Avalanche protection system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of disaster protection, and provides an avalanche protection system. The avalanche protection system comprises a primary barrier apparatus, an energy dissipation apparatus, and a secondary barrier apparatus, which are sequentially arranged along a slope aspect of a mountain slope surface; the primary barrier apparatus comprises a plurality of retaining nets, wherein the plurality of retaining nets is arranged in a spaced apart manner along the slope aspect, retaining nets close to a crest of the slope surface cover accumulated snow on the slope surface, and a plane on which the retaining nets distant from the crest are located intersects with the slope surface; the energy dissipation apparatus comprises at least one energy dissipation pool, and the plurality of retaining nets are sequentially arranged along the slope aspect of the slope surface; the secondary barrier apparatus comprises a plurality of arresting dams, wherein the plurality of arresting dams is arranged in a spaced apart manner along the slope aspect and has a plurality of openings arranged in a spaced apart manner in an extending direction of the arresting dams, and openings of adjacent arresting dams are arranged in a staggered manner. The present application provides an avalanche control system that replaces passive blocking with active flow management combined with energy dissipation measures, so as to progressively reduce the energy of an avalanche during an occurrence thereof, and thereby enabling the protection system to exert a more effective protective function.

Description

An avalanche protection system

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Applications

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 2024110827480, filed on August 08, 2024, entitled "An avalanche protection system", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of disaster prevention, in particular to an avalanche protection system. BACKGROUND

[0004] The avalanche protection system is mainly for protection in the avalanche occurrence area and the avalanche movement area. When the avalanche occurs, it occurs at a high position and has high potential energy. The avalanche occurs at the top of the mountain and accumulates at the bottom after several accelerations. The huge kinetic energy and volume of the avalanche have little effect on the conventional blocking measures set in the avalanche occurrence area and the avalanche movement area, the effect is poor, and the cost is generally high. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide an avalanche protection system that changes the blocking to dredging in the avalanche prevention, and combines with the energy dissipation measures, so that the energy of the avalanche is gradually reduced when it occurs, and the volume is no longer increased, thereby enabling the protection system to play a more effective protection role.

[0006] The present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides an avalanche protection system, which comprises a first blocking device, an energy dissipation device and a second blocking device, wherein the first blocking device, the energy dissipation device and the second blocking device are arranged in sequence along the slope direction of the slope surface of the mountain body; and wherein

[0008] The first blocking device comprises a plurality of blocking nets, the plurality of blocking nets are arranged at intervals along the slope direction, the blocking net close to the top of the slope surface covers the snow accumulated on the slope surface, and the plane where the blocking net away from the top of the slope surface intersects with the slope surface;

[0009] The energy dissipation device comprises at least one energy dissipation pool, when the number of energy dissipation pools is multiple, the plurality of blocking nets are arranged in sequence along the slope direction;

[0010] The second blocking device comprises a plurality of blocking dams, the plurality of blocking dams are arranged at intervals along the slope direction; the blocking dam has a plurality of openings, the plurality of openings are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the blocking dam, and the openings of adjacent blocking dams are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0011] Optionally, the mesh size of the plurality of blocking nets gradually decreases along the slope direction.

[0012] Optionally, the pool bottom of the energy dissipation pool is provided with a buffer layer.

[0013] Optionally, the bottom surface shape of the pool bottom of the energy dissipation pool comprises one of the following shapes:

[0014] flat slope surface, concave slope surface and wavy slope surface.

[0015] Optionally, the energy dissipation pool is formed by the concave area of the slope surface, and the surface of the energy dissipation pool is provided with a protective layer.

[0016] Optionally, the energy dissipation device further comprises:

[0017] an energy dissipation dam installed upstream of the energy dissipation pool and close to the energy dissipation pool.

[0018] Optionally, the energy dissipation dam comprises a dam body and a fixed pile, the dam body and the fixed pile are connected, the dam body is arranged above the slope surface, and the fixed pile is arranged below the slope surface; wherein the width of the dam body gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope surface.

[0019] Optionally, the secondary blocking device further comprises a sedimentation tank, a filter and a water storage tank, the sedimentation tank, the filter and the water storage tank are arranged in sequence along the slope direction, the sedimentation tank is configured to receive snow water flowing through the opening, and the sedimentation tank is connected with the water storage tank through the filter.

[0020] Optionally, the snow avalanche protection system further comprises:

[0021] a monitoring and early warning device, the monitoring and early warning device comprises a collection module and an early warning control module, the collection module and the early warning control module are electrically connected, the collection module is installed at a monitoring point of the slope surface, the collection module is configured to collect real-time environmental data of the monitoring point, and the early warning control module is configured to receive, process the real-time environmental data from the collection module, and determine whether to issue early warning information according to the processing result.

