Use of a g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) degradation compound in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a disease or disorder related thereto
By degrading GRK2, the compound addresses insulin resistance and glucose toxicity, effectively lowering blood glucose and stimulating insulin secretion to treat pre-diabetic conditions and diabetes.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/113611
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-09
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
There is an unmet need for new measures to lower blood glucose levels, stimulate insulin secretion, or prevent or treat pre-diabetic conditions and diabetes by addressing insulin resistance and glucose toxicity.
Administering a compound that degrades G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) or its pharmaceutically acceptable forms to lower blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion, or treat related conditions.
The compound effectively reduces blood glucose levels, stimulates insulin secretion, and prevents or treats pre-diabetic conditions and diabetes by targeting GRK2 degradation.
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Figure CN2025113611_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
USE OF A G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE 2 (GRK2) DEGRADATION COMPOUND IN LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE, STIMULATING OR INCREASING INSULIN SECRETION, OR PREVENTING OR TREATING A DISEASE OR DISORDER RELATED THERETOCROSS-REFERENCE
[0001] This application claims priority to the PCT application No. PCT / CN2024 / 111153 filed on August 9, 2024, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a method for lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof by administering to the subject a compound that degrades G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The present disclosure also relates to use of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or the pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of a medicament for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.BACKGROUND
[0003] Glucose is transported through the bloodstream, serving as the predominant source of energy for cells in the body. Glucose which is not circulating in the blood is stored in liver cells and skeletal muscle cells as glycogen, which may release glucose into the blood in case of fasting or starvation. Blood glucose level, also termed as blood sugar level or blood sugar concentration, is the measure of glucose circulated in the blood and is finely tuned to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In humans, properly maintained glucose levels are necessary for normal function in a number of tissues, especially human brain. Under normal circumstances, blood glucose levels of a human stay within the limits of 70 to 120 mg / dL throughout the day, although the levels may rise after taking meals and are usually lowest before taking the first meal of the day in the morning. Having inappropriately elevated glucose level in the blood for a prolonged period of time can cause serious health problems if it is left untreated. A persistent elevation in blood glucose, either under the circumstances of a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes, can damage pancreatic beta cells, leading to glucose toxicity or glucotoxicity characterized by both a decrease in insulin production and an increase in body’s resistance to insulin, which may subsequently contribute to a series of serious complications. There remains an unmet need in the medical community for new measures for lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a disease or disorder that is ameliorable by lowering blood glucose or stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, for example a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to a method for lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound represented by Formula (1) that degrades G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same as disclosed herein. Also provided herein is the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, for use in inlowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof. Also provided herein is use of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same for the preparation of a medicament for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.
[0005] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject: (a) a compound represented by Formula (1) : GBM-DT (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof; wherein: GBM is a GRK2 binding moiety; DT is a degradation tag having E3 ligase binding capacity; or (b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
[0006] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.
[0007] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for the preparation of a medicament for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.
[0008] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized by the person skilled in the art, various modifications can be made to the details of the illustrative embodiments without departing from the disclosure, and the present disclosure may encompass various other and different embodiments functionally equivalent to the illustrative embodiments. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0009] All publications, patent applications or patents cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent application or patent was individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the extent publications, patent applications or patents incorporated by reference contradict or are not consistent with the present disclosure contained in the specification, the specification is intended to take precedence over any such contradictory materials.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The novel features of the disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of present disclosure are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
[0011] Figure 1 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from PASMCs originated from human (h-PASMC) treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0012] Figure 2 shows the image of another PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMC treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0013] Figure 3 shows the ratio of the expression level of GRK2 to that of β-actin (represented by the ratio of “GRK2 / β-actin” ) in h-PASMC treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0014] Figure 4 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from PASMCs originated from mouse (m-PASMC) treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0015] Figure 5 shows the image of another PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from m-PASMC treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0016] Figure 6 shows the ratio of the expression level of GRK2 to that of β-actin (represented by the ratio of “GRK2 / β-actin” ) in m-PASMC treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0017] Figure 7 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from PASMCs originated from rat (r-PASMC) treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0018] Figure 8 shows the image of another PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from r-PASMC treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of various test substances.
[0019] Figure 9 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 2 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 2 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0020] Figure 10 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 3 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 3 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0021] Figure 11 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 20 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 20 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0022] Figure 12 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 21 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 21 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0023] Figure 13 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 22 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 22 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0024] Figure 14 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 23 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 23 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0025] Figure 15 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 25 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 25 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0026] Figure 16 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 26 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 26 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0027] Figure 17 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 27 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 27 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0028] Figure 18 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 28 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 28 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0029] Figure 19 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 29 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 29 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0030] Figure 20 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 30 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 30 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0031] Figure 21 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 33 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 33 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0032] Figure 22 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 34 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 34 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0033] Figure 23 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 35 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 35 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0034] Figure 24 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 37 (20 μM) , MG132 (1 μM) and the combination thereof (20 μM compound 37 plus 1 μM MG132) .
[0035] Figure 25 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 1-P1 (0.1 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM and 10 μM) .
[0036] Figure 26 shows the image of a PVDF membrane for cellular proteins extracted from h-PASMCs treated under hypoxic condition in the presence of compound 1-P2 (0.1 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM and 10 μM) .
[0037] Figure 27A shows the level of GRK2 silencing in primary mouse pancreatic islets transfected with si-NC or si-GRK2 for 48h as determined by Western blot analysis.
[0038] Figure 27B shows the GSI value (the ratio of glucose stimulated insulin secretion to basal insulin secretion) of primary mouse pancreatic islets transfected with si-NC or si-GRK2 for 48h.
[0039] Figure 27C shows the KSI value (the ratio of KCl stimulated insulin secretion to basal insulin secretion) of primary mouse pancreatic islets transfected with si-NC or si-GRK2 for 48h.
[0040] Figure 27D shows the level of GRK2 overexpression in primary mouse pancreatic islets transfected with Ad-GFP or Ad-GRK2 for 48h as determined by Western blot analysis.
[0041] Figure 27E shows the GSI value (the ratio of glucose stimulated insulin secretion to basal insulin secretion) of primary mouse pancreatic islets transfected with Ad-GFP or Ad-GRK2 for 48h.
[0042] Figure 27F shows the KSI value (the ratio of KCl stimulated insulin secretion to basal insulin secretion) of primary mouse pancreatic islets transfected with Ad-GFP or Ad-GRK2 for 48h.
[0043] Figure 28 shows the changes of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of diabetic db / db mice over time after intragastric administration of compound 1.
[0044] Figure 29 shows the changes of FBG levels of diabetic C57BL / 6 mice established with a HFD + STZ protocol over time after intragastric administration of compound 1.
[0045] Figure 30 shows the images of sections of pancreatic tissues from two types of diabetic mice stained with hematoxylin observed under an inverted microscope.
[0046] Figure 31A shows the images of sections of pancreatic tissues from the diabetic C57BL / 6 mice established with a HFD + STZ protocol stained with DAPI observed under a laser confocal microscope.
[0047] Figure 31B shows the images of sections of pancreatic tissues from the diabetic db / db mice stained with DAPI observed under a laser confocal microscope.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONI. Definitions
[0048] Unless defined otherwise, all scientific and technical terms used in the present disclosure have the same meaning as is commonly understood by the person skilled in the art.
[0049] As used in the specification and claims, when referring to a noun as used in the present disclosure, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular form “a” or “an” encompasses both singular and plural units of the noun (i.e., encompasses the expression “at least one” or “one or more” ) , and vice versa.
[0050] As used in the specification and claims, ranges are intended to explicitly disclose each of the endpoints of the range and each integer included in the range, unless otherwise indicated. Additionally, any sub-ranges consisting of these integers are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure.
[0051] The terms “GRK2” and “GRK2 protein” are used interchangeably and refer to G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, which belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser / Thr protein kinases. GRK2 is known to be encoded by the ADRBK1 gene. It is intended that both wild-type GRK2 and natural variants of the same, such as those having at least 85%identity (e.g., 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.9%identity, or more) to the amino acid sequence of wild-type GRK2, are encompassed by the terms.
[0052] The term “degrade (s) ” , “degrading” or “degradation” , when used in the context of a protein (e.g., GRK2) , refers to decomposing or metabolizing said protein in vivo or in vitro. Generally, degrading GRK2 leads to a reduction of the GRK2 activity or a downstream effect relative to a baseline or control level of GRK2 activity.
[0053] The term “degrader” refers to a small molecule compound, when interacts with a protein (e.g., GRK2) in vivo or in vitro, results in partial or complete degradation of the protein.
[0054] The term “GRK2 degrader” refers to a small molecule compound, when interacts with GRK2 in vivo or in vitro, results in partial or complete degradation of the GRK2. In some embodiments, the GRK2 degrader as disclosed herein is effective in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a disease or disorder that is ameliorable by lowering blood glucose or stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, for example a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.
[0055] The term “degradation tag” refers to a moiety whose binding with E3 ligase results in partial or complete degradation of a protein (e.g., GRK2) .
[0056] The term “moiety” is used interchangeably with “chemical moiety” or “structural fragment” and refers to a part or functional group of a molecule. A moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.
[0057] The term “about” , when used in conjunction with a number, includes the specific point value as well as a range of the number (e.g., a range of ±10%, ±5%, ±4%, ±3%, ±2%or ±1%with respect to a specific point value) that is recognized as having substantially the same effect by the person skilled in the art.
[0058] The terms “comprise” , “include” , “contain” and variations thereof are intended to mean open-ended transitional phrases that do not exclude the possibilities of additional substances or methods. When such terms are used to describe a certain pharmaceutical composition, use or method of the present disclosure, it also encompasses the situation that the pharmaceutical composition, use or method consists of the recited substances or methods. In the context of this disclosure, the term “consisting of” is intended to mean a close-ended transitional phrase, which excludes the possibilities of additional substances or methods.
[0059] The term “Cx-y” , when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety such as alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, is meant to include chemical moieties that contain from x to y carbons in the chain thereof. For example, the term “C1-6 alkyl” refers to an alkyl, including straight-chain alkyl and branched-chain alkyl groups that contain from 1 to 6 carbons.
[0060] The term “alkyl” refers to a saturated monovalent linear or branched hydrocarbon group. An alkyl used in the context of the present disclosure may contain 1-20 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-20 alkyl) , e.g., 1-18, 1-16, 1-14, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 1-3, or 1-2 carbon atoms. Examples of an alkyl group include, but not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, septyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. An alkyl group is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.
[0061] The term “alkenyl” refers to an unsaturated monovalent linear or branched hydrocarbon group comprising at least one C=C double bond. An alkenyl used in the context of the present disclosure may contain 2-20 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-20 alkenyl) , e.g., 2-18, 2-16, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, 2-3, or 2 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkenyl group include, but not limited to ethenyl (i.e., vinyl) , prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1, 3-dienyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1, 4-dienyl, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, and hexa-1, 3-dienyl, and the like.
[0062] The term “alkynyl” refers to an unsaturated monovalent linear or branched hydrocarbon group comprising at least one C≡C triple bond. An alkynyl used in the context of the present disclosure may contain 2-20 carbon atoms (i.e., C2-20 alkynyl) , e.g., 2-18, 2-16, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, 2-3, or 2 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkynyl group include, but not limited to ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, and the like.
[0063] The term “halogen” or “halo” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.
[0064] The term “CN” or “cyano” refers to -C≡N.
[0065] The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group that is substituted by one or more halogens. Examples of the haloalkyl include, but not limited to fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, and 1, 2-dibromoethyl.
[0066] The term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein at least one of the constituent carbon atoms have been replaced by one or more heteroatoms. Examples of heteroatoms include, but not limited to O, N, P, Si, or S, preferably O, N, or S, wherein the N, S, or P atom may optionally be oxidized, and the N heteroatom may optionally be quaternized. Connection to the rest of the molecule may be through either a heteroatom or a carbon in the heteroalkyl group.
[0067] The term “carbocyclyl” refers to a non-aromatic ring or ring system in which each member atom of the ring or ring system is carbon. A “non-aromatic ring or ring system” refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring or ring system that does not meet the requirements set forth below for an aromatic ring or ring system, and can be either saturated or partially unsaturated. A carbocyclyl used in the context of the present disclosure typically contains 3-12 carbon atoms (i.e., 3-to 12-membered carbocyclyl) , e.g., 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-6, 4-5 or 5-6 carbon atoms. The carbocyclyl may be a monocyclic ring (e.g., 3-to 12-, 3-to 10-, 3-to 8-, 3-to 6-, 3-to 4-, or 5-to 6-membered) or a polycyclic ring, such as a bicyclic ring (e.g., 6-to 12-membered) or a tricyclic ring (e. g, 11-to 14-membered) . Each ring of a polycyclic carbocyclyl may be selected from saturated, partially unsaturated and aromatic rings, provided that at least one ring of the polycyclic carbocyclyl is not an aromatic ring. Polycyclic carbocyclyl may be fused, bridged or spiro-ring systems. In some embodiments, the carbocyclyl is a cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the carbocyclyl is a cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the carbocyclyl is a cycloalkynyl. In some embodiments, an aromatic ring, e.g., phenyl, may be fused to a saturated or partially unsaturated ring, e.g., cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexenyl. Examples of the carbocyclyl include, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl, cyclopentenyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexenyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, adamantyl, 1, 2-dihydronaphthalenyl, 1, 4-dihydronaphthalenyl, tetrainyl, decalinyl, spiro [2.2] pentyl, norbornyl and bicycle [1.1.1] pentyl.
[0068] The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a fully saturated carbocyclyl. A cycloalkyl used in the context of the present disclosure typically contains 3-12 carbon atoms (i.e., 3-to 12-membered cycloalkyl) , e.g., 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-6, 4-5 or 5-6 carbon atoms. The cycloalkyl may be a monocyclic ring (e.g., 3-to 12-, 3-to 10-, 3-to 8-, 3-to 6-, 3-to 4-, or 5-to 6-membered) or a polycyclic ring, such as a bicyclic ring (e.g., 6-to 12-membered) or a tricyclic ring (e. g, 11-to 14-membered) . Polycyclic cycloalkyls may be fused, bridged or spiro-ring systems. Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl include, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl. Examples of the bicyclic cycloalkyl include, but not limited to bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl, bicyclo [2.2.2] octanyl, and bicyclo [3.2.2] nonyl.
[0069] The term “aryl” refers to an aromatic ring or ring system wherein each of the atoms forming the ring or ring system is a carbon atom. An “aromatic ring or ring system” refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring or ring system that contains conjugated, planar ring systems with delocalized π electron orbitals comprised of [4n+2] p orbital electrons, wherein n is an integer of 0 to 6. An aryl used in the context of the present disclosure typically contains 6-12 carbon atoms. The aryl may be a monocyclic aryl, for example, phenyl; a bicyclic aryl, for example, naphthyl and indenyl; and tricyclic aryl, for example, fluorenyl. Examples of the aryl include, but are not limited to phenyl and naphthyl.
[0070] The term “heterocyclyl” refers to a non-aromatic ring or ring system comprising one or more carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 1 or 2 heteroatoms) . A heterocyclyl used in the context of the present disclosure typically contains 3-12 member atoms (i.e., 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) , e.g., 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-6, 4-5 or 5-6 member atoms (i.e., carbon atoms or heteroatoms) . Examples of heteroatoms include, but not limited to O, N, P, Si, or S, preferably O, N, or S, wherein the N, S, or P atom may optionally be oxidized, and the N heteroatom may optionally be quaternized. When the total number of S and O atoms in the heterocyclyl exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heterocyclyl is not more than 2, preferably not more than 1. The heterocyclyl may be a monocyclic ring (e.g., 3-to 12-, 3-to 10-, 3-to 8-, 3-to 6-, 3-to 4-, or 5-to 6-membered) or a polycyclic ring, such as a bicyclic ring (e.g., 6-to 12-membered) or a tricyclic ring (e. g, 11-to 14-membered) . Each ring of a polycyclic heterocyclyl may be selected from saturated, partially unsaturated and aromatic rings, provided that at least one ring of the polycyclic heterocyclyl is not an aromatic ring. The heterocyclyl may be attached to the rest of the molecule through any atom of the heterocyclyl, valence permitting, such as a carbon or nitrogen atom of the heterocyclyl. Polycyclic heterocyclyls may be fused, bridged or spiro-ring systems. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a heterocycloalkynyl. Examples of the heterocyclyl include, but not limited to oxiranyl, aziridinyl, thiiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, dithietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, azepanyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxathianyl, dioxepanyl, oxathiepanyl, oxaazepanyl, dithiepanyl, thiazepanyl, diazepanyl, dithianyl, azathianyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithiolanyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrimidinonyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 3-azabicyco [3.1.0] hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo [4.1.0] heptanyl and azabicyclo [2.2.2] hexanyl. It is understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocyclyl, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocyclyl is not the same as the total number of atoms (including the heteroatoms) that make up the heterocyclyl (i.e. member atoms of the heterocyclyl ring) .
[0071] The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic ring or ring system comprising one or more carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 1 or 2 heteroatoms) . A heteroaryl used in the context of the present disclosure typically contains 5-12 member atoms (i.e., 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl) , e.g., 5-6 or 8-12 member atoms (i.e., carbon atoms or heteroatoms) . Examples of heteroatoms include, but not limited to N, O, and S atoms. When the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl is not more than 2, preferably not more than 1. The heteroaryl may be a monocyclic ring (e.g., 5-to 6-membered) or a polycyclic ring, such as a bicyclic ring (e.g., 8-to 12-membered) or a tricyclic ring (e. g, 11-to 14-membered) . Examples of the heteroaryl group include, but are not limited to pyrazolyl, imidazolyl (such as 2, 4-imidazolyl) , imidazopyridinyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl (such as 1-oxa-2, 3-diazolyl, 1-oxa-2, 4-diazolyl, 1-oxa-2, 5-diazolyl, or 1-oxa-3, 4-diazolyl) , thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (such as 1-thia-2, 3-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 4-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 5-diazolyl, or 1-thia-3, 4-diazolyl) , triazolyl, pyridyl (such as 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl) , cinnolinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl (such as 2, 4-pyrimidinyl, or 3, 5-pyrimidinyl) , pyridazinyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, benzothienyl, furyl, benzofuryl, benzoimidazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, benzoxazolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl (such as benzo [d] thiazol-6-yl) , indazolyl (such as 1H-indazol-5-yl) and 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl.
[0072] The term “substituted” refers to moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbon atoms or heteroatoms that are substitutable, e.g., a nitrogen atom of a compound. Where substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemical formulae, written from left to right, they equally encompass the chemically identical substituents that would result from writing the structure from right to left. For example, -CH2O-is equivalent to -OCH2-. As used in the present disclosure, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds, including acyclic and cyclic, linear and branched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds. The permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds. For purposes of this disclosure, heteroatoms such as nitrogen atom may have hydrogen substituents and / or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described in the present disclosure which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms. Substituents can include any substituents described in the present disclosure, for example, a halogen, a hydroxyl, a carbonyl (such as a carboxyl, an alkoxycarbonyl, an acetyl or a formyl) , a thiocarbonyl (such as a thioester, a thioacetate, or a thioformate group) , an alkoxyl, a phosphoryl, a phosphate group, a phosphonate group, a phosphinate group, an amino, an amido, an amidine group, an imino, a cyano, a nitro, an azido, a sulfhydryl, an alkylthio, a sulfate group, a sulfonate group, a sulfamoyl, a sulfonamido, a sulfonyl, a heterocyclyl, an aralkyl, a carbocyclyl, a heterocyclyl, a cycloalkyl, a heterocycloalkyl, an aryl and an heteroaryl moiety. It is to be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, i.e., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. In some embodiments, “substituted” refers to moieties having substituents replacing two hydrogen atoms on the same carbon atom, such as substituting the two hydrogen atoms on a single carbon with an oxo, imino or thioxo group. It is to be understood by the person skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate.
[0073] The term “optional (ly) ” means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted aryl” means that the aryl group may or may not be substituted and that the aforesaid description includes both substituted aryl groups and unsubstituted aryl groups.
[0074] The term “isomers” refers to different compounds that have the same molecular formula. Certain compounds as described in the present disclosure contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus give rise to stereoisomeric forms, including enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomers, the asymmetric centers of which can be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R) -or (S) -. The compounds as described in the present disclosure may in some embodiments exist as diastereomers, enantiomers, other stereoisomeric forms as well as the appropriate mixtures thereof. When a compound is a pure enantiomer, the stereochemistry at each chiral carbon can be specified by either R or S. “Stereoisomers” are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are arranged in space. “Enantiomers” are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A 1: 1 mixture of a pair of enantiomers is a “racemic” mixture. The term “ (±) ” is used to designate a racemic mixture where appropriate. “Diastereoisomers” or “diastereomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms but are not mirror images of each other. The absolute stereochemistry is specified according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-Ssystem. Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can be designated (+) or (-) depending on the direction (dextrotatory or levorotatory) in which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelength of the sodium D line. The present chemical entities, pharmaceutical compositions and methods are meant to include all such possible stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures, optically pure forms, mixtures of diastereomers and intermediate mixtures. Optically active (R) -and (S) -isomers can be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents or resolved using conventional techniques. The optical activity of a compound can be analyzed via any suitable method, including but not limited to chiral chromatography and polarimetry, and the degree of predominance of one stereoisomer over the other isomer can be determined. Unless mentioned otherwise, reference to one isomer applies to any of the possible isomers. Whenever the isomeric composition is unspecified, all possible isomers are included.
