Downhole dual temperature sensing system

Abstract

A temperature sensing device for use with a tubular in a wellbore includes a housing configured to mount to an outer surface of the tubular, the housing having a first sensor port and a second sensor port. The temperature sensing device includes a first sensor positioned in the first sensor port and positioned in an annular space around the tubular such that the first sensor directly contacts a flow of an annular fluid flowing in the annular space. The temperature sensing device also includes a second sensor positioned in the second sensor port and positioned flush with an inner surface of the tubular to directly contact a flow of a tubing fluid within the tubular without disrupting the flow of the tubing fluid.

Description

DOWNHOLE DUAL TEMPERATURE SENSING SYSTEMCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to and the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 672,569, filed July 17, 2024, entitled “DOWNHOLE INTERFACE FOR A ROBOT;” United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 672,352, filed July 17, 2024, entitled “THERMAL BARRIER FOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR,” and United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 672,871, filed July 18, 2024, entitled “HEAT INSULATING SEAL,” and United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 679,236, filed August 5, 2024, entitled “TEMPERATURE ACTIVATED METAL SEAL” the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Wellbores may be drilled into a surface location or seabed for a variety of exploratory or extraction purposes. For example, a wellbore may be drilled to access fluids, such as liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, stored in subterranean formations and to extract the fluids from the formations. Wellbores used to produce or extract fluids may be formed in earthen formations using earth-boring tools such as drill bits for drilling wellbores and reamers for enlarging the diameters of wellbores.

[0003] Downhole wellbore environments, such as production systems, can typically include a tubing fluid flowing through the inner bore of a tubular string and an annular fluid circulating in the annular space between the tubular and the surrounding casing or open wellbore. These fluids may have different compositions, flow regimes, and thermal properties, creating temperature gradients along and / or across the wellbore. Accurately measuring the temperatures of both the tubing fluid and the annular fluid at the same axial depth can be advantageous, such as for providing valuable insight into wellbore conditions, thermal behavior, and / or fluid interactions at specific locations. Such localized, depth- matched measurements can enhance monitoring of downhole processes, improve control of thermal treatments or production strategies, and support assessment of well integrity by identifying abnormal temperature profiles or gradients that may indicate leaks, inefficiencies, or other issues.SUMMARY

[0004] In some embodiments, a temperature sensing device for use with a tubular in a wellbore includes a housing configured to mount to an outer surface of the tubular, the housing having a first sensor port and a second sensor port. The temperature sensing device includes a first sensor positioned in the first sensor port and positioned in an annular space around the tubular such that the first sensor directly contacts a flow of an annular fluid flowing in the annular space. The temperature sensing device also includes a second sensor positioned in the second sensor port and positioned flush with an inner surface of the tubular to directly contact a flow of a tubing fluid within the tubular without disrupting the flow of the tubing fluid.

[0005] In some embodiments, a temperature sensing system for implementing in a downhole environment includes a tubular having an inner bore defined by an inner surface for flowing a tubing fluid therethrough, the tubular being positionable in a wellbore such that an annular fluid flows through an annular space around the tubular. The temperature sensing system includes a housing mounted to an outer surface of the tubular, the housing having a first sensor port and a second sensor port. A first temperature sensor is coupled to the first sensor port and positioned in the annular space to directly contact a flow of the annular fluid in the annular space. A second temperature sensor is coupled to the second sensor port and positioned flush with the inner surface of the tubular to directly contact a flow of the tubing fluid flowing through the inner bore without disrupting the flow of the tubing fluid.

[0006] In some embodiments, a temperature-activated seal for sealing a sealing interface in a downhole environment includes a deformable seal body configured to engage sealing surfaces of the sealing interface, wherein the deformable seal body is deformable in a sealing direction and a temperature-activated core positioned within the deformable seal body, the temperature-activated core comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA) that deforms at an activation temperature to apply a sealing force through the deformable seal body against the sealing surfaces of the sealing interface.

[0007] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter. Additional features and aspects of embodiments of the disclosure will be set forth herein, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of such embodiments.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. For better understanding, the like elements have been designated by like reference numbers throughout the various accompanying figures. While some of the drawings may be schematic or exaggerated representations of concepts, at least some of the drawings may be drawn to scale. Understanding that the drawings depict some example embodiments, the embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic downhole, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0010] FIGS. 2-1 through 2-4 illustrate various views of a temperature sensing system configured for installation on a tubular in a downhole wellbore environment, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a housing configured for installation on a tubular in a downhole wellbore environment, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIGS. 4-1 through 4-4 illustrate various views of a temperature sensing system, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIGS. 5-1 through 5-3 illustrate schematic cross-sectional views of temperature sensing systems, according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIGS. 6-1 and 6-2 schematically illustrate the effect of thermal isolation techniques described herein, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic view of a temperature sensing system, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIGS. 8-1 and 8-2 illustrate an embodiment of a temperature isolation seal, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIGS. 9-1 and 9-2 illustrate an embodiment of a temperature isolation seal, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2 illustrate an embodiment of a temperature isolation seal, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic view of a temperature-activated seal, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0020] FIGS. 12-1 through 12-4 illustrate embodiments of temperature activated seals, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] This disclosure generally relates to systems and devices for downhole temperature measurement in wellbore environments such as in downhole drilling applications, deepsea mining applications, and others. More particularly, the present disclosure provides a dual-sensor temperature sensing device configured to directly and simultaneously measure fluid temperatures within both the tubing and the annular space of a wellbore. The embodiments described herein enable accurate, localized temperature readings from within both flow regimes while maintaining flow integrity and reducing thermal interference between zones. These embodiments may be particularly beneficial for monitoring well conditions, detecting thermal gradients, and / or improving temperaturebased process control in downhole applications.

[0022] In some instances, conventional downhole temperature sensing systems can struggle with interference, inaccuracy, and / or implementation limitations. For example, sensors recessed into housing cavities may be exposed to stagnant fluid or flow eddies rather than the main flow path, leading to skewed, lagging, or otherwise inaccurate readings. In other instances, exposing sensors directly to the flow by extending them into the flow can result in sensor damage, erosion, and / or disruption of the flow regime itself. Moreover, existing tools may typically face challenges with co-locating annular and tubingtemperature measurements at a common reference depth, limiting their ability to capture real-time measurements of multiple fluids across the wellbore cross-section.

[0023] In some embodiments, the devices and systems described herein include a housing mounted to the exterior of a production tubular and configured to receive a first temperature sensor exposed to annular fluid and a second temperature sensor mounted flush with the inner bore of the tubular to contact a tubing fluid inside an interior of the tubing directly. The configuration of the sensors in this way may facilitate directly measuring temperature of a primary flow of both fluids while additionally mitigating disruption to the flows. The proximity and alignment of the two sensors at a common depth also enables synchronized, in-situ measurement of thermal conditions across both zones.

