High-generation substrate glass kiln based on molybdenum electrode heating, and oxidation prevention method

Abstract

Disclosed are a high-generation substrate glass kiln based on molybdenum electrode heating, and an oxidation prevention method, relating to the field of molybdenum electrode arrangement and oxidation prevention in high-generation substrate glass kilns. The kiln comprises a kiln body and multiple pairs of molybdenum electrodes. The molybdenum electrodes are inserted into the bottom of the kiln body, and an end of a molybdenum electrode located inside the kiln body is provided with a sealing sheet, a sealed gap being disposed between the molybdenum electrodes and the kiln bottom. During a heating process of the kiln body, crushed glass powder is filled into the sealed gap. In an initial state, the molybdenum electrodes are flush with bottom surface bricks, and during the heating process, the sealed gap is filled with crushed glass powder. The sealing sheet and crushed glass powder isolate the molybdenum electrodes from air, preventing the oxidation and volatilization of the molybdenum electrodes in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Description

A high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating and an oxidation prevention method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of molybdenum electrode arrangement and anti-oxidation in high-generation substrate glass furnaces, specifically to a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating and an anti-oxidation method. Background Technology

[0002] Glass products have long been widely used in the display industry. Although other materials can now replace glass in some applications, they still cannot replace its superior performance. From the traditional color picture tube industry to the current flat panel display industry, glass has always played a crucial role as a key component in display devices. It is not only an optical element but also the framework and carrier of the entire device. As the upper and lower substrates of flat panel display devices, glass requires precise micro-semiconductor processing. In the manufacturing process of substrate glass, the glass batch is first stably and smoothly fed into the feed port of the gas-electric hybrid melting furnace through a feeding system. Inside the furnace, it is melted, clarified, and homogenized to provide qualified and homogeneous glass liquid for the next process. The molten glass in the furnace is alkali-free high-alumina borosilicate glass. This glass product is mainly substrate glass for flat panel displays. With the increase in the lead-out volume of high-generation, large-volume, and ultra-fine substrate glass, new requirements are inevitably placed on the melting capacity of the furnace. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a furnace structure with molybdenum electrodes as heating elements. However, molybdenum electrode materials exhibit characteristics where they begin to oxidize at 400℃ to form MoO and MoO2, at 500-700℃ to form MoO3 (a yellow gas), and above 800℃ to form Mo2C. Therefore, above 400℃, they must be isolated from air or immersed in molten glass to meet the operating conditions of molybdenum electrodes in a reducing atmosphere. However, during the heating and firing process, if the top of the molybdenum electrode is not completely covered by molten glass, it is highly susceptible to oxidation and volatilization. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating to address the problem that existing furnace heating elements may not be able to meet the requirements for high-quality, efficient, and stable convection melting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating. It uses molybdenum electrode as the heating element and solves the problem of easy oxidation when the top of the molybdenum electrode is not completely covered by molten glass. It also achieves high-temperature stable operation of molybdenum electrode to overcome the shortcomings of existing heating elements that cannot meet the requirements of high-quality, high-efficiency and stable convection melting.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating, comprising a furnace body and multiple pairs of molybdenum electrodes. The molybdenum electrodes are inserted into the bottom of the furnace body. A sealing plate is provided at one end of the molybdenum electrode located inside the furnace body, and a sealing gap is provided between the molybdenum electrode and the bottom of the furnace body. The sealing gap is filled with crushed glass powder. A water cooling system is provided on the outer side of the portion of the molybdenum electrode located outside the furnace body. The water cooling system includes a cooling water inlet pipe and a cooling water return pipe. The cooling water inlet pipe and the cooling water return pipe form a loop and are provided on the outer side of the molybdenum electrode. Thermocouples are provided on both sides of the water cooling system.

[0006] Preferably, the crushed glass powder is a fine powder obtained by grinding products from the substrate glass production line, with a particle size of <1mm.

[0007] Preferably, the sealing sheet is an electrofused high-zirconium brick, and the ZrO2 content of the electrofused high-zirconium brick is >95%.

[0008] Preferably, the thickness of the sealing sheet is 15~25mm, and the width of the sealing gap is 1.5~2.5mm.

