Thermally conductive composition, thermally conductive gel, and use thereof
A thermally conductive gel composition with specific components addresses delamination and maintains thermal conductivity, enhancing heat dissipation in electronic devices.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/109979
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Conventional thermally conductive gels used in electronic devices suffer from delamination issues due to lack of elasticity, which compromises their ability to maintain contact and dissipate heat effectively, especially in applications involving deformation.
A thermally conductive composition comprising alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane, organohydrogenpolysiloxane, silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane, alkoxy group-terminated linear polyorganosiloxane, and thermally conductive filler particles, cured to form a gel with a Shore-00 hardness of 20 to less than 65, providing improved elasticity and thermal conductivity.
The composition effectively addresses delamination issues while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity, ensuring reliable heat dissipation in electronic devices.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024109979-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024109979-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Thermally Conductive Composition, Thermally Conductive Gel, and Use ThereofTechnical field
[0001] The present invention relates to a thermally conductive composition, a thermally conductive gel cured therefrom, a process for preparing the gel, an article comprising the gel, and the use thereof. The thermally conductive gel cured from the thermally conductive composition of the present invention exhibits good anti-delamination property, while maintaining excellent flowability and thermal conductivity.Background of the invention
[0002] With the development of electronic devices towards integration, miniaturization and high energy density, the heat generation of electronic devices also increases exponentially, which puts higher requirements on the heat dissipation performance of systems. An effective method for improving the heat dissipation is to transfer the heat generated by the devices via thermally conductive, insulative polymer interface materials. Silicone materials have excellent properties, such as high-temperature resistance, flame retardancy, good weather resistance, good electrical insulation, chemical inertness, and the like. They can meet the requirements of electronic devices, and are widely used to prepare thermal conductive interface materials (TIM) .
[0003] From a microscopic perspective, the surfaces of materials are rough, and the contact between the heat source interface and the heat dissipation interface is incomplete. There are many uneven gaps between contact surfaces, which will be occupied by air with extremely low thermal conductivity, thereby reducing the heat dissipation effect. The purpose of using TIM is to fill the gaps between the contact surfaces, reduce the contact thermal resistance, and improve heat transfer efficiency.
[0004] There are many types of TIMs, including thermally conductive potting adhesives, thermally conductive silicone greases, thermally conductive pads, thermally conductive gels, and the like. Insufficient contact between the thermally conductive pads and the heat-generating components results in a very high contact thermal resistance therebetween, which seriously hinders the heat conduction. Thermally conductive silicone grease is in a semi-fluid state, and will flow when compressed, thereby allowing the heat-generating components and the heat-dissipating components to fully contact and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance. However, the thermally conductive silicone grease is in an uncured state, and oils therein will slowly precipitate over time, greatly narrowing the application fields thereof. Thermally conductive gel material is a precured, one-part, pasty gap filling material. It has excellent structural practicability and surface bonding performance for uneven surfaces of devices or irregular gap interfaces and is an ideal material for irregular interface applications.
[0005] However, there are still many aspects to be improved in the thermally conductive gels. For example, the heat-generating assembly may deform during operation. When deformation occurs, the gap between the assembly and the PCB substrate can change. If the thermal conductive gel lacks elasticity, the thermally conductive gels may delaminate or detach from the assembly, preventing it from functioning properly.
[0006] In view of foregoing, there remains a need in the art for developing an improved thermally conductive gel which would address the delamination problem as described above and would find use in a variety of applications for heat dissipation.Summary of the invention
[0007] The present inventors have conducted intensive studies, and found that the aforesaid object can be achieved utilizing a thermally conductive composition as expatiated hereinafter. As compared with conventional thermally conductive gel materials, the thermally conductive gel formed by curing the thermally conductive composition can significantly migrate the delamination issue mentioned above while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity, and can be used for efficiently and reliably dissipating heat generating from electronic devices on electric vehicles or telecom and datacom devices.
[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermally conductive composition, comprising:
[0009] (A) at least one alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane;
[0010] (B) at least one organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;
[0011] (C) at least one silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane;
[0012] (D) at least one alkoxy group-terminated linear polyorganosiloxane without containing any alkenyl groups in the molecule;
[0013] (E) at least one thermally conductive filler particles, and
[0014] (F) at least one catalyst;
[0015] wherein the cured product of the thermally conductive composition has a Shore-00 hardness of from 20 to less than 65 when cured at 125℃ for 1 hour, as determined by the standard ASTM D2240.
[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermally conductive gel, which is a cured product of the thermally conductive composition of the first aspect.
[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a thermally conductive gel.
[0018] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising the thermally conductive gel of the second aspect or prepared by the process of the third aspect.
[0019] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a use of the thermally conductive composition of the first aspect, the thermally conductive gel of the second aspect, or the thermally conductive gel prepared by the process of the third aspect in manufacturing an electronic device.Detailed description of the invention
[0020] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention. Each aspect so described may be combined with any other aspect (s) , unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
[0021] All terms used in the present invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. By means of further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention. In case of conflict, the present invention, including definitions, will control.
[0022] The singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” as used herein include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0023] Unless specified otherwise, the recitation of numerical end points includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited end points.
[0024] The term “at least one” or “one or more” used herein for defining a component refers to the type of the component, and not to the absolute number of molecules.
[0025] The terms “comprising” , “comprises” and “comprised of” as used herein are synonymous with “including” , “includes” , “containing” or “contains” , are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited components, members, elements or method steps. The term “consisting of” excludes any element, ingredient, member or method step not specified.
[0026] When amounts, concentrations, dimensions and other parameters are expressed in the form of a range, a preferable range, an upper limit value, a lower limit value or preferable upper and limit values, it should be understood that any ranges obtainable by combining any upper limit or preferable value with any lower limit or preferable value are also specifically disclosed, irrespective of whether the obtained ranges are clearly mentioned in the context.
[0027] The term “gel” as used herein refers to a semi-solid state of material in which self-flowing is impossible but its shape can be adjusted via an external force. In the present invention, the term “gel” can be used interchangeably with the term “paste” .
[0028] Unless specified otherwise, “D50 particle size” as used herein refers to a median diameter in a volume-based particle size distribution curve obtained by a laser diffraction method.