[0022] Optionally, the collecting module comprises a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor, a rotation deformation monitoring sensor and a data collection controller, the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor and the rotation deformation monitoring sensor are electrically connected with the data collection controller respectively, and the data collection controller is electrically connected with the early warning control module; wherein the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor is configured to acquire displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the horizontal direction, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor is configured to acquire displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the vertical direction, and the rotation deformation monitoring sensor is configured to acquire rotation deformation data of the ground of the monitoring point.

[0023] The embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0024] The embodiments of the present application provide an avalanche prevention system, the blocking net is a protective net made of a steel wire rope net of a specific material, has good flexibility and high strength, can withstand a large impact force and tensile force, and has high strength and durability, which can enhance the stability of the protective net and the protection capability of the protective net for accumulated snow, the blocking net is fixed at the top of the slope body to prevent the accumulated snow in the source area of the top of the slope body from sliding, even if a small amount of snow slides, a large amount of snow will not be brought to slide, and the volume of the avalanche is reduced; the energy dissipation device is arranged below the blocking net, and the main function is to dissipate the impact energy brought by a large amount of sliding snow; the blocking dam of the secondary blocking device is arranged at the bottom end of the mountain slope, and the main function is to use the secondary blocking device to block the excess snow when the blocking net and the energy dissipation device above are insufficient to support the large-area accumulated snow, so as to prevent the accumulated snow from continuing to slide and collapse, destroy large pieces of forest, farmland, house, factory, road, vehicle and the like, and affect human production activities and the natural environment.

[0025] Therefore, in the avalanche prevention, the embodiments of the present application change the blocking into dredging, and combine with the energy dissipation measures, so that the energy of the avalanche is gradually reduced when the avalanche occurs, the snow flow volume is no longer increased, and then the protection system can play a more effective protection role.

[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail below, and the accompanying drawings are described as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0028] Fig. 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of an avalanche protection system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig. 2 shows a structural schematic diagram of a monitoring and warning device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig. 3 shows a structural schematic diagram of a blocking net according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig. 4 shows a structural schematic diagram of an energy dissipation device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig. 5 shows a structural schematic diagram of a secondary blocking device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Main component symbol explanation:

[0034] 100 - primary blocking device; 110 - blocking net; 200 - monitoring and warning device; 210 - data receiving antenna; 220 - indoor data analysis box; 230 - standard pole; 240 - wireless transmission antenna; 250 - solar panel; 260 - pole base; 270 - acquisition module; 271 - horizontal deformation monitoring sensor; 272 - vertical deformation monitoring sensor; 273 - rotational deformation monitoring sensor; 274 - data acquisition controller; 280 - deformation monitoring box; 300 - energy dissipation device; 310 - energy dissipation dam; 311 - dam body; 312 - fixed pile; 320 - energy dissipation pool; 321 - flat slope surface; 322 - concave slope surface; 323 - wavy slope surface; 400 - secondary blocking device; 410 - blocking dam; 411 - opening; 420 - sedimentation pool; 430 - filter; 440 - water storage pool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, wherein the same or like reference numerals used throughout the drawings denote the same or like components or components having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below are examples only, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0036] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements can also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, there are no intervening elements present. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right", and the like as used herein are used for explanation only, not for limitation.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements or interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the template herein are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0040] In the related art, avalanche refers to the phenomenon that a large amount of snow collapses suddenly and slides rapidly along the slope due to the destruction of the stability of the snow layer on the snow-covered slope caused by some incentives (such as earthquake, additional load, temperature change, human activity, etc.). This natural phenomenon has great destructive power, can carry a large amount of snow at a very high speed, and can cause serious damage to the terrain, vegetation, buildings and any living things on the path of the avalanche, and even cause casualties. Avalanches usually occur in mountainous areas with a certain slope, especially after new snowfall, when the temperature rises and the snow layer melts or the wind redistributes the snow surface.

