Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a setting indicating any of time-domain radio resource management (RRM) measurement prediction, space-domain RRM measurement prediction, and frequency-domain RRM measurement prediction; and a control unit that, when the setting indicates the time-domain RRM measurement prediction, controls performance of consolidation and layer 3 filtering on a measurement result and a prediction result by the time-domain RRM measurement prediction. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, highly efficient and highly reliable measurement prediction can be achieved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control, management, etc. is being considered.

[0006] In utilizing such AI / ML models, the introduction of spatial domain / temporal domain / frequency domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction using AI / ML models is being considered.

[0007] In particular, in mobility use cases that utilize the AI / ML model, it is being considered to introduce such RRM measurement prediction at Layer 3 (L3) that utilizes a UE side (UE sided) model (which may also be referred to as L3 RRM measurement prediction).

[0008] However, the details of L3 filtering / beam consolidation / beam selection related to L3 RRM measurement prediction have not been sufficiently studied, which may result in, for example, failure to achieve highly efficient and reliable measurement prediction, and may hinder improvements in communication throughput / communication quality using AI / ML models.

[0009] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that are suitable for achieving highly efficient and reliable measurement prediction.

[0010] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a configuration indicating one of a time-domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction, a spatial-domain RRM measurement prediction, and a frequency-domain RRM measurement prediction, and a control unit that, when the configuration indicates the time-domain RRM measurement prediction, controls combining of measurement results and prediction results based on the time-domain RRM measurement prediction and execution of Layer 3 filtering.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, highly efficient and reliable measurement prediction can be achieved.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing using an AI model. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of event prediction according to Approach 1. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of event prediction according to Approach 2. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement configuration. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of NR measurement configuration. FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams illustrating examples of information element links according to NR measurement configuration. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of L3 measurement generation. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating examples of L1 and L3 measurements. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case F1. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case F2. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case F3. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case TA1. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case TA2. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case TA3. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case TB1. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement prediction according to Case TB2. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction according to Case TB3. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction according to Case S1. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction according to Case S3. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of L3 RRM measurement prediction according to the third embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0013] (AI Model) With regard to future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0014] For example, for future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI techniques is being considered to improve channel state information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve positioning (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0015] In the present disclosure, AI model information used in AI technology may refer to information including at least one of the following: - Input / output information of the AI ​​model; - Pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model; - Parameter information of the AI ​​model; - Training information for the AI ​​model; - Inference information for the AI ​​model; - Performance information regarding the AI ​​model.

[0016] In the present disclosure, the terms AI model, AI / ML model, and model may be read interchangeably.

[0017] Here, the input / output information of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Contents of the input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the angle of arrival (Angle of Arrival (AoA)), information on the angle of departure (Angle of Departure (AoD)), location information); - Type of the input / output data (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number); - Quantization interval (quantization step size) of the input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP); - Range that the input / output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0018] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of arrival and a zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). The information on AoD may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of departure and a zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0019] In the present disclosure, location information may be location information related to a UE / NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)), information about a base station adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., a base station / cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction / angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., coordinates on the X, Y, and Z axes), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, and may be information based on a specific point.

[0020] The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location / position / orientation of antennas, location / orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0021] The location information may include mobility information, which may include information indicating at least one of information indicating a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, and a moving direction of the UE.

[0022] Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of a fixed location UE, a movable / moving UE, a no mobility UE, a low mobility UE, a middle mobility UE, a high mobility UE, a cell-edge UE, a not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0023] The pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization (standardization), min-max normalization); Parameters for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, min / max for min-max normalization); Whether to apply a specific numerical conversion method (e.g., one hot encoding, label encoding, etc.); Selection rules for whether to use as training data.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of processing using an AI model. For example, Z-score normalization (x) is performed as preprocessing for input information x (original input values). ｎｅｗ = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the mean of x and σ is the standard deviation) ｎｅｗ (Normalized input values) may be input to the AI ​​model, and the output y ｏｕｔ The output values ​​may be post-processed to obtain the final output y (post-processed output values).

[0025] The information on the parameters of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Information on weights in the AI ​​model (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)); - Structure of the AI ​​model; - Type of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)); - Function of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0026] Note that the weight information in the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Bit width (size) of the weight information; - Quantization interval of the weight information; - Range that the weight information can take; - Weight parameters in the AI ​​model; - Information on the difference from the AI ​​model before update (if updating); - Weight initialization method (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal distribution / uniform distribution / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for rectified linear units (ReLU))).

[0027] The structure of the AI ​​model may also include information about at least one of the following: the number of layers, the type of layer (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer), layer information, time series specific parameters (e.g., bidirectionality, time step), parameters for training (e.g., type of function (e.g., L2 regularization, dropout function, etc.), where (e.g., after which layer) to place this function).

[0028] The layer information may include information about at least one of the following: Number of neurons in each layer; Kernel size; Stride for pooling / convolutional layers; Pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.); Residual block information; Number of heads; Normalization method (Batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.); Activation function (Sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

[0029] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). This example illustrates an AI model including a ResNet model component #1, a Transformer model component #2, a dense layer, and a normalization layer. In this manner, one AI model may be included as a component of another AI model. Note that FIG. 2 may also illustrate an AI model in which processing proceeds from left to right.

[0030] The training information for the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: - Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), parameters of the optimization (learning rate, momentum information, etc.); - Information on the loss function (e.g., information on metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE)), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross Entropy Loss, NLL Loss, KL Divergence, etc.)); - Parameters to be frozen for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be updated (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be (to be used as) initial parameters for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Method of training / updating the AI ​​model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data to use for training).

[0031] The inference information for the AI ​​model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, etc.

[0032] The performance information regarding the AI ​​model may include information regarding the expected value of a loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0033] AI model information regarding a specific AI model may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to a UE from a network (NW). An AI model defined in a standard may be referred to as a reference AI model. AI model information regarding a reference AI model may be referred to as reference AI model information.

[0034] Note that the AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI ​​model (which may be referred to as an AI model index, for example). The AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include the AI ​​model index in addition to / instead of the input / output information of the AI ​​model described above. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (for example, input / output information of the AI ​​model) may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to the UE from the NW.

[0035] (CSI Reporting) In NR, a UE measures the channel state using a predetermined reference signal (or a resource for the reference signal) and feeds back (reports) channel state information (CSI) to the base station.