[0029] The term “C1-Cn alkyl” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that contains 1 to n carbons atoms, that is a radical of an alkane and includes linear and branched organic groups. Examples of alkyl groups include, but not limiting to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and 2-ethylhexyl, and isomers thereof.
[0030] The term “alkoxy” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OR wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Examples of alkoxy groups include, but not limiting to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, iso-propyloxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, and n-heptyloxy, and isomers thereof.
[0031] The term “C3-C20 cycloalkyl” as used herein is understood to mean a saturated, mono-or polycyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but not limiting to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantine, and norbornane, and isomers thereof.
[0032] The term “C6-C20 aryl” as used herein used alone or as part of a larger moiety -refers to monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems in which the monocyclic ring system is aromatic or at least one of the rings in a bicyclic or tricyclic ring system is aromatic. The bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems include benzofused 2-3 membered carbocyclic rings. Examples of aryl groups include, but not limiting to, phenyl, indenyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroindenyl, and tetrahydroanthracenyl, and isomers thereof.
[0033] The term “aralkyl” as used herein refers to group in which an aryl group -as defined above -replaces at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group, also as defined above.
[0034] The term “catalyst” as used herein refers to a substance that increases the rate or decreases the activation energy of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
[0035] The term “room temperature” as used herein refers to 23℃ ± 2℃.
[0036] Unless specified otherwise, all the molecular weights used herein refers to weight average molecular weights (Mw) , which are obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to DIN 55672.
[0037] The viscosity as used herein is measured at room temperature using a Brookfield viscometer according to known method (s) , unless otherwise specified.
[0038] Thermally Conductive Composition
[0039] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a thermally conductive composition, comprising, based on total weight of the composition:
[0040] (A) at least one alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane;
[0041] (B) at least one organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;
[0042] (C) at least one silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane;
[0043] (D) at least one alkoxy group-terminated linear polyorganosiloxane without containing any alkenyl groups in the molecule;
[0044] (E) at least one thermally conductive filler particles, and
[0045] (F) at least one catalyst;
[0046] wherein the cured product of the thermally conductive composition has a Shore-00 hardness of from 20 to less than 65 when cured at 125℃ for 1 hour, as determined by the standard ASTM D2240.
[0047] Each of these components in the thermally conductive composition will be illustrated hereinafter in detail.
[0048] Component (A) Alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane
[0049] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises (A) an alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane.
[0050] As used herein, “alkenyl” refers to a radical of a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 double bonds) (i.e., C2-40 alkenyl) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 30 carbon atoms ( “C2-30 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 20 carbon atoms ( “C2-20 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 10 carbon atoms ( “C2-10 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms ( “C2-9 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms (“C2-8 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms ( “C2-7 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms ( “C2-6 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms ( “C2-5 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms ( “C2-4 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms (“C2-3 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 carbon atoms ( “C2 alkenyl” ) . The one or more carbon-carbon double bonds may be internal (such as in 2-butenyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butenyl) . Examples of C2-4 alkenyl groups include ethenyl (C2) , 1-propenyl (C3) , 2-propenyl (C3) , 1-butenyl (C4) , 2-butenyl (C4) , butadienyl (C4) , and the like. Examples of C2-6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkenyl groups, as well as pentenyl (C5) , pentadienyl (C5) , hexenyl (C6) , and the like. Additional examples of alkenyl group include heptenyl (C7) , octenyl (C8) , octatrienyl (C8) , and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkenyl group may be independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkenyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted alkenyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is an unsubstituted C2-30 alkenyl. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is a substituted C2-30 alkenyl.
[0051] In some embodiments, the quantity of alkenyl groups is within a range from 0.01 to 10 wt. %, and preferably from 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polyorganosiloxane. The alkenyl groups may be bonded to silicon atoms at the terminals of the molecular chain, to non-terminal silicon atoms within the molecular chain, or to both these types of silicon atoms, although from the viewpoints of ensuring a good curing rate for the composition and producing favorable physical properties for the cured product, the polyorganosiloxane should comprise at least one alkenyl group, preferably two alkenyl groups bonded to a molecular chain terminal silicon atom, and preferably to the silicon atoms at both terminals of the molecular chain.
[0052] There is no particular restriction on the molecular structure of component (A) , including but not limited to straight chain structures, cyclic structures, branched chain structures, partially branched straight chain structures and three-dimensional network structures, or mixtures thereof.
[0053] The alkenyl group in the component (A) is preferably a vinyl group. Specific examples of the vinyl-containing polyorganosiloxane include the compounds represented by formulas (I-1) to (I-5) as shown as below:
[0054] In which,
[0055] - R each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group bonded to a silicon atom, but excluding alkenyl groups;
[0056] - n independently is an integer of from 0 to 5000,
[0057] - m, if present, independently is an integer of from 1 to 5000, and
[0058] - the sum of n and m ranges from 5 to 10000.
[0059] In the formulas (I-1) to (I-5) above, R each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group bonded to a silicon atom, but excluding alkenyl groups, as described above. Preferably, R each independently represents C1-C30 linear alkyl groups, preferably selected from methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, ntridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, noctadecyl group, n-nonadecyl group, and n-eicosyl group; C1-C30 branched alkyl groups, preferably selected from isopropyl group, t-butyl group, isobutyl group, 2-methylundecyl group, and 1-hexylheptyl group; C3-C20 cycloalkyl groups, preferably selected from a cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclododecyl group; C6-C20 aryl groups, preferably selected from a phenyl group, tolyl group, and xylyl group; C7-C20 aralkyl groups, preferably selected from a benzyl group, phenethyl group, and 2- (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) propyl group; and halogenated C1-C30 alkyl groups, preferably selected from 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl group and 3-chloropropyl group. In a most preferred embodiment, R is a methyl group or a phenyl group.
[0060] In the formulas (I-1) to (I-5) above, n independently is an integer of from 0 to 5000, such as 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, or any ranges between two above-listed values; m (if present) independently is an integer of from 1 to 5000, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, or any ranges between two above-listed values; n+m (if present) ranges from 5 to 10000, such as 6, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500 or any ranges between two above-listed values.