[0075] The compounds as described in the present disclosure having carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-nitrogen double bonds may exist in Z-or E-form (or cis-or trans-form) . Furthermore, some compounds as described in the present disclosure may exist in various tautomeric forms (i.e., tautomers) . The term “tautomer” refers to a molecule wherein a proton shift from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule is possible. In some embodiments, the compounds as described in the present disclosure may exist as tautomers. Under the circumstances where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will exist. The exact ratio of the tautomers will be dependent on several factors, including temperature, solvent, physical state and pH. For example, compounds including -CH2C (O) -groups (keto forms) may undergo tautomerism to form -CH=C (OH) -groups (enol forms) . Unless otherwise specified, the compounds as described in the present disclosure are intended to include all Z-, E-and tautomeric forms as well.
[0076] Separation of stereoisomers may be performed by chromatography or by forming diastereomers and separating by recrystallization, or chromatography, or any combination thereof. See Jean Jacques, Andre Collet, Samuel H. Wilen, “Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions” , John Wiley And Sons, Inc., 1981, herein incorporated by reference for this disclosure. Stereoisomers may also be obtained by stereoselective synthesis.
[0077] The term “isotope” refers to the compounds as described in the present disclosure wherein one or more of the atoms constituting the compounds are artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. The compounds as described in the present disclosure optionally contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more atoms that constitute such compounds. For example, the compounds may be labeled with isotopes, such as for example, deuterium (2H) , tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) or carbon-14 (14C) . Isotopic substitution with 2H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 12N, 13N, 15N, 16N, 16O, 17O, 14F, 15F, 16F, 17F, 18F, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, and 125I are all contemplated. All isotopes of the compounds as described in the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H (protium) , 2H (deuterium) , and 3H (tritium) . Protium is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increased in vivo half-life and / or exposure, or may provide a compound useful for investigating in vivo routes of drug elimination and metabolism. In some embodiments, the compounds as described in the present disclosure are deuterated in at least one position. Such deuterated forms can be made by the procedure described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5, 846, 514 and 6,334, 997. Radioactive isotopes, such as tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) or carbon-14 (14C) may be used in accordance with the present disclosure. Isotopically-enriched compounds may be prepared by conventional techniques well known to the person skilled in the art.
[0078] The term “prodrug” refers to any compounds which, under physiologic conditions, are converted into compounds as described in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the compounds or salts thereof may exist as prodrugs, e.g., wherein a hydroxyl in the parent compound is presented as an ester or a carbonate, or carboxylic acid present in the parent compound is presented as an ester. Prodrugs are useful because they may be easier to administer than the parent drug under some circumstances. They may, for instance, be bioavailable by oral administration whereas the parent drug is not. Prodrugs may help enhance the cell permeability of a compound relative to the parent drug. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmaceutical compositions over the parent drug. Prodrugs may be designed as reversible drug derivatives, for use as modifiers to enhance drug transport to site-specific tissues or to increase drug residence inside of a cell. One method for making a prodrug is to include one or more selected moieties which are hydrolyzed under physiologic conditions to expose the desired molecule. In other embodiments, the prodrug is converted by an enzymatic activity of the host animal such as specific target cells in the host animal. For example, esters or carbonates (e.g., esters or carbonates of alcohols or carboxylic acids and esters of phosphonic acids) are preferred prodrugs of the present disclosure.
[0079] The term “solvate” refers to an aggregate that consists of a solute ion or molecule with one or more solvent molecules. The compounds as described in the present disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms (i.e., solvates) with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water (i.e., hydrate) , ethanol (i.e., ethanolate) , and the like. When the solvent is water, “solvate” is specifically termed as “hydrate” .
[0080] The term “polymorph” refers to various forms of a solid material that exists in more than one form. In the context of the present disclosure, the term “polymorph” encompasses both “amorphous form” and “crystalline forms” . Accordingly, the compounds as described in the present disclosure may be present as amorphous forms as well as crystalline forms.
[0081] The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and other animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0082] The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable material, carrier, or vehicle which are used for the preparation of the pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms in accordance with the present disclosure. Each excipient must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms and not injurious to the patient.
[0083] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts derived from a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic counter ions well known in the art. The compounds as described in the present disclosure which possess an acidic, a basic, or both functional groups, may react with any of a number of inorganic and organic acids and inorganic and organic bases to form a salt. Alternatively, compounds that are inherently charged, such as those with a quaternary nitrogen, can form a salt with an appropriate counterion, e.g., a halide ion such as bromide, chloride, or fluoride. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids or organic acids. Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like. Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like, specifically such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and ethanolamine. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt is selected from ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be found, for example, in S.M. Berge, et al.J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, pp. 1 to 19.
[0084] The term “blood glucose” , also known as blood sugar, refers to glucose circulated in blood.
[0085] The term “high blood glucose” , also known as hyperglycemia or high blood sugar, refers to a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood. American Diabetes Association Guidelines defines that a subject with a consistent range between 100–126 mg / dL is considered slightly hyperglycemic, and above 126 mg / dL is generally held to have diabetes.
[0086] The term “adisease or disorder that is ameliorable by lowering blood glucose” refers to a disease or disorder which manifests sustained high blood glucose or which can be treated or ameliorated by lowering blood glucose. Its examples include, without limitation, a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes.
[0087] The term “insulin resistance (IR) ” is a pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia.
[0088] The term “pre-diabetic condition” , also known as prediabetes, refers to a condition characterized as having blood glucose (sugar) levels that are higher than normal, but not yet at the point that defines diabetes. Pre-diabetic condition includes, but not limited to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) , impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and metabolic syndrome (Syndrom X) . IFG is defined by an elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration of ≥100 mg / dL and <126 mg / dL. IGT is defined by an elevated 2-h plasma glucose concentration of ≥140 mg / dL and <200 mg / dL after a 75-g glucose load on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the presence of an FPG concentration <126 mg / dL. Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing a subject’s risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood glucose, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. According to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria, metabolic syndrome is defined as having at least three of the following: blood pressure ≥130 / 85 mm Hg; fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol / L (≥ 100 mg / dL) ; waist circumference >102 cm (men) or >88 cm (women) ; triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol / L; and HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol / L (men) or 1.3 mmol / L (women) .
[0089] The term “diabetes” and “diabetes mellitus” are used interchangeably and refer to a group of metabolic disorders characterized by sustained high blood glucose levels. The World Health Organization defines the diagnostic value of fasting plasma glucose level to 126 mg / dL and above (whole blood 110 mg / dL) , or 2-hour glucose level ≥200 mg / dL for diabetes. Diabetes is classified by the World Health Organization into six main categories: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hybrid forms of diabetes (including slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes of adults and ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes) , hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy, other specific types, and unclassified diabetes. Diabetes is due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, as well as disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Classic symptoms of diabetes include thirst, polyuria, weight loss, and blurred vision. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to various health complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, among others.
[0090] The term “type 1 diabetes” , as known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) , refers to a subtype of diabetes characterized by pancreatic β-cell cell destruction (mostly immune-mediated) and absolute insulin deficiency. Onset of type 1 diabetes is most common in childhood and early adulthood. The majority of people with type 1 diabetes at diagnosis have evidence of an immune-mediated process (i.e., immune-mediated type 1 diabetes) ; however, type 1 diabetes may occur without immune features (i.e., idiopathic type 1 diabetes) .
[0091] The term “type 2 diabetes” , as known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) , refers to a most common subtype of diabetes characterized by various degrees of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to lifestyle factors and genetics. A number of lifestyle factors are known to be important to the development of type 2 diabetes, including obesity (defined by a body mass index of greater than 30) , lack of physical activity, poor diet, stress, and urbanization.
[0092] The term “hybrid forms of diabetes” refers to a subtype of diabetes characterized by hybrid characteristics of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, including slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes and ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes.
[0093] The term “slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes” refers to a slowly evolving form of immune-mediated diabetes which occurs most frequently in adults who present clinically with what is initially thought to be type 2 diabetes, but who have evidence of pancreatic autoantibodies that can react with non-specific cytoplasmic antigens in islet cells, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) , protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, insulin, or ZnT8.
[0094] The term “ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes” refers to an unusual form of non-immune ketosis-prone diabetes characterized by ketosis and evidence of severe insulin deficiency but later go into remission and do not require insulin treatment. Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes is differentiated from type 1 diabetes and classical type 2 diabetes by specific epidemiologic, clinical, and metabolic features of diabetes onset and by the natural history of impairment in insulin secretion and action.
[0095] The term “hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy” includes two categories of hyperglycaemia when first recognized in pregnancy. One category is diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, defined by the same criteria as in non-pregnant persons. The other one is gestational diabetes mellitus, defined as glucose intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy and by defined by newly recommended glucose cut-off points that are lower than those for diabetes (see Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a World Health Organization Guideline. Diab Res Clin Pract. 2014; 103: 341–63) .
[0096] The term “other specific types of diabetes” includes, without limitation, monogenic diabetes associated with monogenic defects of β-cell function and / or monogenic defects in insulin action, diabetes associated with diseases of the exocrine pancreas, diabetes associated with endocrine disorders, drug-or chemical-induced diabetes, infection-related diabetes, uncommon specific forms of immune-mediated diabetes, other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes or any combination thereof.
[0097] The term “unclassified diabetes” refers to diabetes that does not clearly fit into the above-mentioned categories of diabetes, including “type 1 diabetes” , “type 2 diabetes” , “hybrid forms of diabetes” , “hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy” and “other specific types of diabetes” .
[0098] The term “complication” refers to an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition or treatment, which may adversely affect the prognosis or outcome of a disease. In general, complications are manifested by either a worsening in the severity of the disease or the development of new signs, symptoms, or pathological changes which may become widespread throughout the body and affect other organ systems. Therefore, complications may lead to the development of new diseases resulting from previously existing diseases. Complications may also arise as a result of various treatments.
[0099] The term “complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes” refers to a complication at least partially caused by a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes or a treatment therefor. It can include, without limitation, an acute complication such as severe diabetic hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma or any combination thereof, or a chronic complication such as a microangiopathy (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, erectile dysfunction, periodontal disease or any combination thereof) , a macrovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, diabetic myonecrosis, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, carotid artery stenosis, diabetic foot, female infertility or any combination thereof) , a respiratory infection, increased risk of wound infections, restrictive lung disease, lipohypertrophy, depression, cognitive deficit, gastroparesis, endocrinopathies or any combination thereof.
[0100] The terms “subject” , “individual” and “patient” are used interchangeably and refer to humans as well as non-human mammals (e.g., non-human primates, canines, equines, felines, porcines, bovines, ungulates, lagomorphs, and the like) . In some embodiments, the subject can be a human (e.g., male newborn, female newborn, male infant, female infant, male toddler, female toddler, male child, female child, male adolescent, female adolescent, male teenager, female teenager, male adult, female adult, male elderly, female elderly) under the care of a physician or other health worker in a hospital, as an outpatient, or other clinical context. In some embodiments, the subject may not be under the care or prescription of a physician or other health worker.
[0101] The phrase “asubject in need thereof” refers to a subject that suffers from, or is at risk for, a pathology to be preventively or therapeutically treated with a compound, a composition, or a dosage form as described in the present disclosure.
[0102] The terms “administer” , “administered” , “administers” and “administering” are defined as providing a compound, a composition, a formulation and / or a dosage form in accordance with the present disclosure to a subject in need thereof via a route known in the art, including but not limited to oral, buccal, topical, transmucosal, transdermal, rectal, and parenteral routes of administration. In some embodiments, an oral route of administration is used. In some embodiments, a parenteral route of administration, including intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraosseous, and intraperitoneal is used.
[0103] The term “prevent” , “prevention” or “preventing” as related to a disease or condition may refer to a compound, a composition, a formulation and / or a dosage form as described in the present disclosure that, in a statistical sample, reduces the occurrence of the disorder or condition in the treated sample relative to an untreated control sample, or delays the onset or reduces the severity of one or more symptoms of the disorder or condition relative to the untreated control sample. In some embodiments, for preventive benefit, the compound, composition, formulation and / or dosage form as described in the present disclosure is administered to a subject at risk of developing a particular disease or condition, porting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease or condition, even though a diagnosis of this disease or condition may not have been made.
[0104] The term “treat” , “treatment” or “treating” refers to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results (i.e., therapeutic benefits) with respect to a disease or condition. In some embodiments, treat, treatment or treating involves administering a compound, a composition, a formulation and / or a dosage form as described in the present disclosure to a subject. Treating can include, for example, reducing, delaying or alleviating the severity of one or more symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition, or it can include reducing the frequency with which symptoms of a disease, defect, disorder, or adverse condition, and the like, are experienced by a patient. In some embodiments, a therapeutic benefit may include the eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated. In some embodiments, a therapeutic benefit may be achieved with the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder, such as observing an improvement in the subject, notwithstanding that the subject may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder.
[0105] The term “antidiabetic agent” refers to drugs used in diabetes that treat a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related thereto by altering the glucose level in the blood.
[0106] The term “additional antidiabetic agent” refers to an antidiabetic agent other than the compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof disclosed herein. Exemplary additional antidiabetic agent includes, without limitation, an insulin optionally selected from the group consisting of a rapid-acting insulin, a short-acting insulin, an intermediate-acting insulin and a long-acting insulin; an insulin sensitizer optionally selected from the group consisting of a biguanide, a thiazolidinedione, a LYN kinase activator; an insulin secretagogue optionally selected from the group consisting of a sulfonylurea and a nonsulfonylurea; an α-glucosidase inhibitor; a peptide analog optionally selected from the group consisting of an injectable incretin mimetics and an injectable amylin analogues; a glycosuric; a glifozin; or any combination thereof. II. Methods or uses
[0107] GRK2, as the most ubiquitous and well-characterized member of G protein-coupled receptor kinases, is known to be widely expressed in a variety of organs and tissues, where it involves in the regulation of various intracellular mechanisms. Like other GRKs, GRK2 recognizes and phosphorylates agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on certain amino acid residues, such as threonine and serine residues. After phosphorylation, the GPCRs undergo desensitization, which is believed to an important mechanisum for the individual to maintain homeostasis and prevent disorders.
[0108] Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that GRK2 is involved in the regulation of insulin signalling, and GRK2 up-regulation can lead to changes in the insulin signaling cascade, which can translate to insulin-resistance. Thus, the inventors believe that inhibition of GRK2 may stand as a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a disease or disorder related thereto.
[0109] Provided herein are the compound represented by Formula (1) that degrades GRK2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof for use in the method or use described herein. The compounds described herein are bivalent compounds including a GRK2 binding moiety conjugated to a degradation tag having E3 ligase binding capacity.
[0110] Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that, at least in some embodiments, attaching the degradation tag as described herein to the GRK2 binding moiety as described herein can recruit the corresponding ubiquitination machinery to GRK2, leading to the subsequent degradation of GRK2 in or near the proteasome and / or loss of function of GRK2.
[0111] Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the compound represented by Formula (1) which degrades GRK2 potently or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof as described herein is useful in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a disease or disorder that is ameliorable by lowering blood glucose or stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, for example a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes.
[0112] Thus, in some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject: (a) a compound represented by Formula (1) : GBM-DT (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof; wherein: GBM is a GRK2 binding moiety; DT is a degradation tag having E3 ligase binding capacity; or (b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
[0113] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.
[0114] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for the preparation of a medicament for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.
[0115] In some embodiments, the GBM is a moiety derived from polyanionic and polycationic compounds.
[0116] In some embodiments, the polyanionic and polycationic compounds is selected from heparin and dextran sulfate.
[0117] In some embodiments, the GBM is a moiety derived from balanol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.
[0118] In some embodiments, the GBM is a moiety derived from Takeda inhibitors selected from or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.
[0119] In some embodiments, the GBM is a moiety derived from paroxetine series selected from or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.
[0120] In some embodiments, the GBM is a moiety derived from indazole or dihydropyrimidine series represented by Formula (2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof wherein R is selected from R’is selected from H and halogen; and R”is selected from
[0121] In some embodiments, the GBM is represented by Formula (3) : wherein ★denotes the point of attachment with the DT; the Formula I is a moiety covalently linked to the Formula II, wherein the Formula I comprises a thiazole ring or triazole ring in its backbone and is capable of binding to GRK2 by itself or along with the Formula II; and the Formula II is a moiety covalently linked to both the Formula I and the DT, wherein the Formula II comprises an acyclic or cyclic saturated or unsaturated carbon, ethylene glycol group, amide group, ester group, amino group, oxy group, thio group, ether group, urea group, carbamate group, aromatic group, heteroaromatic group, heterocyclic group, carbonyl group or the combination thereof.
[0122] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (4) : wherein: ◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy; Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ ; LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, - C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R’is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0123] In some embodiments, Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.
[0124] In some embodiments, Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.
[0125] In some embodiments, Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.
[0126] In some embodiments, Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.
[0127] In some embodiments, Q is Cy.
[0128] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0129] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0130] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0131] In some embodiments, Cy is phenyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.
[0132] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0133] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0134] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0135] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0136] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0137] In some embodiments, LA is -CH2-.
[0138] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0139] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0140] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0141] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0142] In some embodiments, R is selected from H and -OH.
[0143] In some embodiments, R is H.
[0144] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0145] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0146] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0147] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0148] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.
[0149] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are H.
[0150] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are F.
[0151] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0152] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0153] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0154] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0155] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.
[0156] In some embodiments, R’ is Cl.
[0157] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0158] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0159] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.
[0160] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0161] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0162] In some embodiments, Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.
[0163] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0164] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0165] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently H or methyl.
[0166] In some embodiments, a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.
[0167] In some embodiments, a is 0 and b is 0.
[0168] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0169] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0170] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0171] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (4A) : wherein: ◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ ; R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C(=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0172] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0173] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0174] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0175] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0176] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.
[0177] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are H.
[0178] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0179] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0180] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0181] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0182] In some embodiments, R is selected from H and -OH.
[0183] In some embodiments, R is H.
[0184] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0185] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0186] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0187] In some embodiments, Cy is phenyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.
[0188] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from:
[0189] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0190] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0191] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0192] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0193] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.
[0194] In some embodiments, R’ is Cl.
[0195] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0196] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0197] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0198] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0199] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0200] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0201] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0202] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0203] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0204] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (4B) : wherein m is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
[0205] In some embodiments, m is selected from 0, 1 and 2.
[0206] In some embodiments, m is 0 or 1.
[0207] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (5) : wherein: ◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C(=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1A and R2A or R1B and R2B may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -C(=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 is independently N or CR4A; each of E1, E2, E3 and E4 is independently N or CR4B; each of F1, F2, F3 and F4 is independently N or CR4C; each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , - NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C(=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C(=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0208] In some embodiments, each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0209] In some embodiments, each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0210] In some embodiments, each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0211] In some embodiments, each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0212] In some embodiments, each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H and F.
[0213] In some embodiments, each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently H.
[0214] In some embodiments, each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl and optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl.
[0215] In some embodiments, each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen and C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen.
[0216] In some embodiments, each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen and propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen.
[0217] In some embodiments, each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0218] In some embodiments, each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H.
[0219] In some embodiments, at least one of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 is N, and the others are CRA.
[0220] In some embodiments, one of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 is N, and the others are CRA.
[0221] In some embodiments, D3 is N, and the others are CR4A.
[0222] In some embodiments, each of E1, E2, E3 and E4 is independently CR4B.
[0223] In some embodiments, each of F1, F2, F3 and F4 is independently CR4C.
[0224] In some embodiments, each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0225] In some embodiments, each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0226] In some embodiments, each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0227] In some embodiments, each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0228] In some embodiments, each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently H.
[0229] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0230] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0231] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0232] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0233] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0234] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0235] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0236] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0237] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0238] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (5A) :
[0239] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (5B) :
[0240] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (5C) :
[0241] In some embodiments, the Formula II comprises an amide group or an ester group.
[0242] In some embodiments, the Formula II is represented by Formula (6) : wherein *denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I; #denotes the point of attachment with the DT; A, T, and B, at each occurrence, are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, - C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NR1-, -C (=S) NR1-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2-, -S (=O) 2NR1-, -NR1-, -NR1C (=O) -, -NR1C (=O) NR2-, -NR1C (=S) -, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; and p is 0 to 15.
[0243] In some embodiments, the Formula II is represented by Formula (6A) : wherein *denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I; #denotes the point of attachment with the DT; R1, R2, R3, and R4, at each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; A, T, and B, at each occurrence, are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, - C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NR5-, -C (=S) NR5-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2-, -S (=O) 2NR5-, -NR5-, -NR5C (=O) -, -NR5C (=O) NR6-, -NR5C (=S) -, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, wherein R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; p is 0 to 15; each q is 0 to 15; and o is 0 to 15.
