as a Ziegler-Natta compound, a metallocene compound, or a chromium oxide compound may be used. Among these, from the viewpoint of further enhancing stretchability, polyethylene resins polymerized with a metallocene compound are preferred, and linear low-density polyethylene resins polymerized with a metallocene compound are more preferred.

[0044] <Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer> Examples of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer used as the polyolefin resin include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 50% by mass or more of structural units derived from ethylene. Since the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has high compatibility with polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer can also be used in combination with one or more resins selected from polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins. The density of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 0.92 g / cm ３ More preferably, 0.93 g / cm ３ More preferably, 0.94 g / cm ３ and preferably 0.99 g / cm ３ or less, more preferably 0.97 g / cm ３ The density of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 0.92 g / cm or less. ３ 0.99g / cm or more ３ or less, more preferably 0.93 g / cm ３ 0.97g / cm or more ３ More preferably, 0.94 g / cm ３ 0.97g / cm or more ３ The following is the result.

[0045] The polyolefin foam may be composed solely of the above-mentioned polyolefin resin, or may be a mixture of the polyolefin resin and an elastomer. Examples of the elastomer include ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM), and styrene rubber. Examples of the elastomer include thermoplastic elastomers. Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer include olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers and styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers. The content of the polyolefin resin in the polyolefin foam is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the foam.

[0046] A foam is formed by foaming a foamable resin composition containing a resin and a foaming agent. For example, a polyolefin foam is produced by foaming a foamable resin composition containing the above-mentioned polyolefin resin and a foaming agent. Examples of the foaming agent include chemical foaming agents and physical foaming agents. Furthermore, when producing a foam, the foamable resin composition may be crosslinked as described above and then foamed with a foaming agent.

[0047] <Blowing Agent> Examples of physical blowing agents include inert gases such as carbon dioxide and butane gas. Examples of chemical blowing agents that are preferred are thermally decomposable blowing agents. Examples of thermally decomposable blowing agents that can be used include organic and inorganic blowing agents. Examples of organic blowing agents include azo compounds such as azodicarbonamide, metal azodicarboxylates (e.g., barium azodicarboxylate), and azobisisobutyronitrile; nitroso compounds such as N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine; hydrazine derivatives such as hydrazodicarbonamide, 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide), and toluenesulfonylhydrazide; and semicarbazide compounds such as toluenesulfonylsemicarbazide. Examples of inorganic blowing agents include ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrite, sodium borohydride, and anhydrous monosodium citrate. Among these, azo compounds are preferred, and azodicarbonamide is more preferred, from the viewpoints of obtaining fine bubbles, economy, and safety. The thermal decomposition type foaming agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0048] The content of the foaming agent in the foamable resin composition is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 25 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin. By using a foaming agent in an amount of 1 part by mass or more, the foam can be foamed appropriately and can be imparted with a certain degree of flexibility. Furthermore, by using a foaming agent in an amount of 30 parts by mass or less, the foam layer can be prevented from foaming more than necessary, and the mechanical strength of the foam can be improved.

[0049] The foamable resin composition may also be appropriately blended with additives that are generally used in foams, such as a crosslinking aid, a decomposition temperature adjuster, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a colorant, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, and a filler.

[0050] When the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b are foams, the stretchability of the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b can be controlled by adjusting the type of resin constituting the foam, the expansion ratio of the foam, the thickness of the foam, the closed cell ratio of the foam, etc.

[0051] Examples of rubbers constituting the rubber sheet used as the component 2 include silicone rubber, urethane rubber, nitrile rubber, acrylic rubber, fluororubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, styrene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer, urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer, etc. The rubber to be used may be a rubber-like elastic material crosslinked with a crosslinking agent, or may be uncrosslinked raw rubber.

[0052] When the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b are rubber sheets, the stretchability of the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b can be controlled by adjusting the type of rubber constituting the rubber sheets, the degree of crosslinking of the rubber, the thickness of the rubber sheets, etc.

[0053] Examples of resins that can be used to form the resin sheet used as the component 2 include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, a mixed resin of polyvinyl chloride and ABS resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, and polyester resin.

[0054] When the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b are resin sheets, the stretchability of the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b can be controlled by adjusting the type of resin constituting the resin sheet, the thickness of the resin sheet, etc.

[0055] The first layer 2a and the second layer 2b may be laminated by known means to form the construct 2. For example, the rubber sheet, resin sheet, or foam constituting the first layer 2a may be bonded to the rubber sheet, resin sheet, or foam constituting the second layer 2ab by thermal lamination or by using an adhesive or the like. When both the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b are foams, layers made of a foamable resin composition before foaming to form the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b, respectively, may be laminated, and then the foamable resin composition may be foamed to obtain the construct. When at least one of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b is a foam, the layer made of a foamable resin composition to form the foam may be laminated on another layer, and the foamable resin composition may be foamed while still laminated on the other layer to obtain the construct.