[0041] The protection of avalanche mainly includes effective early warning by geological monitoring, and protection by setting avalanche protection system on the slope surface of the mountain. Among them, the avalanche protection system mainly protects the avalanche occurrence area and the movement area. When the avalanche occurs, it occurs at a high position, has high potential energy, and after several accelerations from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the accumulation area, its huge kinetic energy and volume, the effect of setting conventional blocking measures in the avalanche occurrence area and the movement area is very small, the effect is poor, and the cost is generally high.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, in order to solve the above technical problems, the avalanche protection system provided by the embodiments of the present application comprises a first blocking device 100, an energy dissipation device 300 and a second blocking device 400, which are sequentially arranged along the slope direction of the slope surface of the mountain; wherein the first blocking device 100 comprises a plurality of blocking nets 110, the plurality of blocking nets 110 are arranged at intervals along the slope direction, the blocking net 110 close to the top of the slope surface covers the snow on the slope surface, and the blocking net 110 far from the top of the slope surface is arranged on a plane intersecting the slope surface; the energy dissipation device 300 comprises at least one energy dissipation pool 320, when the number of energy dissipation pools 320 is more than one, the plurality of blocking nets 110 are sequentially arranged along the slope direction; the second blocking device 400 comprises a plurality of blocking dams 410, the plurality of blocking dams 410 are arranged at intervals along the slope direction; the blocking dam 410 has a plurality of openings 411, the plurality of openings 411 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the blocking dam 410, and the openings 411 of adjacent blocking dams 410 are arranged at intervals.

[0043] In these embodiments, the main purpose of the first blocking device 100 is to intercept part of the snow in the initial stage of the avalanche and slow down the speed and development of the avalanche. The plurality of blocking nets 110 are arranged at intervals along the slope direction, and the blocking net 110 close to the top of the slope surface covers the snow on the slope surface, so as to slow down the start of the avalanche. The end of the blocking net 110 far from the top of the slope surface is inclined to the upstream of the slope surface, so as to block the snow flow and disperse the energy of the snow flow.

[0044] For example, the blocking net 110 far from the top of the slope surface is arranged vertically to the slope surface. In addition, in other embodiments, the angle between the blocking net 110 and the slope surface can also be set to 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, etc., which is not limited here.

[0045] The energy dissipation device 300 is configured to further consume the energy of the avalanche and slow down its speed. The energy dissipation device 300 has at least one energy dissipation pool 320, when there are a plurality of energy dissipation pools 320, they are sequentially arranged along the slope direction. Obviously, the energy dissipation pool 320 is used to contain the snow flow, so as to absorb part of the energy of the avalanche and reduce the speed of the snow flow.

[0046] For example, the energy dissipation pool 320 is mainly made of reinforced concrete, and the surface of the energy dissipation pool 320 is treated by surface spraying in complex terrain. When the sliding amount of the snow is too large, the snow passes through the energy dissipation base and enters the energy dissipation pool 320. The capacity of the energy dissipation pool 320 is large, and a large amount of snow can be stored. The energy dissipation pool 320 can be continuously arranged along the slope surface, when the first energy dissipation pool 320 is full, the snow will continue to move to the next energy dissipation pool 320, so as to achieve the effect of multi-stage energy dissipation to weaken the impact of the snow.

[0047] The secondary blocking device 400 is configured as the last line of defense to finally intercept and control the snow flow. The plurality of blocking dams 410 are arranged along the slope at intervals. The blocking dams 410 have a plurality of openings 411 arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the blocking dams 410, which can allow water flow to pass through while intercepting part of the snow flow. The openings 411 of adjacent blocking dams 410 are arranged in a staggered manner, which can more effectively disperse the energy of the snow flow and avoid damage to the blocking dams 410 caused by excessive snow flow.

[0048] That is, through the arrangement of the blocking dams 410, the direct impact and damage of the sliding snow on the toe area can be reduced when the avalanche occurs, and a large amount of time can be gained for the mountain personnel to evacuate by blocking the snow, thereby reducing the damage caused by the avalanche; the blocking dams 410 intercept the sand and stones in the avalanche, effectively reducing the flow velocity and unit weight of the snow sliding downstream of the dam body 311. This effect of reducing the flow velocity and unit weight helps to reduce the destructive nature of the avalanche and reduce its impact on the downstream area.

[0049] For example, the blocking dams 410 are made of reinforced concrete. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the blocking dams 410 are made of steel plates.

[0050] Obviously, the blocking net 110 first intercepts the snow flow, slows it down, and changes its direction. The snow flow enters the energy dissipation tank 320, and the resistance of the energy dissipation tank 320 consumes part of the kinetic energy. Finally, the snow flow reaches the blocking dam 410, and the structure of the blocking dam 410 further slows down the snow flow and finally intercepts it to avoid damage to the facilities.