[0036] The UE may measure the channel state using a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc.

[0037] The CSI-RS resource may include at least one of a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS and a CSI-Interference Management (IM). An SS / PBCH block is a block including a synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)) and a PBCH (and corresponding DMRS), and may be referred to as an SS block (SSB). An SSB index may be assigned to the time position of the SSB within a half-frame.

[0038] The CSI may include at least one of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SS / PBCH Block Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), a Layer 1 (L1)-Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a L1-Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), a L1-Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), a L1-Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and the like.

[0039] The CSI may have multiple parts. A first part of the CSI (CSI Part 1) may include information with a relatively small number of bits (e.g., RI). A second part of the CSI (CSI Part 2) may include information with a relatively large number of bits (e.g., CQI), such as information determined based on CSI Part 1.

[0040] Supported CSI feedback methods include (1) periodic CSI (P-CSI) reporting, (2) aperiodic CSI (A(AP)-CSI) reporting, and (3) semi-persistent (semi-persistent, semi-persistent) CSI reporting (Semi-Persistent CSI: SP-CSI) reporting.

[0041] The UE may be notified of information related to CSI reporting (which may be referred to as CSI reporting configuration information) using higher layer signaling, physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)), or a combination thereof. The CSI reporting configuration information may be configured, for example, using the RRC information element "CSI-ReportConfig."

[0042] The CSI reporting configuration information may include, for example, information regarding a reporting period, an offset, etc., which may be expressed in a predetermined time unit (slot unit, subframe unit, symbol unit, etc.). The CSI reporting configuration information may include a configuration ID (CSI-ReportConfigId). The configuration ID may identify parameters such as the type of CSI reporting method (whether it is SP-CSI, etc.), the reporting period, etc. The CSI reporting configuration information may include information (CSI-ResourceConfigId) indicating which signal (or which signal resource) is used to report the measured CSI.

[0043] (Event Prediction Using AI / ML Model) In future wireless communication systems, introduction of event prediction related to Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements using AI / ML models is being considered.

[0044] In this event prediction, the introduction of at least one of the following approaches 1 and 2 is being considered.

[0045] <Approach 1> The AI / ML model may predict the measurement results of the RRM (may output predicted values ​​of the measurement results), and then, based on the prediction, the AI / ML model may further predict the occurrence of measurement events.

[0046] 3 is a diagram showing an example of event prediction according to Approach 1. In the example shown in FIG. 3, measurement results at specific times (e.g., times T+1, T+2, and T+3 in FIG. 3) are predicted using an AI / ML model from measurement results at certain times (e.g., times T-2, T-1, and T in FIG. 3). The AI / ML model predicts the occurrence (input condition) of an event (event A3 in FIG. 3) based on the predicted measurement results.

[0047] <Approach 2> The AI / ML model may directly predict the occurrence of measurement events based on the RRM measurement results.

[0048] For example, the AI / ML model may output a parameter related to the confidence / probability of the prediction.

[0049] For example, an output port [of an AI / ML model] may output a value (soft value) between 0 and 1 indicating the probability of occurrence of each event.

[0050] Also, for example, a certain threshold may be used to determine whether an event is predicted.

[0051] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of event prediction according to Approach 2. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the occurrence (probability) of an event at a specific time (for example, times T+1, T+2, and T+3 in Fig. 4) is predicted using an AI / ML model (output ports A1 to A6) from measurement results at certain times (for example, times T-2, T-1, and T in Fig. 4) (event A3 at T+3 is predicted in Fig. 4).

[0052] (Measurement and Reporting in NR) In NR, the NW configures the UE for measurement and reporting. For example, the NW may configure the UE by higher layer signaling with measurement settings including at least one of the following for performing measurements and reporting: Measurement object (e.g., measObject). Reporting settings (e.g., reportConfig). Measurement identifier (e.g., measId). Measurement quantity (e.g., quantityConfig). Measurement gap (e.g., measGapConfig).

[0053] A measurement object indicates, for example, what the UE will measure on, and may include, for example, the type of measurement (intra-frequency, inter-frequency, inter-RAT) and details of the measurement object (e.g., frequency / time location, cell-specific offset, list of blacklisted cells, list of whitelisted cells, etc.).

[0054] The reporting configuration indicates, for example, how the UE reports measurements. The reporting configuration may include, for example, trigger criteria, RS type used for measurements, report format, etc.

[0055] A measurement identifier (ID) links, for example, a measurement object to a reporting configuration. Multiple measurement identifiers (IDs) may be linked to one reporting configuration.

[0056] In addition, in this disclosure, the terms "linked," "associated," "corresponding," "included," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0057] The measurement quantity indicates, for example, the filtering applied to the measurements. The measurement gap indicates, for example, the period available for the UE to perform several measurements (inter-frequency or intra-frequency with different BWP).

[0058] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of measurement configuration. In FIG. 5, an RRC information element MeasConfig is shown as an example of measurement configuration. MeasConfig may be configured by, for example, higher layer signaling. The following information elements may be associated with MeasConfig. Measurement object: MeasConfig may include measObjectToAddModList. In measObjectToAddModList, measObjectToAddMods that associate measurement object IDs (e.g., measObjectId) with measurement objects (e.g., measObject) are listed. The measurement object ID is, for example, an ID for managing / identifying the measurement object. Reporting configuration: MeasConfig may include reportConfigToAddModList. In reportConfigToAddModList, ReportConfigToAddMods that associate reporting configuration IDs (e.g., reportConfigId) with reporting configurations (e.g., reportConfig) are listed. The reporting configuration ID is, for example, an ID for managing / identifying the reporting configuration. Measurement identifier: MeasConfig may include measIdToAddModList. In measIdToAddModList, MeasIdToAddMod is listed, which associates a measurement identifier (e.g., measId), a measurement object ID (e.g., measObjectId), and a reporting configuration ID (e.g., reportConfigId). The measurement identifier (e.g., measId) is used, for example, to identify the configuration of the measurement (i.e., the link between the measurement object and the reporting configuration). The measurement identifier may be managed as a set with the measurement object ID and the reporting configuration ID. Measurement quantity: MeasConfig may include quantityConfig. The quantityConfig specifies, for example, the measurement quantity and filtering coefficient of the measurement between NR and RAT. Measurement gap: MeasConfig may include measGapConfig. The measGapConfig indicates, for example, the setting of the measurement gap.

