Liquid crystal grating module and manufacturing method therefor, and three-dimensional display device

Abstract

A liquid crystal grating module and a manufacturing method therefor, and a three-dimensional display device. The liquid crystal grating module comprises at least two liquid crystal gratings that are stacked. Each liquid crystal grating comprises an alignment layer and an electrode layer. The alignment layers in the at least two liquid crystal gratings have the same alignment direction. In one liquid crystal grating, the electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction. A preset non-zero included angle is formed between the directions of extension of the first electrodes in the at least two liquid crystal gratings. The first direction is located in a plane where the corresponding liquid crystal grating is located.

Description

Liquid crystal grating module and its fabrication method, three-dimensional display device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411063751.8, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on August 2, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to display technology, such as a liquid crystal grating module and its preparation method, and a three-dimensional display device. Background Technology

[0003] The holographic 3D display system includes a backlight module, a spatial light modulator, a converging field lens, and a liquid crystal grating stacked in sequence. The backlight module provides the field-order collimated coherent backlight required for 3D display. The spatial light modulator modulates the phase and amplitude of the field-order collimated coherent beam. The converging field lens focuses the modulated field-order collimated coherent backlight onto the liquid crystal grating. The liquid crystal grating transmits the left-eye and right-eye images from the 3D optical image to the user's left and right eyes, respectively, to achieve naked-eye 3D display.

[0004] Liquid crystal gratings are configured to adjust the light direction of a 3D display. To achieve this, 3D holographic display systems typically include liquid crystal grating modules. These modules consist of at least two liquid crystal gratings with different orientations. For the liquid crystal grating to function, the polarization direction and alignment direction of the incident light must be parallel. Therefore, a half-wave plate is needed at the incident light side of the liquid crystal grating as a film to adjust the polarization direction. Bonding multiple layers of liquid crystal gratings and half-wave plates increases the difficulty and cost of the bonding process.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a liquid crystal grating module and its preparation method, as well as a three-dimensional display device. The liquid crystal grating in the liquid crystal grating module can achieve beam adjustment without setting a half-wave plate, which reduces the difficulty of the bonding process and lowers the cost. Moreover, since there is no half-wave plate, dispersion can be reduced and the influence of image crosstalk can be reduced.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a liquid crystal grating module, comprising at least two liquid crystal gratings stacked together, each liquid crystal grating comprising an alignment layer and an electrode layer; the alignment layers in the at least two liquid crystal gratings have the same alignment direction; within one liquid crystal grating, the electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes extending along a first direction, the extension directions of the first electrodes in the at least two liquid crystal gratings having a preset angle that is not 0; wherein, the first direction is located in the plane of the corresponding liquid crystal grating.

[0008] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module. The liquid crystal grating module includes liquid crystal gratings stacked with at least two grating orientations. Each liquid crystal grating includes an alignment layer and an electrode layer. The alignment layers in at least two of the liquid crystal gratings have the same alignment orientation. The electrode layer includes multiple first electrodes extending along a first direction. The grating orientation of the liquid crystal grating is the extension direction of the first electrodes. The method for fabricating the liquid crystal grating module includes: providing multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates; forming the electrode layer on one side of the first substrate and forming a common electrode layer on one side of the second substrate, at least... The first electrodes of the first substrates corresponding to the two liquid crystal gratings extend in different directions; multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates, including the electrode layer, are arranged in the same plane along a third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; the side of the first substrate with the alignment layer and the side of the second substrate with the alignment layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate to encapsulate and form a liquid crystal grating; at least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked to form the liquid crystal grating module.

[0009] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module. The liquid crystal grating module includes liquid crystal gratings with at least two grating orientations stacked together. The liquid crystal grating includes an alignment layer and an electrode layer. The electrode layer includes multiple first electrodes extending along a first direction. The grating orientation of the liquid crystal grating is the extension direction of the first electrodes. Before the liquid crystal grating of the liquid crystal grating module is packaged, the alignment layer of the liquid crystal grating of the liquid crystal grating module has the same alignment orientation. The method for fabricating the liquid crystal grating module includes: providing multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates; arranging the multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates in the same preset arrangement. An electrode layer is formed on one side of the first substrate, and a common electrode layer is formed on one side of the second substrate, wherein the first electrodes in the electrode layers extend in the same direction; an alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer opposite to the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer opposite to the second substrate; the side of the first substrate with the alignment layer and the side of the second substrate with the alignment layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate to encapsulate and form a liquid crystal grating; at least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked to form the liquid crystal grating module; wherein the first substrate of all liquid crystal gratings is located on the light-incident side or on the light-excising side.

[0010] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a three-dimensional display device, characterized in that it includes a backlight module, a spatial light modulator, a converging field lens, and a liquid crystal grating module as described in any of the first aspects, stacked sequentially. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 2 is a partial top view of a liquid crystal grating provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first type of cross-section of the liquid crystal grating corresponding to Figure 2 along the section line A-A';

[0014] Figure 4 is a top view of a liquid crystal grating module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first type of liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a liquid crystal grating module corresponding to Figure 6;

[0018] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate when fabricating a liquid crystal grating module in a related technology;

[0019] Figure 9 is a schematic flowchart of the first method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate when preparing a liquid crystal grating module according to the first embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 11 is a schematic flowchart of the second method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 12 is a schematic flowchart of the third method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate when preparing a liquid crystal grating module according to the second embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 14 is a schematic flowchart of the fourth method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate when preparing a liquid crystal grating module according to the third method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional display device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present application will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the application. For ease of description, only the parts relevant to the present application are shown in the drawings, not the entire structure.