[0051] In other words, the top of the mountain above the snow line is covered with snow all year round. After being affected by construction disturbance or other tectonic movements, the snow on the top of the mountain will quickly lose stability and form an avalanche; the blocking net 110 is a protective net made of a steel wire rope with a specific material, which has good flexibility and high strength and can withstand a large impact force and tensile force. Its high strength and durability can enhance the stability of the protective net and its protection capability for the snow; the energy dissipation device 300 is arranged below the blocking net 110 and mainly functions to dissipate the impact energy brought by a large amount of snow sliding; the blocking dam 410 of the secondary blocking device 400 is arranged at the bottom end of the mountain slope, and mainly functions to block excess snow when a large area of the mountain has an avalanche, so as to prevent the snow from continuing to slide and collapse and to damage large areas of forests, farmland, houses, factories, roads, vehicles, etc., and to affect human production activities and the natural environment.

[0052] Therefore, the application changes the blocking into dredging in avalanche prevention, and combines with energy dissipation measures, so that the energy of the avalanche is gradually reduced when it occurs, and the volume of the snow flow is no longer increased, thereby enabling the protection system to play a more effective protection role.

[0053] In some embodiments, the mesh size of the plurality of blocking nets 110 gradually decreases along the slope direction.

[0054] In these embodiments, the mesh size of the plurality of blocking nets 110 gradually decreases along the slope direction (i.e. from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain), thereby being able to more effectively control and slow down the development of the avalanche. The blocking net 110 near the top of the slope has a larger mesh size, which helps to intercept larger snow blocks in the initial stage of the avalanche, while allowing smaller snow blocks to pass through. This can slow down the start of the avalanche and reduce the initial kinetic energy of the snow flow. As the snow flow moves downward, the mesh size of the blocking net 110 gradually decreases, which means that the blocking net 110 closer to the lower part can intercept smaller snow blocks to gradually increase the interception ability of the snow flow, so that the snow blocks in the snow flow gradually become smaller, thereby reducing the overall kinetic energy of the snow flow.

[0055] Wherein, by gradually reducing the mesh size, the snow blocks in the snow flow can be gradually intercepted and dispersed, thereby slowing down the speed of the snow flow and consuming its kinetic energy. This helps to prevent the snow flow from forming a large-scale, high-speed snowball effect. Reducing the mesh size can improve the interception efficiency of the snow blocks in the snow flow, reduce the possibility of the snow flow passing through, and help to more effectively control the development of the snow flow throughout the avalanche path.

[0056] It should be noted that the snow flow at different stages has different kinetic energy and snow block size, and gradually reducing the mesh size can better adapt to these changes and improve the overall efficiency of the protection system. Of course, in addition to the mesh size, the shape of the mesh (such as rectangular, diamond, etc.) also affects the interception efficiency. Similarly, the material of the mesh needs to be strong enough to withstand the impact force of the snow flow, while also having a certain flexibility to adapt to different terrain conditions.

[0057] For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the blocking net 110 is fixed and supported by ground nails, which have a large bending and shearing strength, a length of about 70-100 cm, and can reduce the impact force when the snow impact, thereby playing a strong anchoring role.

[0058] The formation of the avalanche is generally located in the high-cold high-altitude area, and the setting of the arresting net 110 in the area greatly reduces the construction difficulty and is easy to operate. The arresting net 110 is installed at the top of the slope body, and a large number of ground nails with a length of 70-100 cm are installed at the edge of the arresting net 110. After drilling to the predetermined depth with a tool, the ground nail is placed, and then the drilling hole is backfilled with concrete mortar. The ground nail is used as an extended anchoring measure to fasten the arresting net 110 by using its anchoring force. The arresting net 110 fixes the accumulated snow on the slope body, and even if a small amount of accumulated snow slides, it will not drive a large amount of accumulated snow to slide, reducing the volume of the avalanche.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 320 is provided with a buffer layer.

[0060] In these embodiments, the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 320 is provided with a buffer layer, in order to further improve the efficiency of the energy dissipation pool 320, especially in the avalanche protection system. The buffer layer can help absorb the energy generated when the snow flow hits the energy dissipation pool 320, reduce the impact force of the snow flow on the pool wall and the pool bottom, help reduce the speed of the snow flow, and reduce its kinetic energy.

[0061] The buffer layer can play a role in shock absorption, reducing the vibration generated when the snow flow hits, protecting the pool structure from damage, and helping to extend the service life of the energy dissipation pool 320. Obviously, the buffer layer helps to disperse the energy of the snow flow to a larger area, reducing local stress concentration, which can prevent the pool bottom from being damaged due to excessive local stress.