[0056] Next, as shown in FIG. 3 , the component 2 is attached to the installation section 1 having an opening 11 through which the penetrating object passes, thereby closing the opening 11 of the installation section 1. For example, the component 2 may be attached to the installation section 1 using an adhesive (not shown) applied to the entire or part of one surface of the component 2 to close the opening 11 of the installation section 1. Alternatively, the component 2 may be attached to the installation section 1 using a double-sided adhesive tape (not shown) attached to the entire or part of one surface of the component 2 to close the opening 11 of the installation section 1. It is preferable to attach the component 2 to the installation section 1 so that the layer on the side where the penetrating object starts to penetrate the component is the first layer 2a. This allows the penetrating object to first be closely attached to the component, and then the penetrating object can be penetrated by a weak force while maintaining the close contact of the component with the penetrating object.

[0057] The type of adhesive used to attach the component 2 is not particularly limited, but examples include acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesives, urethane adhesives, and silicone adhesives. These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, acrylic adhesives are preferred. Furthermore, the type of adhesive constituting the adhesive layer of the double-sided adhesive tape used to attach the component 2 is not particularly limited, but examples include acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesives, urethane adhesives, and silicone adhesives. These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, acrylic adhesives are preferred. The double-sided adhesive tape used to attach the component 2 may have a substrate or may not have a substrate. When the double-sided adhesive tape used to attach the component 2 has a substrate, examples of the substrate include sheet-like materials such as resin films, nonwoven fabrics, and metal foils. Among these sheet-like materials, resin films are preferred. Examples of resin films include polyethylene-based resin films, polypropylene-based resin films, acrylic-based resin films, fluorine-based resin films, polyvinyl chloride-based resin films, polycarbonate-based resin films, AES-based resin films, ASA-based resin films, etc. Among these, at least one resin film selected from the group consisting of polyolefin-based resin films such as polyethylene-based resin films and polypropylene-based resin films, acrylic-based resin films, fluorine-based resin films, and polyvinyl chloride-based resin films is more preferred.

[0058] The above describes an embodiment in which the surface of the component 2 does not have an adhesive layer, and an adhesive or double-sided adhesive tape is used during installation. However, the component 2 may also have an adhesive layer on its surface. The adhesive layer may be laminated on one side of the component (i.e., the outer surface of the laminate of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b described above). By providing the component 2 with an adhesive layer, the component 2 can be more easily applied to the installation section 1. The adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but may be an adhesive layer formed from a known adhesive. The adhesive layer may also be a double-sided adhesive tape in which adhesive layers formed from an adhesive are laminated on both sides of a substrate. In this case, one adhesive layer may attach the first and second layers to the laminate, and the other adhesive layer may serve as the adhesive surface for the installation section 1. The adhesive and substrate constituting the adhesive layer are not particularly limited and are as described above. The thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 μm or more and 700 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and even more preferably 40 μm or more and 300 μm or less.

[0059] The adhesive layer may be provided over the entire surface of one side of the component 2, or may be provided on a portion of that surface. When the adhesive layer is provided on a portion of one side, it may be formed in a frame shape so as to surround the center along the outer edge of one side of the component 2. For example, if the component 2 is rectangular as shown in FIG. 3, it may be formed in a rectangular frame shape (i.e., a picture frame shape). Note that, when the adhesive layer is formed in a frame shape as described above, the component 2 may be processed into a sheet shape. When the component 2 has an adhesive layer, it is preferable to attach the component 2 to the installation unit 1 via the adhesive layer provided on the component 2, without using a separate adhesive or double-sided adhesive tape, and to close the opening 11 of the installation unit 1.

[0060] (Step B) In step B, as shown in FIG. 4 , a hole is made in the component 2 attached to the installation portion 1. The hole preferably penetrates the component 2 in the thickness direction. The inner diameter of the hole is preferably smaller than the outer diameter of the penetrating object 5. In this case, since at least the first layer 2 a of the component 2 is stretchable as described above, when the penetrating object 5 is inserted, the hole stretches to match the outer diameter of the penetrating object 5, making it easier for the component 2 to reliably seal the gap around the penetrating object 5. In this embodiment, the hole is preferably a slit 21 as shown in FIG. 4 . The slit 21 may be formed in the component 2 using, for example, a cutter 4. The length of the slit 21 (i.e., the inner diameter of the hole) is preferably less than one-fourth the outer periphery of the cross section of the penetrating object that has been penetrated through the component 2 and that contacts the component 2. When the length of the slit 21 is less than one-fourth the outer periphery of the cross section of the component 2, the generation of a gap between the component 2 and the penetrating object can be suppressed. From this perspective, the length of the slit 21 (i.e., the inner diameter of the hole) is more preferably one-fifth or less of the outer periphery of the cross section of the constituent 2, and even more preferably one-sixth or less of the outer periphery of the cross section of the constituent 2. Furthermore, from the perspective of preventing the constituent 2 from tearing at the slit 21, the length of the slit 21 is preferably one-fifteenth or more of the outer periphery of the cross section of the constituent 2, and more preferably one-tenth or more of the outer periphery of the cross section of the constituent 2. Note that, although the slit 21 is made in the constituent 2 using a cutter 4 in FIG. 4 , the tool used to make the slit 21 in the constituent 2 is not limited to the cutter 4. Note that the number of holes made in the constituent 2 may be one or more.