[0028] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. It should be noted that directional terms such as "above" in the embodiments of this application are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when referring to an element being formed "above" or "below" another element, it can be formed not only directly "above" or "below" the other element, but also indirectly "above" or "below" the other element through intermediate elements. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Those skilled in the art can understand the meaning of the above terms in this application according to the circumstances.

[0029] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the first type of liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 2 is a partial top view schematic diagram of a liquid crystal grating provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 3 is a first cross-sectional schematic diagram of the liquid crystal grating corresponding to Figure 2 along the cross-section line A-A'. As shown in Figures 1-3, the liquid crystal grating module 100 includes at least two liquid crystal gratings 10 stacked together. The liquid crystal grating 10 includes an alignment layer 101 and an electrode layer 102. The alignment layers 101 in the at least two liquid crystal gratings 10 have the same alignment direction. In one liquid crystal grating 10, the electrode layer 102 includes multiple first electrodes 1021 extending along a first direction (X direction as shown in Figure 2). The extension direction of the first electrodes 1021 in the at least two liquid crystal gratings 10 has a preset included angle that is not 0. The first direction X is located in the plane where the corresponding liquid crystal grating 10 is located.

[0030] The alignment layer 101 in the liquid crystal grating has grooves with a preset orientation, configured to give the initial orientation of the liquid crystal, thus enabling the liquid crystal to be regularly aligned on the alignment layer 101. When the liquid crystal grating 10 is working, the polarization direction of the incident light needs to be parallel to the alignment direction. At least two alignment layers of the liquid crystal grating are provided with the same alignment direction to ensure that the initial alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal grating 10 is the same. This eliminates the need for half-wave plates configured to adjust the polarization state in the corresponding liquid crystal grating, meaning there is no need to bond the liquid crystal grating to the half-wave plate. This removes the half-wave plate between two adjacent liquid crystal gratings, thereby reducing dispersion, reducing bonding steps, simplifying the process, and lowering costs.

[0031] The first electrode 1021 can be understood as a gate electrode. In the same liquid crystal grating 10, the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 determines the grating direction of the liquid crystal grating 10. Setting the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 of at least two liquid crystal gratings 10 to have a preset angle that is not 0 can realize the deflection of light in the preset direction and realize the three-dimensional display function.

[0032] It should be noted that the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 can be understood as the overall direction of the gate electrode, that is, the gate electrode can be a straight line or a broken line extending along the first direction X. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0033] The first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104 may be glass substrates, configured to protect the film structure within the liquid crystal grating. The liquid crystal layer 105 between the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104 includes liquid crystal molecules. A plurality of support structures 106 disposed between the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104 are configured to support the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104, thereby forming a filling space for the liquid crystal layer 105. Exemplarily, the shape of the support structure 106 may be columnar or strip-shaped (e.g., a barrier wall). In this embodiment, the support structure 40 is described as a frustum, and the cross-sectional view of the support structure 106 is, for example, an inverted trapezoidal shape.

[0034] The first electrode 1021 can be set independently. The side of the second substrate 104 near the support structure 106 includes a common electrode layer 107. The common electrode layer 107 can be a common electrode set on the entire surface. There is a voltage difference between the common electrode and the first electrode 1021. In this way, the longitudinal electric field formed by the common electrode and the first electrode 1021 can drive the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 105 to rotate, thereby refracting the light incident on the liquid crystal grating 10.

[0035] The first substrate 103 also includes an auxiliary structure 108. At least a portion of the auxiliary structure 108 is located between at least a portion of the first electrode 1021 and the support structure 106. That is, by setting the auxiliary structure 108, the thickness of the inorganic layer between the support structure 106 and the first substrate 103 can be increased, thereby improving the compressive strength of the liquid crystal grating 10. Thus, during the fabrication or use of the liquid crystal grating, when the support structure 106 is subjected to external pressure, the first electrode 102 will not break, which is beneficial to ensuring the stability of the liquid crystal grating.

[0036] It should be noted that, in order to show the transmission of light in the liquid crystal grating module 100, there is a gap between two adjacent liquid crystal gratings 10 in Figure 1. In reality, at least two liquid crystal gratings in the liquid crystal grating module are stacked.

[0037] The liquid crystal grating module provided in this application embodiment has alignment layers in at least two liquid crystal gratings having the same alignment direction. When the liquid crystal grating is working, the polarization direction of the incident light needs to be parallel to the alignment direction. By setting the alignment layers of at least two liquid crystal gratings to have the same alignment direction, the half-wave plate configured to adjust the polarization state in the corresponding liquid crystal grating can be eliminated, thus reducing bonding steps and simplifying the manufacturing process. The extension direction of the first electrode determines the grating direction of the liquid crystal grating. Setting the extension directions of the first electrodes of at least two liquid crystal gratings to have a non-zero preset angle allows the light to be deflected in a preset direction, achieving a three-dimensional display function.

[0038] Optionally, the extension directions of the first electrodes in at least two adjacent liquid crystal gratings have a preset included angle that is not zero.