[0061] In the formulas (I-1) to (I-5) above, the formula (I-5) is particularly preferred.
[0062] The component (A) may be used either alone, or in combinations of two or more different compounds. Most preferably, the component (A) is a polydimethylsiloxane end-capped with a vinyl group at both terminals of the backbone.
[0063] Preferably, the content of the vinyl group in the vinyl-containing polyorganosiloxane is 0.05 to 3 wt. %, for example, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0064] In some embodiments, the alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane may have a viscosity in a range from at least 80 mPa·s, preferably no less than 100 mPa·s, for example, 80, 100, 120, 150, 170, 200, 130, 250, 280, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3200, 3400, 3600, 3800, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 18000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000, 60000, 70000, 80000, 90000, 100000, 110000, 120000, 130000, 140000, 150000, 160000, 170000, 180000, 190000, 200000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0065] There is no particular restriction on the molecular weight of component (A) , and preferably in a range from 3000 to 20000 g / mol.
[0066] The alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane can be prepared via any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art or are commercially available. For example, the alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane are available under the tradenames of RH-Vi305, RH-Vi311, RH-Vi322, RH-Vi321, RH-Vi395, RH-Vi392, RH-Vi393, RH-Vi70E, RH-Vi100E, RH-Vi500E, RH-Vi1000E from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0067] The alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane may be present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt. %, such as 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on total weight of the composition.
[0068] (B) Organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule
[0069] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule.
[0070] The component (B) may have an average of at least two, and preferably three or more -Si-H groups per molecule, and these -Si-H groups may be positioned at the terminal silicon atoms of the molecular chain, at non-terminal silicon atoms, or at both these positions. The -Si-H groups in the component (B) and alkenyl groups in the component (A) are added by a hydrosilylation reaction promoted by component (F) catalyst described below, so as to generate a three-dimensional crosslinked structure.
[0071] The organohydrogenpolysiloxane may be linear or branched, and is preferably represented by formula (II) :
[0072] in which:
[0073] - R1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, provided that at least two of R1 groups are hydrogen atoms, and
[0074] - e represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 2 to 500, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, 400, 420, 440, 460, 480, 500.
[0075] Specific examples of component (B) include, but not limiting to, dimethylhydrosilyl-terminated dimethylpolysiloxane, trimethylsilyl-terminated (methylhydro) (dimethyl) polysiloxane, dimethylhydrosilyl-terminated (methylhydro) (dimethyl) polysiloxane, and cyclic methylhydropolysiloxane.
[0076] The component (B) can be prepared using any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art or is commercially available. For example, the component (B) is commercially available under the tradenames of RH-DH02, RH-DH04, RH-DH07, RH-H503, RH-H33, RH-H57, RH-86D, RH-LHC-2 from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0077] The component (B) may be present in the composition in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 wt. %, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt. %, such as 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07, 0.075, 0.08, 0.085, 0.09, 0.095, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on total weight of the composition.
[0078] Although the respective amounts of the components (A) and (B) are defined above, the molar ratio of alkenyl groups in component (A) and the -Si-H groups in component (B) should be within a specified range. Preferably, the molar ratio of the alkenyl groups in component (A) and the -Si-H groups in component (B) should be within a range of 4 to 10, and preferably 6 to 9, such as 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, 6, 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7, 7.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.8, 8, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6, 8.8, 9 or any ranges between two numbers listed above. If the molar ratio is below the specified lower limit, the excessive component (B) will unduly crosslink the component (A) , which leads to an excessively high viscosity, an excessively low flow rate, a failure of forming a thermally conductive gel, and even a generation of a solid thermally conductive pad. If the molar ratio is above the specified upper limit, the insufficient component (B) cannot impart a desired crosslinking degree, and the a thermally conductive gel may have a potential to crack when used.
[0079] Component (C) Silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane
[0080] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises (C) at least one silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane, acting as a flow control agent in the composition.
[0081] The component (C) may have an average of at least one, and preferably two or more hydroxyl groups positioned at the terminal silicone atoms of the molecular chain.
[0082] The component (C) does not contain any alkenyl groups, and is preferably represented by formula (III) :
[0083] in which:
[0084] - R2 each independently represents a hydroxyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one R2 is a hydroxyl group,
[0085] - R3 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and
[0086] - x represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably from 40 to 80.
[0087] Specific examples of component (C) include, but not limiting to, α, terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, silanol-terminated fluorosilicones, silanol-terminated polytrifluoropropylmethylsiloxane.
[0088] Preferably, the content of the hydroxyl group in the silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane is 0.01 to 10 wt. %, for example, 0.012, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.0, 3.4, 3.8, 4.0, 4.4, 4.8, 5.0, 5.4, 5.8, 6.0, 6.4, 6.8, 7.0, 7.4, 7.8, 8.4, 8.6, 8.8 9.0, 9.4, 9.8 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0089] In some embodiments, the silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane may have a viscosity in a range from 10 to 50000 mPa·s, and preferably in a range of from 60 to 3000 mPa·s, for example, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 170, 200, 130, 250, 280, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0090] There is no particular restriction on the molecular weight of component (C) , and preferably in a range from 300 to 50,000 g / mol.
[0091] The component (C) can be prepared using any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or is commercially available. For example, the component (C) is commercially available under the tradenames of AndisilTM MOH100, MOH1000, MOH50000 from AB Specialty Silicones, DMS-S12, DMS-S14, DMS-S15, DMS-S21, DMS-S27, DMS-S31 from Gelest.
[0092] The component (C) may be present in the composition in an amount of 0.01 to 1.5 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 1.3 wt. %, and more preferably 0.3 to 1.1 wt. %, such as 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.1 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on total weight of the composition.
[0093] Component (D) alkoxy group-terminated linear polyorganosiloxane without containing any alkenyl groups in the molecule
[0094] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises component (D) at least one alkoxy group-terminated linear polyorganosiloxane without containing any alkenyl groups in the molecule, acting as an anti-delamination agent in the composition.