[0061] (Step C) In step C, as shown in Fig. 5, the penetrating object 5 is inserted into the slit 21 of the construct 2 and penetrates it. As described above, at least the first layer 2a of the construct 2 is stretchable, and this stretchability seals the gap around the penetrating object 5 penetrating the construct 2. In this embodiment, the first layer 2a of the construct 2 seals the area around the penetrating object 5 penetrating the construct 2, and the second layer 2b suppresses the elongation of the entire construct 2, making it easier to penetrate, and the penetrating object 5 can be penetrated into the construct 2 with a relatively weak force, improving workability.

[0062] It is preferable that tearing of the component 2 does not occur from the hole 21 of the component 2 due to the insertion and penetration of the penetrating object 5. By preventing tearing of the component 2 from occurring from the hole 21 of the component 2, it is possible to more reliably seal the gap around the penetrating object 5 penetrating the component 2. Note that tearing means that even when the penetrating object 5 is passed through, the hole does not spread to a position away from the penetrating object 5.

[0063] It is preferable to slide the penetrating object 5 that has been passed through the slit 21 of the component 2, and further move the penetrating object 5 to the desired position. Since at least the first component 2a of the component 2 has elasticity, even if the penetrating object 5 is moved, it is possible to reliably prevent the component 2 from tearing at the slit 21 of the component 2.

[0064] As shown in FIGS. 6( a) and 6(b), it is preferable that the portion 22 of the construct 2 through which the penetrator 5 penetrates protrudes in the direction in which the penetrator 5 penetrates. This allows the construct 2 and the penetrator 5 to be more firmly attached to each other, and the gap around the penetrator 5 penetrating the construct 2 to be more reliably closed. There is no restriction on the direction in which the penetrator penetrates, and the penetrator may be inserted from either side of the outer surface of the construct 2. That is, the penetrator may penetrate the construct from top to bottom, or from bottom to top. For example, as shown in FIG. 6(a), when the penetrator 5 penetrates the construct 2 from top to bottom, the portion 22 of the construct 2 through which the penetrator 5 penetrates protrudes downward. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6(b), when the penetrator 5 penetrates the construct 2 from bottom to top, the portion 22 of the construct 2 through which the penetrator 5 penetrates protrudes upward.

[0065] [Modifications] The construction method according to the first embodiment of the present invention can be modified as follows.

[0066] (Variation 1) As shown in FIG. 7 , a third layer 2c having higher elasticity than the second layer 2b may be further provided, with the second layer 2b disposed between the first layer 2a and the third layer 2c. This further improves the adhesion of the construct to the penetrating object. Furthermore, regardless of which side of the construct 2 is attached to the installation portion 1, the layer on the side where the penetrating object begins to penetrate the construct (the first layer 2a or the third layer 2c) can be attached to the installation portion 1. This allows the penetrating object to first adhere to the construct, and then penetrate the construct with a weak force while maintaining the adhesion of the construct to the penetrating object. Since the third layer 2c is similar to the first layer 2a, a description of the third layer 2c will be omitted. Therefore, it is more preferable that the first layer 2a, the second layer 2b, and the third layer 2c are all foams. However, the third layer 2c does not need to have the same configuration as the first layer 2a, and the third layer 2c may have the same stretchability as the first layer 2a, but does not necessarily have the same stretchability as the first layer 2a. Also, in this modification, the construct may have an adhesive layer on one surface of the construct.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 21 , the construct may further include a third layer 2c having lower elasticity than the first layer 2a, with the first layer 2a disposed between the second layer 2a and the third layer 2c. This configuration also further improves the adhesion of the construct to penetrating objects. Since the third layer 2c is similar to the second layer 2b, a description of the third layer 2c will be omitted. Therefore, it is more preferable that the first layer 2a, the second layer 2b, and the third layer 2c are all foams. However, the third layer 2c does not necessarily have the same configuration as the second layer 2b. The third layer 2c may have elasticity similar to that of the second layer 2b, but does not necessarily have elasticity similar to that of the second layer 2b. In this modification, the construct may also have an adhesive layer on one side of the construct.

[0068] Furthermore, even when the component 2 further includes a third layer 2c and is used for watertight applications, it is preferable that the layer in contact with water be water-repellent or water-swellable. Therefore, for example, it is preferable that at least one of the first layer 2a and the third layer 2c be water-repellent or water-swellable, and it is more preferable that both the first layer 2a and the third layer 2c be water-repellent or water-swellable. Methods for imparting water-repellency or water-swellability are as described above, but it is particularly preferable to incorporate a modifier into one or both of the first layer 2a and the third layer 2c.

[0069] (Variation 2) After step C, a step of further sealing the boundary between the component 2 and the penetrating object 5 using a filler 6 may be carried out as shown in Fig. 8. This makes it possible to more reliably close the gap around the penetrating object 5. For the filler 6, for example, materials that have traditionally been used in building construction can be used, such as urethane foam, putty, sealant, and rock wool.

[0070] (Variation 3) In the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, one penetrating object is passed through one opening 11. However, two or more penetrating objects may be passed through one opening. For example, as shown in FIG. 9 , three penetrating objects 5 may be passed through one opening 11. In this case, three holes may be formed and a penetrating object 5 may be passed through each hole, or multiple penetrating objects may be passed through one hole. According to the construction method of one embodiment of the present invention, even when two or more penetrating objects are passed through one opening 11, gaps around the penetrating objects 5 can be reliably sealed.