[0039] Taking a liquid crystal grating module comprising two stacked liquid crystal gratings as an example, the extension direction of the first electrode in one liquid crystal grating and the extension direction of the first electrode in the other liquid crystal grating have a preset angle that is not zero, so as to achieve different deflections of light by different liquid crystal gratings. In this way, the left eye image and the right eye image in the three-dimensional optical image can be transmitted to the left eye and the right eye of the person respectively, realizing naked-eye three-dimensional display.

[0040] Optionally, Figure 4 is a top view of a liquid crystal grating module provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, the liquid crystal grating module 100 includes at least a first liquid crystal grating 11 and a second liquid crystal grating 12. In the first liquid crystal grating 11, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is α1. In the second liquid crystal grating 12, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is α2. Wherein, α2<α1≤90°, and the first liquid crystal grating 11 is located on the side of the second liquid crystal grating 12 closer to the light source.

[0041] The light source can be a backlight module, configured to emit light. The alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 is shown by the hollow arrow in Figure 4. α2 < α1 ≤ 90°, indicating that along the light transmission direction, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the extension direction of the first electrode decreases in the liquid crystal grating 10. That is, the closer the liquid crystal grating is to the backlight module, the larger the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode; the farther away the liquid crystal grating is from the backlight module, the smaller the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode. Since the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 is not perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode, the liquid crystal will rotate in-plane, resulting in a decrease in the deflection capability of the liquid crystal grating and generating crosstalk light a. The proportion of crosstalk light a is negatively correlated with the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode; the smaller the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021, the larger the crosstalk proportion. Therefore, by designing the first liquid crystal grating 11 with a low crosstalk ratio close to the backlight module, it is possible to avoid generating crosstalk light a from more directions, improve the generation efficiency of target light b, and thus improve the three-dimensional display effect.

[0042] For example, the liquid crystal alignment direction of the first liquid crystal grating 11 near the backlight module is perpendicular to the extension direction of the electrode, i.e., α1 = 90°, and the liquid crystal alignment direction of the second liquid crystal grating 12 away from the backlight module is parallel to the extension direction of the electrode, i.e., α2 = 0°.

[0043] For example, the angle between the liquid crystal alignment direction of the first liquid crystal grating 11 near the backlight module and the extension direction of the electrode is α1 = a°, and the angle between the liquid crystal alignment direction of the second liquid crystal grating 12 far from the backlight module and the extension direction of the electrode is α2 = -a°, where a° > -a°.

[0044] Optionally, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, in the first liquid crystal grating 11, the angle when the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is rotated clockwise to coincide with the second direction (Y direction as shown in Figure 5) is β1. In the second liquid crystal grating 12, the angle when the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is rotated clockwise to coincide with the second direction is β2. Wherein, β1+β2=180°, and the second direction is parallel to the plane where the first liquid crystal grating 11 is located.

[0045] The second direction can be understood as the horizontal direction; for example, the second direction can be the 0° direction.

[0046] A three-dimensional display device requires multiple liquid crystal grating modules with different grating directions. For example, a liquid crystal grating module includes a liquid crystal grating with a first electrode 1021 extending at a direction of 45° and a liquid crystal grating with a first electrode 1021 extending at a direction of 135°. In the first liquid crystal grating 11, the angle when the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is rotated clockwise to coincide with the second direction Y is β1, i.e., β1 = 135°. In the second liquid crystal grating 12, the angle when the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is rotated clockwise to coincide with the second direction Y is β2, i.e., β2 = 45°. Thus, β1 + β2 = 180°. The two liquid crystal gratings with different beam directions can control the light to deflect in different directions to achieve three-dimensional display in application.

[0047] Optionally, Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the second type of liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiment of this application, and Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the liquid crystal grating module corresponding to Figure 6. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the liquid crystal grating module 100 includes at least a first liquid crystal grating 11, a second liquid crystal grating 12, and a third liquid crystal grating 13 arranged sequentially along the light transmission direction. In the first liquid crystal grating 11, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is γ1. In the second liquid crystal grating 12, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is γ2. In the third liquid crystal grating 13, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is γ3. Wherein, γ3 < γ2 < γ1 ≤ 90°.

[0048] The hollow arrow in Figure 7 points to the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 of the liquid crystal grating. Along the direction of light transmission, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 in the liquid crystal grating and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 decreases, which can avoid generating crosstalk light from more directions and thus improve the three-dimensional display effect.

[0049] For example, when the liquid crystal grating module 100 includes three liquid crystal gratings, along the direction of light transmission, in the first liquid crystal grating 11, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 can be 90°, in the second liquid crystal grating 12, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 can be 45°, and in the third liquid crystal grating 13, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 can be 0°.

[0050] Optionally, referring to Figures 6 and 7, the first liquid crystal grating 11 is located on the side of the liquid crystal grating module 100 closest to the light source, and the third liquid crystal grating 13 is located on the side of the liquid crystal grating module 100 furthest from the light source, with γ1 = 90° and γ3 = 0°.

[0051] In the first liquid crystal grating 11, the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 forms a 90° angle with the extension direction of the first electrode 1021. This means the alignment direction of the liquid crystal grating 10 closest to the backlight module is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode 1021. In the third liquid crystal grating 13, the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 forms a 0° angle with the extension direction of the first electrode 1021. This means the alignment direction of the liquid crystal grating furthest from the backlight module is parallel to the extension direction of the first electrode 1021. Since the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is negatively correlated with the proportion of crosstalk light, the first liquid crystal grating 11, with its smaller crosstalk ratio, is closer to the backlight module. This avoids generating crosstalk light from more directions, improves the target light generation efficiency, and thus enhances the three-dimensional display effect.