[0059] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an NR measurement configuration. As shown in FIG. 6, a measurement identifier (e.g., measId) links, for example, a measurement object ID (e.g., measObjectId) to a reporting configuration ID (e.g., reportConfigId), thereby linking a measurement object (e.g., measObject) to a reporting configuration (e.g., reportConfig).

[0060] The reportConfig may include or include links to the Report type, Report quantity, Report criteria, Report amount / Report interval.

[0061] The measurement object (measObject) may include or contain links to, for example, the target cell frequency, the target reference signal (Target RS), the time / frequency location, the measurement quantity, the measurement gap, the blacklist / whitelist of cells.

[0062] For example, as described above, related information elements can be linked by measurement configuration. Figures 7A to 7C are diagrams showing an example of linking information elements by NR measurement configuration. In Figure 7A, measurement identifiers: Meas. ID 1 and Meas. ID 2, measurement object: Meas. Object 1, and report configurations: Report Config 1 and Report Config 2 are linked.

[0063] 7B, a measurement identifier (Meas. ID 3), a measurement object (Meas. Object 2), and a report configuration (Report Config 3) are linked together. Furthermore, the measurement object (Meas. Object 2) is linked to, for example, a measurement gap ID (Meas. Gap ID) and a measurement quantity configuration index (Quantity Config Index).

[0064] 7C , report configuration: Report Config 1 is linked to measurement identifier: Meas. ID 1, and report configuration: Report Config 2 is linked to measurement identifiers: Meas. ID 2 and Meas. ID 3. Measurement identifiers: Meas. ID 1 and Meas. ID 2 are linked to measurement object: Meas. Object 1, and measurement identifier: Meas. ID 3 is linked to measurement object: Meas. Object 2. Furthermore, measurement objects: Meas. Object 1 and Meas. Object 2 are linked to measurement gap ID (Meas. Gap ID) and measurement quantity configuration index (Quantity Config Index), respectively.

[0065] In addition, the correspondence between the measurement identifier, measurement object ID, and reporting setting ID may be one-to-one-to-one, as shown in Figure 7B, or may include a one-to-many relationship, as shown in Figures 7A and 7C.

[0066] For example, multiple measurement identifiers may be associated with one measurement object as shown in Fig. 7A. Also, for example, multiple reporting settings may be associated with one measurement object.

[0067] In another example, multiple measurement objects may be associated with one measurement identifier, and multiple measurement objects may be associated with one reporting configuration ID.

[0068] As described above, a measurement configuration for performing measurements and reporting can be configured for the UE. The UE may perform measurements and reporting by referring to the measurement configuration.

[0069] L3 Measurement Generation L1 measurements are measurements made at the physical layer (L1) and may be measurements relating to the basic signal quality and power of the radio link.

[0070] A report of an L1 measurement (which may also be referred to as an L1 report) may refer to a report on the results of the measurement.

[0071] On the other hand, L3 measurements are measurements performed at the network layer (L3) and may be measurements mainly related to communication continuity / connection management / handover.

[0072] A report of an L3 measurement (which may also be referred to as an L3 report) may refer to a report on the results of the measurement.

[0073] In NR, L3 measurement values ​​may be generated based on L1 measurement values ​​(and L2 measurement values).

[0074] The L1 measurement for the L3 measurement may be an L1 measurement with a specified time alignment.

[0075] For model training / performance monitoring, the collected data for L1 and L3 measurements must be consistent.

[0076] A method for generating an L3 measurement value from an L1 measurement value in a UE will be described below with reference to FIG.

[0077] First, layer 1 filtering is performed on each of the beams from the base station (K beams, gNB beams 1 to K) (point A / point A １ ). Layer 1 filtering of L1 measurements may depend on the UE implementation.

[0078] K beams after L1 filtering (A １ The output of (point B) may be subjected to beam consolidation / selection based on RRC configuration parameters and output as cell-level quality.

[0079] Point A １ From point B, the UE may derive the cell measurement result according to the highest beam measurement value or the linear power scale average value of the highest beam measurement value. In this case, the number of resources to be averaged may be configured. If the highest beam measurement value is higher than a configured threshold, the UE may perform averaging over multiple resources. Otherwise, the UE may directly use the highest beam measurement value.

[0080] The cell level quality output (output B) is subjected to L3 filtering of the cell quality based on the RRC configuration parameters and is output as an L3 cell level measurement value (point C).

[0081] From point B to point C, an L3 filter may be applied with a sliding window with a forgetting factor a.

[0082] The output of C (and the output of other C (C １ The reporting criteria are evaluated based on the RRC configuration parameters and output as an L3 cell level measurement report (point D).

[0083] Also, the K beams after L1 filtering (A １ The outputs of the L3 beams may be subjected to L3 beam filtering based on RRC setting parameters and output as L3 beam level measurement values ​​(point E).

[0084] Point A １ From point E, an L3 filter may be applied with a sliding window with a forgetting factor a.

[0085] The output of E is output as L3 beam level measurements (e.g., X beams) based on the RRC configuration parameters, where X may be determined based on the configuration via RRC signaling, for example (point F).

[0086] From point E to point F, under the configuration by RRC signaling, the UE sorts the measurements / measurement results based on the configured sorting amount or a default amount (e.g. RSRP if available) by including at most maxNrofRS-IndexesToReport RS indices (e.g. SSB (resource) indices / CSI-RS (resource) indices) in the sorting amount in ascending order.

[0087] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of L1 and L3 measurements, which corresponds to Fig. 8 and shows points A to C (i.e., the process of generating L3 measurements based on L1 measurements).

[0088] First, beam-level measurement results (e.g., RSRP) are used at point A. In the example shown in Fig. 9, five measurement instances are included in one time window (average window in Fig. 9).

[0089] Then, point A １ In this example, multiple beam level measurements at point A are averaged within an average window (for example, 200 ms) and output as beam level L1-RSRP (output M ｎ ).

[0090] Then, the output M ｎ For example, for multiple beams in the same cell, the maximum beam is selected / multiple beams are averaged, and the cell-level measurement result (RSRP) is output (output C ｎ ).