[0244] In some embodiments, the Formula II is represented by Formula (6B) : wherein *denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I; #denotes the point of attachment with the DT; each R1, and each R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, - NH2, and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, or C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; each A and each B are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, -C (=O) O-, - C (=O) NR3-, -C (=S) NR3-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2NR3-, -NR3-, -NR3C (=O) -, -NR3C (=O) NR4-, -NR3C (=S) -, and optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, or C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, wherein R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, or C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; each p is 0 to 15; and q is 0 to 15.
[0245] In some embodiments, the Formula II is represented by Formula (6C) : wherein *denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I; #denotes the point of attachment with the DT; X is selected from -O-, -NH, and -NR7-; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6, at each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; A and B, at each occurrence, are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, -C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NR7-, -C (=S) NR7-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2-, -S (=O) 2NR7-, -NR7-, -NR7C (=O) -, -NR7C (=O) NR8-, -NR7C (=S) -, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, wherein R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; each p is 0 to 15; each q is 0 to 15; o is 0 to 15; and r is 0 to 15.
[0246] In some embodiments, the Formula II is represented by Formula (7A) : wherein *denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I; #denotes the point of attachment with the DT; A is selected from C1-20alkylene, -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -and -N (Re) -C1-20alkylene-, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-20alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -; B is a bond or is selected from arylene, C3-12 carbocyclylene, 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; Re is selected from H and optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0247] In some embodiments, A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N(C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -.
[0248] In some embodiments, A is selected from -CH2-, -O-, -NH-, -NH- (CH2) 3-, -NH-(CH2) 5-and -NH-C (=O) - (CH2) 3-O- (CH2) 3-.
[0249] In some embodiments, A is selected from -CH2-, -O-and -NH-.
[0250] In some embodiments, A is -NH-.
[0251] In some embodiments, B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0252] In some embodiments, B is a bond or is selected from phenylene, pyrrolylene, furylene, thienylene, pyrazolylene, imidazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, pyridinylene, pyranylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene and triazinylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0253] In some embodiments, B is a bond or phenylene which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br.
[0254] In some embodiments, B is a bond or phenylene.
[0255] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0256] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0257] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0258] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0259] In some embodiments, Re is H.
[0260] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0261] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0262] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0263] In some embodiments, Formula (7A) is a moiety selected from:
[0264] In some embodiments, Formula (7A) is a moiety selected from:
[0265] In some embodiments, the Formula II is represented by Formula (7B) : wherein *denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I; #denotes the point of attachment with the DT; is a single bond or a double bond; R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; e is 0 or 1; f is selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0266] In some embodiments, is a single bond.
[0267] In some embodiments, is a double bond.
[0268] In some embodiments, R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0269] In some embodiments, R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0270] In some embodiments, R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0271] In some embodiments, R” is selected from F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH and -NH2.
[0272] In some embodiments, e is 0.
[0273] In some embodiments, e is 1.
[0274] In some embodiments, f is 0.
[0275] In some embodiments, Formula (7B) is a moiety selected from:
[0276] In some embodiments, the DT is capable of binding to an E3 ligase for recruitment of the corresponding ubiquitination machinery to GRK2, leading to the subsequent degradation of GRK2 in or near the proteasome and / or loss of function of GRK2.
[0277] In some embodiments, the DT is selected from the group consisting of cereblon ligands, VHL ligands, MDM2 ligands, TRIM24 ligands, TRIM21 ligands, KEAP1 ligands, RNF114 ligands, IAP ligands, DCAF16 ligands, DCAF15 ligands, FEM1B ligands, and ligands of arylhydrocarbon receptors.
[0278] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (8A) , (8B) , (8C) or (8D) : wherein, denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; U is independently selected from -CH2-, -NH-and -O-; each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-; each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N; R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; and R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl.
[0279] In some embodiments, U is -CH2-.
[0280] In some embodiments, U is -O-.
[0281] In some embodiments, U is -NH-.
[0282] In some embodiments, V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.
[0283] In some embodiments, V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.
[0284] In some embodiments, both of V and W are -C (=O) -.
[0285] In some embodiments, each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.
[0286] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0287] In some embodiments, R5 is H.
[0288] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0289] In some embodiments, R6 is H or F.
[0290] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety selected from:
[0291] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (9) : wherein denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, and optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl; R3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted - C (=O) C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) (3-7 membered heterocyclyl) , optionally substituted -C (=O) C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) O (3-7 membered heterocyclyl) , optionally substituted -C (=O) OC2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) N (3-7 membered heterocyclyl) , optionally substituted -C (=O) NC2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted -P (=O) (OH) 2, optionally substituted -P (=O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) 2, and optionally substituted -P (=O) (OC1-C8 aryl) 2.
[0292] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (10) : wherein denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; V, W, X, and Z are independently selected from CR4 and N; R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1- C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, and optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl.
[0293] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety derived from any of the following:
[0294] In some embodiments, the DT is selected from the group consisting of:
[0295] In some embodiments, the compound is represented by Formula (11) wherein: A is selected from C1-20alkylene, -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -and -N (Re) -C1-20alkylene-, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-20alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -; B is a bond or is selected from arylene, C3-12 carbocyclylene, 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc; U is independently selected from -CH2-, -NH-and -O-; each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-; each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ ; R’is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; Re is selected from H and optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0296] In some embodiments, A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N(C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -.
[0297] In some embodiments, A is selected from -CH2-, -O-, -NH-, -NH- (CH2) 3-, -NH-(CH2) 5-and -NH-C (=O) - (CH2) 3-O- (CH2) 3-.
[0298] In some embodiments, A is selected from -CH2-, -O-and -NH-.
[0299] In some embodiments, A is -NH-.
[0300] In some embodiments, B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0301] In some embodiments, B is a bond or is selected from phenylene, pyrrolylene, furylene, thienylene, pyrazolylene, imidazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, pyridinylene, pyranylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene and triazinylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0302] In some embodiments, B is a bond or phenylene which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br.
[0303] In some embodiments, B is a bond or phenylene.
[0304] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0305] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0306] In some embodiments, U is -CH2-.
[0307] In some embodiments, U is -O-.
[0308] In some embodiments, U is -NH-.
[0309] In some embodiments, V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.
[0310] In some embodiments, V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.
[0311] In some embodiments, both of V and W are -C (=O) -.
[0312] In some embodiments, each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.
[0313] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0314] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0315] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0316] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0317] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0318] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.
[0319] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are H.
[0320] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0321] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0322] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0323] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0324] In some embodiments, R is selected from H and -OH.
[0325] In some embodiments, R is H.
[0326] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0327] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0328] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0329] In some embodiments, Cy is phenyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.
[0330] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from:
[0331] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0332] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0333] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0334] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0335] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.
[0336] In some embodiments, R’ is Cl.
[0337] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0338] In some embodiments, R5 is H.
[0339] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0340] In some embodiments, R6 is H or F.
[0341] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0342] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0343] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0344] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0345] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0346] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0347] In some embodiments, Re is H.
[0348] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0349] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0350] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0351] In some embodiments, wherein the compound is represented by Formula (12A) , (12B) , (12C) , (12D) , (12E) or (12F) each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R’is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl; Ph represents phenylene; and m is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
[0352] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0353] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0354] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0355] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0356] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.
[0357] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are H.
[0358] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0359] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0360] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0361] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0362] In some embodiments, R is selected from H and -OH.
[0363] In some embodiments, R is H.
[0364] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0365] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0366] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0367] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0368] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.
[0369] In some embodiments, R’ is Cl.
[0370] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0371] In some embodiments, R5 is H.
[0372] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0373] In some embodiments, R6 is H or F.
[0374] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0375] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0376] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0377] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0378] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0379] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0380] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0381] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0382] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0383] In some embodiments, Ph represents
[0384] In some embodiments, m is selected from 0, 1 and 2.
[0385] In some embodiments, m is 0 or 1.
[0386] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of
[0387] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of
[0388] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (13) : wherein: ◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; each of is independently a single bond or a double bond; Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy; Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12- membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ ; LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, - C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-; X1, X2 and X3 are each independently selected from CR, S or N; with the proviso that at least one of X1, X2 and X3 is N and one of X1, X2 and X3 is S; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R’is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0389] In some embodiments, Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.
[0390] In some embodiments, Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.
[0391] In some embodiments, Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.
[0392] In some embodiments, Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.
[0393] In some embodiments, Q is Cy.
[0394] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0395] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0396] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0397] In some embodiments, Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0398] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0399] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0400] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0401] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0402] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0403] In some embodiments, LA is -CH2-.
[0404] In some embodiments, X1 is CR or N.
[0405] In some embodiments, X2 is S or N.
[0406] In some embodiments, X3 is S or N.
[0407] In some embodiments, is selected from:
[0408] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0409] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0410] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0411] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0412] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, methyl and -OH.
[0413] In some embodiments, R is H.
[0414] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0415] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0416] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0417] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0418] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.
[0419] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are H.
[0420] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are F.
[0421] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0422] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0423] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0424] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0425] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.
[0426] In some embodiments, R’ is Cl or F.
[0427] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0428] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0429] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.
[0430] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0431] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0432] In some embodiments, Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.
[0433] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0434] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0435] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently H or methyl.
[0436] In some embodiments, a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.
[0437] In some embodiments, a is 0 and b is 0.
[0438] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0439] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0440] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0441] In some embodiments, the Formula I is represented by Formula (14A) , (14B) or (14C) : wherein: ◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy; Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12- membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ ; LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, - C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-; R’is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0442] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0443] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0444] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0445] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0446] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.
[0447] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are H.
[0448] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are F.
[0449] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0450] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0451] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0452] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0453] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, methyl and -OH.
[0454] In some embodiments, R is H.
[0455] In some embodiments, Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.
[0456] In some embodiments, Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.
[0457] In some embodiments, Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.
[0458] In some embodiments, Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.
[0459] In some embodiments, Q is Cy.
[0460] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0461] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0462] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0463] In some embodiments, Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0464] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0465] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0466] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0467] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0468] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0469] In some embodiments, LA is -CH2-.
[0470] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0471] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0472] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0473] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0474] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.
[0475] In some embodiments, R’ is Cl or F.
[0476] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0477] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0478] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.
[0479] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0480] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0481] In some embodiments, Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.
[0482] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0483] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0484] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently H or methyl.
[0485] In some embodiments, a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.
[0486] In some embodiments, a is 0 and b is 0.
[0487] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0488] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0489] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0490] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (15A) , (15B) , (15C) or (15D) : wherein, denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II; U is independently selected from a bond, -CH2-, -NH-and -O-; each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-; each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N; R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; and R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl.
[0491] In some embodiments, U is a bond.
[0492] In some embodiments, U is -CH2-.
[0493] In some embodiments, V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.
[0494] In some embodiments, V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.
[0495] In some embodiments, both of V and W are -C (=O) -.
[0496] In some embodiments, each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.
[0497] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0498] In some embodiments, R5 is H.
[0499] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0500] In some embodiments, R6 is H or F.
[0501] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety selected from:
[0502] In some embodiments, the DT is a moiety selected from:
[0503] In some embodiments, the compound is represented by Formula (16A) or (16B) wherein: each of is independently a single bond or a double bond; Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy; Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12- membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ ; LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, - C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-; X1, X2 and X3 are each independently selected from CR, S or N; with the proviso that at least one of X1, X2 and X3 is N and one of X1, X2 and X3 is S; A is selected from C1-20alkylene, -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -and -N (Re) -C1-20alkylene-, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-20alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -; B is a bond or is selected from arylene, C3-12 carbocyclylene, 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc; U is independently selected from a bond, -CH2-, -NH-and -O-; each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-; each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R’is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; Re is selected from H and optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5; e is 0 or 1; f is selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; and the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0504] In some embodiments, Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.
[0505] In some embodiments, Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.
[0506] In some embodiments, Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.
[0507] In some embodiments, Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.
[0508] In some embodiments, Q is Cy.
[0509] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0510] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0511] In some embodiments, Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0512] In some embodiments, Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ .
[0513] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0514] In some embodiments, Q is selected from:
[0515] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0516] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0517] In some embodiments, LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.
[0518] In some embodiments, LA is -CH2-.
[0519] In some embodiments, X1 is CR or N.
[0520] In some embodiments, X2 is S or N.
[0521] In some embodiments, X3 is S or N.
[0522] In some embodiments, is selected from:
[0523] In some embodiments, A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N(C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -.
[0524] In some embodiments, A is selected from -CH2-, -O-, -NH-, -NH- (CH2) 3-, -NH-(CH2) 5-and -NH-C (=O) - (CH2) 3-O- (CH2) 3-.
[0525] In some embodiments, A is selected from -CH2-, -O-and -NH-.
[0526] In some embodiments, A is -NH-.
[0527] In some embodiments, B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0528] In some embodiments, B is a bond or is selected from phenylene, pyrrolylene, furylene, thienylene, pyrazolylene, imidazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, pyridinylene, pyranylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene and triazinylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0529] In some embodiments, B is a bond or phenylene which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br.
[0530] In some embodiments, B is a bond or phenylene.
[0531] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0532] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0533] In some embodiments, U is a bond.
[0534] In some embodiments, U is -CH2-.
[0535] In some embodiments, V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.
[0536] In some embodiments, V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.
[0537] In some embodiments, both of V and W are -C (=O) -.
[0538] In some embodiments, each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.
[0539] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0540] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0541] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0542] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0543] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0544] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
[0545] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.
[0546] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are H.
[0547] In some embodiments, both of R1 and R2 are F.
[0548] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0549] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.
[0550] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0551] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.
[0552] In some embodiments, R is selected from H, methyl and -OH.
[0553] In some embodiments, R is H.
[0554] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0555] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0556] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0557] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .
[0558] In some embodiments, R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.
[0559] In some embodiments, R’ is Cl or F.
[0560] In some embodiments, in is a single bond.
[0561] In some embodiments, in is a double bond.
[0562] In some embodiments, R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0563] In some embodiments, R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.
[0564] In some embodiments, R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.
[0565] In some embodiments, R” is selected from F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH and -NH2.
[0566] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0567] In some embodiments, R5 is H.
[0568] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.
[0569] In some embodiments, R6 is H or F.
[0570] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0571] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0572] In some embodiments, each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.
[0573] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0574] In some embodiments, each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0575] In some embodiments, Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.
[0576] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.
[0577] In some embodiments, each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
[0578] In some embodiments, Re is H.
[0579] In some embodiments, a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.
[0580] In some embodiments, a is 0 and b is 0.
[0581] In some embodiments, e is 0.
[0582] In some embodiments, e is 1.
[0583] In some embodiments, f is 0.
[0584] In some embodiments, is a moiety selected from:
[0585] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0586] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0587] In some embodiments, the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
[0588] In some embodiments, the compound is represented by Formula (17A) or (17B) wherein: each of is independently a single bond or a double bond; Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy; Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’ ; LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -; is selected from: A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N (C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -; B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N(CH3) 2; U is independently selected from a bond, -CH2-, -NH-and -O-; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc; R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc; R’is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc; R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br; R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br; each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl; each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; e is 0 or 1; and wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.
[0589] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of
[0590] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the those listed in Table 1: Table 1
[0591] In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula (1) is compound 1, compound 2, compound 3, compound 20, compound 21, compound 22, compound 23, compound 25, compound 26, compound 27, compound 28, compound 29, compound 30, compound 33, compound 34, compound 35, compound 37, compound 1-P1, compound 1-P2, or any combination thereof.
[0592] In some embodiments, the pre-diabetic condition is impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or the combination thereof.
[0593] In some embodiments, the diabetes is type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hybrid forms of diabetes, hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy, other specific types of diabetes, unclassified diabetes or any combination thereof.
[0594] In some embodiments, the type 1 diabetes is immune-mediated type 1 diabetes or idiopathic type 1 diabetes.
[0595] In some embodiments, the hybrid forms of diabetes are slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes of adults, ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes or the combination thereof.
[0596] In some embodiments, the hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy is diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus or the combination thereof.
[0597] In some embodiments, the other specific types of diabetes are monogenic diabetes associated with monogenic defects of β-cell function and / or monogenic defects in insulin action, diabetes associated with diseases of the exocrine pancreas, diabetes associated with endocrine disorders, drug-or chemical-induced diabetes, infection-related diabetes, uncommon specific forms of immune-mediated diabetes, other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes or any combination thereof.
[0598] In some embodiments, the complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes is an acute complication.
[0599] In some embodiments, the acute complication is severe diabetic hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma or any combination thereof.
[0600] In some embodiments, the complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes is a chronic complication.
[0601] In some embodiments, the chronic complication is microangiopathy.
[0602] In some embodiments, the microangiopathy is diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, erectile dysfunction, periodontal disease or any combination thereof.
[0603] In some embodiments, the chronic complication is macrovascular disease.
[0604] In some embodiments, the macrovascular disease is coronary artery disease, diabetic myonecrosis, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, carotid artery stenosis, diabetic foot, female infertility or any combination thereof.
[0605] In some embodiments, the chronic complication is a respiratory infection, increased risk of wound infections, restrictive lung disease, lipohypertrophy, depression, cognitive deficit, gastroparesis, endocrinopathies or any combination thereof.
[0606] In some embodiments, the pre-diabetic condition, the diabetes, or the complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes is preventable or treatable by GRK2 degraders.
[0607] In some embodiments, the subject has elevated expression or level of GRK2 in vivo.
[0608] In some embodiments, the subject has insufficient insulin secretion and / or insulin resistance.
[0609] In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal.
[0610] In some embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0611] In some embodiments, the human is a newborn, an infant, a toddler, a child, a teenager or an adult.
[0612] In some embodiments, the subject has a fasting blood glucose level of at least 100 mg / dL, at least 105 mg / dL, at least 110 mg / dL, at least 115 mg / dL, at least 120 mg / dL, at least 125 mg / dL, at least 130 mg / dL, at least 140 mg / dL, at least 150 mg / dL, at least 160 mg / dL, at least 170 mg / dL, at least 180 mg / dL, at least 190 mg / dL, at least 200 mg / dL, at least 210 mg / dL, at least 220 mg / dL, at least 230 mg / dL, at least 240 mg / dL, at least 250 mg / dL, at least 260 mg / dL, at least 270 mg / dL, at least 280 mg / dL, at least 290 mg / dL or at least 300 mg / dL on more than one occasions before administration.
[0613] In some embodiments, the subject has a fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg / dL to 125 mg / dL or greater than 125 mg / dL on more than one occasions before administration.
[0614] In some embodiments, the subject has a blood glucose level of at least 180 mg / dL, at least 190 mg / dL, at least 200 mg / dL, at least 210 mg / dL, at least 220 mg / dL, at least 230 mg / dL, at least 240 mg / dL, at least 250 mg / dL, at least 260 mg / dL, at least 270 mg / dL, at least 280 mg / dL, at least 290 mg / dL or at least 300 mg / dL two hours after eating on more than one occasions before administration.
[0615] In some embodiments, the subject has a fasting blood glucose level of at most 100 mg / dL, at most 105 mg / dL, at most 110 mg / dL, at most 115 mg / dL, at most 120 mg / dL or at most 125 mg / dL for at least a period of time after administration.
[0616] In some embodiments, the subject has a blood glucose level of at most 140 mg / dL, at most 150 mg / dL, at most 160 mg / dL, at most 170 mg / dL, at most 180 mg / dL, at most 190 mg / dL or at most 200 mg / dL two hours after eating for at least a period of time after administration.
[0617] In some embodiments, the period of time is at least 0.5 h, at least 1h, at least 2h, at least 4h, at least 6h, at least 8h, at least 12h, at least 16h, at least 20h or at least 24h.
[0618] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering to the subject in need thereof an additional antidiabetic agent.
[0619] In some embodiments, the additional antidiabetic agent is administrated before, during or after the administration of the compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
[0620] In some embodiments, the additional antidiabetic agent is provided in the same pharmaceutical composition or in a separate pharmaceutical composition with respect to the compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.
[0621] In some embodiments, the additional antidiabetic agent is an insulin optionally selected from the group consisting of a rapid-acting insulin, a short-acting insulin, an intermediate-acting insulin and a long-acting insulin; an insulin sensitizer optionally selected from the group consisting of a biguanide, a thiazolidinedione, a LYN kinase activator; an insulin secretagogue optionally selected from the group consisting of a sulfonylurea and a nonsulfonylurea; an α-glucosidase inhibitor; a peptide analog optionally selected from the group consisting of an injectable incretin mimetics and an injectable amylin analogues; a glycosuric; a glifozin; or any combination thereof.