[0062] For example, the material of the buffer layer is usually made of materials with certain elasticity and energy absorption capacity, which can include but is not limited to:

[0063] Foamed materials such as polystyrene foam (EPS), polyurethane foam, etc.

[0064] Rubber or elastic polymer such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, etc.

[0065] Sand or gravel, in some cases, a layer of sand or gravel can also be used as a buffer layer.

[0066] As for the thickness of the buffer layer, it needs to be determined according to the speed and volume of the snow flow and the specific size of the energy dissipation pool 320. A buffer layer that is too thin cannot effectively absorb energy, while a buffer layer that is too thick will increase the cost.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the bottom surface shape of the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 320 includes one of the following shapes: a flat slope 321, a concave slope 322, and a wave-shaped slope 323.

[0068] In these embodiments, each shape has its specific design purpose and advantage, and the characteristics of these shapes and their applications in the energy dissipation pool 320 are introduced as follows:

[0069] Flat slope surface 321: the pool bottom is a flat inclined surface, which is simple in structure and convenient for construction.

[0070] Concave slope surface 322: the central part of the pool bottom is concave in shape, which increases the contact area between the water flow and the pool bottom, improves the energy dissipation effect, and further consumes energy.

[0071] Wavy slope surface 323: the surface of the pool bottom is wavy, which increases the complexity of the snow flow path and improves the friction between the snow flow and the pool bottom, thereby more effectively consuming the energy of the snow flow.

[0072] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the bottom surface shape of the energy dissipation pool 320 is not specifically limited, and is specifically set according to the actual shape of the slope surface.

[0073] For example, in this embodiment, the number of energy dissipation pools 320 is three, and the shapes of the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are flat slope surface 321, concave slope surface 322, and wavy slope surface 323 in turn. Of course, in other embodiments, the shapes of the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are all flat slope surfaces 321; or the shapes of the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are all concave slope surfaces 322; or the shapes of the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are all wavy slope surfaces 323; or the shapes of the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are wavy slope surface 323, concave slope surface 322, and flat slope surface 321 in turn.

[0074] In some embodiments, the energy dissipation pool 320 is formed by the concave area of the slope surface, and the surface of the energy dissipation pool 320 is provided with a protective layer.

[0075] In these embodiments, the trench-type energy dissipation pool 320 is set by using the natural terrain (i.e., the concave area) of the valley, which is convenient for construction and reduces damage to the environment.

[0076] The protective layer can improve the wear resistance of the pool bottom and the pool wall, reducing the wear of the pool structure by the snow flow, which helps to prolong the service life of the energy dissipation pool 320. Moreover, the protective layer can prevent water from penetrating into the soil.

[0077] For example, in this embodiment, the protective layer is set as a shotcrete layer, that is, a shotcrete layer is formed by spraying shotcrete on the surface of the pool body. Of course, in other embodiments, the protective layer can also be set as a protective pad and the like.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the energy dissipation device 300 further comprises an energy dissipation dam 310, which is installed upstream of the energy dissipation pool 320 and close to the energy dissipation pool 320.

[0079] The energy dissipation dam 310 is fixed on the slope surface. When the snow above slides downward, it first contacts the dam body 311 at the upper part of the energy dissipation dam 310 to dissipate energy and block the sliding of the snow. The energy dissipation dam 310 has high strength and can block the impact energy of most of the sliding snow. The energy dissipation dam 310 effectively slows down the speed of the sliding snow, so that the impact force of the sliding snow is alleviated, and the impact force is dispersed and alleviated. The energy dissipation dam 310 is connected with the energy dissipation pool 320, and the energy dissipation dam 310 can prevent the lower energy dissipation pool 320 from directly bearing the impact of the snow.

[0080] For example, the energy dissipation dam 310 and the energy dissipation pool 320 are integrally arranged by using concrete combined with steel reinforcement.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the energy dissipation dam 310 includes a dam body 311 and a fixed pile 312. The dam body 311 and the fixed pile 312 are connected. The dam body 311 is arranged on the slope surface, and the fixed pile 312 is arranged below the slope surface. The width of the dam body 311 gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope surface.

[0082] The energy dissipation dam 310 can preliminarily slow down the speed of the snow flow and reduce the kinetic energy of the snow flow. This helps to reduce the impact force of the snow flow on subsequent structures (such as the energy dissipation pool 320). The energy dissipation dam 310 can cause vortex flow and collision when the snow flow passes through, thereby dissipating part of the energy and reducing the speed and energy of the snow flow when it reaches the energy dissipation pool 320.