[0009] Preferably, the kiln body is formed by a front pool wall, a rear pool wall, two opposite pool side walls, and a pool bottom. Multiple pairs of molybdenum electrodes are arranged sequentially along the length of the pool side walls. The distance between two adjacent pairs of molybdenum electrodes is L1, the distance between the pair of molybdenum electrodes closest to the front pool wall and the front pool wall is L2, the distance between the pair of molybdenum electrodes closest to the rear pool wall and the rear pool wall is L2, 330mm < L2 < 380mm, 2Dmm < L1 < 3Dmm, where D is the diameter of the molybdenum electrode.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance between the molybdenum electrode and the inner wall of the pool sidewall is L4, where L4 > 250 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the spacing between the two molybdenum electrodes in each pair of molybdenum electrodes is L3, where 2300mm < L3 < 2400mm.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides an oxidation prevention method for a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating, comprising the following steps:

[0013] The initial installation state of the molybdenum electrode is that the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode is flush with the upper surface of the bottom of the pool. The gap is filled and sealed with crushed glass powder and covered with a sealing sheet.

[0014] The furnace body is heated; after the heating process is completed, glass batch material is injected into the furnace body to raise the glass liquid level. As the glass liquid level rises, the molybdenum electrode is pushed into the furnace body, and finally the upper surface of the molybdenum electrode is located 180~200mm below the glass liquid level.

[0015] During the process of heating the furnace body and raising the glass melt level, cooling water is introduced into the cooling water inlet pipe, and thermocouples are used for temperature monitoring and feedback to keep the temperature within the set range.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0017] To prevent high-temperature oxidation of the molybdenum electrode, this invention maintains a sealed gap between the molybdenum electrode and the bottom of the furnace, and a sealing plate is installed at the end of the molybdenum electrode located inside the furnace body. In use, the initial installation state of the molybdenum electrode is such that the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode is flush with the upper surface of the furnace bottom. Crushed glass powder is used to fill the sealed gap and cover the sealing plate. During heating, the crushed glass powder melts and fills the sealed gap, and the molten glass completely covers the side of the molybdenum electrode. Thus, during the liquid level rise, when the molybdenum electrode is not covered by molten glass, the sealing plate and the molten crushed glass powder isolate the molybdenum electrode from air contact, preventing oxidation and volatilization in an oxidizing atmosphere. This creates better operating conditions for the molybdenum electrode in a reducing atmosphere, improving the long-term, efficient, and stable operation of the bottom-inserted molybdenum electrode. During the heating and liquid level rise processes, a water-cooling system is used for cooling, and temperature monitoring is performed using thermocouples to ensure that the temperature at the molybdenum electrode monitoring point is below the set temperature, guaranteeing the stability of the molybdenum electrode. Simultaneously, the cooling effect of the water-cooling system cools the molten glass powder, preventing leakage.

[0018] Furthermore, the glass powder used in this invention is a fine powder obtained by grinding the product of the substrate glass production line, which is consistent with the material of the substrate glass to be produced. This can avoid the introduction of impurities and ensure that the quality of the substrate glass is not affected. At the same time, the particle size of the glass powder is <1mm, which can fill the sealing gap well.

[0019] Furthermore, based on the interference effect of the electrode electric field simulation and the voltage requirements between each pair of molybdenum electrodes, the positions of the bottom-inserted molybdenum electrodes in the kiln are reasonably arranged. The distances between the front and rear bottom-inserted molybdenum electrodes and the front and rear pool walls, the spacing between adjacent molybdenum electrodes, and the electrode distance between the same pair of molybdenum electrodes can be determined. This can avoid interference from electric field lines and ensure that the voltage between the same pair of molybdenum electrodes is less than 1100V. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a top view of a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the molybdenum electrode being pushed into the kiln in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram, 1. Molybdenum electrode; 2. Feed port; 3. Bottom of the tank; 4. Glass liquid level line; 5. Tank side wall; 6. Flow hole in the rear tank wall; 7. Front tank wall; 8. Sealing plate; 9. Glass liquid; 10. Broken glass powder; 11. Sealing gap; 12. Cooling water inlet pipe; 13. Cooling water return pipe; 14. Temperature monitoring point; 15. Thermocouple. Embodiments of the present invention

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0026] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating includes a furnace body and multiple pairs of molybdenum electrodes 1. The molybdenum electrodes 1 are inserted into the bottom 3 of the furnace body, and a sealing gap 11 is provided between the molybdenum electrodes 1 and the bottom 3. A sealing plate 8 is provided at one end of the molybdenum electrode 1 located inside the furnace body. The sealing gap 11 is filled with crushed glass powder 10, which covers the sealing plate 8. During the heating process of the furnace body, the sealing plate 8 can isolate the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode 1 from contact with air. The crushed glass powder melts and fills the sealing gap, isolating the outer peripheral surface of the upper end of the molybdenum electrode 1 from contact with oxygen.