[0095] The component (D) is a linear polyorganosiloxane which may have an average of at least one, preferably two, three or more alkoxy groups positioned at one or both terminal silicone atoms of the molecular chain. The introduction of alkoxyl group (s) could increase wetting capability between the thermally conductive gel and electronic substrate surface, which further can increase the bonding strength of the silicone gel to the substrate, due to the hydrolysis of alkoxy groups and forming chemical bonds. Examples of alkoxy groups include, but not limiting to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, iso-propyloxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, and n-heptyloxy, and isomers thereof.
[0096] In addition to the alkoxy groups, the component (D) may have unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group positioned at one or both terminal silicone atoms of the molecular chain. Notably, the component (D) does not contain any alkenyl groups. If alkenyl groups are present, the polyorganosiloxane may react with the component (B) , forming a three-dimensional crosslinked structure instead of a linear one, which may compromise the anti-delamination properties.
[0097] The component (D) can be represented by formula (IV) :
[0098] in which:
[0099] - R4 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group,
[0100] - R5 represents an oxygen atom or a C1-C3 alkyl group, preferably a linear C1-C3 alkyl group,
[0101] - y represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably from 10 to 500, more preferably from 50 to 500, and
[0102] - a each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
[0103] In the formula (IV) , y is an integer of 1 or more, preferably from 10 to 500, more preferably from 50 to 500, such as 55, 60, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, 400, 420, 440, 460. The longer linear chain enhances viscoelasticity and improves compatibility between the thermally conductive filler particles described below and polymers in the thermally conductive gel, ensuring the gel possesses both sufficient cohesion and elasticity.
[0104] In a more preferred embodiment, the component (D) has three alkoxy groups bonded to one terminal silicone and has alkyl groups bonded to the other terminal silicone of the molecular chain. A specific example can be represented by formula (IV-1) :
[0105] wherein the R4, R5 and y are defined the same as described above in formula (IV) , preferably R4 each independently represents C1-C3 alkyl group. When the component (D) of the formula (IV-1) is present in the thermally conductive composition, the -OCH3 bonded at one terminal silicone atom of the molecule can undergo hydrolysis to form silanol groups, which orient towards the surface of the thermally conductive filler particles. Meanwhile, the alkyl groups at the other terminal silicone atom of the molecule orient towards the surface of the polymers in the composition, thereby achieving a strong bond and imparting great elasticity to the gel, which improves its anti-delamination properties.
[0106] Specific examples of component (D) include, but not limiting to, monomethoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, trimethoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dimethoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.
[0107] Preferably, the content of the alkoxy groups in the component (D) is 0.01 to 10 wt. %, for example, 0.012, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.0, 3.4, 3.8, 4.0, 4.4, 4.8, 5.0, 5.4, 5.8, 6.0, 6.4, 6.8, 7.0, 7.4, 7.8, 8.0, 8.4, 8.8, 9.2, 9.4, 9.6, 9.8 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0108] In some embodiments, the component (D) may have a viscosity in a range from 10 to 10000 mPa·s, and preferably in a range of from 60 to 3000 mPa·s, for example, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 170, 200, 130, 250, 280, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0109] There is no particular restriction on the molecular weight of component (D) , and preferably in a range from 300 to 50000 g / mol.
[0110] The component (D) can be prepared using any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or is commercially available. For example, the component (D) is commercially available under the tradenames of TPD-206 from Fuzhou Topda New Material Co., Ltd, SiSiB PF1071 and SiSiB PF1073 from Nanjing SiSiB Silicones Co., Ltd.
[0111] In one embodiment, the component (D) can be prepared by reacting (D1) an alkenyl group-terminated linear polysiloxane end-capped with at least one methoxy group, with (D2) a hydride terminated polysiloxane, in the presence of a catalyst, such as a platinum-based catalyst.
[0112] The component (D1) can be a linear polysiloxane having a vinyl group at one terminal silicone atom and at least one methoxy group at the other terminal silicone atom in the molecule. Examples of the component (D1) include VDF-30 from Shanghai Junchen Material Corporation; and examples of the component (D2) include RH-H222, RH-222-10 and RH-222-3 from Zhejiang Runhe Silicone New materials Co., Ltd.
[0113] An exemplary process of preparing the component (D) comprising the following steps:
[0114] (1) mixing (D1) an alkenyl group-terminated linear polysiloxane end-capped with at least one methoxy group, with (D2) a hydride terminated polysiloxane under vacuum, and
[0115] (2) adding a catalyst and mixing until homogeneous mixture is obtained.
[0116] To ensure the obtained component (D) has a linear structure, the hydride terminated polysiloxane in step (1) do not contain have any pendant hydrogen.
[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst in the step (2) is the component (F) described below and can be in excess, allowing it to be utilized for crosslinking the component (A) and component (B) in the subsequent steps.
[0118] The component (D) may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 4 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 3.8 wt. %, and more preferably 0.1 to 3.6 wt. %, such as 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on total weight of the composition.
[0119] Component (E) thermally conductive filler particles
[0120] According to the present invention, the thermally conductive silicone composition comprises (E) at least one thermally conductive filler particles.
[0121] The component (E) may be selected from alumina, aluminum nitride, fumed silica, precipitated silica, fumed titanium oxide, diamond, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from diamond, alumina, aluminum nitride, and any combination thereof.
[0122] Preferably, the component (E) comprises at least one surface-treated diamond particles (E-1) .
[0123] The surface-treated diamond particles (E-1) may have a D50 particle size of more than 70 μm. Herein, the "D50 particle size" of the surface-treated diamond particles represents a median diameter in a volume-basis particle size distribution curve obtained by measurement with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The shape of the surface-treated diamond particles used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
[0124] The surface-treated diamond particles may be surface treated with a surface treating agent such as a silane compound, an organotitanium compound, an organoaluminium compound or a phosphate compound, and preferably with the silane compound.
[0125] In preferred embodiments, the amount of the surface treating agent adhered to the diamond particles is, with respect to the weight of diamond particles, for example, from 0.01%to 2%by weight, preferably from 0.02%to 1.5%by weight, more preferably from no less than 0.03%to 1%by weight. If the content of surface treating agent is within the range defined above, the diamond particles will have improved compatibility with other thermally conductive particles.