[0024] In certain embodiments, the system further incorporates a thermal isolation element to reduce conduction between the tubing and annular regions, thereby allowing each sensor to more accurately reflect the temperature of the fluid it contacts. Additional embodiments include sealing devices that combine sealing components with integrated thermal insulation. Some embodiments incorporate temperature-activated sealing mechanisms based on shape memory alloy materials. These temperature-activated sealing designs allow for controlled activation at a desired temperature, enabling clean assembly, long-term reliability, and robust sealing in demanding downhole environments.

[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic downhole environment 100, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. A wellbore 102 may extend into a subterranean formation. The wellbore may include a casing 103, or may be an open (e.g., uncased) wellbore. A tubular 104 (e.g., production tubing) is disposed within the wellbore 102 to define an annular space 106 between the outer surface of the tubular 104 and the casing 103 (or open wellbore). During operation, a tubing fluid 108 flows through an inner bore of the tubular 104, while an annular fluid 110 flows through the annular space 106. In some embodiments, the tubing fluid 108 may include produced fluids, injection fluids, or other flowback materials, and the annular fluid 110 may include drilling fluid, completion fluid, or other wellbore treatment fluids.

[0026] Positioned along the tubular 104 is a temperature sensing system 112 configured to directly measure the temperature of both the tubing fluid 108 and the annular fluid 110. As shown, the temperature sensing system 112 includes a first temperaturesensor 114 positioned on the outer surface of the tubular 104 and a second temperature sensor 116 positioned within the inner bore of the tubular 104. In some embodiments as described herein, the first temperature sensor 114 is located in the annular space 106 and oriented to directly contact the flow of annular fluid 110, and the second temperature sensor 116 is installed flush with the inner surface of the tubular 104 so that it directly contacts the tubing fluid 108 flowing through the inner bore.

[0027] As shown schematically, both the first temperature sensor 114 and the second temperature sensor 116 are positioned at a common longitudinal depth (e g., measurement depth (MD)) along the tubular 104 to enable temperature measurements from both flow regimes at the same measurement location. In some embodiments, the first temperature sensor 114 and the second temperature sensor 116 are mounted within a shared housing 120 that is configured to penetrate through the tubular wall as well as sit within a recessed channel formed along the outer surface of the tubular 104. In some embodiments, the first temperature sensor 114 and the second temperature sensor 116 may be coupled to and / or mounted within a common housing or structural assembly to facilitate installation, protect the sensing elements, and / or provide reliable electrical connectivity. By co-locating both sensors at the same axial depth, the sensing system 112 enables more accurate comparison and interpretation of thermal conditions across a discrete wellbore cross-section.

[0028] In some instances, a sensor positioned within a recessed cavity of the tubular wall may contact fluid that is stagnant, trapped, or recirculating within the pocket rather than fluid moving within the primary flow path. As a result, a reading from such as sensor may not represent the actual temperature of the tubing fluid or annular fluid, but rather a localized, possibly non-representative condition. Moreover, probe-type sensors that protrude into the primary flow can be susceptible to erosion, impact damage, and flow disruption, particularly in environments carrying solids or experiencing high velocities.

[0029] In some embodiments, the second temperature sensor 116 is positioned flush with the inner surface of the tubular 104, allowing direct thermal contact with the tubing fluid 108 as it flows past the sensor without disturbing the flow regime. This may reduce the likelihood of the formation of stagnant, trapped, or recirculating fluid, enabling more accurate and representative temperature measurements of the primary fluid flow. In some embodiments, the first temperature sensor 114 may be positioned on the exterior of thetubular 104 within a recessed channel formed along the outer surface of the tubular 104. In some embodiments, the channel and sensor housing are configured such that the sensor housing sits below the outer profile of the tubular so as not to protrude into the annular space 106 or disrupt the flow of annular fluid 110. In this way, the housing may remain protected from impact or erosion and may allow the first temperature sensor 114 to interact with the annular fluid without altering its flow path. Together, the flush positioning of the second temperature sensor 116 and the recessed configuration of the housing for the first temperature sensor 114 enable direct contact with their respective fluids while minimizing flow disruption and mechanical exposure.

[0030] FIGS. 2-1 through 2-4 illustrate various views of a temperature sensing system 200 configured for installation on a tubular 204 in a downhole wellbore environment, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2-1 illustrates a first perspective view of the housing 220. FIG. 2-2 illustrates a partial cutaway of a second perspective view of the housing 220, viewed from below. FIG. 2-3 shows a perspective view of the housing 220 mounted within a channel 228 formed along the outer surface of a tubular 204. FIG. 2-4 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view through the tubular 204 and housing 220.

[0031] In some embodiments, the housing 220 is generally constructed as a trihedralshaped, or 3 -way T-shaped, body. In some embodiments, the housing 220 may be formed in an offset-T configuration, such as that shown in FIG. 3. The housing 220 includes a first sensor port 222 configured to receive and retain a temperature sensor designed for exposure to annular fluid. The housing 220 includes a second sensor port 224 adapted to hold a temperature sensor for the tubing fluid, positioned such that it can penetrate a wall of the tubular 204. The housing 220 may be configured with a conduit 226 extending from the housing body to accommodate electrical wiring for both sensors (e.g., for connecting to a larger conduit extending along the tubular 204). In some embodiments, the conduit 226 is connected to both ends of the housing 220, allowing electrical wiring to continue through the housing and along the tubular 204 in either direction, which facilitates flexible routing of wiring, allows connection to monitoring equipment from either side, and can provide redundancy or ease of maintenance.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 2-3, in some embodiments, the first sensor port 222 may have a longitudinal dimension that lies along the outer surface of the tubular 204, such as tangent to the tubular 204, axially aligned with the tubular 204, or at some angle between tangent and axially aligned. The first sensor port 222 lying flat in this way may facilitate the first sensor port 222 being disposed below an outer exposure or outer diameter of the tubular 204 within the channel 228. In some embodiments, the first sensor port 222 is angled tangent to the tubular diameter in order that an associated temperature sensor is positioned such that the annular fluid flows past the sensor in an aligned direction (e.g., aligned to a diaphragm or membrane of the sensor). This may facilitate a more accurate measurement and / or less disturbance of the flow.

[0033] In some embodiments, the second sensor port 224 is positioned extending downward into and / or at least partially through the tubular 204. For instance, the first sensor port 222 and the second sensor port 224 may be normal or angled 90° from one another (or other transverse angle). This orientation may facilitate the second sensor port 224 extending to an inner surface of the tubular 204, for instance, to position an associated sensor flush with the inner surface. In some embodiments, the housing 220 also includes a mounting plate 230 that lies flush against the tubular 204 and interfaces with the channel 228. The housing 220 may be secured using fasteners engaging the mounting plate 230, welding, clamping, adhesive, or combinations thereof.