[0091] Then, output C ｎ An L3 filter (which may be read as L3 filtering) based on a forgetting factor a is used for the F １ =C １ , F ｎ = aC ｎ +(1-a)F ｎ－１ , a=0.5), and the cell level measurement result of L3 is output (output F ｎ ).

[0092] The time between the L1 measurement and the L3 measurement may be the same.

[0093] (L1 / L2 Inter-Cell Mobility) It is being considered that a UE performs UL transmission to one or more cells / TRPs. The following scenario 1 or scenario 2 can be considered as a procedure in this case. In the present disclosure, the term "serving cell" may be replaced with the TRP in the serving cell. The terms "layer 1 / layer 2" (L1 / L2) and "DCI / Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE)" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, a physical cell identity (PCI) different from the physical cell identity (PCI) of the current serving cell may be simply referred to as a "different PCI." The terms "non-serving cell," "cell with a different PCI," and "additional cell" may be interchangeable.

[0094] <Scenario 1> Scenario 1 corresponds to, for example, multi-TRP inter-cell mobility, but may be a scenario that does not correspond to multi-TRP inter-cell mobility.

[0095] (1) The UE receives from the serving cell the configuration necessary for using radio resources for data transmission and reception, including the SSB configuration for beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to a PCI different from that of the serving cell and the resources of the different PCI. (2) The UE performs beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to the different PCI and reports the beam measurement results to the serving cell. (3) Based on the above report, the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state associated with the TRP corresponding to the different PCI is activated by L1 / L2 signaling from the serving cell. (4) The UE transmits and receives using UE-dedicated channels on the TRP corresponding to the different PCI. (5) The UE must always cover the serving cell, including in the case of multiple TRPs. As in conventional systems, the UE must use common channels from the serving cell, such as the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) and the Paging Channel (PCH).

[0096] In Scenario 1, when the UE transmits and receives signals to and from an additional cell / TRP (a TRP corresponding to the PCI of the additional cell), the serving cell (the serving cell assumption in the UE) is not changed. The UE is configured with higher layer parameters related to the PCI of non-serving cells from the serving cell. Scenario 1 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 17.

[0097] An additional cell is a cell with an additional PCI that is different from the PCI of the serving cell. The UE can receive / transmit UE-dedicated channels from the additional cell. The UE needs to be within the coverage of the serving cell to receive UE common channels (e.g., system information / paging / short messages). When the UE moves out of the coverage of the serving cell, a cell change is required, such as by handover (also called L3 mobility).

[0098] <Scenario 2> In scenario 2, L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility is applied. With L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility, the serving cell can be changed using functions such as beam control without RRC reconfiguration. In other words, transmission and reception with an additional cell is possible without handover. Since handover requires RRC reconnection, which results in a period when data communication is unavailable, by applying L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility that does not require handover, data communication can be continued even when the serving cell is changed. Scenario 2 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 18. In scenario 2, for example, the following procedure is performed.

[0099] (1) The UE receives SSB configuration for a cell with a different PCI (additional cell) from the serving cell for beam measurement / serving cell change. (2) The UE performs beam measurement for the cell using the different PCI and reports the measurement results to the serving cell. (3) The UE may receive the configuration for the cell with a different PCI (serving cell configuration) via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC). That is, pre-configuration for the serving cell change may be performed. This configuration may be performed together with or separately from the configuration in (1). (4) Based on the above report, the TCI state of the cell with a different PCI may be activated via L1 / L2 signaling in accordance with the serving cell change. The activation of the TCI state and the serving cell change may be performed separately. (5) The UE changes the serving cell (assumed serving cell) and starts reception / transmission using the pre-configured UE-dedicated channel and TCI state.

[0100] That is, in Scenario 2, the serving cell (the serving cell assumed by the UE) is updated by L1 / L2 signaling. Scenario 2 may be applied in Rel. 18.

[0101] In the present disclosure, the terms cell group, serving cell group, master cell group (MCG), and secondary cell group (SCG) may be interchangeable. L1 / L2, L1 / L2 signaling, and DCI / MAC CE may be interchangeable. A serving cell may be replaced with a cell that transmits a PDSCH. A candidate cell may refer to a cell that is a candidate to become a serving cell through L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility. L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) and L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility may be interchangeable.

[0102] In an extension of Rel. 18 LTM, the UE may be configured to report L1 measurement values ​​of multiple cells, where the corresponding cell IDs and SSB locations may be configured for measurement and reporting.

[0103] Such configuration signaling is dedicated to the LTM function and is configured using the LTM candidate configuration (e.g., the RRC parameter LTM-Candidate).

[0104] After configuring the LTM candidate, the UE may perform LTM-related procedures.

[0105] (Measurement Prediction) In future wireless communication systems (Rel. 19 and later), the introduction of Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction in the spatial domain / temporal domain / frequency domain using AI / ML models is being considered.

[0106] The RRM measurement prediction may be a prediction of the result of the RRM measurement using an AI / ML model based on the RRM measurement result. The result obtained by the prediction may be called a predicted result.

[0107] In RRM measurement prediction in the frequency domain (which may simply be referred to as frequency domain prediction), predictions for one cell / band (which may be referred to as cell / band #2, for example) may be made based on measurement results for another cell / band (which may be referred to as cell / band #1, for example).

[0108] In frequency domain prediction, at least one of the following cases F1 to F3 is assumed: - Case F1: From a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) in cell / band #1, a beam-level prediction result (e.g., L1-RSRP) for cell / band #2 is output. - Case F2: From a cell-level measurement result (e.g., L3-RSRP) in cell / band #1, a cell-level prediction result (e.g., L3-RSRP) for cell / band #2 is output. - Case F3: From a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) in cell / band #1, a cell-level prediction result (e.g., L3-RSRP) for cell / band #2 is output.

[0109] 10 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case F1. In the example shown in FIG. 10, first, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N certain cells (cell #F1-1 to cell #F1-N) at a certain time (slot T) are input to an AI / ML model, and beam-level L1-RSRP of N other cells (cell #F2-1 to cell #F2-N) at the certain time are output / predicted. Then, consolidation and L3 filtering are performed on the output, and cell-level L3-RSRP of the N other cells at the certain time is output.