[0052] Optionally, referring to Figure 7, the number of second liquid crystal gratings 12 is one, and γ2 = 45°.

[0053] In the first liquid crystal grating 11, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 can be 90°. In the second liquid crystal grating 12, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 can be 45°. In the third liquid crystal grating 13, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 can be 0°. Along the light transmission direction, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer 101 and the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 decreases, thus reducing crosstalk light and improving the display effect of the liquid crystal grating module. In other embodiments, the number of second liquid crystal gratings 12 can be at least two, and along the light transmission direction, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the extension direction of the first electrode decreases sequentially.

[0054] Optionally, in another embodiment, the liquid crystal grating module includes at least two sets of stacked first liquid crystal gratings 11, second liquid crystal gratings 12 and third liquid crystal gratings 13 forming a grating group to improve the modulation effect of light.

[0055] In order to adapt to the spatial light modulator to modulate the light to form a left and right image, the alignment directions of the alignment layers in the first liquid crystal light 11, the second liquid crystal grating 12 and the third liquid crystal grating 13 are at different angles with the extension direction of the first electrode.

[0056] Optionally, the alignment direction of the alignment layer is parallel to the direction of the line connecting the user's eyes when the liquid crystal grating module is working.

[0057] The alignment direction of the alignment layer is parallel to the direction of the line connecting the user's eyes when the liquid crystal grating module is working, which can reduce crosstalk light and improve the display effect.

[0058] Optionally, referring to FIG3, the liquid crystal grating 10 further includes a common electrode layer 107 and a liquid crystal layer 105 located between the common electrode layer 107 and the electrode layer 102; when the liquid crystal grating 10 is working, a preset voltage is applied between the electrode layer 102 and the common electrode layer 107 to control the deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 105.

[0059] The second substrate 104 includes a common electrode layer 107 on the side near the support structure 106. The common electrode layer 107 can be a common electrode that is disposed on the entire surface. There is a voltage difference between the common electrode and the first electrode 1021. Thus, the longitudinal electric field formed by the common electrode and the first electrode 1021 can drive the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 105 to rotate, thereby refracting the light incident on the liquid crystal grating 10.

[0060] In summary, the liquid crystal grating module provided in this application embodiment has alignment layers in at least two liquid crystal gratings having the same alignment direction. When the liquid crystal grating is working, the polarization direction of the incident light needs to be parallel to the alignment direction. By setting the alignment layers of at least two liquid crystal gratings to have the same alignment direction, the half-wave plate configured to adjust the polarization state in the corresponding liquid crystal grating can be eliminated. Within a liquid crystal grating, the electrode layer includes multiple first electrodes extending along a first direction. The extension direction of the first electrodes in at least two liquid crystal gratings has a preset angle that is not zero with the alignment direction. The first direction is located in the plane of the corresponding liquid crystal grating. The extension direction of the first electrodes determines the grating direction of the liquid crystal grating. Setting the extension direction of the first electrodes of at least two liquid crystal gratings to have a preset angle that is not zero with the alignment direction can deflect the light in the preset direction, thereby realizing the three-dimensional display function.

[0061] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate in the fabrication of a liquid crystal grating module in the related art. As shown in Figure 8, the liquid crystal grating module includes one 0° liquid crystal grating and two 45° liquid crystal gratings. In the fabrication of the liquid crystal grating module, the alignment directions of the alignment layers of the three first substrates are the same. However, this arrangement of the first substrates leads to a low utilization rate of the glass substrate. This application also provides a method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module. Referring again to Figures 1-3, the liquid crystal grating module 100 includes liquid crystal gratings 10 with at least two grating directions stacked on top of each other. The liquid crystal grating 10 includes an alignment layer 101 and an electrode layer 102. The alignment layers 101 in at least two liquid crystal gratings 10 have the same alignment direction. The electrode layer 102 includes multiple first electrodes 1021 extending along a first direction. The grating direction of the liquid crystal grating 10 is the extension direction of the first electrodes 1021. Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating the first method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in this application. As shown in Figure 9, the method for fabricating the liquid crystal grating module includes the following steps.

[0062] S101, providing multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates.

[0063] Referring again to Figure 3, the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104 can be glass substrates, configured to protect the film structure inside the liquid crystal grating.

[0064] S102, An electrode layer is formed on one side of the first substrate, and a common electrode layer is formed on one side of the second substrate, wherein the first electrodes of the first substrates corresponding to at least two liquid crystal gratings have different extension directions.

[0065] Referring again to FIG3, an electrode layer 102 is formed on one side of the first substrate 103, and a plurality of gate electrodes are disposed in the electrode layer 102. A common electrode layer 107 is formed on one side of the second substrate 104, and liquid crystal molecules are disposed between the electrode layer 102 and the common electrode layer 107. A preset voltage is applied between the electrode layer 102 and the common electrode layer 107 to control the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 105, thereby enabling the refraction of light incident on the liquid crystal grating 10.

[0066] S103. A plurality of first substrates and a plurality of second substrates, including an electrode layer, are arranged in the same plane along a third direction, and an alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and on the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate.

[0067] Referring again to Figure 3, an alignment layer 101 is formed on the side of electrode layer 102 facing away from the first substrate 103 and on the side of common electrode layer 107 facing away from the second substrate 104. Since the alignment layer 101 is provided with grooves in a preset direction, it is configured to give a given initial orientation of the liquid crystal, so that the liquid crystal can be regularly arranged on the alignment layer 101.