[0034] The housing 220 provides mechanical stability and spatial separation between sensor ports and the conduit while maintaining a compact form factor for installation within the channel 228 of the tubular 204. The housing 220 also reduces internal dead space which may be limited in compact, downhole environments. In various embodiments, the housing 220 may be constructed from corrosion-resistant and thermally stable materials, such as stainless steel, titanium, or other metals. In some embodiments, the housing 220 is made of a polymer such as polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), or other polymers, composites, or any other material suitable for downhole deployment.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 2-3, the housing 220 (e.g., including the conduit 226) may be installed within the channel 228 machined or formed along the outer surface of the tubular 204. The channel 228 allows the housing 220 to sit recessed below the nominal outer diameter of the tubular 204. This recessed mounting reduces the risk of mechanical impactor erosion damage to the housing 220 and sensors while reducing disruption of annular fluid flow around the tubular 204. The channel 228 and housing 220 geometry are designed to maintain a smooth exterior profde, preventing flow-induced turbulence or pressure losses in the annular space. The conduit 226 may also be routed along the tubular 204 within the channel 228 or another recess, conduit path, or structural feature integrated into the tubular 204.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 2-2, a first temperature sensor 214 is coupled to and / or positioned within the first sensor port 222 and a second temperature sensor 216 is coupled to and / or positioned within the second sensor port 224. The first temperature sensor 214 may be an annular temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of an annular fluid. The second temperature sensor 216 may be a tubular temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of a tubular fluid. The first temperature sensor 214 may be seated and oriented radially outward, allowing direct contact with the annular fluid when installed in the tubular 204. The second temperature sensor 216 extends through the base of the housing 220 and is configured to penetrate the wall of the tubular 204 to be positioned flush with the inner bore surface. In some embodiments, the first temperature sensor 214 and second temperature sensor 216 may include thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), fiber optic sensors, or other temperature-sensing elements capable of operating under high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) wellbore conditions. The internal wiring from both sensors is routed securely into the conduit 226, which protects the electrical connections from mechanical damage, corrosion, and environmental exposure. In a particular embodiment, the second temperature sensor 216 may be a membrane or diaphragm -type sensor, which may have a membrane across which temperature may be measured for a contacting fluid. The membrane may be metal, polymer, or other material. The first temperature sensor 214 may also be a membrane sensor. For instance, a thermocouple (or other temperature-sensing device) may be coupled to the membrane and may measure the temperature of the flowing fluid at or by the membrane.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 2-4, the second temperature sensor 216, via the second sensor port 224, may extend through a port, hole, or opening formed in the wall of the tubular 204 such that the second temperature sensor 216 is flush with an inner surface 232 or inner diameter of the tubular 204. For instance, the second temperature sensor 216 may beconsidered flush when its surface is substantially even with, aligned to, or generally conforms to the curvature of the inner surface of the tubular 204 (e.g., despite being a flat surface that is not entirely flush with the curved inner surface of the tubular 204). In some embodiments, the second temperature sensor 216 may be flat or even slightly contoured to be flush with the inner surface of the tubular 204. The second temperature sensor 216 may be flush when a perimeter or circumference of the sensor is flush with the inner surface 232 at one or more locations, while other portions of the sensor may not be entirely flush. In this way, the second temperature sensor 216 may be flush to the inner surface 232 based on being substantially flush, or as flush as possible, despite the differences between a flat (sensor) surface and a curved (inner diameter) surface.

[0038] This flush configuration allows for direct thermal contact with the flowing tubing fluid, facilitating accurate, real-time temperature measurements without disturbing or redirecting the flow. This flush configuration also avoids stagnant fluid pockets, eddy currents, and erosion that may occur with recessed sensors, and protects the sensor from debris and mechanical damage that can affect protruding sensors. Simultaneously, the first temperature sensor 214 may be exposed to the annular space, positioned within the housing 220 and channel 228 so that it lies beneath the outer profile of the tubular 204. This flush (e.g., second temperature sensor 216) and recessed (e.g., first temperature sensor 214) configuration allows the sensor 214 to interact with the tubing fluid and the annular fluid at the same measurement depth, with a reduced or minimal disruption to the respective flows. Having both sensors integrated into a single housing at a common axial depth may facilitate synchronized and correlated measurements while reducing the number of components exposed to the wellbore environment.

[0039] In this way, the temperature sensing system 200 enables co-located, high- fidelity temperature measurements of both tubing fluid and annular fluid at a shared axial location along the tubular 204. The housing 220 and recessed mounting reduce vulnerability to erosion and impact while preserving flow integrity in both fluid domains. Moreover, the flush and recessed-channel configurations facilitate the sensors receiving representative temperature data from the primary flow, rather than from eddies, stagnant zones, or thermally conductive pathways. For instance, unlike other systems that measure approximate temperatures of stagnant or derived fluid in pockets or bypass paths, thetemperature sensing system 200 directly measures the temperature of the active flow streams in both the tubular and annulus for improved accuracy. Having both sensors integrated within a single housing also simplifies installation, reduces the number of separate components exposed to the downhole environment, and ensures reliable correlation between the tubing and annular measurements by maintaining the sensors at substantially the same axial depth

[0040] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a housing 320 configured for installation on a tubular in a downhole wellbore environment, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Housing 320 may be substantially similar to the housing 220 as shown and described in connection with FIGS. 2-1 to 2-4. For instance, the housing 320 includes a first sensor port 322, a second sensor port 324, and a conduit 326 extending from opposing ends of the housing 320 to route electrical wiring.

[0041] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the housing 320 is constructed in an offset-T configuration, as opposed to the symmetric trihedron shape or T-shape of housing 220. In this arrangement, the first sensor port 322 and the second sensor port 324 are positioned asymmetrically in the housing 320. This offset orientation may be illustrative of various configurations of the housings as described herein for implementing in different geometrically constrained applications. For instance, the first sensor port 322 and the second sensor port 324, while not precisely located at the same longitudinal location in this (and other potential) configurations, may nevertheless be at substantially the same measurement depth so as to provide accurate and true co-locating measurements of tubing and annular fluids, but also facilitating alternative embodiments and / or applications where geometric constraints may not allow for strict symmetrical collocating of the sensors.

[0042] Other than the offset arrangement of the sensor ports, the housing 320 may retain the same functional and structural features described for housing 220. For example, both the first sensor port 322 and the second sensor port 324 are configured to position temperature sensors in flush or recessed configurations relative to the tubing and annular flows, respectively, and the conduit 326 protects internal wiring while providing electrical connectivity. As with the embodiments described in connection with FIGS. 2-1 through 2- 4, the housing 320 is mounted below the outer diameter of the tubular, constructed ofcorrosion-resistant, downhole-compatible materials, and provides co-located temperature measurements at a common axial depth.

[0043] FIGS. 4-1 through 4-4 illustrate various views of a temperature sensing system 400, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4-1 illustrates a perspective view of a housing 420 installed within a channel 428 along the outer surface of a tubular 404. FIG. 4-2 shows a partial cutaway perspective view of the interior of housing 420. FIG. 4-3 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of the tubular 404 and housing 420 at an inlet flow line 434, and FIG. 4-4 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of the tubular 404 and housing 420 at a return flow line 436.