[0110] 11 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case F2. In the example shown in FIG. 11, first, consolidation and L3 filtering are performed on beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N certain cells (cell #F1-1 to cell #F1-N) at a certain time (slot T), and beam-level L3-RSRP of the certain N cells is output. Then, the output is input to an AI / ML model, and cell-level L3-RSRP of N other cells (cell #F2-1 to cell #F2-N) at the certain time is output / predicted.

[0111] Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case F3. In the example shown in Fig. 12, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N cells (cells #F1-1 to #F1-N) at a certain time (slot T) are input to the AI / ML model, and cell-level L3-RSRP of N other cells (cells #F2-1 to #F2-N) at the same time are output / predicted.

[0112] In at least one of cases F1 to F3, the measurement result and the prediction result (and the integration / L3 filtering result) correspond to the same time (both are T), but this is merely an example. In other words, the measurement result and the prediction result (and the integration / L3 filtering result) may correspond to different times.

[0113] In RRM measurement prediction in the time domain (which may simply be referred to as time domain prediction), a prediction at another time may be made based on a measurement result at a certain time.

[0114] In time-domain prediction, a prediction case (Case A) is assumed in which the measurement period between input and output is the same. In Case A, prediction may be made in a prediction window based on measurements in an observation / measurement period (which may also be called a window).

[0115] In the present disclosure, the terms observation period, measurement period, observation window, measurement window, observation period, measurement period, observation window, measurement window, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms prediction period, prediction window, prediction period, prediction window, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0116] For case A, at least one of the following cases TA1 to TA3 is assumed: Case TA1: A beam-level prediction result (e.g., L1-RSRP) for the prediction window is output from a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) for the observation window. Case TA2: A cell-level prediction result (e.g., L3-RSRP) for the prediction window is output from a cell-level measurement result (e.g., L3-RSRP) for the observation window. Case TA3: A cell-level prediction result (e.g., L3-RSRP) for the prediction window is output from a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) for the observation window.

[0117] 13 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case TA1. In the example shown in FIG. 13, first, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at each of a certain time (e.g., slots T-2nk, T-nk, and T (nk may mean the measurement period)) are input to an AI / ML model, and beam-level L1-RSRP of the N cells at each of another time (e.g., slots T+nk, T+2nk, ..., T+mnk (m is an arbitrary integer)) is output / predicted. Then, consolidation and L3 filtering are performed on the output, and cell-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at each of the other times is output.

[0118] 14 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case TA2. In the example shown in FIG. 14, first, consolidation and L3 filtering are performed on beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at each of a certain time (e.g., slots T-2nk, T-nk, and T), and beam-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at each of the certain times is output. The output is then input to an AI / ML model, and cell-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at each of other times (e.g., slots T+nk, T+2nk, ..., T+mnk (m is an arbitrary integer)) is output / predicted.

[0119] 15 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case TA3. In the example shown in FIG. 15, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at a certain time (e.g., slots T-2nk, T-nk, and T (nk may mean the measurement period)) are input to the AI / ML model, and cell-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at another time (e.g., slots T+nk, T+2nk, ..., T+mnk (m is an arbitrary integer)) is output / predicted.

[0120] Note that for at least one of cases TA1 to TA3, the times corresponding to the measurement results and prediction results (and integration / L3 filtering results) are merely examples. Also, the number of times corresponding to samples before and after input / output (L1-RSRP) and the measurement period are merely examples.

[0121] Furthermore, in time-domain prediction, a prediction case (Case B) is considered in which the time density of measurement instances (which may also be called measurement density) is reduced. In Case B, based on input measured instances (measurement instances), predicted instances (prediction instances) may be output. The predicted instances may complement the measurement instances in a certain period.

[0122] In this disclosure, a reduced measurement density may refer to a density that is less than a specific measurement density (e.g., required for generating an L3 measurement). In this disclosure, the specific density may be referred to as a first density, and the reduced density may be referred to as a second density.

[0123] For case B, at least one of the following cases TB1 to TB3 is assumed: Case TB1: A beam-level prediction result (e.g., L1-RSRP) of a first density is output from a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) of a second density. Case TB2: A cell-level prediction result (e.g., L3-RSRP) of a first density is output from a cell-level measurement result (e.g., L3-RSRP) of a second density. Case TB3: A cell-level prediction result (e.g., L3-RSRP) of a first density is output from a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) of a second density.

[0124] 16 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case TB1. In the example shown in FIG. 16, first, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at each of a certain time (e.g., slots T-2nk, T-nk, and T (nk may mean the measurement period)) are input into an AI / ML model, and beam-level L1-RSRP of the N cells at each of other times (e.g., slots T+k, T+2k, ..., T+(n-1)k) is output / predicted. Then, consolidation and L3 filtering are performed on the output, and cell-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at each of the other times is output.

[0125] 17 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case TB2. In the example shown in FIG. 17, first, consolidation and L3 filtering are performed on the beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at each of a certain time (e.g., slots T-2nk, T-nk, and T), and the beam-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at each of the certain times is output. Then, the output is input to an AI / ML model, and the cell-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at each of other times (e.g., slots T+k, T+2k, ..., T+(n-1)k) is output / predicted.

[0126] 18 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for Case TB3. In the example shown in FIG. 18, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at each of certain times (e.g., slots T-2nk, T-nk, and T (nk may mean the measurement period)) are input to the AI / ML model, and cell-level L3-RSRP of the N cells at each of other times (e.g., slots T+k, T+2k, ..., T+(n-1)k) is output / predicted.

[0127] Note that for at least one of cases TB1 to TB3, the times corresponding to the measurement results and prediction results (and integration / L3 filtering results) are merely examples. Also, the number of times corresponding to samples before and after input / output (L1-RSRP) and the measurement period are merely examples.

[0128] In RRM measurement prediction in the spatial domain (which may simply be referred to as spatial domain prediction), predictions for multiple beams (e.g., more than some beams, dense beams, or all beams) may be made based on measurement results for some beams (e.g., sparse beams).

[0129] In this disclosure, the portion of the beams may be referred to as a first beam, and the plurality of beams may be referred to as a second beam.

[0130] In spatial domain prediction, at least one of the following cases S1 and S3 is assumed: Case S1: A beam-level prediction result (e.g., L1-RSRP) for a second beam is output from a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) for a first beam. Case S3: A cell-level prediction result (e.g., L3-RSRP) for a second beam is output from a beam-level measurement result (e.g., L1-RSRP) for a first beam.