[0027] The crushed glass powder is a fine powder normally ground from the substrate glass production line, and its particle size is required to be <1mm. The sealing sheet 8 is made of electrofused high zirconium brick. The sealing sheet 8 combined with the crushed glass powder 10 has a high sealing, high temperature and anti-oxidation function.

[0028] A water-cooling system is installed on the outer part of the molybdenum electrode 1 located outside the furnace body. This system includes a cooling water inlet pipe 12 and a cooling water return pipe 13, forming a loop on the outside of the molybdenum electrode 1 to cool it and prevent it from oxidizing at high temperatures. Simultaneously, the cooling effect of the water-cooling system also cools the molten glass after the glass powder has melted, achieving a sealing effect and preventing leakage.

[0029] Thermocouples 15 are installed on both sides of the water cooling system for temperature detection. A temperature monitoring point 14 is installed on one side of the molybdenum electrode 1. The temperature of the temperature monitoring point 14 is controlled to be less than 200°C by the water cooling system.

[0030] The molybdenum electrode 1 is initially installed flush with the bottom of the pool 3, that is, the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode is flush with the upper surface of the bottom of the pool. As the glass liquid level line 4 rises, the molybdenum electrode 1 is pushed into the furnace body. Finally, the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode 1 is located 180~200mm below the glass liquid level line 4 to prevent the electrode from being exposed and oxidized.

[0031] In some embodiments, the molybdenum electrode used has a specification of φ200. 2000mm, material properties: melting point > 2620℃, density > 10.23g / cm³ 3 The coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature is <5.1×10⁻⁶. -6 Critical current density: 0.4~0.7 A / cm³ at / ℃ 2 .

[0032] In some embodiments, the thermocouple 15 outside the molybdenum electrode is a type B thermocouple for temperature monitoring. Its positive and negative electrode materials conform to national standards, with the positive electrode being PtRh30 and the negative electrode being PtRh6. The diameter of its thermocouple core wire is 0.8mm.

[0033] In some embodiments, the kiln body is formed by a front pool wall 7, a rear pool wall, two opposing pool side walls 5, and a pool bottom 3, and multiple pairs of molybdenum electrodes 1 are arranged sequentially along the length of the pool side walls 5.

[0034] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent pairs of molybdenum electrodes 1 is L1, the distance between the pair of molybdenum electrodes 1 closest to the front pool wall 7 and the front pool wall 7 is L2, and the distance between the pair of molybdenum electrodes 1 closest to the rear pool wall and the rear pool wall is also L2. To avoid interference between the electric field lines of the rod-shaped molybdenum electrode circuit and the front and rear pool walls (interference will occur when the electric field lines are less than 300mm from the front and rear pool walls or between two adjacent molybdenum electrodes), therefore, 330mm < L2 < 380mm; 2Dmm < L1 < 3Dmm, where D is the diameter of the molybdenum electrode. Therefore, the arrangement distance of multiple pairs of molybdenum electrodes 1 is: L = n L1+2L2, where L is the total length of the pool sidewall 5 and n is the number of logarithms of the molybdenum electrode 1.

[0035] In some embodiments, the distance between the two molybdenum electrodes 1 in each pair of molybdenum electrodes 1 is L3. To prevent the circuit voltage from being too high (the voltage between the same pair of molybdenum electrodes needs to be <1100V), 2300mm < L3 < 2400mm, so that the circuit voltage is ≤1100V.

[0036] This invention takes into account the electric field interference effect. The voltage limitation between each pair of molybdenum electrodes and the relative positional relationship between the molybdenum electrode end face and the glass liquid surface can ensure that the electric field lines between the molybdenum electrode heating elements do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the long-term, efficient and stable operation of the bottom-inserted molybdenum electrode.

[0037] In some embodiments, the distance between the molybdenum electrode 1 and the inner wall of the pool sidewall 5 is L4. To prevent excessive local Joule heating from accelerating the erosion rate of the pool sidewall, L4 > 250 mm.

[0038] In some embodiments, a feeding port 2 is provided on the front pool wall 7, and a rear pool wall flow hole 6 is provided on the rear pool wall.

[0039] In some embodiments, the pool bottom 3, pool sidewalls 5, front pool wall 7, rear pool wall, and sealing plate 8 are all made of fused high-zirconium bricks, wherein the fused high-zirconium bricks have a density > 5.4 g / cm³. 3 ZrO2 content > 95%, apparent porosity < 3%.