[0044] In the embodiment of FIGS. 4-1 through 4-4, housing 420 may be substantially T shaped and may be connected to a conduit 426. The housing 420 includes a first arm that extends as the first sensor port 422, configured to position the first temperature sensor 414 in the annular fluid, and a second arm that extends as the second sensor port 424, configured to house the second temperature sensor 416. The conduit 426 extends along the tubular 404 for routing electrical wiring.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 4-1, housing 420 is installed within the channel 428 so as to sit below the nominal outer diameter of the tubular 404, thereby minimizing disruption of annular fluid flow and protecting the housing from mechanical damage. In this embodiment, rather than penetrating directly through the tubular wall, the second sensor port 424 is also positioned in the channel 428. For instance, a bypass system formed in the housing 420 and / or the tubular 404 may provide a representative derived flow of the tubular fluid to the second temperature sensor 416. For instance, an inlet flow line 434 and a return flow line 436 are formed through the wall of the tubular 404 to divert a portion of the tubing fluid through the housing 420, to the second temperature sensor 416, and back into the tubular 404. These flow lines may be angled or oriented to align with the primary tubing flow, which promotes continuous bypass flow, minimizes stagnation zones and eddy currents within the housing, and maintains a representative flow rate across the second temperature sensor 416

[0046] The second temperature sensor 416 is positioned within the second sensor port 424 along the bypass flow path between the inlet flow line 434 and the return flow line 436. The bypass flow path ensures that the second temperature sensor 416 is exposed totubing fluid representative of the primary flow in the tubular 404 while avoiding the need for direct penetration or protrusion of the second temperature sensor 416 into the bore of the tubular 404. The inlet flow line 434 and return flow line 436 are designed to minimize stagnation and dead zones and to facilitate continuous flow through the housing 420, which helps ensure accurate, true, and timely measurement of the tubing fluid temperature at substantially the same depth as the annular fluid measurement. The conduit 426 protects internal wiring, and the housing 420 is constructed of corrosion-resistant and thermally stable materials as described earlier. In this way, housing 420 provides an alternative configuration of the temperature sensing system, maintaining the benefits of co-located, high-fidelity measurement of tubing and annular fluids at a common depth while offering flexibility in applications where direct bore penetration may not be desired. This integrated configuration further facilitates efficient installation and accurate, depth-matched measurements of both flow streams in a compact and robust assembly

[0047] FIGS. 5-1 through 5-3 illustrate schematic cross-sectional views of temperature sensing systems 500-1, 500-2, and 500-3, respectively, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, the temperature sensing systems (collectively, 500) implement a thermal isolation element positioned between the tubular and a tubular temperature sensor to improve measurement fidelity. The temperature sensing systems 500 are illustrated with respect to a housing 520 positioned on a tubular 504, which may correspond to any of the housing(s) and / or tubular(s) described herein. The housing 520 includes a second sensor port 524 with a second temperature sensor 516 positioned therein and extending through the tubular 504 to an inner surface of the tubular 504, as described in one or more embodiments herein.

[0048] Turning to FIG. 5-1, a thermal isolation element 540-1 is positioned around the second sensor port 524. The thermal isolation element 540-1 may reduce conductive heat transfer to the second temperature sensor 516, for example, from the tubular 504. In some embodiments, an annular fluid flowing in an annular space around the tubular 504 may be substantially hotter than a tubular fluid flowing within the tubular 504, and the annular fluid may tend to heat the tubular 504. This heat transfer from the annular fluid can be problematic because it may cause the second temperature sensor 516 to measure an elevated temperature that does not accurately reflect the true temperature of the tubingfluid, instead reflecting heat conducted through the tubular wall. To mitigate this, the thermal isolation element 540-1 reduces the conductive pathway between the annulus-heated tubular 504 and the second temperature sensor 516, thereby improving the accuracy and response of the temperature measurement in the tubing fluid. This effect is further illustrated in FIGS. 6-1 and 6-2.

[0049] The thermal isolation elements described herein may be implemented as a ring, washer, sleeve, or other insert positioned in a corresponding pocket or recess of the tubular 504 around the second sensor port 524. In other embodiments, thermal isolation elements may be implemented in or as part of the second sensor port 524 itself (e.g., part of the housing 520). In the embodiment of FIG. 5-1, the thermal isolation element 540-1 is implemented using a temperature insulating material selected for low thermal conductivity and stability under downhole conditions. For example, the thermal isolation element 540-1 may include a thermally insulating material such as PEEK, ceramic, glass-filled polymer, or similar materials. This material serves to thermally decouple the second temperature sensor 516 from heat conducted through the tubular 504 from the annular environment, while maintaining mechanical integrity.

[0050] In FIG. 5-2, a thermal isolation element 540-2 comprises a void or cavity surrounding the second sensor port 524. In this embodiment, the thermal isolation element 540-2 may be a sealed air gap, vacuum chamber, or vacuum cavity formed around the second temperature sensor 516 to minimize thermal conduction between the annular environment and the second temperature sensor 516. The cavity may fully or partially encircle the sensor port 524 and may be fabricated as part of the housing 520, the tubular 504, or a combination thereof. This low-conductivity gap isolates the second temperature sensor 516 and can be tailored to the desired level of thermal isolation depending on the application.

[0051] In FIG. 5-3, a thermal isolation element 540-3 is filled with a temperature insulating liquid or gas having known and desirable thermal properties. For instance, this confined medium may include liquids such as silicone oil, mineral oil, synthetic heat-transfer oil, or thermally resistive gels. The confined medium may include gases such as nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, or another inert or low-conductivity gas. The confined medium may include a combination of a liquid and a gas. The region surrounding thesecond sensor port 524 may be filled with the selected medium, sealed within a pocket or chamber to prevent leakage or contamination. In some embodiments, the three techniques of FIG. 5-1 to 5-3 may be combined in any manner and in any combination to produce a hybrid thermal isolation element having one or more of the characteristics of the thermal isolation elements 540-1, 540-2, and / or 540-3 described herein.

[0052] In this way, the thermal isolation elements 540-1, 540-2, and 540-3, whether implemented individually or in combination, thermally decouple the second temperature sensor 516 from heat conducted through the tubular 504 from the annular environment. This isolation reduces the influence of the hotter annular fluid and the thermal inertia of the surrounding tubular structure on the measurement taken by the second temperature sensor 516, thereby enabling the sensor to more quickly and accurately reflect the true temperature of the tubing fluid flowing past it. By minimizing thermal conduction and isolating the sensor from external heat sources, the system improves measurement fidelity, reduces response lag, and ensures that the temperature reading corresponds closely to the dynamic conditions of the tubing fluid itself rather than the accumulated heat in the tubular wall. This capability is especially important in downhole environments where thermal gradients and rapid temperature changes can occur, and where precise, real-time monitoring of the tubing fluid temperature is critical for process control and wellbore integrity.