[0068] S104. The first substrate with the alignment layer and the second substrate with the alignment layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a liquid crystal grating.

[0069] Referring again to Figure 3, the side of the first substrate with the alignment layer and the side of the second substrate with the alignment layer are bonded together to form a liquid crystal grating 10. A liquid crystal layer 105 is injected between the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104, and the liquid crystal layer 105 includes liquid crystal molecules. To prevent the liquid crystal molecules from flowing out, the liquid crystal grating is encapsulated.

[0070] S105. At least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked to form a liquid crystal grating module.

[0071] Referring again to Figures 1 and 3, at least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked in layers 10 to form a liquid crystal grating module, thereby realizing the three-dimensional display function.

[0072] The method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in this application involves arranging multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates, including electrode layers, in the same plane along a third direction, placing one side of the first substrate with an alignment layer and the other side of the second substrate with an alignment layer opposite to each other, injecting a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, encapsulating to form a liquid crystal grating, and stacking at least two liquid crystal gratings to form a liquid crystal grating module, thereby enabling the function of the liquid crystal grating module.

[0073] Optionally, Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate when preparing the first liquid crystal grating module according to the embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 10, the liquid crystal grating module includes a 0° liquid crystal grating and two 45° liquid crystal gratings. The angle between the grating direction of the 0° liquid crystal grating and the third direction (Z direction as shown in Figure 10) is 90°. The angle between the grating direction of the 45° liquid crystal grating 10 and the third direction Z is 45°. The grating directions of the two 45° liquid crystal gratings are perpendicular to each other.

[0074] The grating direction can be understood as the extension direction of the first electrode in the liquid crystal grating.

[0075] The alignment directions of one 0° liquid crystal grating and two 45° liquid crystal gratings are the same, as shown by the hollow arrows in Figure 10. No half-wave plate is needed between any two adjacent liquid crystal gratings 10. The angle between the grating direction of the 0° liquid crystal grating and the third direction Z is 90°, and the angle between the grating direction of the 45° liquid crystal grating and the third direction Z is 45°. The grating directions of the two 45° liquid crystal gratings are perpendicular to each other, indicating that the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 in one 45° liquid crystal grating is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 in the other 45° liquid crystal grating. This allows light to be deflected in a preset direction, achieving a three-dimensional display function. Furthermore, as a comparative example, referring to Figures 8 and 10, the layout method of this embodiment can improve the utilization rate of glass layout.

[0076] Optionally, continuing to refer to Figure 10, when the first substrate and the second substrate are arranged along the third direction Z to form the alignment layer, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the third direction Z is 67.5°.

[0077] The hollow arrow in the diagram indicates the alignment direction of the alignment layer. The 0° liquid crystal grating and two 45° liquid crystal gratings are placed in the same direction. During alignment, the glass travel direction changes to 22.5°. Thus, the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer in the 0° liquid crystal grating and the third direction Z is 67.5°, and the angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer in the 45° liquid crystal grating and the third direction Z is also 67.5°. In this way, the alignment layers in the three liquid crystal gratings have the same alignment direction, eliminating the need for a half-wave plate, simplifying the process, and increasing the utilization rate of the glass substrate to over 80%.

[0078] Optionally, the liquid crystal grating module includes a first type of liquid crystal grating and a second type of liquid crystal grating. The acute angle between the grating direction of the first type of liquid crystal grating and the third direction is θ1, and the acute angle between the grating direction of the second type of liquid crystal grating and the third direction is θ2. The alignment direction of the alignment layer is: π / 2-(θ1-θ2) / 2.

[0079] The alignment direction of the alignment layer is π / 2-(θ1-θ2) / 2, which helps to ensure that the alignment directions of the first type of liquid crystal grating and the second type of liquid crystal grating are the same. There is no need to set a half-wave plate, the process is simple, and the utilization rate of the glass substrate in the liquid crystal grating is improved.

[0080] Optionally, referring to Figures 1-3, the liquid crystal grating module includes liquid crystal gratings 10 with at least two grating orientations stacked together. The liquid crystal grating 10 includes an alignment layer 101 and an electrode layer 102. The electrode layer 102 includes multiple first electrodes 1021 extending along a first direction X. The grating orientation of the liquid crystal grating 10 is the extension direction of the first electrodes 1021. Before the liquid crystal grating of the liquid crystal grating module is encapsulated, the alignment layer 101 has the same alignment orientation. Figure 11 is a schematic flowchart of a second method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 11, the method for fabricating this liquid crystal grating module includes the following steps.

[0081] S201, providing multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates.

[0082] Referring again to Figure 3, the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104 can be glass substrates, configured to protect the film structure inside the liquid crystal grating.

[0083] S202. Arrange multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates in the same preset arrangement, form an electrode layer on one side of the first substrate, and form a common electrode layer on one side of the second substrate, wherein the first electrodes in the electrode layers extend in the same direction.

[0084] Multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates are arranged in the same preset arrangement, that is, the arrangement of the first substrate and the second substrate in each liquid crystal grating is the same. The preset arrangement can be understood as the first substrate of all liquid crystal gratings being located on the light-incident side or on the light-emitting side. For example, when the liquid crystal grating module includes a first liquid crystal grating and a second liquid crystal grating, the arrangement of the substrates in the two liquid crystal gratings along the light transmission direction can be "first substrate-second substrate-first substrate-second substrate" or "second substrate-first substrate-second substrate-first substrate".