[0131] 19 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for case S1. In the example shown in FIG. 19, first, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) for a first beam of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at a certain time (slot T) are input to an AI / ML model, and beam-level L1-RSRP for a second beam of the N cells at the certain time is output / predicted. Then, consolidation and L3 filtering are performed on the output, and cell-level L3-RSRP for the second beam of the N cells at the certain time is output.

[0132] Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of measurement prediction for Case S3. In the example shown in Fig. 20, beam-level measurement results (L1-RSRP) for the first beam of N cells (cell #1 to cell #N) at a certain time (slot T) are input to the AI / ML model, and cell-level L3-RSRP for the second beam of the N cells at the certain time is output / predicted.

[0133] In at least one of cases S1 and S3, the times corresponding to the measurement result and the prediction result (and the integration / L3 filtering result) are the same (both are T), but this is merely an example. In other words, the times corresponding to the measurement result and the prediction result (and the integration / L3 filtering result) may be different times.

[0134] (Analysis) As described above, in future wireless communication systems (Rel. 19 and later), it is being considered to introduce RRM measurement prediction / beam prediction using an AI / ML model.

[0135] The RRM measurement prediction includes RRM measurement prediction in frequency / time / space domains, in which the UE derives L3 measurement results (including beam merging / beam selection) based on the measurement / prediction results.

[0136] However, detailed methods for deriving L3 measurement results have not been sufficiently considered. More specifically, it is possible that measurement results and prediction results from RRM measurements in different domains are mixed, but the details of how to derive L3 measurement results for such cases are unclear. Furthermore, measurement and prediction may have different characteristics, such as error distribution / level and reliability, but the details of these are unclear.

[0137] If these considerations are not sufficient, it may be impossible to properly implement the operations / regulations related to L3 RRM measurement prediction, and it may be impossible to realize highly efficient and reliable measurement prediction, which may inhibit the improvement of communication throughput / communication quality using AI / ML models.

[0138] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a method to solve these problems, more specifically, UE behavior / regulations regarding RRM measurement prediction in each domain.

[0139] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0140] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0141] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0142] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0143] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0144] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, Life Cycle Management (LCM) signaling, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0145] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0146] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0147] In the present disclosure, the terms drop, abort, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, do not transmit, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0148] In the present disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0149] In the present disclosure, the terms panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relation group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, Quasi-Co-Location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

[0150] In the present disclosure, the terms AI / ML model, AI model, functionality, model, module, entity, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0151] In the present disclosure, the terms L1 measurement and L1 measurement value may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0152] In this disclosure, the L1 measurement is taken at point A or A １ It may also mean a measurement (value) at

[0153] In this disclosure, L1 measurements may refer to one or more measurements per resource / RS (e.g., CSI-RS resource / SSB) / beam.

[0154] In the present disclosure, the L1 measurement result / target / metric may be, for example, the measured RSRP / RSRQ / SINR.

[0155] In the present disclosure, L1 measurement report, L1 report, L1 measurement result report, L1 measurement result report, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0156] In the present disclosure, the terms L3 (cell level / beam level) measurement and L3 (cell level / beam level) measurement value may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0157] In this disclosure, L3 cell level measurements may refer to measurements (values) at points B or C described above.

[0158] In this disclosure, L3 cell level measurements may refer to one or more cell-specific or cell-specific measurements.

[0159] In the present disclosure, L3 cell level measurements may be derived / calculated from one or more L1 measurement results by performing specific operations (e.g., consolidation / selection / filtering) on ​​the L1 measurement results.

[0160] In the present disclosure, the result / target / metric of the L3 cell level measurement may be, for example, the measured RSRP / RSRQ / SINR.

[0161] In the present disclosure, the L3 cell level measurement may include at least one of an L3 unfiltered cell level measurement and an L3 filtered cell level measurement. In the present disclosure, the L3 cell level measurement, the L3 unfiltered cell level measurement, and the L3 filtered cell level measurement may be interchangeable. The L3 unfiltered cell level measurement and the L3 filtered cell level measurement may be measurements at points B and C, respectively.

[0162] In this disclosure, the L3 beam level measurement may refer to the measurement (value) at point E or F above.

[0163] In this disclosure, L3 beam level measurements may refer to one or more measurements per resource / RS (e.g., CSI-RS resource / SSB) / beam.

[0164] In the present disclosure, L3 beam level measurements may be derived / calculated from L1 measurements (values) by performing specific operations (e.g., integration / selection / filtering), or may be derived / determined by measuring specific metrics / indicators (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR).

[0165] In this disclosure, L3 cell level measurements and L3 beam level measurements may be simply referred to as L3 measurements.

[0166] In the present disclosure, L3 measurement report, L3 report, L3 measurement result report, L3 measurement result report, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0167] In the present disclosure, the measurement result, reception quality, (L1 / L3-)RSRP, (L1 / L3-)RSRQ, and (L1 / L3-)SINR may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0168] In the present disclosure, L1, L3, and L1 / L3 may be interpreted as appropriate.

[0169] In this disclosure, beam-level results may refer to results on a beam-by-beam basis. In this disclosure, cell-level results may refer to results on a cell-by-cell basis.

[0170] In the present disclosure, the terms generate, derive, output, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0171] In the present disclosure, [measured / predicted] instance, [measured / predicted] sample, [measured / predicted] RS, [measured / predicted] result, [measured / predicted] RSRP, [measured / predicted] RSRQ, [measured / predicted] SINR, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0172] In the present disclosure, frequency domain beam prediction may mean that a UE / NW uses an AI / ML model to output beam quality in one band / cell / frequency based on input of a measurement result (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) based on a beam in another band / cell / frequency. In the present disclosure, band, cell, frequency, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0173] In the present disclosure, temporal (domain) beam prediction may mean that the UE / NW utilizes an AI / ML model to output future beam quality based on input of time series (past, present, etc.) measurements.

[0174] In the present disclosure, spatial domain beam prediction may mean that the UE / NW utilizes an AI / ML model to output a second density / width (e.g., dense (or thin / narrow)) beam quality based on input of measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) based on a first density / width (e.g., sparse (or thick / wide)) beam.