[0040] In some embodiments, the thickness of the sealing sheet 8 is 15~25mm, for example 20mm; the width of the sealing gap 11 is 1.5~2.5mm, for example 2mm.

[0041] The present invention also provides an oxidation prevention method for a high-generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating, comprising:

[0042] The initial installation state of the molybdenum electrode 1 is that the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode is flush with the upper surface of the bottom of the pool. The gap 11 is filled and sealed with crushed glass powder 10 and covered with a sealing sheet.

[0043] The furnace body is heated up. During the heating process, the crushed glass powder 10 melts and fills the sealing gap 11. After the heating process is completed, glass batch material is added into the furnace body. The glass batch material melts into glass liquid 9. The glass liquid level line 4 gradually rises. As the glass liquid level line 4 rises, the molybdenum electrode 1 is pushed into the furnace body. During the pushing process, the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode 1 is always kept below the glass liquid level line 4. Finally, the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode 1 is 180~200mm below the glass liquid level line 4.

[0044] During the process of heating the furnace body and raising the glass liquid level 4, the water cooling system is operated, and thermocouples 15 are used for temperature monitoring and feedback to keep the temperature within the set range.

[0045] Specifically, in some embodiments, the oxidation prevention method for high-generation substrate glass furnaces based on molybdenum electrode heating according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0046] A sealing sheet 8 is formed by covering the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode 1 with an electrofused high zirconium brick with a thickness of about 20 mm; a sealing gap 11 is set between the molybdenum electrode 1 and the bottom of the pool 3, and the width of the sealing gap 11 is about 2 mm.

[0047] The initial installation state of the molybdenum electrode 1 is such that the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode is flush with the upper surface of the bottom of the pool; the sealed gap 11 is filled with crushed glass powder 10 and covered with a sealing sheet 8. The crushed glass powder is a fine powder normally ground from the substrate glass production line, and its particle size is required to be <1mm. A water cooling system and a thermocouple 15 are set on both sides of the molybdenum electrode. During the heating process, the water cooling system runs continuously, and the thermocouple 15 monitors and provides temperature feedback to ensure that the temperature is lower than the temperature at which the molybdenum electrode can be oxidized.

[0048] After the heating process is completed, glass batch material is added into the furnace body. The glass batch material melts into glass liquid 9, and the glass liquid level line 4 gradually rises. As the glass liquid level line 4 rises, the molybdenum electrode 1 is pushed into the furnace body. During the pushing process, the upper end face of the molybdenum electrode 1 is always kept below the glass liquid level line 4. Finally, the upper end surface of the molybdenum electrode 1 is 180~200mm below the glass liquid level line 4.

[0049] During the propulsion of molybdenum electrode 1 into the furnace body, if the resistance is too great, the water cooling system is stopped to reduce the viscosity of the molten glass in the sealing gap and ensure normal propulsion. After propulsion is completed, the water cooling system resumes operation to cool the molten glass in the sealing gap and achieve complete sealing.

[0050] This invention can solve the problem that molybdenum electrodes are easily oxidized and volatilized when the top of the electrode is not completely covered by molten glass, and realize a high-generation substrate glass furnace with high-quality and high-efficiency melting of furnace batches for larger tonnage furnaces.

[0051] The mechanism of using crushed glass powder to seal the upper end of the bottom-inserted molybdenum electrode in this invention is mainly based on the following key factors:

[0052] 1. Isolate oxygen to prevent oxidation

[0053] Molybdenum readily reacts with oxygen at high temperatures (especially >400℃) to form molybdenum oxide (MoO3), leading to rapid electrode wear. Molten glass powder, after melting at high temperatures in a furnace, forms a dense molten glass layer that covers the surface of the molybdenum electrode, effectively isolating it from air and preventing oxidation, thus extending the electrode's lifespan.

[0054] 2. Sealing and leak prevention

[0055] Molten glass fills the sealing gap between the molybdenum electrode and the bottom of the furnace (electrominated high-zirconium brick), forming a physical seal to prevent high-temperature molten glass from leaking out from the molybdenum electrode insertion point. Simultaneously, the sealing layer reduces heat loss and improves the furnace's thermal efficiency.

[0056] 3. Thermal expansion adaptability

[0057] The molybdenum electrode and the bottom of the tank (electrominated high-zirconium brick) have different coefficients of thermal expansion, which may generate stress at high temperatures. The molten glass layer has a certain degree of fluidity and plasticity, which can buffer the stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion and avoid structural cracking or electrode damage.