[0085] Referring again to FIG3, an electrode layer 105 is formed on one side of the first substrate 103, and a plurality of gate electrodes are disposed in the electrode layer 105. A common electrode layer 107 is formed on one side of the second substrate 104, and liquid crystal molecules are disposed between the electrode layer 105 and the common electrode layer 107. A preset voltage is applied between the electrode layer 102 and the common electrode layer 107 to control the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 105, thereby enabling the refraction of light incident on the liquid crystal grating 10.

[0086] S203. An alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and on the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate.

[0087] Referring again to Figure 3, an alignment layer 101 is formed on the side of electrode layer 102 facing away from the first substrate 103 and on the side of common electrode layer 107 facing away from the second substrate 104. Since the alignment layer 101 is provided with grooves in a preset direction, it is configured to give a given initial orientation of the liquid crystal, so that the liquid crystal can be regularly arranged on the alignment layer 101.

[0088] S204. The first substrate with the alignment layer and the second substrate with the alignment layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a liquid crystal grating.

[0089] Referring again to Figure 3, the side of the first substrate 103 with the alignment layer and the side of the second substrate 104 with the alignment layer are bonded together. A liquid crystal layer 105 is then injected between the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104. The liquid crystal layer 105 contains liquid crystal molecules. To prevent the liquid crystal molecules from flowing out, the liquid crystal grating is encapsulated.

[0090] S205. At least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked to form a liquid crystal grating module; wherein the first substrate of all liquid crystal gratings is located on the light-incident side or on the light-outceasing side.

[0091] Referring again to Figures 1 and 3, at least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked in layers 10 to form a liquid crystal grating module, thereby realizing the three-dimensional display function.

[0092] The method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in this application involves arranging multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates in the same preset arrangement, so that the first substrates of all liquid crystal gratings can be located on the light-incident side or on the light-outceasing side, thereby realizing the function of the liquid crystal grating module.

[0093] Optionally, when multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates are arranged in the same preset arrangement, the extension directions of the first substrates and the second substrates are different.

[0094] The first substrate and the second substrate extend in different directions, which avoids flipping the liquid crystal grating when forming the liquid crystal grating module, thereby eliminating the need for the flip-board connection line and the driving board, and simplifying the structure of the liquid crystal grating module.

[0095] Optionally, Figure 12 is a schematic flowchart of the third method for preparing a liquid crystal grating module provided in the embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, the liquid crystal grating module includes at least three liquid crystal gratings stacked together, and the grating directions of the three liquid crystal gratings are different. The method of arranging multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates in the same preset arrangement includes the following steps.

[0096] S301 provides multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates.

[0097] S302. Three first substrates are grouped together, with the first first substrate arranged along the fourth direction, the second first substrate arranged along the fifth direction, and the third first substrate arranged along the sixth direction, wherein the second first substrate and the third first substrate are symmetrical about the fourth direction; an electrode layer is formed on one side of the first substrate, and a common electrode layer is formed on one side of the second substrate, wherein the first electrodes in the electrode layer extend in the same direction.

[0098] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate in the second method of fabricating a liquid crystal grating module according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 13, both the first and second substrates are rectangular in shape, and the arrangement direction of the first and second substrates is the long side direction of the rectangle. Since the fourth direction (direction E as shown in Figure 13) is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode 1021 and parallel to the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the arrangement direction of the first substrate 1031 is parallel to the fourth direction E and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode 1021. The second substrate 1032 is arranged along the fifth direction (direction F as shown in Figure 13), and the third substrate 1033 is arranged along the sixth direction (direction G as shown in Figure 13), wherein the second substrate 1032 and the third substrate 1033 are symmetrical about the fourth direction E. It can be understood that, compared with Figure 8, the arrangement shown in Figure 13 does not require flipping the liquid crystal grating when forming the liquid crystal grating module.

[0099] S303. Three second substrates are grouped together. The first second substrate is arranged along the fourth direction, the second second substrate is arranged along the fifth direction, and the third second substrate is arranged along the sixth direction. The fourth direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode of the first first substrate and parallel to the alignment direction of the alignment layer. The first substrate and the second substrate are rectangular in shape, and the arrangement direction of the first substrate and the second substrate is the long side direction of the rectangle.

[0100] Referring again to Figure 13, the orientation of the first second substrate can be the same as the orientation of the first first substrate, the orientation of the second second substrate can be the same as the orientation of the second first substrate, and the orientation of the third second substrate can be the same as the orientation of the third first substrate.

[0101] S304. An alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and on the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate.

[0102] S305. The first substrate with the alignment layer and the second substrate with the alignment layer are disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a liquid crystal grating.

[0103] S306. At least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked to form a liquid crystal grating module; wherein the first substrate of all liquid crystal gratings is located on the light-incident side or on the light-outceasing side.

[0104] The method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in this application involves arranging a first first substrate and a first second substrate along a fourth direction, a second first substrate and a second second substrate along a fifth direction, and a third first substrate and a third second substrate along a sixth direction. The second first substrate and the third first substrate are symmetrical about the fourth direction, which is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode and parallel to the alignment direction of the alignment layer. This allows for the reversal of one liquid crystal grating, making the two liquid crystal gratings symmetrical about the alignment direction of the alignment layer. This helps ensure that the orientation of the metal fingers in the flexible circuit board of the liquid crystal grating module is consistent, thereby improving the glass layout in the liquid crystal grating module and simplifying the design of the liquid crystal grating module.