[0083] Because the dam body 311 of the energy dissipation dam 310 has a structure of being large at the bottom and small at the top, the energy dissipation dam 310 can also disperse the impact force of the snow flow by changing the flow direction of the snow flow and reducing the pressure on the energy dissipation pool 320. That is, the dam body 311 is arranged on the slope surface and faces the direction of the snow flow. The width of the dam body 311 gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope surface, which can better disperse the impact force of the snow flow and reduce the lateral pressure of the snow flow on the dam body 311.

[0084] Of course, the material of the dam body 311 usually needs to have certain strength and durability to resist the impact of the snow flow. For example, concrete, steel, wood, etc.

[0085] The fixed pile 312 is arranged below the slope surface and is configured to anchor the dam body 311 to increase the stability of the dam body 311. The length and diameter of the fixed pile 312 need to be determined according to the terrain and the characteristics of the snow flow to ensure that the dam body 311 can withstand the impact of the snow flow without displacement or damage.

[0086] For example, the material of the fixed pile 312 is usually also concrete, steel or other high-strength materials.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 5, in some embodiments, the secondary blocking device 400 further comprises a sedimentation tank 420, a filter 430 and a water storage tank 440, which are sequentially arranged along the slope, the sedimentation tank 420 is configured to receive the snow water flowing through the opening 411, and the sedimentation tank 420 is connected to the water storage tank 440 through the filter 430.

[0088] In these embodiments, this design aims to deal with snow water, reduce the impact of water flow on downstream areas after an avalanche, and possibly recycle water resources. The sedimentation tank 420 is configured to receive the snow water flowing through the opening 411 of the blocking dam 410, so that the solid particles (such as silt, snow blocks, etc.) carried therein can be settled. The sedimentation tank 420 is usually designed to have a large surface area and a shallow depth to facilitate the settlement of solid particles. The sedimentation tank 420 is located behind the blocking dam 410, immediately downstream of the blocking dam 410.

[0089] The filter 430 is configured to further remove the remaining suspended solids and impurities in the snow water. For example, the filter 430 can take various forms, such as sand filters, activated carbon filters, etc., and appropriate filter materials can be selected as needed. The filter 430 is connected to the sedimentation tank 420, and the snow water flows from the sedimentation tank 420 to the filter 430 for further purification of the water quality.

[0090] The water storage tank 440 is configured to store the clean snow water after treatment, which can be configured for irrigation, water supply, etc. The water storage tank 440 needs to have sufficient volume to accommodate the expected amount of water, and good sealing to prevent water leakage. The water storage tank 440 is located behind the filter 430, immediately downstream of the filter 430.

[0091] In short, by setting the sedimentation tank 420, the filter 430 and the water storage tank 440, not only can effectively reduce the impact of water flow on downstream areas after an avalanche, but also can recycle water resources and improve the utilization rate of water resources.

[0092] Of course, the water storage tank 440 is connected with a pumping pipeline, which can efficiently transport the snowmelt water from one place to another to meet the needs of the irrigation system.

[0093] As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the avalanche protection system further comprises a monitoring and warning device 200, which comprises a collection module 270 and a warning control module, the collection module 270 and the warning control module are electrically connected, the collection module 270 is installed at a monitoring point of the slope surface, the collection module 270 is configured to collect real-time environmental data of the monitoring point, and the warning control module is configured to receive and process the real-time environmental data from the collection module 270, and determine whether to issue a warning information according to the processing result.

[0094] In these embodiments, both the acquisition module 270 and the early warning control module communicate through electrical connections. By monitoring environmental data in real-time, the system can provide early warning of avalanches, thereby improving the effectiveness of the protection system.

[0095] The acquisition module 270 is installed on key monitoring points on the slope surface and is configured to collect environmental data related to avalanches in real-time. The acquisition module 270 can monitor a variety of environmental parameters, including but not limited to ground displacement, temperature changes, humidity, snow depth, wind speed and direction, and other relevant meteorological parameters.

[0096] The early warning control module receives data from the acquisition module 270 and processes and analyzes it. Based on pre-set algorithms and thresholds, the early warning control module analyzes the data to determine if the warning conditions have been met. If the analysis shows that there is a risk of an avalanche, the early warning control module triggers the warning mechanism and sends warning information to relevant personnel.