[0058] 4. Chemical compatibility

[0059] The glass crushed powder is selected from materials with the same composition as those used in the substrate glass production line to ensure that no impurities are introduced after the glass crushed powder is melted, thus avoiding contamination of the molten glass and ensuring product quality.

[0060] 5. Adaptability to operating procedures

[0061] The crushed glass powder is filled in solid granular form during installation, which facilitates construction positioning; after heating, it gradually melts as the kiln temperature rises, naturally forming a sealing layer. The process is simple and does not require additional complex equipment.

[0062] The molybdenum electrode retains its conductivity in the molten glass, directly heating the molten glass through the Joule effect. While the molten glass layer exhibits some conductivity at high temperatures, its primary function remains protecting the molybdenum electrode. The particle size of the crushed glass powder must be appropriate to ensure suitable fluidity after melting, enough to cover the surface of the molybdenum electrode without causing leakage to the bottom of the tank due to excessive flow.

[0063] In summary, the pulverized glass powder sealant provides crucial protection for the molybdenum electrode under high-temperature conditions through a synergistic effect of physical and chemical processes, and is an important guarantee for the reliable operation of the electrode system in glass furnaces.

[0064] As is known from common technical knowledge, the present invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above are merely illustrative in all respects and are not the only ones; all modifications within the scope of the present invention or equivalent to the scope of the present invention are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating, characterized by, The application relates to a molybdenum electrode furnace body, which comprises a furnace body and a plurality of pairs of molybdenum electrodes (1), the molybdenum electrodes (1) are arranged on a pool bottom (3) of the furnace body, one end of the molybdenum electrodes (1) in the furnace body is provided with a sealing sheet (8), and a sealing gap (11) is arranged between the molybdenum electrodes (1) and the pool bottom (3); the sealing gap (11) is filled with glass powder (10); the outer side of the molybdenum electrodes (1) outside the furnace body is provided with a water cooling system, the water cooling system comprises a cooling water inlet pipeline (12) and a cooling water return pipeline (13), the cooling water inlet pipeline (12) and the cooling water return pipeline (13) are arranged outside the molybdenum electrodes (1) and form a loop, and thermocouples (15) are arranged on the two sides of the water cooling system.

2. A high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The glass powder (10) is fine powder obtained by grinding a base plate glass production line product, and the particle size is less than 1 mm.

3. A high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The sealing sheet (8) is an electrically fused high-zirconia brick, and the content of ZrO2 in the electrically fused high-zirconia brick is greater than 95%.

4. A high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the sealing sheet (8) is 15-25 mm, and the width of the sealing gap (11) is 1.5-2.5 mm.

5. A high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The furnace body is surrounded by a front pool wall (7), a rear pool wall, two opposite pool side walls (5) and the pool bottom (3), and the plurality of pairs of molybdenum electrodes (1) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the pool side wall (5); the distance between two adjacent pairs of molybdenum electrodes (1) is L1, the distance between the pair of molybdenum electrodes (1) closest to the front pool wall (7) and the front pool wall (7) is L2, the distance between the pair of molybdenum electrodes (1) closest to the rear pool wall and the rear pool wall is L2, 330 mm < L2 < 380 mm, 2D mm < L1 < 3D mm, and D is the diameter of the molybdenum electrode.

6. A high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The distance between the molybdenum electrode (1) and the inner wall of the pool side wall (5) is L4, and L4 > 250 mm.

7. A high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The distance between the two molybdenum electrodes (1) in each pair of molybdenum electrodes (1) is L3, and 2300 mm < L3 < 2400 mm.

8. A method of preventing oxidation of a high generation substrate glass furnace based on molybdenum electrode heating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The application comprises the following steps: The initial installation state of the molybdenum electrode (1) is flush with the upper surface of the pool bottom (3), the sealing gap (11) is filled with the glass powder (10) and the sealing sheet (8) is covered; The furnace body is heated, glass batch is added into the furnace body after the heating process is completed, the glass liquid level line (4) is raised, the molybdenum electrode (1) is pushed into the furnace body along with the rising of the glass liquid level line (4), and finally the upper end surface of the molybdenum electrode (1) is located below the glass liquid level line (4) by 180-200 mm. During the heating of the furnace body and the rising of the glass liquid level line (4), the water cooling system is operated, and the temperature is monitored and fed back by the thermocouple (15) so that the temperature is kept in the set range.

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