[0105] Optionally, Figure 14 is a schematic flowchart of a fourth method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in this application embodiment, wherein the liquid crystal grating module includes at least two stacked liquid crystal gratings with complementary grating directions. For example, the grating directions of the two liquid crystal gratings can be 60° and 120°, or they can be 45° and 135°, respectively. Arranging multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates in the same preset arrangement includes:

[0106] S401 provides multiple first substrates and multiple second substrates.

[0107] S402. At least two first substrates are grouped together, with the first first substrate disposed along the seventh direction and the second first substrate disposed along the eighth direction; an electrode layer is formed on one side of the first substrate and a common electrode layer is formed on one side of the second substrate, wherein the first electrodes in the electrode layers extend in the same direction.

[0108] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first substrate in the third method of fabricating a liquid crystal grating module according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 15, the arrows indicate the alignment direction of the alignment layer. Both the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104 are rectangular in shape, and the orientation of the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 104 is the long side direction of the rectangle. The seventh direction (W direction in Figure 15) and the eighth direction (V direction in Figure 15) form an angle of 45° with the extension direction of the first electrode 1021. The extension direction of the first electrode 1021 is perpendicular to the alignment direction of the alignment layer.

[0109] S403. At least two second substrates are grouped together, with the first second substrate disposed along the seventh direction and the second second substrate disposed along the eighth direction; wherein the angle between the seventh direction and the extension direction of the first electrode of the first first substrate and the angle between the eighth direction and the extension direction of the first electrode of the second first substrate are both 45°, the extension directions of the first electrode of the first first substrate and the extension directions of the first electrode of the second first substrate are both perpendicular to the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the first substrate and the second substrate are rectangular in shape, and the arrangement direction of the first substrate and the second substrate is the long side direction of the rectangle.

[0110] The orientation of the first second substrate 104 can be the same as the orientation of the first first substrate 103, and the orientation of the second second substrate 104 can be the same as the orientation of the second first substrate 103.

[0111] S404. An alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and on the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate.

[0112] S405. The first substrate with the alignment layer and the second substrate with the alignment layer are disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a liquid crystal grating.

[0113] S406. At least two liquid crystal gratings are stacked to form a liquid crystal grating module; wherein the first substrate of all liquid crystal gratings is located on the light-incident side or on the light-outceasing side.

[0114] The method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating module provided in this application embodiment involves setting the first first substrate and the first second substrate along the seventh direction, and setting the second first substrate and the second second substrate along the eighth direction. The angle between the seventh direction and the eighth direction and the extension direction of the first electrode is 45°. The extension direction of the first electrode is perpendicular to the alignment direction of the alignment layer. This enables the layout design of two liquid crystal gratings with grating directions of 45° and 135°, thus enabling diversified design of the liquid crystal grating module and realizing the function of the liquid crystal grating module.

[0115] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a three-dimensional display device. Figure 16 is a structural schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device provided in this application. As shown in Figure 16, the three-dimensional display device includes a backlight module 200, a spatial light modulator 300, a converging field lens 400, and a liquid crystal grating module 100 in the above embodiment, which are stacked sequentially. The backlight module 200 is configured to provide field-sequence collimated coherent backlight required for display. The spatial light modulator 300 is configured to modulate the phase and amplitude of the field-sequence collimated coherent backlight. The converging field lens 400 is configured to converge the modulated field-sequence collimated coherent backlight onto the liquid crystal grating module 100. The liquid crystal grating module 100 is configured to transmit the left-eye image and the right-eye image in the three-dimensional optical image to the human eye.

[0116] The field-sequential collimated coherent backlight provided by the backlight module 200 is phase-modulated and / or amplitude-modulated by the spatial light modulator 300. The modulated field-sequential collimated coherent backlight is then focused by the converging field lens 400 onto the viewing window at the human eye position, allowing the human eye to see the image displayed by the display device. In other words, the converging field lens 400 can direct the light modulated by the spatial light modulator 300 onto the liquid crystal grating module 100, thereby forming the left-eye image and the right-eye image.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal grating module, comprising at least two liquid crystal gratings stacked together, each of the liquid crystal gratings comprising an alignment layer and an electrode layer; the alignment layers of the at least two liquid crystal gratings have the same alignment direction; in one of the liquid crystal gratings, the electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction, the first electrodes of the at least two liquid crystal gratings have a preset included angle other than 0° with respect to the extending direction; and the first direction is in the plane of the corresponding liquid crystal grating. The extending directions of the first electrodes of the at least two liquid crystal gratings arranged adjacently have a preset included angle other than 0°. 3.The liquid crystal grating module of claim 1, comprising at least a first liquid crystal grating and a second liquid crystal grating, in the first liquid crystal grating, the included angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the extending direction of the first electrodes is α1, and in the second liquid crystal grating, the included angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the extending direction of the first electrodes is α2; α2 < α1 ≤ 90°, and the first liquid crystal grating is located on the side of the second liquid crystal grating close to a light source. wherein In the first liquid crystal grating, the angle of the extending direction of the first electrodes when rotating clockwise to coincide with a second direction is β1, and in the second liquid crystal grating, the angle of the extending direction of the first electrodes when rotating clockwise to coincide with the second direction is β2; wherein β1 + β2 = 180°, and the second direction is parallel to the plane of the first liquid crystal grating. 2.The liquid crystal grating module of claim 1, wherein, 5.The liquid crystal grating module of claim 1, comprising at least a first liquid crystal grating, a second liquid crystal grating and a third liquid crystal grating arranged in sequence along the direction of light transmission, in the first liquid crystal grating, the included angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the extending direction of the first electrodes is γ1, in the second liquid crystal grating, the included angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the extending direction of the first electrodes is γ2, and in the third liquid crystal grating, the included angle between the alignment direction of the alignment layer and the extending direction of the first electrodes is γ3; γ3 < γ2 < γ1 ≤ 90°. The first liquid crystal grating is located on the side of the liquid crystal grating module closest to the light source, the third liquid crystal grating is located on the side of the liquid crystal grating module farthest from the light source, γ1 = 90°, and γ3 = 0°. wherein The number of the second liquid crystal gratings is one, and γ2 = 45°.