[0622] For use to treat or prevent the diseases or conditions as described in the present disclosure, the active ingredients are administered in a therapeutically effective amount. The attending physician will determine the dosage regimen that is most appropriate according to the age, weight, stage of the disease and other factors specific to the subject to be treated. The therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient will vary with the nature and severity of the disease or condition, and the route by which the active ingredient is administered. The frequency and dose (or dosage) will also vary according to factors specific for each subject. The active ingredients may be administered at once or may be divided into a number of smaller doses to be administered at intervals of time. Exemplary doses (or dosages) of the compound as described in the present disclosure, the additional antidiabetic agent, or the combination thereof include, but not limited to from about 1 mg / kg to about 100 mg / kg, from about 2 mg / kg to about 75 mg / kg, from about 5 mg / kg to about 50 mg / kg, or from about 10 mg / kg to about 25 mg / kg. It is to be understood that the precise dosage and duration of treatment is a function of the diseases or conditions being treated and may be determined empirically using known testing protocols or by extrapolation from in vivo or in vitro test data or subsequent clinical testing. It is to be understood that for any particular subject, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration behavior. In some cases, it may be necessary to use doses (or dosages) of the active ingredients outside the ranges disclosed in the present disclosure as will be apparent to the person skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is noted that the clinician or treating physician will know how and when to interrupt, adjust, or terminate therapy in conjunction with subject response.
[0623] III. Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0624] The pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein comprises a compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. For conciseness, “acompound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof” is also termed as “the compound as described in the present disclosure” hereinafter.
[0625] In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula (1) is selected from anyone of the compounds as described in anyone of the embodiments disclosed under the Section II. In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula (1) is selected from anyone of compounds 1-70 as described herein. In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula (1) is compound 1, compound 2, compound 3, compound 20, compound 21, compound 22, compound 23, compound 25, compound 26, compound 27, compound 28, compound 29, compound 30, compound 33, compound 34, compound 35, compound 37, compound 1-P1, compound 1-P2, or any combination thereof.
[0626] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an additional antidiabetic agent. Exemplary additional antidiabetic agent includes, without limitation, an insulin optionally selected from the group consisting of a rapid-acting insulin, a short-acting insulin, an intermediate-acting insulin and a long-acting insulin; an insulin sensitizer optionally selected from the group consisting of a biguanide, a thiazolidinedione, a LYN kinase activator; an insulin secretagogue optionally selected from the group consisting of a sulfonylurea and a nonsulfonylurea; an α-glucosidase inhibitor; a peptide analog optionally selected from the group consisting of an injectable incretin mimetics and an injectable amylin analogues; a glycosuric; a glifozin; or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additional antidiabetic agent is necessary for the specific indication being prevented or treated by the compound as described in the present disclosure. The additional antidiabetic agent may have complementary activities that do not affect the activities of the compound as described in the present disclosure in an adverse manner. Such additional antidiabetic agent may be present in combination with the compound as described in the present disclosure in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
[0627] The pharmaceutical composition as described in the present disclosure may be provided in any suitable form, depending on the route of administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for oral, buccal, topical, transdermal, rectal, intranasal, intrapulmonary, transmucosal, inhalation, or parenteral such as intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraosseous or intraperitoneal administration.
[0628] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a dosage form for oral administration. Dosage forms suitable for oral administration can be presented as discrete dosage forms, such as capsules, troches, lozenges, tablets, solutions, suspensions, emulsions or aerosol sprays, each comprising a predetermined amount of active ingredients (i.e., the compound as described in the present disclosure and the optional additional antidiabetic agent) . In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a tablet. The tablet may comprise a coating that protects it from the acidic environment of the stomach. For example, the coating may be an enteric coating that maintains its integrity in the stomach and releases the active ingredients in the intestine. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a capsule. The capsule can contain a liquid excipient such as a fatty oil. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as various liquid oral dosage forms, such as aqueous solutions, emulsions, suspensions. In some embodiments, the liquid oral dosage forms are solutions and / or suspensions reconstituted from non-effervescent granules or effervescent granules. Aqueous solutions include, for example, elixirs and syrups. Elixirs are clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic preparations. Syrups are concentrated aqueous solutions of a sugar, for example, sucrose, and may contain one or more preservatives. Emulsions are two-phase systems in which one liquid is dispersed in the form of small globules throughout another liquid. Emulsions may be oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions. Excipients used in emulsions are non-aqueous liquids, emulsifying agents and preservatives. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures in which the solute particles do not dissolve, but get suspended throughout the bulk of the solvent, left floating around freely in the medium. Suspensions use suspending agents and preservatives. Acceptable substances used in non-effervescent granules, to be reconstituted into a liquid oral dosage form, include diluents, sweeteners and wetting agents. Acceptable substances used in effervescent granules, to be reconstituted into a liquid oral dosage form, include organic acids and a source of carbon dioxide. Coloring and flavoring agents are used in all of the above dosage forms. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as an oral inhalation dosage form. Oral inhalation dosage forms include metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers and liquid preparations for administration from a nebulizer or metered dose liquid dispensing system. For both metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers, a crystalline form of the active agents is the preferred physical form to confer longer product stability.
[0629] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated and administered in unit-dosage forms or multiple-dosage forms. Unit-dose forms as used in the present disclosure refer to physically discrete units suitable for a subject in need thereof and packaged individually as is known in the art. Each unit-dose contains a predetermined quantity of the active ingredients sufficient to produce the desired preventive or therapeutic effect, in association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Examples of unit-dose forms include, but not limited to ampoules and syringes and individually packaged tablets or capsules. Unit-dose forms may be administered in fractions or multiples thereof. A multiple-dosage form is a plurality of identical unit-dosage forms packaged in a single packaging to be administered in segregated unit-dose form. Examples of multiple-dosage forms include vials, bottles of tablets or capsules, or bottles of pints or gallons. Hence, a multiple dosage form is a multiple of unit-doses which are not segregated in packaging.
[0630] The pharmaceutical compositions as described in the present disclosure may be prepared using procedures well known in the art (see, e.g., Ansel, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Seventh Edition (1999) ) . The procedures typically include the step of bringing the active ingredients into association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In general, the pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredients with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired form. For example, a tablet can be prepared by compression or molding the active ingredients, optionally with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable accessory excipients. In instances in which the active ingredients exhibit insufficient solubility, methods for solubilization may be used such as use of liposomes, prodrugs, complexation / chelation, nanoparticles, or emulsions or tertiary templating.
[0631] Any pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are conventionally used in the pharmaceutical industry may be employed for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions as described in the present disclosure. The Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients useful for the preparation of the pharmaceutical compositions as described in the present disclosure may include, but not limited to: solvents, such as water, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, DMSO, polyethylene glycol, fatty oils such as sesame oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, or peanut oil, liquid paraffin, ethyl oleate, or isopropyl myristate; surfactants, such as sulfates, sulfonates, quaternary ammoniun compounds, lecithin, Spans, Tweens, Myri, polyoxyl 40 stearate, peregol O, or poloxamers; emulsifying agents, such as gelatin, acacia, tragacanth, bentonite or surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, tragacanth, Veegum or acacia; fillers, such as lactose, sucrose, trehalose, lysine, leucine, kaolin, dicalcium phosphate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, or pregelatinized starch; adhesives such as celluloses, PVP, or dextrin; disintegrants, such as croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, alginic acid, corn starch, potato starch, bentonite, methylcellulose, agar, or hydroxypropyl starch; lubricants, such as talc, polyethylene glycol, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, lycopodium or stearic acid; glidants, such as colloidal silicon dioxide; colorants, such as any of the approved certified water soluble FD and C dyes or water insoluble FD and C dyes (e.g., those suspended on alumina hydrate) ; wetting agents, such as propylene glycol monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene glycol monolaurate or polyoxyethylene lauryl ether; enteric-coating agents, such as fatty acids, fats, waxes, shellac, ammoniated shellac or cellulose acetate phthalates; film coating agents, such as hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol 4000 or cellulose acetate phthalate; modified release agents, such as polymers such as the series and cellulose esters; sweeteners, such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, artificial sweetening agents such as sucralose, aspartame or saccharin, agave syrup, maple syrup, or corn syrup; flavoring agents, such as natural flavors extracted from plants such as fruits, peppermint, or methyl salicylate; buffers, such as citrate, phosphate, and other organic acids and / or salts thereof; antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, methionine, citric acid, D, L-α-tocopherol, BHA, BHT, monothioglycerol, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, or propyl gallate; preservatives, such as benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, parabens such as methyl paraben or propyl paraben, sorbic acid or benzalkonium bromide; pH modifying agents, such as citric acid, sodium citrate, hydrochloric acid, NaOH or other mild acids or bases; and chelating agents or other materials capable of binding metal ions, such as ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) or its salts.
[0632] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as an injection. Examples of injections include, but not limited to a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion in aqueous or oily vehicles. Aqueous solutions in saline are conventionally used for injections. Ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, cyclodextrin derivatives, and vegetable oils may also be used. Oily vehicles that may be used in injections include, but are not limited to lipophilic solvents such as fatty oils or synthetic fatty acid esters. Aqueous injection suspensions may also contain substances such as humectants, suspending agents, and / or flocculating agents or deflocculating agents. The prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. The pharmaceutical composition may also be formulated for bolus injection or continuous infusion. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition may be freeze-dried or in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, immediately before use.
[0633] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a topical dosage form, such as for topical application to the skin and mucous membranes, such as in the eyes. A useful topical dosage form for the active ingredients may be a solution, suspension, or emulsion. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated as creams, gels, ointments, elixirs, lotions, tinctures, pastes, foams, aerosols, irrigations, sprays, suppositories, bandages, dermal patches or any other dosage forms suitable for topical administration. The active ingredients may also be formulated as aerosols for topical application, such as by inhalation. These dosage forms for administration to the respiratory tract can be in the form of an aerosol or solution for a nebulizer, or as a microfine powder for insufflation, alone or in combination with an inert carrier such as lactose. In such a case, the particles of the dosage form will, in some embodiments, have mass median geometric diameters of less than 5 microns, in other embodiments less than 10 microns.
[0634] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as microcapsules. The microcapsules may be prepared by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization (e.g., hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin microcapsules and poly- (methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively) , in colloidal drug-delivery systems (e.g., microemulsions, liposomes, microspheres (e.g., albumin microspheres) , nano-particles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions, for example.
[0635] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a sustained release dosage form. Examples of sustained release dosage forms include, but not limited to shaped articles (e.g., films or microcapsules) formed by semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers which may contain the compound as described in the present disclosure and optionally an additional antidiabetic agent. Examples of sustained-release matrices include, but not limited to hydrogels, polylactides, polyesters, non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers, copolymers of L-glutamic acid and γ-ethyl-L-glutamate, and poly-D- (–) -3-hydroxybutyric acid.
[0636] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a controlled release dosage form. Such dosage forms can be used to provide controlled release of one or more active ingredients using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, other polymer matrices, gels, permeable membranes, osmotic systems, multilayer coatings, microparticles, liposomes, microspheres, or a combination thereof to provide the desired release profile in varying proportions. All controlled-release dosage forms have a common goal of improving drug therapy over that achieved by their non-controlled counterparts. Most controlled-release dosage forms are designed to initially release an amount of an active ingredient that promptly produces the desired preventive or therapeutic effect, and gradually and continually release of other amounts of the active ingredient to maintain this level of preventive or therapeutic effect over an extended period of time. In order to maintain this constant level of the active ingredient in the body, the active ingredient must be released from the dosage form at a rate that will replace the amount of the active ingredient being metabolized and excreted from the body. Controlled-release of an active ingredient can be stimulated by various conditions including, but not limited to, pH, temperature, enzymes, water, or other physiological conditions or compounds. Advantages of controlled-release dosage forms include extended activity of the active ingredient, reduced dosage frequency, and increased patient compliance. In addition, controlled-release dosage forms can be used to affect the time of onset of action or other characteristics, such as blood levels of the active ingredient, and can thus affect the occurrence of unwanted side effects. Suitable controlled-release dosage forms can be readily selected for use with the active ingredients provided in the present disclosure.
[0637] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a dosage form for rectal administration, such as rectal suppositories, capsules and tablets. Rectal suppositories used in the present disclosure refer to solid bodies for insertion into the rectum which melt or soften at body temperature releasing one or more active ingredients. Examples of bases utilized in rectal suppositories include, but not limited to cocoa butter, glycerin-gelatin, carbowax and appropriate mixtures of mono-, di-and triglycerides of fatty acids. Combinations of the various bases may be used. Agents to raise the melting point of suppositories include spermaceti and wax. Rectal suppositories may be prepared either by the compressed method or by molding. Tablets and capsules for rectal administration are manufactured using the same substance and by the same methods as for dosage forms for oral administration.
[0638] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is subject to sterilization. Sterilization refers to any process which removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms) and other biological agents such as prions present in or on a specific surface, object, or fluid. Sterilization may be achieved by various means, including heating, chemical action, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. For example, sterilization can be accomplished by sterile filtration.
[0639] The levels of active ingredients in the pharmaceutical composition as described in the present disclosure are effective for delivery of an amount, upon administration that treats, leads to prevention, or amelioration of one or more of the symptoms of diseases or conditions described in the present disclosure. Specifically, the amounts of the compound as described in the present disclosure and the optional additional antidiabetic agent will be dependent on the subject being treated, the severity of the diseases or conditions, the rate of administration, the absorption, inactivation and excretion rates of the active ingredients being administered, the discretion of the prescribing physician as well as other factors known to the person skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises from 0.05%to 80%, from 0.1%to 50%, from 0.2%to 40%, from 0.5%to 25%, from 1%to 20%, from 5%to 15%, or from 7%to 12%(wt / wt) of the compound as described in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions comprise from 0%to 50%, 0.05%to 25%, from 0.1%to 20%, from 0.2%to 15%, from 0.5%to 10%, or from 1%to 5% (wt / wt) of the additional antidiabetic agent. The balance of the pharmaceutical composition is made up from one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. IV. General Synthetic Scheme
[0640] The compound as described in the present disclosure can be synthesized according to organic synthesis techniques known to the person skilled in this art, in view of suitable reference books that describe the synthesis of reactants useful in the synthesis of compound as described in the present disclosure or provide references to articles that describe the synthesis (e.g., “Synthetic Organic Chemistry” , John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York) , starting from commercially available chemicals and / or from compounds described in the chemical literature. “Commercially available chemicals” may be obtained from standard commercial sources, including but not limited to Fisher Scientific Co. (Pittsburgh, PA) . Moreover, chemicals that are known but not commercially available in catalogs are optionally prepared by custom chemical synthesis houses, where many of the standard chemical supply houses provide custom synthesis services.
[0641] The following general synthetic scheme for the compound as described in the present disclosure is provided for purpose of illustration only. It is understood that the person skilled in the art may be able to prepare these compounds by similar methods or by combining other methods known to the person skilled in the art. It is also to be understood that the person skilled in the art would be able to make, in a similar manner as described below by using the appropriate starting materials and modifying the synthetic route as needed.
[0642] Scheme 1
[0643] Scheme 1 illustrates a general synthetic method for synthesizing the compounds according to the present application comprising a thiazole ring in its backbone: wherein R, R1, R2, R’ , m, B and DT are as defined above.
[0644] Various target compounds according to the present application could be synthesized by reacting the corresponding precursor compound P with compound Q according to the Scheme 1. Briefly, in an embodiment, a compound P (0.9 mmol) is dissolved in 5 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (3.6 mmol) , a compound Q (0.9 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 500 mg, 1.32 mmol) are added sequentially at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, the reaction of the starting material compound Q is complete (e.g., by LCMS detection) . The reaction is quenched by adding 20 ml of distilled water and ethyl acetate is added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction is repeated for three times until the extraction is complete. The organic phases are combined and washed with saturated brine, dried and concentrated, and the concentrate is purified by column chromatography (solvent: dichloromethane : methanol = 100: 1 to 20: 1) or by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (eluent: acetonitrile-water, gradient 35 to 60%) to obtain a white or off-white solid product, i.e. compound AF.
[0645] Scheme 2
[0646] Scheme 2 illustrates another general synthetic method for synthesizing the compounds according to the present application:
[0647] wherein Q, LA, X1, X2, X3, B and DT are as defined above. Various target compounds according to the present application could be synthesized by reacting the corresponding precursor compound P1 with compound Q according to the Scheme 2. Briefly, in an embodiment, to a mixture of a compound Q (0.066 mmol) and a compound P1 (0.066 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) , DIEA (0.099 mmol) and HATU (0.073 mmol) are added. The solution is stirred at RT for 4 hours. Water (20 mL) is added to the residue and the mixture is extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the target compound. It is understood by the person skilled in the art that the reagents and procedures as mentioned above are for illustrative purpose only and shall not be constructed as limiting. For example, in another embodiment, the DIEA may be interchangeable with similar bases, e.g., TEA. EXAMPLES
[0648] The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the following Examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the invention. Unless otherwise specified, if the specific conditions are not indicated in the Examples, it is carried out in accordance with the conventional conditions, or the conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used without the manufacturer's indication are conventional products that commercially available. The person skilled in the art would understand that the Examples described herein are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed.
[0649] As used herein, in case of discrepancy between the structure and chemical name provided for a particular compound, the structure shall control.
[0650] Synthetic Examples
[0651] Example 1: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 1)
[0652] Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl (5- (hydroxy (phenyl) methyl) thiazol-2-yl) carbamate
[0653] N-Boc-2-aminothiazole (2 g, 10 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and the reaction was cooled to -70 ℃, and n-butyllithium solution (10 mL, 2.5 N THF solution) was slowly added dropwise under argon protection. The reaction was allowed to continue at this temperature for 30 minutes. Benzaldehyde (1.27 g, 12 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and added dropwise to the above reaction and the reaction was allowed to continue at -70℃ for 30 minutes, and then the reaction was slowly heated to room temperature. After the reaction was complete, the reaction was quenched by adding saturated ammonium chloride solution thereto, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was collected and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent, and the concentrate was separated and purified by column chromatography to obtain the target product compound tert-butyl (5-(hydroxy (phenyl) methyl) thiazol-2-yl) carbamate (2.9 g, yield 95%) as off-white solid.
[0654] Step 2: Synthesis of 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole
[0655] Compound tert-butyl (5- (hydroxy (phenyl) methyl) thiazol-2-yl) carbamate (1.84 g, 6 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (36 mL) solvent, and triethylsilane (2.09 g, 18 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (6.83 g, 60 mmol) were sequentially added dropwise while stirring in an ice bath. After completion of dropwise addition, the stirring of the reaction was continued at room temperature for about 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed by concentration, water was added and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The liquids were extracted and separated with dichloromethane. The organic phase was collected and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent, and the concentrate was separated and purified by column chromatography to obtain the target product compound 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (0.97 g, yield 85%) as an off-white solid.
[0656] Step 3: Synthesis of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide
[0657] 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (173 mg, 0.9 mmol) was dissolved in 4 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (183 mg, 1.8 mmol) , 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (275 mg, 0.9 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 500 mg, 1.3 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 10 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 1) (176 mg, yield 40%) as an off-white solid.
[0658] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.15 (s, 1H) , 10.98 (s, 1 H) , 7.74-7.64 (m, 1H) , 7.54 (s, 2H) , 7.29 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.26-7.15 (m, 4H) , 5.10 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.43 (d, J =17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.30 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.06 (s, 2H) , 3.85 (s, 2H) , 2.96-2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.62-2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.43-2.34 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.95 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H22N4O4S, MS Calcd. : 474.5; MS Found: 475.3 [M+1] +.
[0659] Example 2: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 2)
[0660] Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl (5- ( (4-chlorophenyl) (hydroxy) methyl) thiazol-2-yl) carbamate
[0661] N-Boc-2-aminothiazole (2 g, 10 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and the reaction was cooled to -70 ℃, and n-butyllithium solution (10 mL, 2.5 N THF solution) was slowly added dropwise under argon protection. The reaction was allowed to continue at this temperature for 30 minutes. P-chlorobenzaldehyde (1.7 g, 12 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and added dropwise to the above reaction and the reaction was allowed to continue at -70℃ for 30 minutes, and then the reaction was slowly heated to room temperature. After the reaction was complete, the reaction was quenched by adding saturated ammonium chloride solution thereto, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was collected and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent, and the concentrate was separated and purified by column chromatography to obtain the target product compound tert-butyl (5- ( (4-chlorophenyl) (hydroxy) methyl) thiazol-2-yl) carbamate (3.1 g, yield 91%) as off-white solid.
[0662] Step 2: Synthesis of 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine
[0663] Compound tert-butyl (5- ( (4-chlorophenyl) (hydroxy) methyl) thiazol-2-yl) carbamate (2.04 g, 6 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (36 mL) solvent, and triethylsilane (2.09 g, 18 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (6.83 g, 60 mmol) were sequentially added dropwise while stirring in an ice bath. The stirring of the reaction was continued at room temperature for about 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction was concentrated to remove the solvent. Water was added and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The liquids were extracted and separated with dichloromethane. The organic phase was collected and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent, and the concentrate was separated and purified by column chromatography to obtain the target product compound 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (1.08 g, yield 80%) as an off-white solid.
[0664] Step 3: Synthesis of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide
[0665] 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (22 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (15 mg, 0.15 mmol) , 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (32 mg, 0.1 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 45 mg, 0.12 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 10 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 2) (18 mg, yield 35%) as an off-white solid.