[0053] FIGS. 6-1 and 6-2 schematically illustrate the effect of thermal isolation techniques described herein, such as the thermal isolation element(s) described above with respect to FIGS. 5-1 through 5-3, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 6-1 shows a temperature profde of the tubing sensor measurement without any thermal isolation element, while FIG. 6-2 shows the temperature profde with a thermal isolation element implemented. In each figure, a hotter annular temperature is shown originating from an annular space around a tubular and penetrating downward through the tubular to the tubular temperature sensor.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 6-1, without thermal isolation, the tubular temperature sensor may observe and record a temperature influenced by heat conducted from the annular fluid through the tubular wall, resulting in an elevated, inaccurate reading and increased thermal inertia. In contrast, FIG. 6-2 illustrates how a thermal isolation element (e g., 540-1,540-2, 540-3, and / or other thermal isolation techniques described herein) mitigates this effect, decoupling the sensor from the heated tubular wall and enabling it to more closely and rapidly track the true temperature of the tubing fluid. This improvement enhances measurement fidelity, reduces bias from annular heating, and improves responsiveness to dynamic downhole conditions.

[0055] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic view of a temperature sensing system 700, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In particular, the temperature sensing system 700 includes a temperature isolation seal 742 which provides both pressure and fluid sealing functionality as well as temperature isolation. For instance, as shown, an annular pressure may act on an exterior of a tubular 704, and a tubing pressure may act within the tubular 704. Because a second sensor port 724 extends through a hole or opening in the tubular 704, it may be necessary to seal the opening in order to isolate the inside of the tubular from the annular environment. The temperature isolation seal 742 may be representative of any of several embodiments of temperature isolation seals described herein which perform both sealing functions between the second sensor port 724 as well as temperature isolation therebetween. It is within this context that FIGS. 8-1 and 8-2; 9-1 and 9-2; and 10-2 and 10-2 are discussed.

[0056] FIGS. 8-1 and 8-2 illustrate an embodiment of a temperature isolation seal 842, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the temperature isolation seal 842 includes an elastomeric sealing element 844 and a thermally insulating spacer 846. As described with respect to FIG. 7, the temperature isolation seal 842 serves to both seal the opening in the tubular surrounding the second sensor port and to thermally isolate the sensor from heat conducted through the tubular wall.

[0057] As shown, the elastomeric sealing element 844 may be implemented as one or more V-ring, O-ring, or other elastomeric seals compressible between the second sensor port and the tubular to form a fluid-tight barrier. Positioned adjacent or beneath the elastomeric sealing element 844 (or between two elastomeric sealing elements 844) is the thermally insulating spacer 846, which may be constructed of a material such as PEEK, ceramic, or other low-conductivity, downhole-suitable materials. The elastomeric sealing element 844 and the spacer 846 may be integrated as a composite assembly positionable around the second sensor port and within the tubular, with the elastomeric portionconforming to the surrounding surfaces and the rigid insulating spacer supporting the seal and providing the desired thermal barrier properties. Together, the elastomeric sealing element 844 and thermally insulating spacer 846 cooperate to provide pressure sealing while reducing heat transfer from the tubular to the tubular temperature sensor.

[0058] FIGS. 9-1 and 9-2 illustrate another embodiment of a temperature isolation seal 942, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the temperature isolation seal 942 includes a metallic sealing element 944 and a thermally insulating spacer 946. As described with respect to FIG. 7, the temperature isolation seal 942 serves to both seal the opening in the tubular surrounding the second sensor port and to thermally isolate the sensor from heat conducted through the tubular wall.

[0059] As shown, the metallic sealing element 944 may be implemented as a metal-to-metal ring seal or other metallic sealing configuration compressible between the second sensor port and the tubular to form a high-integrity pressure barrier. Positioned adjacent or beneath the metallic sealing element 944 (or between two metallic sealing elements 944) is the thermally insulating spacer 946, which may be constructed of a material such as PEEK, ceramic, or other low-conductivity, downhole-suitable materials. The metallic sealing element 944 and the spacer 946 may be integrated as a composite assembly positioned around the second sensor port and within the tubular, with the rigid metallic portion providing pressure sealing and the insulating spacer reducing heat transfer from the tubular to the tubular temperature sensor. Together, the metallic sealing element 944 and thermally insulating spacer 946 cooperate to provide pressure sealing suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature environments while thermally isolating the sensor.

[0060] FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2 illustrate yet another embodiment of a temperature isolation seal 1042, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the temperature isolation seal 1042 includes a hollow-bodied seal 1044 having an internal cavity 1046. As described with respect to FIG. 7, the temperature isolation seal 1042 serves to both seal the opening in the tubular surrounding the second sensor port and to thermally isolate the sensor from heat conducted through the tubular wall.

[0061] The hollow-bodied seal 1044 may be constructed from metal, elastomer, or a combination thereof, and may be configured to conform to the surrounding surfaces of the second sensor port and tubular to form a fluid-tight barrier. The internal cavity 1046 may be filled with a gas, fluid, gel, or maintained as a vacuum to provide a low-conductivity thermal barrier between the tubular and the second sensor. The hollow-bodied seal 1044 may be fabricated as a single integrated component or assembled from multiple pieces and may be positioned around the second sensor port within the tubular. In this way, the hollow-bodied seal 1044 with internal cavity 1046 provides both sealing and thermal isolation.

[0062] In this way, the temperature isolation seals 842, 942, and 1042, whether implemented individually or in combination, provide integrated solutions for both fluid pressure sealing and thermal isolation of the tubular temperature sensor. By combining a sealing element, whether elastomeric, metallic, or hollow-bodied, with a thermally isolating feature, such as a spacer, cavity, internal medium, etc., the temperature isolation seal(s) can effectively isolate the sensor from conductive heat transfer through the tubular wall while maintaining a reliable pressure barrier between the tubing and annular environments. This combined functionality enhances measurement fidelity by reducing thermal influence from the heated tubular.

[0063] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic view of a temperature-activated seal 1150, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The seal 1150 is positioned in a sealing interface 1152 between two mating components 1154 and 1156, which may be representative of any sealing interface or sealing surfaces such as at a flange, shaft, or another downhole sealing interface. For instance, the temperature-activated seal 1150 may be a seal for sealing the interface between a sensor port (e.g., a second sensor port) and a tubular as described in one or more embodiments herein. The temperature-activated seal 1150 includes a deformable seal body 1158 and a temperature-activated core 1160 positioned at least partially within the deformable seal body 1158. For instance, the deformable seal body 1158 may be shaped to conform to the sealing surfaces of the sealing interface 1152. The deformable seal body 1158 may be made of one or more materials such as metals (e.g., stainless steel), elastomers, engineered composites, or other materials (and combinations thereof) depending on the downhole application and the desired pressure andtemperature rating. In some embodiments, the deformable seal body 1 158 may be configured to form a seal at the sealing interface. For instance, the deformable seal body 1158 may be shaped, sized, and configured to engage the sealing surfaces at the sealing interface 1152 when the temperature-activated core 1160 is activated, energizing the deformable seal body 1158. In some embodiments, the deformable seal body 1158 may not provide any sealing functionality (e.g., or very little sealing functionality) until energized by the temperature-activated core 1160. In some embodiments, the deformable seal body 1158 may form an initial seal prior to energization, and may form an energized (e.g., greater sealing effect) once energized by the temperature-activated core 1160.