[0126] The silane compound to be used for the surface treatment is not especially limited, and examples thereof include alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes; and the alkoxysilanes are preferable. When the diamond particles surface-treated with the silane compound, it is easy to conform to the silicon polymer matrix, making it easy for the amount of the diamond particles blended in the thermal conductive composition to be increased.
[0127] Examples of the alkoxysilanes include alkoxysilanes having a reactive group and alkoxysilanes having no reactive group. The reactive group of the alkoxysilanes having a reactive group is selected, for example, from an epoxy group, a (meth) acryloyl group, an amino group, a vinyl group, a ureido group, a mercapto group and an isocyanate group.
[0128] Examples of alkoxysilanes having an epoxy group include 2- (3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane. Examples of alkoxysilanes having a (meth) acryloyl group include 3-(meth) acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3- (meth) acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(meth) acryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane and 3- (meth) acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane. Examples of silane compounds having an amino group include alkoxysilanes such as N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Examples of silane compounds having a vinyl group include vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysilane. Examples of alkoxysilanes having a mercapto group include 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane. Examples of alkoxysilanes having a ureido group include 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane. Examples of alkoxysilanes having an isocyanate group include 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane. Further, Examples of the alkoxysilanes having no reactive group include trialkoxysilanes such as aryltrialkoxysilanes, alkyltrialkoxysilanes, and dialkoxysilanes such as dialkyldialkoxysilanes and diaryldialkoxysilanes, and among these, trialkoxysilanes such as alkyltrialkoxysilanes are preferable. Examples of the alkyltrialkoxysilanes include alkyltrialkoxysilanes in which the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is about 1 to 10, such as methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, n-proyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane and n-decyltrimethoxysilane. Further, Examples of the aryltrimethoxysilanes include aryltrimethoxysilanes in which the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is about 6 to 10, such as phenyltrimethoxysilane, benzyltrimethoxy silane and tolyltrimethoxysilane. Further, Examples of the dialkoxysilanes include dimethyldimethoxysilane and dimethyldiethoxysilane. As a preferable aspect of the silane compounds, there is used a polymeric silane compound being a reaction product of an alkoxysilane having a reactive group with a polyorganosiloxane having a functional group reactive with the reactive group.
[0129] The suitable polymeric silane compound can be obtained, for example, by mixing the alkoxysilane having a reactive group with the polyorganosiloxane and allowing these to react under heating in the presence of a catalyst such as a platinum-based catalyst, a palladium-based catalyst or a rhodium-based catalyst. As the alkoxysilane having a reactive group, the ones listed in the above can be used, but among the above, it is preferable to use triakoxysilanes. As the alkoxysilane having a reactive group, silane compounds having a (meth) acryloyl group or a vinyl group are preferable, and trialkoxysilanes having a (meth) acryloyl group are more preferable. When a silane compound having a (meth) acryloyl group or a vinyl group is used, since the silane compound easily reacts with an organopolysiloxane having hydrosilyl groups (-SiH) described later, a polymeric silane compound can be obtained by a simple method. The polyorganosiloxane having a functional group to be used for the polymeric silane compound may have one functional group or may have two or more functional groups. In the case of having two or more functional groups, two or more molecules of the alkoxysilane having a reactive group may be bonded to one molecule of the polyorganosiloxane. The polyorganosiloxane having a functional group is preferably an organopolysiloxane having hydrosilyl groups (-SiH) . Examples of the organopolysiloxane having hydrosilyl groups (-SiH) include methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers and methylhydrosiloxane-phenylmethylsiloxane copolymers. These may contain hydrosilyl groups on the terminals or may not. The weight-average molecular weight of the polyorganosiloxane having a functional group is preferably 800 to 5000 and more preferably 1500 to 4000. Here, the weight-average molecular weight is a value in terms of polystyrene measured by GPC.
[0130] A method of the surface treatment using the silane compound is not especially limited and may be a well-known method; and there can be used, for example, a wet treatment method, a dry treatment method or a pretreatment method. In the present invention, among these, the wet treatment method is preferable. In the wet treatment method, the surface treatment can be made, for example, by adding the diamond particles in a solution in which the silane compound is dispersed or dissolved, mixing the mixture, and thereafter heat-treating the mixture to bond or adhere the silane compound to the surface of the diamond particles. The dry treatment method is a method of the surface treatment using no solution, and specifically, is a method in which the diamond particles are mixed with the silane compound and stirred by a mixer or the like, and thereafter heat-treated to bond or adhere the silane compound to the surface of the diamond particles.
[0131] Suitable commercially available examples of the surface-treated diamond particles are SD-715, SD-715Q-110, SD-720 and SD-720Q from FoShan ZhanXun Material Co., Ltd; HFD-A, HFD-B and HFD-C from Henan Huifeng Diamond Co., Ltd.
[0132] The component (E-1) may be present in an amount of from 30 to 60 wt. %, preferably from 35 to 56 wt. %, such as 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 wt. %, or any ranges between two above-listed values, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0133] In some embodiments, the thermally conductive silicone composition according to the present invention may further comprise (E-2) thermally conductive particles which are selected from the group consisting of alumina particles, aluminum nitride particles, fumed silica particles, precipitated silica particles, fumed titanium oxide particles and any combinations thereof.
[0134] In preferred embodiments, the thermally conductive particles (E-2) may have a D50 particle size of at least 0.01 μm but no greater than 100 μm, and more preferably from 0.01 μm to 50 μm.
[0135] In preferred embodiments, a combination of alumina particles having a D50 particle size of 0.01 μm to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 μm to 2 μm, and aluminum nitride particles having a D50 particle size of 1 μm to 50 μm, preferably 2 μm to 35 μm is used as component (E-2) in the present invention.
[0136] The shape of the component (E-2) used in the present invention is not particularly limited. They may have spherical, rod-like, needle-like, disc-like, or amorphous shape, and preferably spherical shape.
[0137] The component (E-2) can be surface treated or non-surface treated. It is preferable to use surface-treated particles as component (E-2) in the present invention to increase the compatibility with surface-treated diamond particles in silicon polymer matrix.