[0666] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.32 (s, 1H) , 11.12 (s, 1H) , 7.88 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 7.78 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.35 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 7.32-7.20 (m, 3H) , 5.14 (dd, J = 12.9, 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.07 (s, 2H) , 3.99 (s, 2H) , 2.94-2.87 (m, 1H) , 2.63-2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.58-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.09-2.01 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H19ClN4O5S, MS Calcd. : 523.0; MS Found: 523.3 [M+1] +.
[0667] Example 3: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -7-fluoro-3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 3)
[0668] 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (19 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in 2 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (15 mg, 0.15 mmol) , 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -7-fluoro-3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (32 mg, 0.1 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 45 mg, 0.12 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After stirring the reaction at room temperature for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 10 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -7-fluoro-3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 3) (16 mg, yield 32%) as a white solid.
[0669] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.25 (s, 1H) , 11.00 (s, 1H) , 7.56 (s, 1H) , 7.43 (d, J =9.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.30 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H) , 7.24 (q, J = 9.7, 9.0 Hz, 4H) , 5.15-5.06 (m, 1H) , 4.54 (d, J = 17.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.37 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.07 (s, 2H) , 3.89 (s, 2H) , 2.97-2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.63-2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.46-2.39 (m, 1H) , 2.03 -1.95 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H21FN4O4S, MS Calcd. : 492.5; MS Found: 493.4 [M+1] +.
[0670] Example 4: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 4)
[0671] 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (19 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in 2 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (15 mg, 0.15 mmol) , 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (32 mg, 0.1 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 45 mg, 0.12 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 10 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 4) (14 mg, yield 29%) as a white solid.
[0672] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.30 (s, 1H) , 11.12 (s, 1H) , 7.88 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 7.78 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.38-7.34 (m, 3H) , 7.32-7.20 (m, 3H) , 5.14 (dd, J = 12.9, 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.07 (s, 2H) , 3.97 (s, 2H) , 2.94-2.87 (m, 1H) , 2.62-2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.56-2.53 (m, 1H) , 2.09-2.01 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H20N4O5S, MS Calcd. : 488.5; MS Found: 489.3 [M+1] +.
[0673] Example 5: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 5)
[0674] 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (11 mg, 0.05 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (10 mg, 0.10 mmol) , 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (15 mg, 0.05 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 23 mg, 0.06 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 8 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 5) (8 mg, yield 32%) as a white solid.
[0675] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.29 (s, 1H) , 10.98 (s, 1H) , 7.68 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.52 (s, 1H) , 7.43 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.40-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.31-7.19 (m, 3H) , 5.10 (dd, J = 13.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.44 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.31 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.07 (s, 2H) , 3.87 (s, 2H) , 2.97-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.62-2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.44-2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.94 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H21ClN4O4S, MS Calcd. : 509.0; MS Found: 509.3 [M+1] +.
[0676] Example 6: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 6)
[0677] 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (11 mg, 0.05 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (10 mg, 0.10 mmol) , 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (15 mg, 0.05 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 23 mg, 0.06 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 8 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 6) (7.6 mg, yield 30%) as a white solid.
[0678] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.27 (s, 1H) , 10.98 (s, 1H) , 7.69 (s, 1H) , 7.55 (s, 2H) , 7.35 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H) , 7.26 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 3H) , 5.10 (dd, J = 13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.43 (d, J =17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.30 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.07 (s, 2H) , 3.85 (s, 2H) , 2.97-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.62-2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.44-2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H21ClN4O4S, MS Calcd. : 509.0; MS Found: 509.4 [M+1] +.
[0679] Example 7: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 7)
[0680] Step 1: Synthesis of methyl 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) -2-methylbenzoate
[0681] Tert-butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (300 mg, 1.5 mmol) , potassium carbonate (427 mg, 3.1 mmol) and methyl 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzoate (260 mg, 1.5 mmol) were dissolved in 10 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) . The reaction system was heated to 100 ℃ and stirred at this temperature for about 3 hours. LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. After the temperature of the reaction system was lowered to room temperature, it was filtered, and the filtrate was diluted by adding 20 ml of water thereto and extracted and separated by adding ethyl acetate (2 x 10 ml) thereto. The organic phases were combined and backwashed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After column chromatography (ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1 / 20 to 1 / 10) , methyl 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) -2-methylbenzoate (317 mg, yield 60%) was obtained as a yellowish solid.
[0682] Step 2: Synthesis of methyl 2- (bromomethyl) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) benzoate
[0683] The intermediate methyl 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) -2-methylbenzoate (317 mg, 0.93 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (247 mg, 1.39 mmol) were dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform and heated to 65 ℃, then a catalytic amount of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (7 mg) was added to initiate the reaction and the reaction was allowed to continue with stirring at this temperature for about 4 hours. LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, and the insoluble matter was removed by suction filtration. The filtrate was diluted by adding 15 ml of water thereto and extracted and separated by adding dichloromethane (2 x 10 ml) thereto. The organic phases were combined and backwashed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After column chromatography (ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1 / 20 to 1 / 10) , a yellowish liquid methyl 2- (bromomethyl) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) benzoate (311 mg, yield 80%) was obtained.
[0684] Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate
[0685] The intermediate methyl 2- (bromomethyl) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) benzoate (311 mg, 0.74 mmol) and 3-aminopiperidin-2, 6-dione hydrochloride (146 mg, 0.89 mmol) were dissolved in 5 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (239 mg, 1.85 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixed system was heated to 90 ℃ and the reaction was allowed to stir at this temperature for about 4 hours. LCMS detection showed that the reaction was complete. The reaction was diluted by adding 20 mL of water thereto and extracted and separated by adding dichloromethane (3 x 10 mL) thereto. The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) , an off-white solid tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate (145 mg, yield 45%) was obtained.
[0686] Step 4: Synthesis of compound 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid
[0687] The intermediate tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate (145 mg, 10 mmol) was dissolved in 3 ml of dichloromethane, 1 ml of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was added at room temperature and the temperature was raised to 40 ℃ to initiate the reaction. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had disappeared. Excess trifluoroacetic acid solution, by-products and solvent were removed by concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (120 mg, yield 95%) .
[0688] Step 5: Synthesis of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide
[0689] 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (5 mg, 0.026 mmol) was dissolved in 2 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (7 mg, 0.066 mmol) , 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (10 mg, 0.026 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 12 mg, 0.03 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 3 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 7) (5 mg, yield 35%) as a white solid.
[0690] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.45 (s, 1H) , 10.99 (s, 1H) , 8.13 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.79 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.43-7.26 (m, 6H) , 7.27-7.21 (m, 2H) , 7.18 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H) , 5.11 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.45 (d, J = 17.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (d, J = 17.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.12 (s, 2H) , 2.92-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.68-2.62 (m, 1H) , 2.42-2.37 (m, 1H) , 2.04-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C30H24N4O5S, MS Calcd. : 552.6; MS Found: 553.4 [M+1] +.
[0691] Example 8: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 8)
[0692] 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (T1-4) (6 mg, 0.026 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (7 mg, 0.066 mmol) , 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (10 mg, 0.026 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 12 mg, 0.03 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 10 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 8) (4.6 mg, yield 30%) as a white solid.
[0693] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.47 (s, 1H) , 10.98 (s, 1H) , 8.13 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.80 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.46-7.29 (m, 5H) , 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H) , 7.21 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H) , 5.16 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.48 (d, J = 17.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.37 (d, J = 17.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.15 (s, 2H) , 2.94-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.68-2.61 (m, 1H) , 2.45-2.37 (m, 1H) , 2.06-1.99 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C30H23ClN4O5S, MS Calcd. : 587.0; MS Found: 587.4 [M+1] +.
[0694] Example 9: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 9)
[0695] Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate
[0696] Tert-butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (300 mg, 1.5 mmol) , potassium carbonate (427 mg, 3.1 mmol) and 2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -5-fluoroisoindoline-1, 3-dione (427 mg, 1.5 mmol) were dissolved in 10 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , the mixed system was heated to 130 ℃ and the reaction was allowed to stir at this temperature for about 3 hours. LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had disappeared. After the mixed system was cooled to room temperature, it was filtered, and the filtrate was diluted by adding 15 ml of water thereto and extracted and separated by adding ethyl acetate (2 x 10 ml) thereto. The organic phases were combined and backwashed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After column chromatography (ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1 / 20 to 1 / 1) , tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate (383 mg, yield 55%) was obtained as a yellowish solid.
[0697] Step 2: Synthesis of 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid
[0698] The intermediate tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate (383 mg, 0.85 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane, 2 ml of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was added at room temperature and the temperature was raised to 40 ℃ to initiate the reaction. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had disappeared. Excess trifluoroacetic acid solution and solvent were removed by concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (322 mg, yield 96%) .
[0699] Step 3: Synthesis of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide
[0700] 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (6 mg, 0.026 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (7 mg, 0.066 mmol) , 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (10 mg, 0.025 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 12 mg, 0.03 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 5 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the white solid product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 9) (5.2 mg, yield 34%) .
[0701] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.52 (s, 1H) , 11.13 (s, 1H) , 8.16 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.3 Hz, 2H) , 7.98 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.59-7.46 (m, 2H) , 7.46-7.36 (m, 2H) , 7.37-7.11 (m, 5H) , 5.16 (dd, J = 12.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.13 (s, 2H) , 2.96-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.67-2.62 (m, 1H) , 2.59-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.14-2.03 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C30H21ClN4O6S, MS Calcd. : 601.0; MS Found: 601.4 [M+1] +.
[0702] Example 10: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 10)
[0703] 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (5.3 mg, 0.028 mmol) was dissolved in 2 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (7 mg, 0.066 mmol) , 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (10 mg, 0.025 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 12 mg, 0.03 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 5 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 10) (4.3 mg, yield 30%) as a white solid.
[0704] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.51 (s, 1H) , 11.13 (s, 1H) , 8.16 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.98 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.52 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 7.40-7.18 (m, 8H) , 5.16 (dd, J = 12.8, 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.12 (s, 2H) , 2.95-2.87 (m, 1H) , 2.63-2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.56-2.53 (m, 1H) , 2.10-2.04 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C30H22N4O6S, MS Calcd. : 566.6; MS Found: 567.4 [M+1] +.
[0705] Example 11: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 11)
[0706] Step 1: Synthesis of methyl 5- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) -2-methylbenzoate
[0707] Tert-butyl 4-fluorobenzoate (300 mg, 1.5 mmol) , potassium carbonate (427 mg, 3.1 mmol) and methyl 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzoate (260 mg, 1.5 mmol) were dissolved in 10 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) . The mixed system was heated to 100 ℃ and the reaction was allowed to stir at this temperature for about 3 hours. LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had disappeared. After the mixed system was cooled to room temperature, it was filtered, and the filtrate was diluted by adding 20 ml of water thereto and extracted and separated by adding ethyl acetate (2 x 10 ml) thereto. The organic phases were combined and backwashed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After column chromatography (ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1 / 20 to 1 / 10) , a yellowish solid methyl 5- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) -2-methylbenzoate (277 mg, yield 53%) was obtained.
[0708] Step 2: Synthesis of methyl 2- (bromomethyl) -5- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) benzoate
[0709] The intermediate methyl 5- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) -2-methylbenzoate (277 mg, 0.81 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (217 mg, 1.22 mmol) were dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform and heated to 65 ℃, and then a catalytic amount of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (6 mg) was added and the reaction was allowed to continue with stirring at this temperature for about 4 hours. LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had disappeared. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted by adding 15 mL of water thereto and extracted and separated by adding dichloromethane (2 x 10 mL) thereto. The organic phases were combined and backwashed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After column chromatography (ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1 / 20 to 1 / 10) , a yellowish liquid methyl 2- (bromomethyl) -5- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) benzoate (255 mg, yield 75%) was obtained.
[0710] Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate
[0711] The intermediate methyl 2- (bromomethyl) -5- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy) benzoate (255 mg, 0.61 mmol) and 3-aminopiperidin-2, 6-dione hydrochloride (146 mg, 0.89 mmol) were dissolved in 5 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (239 mg, 1.85 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixed system was heated to 90 ℃ and the reaction was allowed to stir at this temperature for about 4 hours. LCMS detection showed that the reaction was complete. The reaction was diluted by adding 10 mL of water thereto and extracted and separated by adding dichloromethane (3 x 10 mL) thereto. The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) , an off-white solid tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate (111 mg, yield 42%) was obtained.
[0712] Step 4: Synthesis of 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid
[0713] The intermediate tert-butyl 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoate (111 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 3 ml of dichloromethane, 1 ml of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was added at room temperature and the temperature was raised to 40 ℃ to initiate the reaction. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had disappeared. Excess trifluoroacetic acid solution and solvent were removed by concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (106 mg, yield 95%) .
[0714] Step 5: Synthesis of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide
[0715] 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (5 mg, 0.026 mmol) was dissolved in 2 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (7 mg, 0.066 mmol) , 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (10 mg, 0.026 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 12 mg, 0.03 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting at room temperature for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 6 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 11) (4.5 mg, yield 31%) as a white solid.
[0716] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.11 (s, 1H) , 10.85 (s, 1H) , 8.03-7.98 (m, 2H) , 7.80 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H) , 7.51-7.44 (m, 2H) , 7.42-7.32 (m, 3H) , 7.23-7.04 (m, 4H) , 5.15 (dd, J =13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.39 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.28 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.03 (s, 2H) , 2.95-2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.61-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.40-2.33 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C30H24N4O5S, MS Calcd. : 552.6; MS Found: 553.4 [M+1] +.
[0717] Example 12: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 12)
[0718] 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (6 mg, 0.026 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , and triethylamine (Et3N) (7 mg, 0.066 mmol) , 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzoic acid (10 mg, 0.026 mmol) and 2- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 12 mg, 0.03 mmol) were sequentially added while stirring at room temperature. After reacting for about 1 hour, LCMS detection showed that the starting materials had reacted completely. The reaction was quenched by adding 6 ml of distilled water thereto and ethyl acetate was added to extract and separate the liquids. The extraction was repeated for three times until the extraction was complete. The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain a crude yellowish concentrate. Then the concentrate was subject to column chromatography (methanol / dichloromethane = 1 / 100 to 1 / 30) to obtain the product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) oxy) benzamide (compound 12) (4.3 mg, yield 28%) as a white solid.
[0719] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.31 (s, 1H) , 10.97 (s, 1H) , 8.07 (d, J =8.9 Hz, 2H) , 7.85 (s, 1H) , 7.52-7.45 (m, 3H) , 7.43-7.33 (m, 2H) , 7.28-7.08 (m, 4H) , 5.16 (dd, J = 13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.40 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.30 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.05 (s, 2H) , 2.97-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.62-2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.44-2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C30H23ClN4O5S, MS Calcd. : 587.0; MS Found: 587.4 [M+1] +.
[0720] Example 13: Preparation of N- (3- ( (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutyl) amino) benzyl) -3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzamide (compound 13)
[0721] Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl (3-aminobenzyl) carbamate
[0722] 3- (aminomethyl) aniline (60.0 g, 0.49 mol, 1.0 eq. ) and MeCN (900 mL) were added to a 3 L four-necked flask, and a solution of Boc2O (107 g, 0.49 mol, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (300 mL) was added dropwise quickly. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated to dryness to obtain a crude product, which was purified by column (PE / EtOAc =5: 1) to obtain the product (110 g, 100%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0723] Step 2: Synthesis of (Z) -isonicotinohydrazonamide
[0724] Isonicotinonitrile (50.0 g, 0.48 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (120 mL) , Et2O (120 mL) and 80%hydrazine hydrate (250 mL) were added sequentially to a 1L single-necked bottle, and the reaction was allowed to stir at 30 ℃ for 24 h, concentrated to remove most of ethanol and diethyl ether, stirred in an ice-water bath for 2 h, and filtered. The filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (60 g, 91.8%yield) as an off-white solid.
[0725] Step 3: Synthesis of ethyl 3- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0726] Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate (83.0 g, 0.50 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , THF (1.66 L) and TEA (76.0 g, 0.75 mol, 1.5 eq. ) were added to a 3 L four-necked flask. The reaction was cooled to 0-5℃ in an ice-water bath, and TFAA (110.0 g, 0.53 mol, 1.05 eq. ) was added dropwise while maintaining the temperature <10℃. After dropping was complete, the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by adding 1 N HCl (1 L) thereto. Water (1 L) and EtOAc (1 L) were added, and the reaction was stirred and then left to separate. The organic phase was washed successively with saturated sodium bicarbonate (1 L) and saturated brine (0.5 L) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain the product (120 g, 91.4%yield) as a yellow solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0727] Step 4: Synthesis of ethyl 3- (N- (2- (benzyloxy) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0728] Ethyl 3- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (120.0 g, 0.46 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , DMF (1.2 L) , benzyl bromoacetate (116.0 g, 0.50 mol, 1.1 eq. ) and K2CO3 (95.0 g, 0.69 mol, 1.5 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 3L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 25℃ for 16 h. Water (5 L) and EtOAc (2.5 L) were added, and the reaction was stirred and then left to separate. The organic phase was washed with saturated brine (1.5 L*3) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain the product (170 g, 90.4%yield) as an off-white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0729] Step 5: Synthesis of N- (3- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) -N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) glycine
[0730] Ethyl 3- (N- (2- (benzyloxy) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (170.0 g, 0.42 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (2.1 L) and 10%wet Pd / C (34.0 g, 57%water content) were added sequentially into a 5 L four-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4 h under H2 (15 psi) condition. The reaction was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain the product (132 g, 100%yield) as a slightly yellow transparent solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0731] Step 6: Synthesis of ethyl (Z) -3- (N- (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0732] N- (3- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) -N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) glycine (132.0 g, 0.41 mol, 1.0 eq.) , (Z) -isonicotinohydrazonamide (58.0 g, 0.43 mol, 1.04 eq. ) , DMF (1.4 L) , HOBt (59.0 g, 0.44 mol, 1.06 eq. ) and EDCI (136.0 g, 0.71 mol, 1.73 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 2L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4 h under N2 protection. The reaction was quenched by pouring into water (6 L) , and extracted with EtOAc (7 L) . The organic phase was washed with saturated brine (2 L*3) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain 190 g of crude product. The crude product was slurried in EtOAc (760 mL) at 70℃ for 3 h, stirred in an ice-water bath for 2 h, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (118 g, 65.2%yield) as a white solid.
[0733] Step 7: Synthesis of ethyl (Z) -3- ( (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) amino) benzoate
[0734] Ethyl (Z) -3- (N- (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (110.0 g, 0.25 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , K2CO3 (104.0 g, 0.75 mol, 3.0 eq. ) and EtOH (2.2 L) were added to a 3 L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 65℃ for 2 h. The reaction was poured into stirred water (11 L) , and a large amount of solid precipitated out. The reaction was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (68 g, 79.2%yield) as a white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0735] Step 8: Synthesis of ethyl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate
[0736] Ethyl (Z) -3- ( (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) amino) benzoate (68.0 g, 0.20 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (2.2 L) and AcOH (136 mL) were added sequentially into a 2 L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 90℃ under reflux for 6 h. The reaction was concentrated to dryness, EtOAc (600 mL) and 1 M sodium carbonate (600 mL) were added, the layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted once more with EtOAc (400 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (500 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain 60 g of crude product. The crude product was slurried in ethyl acetate (420 mL) at 60℃ for 1 h, stirred in an ice-water bath for 0.5 h, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (60.3 g, 98.6%yield) as a white solid.