[0097] For ease of understanding, a specific workflow is provided: the acquisition module 270 continuously monitors and records key data. The collected data is sent to the early warning control module through wired or wireless means. The early warning control module analyzes the data to assess the likelihood of an avalanche. When the data exceeds the set safety threshold, the system automatically sends a warning signal. After receiving the warning, relevant personnel take action according to the emergency plan, such as evacuating personnel, closing roads, etc.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the acquisition module 270 includes a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, a rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273, and a data acquisition controller 274, the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273 are electrically connected to the data acquisition controller 274, and the data acquisition controller 274 is electrically connected to the early warning control module; wherein the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271 is configured to obtain displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the horizontal direction, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272 is configured to obtain displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the vertical direction, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273 is configured to obtain rotational deformation data of the ground of the monitoring point.

[0099] In these embodiments, the early warning control module includes an indoor data analysis box 220 and an alarm, the indoor data analysis box 220 is electrically connected to the data acquisition controller 274 through a wireless communication module, and the alarm is electrically connected to the indoor data analysis box 220. Wherein the wireless module includes a data receiving antenna 210 and a wireless transmission antenna 240, the data receiving antenna 210 is electrically connected to the indoor data analysis box 220, and the wireless transmission antenna 240 is electrically connected to the data acquisition controller 274.

[0100] Exemplary, the rod base 260 is connected with the standard rod 230, the main role is to support the deformation monitoring box 280, the weight and load of the deformation monitoring box 280 are transmitted to the foundation, and the bearing and support functions are played; the deformation monitoring box 280 is internally provided with a rotating deformation monitoring sensor 273, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271 and a data acquisition controller 274, and the main role is to provide protection for various precision instruments; the deformation monitoring box 280 is fixed at a certain height position of the standard rod 230 through a fixing bolt, human damage is prevented, and the best data acquisition and transmission effect is obtained.

[0101] The rotating deformation monitoring sensor 273 monitors the rotating deformation through laser. Since the ground position is fixed, a reference point is arranged at the bottom of the ground, and the rotating deformation monitoring sensor 273 can work after being calibrated on site. If the ground rotates, the rotating deformation monitoring sensor 273 can accurately distinguish according to the ground laser point position obtained in the early stage, and further obtain the rotating deformation data of the ground.

[0102] The vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272 determines the vertical deformation according to the relative position with the ground and the vertical position of the standard rod 230. The main role of the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272 is to measure and monitor the vertical deformation, to monitor and judge the snow depth in real time, so as to timely find any abnormal deformation or displacement. Once abnormal conditions are found, relevant personnel can be reminded through the early warning system, and timely measures can be taken to prevent accidents.

[0103] The horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271 shines laser on the standard rod 230 and the ground. If the rod base 260 produces horizontal displacement, the laser opportunity can analyze and judge according to the initial ground position, and the reference point of the standard rod 230 is checked. If the obtained horizontal displacement deformation changes, the final horizontal deformation data is transmitted to the data acquisition controller 274.

[0104] Exemplary, the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272 and the rotating deformation monitoring sensor 273 all use laser machines to work. Since the laser machine adopts a controller that can only be adjusted, it can automatically adjust according to the local lighting conditions, and the stability and reliability of the deformation monitoring are ensured.

[0105] The wireless transmission antenna 240 is connected with the deformation monitoring box 280, and the main role is to transmit the deformation data obtained in the data acquisition controller 274 to the duty room, which is received by the data receiving antenna 210 of the duty room and transmitted to the indoor data analysis box 220.

[0106] The data acquisition controller 274 is connected to the duty room, and the main function is to collect the data of the rotation deformation monitoring sensor 273, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, and the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271 through the data line, and transmit the data to the data receiving antenna 210 in the duty room through the wireless transmission antenna 240, and then to the indoor data analysis box 220 for analysis.

[0107] The indoor data analysis box 220 analyzes the received data and controls the sensors in the deformation monitoring box 280 in real time according to the data;

[0108] The main function of the data receiving antenna 210 is to receive the real-time environmental data of the monitoring points detected by the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, and the rotation deformation monitoring sensor 273.

[0109] For example, the entire monitoring and early warning device 200 feeds back the collected information to the indoor system in real time. A large number of threshold values are set in the indoor system. When the threshold value is exceeded, the system will alarm. The system transmits the entire information to the road signs and warning systems in the area where the avalanche may occur for circular scrolling, reminding passing vehicles and pedestrians to pay attention to safety.

[0110] In some embodiments, the standard pole 230 at the monitoring point is installed with a camera, and the camera and the data acquisition controller 274 can transmit real-time pictures of the monitoring point, further facilitating monitoring.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the monitoring and early warning device 200 further comprises a solar power module, which is installed on the standard pole 230 at a position higher than the ground. The solar power module is electrically connected with the acquisition module 270 and the early warning control module respectively.