[0138] Suitable commercially available examples of the component (E-2) include AN5, AN20 and AN30 from Suzhou Ginet New Material Technology Co., Ltd; AA04 from Sumitomo Chemical; NSM-1 S and BAK-2 from Bestry Performance Materials Co., Ltd. ; and DAM-03 from Denka Corporation.
[0139] The component (E-2) may be present in an amount of from 30 to 60 wt. %, preferably from 35 to 56 wt. %, such as 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 wt. %, or any ranges between two above-listed values, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0140] Preferably, according to the present invention, the component (E) is present in an amount of from 0.01%to 99%by weight, more preferably from 20%to 98%by weight, and most preferably from 80 to 97.5%by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0141] Component (F) Catalyst
[0142] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention also comprises (F) a catalyst, which is used for promoting an addition reaction of an alkenyl group in the component (A) and a -Si-H group in the component (B) .
[0143] There is no particular restriction on the catalyst; and any catalyst is known for use in a hydrosilylation reaction may be employed in the present invention.
[0144] Specific examples of catalyst suitable for use in the present invention include platinum group metal simple substance, such as platinum (including platinum black) , rhodium, and palladium; platinum chloride, chloroplatinic acid and chloroplatinate such as H2PtCl4·nH2O, H2PtCl6·nH2O, NaHPtCl6·nH2O, KaHPtCl6·nH2O, Na2PtCl6·H2O, K2PtCl4·nH2O, PtCl4·nH2O, PtCl2, and Na2HPtCl4·nH2O (here, in the formula, n is an integer of 0 to 6, preferably alcohol-modified chloroplatinic acid) ; complexes of chloroplatinic acid and olefin; ones obtained by supporting a platinum group metal such as platinum black and palladium on a support such as alumina, silica or carbon; a rhodium-olefin complex, chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (Wilkinson catalyst) ; and, complexes of platinum chloride, chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinate and a vinyl group-containing siloxane, in particular, a vinyl group-containing cyclic siloxane may be used, preferably a platinum-based catalyst.
[0145] Suitable commercially available examples of catalysts include platinum-based catalyst under CATALYST 512 from Evonik and CAT-50 from Avantor.
[0146] The effective amount of the catalyst is known for the skilled person in the art or can be determined by the skilled person in the art according to the reactants used. It is preferable that the catalyst may be present in the composition in an amount of from 0.0005 to 0.1 wt. %, more preferably 0.001 to 0.05 wt. %, especially preferably 0.005 to 0.01 wt. %, such as 0.0005, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0147] Optional Additives
[0148] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention may further optionally comprise additives which are commonly used in the art to which the present invention belongs, such as inhibitors, filler treatment agents, pigments, dyes, heat resistant additives, flame retardants, plasticizers, adhesion-imparting agents, or any combination thereof, as long as they do not negatively affect the desired properties of the inventive composition. The presence, type and amount of the additive (s) can be determined by a specialist in the art according to actual requirements.
[0149] In some embodiments, inhibitors may be added into the composition to control the reaction speed thereof, since hydrosilylation with catalyst has very fast reaction kinetics. Alkynol-type curing inhibitors and other inhibitors that are conventionally used in the art can be used in the present application.
[0150] Specific examples of the inhibitors include alkynols, such as 3-butyn-2-ol, 1-pentyn-3-ol, 1-hexyn-3-ol, 1-heptyn-3-ol, 5-methyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3, 5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclopentanol, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol, 1-ethynyl-1-cycloheptanol, 3-ethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3-ethyl-1-heptyn-3-ol, 3-isobutyl-5-methyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3, 4, 4-trimethyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, 3-ethyl-5-methyl-1-heptyn-3-ol, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-1-dodecyn-3-ol, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclooctanol, 3-methyl-1-octyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-nonyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-decyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-dodecyn-3-ol, 3-ethyl-1-pentyn-3-ol; a hydrazine-based compound; a phosphine-based compound; multi-vinylpolysiloxanes or a mercaptan-based compound. Suitable commercially available examples of the inhibitor include Inhibitor MVC from Evonik and 3, 5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol from Sigma-Aldrich Company.
[0151] When an inhibitor is present in the composition of the present invention, the amount thereof can be adjusted by the skilled person in the art according to actual requirements without any particular limitation. For example, an amount of 0.0001 to 1.0 wt. %, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 wt. %of the inhibitor can be contained in the composition of the present invention, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0152] Thermally conductive gel
[0153] According to the present invention, the cured composition has a Shore-00 hardness of from 20 to less than 65, preferably from 40 to 57, when cured at 125℃ for 1 hour, as determined by the standard ASTM D2240.
[0154] The inventor surprisingly found that only the Shore-00 hardness value falls into the claimed range can provide optimal cohesion and migrate the delamination issue, i.e. reduce the degree of the gel delamination from the substrate when the gap between the two substrates varies during operation. This is because a cured gel with a Shore-00 hardness ranging from 20 to less than 65 provides excellent bulk elasticity due to an appropriate crosslinking density. If the Shore 00 hardness is below 20, the cured gel has insufficient crosslinking density and significantly weaker cohesion. Conversely, if the Shore-00 hardness is 65 or higher, the cured gel has a much higher crosslinking density, which can easily cause delamination at the interface between the electronic substrate and the gel.
[0155] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a thermally conductive gel, which is a cured product produced by the thermally conductive composition of the present invention. The cured product exhibits good anti-delamination property, while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity. The cured product of the thermally conductive composition is also called as a pre-cured gel in the art, which means that the product on sale is precured by the supplier and no further curing step is needed during use.
[0156] Process for preparing the thermally conductive gel
[0157] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, comprising the following steps:
[0158] (1) mixing the components (A) to (E) and the optional additives according to the present invention under vacuum, and
[0159] (2) adding (F) a catalyst into the mixture and mixing for a period of 30 to 60 minutes (e.g., 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 minutes) at a temperature from 85 to 130℃ (e.g., 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125 or 130℃) .
[0160] Alternatively, if the component (D) is prepared by the component (D-1) and (D-2) . The process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, comprising the following steps:
[0161] (1) mixing the component (D-1) and (D-2) according to the present invention under vacuum,
[0162] (2) adding (F) a catalyst into the mixture, and mixing for a period of 10 to 60 minutes at room temperature, and
[0163] (3) adding the components (A) , (B) , (C) , (E) and the optional additives according to the present invention, and mixing for another 10 to 60 minutes (e.g., 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 minutes) at a temperature from 85 to 130℃ (e.g., 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125 or 130℃) .