[0737] Step 9: Synthesis of 3- ( ( (3- (pyridin-4-yl) -1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl) methyl) amino) benzoic acid
[0738] Ethyl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate (60.0 g, 0.19 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (300 mL) , THF (300 mL) and 4 M NaOH (450 mL, 1.8 mol, 9.7 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 5 L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 16 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH to 4-5. The reaction was concentrated to remove most of EtOH and THF, stirred in an ice-water bath for 0.5 h, and filtered. The filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (47.0 g, 85.8%yield) as a white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0739] Step 10: Synthesis of 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate
[0740] 3- ( ( (3- (pyridin-4-yl) -1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl) methyl) amino) benzoic acid (46.8 g, 0.16 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , HOSu (20.1 g, 0.17 mol, 1.1 eq. ) , MeCN (500 mL) and DIC (22.0 g, 0.17 mol , 1.1 eq.) were added sequentially to a 1L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4h. The reaction was poured into water (2 L) . A large amount of solid precipitated out. The solid was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to give the product (53.7 g, 86.4%yield) as an off-white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0741] Step 11: Synthesis of 4-bromo-N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) butanamide
[0742] 4-amino-2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) isoindoline-1, 3-dione (1.80 g, 6.6 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , THF (36 mL) and 4-bromohexanoyl chloride (3.67 g, 19.8 mmol, 3.0 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 100 mL single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 70℃ for 17 h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and purified by column (DCM / MeOH=60: 1) to obtain the product (2.62 g, 83.7%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0743] Step 12: Synthesis of tert-butyl (3- ( (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutyl) amino) benzyl) carbamate
[0744] 4-bromo-N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) butanamide (0.94 g, 2.22 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , MeCN (20 mL) , K2CO3 (0.61 g, 4.44 mmol, 2.0 eq. ) , NaI (0.33 g, 2.22 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) and tert-butyl (3-aminobenzyl) carbamate (0.99 g, 4.44 mol, 2.0 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 100 mL four-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 70℃ for 16 h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to dryness, EtOAc (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were added, and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness to obtain a crude product. The crude product was purified by column (PE / EtOAc = 1.3 / 1) to obtain the product (200 mg, 16.0%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0745] Step 13: Synthesis of 4- ( (3- (aminomethyl) phenyl) amino) -N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) butanamide
[0746] Tert-butyl (3- ( (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutyl) amino) benzyl) carbamate (160 mg, 0.28 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) and EtOAc (3.5 mL) were added to a 100 mL four-necked flask, and to which 3 M HCl / EtOAc (7 mL) was added under stirring. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 2h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to obtain the product (160 mg, 100%yield) as a brownish yellow solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0747] Step 14: Synthesis of N- (3- ( (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutyl) amino) benzyl) -3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzamide
[0748] 4- ( (3- (aminomethyl) phenyl) amino) -N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) butanamide (160 mg, 0.28 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , DMF (5.5 mL) , TEA (113 mg, 1.12 mmol, 4.0 eq. ) and 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate (110 g, 0.28 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 100 mL four-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 30℃ for 16h under N2 protection. The reaction was poured into 50 mL of water. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain a crude product. The product was prepared and purified by HPLC to obtain the product (50 mg, 24.1%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0749] Example 14: Preparation of N- (3- ( (6- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -6-oxohexyl) amino) benzyl) -3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzamide (compound 14)
[0750] Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl (3-aminobenzyl) carbamate
[0751] 3- (aminomethyl) aniline (60.0 g, 0.49 mol, 1.0 eq. ) and MeCN (900 mL) were added to a 3 L four-necked flask, and a solution of Boc2O (107 g, 0.49 mol, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (300 mL) was added dropwise quickly. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated to dryness to obtain a crude product, which was purified by column (PE / EtOAc =5: 1) to obtain the product (110 g, 100%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0752] Step 2: Synthesis of (Z) -isonicotinohydrazonamide
[0753] Isonicotinonitrile (50.0 g, 0.48 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (120 mL) , Et2O (120 mL) and 80%hydrazine hydrate (250 mL) were added sequentially to a 1L single-necked bottle, and the reaction was allowed to stir at 30 ℃ for 24 h, concentrated to remove most of ethanol and diethyl ether, stirred in an ice-water bath for 2 h, and filtered. The filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (60 g, 91.8%yield) as an off-white solid.
[0754] Step 3: Synthesis of ethyl 3- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0755] Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate (83.0 g, 0.50 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , THF (1.66 L) and TEA (76.0 g, 0.75 mol, 1.5 eq. ) were added to a 3 L four-necked flask. The reaction was cooled to 0-5℃ in an ice-water bath, and TFAA (110.0 g, 0.53 mol, 1.05 eq. ) was added dropwise while maintaining the temperature <10℃. After dropping was complete, the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by adding 1 N HCl (1 L) thereto. Water (1 L) and EtOAc (1 L) were added, and the reaction was stirred and then left to separate. The organic phase was washed successively with saturated sodium bicarbonate (1 L) and saturated brine (0.5 L) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain the product (120 g, 91.4%yield) as a yellow solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0756] Step 4: Synthesis of ethyl 3- (N- (2- (benzyloxy) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0757] Ethyl 3- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (120.0 g, 0.46 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , DMF (1.2 L) , benzyl bromoacetate (116.0 g, 0.50 mol, 1.1 eq. ) and K2CO3 (95.0 g, 0.69 mol, 1.5 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 3L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 25℃ for 16 h. Water (5 L) and EtOAc (2.5 L) were added, and the reaction was stirred and then left to separate. The organic phase was washed with saturated brine (1.5 L*3) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain the product (170 g, 90.4%yield) as an off-white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0758] Step 5: Synthesis of N- (3- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) -N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) glycine
[0759] Ethyl 3- (N- (2- (benzyloxy) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (170.0 g, 0.42 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (2.1 L) and 10%wet Pd / C (34.0 g, 57%water content) were added sequentially into a 5 L four-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4 h under H2 (15 psi) condition. The reaction was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain the product (132 g, 100%yield) as a slightly yellow transparent solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0760] Step 6: Synthesis of ethyl (Z) -3- (N- (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0761] N- (3- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) -N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) glycine (132.0 g, 0.41 mol, 1.0 eq.) , (Z) -isonicotinohydrazonamide (58.0 g, 0.43 mol, 1.04 eq. ) , DMF (1.4 L) , HOBt (59.0 g, 0.44 mol, 1.06 eq. ) and EDCI (136.0 g, 0.71 mol, 1.73 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 2L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4 h under N2 protection. The reaction was quenched by pouring into water (6 L) , and extracted with EtOAc (7 L) . The organic phase was washed with saturated brine (2 L*3) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain 190 g of crude product. The crude product was slurried in EtOAc (760 mL) at 70℃ for 3 h, stirred in an ice-water bath for 2 h, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (118 g, 65.2%yield) as a white solid.
[0762] Step 7: Synthesis of ethyl (Z) -3- ( (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) amino) benzoate
[0763] Ethyl (Z) -3- (N- (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (110.0 g, 0.25 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , K2CO3 (104.0 g, 0.75 mol, 3.0 eq. ) and EtOH (2.2 L) were added to a 3 L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 65℃ for 2 h. The reaction was poured into stirred water (11 L) , and a large amount of solid precipitated out. The reaction was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (68 g, 79.2%yield) as a white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0764] Step 8: Synthesis of ethyl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate
[0765] Ethyl (Z) -3- ( (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) amino) benzoate (68.0 g, 0.20 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (2.2 L) and AcOH (136 mL) were added sequentially into a 2 L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 90℃ under reflux for 6 h. The reaction was concentrated to dryness, EtOAc (600 mL) and 1 M sodium carbonate (600 mL) were added, the layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted once more with EtOAc (400 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (500 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain 60 g of crude product. The crude product was slurried in ethyl acetate (420 mL) at 60℃ for 1 h, stirred in an ice-water bath for 0.5 h, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (60.3 g, 98.6%yield) as a white solid.
[0766] Step 9: Synthesis of 3- ( ( (3- (pyridin-4-yl) -1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl) methyl) amino) benzoic acid
[0767] Ethyl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate (60.0 g, 0.19 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (300 mL) , THF (300 mL) and 4 M NaOH (450 mL, 1.8 mol, 9.7 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 5 L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 16 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH to 4-5. The reaction was concentrated to remove most of EtOH and THF, stirred in an ice-water bath for 0.5 h, and filtered. The filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (47.0 g, 85.8%yield) as a white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0768] Step 10: Synthesis of 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate
[0769] 3- ( ( (3- (pyridin-4-yl) -1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl) methyl) amino) benzoic acid (46.8 g, 0.16 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , HOSu (20.1 g, 0.17 mol, 1.1 eq. ) , MeCN (500 mL) and DIC (22.0 g, 0.17 mol , 1.1 eq.) were added sequentially to a 1L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4h. The reaction was poured into water (2 L) . A large amount of solid precipitated out. The solid was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to give the product (53.7 g, 86.4%yield) as an off-white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0770] Step 11: Synthesis of 6-bromo-N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) hexanamide
[0771] 4-amino-2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) isoindoline-1, 3-dione (100.0 g, 0.37 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , THF (2 L) and 6-bromohexanoyl chloride (218 g, 1.02 mol, 2.8 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 3L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 70℃ for 6h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and purified by column (DCM / MeOH=100: 1) to obtain the product (162 g, 98.9%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0772] Step 12: Synthesis of tert-butyl (3- ( (6- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -6-oxohexyl) amino) benzyl) carbamate
[0773] 6-bromo-N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) hexanamide (76.0 g, 0.17 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , MeCN (1.5 L) , K2CO3 (46.6 g, 0.34 mol, 2.0 eq. ) , NaI (25.4 g, 0.17 mol, 2.0 eq.) and tert-butyl (3-aminobenzyl) carbamate (75.0 g, 0.34 mol, 2.0 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 3L four-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 70℃ for 48h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to dryness, and EtOAc (3 L) and water (3 L) were added. The liquids were separated, and the organic phase was concentrated to dryness to obtain 280 g of crude product, which was purified by column (DCM / EtOAc = 1 / 0.3) to obtain the product (65 g, 65.1%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0774] Step 13: Synthesis of 6- ( (3- (aminomethyl) phenyl) amino) -N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) hexanamide
[0775] Tert-butyl (3- ( (6- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -6-oxohexyl) amino) benzyl) carbamate (60.0 g, 0.10 mol, 1.0 eq. ) and EtOAc (600 mL) were added to a 2L four-necked flask, and 3 M HCl / EtOAc (600 mL) was added under stirring. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 2h under N2 protection. The reaction was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (51.7 g, 90.3%yield) as a gray-black solid.
[0776] Step 14: Synthesis of N- (3- ( (6- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -6-oxohexyl) amino) benzyl) -3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzamide
[0777] 6- ( (3- (aminomethyl) phenyl) amino) -N- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) hexanamide (51.7 g, 91.6 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , DMF (520 mL) , TEA (37.1 g, 0.37 mol, 4.0 eq. ) and 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate (36.0 g, 91.6 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 2L four-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 30℃ for 16h under N2 protection. The reaction was poured into 2.5 L of water, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain 70 g of crude product. The product was purified by column (DCM / MeOH=20 / 1) to obtain the product (43.0 g, 61.1%yield) as a yellowish solid.
[0778] Example 15: Preparation of N- (3- (4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanamido) benzyl) -3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzamide (compound 15)
[0779] Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl (3-aminobenzyl) carbamate
[0780] 3- (aminomethyl) aniline (60.0 g, 0.49 mol, 1.0 eq. ) and MeCN (900 mL) were added to a 3 L four-necked flask, and a solution of Boc2O (107 g, 0.49 mol, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (300 mL) was added dropwise quickly. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated to dryness to obtain a crude product, which was purified by column (PE / EtOAc =5: 1) to obtain the product (110 g, 100%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0781] Step 2: Synthesis of (Z) -isonicotinohydrazonamide
[0782] Isonicotinonitrile (50.0 g, 0.48 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (120 mL) , Et2O (120 mL) and 80%hydrazine hydrate (250 mL) were added sequentially to a 1L single-necked bottle, and the reaction was allowed to stir at 30 ℃ for 24 h, concentrated to remove most of ethanol and diethyl ether, stirred in an ice-water bath for 2 h, and filtered. The filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (60 g, 91.8%yield) as an off-white solid.
[0783] Step 3: Synthesis of ethyl 3- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0784] Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate (83.0 g, 0.50 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , THF (1.66 L) and TEA (76.0 g, 0.75 mol, 1.5 eq. ) were added to a 3 L four-necked flask. The reaction was cooled to 0-5℃ in an ice-water bath, and TFAA (110.0 g, 0.53 mol, 1.05 eq. ) was added dropwise while maintaining the temperature <10℃. After dropping was complete, the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by adding 1 N HCl (1 L) thereto. Water (1 L) and EtOAc (1 L) were added, and the reaction was stirred and then left to separate. The organic phase was washed successively with saturated sodium bicarbonate (1 L) and saturated brine (0.5 L) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain the product (120 g, 91.4%yield) as a yellow solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0785] Step 4: Synthesis of ethyl 3- (N- (2- (benzyloxy) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0786] Ethyl 3- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (120.0 g, 0.46 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , DMF (1.2 L) , benzyl bromoacetate (116.0 g, 0.50 mol, 1.1 eq. ) and K2CO3 (95.0 g, 0.69 mol, 1.5 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 3L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 25℃ for 16 h. Water (5 L) and EtOAc (2.5 L) were added, and the reaction was stirred and then left to separate. The organic phase was washed with saturated brine (1.5 L*3) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain the product (170 g, 90.4%yield) as an off-white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0787] Step 5: Synthesis of N- (3- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) -N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) glycine
[0788] Ethyl 3- (N- (2- (benzyloxy) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (170.0 g, 0.42 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (2.1 L) and 10%wet Pd / C (34.0 g, 57%water content) were added sequentially into a 5 L four-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4 h under H2 (15 psi) condition. The reaction was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain the product (132 g, 100%yield) as a slightly yellow transparent solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0789] Step 6: Synthesis of ethyl (Z) -3- (N- (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate
[0790] N- (3- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) -N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) glycine (132.0 g, 0.41 mol, 1.0 eq.) , (Z) -isonicotinohydrazonamide (58.0 g, 0.43 mol, 1.04 eq. ) , DMF (1.4 L) , HOBt (59.0 g, 0.44 mol, 1.06 eq. ) and EDCI (136.0 g, 0.71 mol, 1.73 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 2L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4 h under N2 protection. The reaction was quenched by pouring into water (6 L) , and extracted with EtOAc (7 L) . The organic phase was washed with saturated brine (2 L*3) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain 190 g of crude product. The crude product was slurried in EtOAc (760 mL) at 70℃ for 3 h, stirred in an ice-water bath for 2 h, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (118 g, 65.2%yield) as a white solid.
[0791] Step 7: Synthesis of ethyl (Z) -3- ( (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) amino) benzoate
[0792] Ethyl (Z) -3- (N- (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetamido) benzoate (110.0 g, 0.25 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , K2CO3 (104.0 g, 0.75 mol, 3.0 eq. ) and EtOH (2.2 L) were added to a 3 L single-necked bottle. The reaction was allowed to stir at 65℃ for 2 h. The reaction was poured into stirred water (11 L) , and a large amount of solid precipitated out. The reaction was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (68 g, 79.2%yield) as a white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0793] Step 8: Synthesis of ethyl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate
[0794] Ethyl (Z) -3- ( (2- (2- (amino (pyridin-4-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl) -2-oxoethyl) amino) benzoate (68.0 g, 0.20 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (2.2 L) and AcOH (136 mL) were added sequentially into a 2 L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 90℃ under reflux for 6 h. The reaction was concentrated to dryness, EtOAc (600 mL) and 1 M sodium carbonate (600 mL) were added, the layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted once more with EtOAc (400 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (500 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain 60 g of crude product. The crude product was slurried in ethyl acetate (420 mL) at 60℃ for 1 h, stirred in an ice-water bath for 0.5 h, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (60.3 g, 98.6%yield) as a white solid.
[0795] Step 9: Synthesis of 3- ( ( (3- (pyridin-4-yl) -1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl) methyl) amino) benzoic acid
[0796] Ethyl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate (60.0 g, 0.19 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , EtOH (300 mL) , THF (300 mL) and 4 M NaOH (450 mL, 1.8 mol, 9.7 eq. ) were added sequentially to a 5 L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 16 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH to 4-5. The reaction was concentrated to remove most of EtOH and THF, stirred in an ice-water bath for 0.5 h, and filtered. The filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain the product (47.0 g, 85.8%yield) as a white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0797] Step 10: Synthesis of 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate
[0798] 3- ( ( (3- (pyridin-4-yl) -1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl) methyl) amino) benzoic acid (46.8 g, 0.16 mol, 1.0 eq. ) , HOSu (20.1 g, 0.17 mol, 1.1 eq. ) , MeCN (500 mL) and DIC (22.0 g, 0.17 mol , 1.1 eq.) were added sequentially to a 1L single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 4h. The reaction was poured into water (2 L) . A large amount of solid precipitated out. The solid was filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to give the product (53.7 g, 86.4%yield) as an off-white solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0799] Step 11: Synthesis of 4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanoic acid
[0800] 4-amino-2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) isoindoline-1, 3-dione (855 mg, 3.13 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , THF (8.5 mL) and 5-oxazelaic anhydride (1.62 g, 9.39 mmol, 3.0 eq. ) were sequentially added to a 50 mL single-necked flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 70℃ for 17h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and purified by column (DCM / MeOH=120: 1) to obtain the product (75 mg, 5.4%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0801] Step 12: Synthesis of tert-butyl (3- (4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanamido) benzyl) carbamate
[0802] 4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanoic acid (75 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , MeCN (3 mL) , tert-butyl (3-aminobenzyl) carbamate (38 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , DIEA (44 mg, 0.34 mmol, 2.0 eq. ) and HATU (96 mg, 0.25 mmol, 1.5 eq. ) were sequentially added to a 10 mL thumb flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 2h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to dryness, and EtOAc (50 mL) and water (50 mL) were added, and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness to obtain a crude product. The crude product was purified by column (DCM / MeOH = 20 / 1) to obtain the product (95 mg, 87.0%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0803] Step 13: Synthesis of N- (3- ( (λ2-azaneyl) methyl) phenyl) -4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanamide
[0804] Tert-butyl (3- (4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanamido) benzyl) carbamate (95 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) and EtOAc (4 mL) were added to a 10 mL thumb flask, and 3 M HCl / EtOAc (4 mL) was added while stirring. The reaction was allowed to stir at 15℃ for 2h under N2 protection. The reaction was concentrated to obtain the product (85 mg, 93.2%yield) as a brownish yellow solid, which was directly used in the next step.
[0805] Step 14: Synthesis of N- (3- (4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanamido) benzyl) -3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzamide
[0806] N- (3- ( (λ2-azaneyl) methyl) phenyl) -4- (4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl) amino) -4-oxobutoxy) butanamide (85 mg, 0.14 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) , DMF (3 mL) , TEA (55 mg, 0.54 mmol, 4.0 eq. ) and 2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3- ( ( (5- (pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) benzoate (54 g, 0.14 mmol, 1.0 eq. ) were sequentially added to a 10 mL thumb flask. The reaction was allowed to stir at 30℃ for 16h under N2 protection. The reaction was poured into 50 mL of water, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried to obtain a crude product. The product was prepared and purified by HPLC to obtain the product (14 mg, 12.4%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0807] Example 16: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (compound 16)
[0808] To a solution of 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzoic acid (15 mg, 0.04 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) and 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (7.5 mg, 0.04 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) , TEA (6 mg, 0.06 mmol) and HATU (18 mg, 0.048 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for 1 hour. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (4.4 mg, 20%) as a white solid.
[0809] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.09 (s, 1H) , 10.83 (s, 1H) , 8.03-7.98 (m, 2H) , 7.81-7.79 (m, 2H) , 7.43-7.41 (m, 2H) , 7.42-7.39 (m, 1H) , 7.36-7.32 (m, 2H) , 7.23-7.04 (m, 4H) , 5.15 (dd, J =13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.39 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.28 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.03 (s, 2H) , 3.96 (s, 2H) , 2.95-2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.61-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.40-2.33 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C31H26N4O4S, MS Calcd. : 550.6; MS Found: 551.4 [M+1] +.
[0810] Example 17: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (compound 17)
[0811] To a mixture of 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzoic acid (20 mg, 0.053 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) and 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (11.9 mg, 0.053 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) , TEA (8 mg, 0.079 mmol) and HATU (18 mg, 0.048 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for 1 hour. Water (20 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (4.9 mg, 16%) as a white solid.
[0812] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.23 (s, 1H) , 10.95 (s, 1H) , 8.03-7.98 (m, 1H) , 7.85-7.83 (m, 2H) , 7.51-7.49 (m, 2H) , 7.42-7.39 (m, 1H) , 7.36-7.32 (m, 2H) , 7.29-7.25 (m, 2 H) , 7.15-7.12 (m, 2H) , 5.15 (dd, J =13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.39 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.05 (s, 2H) , 3.96 (s, 2H) , 2.92-2.89 (m, 1H) , 2.61-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.40-2.36 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C31H25ClN4O4S, MS Calcd. : 585.1; MS Found: 585.3 [M+1] +.
[0813] Example 18: Preparation of N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (compound 18)
[0814] To a mixture of 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzoic acid (20 mg, 0.051 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) and 5-benzyl-2-aminothiazole (9.7 mg, 0.051 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) , TEA (7.7 mg, 0.077 mmol) and HATU (21.4 mg, 0.056 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for 1 hour. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product N- (5-benzylthiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (4.9 mg, 17%) as a white solid.
[0815] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.42 (s, 1H) , 11.12 (s, 1H) , 8.02-7.95 (m, 2H) , 7.90-7.83 (m, 2H) , 7.79 (dd, J = 7.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.45 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.35-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.31 -7.29 (m, 2H) , 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H) , 7.25-7.19 (m, 1H) , 5.13 (dd, J = 12.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.25 (s, 2H) , 4.11 (s, 2H) , 2.93-2.83 (m, 1H) , 2.62-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.47-2.41 (m, 1H) , 2.07-2.00 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C31H24N4O5S, MS Calcd. : 564.6; MS Found: 565.5 [M+1] +.
[0816] Example 19: Preparation of N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (compound 19)
[0817] To a mixture of 4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzoic acid (20 mg, 0.051 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) and 5- [ (4-chlorophenyl) methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-amine (11.4 mg, 0.051 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) , TEA (7.7 mg, 0.077 mmol) and HATU (21.4 mg, 0.056 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for 1 hour. Water (20 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product N- (5- (4-chlorobenzyl) thiazol-2-yl) -4- ( (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl) methyl) benzamide (4.6 mg, 16%) as a white solid.