[0064] As shown, the temperature-activated core 1160 is positioned within or adjacent to the deformable seal body 1158. The temperature-activated core 1160 may be configured to change shape when exposed to a predetermined activation temperature. In some embodiments, the core 1160 is formed from a shape memory alloy (SMA), such as nickeltitanium (Nitinol), copper-aluminum-nickel, copper-zinc-aluminum, iron-manganese- silicon alloys, or other SMA or temperature-activated material. The temperature-activated core 1160 may be shaped, formed, and / or trained such that it applies an energizing force on the deformable seal body 1158 and engages the deformable seal body 1158 against the sealing interface 1152 with a sealing force.

[0065] In some embodiments, the temperature-activated core 1160 can be designed to be activated at surface during assembly by heating the temperature-activated seal 1160 above its transition temperature prior to deployment. In other embodiments, the temperature-activated core 1160 can be configured to activate downhole in response to wellbore temperatures or other in-situ conditions, providing flexibility for different operational strategies. For instance, activating at surface may be performed in controlled shop conditions for assembly and / or verification prior to deployment, whereas downhole activation can be advantageous for the sealing element coinciding with in-situ conditions or after installation is complete.

[0066] The geometry of the temperature-activated seal 1150 may be shaped to securely hold the temperature-activated core 1160 and to efficiently translate the shape change of the temperature-activated core into radial or axial force applied on the sealing interface 1152. For example, the deformable seal body 1158 may include dovetails,channels, detents, snap features, undercuts, reliefs, or other geometries to mechanically retain the temperature-activated core 1160 while still permitting the necessary deformation. As discussed below, the temperature-activated core 1160 may be implemented with a variety of different shapes and / or cross-sections, such as square, rectangular, circular, or more complex shapes. Embodiments are described below in connection with FIGS. 12-1 to 12-4. Any of a number of shapes and / or geometries of the temperature-activated core 1160 and deformable seal body 1158 may be implemented to tailor the contact pressure and sealing behavior to a specific application.

[0067] For instance, as discussed in examples below, the temperature-activated core 1160 and the deformable seal body 1158 may be configured in a wedge configuration where the temperature- activated core 1160 may deform in a sealing direction to engage the deformable seal body 1158 in the sealing direction. In other embodiments, the temperature- activated core 1160 and the deformable seal body 1158 may be configured in a lever configuration where the temperature activated core 1160 deforms in a transverse direction, or a direction other than strictly in the sealing direction, which may cause the deformable seal body 1158 to deform in the sealing direction and engage the sealing interface 1152 with a sealing force.

[0068] In some embodiments, the activation temperature of the temperature- activated core 1160 may be tuned (e.g., by adjusting nickel -to-titanium ratio) to fall within a desired range, for example 50 °F to 250 °F. This predictable transformation allows the temperature- activated core 1160 to apply a controlled and reliable sealing force at a tunable activation temperature for pressing the deformable seal body 1158 firmly against the mating surfaces of the sealing interface 1152. In various embodiments, the temperature-activated core 1160 may be designed for one-time, permanent activation where the deformation is retained, and the seal remains engaged indefinitely. In other embodiments, it may be designed for reversible or two-way activation, where the seal can disengage upon cooling and re-engage upon reheating. In this way, the temperature-activated seal 1150 may be implemented to facilitate a number of different sealing requirements tailored to a given application. For instance, two-way activation capability can enable removal and reinstallation of components without replacing the seal, facilitating maintenance and reuse.

[0069] The temperature-activated core 1160 may facilitate insertion and / or assembly of the temperature-activated seal 1150. For example, the temperature-activated seal 1150 may be advantageously implemented without damaging, scratching, or marring, the sealing surfaces of the sealing interface 1152. To elaborate, because the temperature- activated core 1160 remains inactive (e.g., inactivated) during installation, the temperature-activated seal 1150 can be inserted into the sealing interface 1152 without applying significant contact pressure (e.g., or any pressure) to the polished and / or coated surfaces of the mating components 1154 and 1156. For instance, the seal body 1158 may be slightly sized such that it does not contact one or more of the sealing surfaces of the sealing interface 1152 to that the temperature-activated seal 1150 may be positioned and / or seated without contacting (e.g., in a significant way) the sealing surface. This prevents scratching, galling, or other damage to the sensitive sealing surfaces or their coatings, which are common risks with conventional (e.g., metal) seals. Once the temperature-activated seal 1150 seal is fully positioned and / or seated and the activation temperature is reached, the temperature- activated core 1160 can transform to deliver the desired preload. This allows the temperature-activated seal 1150 to be installed in more complex and / or constrained geometries, including piston-type or sliding interfaces where other seals may risk damage and / or prove difficult to install without excessive force. Accordingly, whether activated at the surface or downhole, the temperature-activated seal 1150 can be installed cleanly without damaging the sealing surfaces, and ultimately engaged only when the activation temperature is reached.

[0070] In some embodiments, the temperature-activated seal 1150 may include a thermal isolation feature, similar to one or more embodiments described herein. For instance, the deformable seal body 1158 may include one or more internal cavities (e.g., vacuum, fluid, and / or gas fdled), or a low-conductivity material or spacer. In this way, the temperature-activated seal 1150 may be implemented as a temperature isolation seal similar to other embodiments described herein.

[0071] In some embodiments, the temperature-activated seal 1150 is configured to shield and / or protect the temperature-activated core 1160 from exposure to wellbore fluids. For instance, temperature-activated core 1160 may be entirely contained within the deformable seal body 1158 such that the temperature activated core 1160 does not comeinto direct contact with wellbore fluids. In other embodiments, the temperature-activated core 1160 may not necessarily be entirely positioned within the deformable seal body 1158, but the temperature-activated core 1160 may be implemented such that an open or exposed portion of the deformable seal body 1158 is oriented away from a wellbore fluid-containing side of the sealing interface 1152 such that the temperature-activated core 1160 is in this way shielded from exposure to the wellbore fluid. The deformable seal body 1158 may be made from corrosion-resistant, downhole-compatible materials and may be suitable for exposure to the wellbore fluid environment for an extended period of time (e.g., decades), while the temperature-activated core 1160 may suffer from corrosion, erosion, and / or fatigue if exposed to the wellbore fluid for an extended duration. In this way, the temperature-activated seal 1150 may be configured to protect and / or shield the temperature-activated core 1160.

[0072] FIGS. 12-1 through 12-4 illustrate examples of temperature-activated seals 1250-1 through 1250-4, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For instance, the temperature activated seals (collectively 1250) may be embodiments of the temperature-activated seal 1150 as shown and described in connection with FIG. 11.