[0175] In this disclosure, a sparse (or thick / wide) beam may refer to a beam (pattern) that is sparsely distributed in the spatial / angular domain, and a dense (or thin / narrow) beam may refer to a beam (pattern) that is densely distributed in the spatial / angular domain.

[0176] In the present disclosure, the terms prediction target, set A, RS set A, RSs of set A, resource set A, resources of set A, set of RSs for prediction / reporting, etc. may be read interchangeably and may refer to a specific set / group of RSs / resources. The UE may predict / report measurement results of resources / RSs in set A.

[0177] In the present disclosure, the terms set, list, bitmap, group, pool, table, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0178] In the present disclosure, measurement and measurement / reporting may be read interchangeably, and prediction and prediction / reporting may be read interchangeably.

[0179] In the present disclosure, the terms measurement, measured value, measurement result, measurement information, etc. may be interchangeable. Also, in the present disclosure, the terms prediction, predicted value, prediction result, prediction information, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0180] In the present disclosure, the terms beam, RS, resource, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms beam measurement, measurement beam, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms beam prediction, predicted beam, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0181] In the present disclosure, beam prediction, RRM measurement prediction, L3 RRM measurement prediction, L3 beam prediction, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, spatial domain, time domain, and frequency domain may be interchangeable.

[0182] In the present disclosure, prediction / measurement / reporting with L3 may refer to prediction / measurement / reporting at Layer 3 (MAC layer).

[0183] In this disclosure, N beams (N is any number) may be referred to as N beams.

[0184] In the present disclosure, a measurement result may be a value derived based on / according to a UE performing a measurement on a resource / object that is configured / instructed / specified.

[0185] For example, the UE may follow at least one of the existing measurement methods (defined up to Rel. 18). For example, the measurement results may be measured on resources / objects configured in the UE and may be measured at specific points (e.g., point A (e.g., measured on resource) / point A) as described above according to the specifications. １ (measured at the resource and derived by the UE) / Point B (derived according to the specification) / Point C (derived according to the specification) / Point E (derived according to the specification)).

[0186] In the present disclosure, the prediction result may be a value derived by the UE by an activated model / functionality, which may be interpreted as an [RRM] measurement prediction model / function, a [space / time / frequency domain] measurement prediction model / function, a [report of] a [space / time / frequency domain] measurement prediction model / function, an [RRM] model / function for measurement prediction, a [space / time / frequency domain] measurement prediction model / function, a [report of] a [space / time / frequency domain] measurement prediction model / function, etc.

[0187] For example, the UE may １ The prediction results may be derived using models / functions for the B / C / E. The prediction results may be beam-level prediction results or cell-level prediction results.

[0188] In the present disclosure, an [RRM] measurement report may include / indicate at least one of a measurement result, a prediction result, and a result derived by the UE based on the measurement result / prediction result.

[0189] For example, the UE may derive measurement reports at the above-mentioned specific points (e.g., points C / D / F), and the derivation of the measurement reports may follow at least one of existing specifications (e.g., those defined up to Rel. 18) based on measurement results and measurement / prediction results described in the present disclosure.

[0190] (Radio communication method) A UE may perform L1 measurements. The L1 measurements may be performed based on a set A. The UE may receive a configuration related to the set A.

[0191] The UE may perform L3 beam prediction using an AI model (e.g., a UE-side model), which may be performed based on the results of the L1 measurements and set B. The UE may receive a configuration for set B.

[0192] The UE may transmit a report regarding the prediction RS (e.g., a report including the prediction RS index and the prediction result (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR)) based on the L3 beam prediction (and set B).

[0193] The UE may be configured with settings (RRC parameters) corresponding to at least one of the following embodiments. The UE may apply (switch) each embodiment based on the settings.

[0194] The configuration may indicate, for example, one or more of a time domain RRM measurement prediction, a spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and a frequency domain RRM measurement prediction.

[0195] The UE may also perform operations related to one or more of time domain RRM measurement prediction, spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and frequency domain RRM measurement prediction, based on the implementation of the UE.

[0196] First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to temporal domain RRM measurement prediction.

[0197] The first embodiment is roughly divided into embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3. The UE may apply at least one of the embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 alone, or may apply at least two of the embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 in combination.

[0198] The UE may perform combining and L3 filtering on the measurement and / or prediction results. In the present disclosure, combining may mean combining different types of results into one result.

[0199] <<Embodiment 1-1>> The UE may combine the measurement results and the prediction results. The UE may generate a combined sequence / result (which may be referred to as a combined result / combined sequence, etc.). The combined result may be generated based on the measurement results and the prediction results.

[0200] The UE may apply L3 filtering to the combined result.

[0201] For example, a specific point (e.g., point A １ / B), the beam level results or cell level results for each beam may be combined.

[0202] For example, in the above-mentioned case A (for example, a case in which a first number (for example, N1) of measurements are followed by a second number (for example, N2) of predictions, and the measurement period is equal to the prediction period), the combined result R ｎ may be determined based on at least one of a measurement result, a prediction result, a number of measurements (e.g., N1), and a number of predictions (e.g., N2).

[0203] For example, in the above case A, the combined result R ｎ may be expressed by the following formula 1. (Formula 1)

[0204] Here, M ｎ may be a measurement result. ｎ may be the prediction result, and n may be the (temporal) index of the sample / instance.

[0205] N1 may be a specific value (eg, 0) in special cases (eg, when all outcomes are predicted).

[0206] For example, in case B above (e.g., measurement is performed in the first period (e.g., P １) and prediction is performed in the second period (e.g., P ２ , for example, P １ = N * P ２ In the case where the combination is performed in (N may be an integer), the combination result R ｎ may be determined based on at least one of the measurement results, the prediction results, and a number (e.g., N) of measurement / prediction periods.

[0207] For example, in the above case B, the combined result R ｎ may be expressed by the following formula 2. (Formula 2)

[0208] M ｎ and P ｎ is the same as in case A above.

[0209] The formulas for deriving the combination results shown in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to these.

[0210] In case B, the UE receives the combined result (R ｎ ) may use common parameters (e.g., the same parameters as those specified up to Rel. 18) for L3 filtering. For example, the UE may use the combined result (R ｎ ) for layer 3 filtering, forgetting factor a = (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ）／４ may also be used.

[0211] Here, k_i may be a specified / set / commanded value and may be used for both measured and predicted results.