[0071] (Variation 4) In the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, in step B, a hole 21 is formed in the component 2 that blocks the opening, and the hole 21 is a slit. However, the hole formed in the component in step B is not limited to a slit as long as it allows the penetrating object to pass through the component. The hole may be formed by cutting out a portion of the component, for example, a notch 21A as shown in FIG. 10. Furthermore, the hole is not limited to a long, thin slit, but may be a roughly circular hole 21B as shown in FIG. 11. The hole 21B may be formed using a drill or needle, or by cutting out a portion. Furthermore, the hole formed in the component does not need to be formed after the component is attached to the installation portion; it may be formed before the component is attached to the installation portion. Even if the hole is a circular hole 21B, it is preferable that the inner diameter of the hole 21B is smaller than the outer diameter of the penetrating object. This makes it easier to seal the gap around the penetrating object in the component.

[0072] In this specification, the hole is not limited to a circular or slit shape formed by removing a portion of the component to form a cavity, as described above, but may also be a slit without a cavity. Furthermore, the hole is not limited to the circular, rectangular slit, or linear slit specifically described above, and may be any shape as long as it allows the penetrating object to pass through. For example, two linear slits may be combined in a cross shape. However, the hole does not need to be connected to the outer edge of the component 1, and for example, the slit may not extend to the outer edge. Not connecting the hole to the outer edge can improve sealing performance. The inner diameter of hole 2B is preferably 1 mm or more and 50 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and even more preferably 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. When the inner diameter of the hole is within the above range, it is easy to make it smaller than the outer diameter of the penetrating object, and it is also easy to pass the penetrating part through the hole without tearing, providing high workability. The inner diameter of a hole means the diameter if it is circular, but if it is not circular it means the length in the longitudinal direction, for example, the length of the long side if it is a rectangular slit, the length of the slit if it is a straight slit, or the length of the longer slit if it is a cross-shaped slit.

[0073] (Variation 5) In the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, step B was performed. However, if a penetrating object can be passed through the component, step B need not be performed. That is, the construction method of one embodiment of the present invention may include step A of attaching an elastic component to an installation portion having an opening through which the penetrating object passes, thereby blocking the opening of the installation portion, and step C1 of passing the penetrating object through the component and sealing the gap between the component and the penetrating object. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 12( a), a penetrating object 5 may be strongly pressed against the component 2 to form a crack in the component 2, and as shown in FIG. 12( b), the penetrating object 5 may be inserted into the crack 23 in the component 2 formed by strongly pressing the penetrating object 5 against the component 2 and penetrated therethrough. Alternatively, a component with a hole formed in advance may be used.

[0074] (Variation 6) In the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, step B is performed before step C. However, step B may also be performed after step C. In this case, a hole may be drilled in the structure attached to the installation portion in order to pass a penetrating object through a structure without a hole, and then a penetrating object different from the penetrating object may be passed through the structure, or a hole may be formed in the structure by passing a penetrating object through the structure without a hole, and then a penetrating object different from the penetrating object may be pressed firmly against the structure to form a hole, and the penetrating object may be inserted into the hole and passed through.

[0075] (Variation 7) In the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, step C is performed after step A. However, step A may be performed after step C. In this case, a penetrating object is passed through the structure, the gap between the structure and the penetrating object is sealed, and then the structure with the penetrating object passed through it is attached to the installation portion.

[0076] [Installation Method of Second Embodiment] In the above first embodiment, an embodiment has been described in which the installation portion has an opening and the opening is blocked by a structural member. However, an embodiment in which the installation portion does not have an opening that is blocked by a structural member may also be described. Such an embodiment will be described below as a second embodiment. The installation method of the second embodiment of the present invention includes a step D of attaching a structural member to the installation portion through which the penetrating object passes, a step E of drilling a hole in the structural member, and a step F of passing the penetrating object through the structural member and sealing the gap between the structural member and the penetrating object. Note that a description of the same points as in the installation method of the first embodiment will be omitted, and the following mainly describes the points that are different from the installation method of the first embodiment.

[0077] (Step D) In ​​step D, the component is attached to the installation portion through which the penetrating object passes. First, as shown in Figure 13, an installation portion 1A without an opening 11 and a component 2 are prepared. Note that the component is the same as that used in the construction method of the first embodiment, and therefore a description of the component will be omitted.

[0078] The installation section 1A without an opening may be the same as that of the first embodiment except that it does not have an opening. However, among the above, a surface material is preferable. By using a surface material, as will be described later, a penetrating object can easily pass through the installation section 1A. Furthermore, since the penetrating object 2 is the same as that used in the construction method of the first embodiment, a description of the penetrating object 2 will be omitted.