[0073] FIG. 12-1 illustrates an example of a wedge-type temperature-activated seal 1250-1 having a deformable seal body 1258-1 and a temperature-activated core 1260-1. The temperature-activated core 1260-1 may be rectangular in cross-section. Upon activation, the temperature-activated core 1260-1 expands in a sealing direction as shown, wedging the deformable seal body 1258-1 outward into sealing engagement with a sealing interface. This configuration may direct expansion of the deformable seal body 1258-1 by the temperature-activated core 1260-1.

[0074] FIG. 12-2 illustrates another wedge-type temperature-activated seal 1250-2. In this embodiment, a temperature-activated core 1160-2 is round, elliptical, or oval-shaped. Upon activation, the temperature-activated core 1260-2 transitions to a more elongated shape, producing a wedging effect to energize a deformable seal body 1258-2 against a sealing interface.

[0075] FIG. 12-3 illustrates a lever-type temperature-activated seal 1250-3. For instance, a deformable seal body 1258-3 may be shaped in a diamond or rhombus cross-section, and a temperature-activated core 1260-3 may be positioned at and / or acrossa diagonal of the deformable seal body 1258-3. When activated, the temperature-activated core 1260-3 may contract along its length, causing the deformable seal body 1258-3 to shorten at the associated diagonal, and correspondingly lengthen along the other diagonal. In this way the deformable seal body 1258-3 may expand orthogonally (perpendicular to the temperature-activated core 1260-3) to engage the deformable seal body 1258-3 against a sealing interface. This lever configuration provides mechanical advantage, leveraging and amplifying the deformation of the temperature-activated core 1260-3 to produce a sealing force with the seal body 1258-3.

[0076] FIG. 12-4 illustrates another embodiment of a lever-type temperature-activated seal 1250-4. As shown, a deformable seal body 1258-4 may be implemented with a temperature-activated core 1260-4 at two opposing diagonals. Upon activation, the temperature-activated core 1260-4 may expand in one diagonal and contract in the other, causing a corresponding deformable seal body 1258-4 to engage a sealing interface. This coordinated expansion and contraction of the temperature-activated core 1260-4 can further leverage the deformation of the temperature-activated core, for example, to provide the benefits of both the wedge-type and lever-type embodiments.

[0077] In this way, the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 12-1 through 12-4 demonstrate the versatility of the temperature-activated seal 1150 in applying sealing force at sealing surfaces of a sealing interface through different mechanical principles. Indeed, any number of other shapes, geometries, configurations, and combinations thereof may be conceivable implemented utilizing the principles described herein of a deformable seal body and a corresponding temperature-activated seal tailored to meet a wide range of operational requirements.INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0078] The following description from

[0078] -

[0097] includes various embodiments that, where feasible, may be combined in any permutation. For example, the embodiment of

[0078] may be combined with any or all embodiments of the following paragraphs. Embodiments that describe acts of a method may be combined with embodiments that describe, for example, systems and / or devices. Any permutation of the following paragraphs is considered to be hereby disclosed for the purposes of providing“unambiguously derivable support” for any claim amendment based on the following paragraphs. Furthermore, the following paragraphs provide support such that any combination of the following paragraphs would not create an “intermediate generalization.”

[0079] In some embodiments, a temperature sensing device for use with a tubular in a wellbore includes a housing configured to mount to an outer surface of the tubular, the housing including a first sensor port configured to be positioned at the outer surface of the tubular and a second sensor port configured to extend at least partially through the tubular; a first sensor positioned in the first sensor port such that, when the housing is mounted to the tubular, the first sensor is positioned in an annular space around the tubular to directly contact a flow of an annular fluid flowing in the annular space; and a second sensor positioned in the second sensor port such that, when the housing is mounted to the tubular, the second sensor is flush with an inner surface of the tubular to directly contact a flow of a tubing fluid within the tubular without disrupting the flow of the tubing fluid.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first sensor port and the second sensor port are positioned at a same longitudinal location along the tubular such that the first sensor and the second sensor take measurements at a same measurement depth.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first sensor and the second sensor are each temperature sensors for taking temperature measurements of the flow of the annular fluid and of the flow of the tubing fluid, respectively.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first sensor port is positioned such that, when the housing is mounted to the tubular, a longitudinal dimension of the first sensor port lies along the outer surface of the tubular.

[0083] In some embodiments, the second sensor port extends at least partially through the tubular to position the second sensor flush with the inner surface of the tubular.

[0084] In some embodiments, the housing further comprises a conduit for housing electrical connections for the first sensor and the second sensor.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first sensor port, the second sensor port, and the conduit form a trihedron shape of the housing.

[0086] In some embodiments, the device further includes a thermal isolation element positioned around the second sensor to thermally insulate the second sensor from the annular fluid.

[0087] In some embodiments, the thermal isolation element includes one or more of: a temperature insulating material positioned around the second sensor; a temperature insulating liquid or gas surrounding the second sensor; or a vacuum cavity around the second sensor.

[0088] In some embodiments, the device further includes a seal positioned around the second sensor port to seal between the tubular and the housing.

[0089] In some embodiments, the seal is a temperature isolation seal further including: at least one sealing element configured to seal an interface between the second sensor port and the tubular; and a spacer formed of a temperature insulating material and configured to thermally isolate the second sensor from the annular space.

[0090] In some embodiments, the at least one sealing element is a metallic sealing element or an elastomeric sealing element, and the spacer comprises polyether-ether- ketone (PEEK).

[0091] In some embodiments, a temperature sensing system for implementing in a downhole environment, including a tubular having an inner bore defined by an inner surface for flowing a tubing fluid therethrough, the tubular being positionable in a wellbore such that an annular fluid flows through an annular space around the tubular; a housing mounted to an outer surface of the tubular, the housing having a first sensor port positioned in an annular space around the tubular and a second sensor port extending at least partially through the tubular; a first temperature sensor positioned to the first sensor port such that the first temperature sensor is positioned in the annular space to directly contact a flow of the annular fluid in the annular space; and a second temperature sensor positioned to the second sensor port such that the second temperature sensor is positioned flush with the inner surface of the tubular to directly contact a flow of the tubing fluid flowing through the inner bore without disrupting the flow of the tubing fluid.

[0092] In some embodiments, the second temperature sensor includes a membrane that is flush with the inner surface.

[0093] In some embodiments, the tubular includes a channel formed on the outer surface and the housing is positioned within the channel below an exposure of the channel.

[0094] In some embodiments, a temperature-activated seal for sealing a sealing interface in a downhole environment includes: a deformable seal body configured to engage sealing surfaces of the sealing interface, wherein the deformable seal body is deformable in a sealing direction; and a temperature-activated core positioned within the deformable seal body, the temperature-activated core comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA) that deforms at an activation temperature to apply a sealing force through the deformable seal body against the sealing surfaces of the sealing interface.