4. The liquid crystal grating module of claim 3, wherein, 8.The liquid crystal grating module of claim 7, comprising at least two groups of the first liquid crystal gratings, the second liquid crystal gratings and the third liquid crystal gratings stacked together to form a grating group. The alignment direction of the alignment layer is parallel to the direction of the line connecting the two eyes of a user when the liquid crystal grating module is in operation. The liquid crystal grating further comprises a common electrode layer and a liquid crystal layer between the common electrode layer and the electrode layer. wherein, When the liquid crystal grating is in operation, a preset voltage is applied between the electrode layer and the common electrode layer to control the deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer.

6. The liquid crystal grating module of claim 5, wherein, The method for manufacturing the liquid crystal grating module comprises:

7. The liquid crystal grating module of claim 6, wherein, providing a plurality of first substrates and a plurality of second substrates; ​ 9. The liquid crystal grating module of claim 1, wherein, ​ 10. The liquid crystal grating module of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​ 11.A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal grating module, the liquid crystal grating module comprising at least two liquid crystal gratings stacked in different grating directions, each of the liquid crystal gratings comprising an alignment layer and an electrode layer, the alignment layers of the at least two liquid crystal gratings having the same alignment direction, the electrode layer comprising a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction, the grating direction of the liquid crystal gratings being the extension direction of the first electrodes. ​ ​ The electrode layer is formed on one side of the first substrate, and the common electrode layer is formed on one side of the second substrate; the extension directions of the first electrodes of the first substrate corresponding to the at least two liquid crystal gratings are different; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; 12. The method of making according to claim 11, wherein, The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; 13. The production method according to claim 12, wherein The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; 14. The method of making according to claim 11, wherein, The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; 15.A method for preparing a liquid crystal grating module, the liquid crystal grating module comprising at least two liquid crystal gratings with different grating directions stacked together, each of the liquid crystal gratings comprising an alignment layer and an electrode layer, the electrode layer comprising a plurality of first electrodes extending along a first direction, the grating direction of the liquid crystal grating being the extending direction of the first electrodes, the alignment layer of the liquid crystal gratings of the liquid crystal grating module having a same alignment direction before the liquid crystal gratings of the liquid crystal grating module are encapsulated. The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; 16. The method of manufacturing according to claim 15, wherein, The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; 17. The method of making according to claim 15, wherein, The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from the second substrate; The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in the same plane along the third direction, and the alignment layer is formed on the side of the electrode layer away from the first substrate and the side of the common electrode layer away from The three first substrates are arranged as a group, a first of the first substrates is arranged along a fourth direction, a second of the first substrates is arranged along a fifth direction, and a third of the first substrates is arranged along a sixth direction, wherein the second of the first substrates and the third of the first substrates are symmetrical about the fourth direction; The three second substrates are arranged as a group, a first of the second substrates is arranged along the fourth direction, a second of the second substrates is arranged along the fifth direction, and a third of the second substrates is arranged along the sixth direction; The fourth direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode of the first substrate, the fourth direction is parallel to the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the first substrate and the second substrate are rectangular in shape, and the arrangement direction of the first substrate and the second substrate is the long side direction of the rectangle.

18. The method of making according to claim 15, wherein, The liquid crystal grating module comprises at least two liquid crystal gratings arranged in layers, and the grating directions of the two liquid crystal gratings are complementary; the arrangement of the plurality of first substrates and the plurality of second substrates in the same preset arrangement mode comprises: The at least two first substrates are arranged as a group, a first of the first substrates is arranged along a seventh direction, and a second of the first substrates is arranged along an eighth direction; The at least two second substrates are arranged as a group, a first of the second substrates is arranged along the seventh direction, and a second of the second substrates is arranged along the eighth direction; The angle between the seventh direction and the extension direction of the first electrode of the first substrate and the angle between the eighth direction and the extension direction of the first electrode of the second substrate are both 45°, the extension direction of the first electrode of the first substrate and the extension direction of the first electrode of the second substrate are both perpendicular to the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the first substrate and the second substrate are rectangular in shape, and the arrangement direction of the first substrate and the second substrate is the long side direction of the rectangle.

19. A three-dimensional display device comprising, in sequence, a backlight module, a spatial light modulator, a converging field lens, and the liquid crystal grating module of any one of claims 1-10.

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