[0079] Next, as shown in Fig. 14, the component 2 is attached to the installation portion 1A. The method for attaching the component 2 to the installation portion 1A is the same as the installation method of the first embodiment, so a description of the method for attaching the component 2 to the installation portion 1A will be omitted. Depending on the hardness of the installation portion 1A, if the component 2 is attached to the entire surface of the installation portion 1A when it expands and contracts to seal, expansion and contraction may be suppressed. Therefore, the installation method for the component 2 is preferably such that the component 2 is attached with an adhesive applied to the edges thereof or the edges are secured with adhesive tape so that the penetrating object does not stick to the installation portion 1A.

[0080] (Step E) In step E, as shown in Fig. 15, holes 21 are drilled in the constituent body 2. In step E, holes may also be drilled in the installation portion 1A in addition to the constituent body 2. Note that step E is otherwise the same as step B of the construction method of the first embodiment, and therefore a description of step E will be omitted.

[0081] (Step F) In step F, as shown in Fig. 16, the penetrating object 5 is passed through the constituent body 2, and the gap between the constituent body 2 and the penetrating object 5 is sealed. As shown in Fig. 16, in step F, it is preferable that the penetrating object 5 is passed through the installation portion 1A as well as the constituent body 2. In other words, it is preferable that the installation portion 1A has a hole for passing the penetrating object 5. Step F is otherwise the same as step C of the construction method of the first embodiment, so a description of step F will be omitted.

[0082] As described above, in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the component 2 can easily seal gaps around the penetrating object with high workability. Furthermore, in this embodiment, even if the penetrating object 5 needs to penetrate a face material such as a heat insulating material and the face material cannot sufficiently seal the gap around the penetrating object 5, the provision of the component 2 can substantially close the gap in the face material. Furthermore, the provision of the component 2 makes it easier to place another member on the surface of the component 2, as shown in the modified example described below.

[0083] [Modifications] The construction method of the second embodiment of the present invention can be modified like the modification of the construction method of the first embodiment. Furthermore, the construction method of the second embodiment of the present invention can be modified as follows.

[0084] (Variation 1) When the installation portion is a compressible surface material such as a heat insulating material or soundproofing material, a box-shaped member such as a switch box may be pushed into the installation portion to be stored. In this case, as shown in FIG. 17 , a box-shaped member 7 may be pushed into an installation portion 1A to which a component 2 is attached, and the box-shaped member 7 may be stored in the installation portion 1A. In this variation, when the box-shaped member is pushed, the installation portion 1A is compressed and deformed, and the component 2 also recesses toward the installation portion 1A, forming a recess 1C, and the box-shaped member 7 may be stored in the recess 1C. Furthermore, as the penetrating object 5, for example, wiring or piping may be stored inside the box-shaped member 7 and installed so that the wiring or piping extends from the box-shaped member 7 to the outside. The penetrating object 5 arranged to extend may be arranged to penetrate the component 2 and the installation portion 1A, as described above. In this variation, the penetrating object 5 is a wiring or piping, but the box-shaped member 7 may also be placed inside a hole in the component 2, and the box-shaped member 7 may serve as the penetrating object.

[0085] The construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, the construction method of the second embodiment of the present invention, and their modified examples can be combined with each other as appropriate.

[0086] The construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, the construction method of the second embodiment of the present invention, and their variations are merely examples of the construction method of the present invention, and the construction method of the first embodiment of the present invention, the construction method of the second embodiment of the present invention, and their variations do not limit the construction method of the present invention.

[0087] In addition to the above-described embodiments, the present invention further discloses the following structures. <1> A structure comprising a first elastic layer and a second layer having lower elasticity than the first layer, wherein the second layer is a foam, the elongation at break in a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767 is 250% or more and 800% or less, and the maximum point stress in the tensile test is 2.1 MPa or more and 5.5 MPa or less. <2> The structure according to <1> above, wherein the first layer is a foam. <3> The structure according to <1> or <2> above, wherein the structure has one or more holes penetrating in the thickness direction. <4> The structure according to any one of <1> to <3> above, further comprising a third layer having higher elasticity than the second layer, wherein the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer. <5> The structure according to any one of <1> to <4> above, wherein an adhesive layer is disposed on one surface of the structure. <6> The structure according to any one of <1> to <5> above, wherein the foam contains an olefin-based thermoplastic resin. <7> The structure according to any one of <1> to <6> above, wherein the foam has a closed cell ratio of 70% or more. According to the structure, the structure is resistant to tearing while allowing easy insertion of a penetrating object, and the sealing properties can be improved. Details of the structure are as described above.

[0088] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples in any way.

[0089] The evaluation methods in this example are as follows. (Expansion Ratio of Layer Derived from Foamable Composition A and Layer Derived from Foamable Composition B) The expansion ratio can be calculated by dividing the density of the layer before foaming by the density (apparent density) of the layer after foaming. The apparent density can be measured in accordance with JIS K7222:2005. Note that each layer was cut from the foamable laminate sheet and the component using a slicer. Furthermore, if the foamable laminate sheet and the component were too soft and difficult to cut, the foamable laminate sheet and the component were immersed in liquid nitrogen to harden them before cutting.

[0090] (Thickness of Each Layer) A cross section of the construct was photographed using a digital microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation, product name VHX-900), and the thickness of each layer was measured from the photographed image.