[0818] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.28 (s, 1H) , 11.00 (s, 1H) , 8.04-7.98 (m, 2H) , 7.94-7.90 (m, 1H) , 7.87-7.83 (m, 1H) , 7.73-7.71 (m, 1H) , 7.54 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.30-7.27 (m, 1H) , 7.27-7.22 (m, 2H) , 7.16-7.07 (m, 2H) , 5.11 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.06 (s, 2H) , 3.85 (s, 2H) , 2.95-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.63-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.47-2.32 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.94 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C31H23ClN4O5S, MS Calcd. : 599.1; MS Found: 599.4 [M+1] +.
[0819] Example 20: Preparation of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) -N- (5- (phenylcarbonothioyl) thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (compound 20)
[0820] To a mixture of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (15 mg, 0.05 mmol) and (2-aminothiazol-5-yl) (phenyl) methanethione (10.9 mg, 0.05 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) in DMF (3 mL) , TEA (8 mg, 0.08 mmol) and HATU (21 mg, 0.055 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for 5 hours. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH / DCM=1 / 100 -1 / 30) to obtain the product 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) -N- (5- (phenylcarbonothioyl) thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (5 mg, 20%) as a green solid.
[0821] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.10 (s, 1H) , 11.00 (s, 1H) , 7.85 (s, 1H) , 7.74 (d, J =1.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.68 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.66 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.61 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.59 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 2H) , 7.48 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H) , 5.12 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.46 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.00 (s, 2H) , 2.92-2.87 (m, 1H) , 2.64-2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.43-2.34 (m, 1H) , 2.04-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H20N4O4S2, MS Calcd. : 504.6; MS Found: 505.5 [M+1] +.
[0822] Example 21: Preparation of N- (5-benzoylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 21)
[0823] To a mixture of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (20 mg, 0.066 mmol) and (2-aminothiazol-5-yl) (phenyl) methanone (13.5 mg, 0.066 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) in DMF (3 mL) , TEA (10 mg, 0.099 mmol) and HATU (27.7 mg, 0.073 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for 1 hour. Water (20 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product N- (5-benzoylthiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (4.8 mg, 15%) as a white solid.
[0824] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.98 (s, 1H) , 11.01 (s, 1H) , 8.11 (s, 1H) , 7.85 (t, J =1.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.86-7.84 (m, 1H) , 7.74 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.72-7.64 (m, 1H) , 7.59 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H) , 5.12 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.45 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (d, J =17.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.99 (s, 2H) , 2.98-2.84 (m, 1H) , 2.64-2.56 (m, 1H) , 2.45-2.34 (m, 1H) , 2.04-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C25H20N4O5S, MS Calcd. : 488.5; MS Found: 489.2 [M+1] + .
[0825] Example 22: Preparation of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) -N- (5- (phenylamino) thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (compound 22)
[0826] 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (30.2 mg, 0.1 mmol) and N5-phenylthiazole-2, 5-diamine (19.1mg, 0.1 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) were mixed with DMF (3 mL) , 1-methylimidazole (24.6 mg, 0.3 mmol) and N, N, N', N'-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (33.6 mg, 0.12 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 hours. Then water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH / DCM=1 / 100 -1 / 30) and prep-HPLC to obtain the product 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) -N- (5- (phenylamino) thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (4.9 mg, 10%) as a white solid.
[0827] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.22 (s, 1H) , 11.00 (s, 1H) , 8.12 (s, 1H) , 7.72 (d, J =1.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.57 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 2H) , 7.21-7.10 (m, 3H) , 6.86-6.76 (m, 2H) , 6.75-6.68 (m, 1H) , 5.11 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.44 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.31 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.87 (s, 2H) , 2.96-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.63-2.56 (m, 1H) , 2.44-2.34 (m, 1H) , 2.04-1.95 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C24H21N5O4S, MS Calcd. : 475.5; MS Found: 476.3 [M+1] +.
[0828] Example 23: Preparation of N- (5- (1H-indol-3-yl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (compound 23)
[0829] To a mixture of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (20 mg, 0.066 mmol) and 5- (1H-indol-3-yl) thiazol-2-amine (10.7 mg, 0.05 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) in DMF (3 mL) , 1-methylimidazole (16.3 mg, 0.198 mmol) and N, N, N', N'-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (22.3 mg, 0.079 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 hours. Water (20 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product N- (5- (1H-indol-3-yl) thiazol-2-yl) -2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetamide (5.9 mg, 18%) as a white solid.
[0830] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.36 (s, 1H) , 11.43 (s, 1H) , 11.00 (s, 1H) , 7.79 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.75 (s, 1H) , 7.71-7.64 (m, 2H) , 7.64-7.55 (m, 2H) , 7.46-7.40 (m, 1H) , 7.19-7.14 (m, 1H) , 7.12-7.08 (m, 1H) , 5.12 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.45 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (d, J =17.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.92 (s, 2H) , 2.96-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.63-2.56 (m, 1H) , 2.44-2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.05-1.96 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C26H21N5O4S, MS Calcd. : 499.5; MS Found: 500.3 [M+1] + .
[0831] Example 24: Preparation of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) -N- (5- (naphthalen-1-yl) thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (compound 24)
[0832] To a mixture of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (20 mg, 0.066 mmol) and 5- (naphthalen-1-yl) thiazol-2-amine (15 mg, 0.066 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) in DMF (3 mL) , 1-methylimidazole (16.3 mg, 0.198 mmol) and N, N, N', N'-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (22.3 mg, 0.079 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 hours. Water (20 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) -N- (5- (naphthalen-1-yl) thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (5.7 mg, 17%) as a white solid.
[0833] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.58 (s, 1H) , 11.00 (s, 1H) , 8.15-8.08 (m, 1H) , 8.02-7.95 (m, 2H) , 7.76 (s, 1H) , 7.67 (s, 1H) , 7.63-7.59 (m, 2H) , 7.59-7.53 (m, 4H) , 5.12 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.45 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.96 (s, 2H) , 2.96-2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.64-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.45-2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.04-1.97 (m, 1H) . Chemical Formula: C28H22N4O4S, MS Calcd. : 510.1; MS Found: 511.3 [M+1] +.
[0834] Example 25: Preparation of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) -N- (5-phenoxythiazol-2-yl) acetamide (compound 25)
[0835] To a mixture of 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-yl) acetic acid (20 mg, 0.066 mmol) and 5-phenoxythiazol-2-amine (12.7 mg, 0.066 mmol; commercially available from Chengdu Fendi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) in DMF (3 mL) , 1-methylimidazole (16.3 mg, 0.198 mmol) and N, N, N', N'-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (22.3 mg, 0.079 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at 50 ℃ for 3 hours. Water (20 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to obtain the product 2- (2- (2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl) -3-oxoisoindolin-5-y...
Claims
1.A method for lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject:(a) a compound represented by Formula (1) :GBM-DT(1)or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof;wherein:GBM is a GRK2 binding moiety;DT is a degradation tag having E3 ligase binding capacity; or(b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the GBM is a moiety derived from polyanionic and polycationic compounds.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the polyanionic and polycationic compounds is selected from heparin and dextran sulfate.4.The method according to claim 1, wherein the GBM is a moiety derived from balanol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.5.The method according to claim 1, wherein the GBM is a moiety derived from Takeda inhibitors selected from or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.6.The method according to claim 1, wherein the GBM is a moiety derived from paroxetine series selected from , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.7.The method according to claim 1, wherein the GBM is a moiety derived from indazole or dihydropyrimidine series represented by Formula (2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof whereinR is selected fromR’ is selected from H and halogen; andR” is selected from8.The method according to claim 1, wherein the GBM is represented by Formula (3) : wherein ★denotes the point of attachment with the DT;the Formula I is a moiety covalently linked to the Formula II, wherein the Formula I comprises a thiazole ring or triazole ring in its backbone and is capable of binding to GRK2 by itself or along with the Formula II; andthe Formula II is a moiety covalently linked to both the Formula I and the DT, wherein the Formula II comprises an acyclic or cyclic saturated or unsaturated carbon, ethylene glycol group, amide group, ester group, amino group, oxy group, thio group, ether group, urea group, carbamate group, aromatic group, heteroaromatic group, heterocyclic group, carbonyl group or the combination thereof.9.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (4) : wherein:◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy;Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’;LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, -C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.11.The method according to claim 9, wherein Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.12.The method according to claim 9, wherein Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.13.The method according to claim 9, wherein Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.14.The method according to claim 9, wherein Q is Cy.15.The method according to claim 9, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.16.The method according to claim 9, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.17.The method according to claim 9, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.18.The method according to claim 9, wherein Cy is phenyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.19.The method according to claim 9, wherein Q is selected from: 20.The method according to claim 9, wherein Q is selected from: 21.The method according to claim 9, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.22.The method according to claim 9, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.23.The method according to claim 9, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.24.The method according to claim 9, wherein LA is -CH2-.25.The method according to claim 9, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.26.The method according to claim 9, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.27.The method according to claim 9, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.28.The method according to claim 9, wherein R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.29.The method according to claim 9, wherein R is selected from H and -OH.30.The method according to claim 9, wherein R is H.31.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.32.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.33.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.34.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.35.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.36.The method according to claim 9, wherein both of R1 and R2 are H.37.The method according to claim 9, wherein both of R1 and R2 are F.38.The method according to claim 9, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.39.The method according to claim 9, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.40.The method according to claim 9, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .41.The method according to claim 9, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .42.The method according to claim 9, wherein R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.43.The method according to claim 9, wherein R’ is Cl.44.The method according to claim 9, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.45.The method according to claim 9, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.46.The method according to claim 9, wherein each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.47.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.48.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.49.The method according to claim 9, wherein Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.50.The method according to claim 9, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.51.The method according to claim 9, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.52.The method according to claim 9, wherein each Rd is independently H or methyl.53.The method according to claim 9, wherein a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.54.The method according to claim 9, wherein a is 0 and b is 0.55.The method according to claim 9, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.56.The method according to claim 9, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.57.The method according to claim 9, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.58.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (4A) : wherein:◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.59.The method according to claim 58, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.60.The method according to claim 58, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.61.The method according to claim 58, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.62.The method according to claim 58, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.63.The method according to claim 58, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.64.The method according to claim 58, wherein both of R1 and R2 are H.65.The method according to claim 58, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.66.The method according to claim 58, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.67.The method according to claim 58, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.68.The method according to claim 58, wherein R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.69.The method according to claim 58, wherein R is selected from H and -OH.70.The method according to claim 58, wherein R is H.71.The method according to claim 58, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.72.The method according to claim 58, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.73.The method according to claim 58, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.74.The method according to claim 58, wherein Cy is phenyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.75.The method according to claim 58, wherein Cy is selected from: 76.The method according to claim 58, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.77.The method according to claim 58, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.78.The method according to claim 58, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .79.The method according to claim 58, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .80.The method according to claim 58, wherein R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.81.The method according to claim 58, wherein R’ is Cl.82.The method according to claim 58, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.83.The method according to claim 58, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.84.The method according to claim 58, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.85.The method according to claim 58, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.86.The method according to claim 58, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.87.The method according to claim 58, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.88.The method according to claim 58, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.89.The method according to claim 58, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.90.The method according to claim 58, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.91.The method according to claim 58, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (4B) : whereinm is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.92.The method according to claim 91, wherein m is selected from 0, 1 and 2.93.The method according to claim 91, wherein m is 0 or 1.94.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (5) : wherein:◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1A and R2A or R1B and R2B may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 is independently N or CR4A;each of E1, E2, E3 and E4 is independently N or CR4B;each of F1, F2, F3 and F4 is independently N or CR4C;each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.95.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.96.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.97.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.98.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.99.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently selected from H and F.100.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R1A, R2A, R1B and R2B is independently H.101.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl and optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl.102.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen and C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen.103.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen and propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen.104.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl and propyl.105.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R3A, R3B and R3C is independently selected from H.106.The method according to claim 94, wherein at least one of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 is N, and the others are CRA.107.The method according to claim 94, wherein one of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 is N, and the others are CRA.108.The method according to claim 94, wherein D3 is N, and the others are CR4A.109.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of E1, E2, E3 and E4 is independently CR4B.110.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of F1, F2, F3 and F4 is independently CR4C.111.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.112.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.113.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.114.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.115.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of R4A, R4B and R4C is independently H.116.The method according to claim 94, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.117.The method according to claim 94, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.118.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.119.The method according to claim 94, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.120.The method according to claim 94, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.121.The method according to claim 94, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.122.The method according to claim 94, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.123.The method according to claim 94, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.124.The method according to claim 94, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.125.The method according to claim 94, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (5A) : 126.The method according to claim 94, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (5B) : 127.The method according to claim 94, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (5C) : 128.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula II comprises an amide group or an ester group.129.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula II is represented by Formula (6) : wherein*denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I;#denotes the point of attachment with the DT;A, T, and B, at each occurrence, are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, -C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NR1-, -C (=S) NR1-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2-, -S (=O) 2NR1-, -NR1-, -NR1C (=O) -, -NR1C (=O) NR2-, -NR1C (=S) -, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, whereinR1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl; andp is 0 to 15.130.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula II is represented by Formula (6A) : wherein*denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I;#denotes the point of attachment with the DT;R1, R2, R3, and R4, at each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl;A, T, and B, at each occurrence, are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, -C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NR5-, -C (=S) NR5-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2-, -S (=O) 2NR5-, -NR5-, -NR5C (=O) -, -NR5C (=O) NR6-, -NR5C (=S) -, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, whereinR5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl;p is 0 to 15;each q is 0 to 15; ando is 0 to 15.131.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula II is represented by Formula (6B) : wherein*denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I;#denotes the point of attachment with the DT;each R1, and each R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, or C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl;each A and each B are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, -C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NR3-, -C (=S) NR3-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2NR3-, -NR3-, -NR3C (=O) -, -NR3C (=O) NR4-, -NR3C (=S) -, and optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, or C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, whereinR3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, or C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl;each p is 0 to 15; andq is 0 to 15.132.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula II is represented by Formula (6C) : wherein*denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I;#denotes the point of attachment with the DT;X is selected from -O-, -NH, and -NR7-;R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6, at each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl;A and B, at each occurrence, are independently selected from null, -C (=O) -, -C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NR7-, -C (=S) NR7-, -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (=O) 2-, -S (=O) 2NR7-, -NR7-, -NR7C (=O) -, -NR7C (=O) NR8-, -NR7C (=S) -, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 fused heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted C3-C13 spiro heterocyclyl, whereinR7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylamino, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylaminoC1-C6alkyl;each p is 0 to 15;each q is 0 to 15;o is 0 to 15; andr is 0 to 15.133.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula II is represented by Formula (7A) : wherein *denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I;#denotes the point of attachment with the DT;A is selected from C1-20alkylene, -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -and -N (Re) -C1-20alkylene-, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-20alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -;B is a bond or is selected from arylene, C3-12 carbocyclylene, 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;Re is selected from H and optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.134.The method according to claim 133, wherein A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N (C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -.135.The method according to claim 133, wherein A is selected from -CH2-, -O-, -NH-, -NH- (CH2) 3-, -NH- (CH2) 5-and -NH-C (=O) - (CH2) 3-O- (CH2) 3-.136.The method according to claim 133, wherein A is selected from -CH2-, -O-and -NH-.137.The method according to claim 133, wherein A is -NH-.138.The compound according to claim 133, wherein B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.139.The method according to claim 133, wherein B is a bond or is selected from phenylene, pyrrolylene, furylene, thienylene, pyrazolylene, imidazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, pyridinylene, pyranylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene and triazinylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.140.The method according to claim 133, wherein B is a bond or phenylene which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br.141.The method according to claim 133, wherein B is a bond or phenylene.142.The method according to claim 133, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.143.The method according to claim 133, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.144.The method according to claim 133, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.145.The method according to claim 133, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.146.The method according to claim 133, wherein Re is H.147.The method according to claim 133, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.148.The method according to claim 133, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.149.The method according to claim 133, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.150.The method according to claim 133, wherein Formula (7A) is a moiety selected from: 151.The method according to claim 133, wherein Formula (7A) is a moiety selected from: 152.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula II is represented by Formula (7B) : wherein*denotes the point of attachment with the Formula I;#denotes the point of attachment with the DT;is a single bond or a double bond;R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;e is 0 or 1;f is selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.153.The method according to claim 152, wherein is a single bond.154.The method according to claim 152, wherein is a double bond.155.The method according to claim 152, wherein R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.156.The method according to claim 152, wherein R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.157.The method according to claim 152, wherein R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.158.The method according to claim 152, wherein R” is selected from F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH and -NH2.159.The method according to claim 152, wherein e is 0.160.The method according to claim 152, wherein e is 1.161.The method according to claim 152, wherein f is 0.162.The method according to claim 152, wherein Formula (7B) is a moiety selected from: 163.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is capable of binding to an E3 ligase for recruitment of the corresponding ubiquitination machinery to GRK2, leading to the subsequent degradation of GRK2 in or near the proteasome and / or loss of function of GRK2.164.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is selected from the group consisting of cereblon ligands, VHL ligands, MDM2 ligands, TRIM24 ligands, TRIM21 ligands, KEAP1 ligands, RNF114 ligands, IAP ligands, DCAF16 ligands, DCAF15 ligands, FEM1B ligands, and ligands of arylhydrocarbon receptors.165.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (8A) , (8B) , (8C) or (8D) : wherein,denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;U is independently selected from -CH2-, -NH-and -O-;each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-;each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N;R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; andR6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl.166.The method according to claim 165, wherein U is -CH2-.167.The method according to claim 165, wherein U is -O-.168.The method according to claim 165, wherein U is -NH-.169.The method according to claim 165, wherein V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.170.The method according to claim 165, wherein V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.171.The method according to claim 165, wherein both of V and W are -C (=O) -.172.The method according to claim 165, wherein each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.173.The method according to claim 165, wherein R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.174.The method according to claim 165, wherein R5 is H.175.The method according to claim 165, wherein R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.176.The method according to claim 165, wherein R6 is H or F.177.The method according to claim 165, wherein the DT is a moiety selected from: 178.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (9) : whereindenotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, and optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl;R3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) (3-7 membered heterocyclyl) , optionally substituted -C (=O) C2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) C2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) O (3-7 membered heterocyclyl) , optionally substituted -C (=O) OC2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) OC2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8 aminoalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC1-C8alkylaminoC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) N (3-7 membered heterocyclyl) , optionally substituted -C (=O) NC2-C8 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C (=O) NC2-C8 alkynyl, optionally substituted -P (=O) (OH) 2, optionally substituted -P (=O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) 2, and optionally substituted -P (=O) (OC1-C8 aryl) 2.179.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (10) : whereindenotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;V, W, X, and Z are independently selected from CR4 and N;R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8alkoxyC1-C8alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C2-C8 alkenyl, and optionally substituted C2-C8 alkynyl.180.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is a moiety derived from any of the following: 181.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is selected from the group consisting of: 182.The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula (11) wherein:A is selected from C1-20alkylene, -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -and -N (Re) -C1-20alkylene-, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-20alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -;B is a bond or is selected from arylene, C3-12 carbocyclylene, 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc;U is independently selected from -CH2-, -NH-and -O-;each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-;each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;Re is selected from H and optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.183.The method according to claim 182, wherein A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N (C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -.184.The method according to claim 182, wherein A is selected from -CH2-, -O-, -NH-, -NH- (CH2) 3-, -NH- (CH2) 5-and -NH-C (=O) - (CH2) 3-O- (CH2) 3-.185.The method according to claim 182, wherein A is selected from -CH2-, -O-and -NH-.186.The method according to claim 182, wherein A is -NH-.187.The method according to claim 182, wherein B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.188.The method according to claim 182, wherein B is a bond or is selected from phenylene, pyrrolylene, furylene, thienylene, pyrazolylene, imidazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, pyridinylene, pyranylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene and triazinylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.189.The method according to claim 182, wherein B is a bond or phenylene which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br.190.The method according to claim 182, wherein B is a bond or phenylene.191.The method according to claim 182, wherein is a moiety selected from: 192.The method according to claim 182, wherein is a moiety selected from: 193.The method according to claim 182, wherein U is -CH2-.194.The method according to claim 182, wherein U is -O-.195.The method according to claim 182, wherein U is -NH-.196.The method according to claim 182, wherein V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.197.The method according to claim 182, wherein V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.198.The method according to claim 182, wherein both of V and W are -C (=O) -.199.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.200.The method according to claim 182, wherein is a moiety selected from:201.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.202.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.203.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.204.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.205.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.206.The method according to claim 182, wherein both of R1 and R2 are H.207.The method according to claim 182, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.208.The method according to claim 182, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.209.The method according to claim 182, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.210.The method according to claim 182, wherein R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.211.The method according to claim 182, wherein R is selected from H and -OH.212.The method according to claim 182, wherein R is H.213.The method according to claim 182, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.214.The method according to claim 182, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.215.The method according to claim 182, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.216.The method according to claim 182, wherein Cy is phenyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.217.The method according to claim 182, wherein Cy is selected from: 218.The method according to claim 182, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.219.The method according to claim 182, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.220.The method according to claim 182, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .221.The method according to claim 182, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .222.The method according to claim 182, wherein R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.223.The method according to claim 182, wherein R’ is Cl.224.The method according to claim 182, wherein R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.225.The method according to claim 182, wherein R5 is H.226.The method according to claim 182, wherein R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.227.The method according to claim 182, wherein R6 is H or F.228.The method according to claim 182, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.229.The method according to claim 182, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.230.