[0164] Preferably, the components (E-1) and (E-2) are added in the order of from a small size to a large size.
[0165] Use of thermally conductive composition or thermally conductive gel
[0166] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising the thermally conductive gel made from the thermally conductive composition of the present invention or prepared by the process of the present invention.
[0167] In yet still another aspect, the present invention is directed to use of the thermally conductive composition or the thermally conductive gel cured therefrom or prepared by the aforesaid process in manufacturing an electronic device, particularly in Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module for power, and telecom and datacom devices, such as 5G station and electric vehicles.
[0168] Exemplary electronic devices encompass computers and computer equipment, such as telecom and datacom devices, such as 5G station, Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module for power, electric vehicles, printers, fax machines, scanners, keyboards and the like; medical sensors; automotive sensors and the like; wearable electronic devices (e.g., wrist watches and eyeglasses) and their integrated circuit elements, handheld electronic devices (e.g., phones (e.g., cellular telephones and cellular smartphones) and their integrated circuit elements, cameras, tablets, electronic readers, monitors (e.g., monitors used in hospitals, and by healthcare workers, athletes and individuals) , watches, calculators, mice, touch pads, and joy sticks) , computers (e.g., desk top and lap top computers) and their integrated circuit elements, computer monitors, televisions, media players, household appliances (e.g., refrigerators, washing machines, dryers, ovens, and microwaves) , light bulbs (e.g., incandescent, light emitting diode, and fluorescent) , and articles that include a visible transparent or transparent component, glass housing structures, protective transparent coverings for a display or other optical component.
[0169] Examples
[0170] The present invention will now be described by way of the following examples, which are intended to assist one of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and practice the present invention. The scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples, but is defined in the appended claims.
[0171] Raw Materials
[0172] The following materials were used in the following Examples:
[0173] (A) Alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane
[0174] - (A-1) RH-Vi500E, a polydimethylsiloxane end-capped with a vinyl group at both terminal silicone atoms of the backbone, with a viscosity of 500 mPa·s at 25℃, available from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0175] - (A-2) RH-Vi100E, a polydimethylsiloxane end-capped with a vinyl group at both terminal silicone atoms of the backbone, with a viscosity of 100 mPa·s at 25℃, available from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0176] - (A-3) RH-Vi393, a polydimethylsiloxane end-capped with a vinyl group at both terminal silicone atoms of the backbone, with a viscosity of 300 mPa·s at 25℃, available from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0177] (B) Organohydrogenpolysiloxane
[0178] - (B-1) RH-86D, a terminated and branched hydride polysiloxane, with a viscosity of 80~100 mPa·s at 25℃, available from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0179] (C) hydroxyl group-terminated polyorganosiloxane
[0180] - (C-1) AndisilTM MOH100, a terminated polydimethylsiloxane, having a viscosity of 100 cps at 25℃, available from AB Specialty Silicones.
[0181] (D) methoxy groups terminated polydimethylsiloxane
[0182] ‐ (D-1) VDF-30, a vinyl terminated alkyl silicone oil end-capped with three methoxy groups at one terminal silicone of the backbone, available from Shanghai Junchen Material Corporation, and
[0183] ‐ (D-2) RH-H222, a hydride terminated polysiloxane, available from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0184] Mixing (D-1) and (D-2) with an excessive of CATALYST 512 to obtain the component (D) according to the present invention having the following formula structure (IV-2) :
[0185] in which y’ = 20 to 100.
[0186] (D-3) TPD-206, a polydimethylsioxane end-capped with two methoxy groups at both terminal silicone of the backbone with a methoxy value of 7.9%having the following formula structure (IV-3) , available from Fuzhou Topda New Material Co., Ltd.
[0187] (E) Thermally conductive filler particles
[0188] - (E-1) SD-715Q-110, a silane surface-treated synthetic diamond particles (D50=110 μm) , available from FoShan ZhanXun Material Co., Ltd.
[0189] - (E-2) a mixture of AN30 (aluminium nitride powder, available from Suzhou Ginet New Material Technology Co., Ltd. ) and NSM-1 S (alumina particles, available from Bestry Performance Materials Co., Ltd. ) at a weight ratio of 20: 27.
[0190] (F) Catalyst
[0191] - (F-1) CATALYST 512, a divinyl tetramethyl disiloxane complex having 2 wt. %platinum, manufactured by Evonik.
[0192] Other Ingredients
[0193] - (G-1) an inhibitor-MVC available from Evonik.
[0194] Test Methods
[0195] Shore Hardness Test:
[0196] The thermally conductive silicone compositions of Ex. 1 to Ex. 4 and CE1 to CE4 were cured at 125℃ for 1 hour, and then the hardness of the cured products was tested using a Shore OO equipment manufactured by PTC Instruments, according to the standard ASTM D2240.
[0197] Flow Rate Test
[0198] The flow rate of each example and comparative example was tested by a dispenser (Nordson UltimusTM-I) . This dispenser contained a 30cc plastic tube, which had a nozzle in a diameter of 2.54 ± 5%mm and was connected to a pressurization unit. When testing, the sample was dispensed at room temperature under a pressure of 90 psi in 1 min onto a balance tray. The weight of sample dispensed in 1 min was measured and recorded as a flow rate value. A larger flow rate value indicated greater flowability and superior handling characteristics. The flow rate of more than 17 g / min was considered as acceptable.
[0199] Thermal Conductivity Test
[0200] The thermal conductivity of the cured sample of each example and comparative example was tested at 80℃ under a pressure of 40 psi by LW 9389 available from Longwin according to ASTM-D5470. The thermal conductivity is reported in W / (m·K) . The thermal conductivity of no less than 14 W / (m·K) was considered as acceptable.