[0112] In these embodiments, the solar power module can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy to power the entire monitoring and early warning device 200, without relying on external power grid for power supply, which is particularly suitable for remote mountainous areas or high-altitude areas where traditional power supply may be difficult to cover or costly.

[0113] The solar power module enables the monitoring and early warning device 200 to continue working even in extreme weather or power grid failure, improving the independence and continuous operation capability of the system, which is crucial for the monitoring and early warning device 200 that needs continuous monitoring and immediate warning.

[0114] In addition, if the power supply for the monitoring and early warning device 200 in the wild is provided by the power supply line, a very long wire needs to be laid, which increases the cost and limits the distribution and installation of the monitoring and early warning device 200. Therefore, the solar power device can replace the long wire and be more flexible in arrangement.

[0115] For example, the solar power module includes a solar panel 250 arranged on the upper portion of the deformation monitoring box 280, and the solar panel 250 collects light energy to convert into electric energy to provide power for the electronic components in the deformation monitoring box 280.

[0116] In all of the examples shown and described herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as a limitation, and thus other examples of the example embodiments can have different values.

[0117] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the several views of the drawings, and as a result, once an item is defined in one view, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent views.

[0118] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present application, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Industrial applicability

[0119] In summary, the present application provides an avalanche protection system, which can change the blockage into the dredging in the avalanche prevention, and combine with the energy dissipation measures, so that the energy of the avalanche is gradually reduced when it occurs, and the snow flow volume is no longer increased, and thus the protection system can play a more effective protection role.

Claims

1. An avalanche protection system, characterized in that The avalanche protection system comprises a first blocking device, an energy dissipation device and a second blocking device, which are sequentially arranged along the slope direction of a mountain slope surface; wherein The first blocking device comprises a plurality of blocking nets, which are arranged along the slope direction at intervals; the blocking net close to the top of the slope surface covers the snow on the slope surface, and the plane of the blocking net away from the top of the slope surface intersects with the slope surface; The energy dissipation device comprises at least one energy dissipation pool, when the number of the energy dissipation pool is plural, a plurality of the blocking nets are sequentially arranged along the slope direction; The second blocking device comprises a plurality of blocking dams, which are arranged along the slope direction at intervals; the blocking dam has a plurality of openings, which are arranged along the extension direction of the blocking dam at intervals, and the openings of adjacent blocking dams are arranged at intervals.

2. The avalanche protection system of claim 1, wherein, In the slope direction, the mesh size of the plurality of blocking nets gradually decreases.

3. An avalanche protection system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The bottom of the energy dissipation pool is provided with a buffer layer.

4. The avalanche protection system of claim 3, wherein, The bottom surface shape of the energy dissipation pool comprises one of the following shapes: Flat slope surface, concave slope surface and wavy slope surface.

5. The avalanche protection system according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that The energy dissipation pool is formed by the concave area of the slope surface, and the surface of the energy dissipation pool is provided with a protective layer.

6. The avalanche protection system according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that The energy dissipation device further comprises: An energy dissipation dam installed upstream of the energy dissipation pool, and the energy dissipation dam is close to the energy dissipation pool.

7. The avalanche protection system of claim 6, wherein, The energy dissipation dam comprises a dam body and a fixed pile, the dam body and the fixed pile are connected, the dam body is arranged above the slope surface, and the fixed pile is arranged below the slope surface; wherein the width of the dam body gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope surface.

8. The avalanche protection system according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that The second blocking device further comprises a sedimentation pool, a filter and a water storage pool, which are sequentially arranged along the slope direction, the sedimentation pool is configured to receive snow water flowing through the openings, and the sedimentation pool is connected with the water storage pool through the filter.

9. The avalanche protection system according to any of claims 1-8, characterized in that The avalanche protection system further comprises: A monitoring and early warning device, which comprises a collection module and a warning control module, the collection module and the warning control module are electrically connected, the collection module is installed at a monitoring point of the slope surface, the collection module is configured to collect real-time environmental data of the monitoring point, and the warning control module is configured to receive, process the real-time environmental data from the collection module, and determine whether to issue a warning information according to the processing result.

10. The avalanche protection system of claim 9, wherein, The collection module comprises a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor, a rotation deformation monitoring sensor and a data collection controller, the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor and the rotation deformation monitoring sensor are electrically connected with the data collection controller respectively, and the data collection controller and the warning control module are electrically connected; wherein the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor is configured to obtain displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the horizontal direction, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor is configured to obtain displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the vertical direction, and the rotation deformation monitoring sensor is configured to obtain rotation deformation data of the ground of the monitoring point.

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