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.231.The method according to claim 182, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.232.The method according to claim 182, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.233.The method according to claim 182, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.234.The method according to claim 182, wherein Re is H.235.The method according to claim 182, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.236.The method according to claim 182, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.237.The method according to claim 182, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.238.The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula (12A) , (12B) , (12C) , (12D) , (12E) or (12F) each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl;Ph represents phenylene; andm is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.239.The method according to claim 238, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.240.The method according to claim 238, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.241.The method according to claim 238, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.242.The method according to claim 238, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.243.The method according to claim 238, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.244.The method according to claim 238, wherein both of R1 and R2 are H.245.The method according to claim 238, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.246.The method according to claim 238, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.247.The method according to claim 238, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.248.The method according to claim 238, wherein R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.249.The method according to claim 238, wherein R is selected from H and -OH.250.The method according to claim 238, wherein R is H.251.The method according to claim 238, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.252.The method according to claim 238, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.253.The method according to claim 238, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .254.The method according to claim 238, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .255.The method according to claim 238, wherein R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.256.The method according to claim 238, wherein R’ is Cl.257.The method according to claim 238, wherein R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.258.The method according to claim 238, wherein R5 is H.259.The method according to claim 238, wherein R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.260.The method according to claim 238, wherein R6 is H or F.261.The method according to claim 238, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.262.The method according to claim 238, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.263.The method according to claim 238, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.264.The method according to claim 238, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.265.The method according to claim 238, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.266.The method according to claim 238, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.267.The method according to claim 238, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.268.The method according to claim 238, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.269.The method according to claim 238, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.270.The method according to claim 238, wherein Ph represents 271.The method according to claim 238, wherein m is selected from 0, 1 and 2.272.The method according to claim 238, wherein m is 0 or 1.273.The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 274.The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 275.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (13) : wherein:◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;each ofis independently a single bond or a double bond;Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy;Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’;LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, -C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-;X1, X2 and X3 are each independently selected from CR, S or N;with the proviso that at least one of X1, X2 and X3 is N and one of X1, X2 and X3 is S;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.276.The method according to claim 275, wherein Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.277.The method according to claim 275, wherein Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.278.The method according to claim 275, wherein Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.279.The method according to claim 275, wherein Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.280.The method according to claim 275, wherein Q is Cy.281.The method according to claim 275, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.282.The method according to claim 275, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.283.The method according to claim 275, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.284.The method according to claim 275, wherein Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.285.The method according to claim 275, wherein Q is selected from: 286.The method according to claim 275, wherein Q is selected from: 287.The method according to claim 275, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.288.The method according to claim 275, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.289.The method according to claim 275, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.290.The method according to claim 275, wherein LA is -CH2-.291.The method according to claim 275, wherein X1 is CR or N.292.The method according to claim 275, wherein X2 is S or N.293.The method according to claim 275, wherein X3 is S or N.294.The method according to claim 275, wherein is selected from: 295.The method according to claim 275, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.296.The method according to claim 275, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.297.The method according to claim 275, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.298.The method according to claim 275, wherein R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.299.The method according to claim 275, wherein R is selected from H, methyl and -OH.300.The method according to claim 275, wherein R is H.301.The method according to claim 275, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.302.The method according to claim 275, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.303.The method according to claim 275, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.304.The method according to claim 275, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.305.The method according to claim 275, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.306.The method according to claim 275, wherein both of R1 and R2 are H.307.The method according to claim 275, wherein both of R1 and R2 are F.308.The method according to claim 275, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.309.The method according to claim 275, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.310.The method according to claim 275, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .311.The method according to claim 275, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .312.The method according to claim 275, wherein R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.313.The method according to claim 275, wherein R’ is Cl or F.314.The method according to claim 275, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.315.The method according to claim 275, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.316.The method according to claim 275, wherein each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.317.The method according to claim 275, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.318.The method according to claim 275, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.319.The method according to claim 275, wherein Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.320.The method according to claim 275, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.321.The method according to claim 275, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.322.The method according to claim 275, wherein each Rd is independently H or methyl.323.The method according to claim 275, wherein a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.324.The method according to claim 275, wherein a is 0 and b is 0.325.The method according to claim 275, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.326.The method according to claim 275, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.327.The method according to claim 275, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.328.The method according to claim 8, wherein the Formula I is represented by Formula (14A) , (14B) or (14C) : wherein:◆ denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy;Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’;LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, -C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.329.The method according to claim 328, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.330.The method according to claim 328, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.331.The method according to claim 328, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.332.The method according to claim 328, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.333.The method according to claim 328, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.334.The method according to claim 328, wherein both of R1 and R2 are H.335.The method according to claim 328, wherein both of R1 and R2 are F.336.The method according to claim 328, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.337.The method according to claim 328, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.338.The method according to claim 328, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.339.The method according to claim 328, wherein R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.340.The method according to claim 328, wherein R is selected from H, methyl and -OH.341.The method according to claim 328, wherein R is H.342.The method according to claim 328, wherein Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.343.The method according to claim 328, wherein Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.344.The method according to claim 328, wherein Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.345.The method according to claim 328, wherein Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.346.The method according to claim 328, wherein Q is Cy.347.The method according to claim 328, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.348.The method according to claim 328, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.349.The method according to claim 328, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.350.The method according to claim 328, wherein Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.351.The method according to claim 328, wherein Q is selected from: 352.The method according to claim 328, wherein Q is selected from: 353.The method according to claim 328, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.354.The method according to claim 328, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.355.The method according to claim 328, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.356.The method according to claim 328, wherein LA is -CH2-.357.The method according to claim 328, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.358.The method according to claim 328, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.359.The method according to claim 328, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .360.The method according to claim 328, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .361.The method according to claim 328, wherein R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.362.The method according to claim 328, wherein R’ is Cl or F.363.The method according to claim 328, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.364.The method according to claim 328, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.365.The method according to claim 328, wherein each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.366.The method according to claim 328, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.367.The method according to claim 328, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.368.The method according to claim 328, wherein Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.369.The method according to claim 328, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.370.The method according to claim 328, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.371.The method according to claim 328, wherein each Rd is independently H or methyl.372.The method according to claim 328, wherein a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.373.The method according to claim 328, wherein a is 0 and b is 0.374.The method according to claim 328, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.375.The method according to claim 328, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.376.The method according to claim 328, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.377.The method according to claim 1, wherein the DT is a moiety represented by Formula (15A) , (15B) , (15C) or (15D) : wherein,denotes the point of attachment with the Formula II;U is independently selected from a bond, -CH2-, -NH-and -O-;each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-;each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N;R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; andR6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl.378.The method according to claim 377, wherein U is a bond.379.The method according to claim 377, wherein U is -CH2-.380.The method according to claim 377, wherein V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.381.The method according to claim 377, wherein V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.382.The method according to claim 377, wherein both of V and W are -C (=O) -.383.The method according to claim 377, wherein each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.384.The method according to claim 377, wherein R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.385.The method according to claim 377, wherein R5 is H.386.The method according to claim 377, wherein R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.387.The method according to claim 377, wherein R6 is H or F.388.The method according to claim 377, wherein the DT is a moiety selected from: 389.The method according to claim 377, wherein the DT is a moiety selected from: 390.The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula (16A) or (16B) wherein:each ofis independently a single bond or a double bond;Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc and Cy;Cy is selected from aryl, C3-12 carbocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’;LA is selected from a bond, - (CH2) aC (R1) (R2) (CH2) b-, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -, -C (=S) -, -S (=O) -and -S (=O) 2-;X1, X2 and X3 are each independently selected from CR, S or N;with the proviso that at least one of X1, X2 and X3 is N and one of X1, X2 and X3 is S;A is selected from C1-20alkylene, -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -and -N (Re) -C1-20alkylene-, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-20alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-, -S-, -N (Re) -, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -;B is a bond or is selected from arylene, C3-12 carbocyclylene, 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene and 3-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc;U is independently selected from a bond, -CH2-, -NH-and -O-;each of V and W is independently selected from -C (=O) -and -CH2-;each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6 and N;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl and optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2 may be taken together along with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -N (=O) , -NO2, -ON (=O) , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=S) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -NRbRc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) NRbRc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -NRdC (=O) Ra, -NRdC (=O) ORa, -NRdC (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) Ra, -NRdS (=O) 2Ra, -NRdS (=O) NRbRc, -NRdS (=O) 2NRbRc, -SN (=O) , -NRdN (=O) , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C3-12 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl and optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;R5 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;R6 is selected from H, halogen and optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl; or an Rb and an Rc may be taken together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl;Re is selected from H and optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl;a is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, b is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with the proviso that a + b ≤5;e is 0 or 1;f is selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; andthe term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -ORa, -NRbRc, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -NO2, =O, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.391.The method according to claim 390, wherein Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy.392.The method according to claim 390, wherein Q is selected from C1-6 alkyl, -SRa, and Cy.393.The method according to claim 390, wherein Q is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and Cy.394.The method according to claim 390, wherein Q is selected from isopropyl, isopropylthio and Cy.395.The method according to claim 390, wherein Q is Cy.396.The method according to claim 390, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.397.The method according to claim 390, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl, tetrahydrobenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl and indazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.398.The method according to claim 390, wherein Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, furyl, pyridinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [d] pyrimidinyl, phthalazinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuryl and tetrahydrobenzofuryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.399.The method according to claim 390, wherein Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’.400.The method according to claim 390, wherein Q is selected from: 401.The method according to claim 390, wherein Q is selected from: 402.The method according to claim 390, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.403.The method according to claim 390, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CCl2-, -CBr2-, -CFCl-, -CFBr-, -CClBr-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.404.The method according to claim 390, wherein LA is selected from a bond, -CH2-, -CF2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -.405.The method according to claim 390, wherein LA is -CH2-.406.The method according to claim 390, wherein X1 is CR or N.407.The method according to claim 390, wherein X2 is S or N.408.The method according to claim 390, wherein X3 is S or N.409.The method according to claim 390, wherein is selected from: 410.The method according to claim 390, wherein A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N (C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -.411.The method according to claim 390, wherein A is selected from -CH2-, -O-, -NH-, -NH- (CH2) 3-, -NH- (CH2) 5-and -NH-C (=O) - (CH2) 3-O- (CH2) 3-.412.The method according to claim 390, wherein A is selected from -CH2-, -O-and -NH-.413.The method according to claim 390, wherein A is -NH-.414.The method according to claim 390, wherein B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.415.The method according to claim 390, wherein B is a bond or is selected from phenylene, pyrrolylene, furylene, thienylene, pyrazolylene, imidazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, pyridinylene, pyranylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene and triazinylene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.416.The method according to claim 390, wherein B is a bond or phenylene which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br.417.The method according to claim 390, wherein B is a bond or phenylene.418.The method according to claim 390, wherein is a moiety selected from: 419.The method according to claim 390, wherein is a moiety selected from: 420.The method according to claim 390, wherein U is a bond.421.The method according to claim 390, wherein U is -CH2-.422.The method according to claim 390, wherein V is -C (=O) -and W is -CH2-.423.The method according to claim 390, wherein V is -CH2-and W is -C (=O) -.424.The method according to claim 390, wherein both of V and W are -C (=O) -.425.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of X, Y, and Z is independently selected from CR6.426.The method according to claim 390, wherein is a moiety selected from: 427.The method according to claim 390, wherein is a moiety selected from: 428.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.429.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.430.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.431.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and propyl.432.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H and F.433.The method according to claim 390, wherein both of R1 and R2 are H.434.The method according to claim 390, wherein both of R1 and R2 are F.435.The method according to claim 390, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.436.The method according to claim 390, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc.437.The method according to claim 390, wherein R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.438.The method according to claim 390, wherein R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH, -O (CH3) and -NH2.439.The method according to claim 390, wherein R is selected from H, methyl and -OH.440.The method according to claim 390, wherein R is H.441.The method according to claim 390, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.442.The method according to claim 390, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen or C3-6cycloalkyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.443.The method according to claim 390, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH, -O (CH3) , -O (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) , -N (CH3) 2 and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .444.The method according to claim 390, wherein R’ is selected from halogen, -CH2 (C3-6cycloalkyl) , -OH and -NH (C3-6cycloalkyl) .445.The method according to claim 390, wherein R’ is selected from F, Cl, cyclopropylmethyl, -OH and cyclopropylamino.446.The method according to claim 390, wherein R’ is Cl or F.447.The method according to claim 390, wherein in is a single bond.448.The method according to claim 390, wherein in is a double bond.449.The method according to claim 390, wherein R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.450.The method according to claim 390, wherein R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C1-6 heteroalkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc.451.The method according to claim 390, wherein R” is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2.452.The method according to claim 390, wherein R” is selected from F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, propyl, -OH and -NH2.453.The method according to claim 390, wherein R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.454.The method according to claim 390, wherein R5 is H.455.The method according to claim 390, wherein R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br.456.The method according to claim 390, wherein R6 is H or F.457.The method according to claim 390, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.458.The method according to claim 390, wherein each Ra is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.459.The method according to claim 390, wherein each Ra is independently H or isopropyl.460.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl.461.The method according to claim 390, wherein each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.462.The method according to claim 390, wherein Rb is H and Rc is cyclopropyl, or Rb is cyclopropyl and Rc is H.463.The method according to claim 390, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl.464.The method according to claim 390, wherein each Rd is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.465.The method according to claim 390, wherein Re is H.466.The method according to claim 390, wherein a is selected from 0 and 1 and b is selected from 0 and 1.467.The method according to claim 390, wherein a is 0 and b is 0.468.The method according to claim 390, wherein e is 0.469.The method according to claim 390, wherein e is 1.470.The method according to claim 390, wherein f is 0.471.The method according to claim 390, wherein is a moiety selected from: 472.The method according to claim 390, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.473.The method according to claim 390, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, -OH, -NH2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.474.The method according to claim 390, wherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.475.The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula (17A) or (17B) wherein:each ofis independently a single bond or a double bond;Q is selected from optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -ORa, -SRa, -NRbRc and Cy;Cy is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, C3-8 carbocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more R’;LA is selected from a bond, -C (R1) (R2) -, -N (R1) -, -O-, -S-, -C (=O) -and -C (=S) -;is selected from: A is selected from C1-8alkylene, -O-, -NH-, -N (CH3) -, -N (C2H5) -, -NH-C1-8alkylene, and optionally wherein 1, 2, 3 or more methylene in the C1-8alkylene group is independently replaced with a group selected from -O-and -C (=O) -;B is a bond or is selected from arylene and 5 or 6-membered heteroarylene comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, methyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, ethyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, propyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen, -OH, -O (CH3) , -NH2, -NH (CH3) and -N (CH3) 2;U is independently selected from a bond, -CH2-, -NH-and -O-;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc;R is selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa, and -NRbRc;R’ is selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, -ORa, -SRa and -NRbRc;R5 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br;R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and Br;each Ra is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C3-6cycloalkyl;e is 0 or 1; andwherein the term “optionally substituted” before a chemical group without specifying the substituents (s) thereof indicates that said chemical group is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -NO2, -CN and C3-6cycloalkyl.476.The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 477.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the pre-diabetic condition is impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or the combination thereof.478.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the diabetes is type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hybrid forms of diabetes, hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy, other specific types of diabetes, unclassified diabetes or any combination thereof.479.The method according to claim 478, wherein the type 1 diabetes is immune-mediated type 1 diabetes or idiopathic type 1 diabetes.480.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the hybrid forms of diabetes are slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes of adults, ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes or the combination thereof.481.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy is diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus or the combination thereof.482.the method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the other specific types of diabetes are monogenic diabetes associated with monogenic defects of β-cell function and / or monogenic defects in insulin action, diabetes associated with diseases of the exocrine pancreas, diabetes associated with endocrine disorders, drug-or chemical-induced diabetes, infection-related diabetes, uncommon specific forms of immune-mediated diabetes, other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes or any combination thereof.483.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes is an acute complication.484.The method according to claim 483, wherein the acute complication is severe diabetic hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma or any combination thereof.485.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes is a chronic complication.486.The method according to claim 485, wherein the chronic complication is microangiopathy.487.The method according to claim 486, wherein the microangiopathy is diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, erectile dysfunction, periodontal disease or any combination thereof.488.The method according to claim 485, wherein the chronic complication is macrovascular disease.489.The method according to claim 488, wherein the macrovascular disease is coronary artery disease, diabetic myonecrosis, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, carotid artery stenosis, diabetic foot, female infertility or any combination thereof.490.The method according to claim 485, wherein the chronic complication is a respiratory infection, increased risk of wound infections, restrictive lung disease, lipohypertrophy, depression, cognitive deficit, gastroparesis, endocrinopathies or any combination thereof.491.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the pre-diabetic condition, the diabetes, or the complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes is preventable or treatable by GRK2 degraders.492.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject has elevated expression or level of GRK2 in vivo.493.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject has insufficient insulin secretion and / or insulin resistance.494.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject is a mammal.495.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject is a human.496.The method according to claim 495, wherein the human is a newborn, an infant, a toddler, a child, a teenager or an adult.497.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject has a fasting blood glucose level of at least 100 mg / dL, at least 105 mg / dL, at least 110 mg / dL, at least 115 mg / dL, at least 120 mg / dL, at least 125 mg / dL, at least 130 mg / dL, at least 140 mg / dL, at least 150 mg / dL, at least 160 mg / dL, at least 170 mg / dL, at least 180 mg / dL, at least 190 mg / dL, at least 200 mg / dL, at least 210 mg / dL, at least 220 mg / dL, at least 230 mg / dL, at least 240 mg / dL, at least 250 mg / dL, at least 260 mg / dL, at least 270 mg / dL, at least 280 mg / dL, at least 290 mg / dL or at least 300 mg / dL on more than one occasions before administration.498.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject has a fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg / dL to 125 mg / dL or greater than 125 mg / dL on more than one occasions before administration.499.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject has a blood glucose level of at least 180 mg / dL, at least 190 mg / dL, at least 200 mg / dL, at least 210 mg / dL, at least 220 mg / dL, at least 230 mg / dL, at least 240 mg / dL, at least 250 mg / dL, at least 260 mg / dL, at least 270 mg / dL, at least 280 mg / dL, at least 290 mg / dL or at least 300 mg / dL two hours after eating on more than one occasions before administration.500.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject has a fasting blood glucose level of at most 100 mg / dL, at most 105 mg / dL, at most 110 mg / dL, at most 115 mg / dL, at most 120 mg / dL or at most 125 mg / dL for at least a period of time after administration.501.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the subject has a blood glucose level of at most 140 mg / dL, at most 150 mg / dL, at most 160 mg / dL, at most 170 mg / dL, at most 180 mg / dL, at most 190 mg / dL or at most 200 mg / dL two hours after eating for at least a period of time after administration.502.The method according to claim 500 or claim 501, wherein the period of time is at least 0.5 h, at least 1h, at least 2h, at least 4h, at least 6h, at least 8h, at least 12h, at least 16h, at least 20h or at least 24h.503.The method according to anyone of claims 1-476, wherein the method further comprises administering to the subject in need thereof an additional antidiabetic agent.504.The method according to claim 503, wherein the additional antidiabetic agent is administrated before, during or after the administration of the compound according to anyone of claims 1-476 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to anyone of claims 1-476 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.505.The method according to claim 503, wherein the additional antidiabetic agent is provided in the same pharmaceutical composition or in a separate pharmaceutical composition with respect to the compound according to anyone of claims 1-476 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof.506.The method according to claim 503, wherein the additional antidiabetic agent is an insulin optionally selected from the group consisting of a rapid-acting insulin, a short-acting insulin, an intermediate-acting insulin and a long-acting insulin; an insulin sensitizer optionally selected from the group consisting of a biguanide, a thiazolidinedione, a LYN kinase activator; an insulin secretagogue optionally selected from the group consisting of a sulfonylurea and a nonsulfonylurea; an α-glucosidase inhibitor; a peptide analog optionally selected from the group consisting of an injectable incretin mimetics and an injectable amylin analogues; a glycosuric; a glifozin; or any combination thereof.507.The compound according to anyone of claims 1-476 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to anyone of claims 1-476 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.508.Use of the compound according to anyone of claims 1-476 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to anyone of claims 1-476 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isomer, an isotope, a prodrug, a solvate, or a polymorph thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for the preparation of a medicament for use in lowering blood glucose, stimulating or increasing insulin secretion, or preventing or treating a pre-diabetic condition, a diabetes, or a complication related to a pre-diabetic condition or a diabetes in a subject in need thereof.
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