[0091] (Elongation stress of each layer) Each layer was cut from the construct using a slicer. If the construct was too soft and difficult to cut, it was immersed in liquid nitrogen to harden it before cutting. The elongation stress of each layer was measured at a measurement temperature of 23°C by a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767. The load value when stretched 100 mm in the TD direction in the tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767 was taken as the elongation stress. The size of the measurement sample was 1 cm wide and 10 cm long. If the construct had holes, the measurement sample was taken while avoiding the holes.

[0092] (Thickness of Construct) The thickness of the central part of the construct was measured using a dial gauge.

[0093] (Elongation at break and maximum stress at maximum point of construct) The elongation at break and maximum stress at maximum point of construct were measured at a measurement temperature of 23°C by a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767. The elongation at break and maximum stress at maximum point of the construct were measured in the MD and TD directions of the construct, and the average value of the elongation at break in the MD and TD directions of the construct was taken as the elongation at break of the construct, and the average value of the maximum stress at maximum point in the MD and TD directions of the construct was taken as the maximum stress at maximum point of the construct. Measurement samples for the tensile test were collected as follows. The size of the measurement sample was 1 to 2 cm wide and 10 cm long. If the construct had holes, the measurement sample was collected while avoiding the holes. If the construct had an adhesive layer on the entire surface, the measurement sample was prepared by punching out the adhesive layer as well. If the adhesive layer was partially provided, such as in a frame shape, the measurement sample was punched out while avoiding the adhesive layer. However, if the adhesive layer could not be avoided, the measurement sample was punched out so that the area of ​​the adhesive layer was minimized. At this time, the adhesive layer was positioned as close to the end in the longitudinal direction as possible. Also, each layer was cut from the foam laminate sheet and the construct using a slicer. If the foam laminate sheet and the construct were too soft and difficult to cut, the foam laminate sheet and the construct were immersed in liquid nitrogen to harden them before cutting.

[0094] (Elongation at break of each layer) Each layer was cut from the construct using a slicer. If the construct was too soft and difficult to cut, the construct was immersed in liquid nitrogen to harden it before cutting. In addition, if the layers were bonded together with an adhesive, the adhesive was peeled off with a solvent to obtain each layer. Then, the elongation at break of each layer was measured in the same manner as the elongation at break of the construct.

[0095] (Airtightness Evaluation) As shown in FIG. 18( a), a hole 21B with a diameter of 3 mm was formed in the center of the component 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 18( b), a wire 40 with a diameter of 15 mm was passed through the hole 21B of the component 2. Next, as shown in FIG. 19, the component 2 with the wire 40 passed through the hole 21B was installed in an airtightness evaluation device 100. The airtightness evaluation device 100 includes ferrules 51 and 52 for fixing the component 2, a metal container 53, a pressure gauge 60 for measuring the pressure inside the metal container, and a compressor 70 for pressurizing the inside of the metal container. Then, as shown in FIG. 20, the inside of the metal container was pressurized using the compressor 70 until the pressure difference with atmospheric pressure became 100 Pa. After the metal container was capped and left for 1 minute, the pressure difference (P1 (Pa)) inside the metal container was measured, and the pressure decay rate was calculated using the following formula. Pressure attenuation rate (%) = (100 - P1) ÷ 100 × 100 If the airtightness of the component 2 is high, the amount of air leaking from between the component 2 and the wiring 40 will be small, and the pressure attenuation rate will be low. On the other hand, if the airtightness of the component 2 is low, the amount of air leaking from between the component 2 and the wiring 40 will be large, and the pressure attenuation rate will be high. In addition, the inside of the wiring 40 is tightly sealed, so air does not leak out from inside the wiring 40.

[0096] (Watertightness Evaluation) As shown in FIG. 22, a water tank 80 measuring 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm and having an open bottom 81, and a component 2 having a hole 21c with a diameter of 30 mm formed in the center were prepared. Then, as shown in FIGS. 23(a) and (b), the component 2 was attached to the bottom 51 of the water tank 80. Note that, as shown in FIG. 23(b), the portion of the component 2 protruding from the water tank 80 was attached to the side of the water tank 80. As shown in FIG. 24, a pipe 90 (manufactured by Mirai Industry Co., Ltd., product name Miraflex SS, part number MFS-36) with an outer diameter of 45.5 mm was passed through the hole 21C of the component 2. At this time, as shown in FIG. 25(a), the pipe 90 was passed from the bottom of the component 2 through the hole 21C of the component 2. In this case, the portion of the component 2 near the hole 21C is convex upward. As shown in FIG. 25( b), when the piping 90 was passed through the hole 21C of the component 2 from above, the portion of the component 2 near the hole 21C became convex downward. Next, a water-sensitive sheet 91 (manufactured by Paperless Manufacturing Co., Ltd., product name: Submersion and Wetness Detection Sticker, product number: 263) was wrapped around the portion of the piping 90 that protruded from the component 2. If a water leak occurred, the water-sensitive sheet 91 turned red due to the leaked water. This allowed for easy confirmation of the occurrence of a water leak. Then, water was poured into the water tank 80 with the piping 90 passed through the hole 21C of the component 2 so that the water level was 20 mm and 40 mm from the bottom of the water tank 80. Based on the coloring of the water-sensitive sheet 91, the presence or absence of water leakage from between the hole 21C of the component 2 and the piping 90 was observed, and the component 2 in the configuration shown in FIG. 25( a) was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The longer the time from when water is poured into the water tank 80 until water leakage occurs, the better the watertightness of the component 2. Also, the higher the water level, the higher the water pressure in the area between the hole 21C of the component 2 and the piping 90, making it more likely that water leakage will occur. <Evaluation criteria> A: No water leakage occurred within 7 days after water was poured into the water tank. B: Water leakage occurred between 24 hours and 7 days after water was poured into the water tank. C: Water leakage occurred less than 24 hours after water was poured into the water tank.