[0095] In some embodiments, the SMA includes one or more of nitinol, copper- aluminum-nickel, or copper-zinc-aluminum.

[0096] In some embodiments, the deformable seal body and the temperature-activated core are configured in a wedge configuration such that the temperature-activated core expands in the sealing direction to deform the deformable seal body in the sealing direction.

[0097] In some embodiments, the deformable seal body and the temperature-activated core are configured in a lever configuration such that deformation of the temperature- activated core in a transverse direction causes an expansion of the deformable seal body in the sealing direction.

[0098] In some embodiments, the seal is positioned to seal an interface between a temperature sensor housing and a tubular.

[0099] The embodiments of the temperature sensing systems have been primarily described with reference to wellbore drilling operations; the temperature sensing systems described herein may be used in applications other than the drilling of a wellbore. In other embodiments, the temperature sensing systems according to the present disclosure may be used outside a wellbore or other downhole environment used for the exploration or production of natural resources. For instance, the temperature sensing systems of the present disclosure may be used in a borehole used for placement of utility lines. Accordingly, the terms “wellbore,” “borehole” and the like should not be interpreted to limit tools, systems, assemblies, or methods of the present disclosure to any particular industry, field, or environment.

[0100] One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. These described embodiments are examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual embodiment may be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, as in any engineering or design project, numerous embodiment-specific decisions will be made to achieve the developers’ specific goals, such as compliance with system -related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one embodiment to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

[0101] Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. For example, any element described in relation to an embodiment herein may be combinable with any element of any other embodiment described herein. Numbers, percentages, ratios, or other values stated herein are intended to include that value, and also other values that are “about” or “approximately” the stated value, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art encompassed by embodiments of the present disclosure. A stated value should therefore be interpreted broadly enough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the stated value to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result. The stated values include at least the variation to be expected in a suitable manufacturing or production process, and may include values that are within 5%, within 1%, within 0.1%, or within 0.01% of a stated value.

[0102] A person having ordinary skill in the art should realize in view of the present disclosure that equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations may be made to embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Equivalent constructions, including functional “means-plus-function” clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function, including both structural equivalents that operate in the same manner, and equivalentstructures that provide the same function. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke means-plus-function or other functional claiming for any claim except for those in which the words ‘means for’ appear together with an associated function. Each addition, deletion, and modification to the embodiments that falls within the meaning and scope of the claims is to be embraced by the claims.

[0103] The terms “approximately,” “about,” and “substantially” as used herein represent an amount close to the stated amount that is within standard manufacturing or process tolerances, or which still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately,” “about,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of a stated amount. Further, it should be understood that any directions or reference frames in the preceding description are merely relative directions or movements. For example, any references to “up” and “down” or “above” or “below” are merely descriptive of the relative position or movement of the related elements. Additionally, as used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0104] The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A temperature sensing device for use with a tubular in a wellbore, comprising: a housing configured to mount to an outer surface of the tubular, the housing including a first sensor port configured to be positioned at the outer surface of the tubular and a second sensor port configured to extend at least partially through the tubular; a first sensor positioned in the first sensor port such that, when the housing is mounted to the tubular, the first sensor is positioned in an annular space around the tubular to directly contact a flow of an annular fluid flowing in the annular space; and a second sensor positioned in the second sensor port such that, when the housing is mounted to the tubular, the second sensor is flush with an inner surface of the tubular to directly contact a flow of a tubing fluid within the tubular without disrupting the flow of the tubing fluid.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first sensor port and the second sensor port are positioned at a same longitudinal location along the tubular such that the first sensor and the second sensor take measurements at a same measurement depth.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are each temperature sensors for taking temperature measurements of the flow of the annular fluid and of the flow of the tubing fluid, respectively.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first sensor port is positioned such that, when the housing is mounted to the tubular, a longitudinal dimension of the first sensor port lies along the outer surface of the tubular.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the second sensor port extends at least partially through the tubular to position the second sensor flush with the inner surface of the tubular.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises a conduit for housing electrical connections for the first sensor and the second sensor.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the first sensor port, the second sensor port, and the conduit form a trihedron shape of the housing.

8. The device of claim 1, further comprising a thermal isolation element positioned around the second sensor to thermally insulate the second sensor from the annular fluid.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the thermal isolation element includes one or more of a temperature insulating material positioned around the second sensor; a temperature insulating liquid or gas surrounding the second sensor; or a vacuum cavity around the second sensor.

10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a seal positioned around the second sensor port to seal between the tubular and the housing.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the seal is a temperature isolation seal, and further comprises: at least one sealing element configured to seal an interface between the second sensor port and the tubular; and a spacer formed of a temperature insulating material and configured to thermally isolate the second sensor from the annular space.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the at least one sealing element is a metallic sealing element or an elastomeric sealing element, and the spacer comprises polyether-ether- ketone (PEEK).

13. A temperature sensing system for implementing in a downhole environment, comprising: a tubular having an inner bore defined by an inner surface for flowing a tubing fluid therethrough, the tubular being positionable in a wellbore such that an annular fluid flows through an annular space around the tubular; a housing mounted to an outer surface of the tubular, the housing having a first sensor port positioned in an annular space around the tubular and a second sensor port extending at least partially through the tubular; a first temperature sensor positioned to the first sensor port such that the first temperature sensor is positioned in the annular space to directly contact a flow of the annular fluid in the annular space; and a second temperature sensor positioned to the second sensor port such that the second temperature sensor is positioned flush with the inner surface of the tubular to directly contact a flow of the tubing fluid flowing through the inner bore without disrupting the flow of the tubing fluid.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the second temperature sensor includes a membrane that is flush with the inner surface.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the tubular includes a channel formed on the outer surface and the housing is positioned within the channel below an exposure of the channel.

16. A temperature-activated seal for sealing a sealing interface in a downhole environment, the temperature-activated seal comprising: a deformable seal body configured to engage sealing surfaces of the sealing interface, wherein the deformable seal body is deformable in a sealing direction; and a temperature-activated core positioned within the deformable seal body, the temperature-activated core comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA) that deforms at an activation temperature to deform the deformable seal bodyand apply a sealing force through the deformable seal body against the sealing surfaces of the sealing interface.

17. The temperature-activated seal of claim 16, wherein SMA includes one or more of nitinol, copper-aluminum-nickel, or copper-zinc-aluminum.

18. The temperature-activated seal of claim 16, wherein the deformable seal body and the temperature-activated core are configured in a wedge configuration such that the temperature-activated core expands in the sealing direction to deform the deformable seal body in the sealing direction.

19. The temperature-activated seal of claim 16, wherein the deformable seal body and the temperature-activated core are configured in a lever configuration such that deformation of the temperature-activated core in a transverse direction causes an expansion of the deformable seal body in the sealing direction.

20. The temperature-activated seal of claim 16, wherein the seal is positioned to seal an interface between a temperature sensor housing and a tubular.

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