[0201] Delamination Tolerance Test
[0202] The delamination tolerance of the cured samples was tested to stimulate the actual operation environment of TIM in an electronic assembly by a rheometer tension tester (TA discoveryHR30 Rheometer) . The testing was conducted by the following steps:
[0203] (1) a pair of 25-millimeter (mm) diameter round parallel serrated plates was provided. Each sample composition was placed onto one of the plates, and the other plate was pressed against the sample composition until the plates were parallel to each other with a gap spacing of 2.0 mm, ensuring the sample composition was in thermal contact with both plates and filled the gap between therewith;
[0204] (2) once the sample had cured under conditions of 85℃ for 30 minutes, the upper plate was pulled upwards at a rate of 1 μm / s at 90℃ until the sample broke and delaminated from the plate. The height at which this occurred was recorded. This process was repeated three times for each sample, and the average final height was calculated; and
[0205] (3) the delamination tolerance %of the sample was calculated as [ (average final height -2.0 mm) / 2.0 mm] *100%.
[0206] Samples with a delamination tolerance of at least 10%are considered to have good anti-delamination properties.
[0207] Preparation for Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 1 to 4
[0208] The components and their proportions of the thermally conductive compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 1 to 4 were listed in Table 1. The amounts shown in Table 1 are in wt. %. For CE2, CE3, EX2, EX1 and EX3, first, components (D-1 a) and (D-1 b) were mixed with component (E) under vacuum for 30 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the mixture was combined with the other components and mixed for an additional 30 minutes at 85℃ to obtain the samples. For CE1, CE4, and EX4, all components were mixed together under vacuum for a period of 30 minutes at a temperature from 85 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous composition.
[0209] Table 1 Compositions of thermally conductive compositions
[0210] The cured products of these samples were tested according to the test methods as described above. The test results were shown in Table 2 below.
[0211] Table 2 Test Results
[0212] Note:
[0213] - 1 in a unit of g / min.
[0214] - 2 in a unit of W / (m·K) .
[0215] The Comparative Example 1 containing no component (D) shows unacceptable performance in the Delamination Tolerance Test. The Comparative Example 2 containing no component (C) flow control agent also cannot reach satisfactory anti-delamination property. The Comparative Example 3 exhibiting larger Shore-00 hardness than the claimed range still shows insufficient anti-delamination effect. The Comparative Example 4 containing vinyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane in replace of the component (D) results in poor anti-defection performance, although it has three methoxy groups. This is because the vinyl groups in the polyorganosiloxane reacted with the -SiH groups in component (B) , which does not form the linear polysiloxane structure according to the present invention, further hinders anti-delamination property.
[0216] As shown, the thermally conductive gels cured from the thermally conductive compositions of Example 1 to 4, which contained both the component (C) and (D) according to the present invention and having specific range of Shore-00 hardness, exhibited good anti-delamination performance, while maintaining excellent flowability and thermal conductivity.
[0217] Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A thermally conductive composition, comprising:(A) at least one alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane;(B) at least one organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;(C) at least one silanol-terminated polyorganosiloxane;(D) at least one alkoxy group-terminated linear polyorganosiloxane without containing any alkenyl groups in the molecule;(E) at least one thermally conductive filler particles, and(F) at least one catalyst;wherein the cured product of the thermally conductive composition has a Shore-00 hardness of from 20 to less than 65 when cured at 125℃ for 1 hour, as determined by the standard ASTM D2240.2.The thermally conductive composition according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) is a vinyl-containing polyorganosiloxane, and is preferably represented by formula (I-1) , (I-2) , (I-3) , (I-4) or (I-5) : In which,- R each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group bonded to a silicon atom, but excluding alkenyl groups;- n independently is an integer of from 0 to 5000,- m, if present, independently is an integer of from 1 to 5000, and- the sum of n and m ranges from 5 to 10000.3.The thermally conductive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the component (A) has a a viscosity of at least 80 mPa·s, preferably no less than 100 mPa·s.4.The thermally conductive composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (B) is represented by formula (II) : in which:- R1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, provided that at least two of R1 groups are hydrogen atoms, and- e represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 2 to 500.5.The thermally conductive composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (C) is represented by formula (III) : in which:- R2 each independently represents a hydroxyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one R2 is a hydroxyl group,- R3 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and- x represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably from 40 to 80.6.The thermally conductive composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (D) is represented by formula (IV) : in which:- R4 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group,- R5 represents an oxygen atom or a C1-C3 alkyl group, preferably a linear C1-C3 alkyl group,- y represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably from 10 to 500, more preferably from 50 to 500, and- a each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.7.The thermally conductive composition according to claim 6, wherein the component (D) is obtained by reacting (D-1) an alkenyl group-terminated linear polysiloxane end-capped with at least one methoxy group, with (D-2) a hydride terminated polysiloxane, in the presence of a catalyst.8.The thermally conductive composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (E) is selected from alumina, aluminum nitride, fumed silica, precipitated silica, fumed titanium oxide, diamond, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from diamond, alumina, aluminum nitride, and any combination thereof.9.The thermally conductive composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (F) is a platinum-based catalyst.10.The thermally conductive composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the composition optionally comprises additives, preferably selected from inhibitors, filler treatment agents, pigments, dyes, heat resistant additives, flame retardants, plasticizers, adhesion-imparting agents, or any combination thereof.11.A thermally conductive gel, which is a cured product of the thermally conductive composition according to any of claims 1 to 10.12.A process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, comprising the following steps:(1) mixing the components (A) to (E) and the optional additive according to any of claims 1 to 10 under vacuum, and(2) adding (F) a catalyst into the mixture and mixing for a period of 30 to 60 minutes at a temperature from 85 to 130℃.13.A process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, comprising the following steps:(1) mixing the component (D-1) and (D-2) according to claim 7 under vacuum,(2) adding (F) a catalyst into the mixture, and mixing for a period of 10 to 60 minutes at room temperature, and(3) adding the components (A) , (B) , (C) , (E) and the optional additives according to any of claims 1 to 10 and mixing for another 10 to 60 minutes at a temperature from 85 to 130℃.14.An article comprising the thermally conductive gel according to claim 11 or prepared by the process according to claim 12 or 13.15.Use of the thermally conductive composition according to any of claims 1 to 10, or the thermally conductive gel according to claim 11 or prepared by the process according to claim 12 or 13 in manufacturing an electronic device.
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