[0097] (Presence or absence of gaps) In the airtightness evaluation, after passing the wiring 40 through the hole 21B of the component 2, the area around the wiring in the component 2 was observed, and in the watertightness evaluation, after passing the piping 90 through the hole 21C of the component 2, the area around the piping in the component 2 was observed, and the presence or absence of gaps was evaluated according to the following criteria. <Evaluation criteria> A: When observed visually, there were no gaps around the wiring or piping in both the airtightness evaluation and the watertightness evaluation. B: When observed visually, there were gaps around the wiring or piping in at least one of the airtightness evaluation and the watertightness evaluation.

[0098] (Cracks in the component) In the airtightness evaluation, after passing the wiring 40 through the hole 21B in the component 2, the area around the wiring in the component 2 was observed, and in the watertightness evaluation, after passing the piping 90 through the hole 21C in the component 2, the area around the piping in the component 2 was observed, and cracks in the component were evaluated according to the following criteria. <Evaluation criteria> A: When observed visually, there was no crack in the component in both the airtightness evaluation and the watertightness evaluation. B: When observed visually, there was a crack in the component in at least one of the airtightness evaluation and the watertightness evaluation.

[0099] (Punctureability) When passing the wiring 40 through the hole 21B of the component 2 in the airtightness evaluation, and when passing the piping 90 through the hole 21C of the component 2 in the watertightness evaluation, puncture resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria. <Evaluation criteria> A: Easily punctured. B: There was some resistance when puncturing, but puncture was possible. C: Cannot be punctured.

[0100] The components of the foamable sheets used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows: Polyethylene resin 1: Linear low-density polyethylene (m-LLDPE) produced using a metallocene catalyst (trade name "Kernel KF283" manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Co., Ltd., density: 0.921 g / cm ３) ・Polyethylene resin 2: Linear low-density polyethylene resin (LLDPE) (product name "Ultzex ​​2022D" manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.) ・Polyethylene resin 3: Low-density polyethylene resin (LDPE) (product name "Novatec LF-411" manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) ・Ethylene vinyl acetate resin: EVA (product name "Evaflex 460-H" manufactured by Mitsui Dow Polychemicals Co., Ltd.) ・PE modifier: Si-grafted polyethylene (product name "Exfora" manufactured by Mitsui Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.) ・α-olefin copolymer: α-olefin copolymer (product name "Absortomer" manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) ・Elastomer resin: Styrene-based elastomer (product name "Hybrar 7311F" manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) ・Pyrolytic foaming agent: Azodicarbonamide ・Decomposition temperature adjuster: Zinc oxide, product name "OW-212F" manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Antioxidant: phenolic antioxidant, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol

[0101] Example 1 30 parts by mass of polyethylene resin 2, 70 parts by mass of ethylene vinyl acetate resin, 6 parts by mass of a thermally decomposable foaming agent, 1.2 parts by mass of a decomposition temperature regulator, and 0.6 parts by mass of an antioxidant were fed into an extruder and melt-kneaded at 130°C to produce foamable composition A. Foamable composition A was then extrusion-molded to produce foamable sheet A. Next, foamable sheet A was crosslinked by irradiating it with an electron beam at an acceleration voltage of 500 kV for 2.5 Mrad, and then continuously fed into a foaming furnace maintained at 250°C by hot air and an infrared heater, where it was heated, to foam foamed sheet A to produce a foamed product A having a thickness of 1.0 mm and closed cells.

[0102] 100 parts by mass of polyethylene resin 1, 3.5 parts by mass of a thermally decomposable foaming agent, 1 part by mass of a decomposition temperature regulator, and 0.5 parts by mass of an antioxidant were fed to an extruder and melt-kneaded at 130°C to produce foamable composition B. Foamable composition B was then extrusion-molded to produce foamable sheet B. Next, foamable sheet B was crosslinked by irradiating it with an electron beam at an acceleration voltage of 500 kV for 2.5 Mrad, and then continuously fed into a foaming furnace maintained at 250°C by hot air and an infrared heater, where it was heated to foam foamed sheet B to obtain a foam sheet B having a thickness of 0.2 mm.

[0103] Next, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive was applied to foam sheet A to a thickness of 0.03 mm, and foam sheet B was attached to both sides of foam sheet A, followed by lamination in the order foam sheet B / foam sheet A / foam sheet B to obtain a laminate. Next, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive was applied to one side of the obtained laminate in a frame-like shape to a thickness of 0.07 mm, to obtain the structure of Example 1.

[0104] Example 2 A structure of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that an acrylic adhesive was applied to the entire surface of one side of the obtained laminate to a thickness of 0.07 mm.

[0105] Example 3 First to third extruders were prepared. 100 parts by mass of polyethylene-based resin 1, 5 parts by mass of a thermally decomposable foaming agent, 1 part by mass of a decomposition temperature regulator, and 0.5 parts by mass of an antioxidant were supplied to the second extruder and melt-kneaded at 130°C to produce a foamable composition A. Next, 100 parts by mass of polyethylene-based resin 1, 3 parts by mass of a thermally decomposable foaming agent, 1 part by mass of a decomposition temperature regulator, and 0.5 parts by mass of an antioxidant were supplied to the first and third extruders, respectively, and melt-kneaded at 130°C to produce a foamable composition B in each of the first and third extruders. Foamable composition A was co-extruded from the second extruder, and foamable composition B was co-extruded from the first and third extruders, respectively, to produce a foamable laminate sheet comprising a layer composed of foamable composition A and layers composed of foamable composition B laminated on both sides of the layer. Next, the multilayer laminate sheet was crosslinked by irradiating it with 2.5 Mrad of an electron beam at an acceleration voltage of 500 kV, and then heated and foamed by continuously feeding it into a foaming furnace maintained at 250°C by hot air and an infrared heater, thereby obtaining a foam sheet having a thickness of 1.4 mm and having a layer derived from foamable composition B / a layer derived from foamable composition A / a layer derived from foamable composition B in this order. Next, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive was applied to one side of the obtained foam sheet in a thickness of 0.07 mm in a frame-like shape, thereby obtaining a structure of Example 3.

[0106] Example 4 A structure of Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the composition of foam composition A was changed as shown in Table 1.

[0107] Examples 5 to 7 Constructs of Examples 5 to 7 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the formulations of foam compositions A and B were changed as shown in Table 1.

[0108] Comparative Example 1 A foam sheet A was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. An acrylic adhesive was applied to one surface of this foam sheet A in a frame shape with a thickness of 0.07 mm, to obtain a structure of Comparative Example 1.

[0109] Comparative Example 2 A foam sheet A was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. An acrylic adhesive was applied to the entire surface of one side of this foam sheet A to a thickness of 0.07 mm, thereby obtaining a structure of Comparative Example 2.

[0110] Comparative Examples 3 to 7 Constructs of Comparative Examples 3 to 7 were obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the formulation of the foamable composition A was changed as shown in Table 1.

[0111] Comparative Example 8 A structure of Comparative Example 8 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the formulation of the foamable composition A was changed as shown in Table 1.

[0112] Comparative Example 9 A structure of Comparative Example 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 8, except that one surface of the foam sheet A was entirely coated with an acrylic adhesive to a thickness of 0.14 mm.

[0113] Comparative Example 10 A structure of Comparative Example 10 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the formulation of the foamable composition A was changed as shown in Table 1.

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] The structures of Examples 1 to 7 had a stretchable first layer and a second layer with lower stretchability than the first layer, and therefore had better airtightness and watertightness ratings than the structures of Comparative Examples 1 to 10.

[0117] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A Installation portion 2, 2A, 2B Constituent body 2a First layer 2b Second layer 2c Third layer 4 Cutter 5 Penetrating object 6 Filler 7 Box-shaped member 11 Opening 21 Hole (cut) 21A Notch 21B, 21C Hole 22 Portion of constituent body through which penetrating object penetrates 23 Crack 40 Wiring 51, 52 Ferrule 53 Metal container 60 Pressure gauge 70 Compressor 80 Water tank 90 Piping 91 Water-sensitive sheet 100 Airtightness evaluation device

Claims

A first step of attaching the structure to the installation portion; and a second step of passing a penetrating object through the structure and sealing a gap between the structure and the penetrating object; The construction comprises a first layer that is stretchable and a second layer that is less stretchable than the first layer.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer are each at least one of a foam, a rubber sheet, and a resin sheet.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer is a foam.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein both the first layer and the second layer are foam. 　 the construct further comprises a third layer having greater elasticity than the second layer; 3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the second layer is provided between the first layer and the third layer.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the structure has a breaking elongation of 250% or more in a tensile test in accordance with JIS K6767. 　 The construction method according to claim 6, wherein the maximum point stress of the structure in the tensile test is 2.1 MPa or more and 6.0 MPa or less.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the second step comprises sliding the penetrating object that has penetrated the structural body to further move the penetrating object to a target position. 　 The construction method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a third step of drilling holes in the structure attached to the installation portion before or after the second step. 　 The construction method according to claim 9, wherein the inner diameter of the hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the penetrating object.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the first step comprises attaching the structure to the installation portion using an adhesive applied to the entire surface or a portion of one side of the structure, or using double-sided adhesive tape attached to the entire surface or a portion of one side of the structure.

3. The construction method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a fourth step, after the second step, of further sealing the boundary between the structure and the penetration with a filler material. 　 The construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the installation portion has an opening, and the component is attached to the installation portion so as to close the opening. 　 The construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the installation portion is a surface material, and in the second step, the penetrating object is caused to penetrate the surface material and the structural body.

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