[0212] In the present disclosure, x ｙ may be written as x_y.

[0213] Also, in case B, the UE receives the combined result (R ｎ ) may use multiple (different) parameters for L3 filtering. For example, the UE may use multiple (different) parameters for L3 filtering of the combined result (R ｎ ) is the measurement result (M ｎ ), for layer 3 filtering, the first forgetting factor a １ = (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ１）／４For example, the UE may use the combined result (R ｎ ) is the predicted result (P ｎ ), for layer 3 filtering, the second forgetting factor a ２ = (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ２）／４ may also be used.

[0214] Here, k_i1 and k_i2 may be specified / set / instructed values.

[0215] The UE receives the combined result (R ｎ ) is the measurement result (M ｎ ), the first forgetting factor a １ The UE may perform L3 filtering using the combined result (R ｎ ) is the predicted result (P ｎ ), the second forgetting factor a ２ For example, the UE may perform L3 filtering using a first forgetting factor and a second forgetting factor based on the following Equation 3:

[0216] Here, F ｎ may mean the join result is updated and filtered. ｎ－１ may refer to the old (pre-update) filtered join result.

[0217] For example, k_i2 may be determined based on k_i1. For example, k_i2 may be a function of k_i1 (e.g., k ｉ２ = f(k ｉ１ )).

[0218] For example, k ｉ２ = max (k ｉ１ −x, l) (l may be, for example, 0).

[0219] For example, k ｉ２ = min(k ｉ１ +x, m) (where m may be, for example, 20).

[0220] For example, k ｉ２ = k ｉ１ It may be shown as:

[0221] k ｉ１ and k ｉ２ and at least one of the corresponding parameters (at least one of x, l, and m above) may be specified / set / indicated.

[0222] The UE is k ｉ１ and k ｉ２ If at least one of is not set / indicated, certain default values ​​may be used.

[0223] The UE is k ｉ２ A specific value (for example, 0) may be set / instructed for ｉ２ may be specified as a specific value (e.g., 0). The UE may use a layer filter (L3 filter) only for the measurement results.

[0224] According to embodiment 1-1, L3 filtering is performed on the combined result based on the measurement result / prediction result, thereby making it possible to perform appropriate L3 RRM measurement prediction.

[0225] <<Embodiment 1-2>> The UE may use only the prediction results produced by the model / functionality.

[0226] The UE may generate a prediction (even if measurements are available) and apply an L3 filter to the prediction.

[0227] According to the first and second embodiments, L3 filtering is performed on the prediction results, thereby making it possible to appropriately perform L3 RRM measurement prediction.

[0228] <<Embodiment 1-3>> The UE may apply the L3 filter to the measurement results and the prediction results separately, and then combine the filtered results.

[0229] The UE may use multiple (different) parameters for L3 filtering of the measured and predicted results, respectively. For example, the UE may use multiple (different) parameters for L3 filtering of the measured and predicted results, respectively. ｎ ) for Layer 3 filtering, the first forgetting factor a １ = (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ１）／４For example, the UE may use the prediction result (P ｎ ) for Layer 3 filtering, the second forgetting factor a ２ = (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ２）／４ may also be used.

[0230] Here, k_i1 and k_i2 may be specified / set / instructed values.

[0231] The UE receives the measurement results (M ｎ ) with the first forgetting factor a １ The UE may perform L3 filtering using the prediction result (P ｎ ) with the second forgetting factor a ２ L3 filtering may be performed using

[0232] For example, k_i2 may be determined based on k_i1. For example, k_i2 may be a function of k_i1 (e.g., k ｉ２ = f(k ｉ１ )).

[0233] For example, k ｉ２ = max (k ｉ１ −x, l) (l may be, for example, 0).

[0234] For example, k ｉ２ = min(k ｉ１ +x, m) (where m may be, for example, 20).

[0235] For example, k ｉ２ = k ｉ１ It may be shown as:

[0236] k ｉ１ and k ｉ２ and at least one of the corresponding parameters (at least one of x, l, and m above) may be specified / set / indicated.

[0237] The UE is k ｉ１ and k ｉ２ If at least one of is not set / indicated, certain default values ​​may be used.

[0238] The UE is k ｉ２A specific value (for example, 0) may be set / instructed for ｉ２ may be specified as a specific value (e.g., 0). The UE may use a layer filter (L3 filter) only for the measurement results.

[0239] The UE may combine the measurement and prediction results after L3 filtering and report based on / according to the combined result / combined sequence.

[0240] For example, the UE may perform L3 filtering using the first forgetting factor and the second forgetting factor based on the following Equation 4:

[0241] Here, F ｎ （Ｍ） may refer to the updated and filtered measurement results for the measurement results. ｎ－１ （Ｍ） may refer to the old (pre-update) filtered measurement for the measurement.

[0242] Here, F ｎ （Ｐ） may refer to the updated and filtered prediction results for the prediction results. ｎ－１ （Ｐ） may refer to the old (pre-update) filtered prediction result for the prediction result.

[0243] For example, in case A above, the updated and filtered join result F ｎ is F ｎ （Ｍ） , F ｎ （Ｐ） , may be determined based on at least one of a measurement number (e.g., N1) and a prediction number (e.g., N2).

[0244] For example, in case A above, the updated and filtered join result F ｎ may be expressed by the following formula 5. (Formula 5)

[0245] Here, N1 and N2 may be the same as in the above embodiment 1-1.

[0246] For example, in case B above, the updated and filtered join result F ｎ is F ｎ （Ｍ） , F ｎ （Ｐ） , and the number of measurement periods / prediction periods (e.g., N).

[0247] For example, in case B above, the updated and filtered join result F ｎ may be expressed by the following formula 6. (Formula 6)

[0248] Here, N may be the same as in the above embodiment 1-1.

[0249] According to the first to third embodiments, L3 filtering is performed separately on the measurement results and the prediction results, thereby making it possible to appropriately perform L3 RRM measurement prediction.

[0250] As described above, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to appropriately define RRM measurement prediction in the time domain.

[0251] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to spatial domain RRM measurement prediction.

[0252] The second embodiment is roughly divided into embodiments 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3. The UE may apply at least one of the embodiments 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 alone, or may apply at least two of the embodiments 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 in combination.

[0253] <<Embodiment 2-1>> In embodiment 2-1, (for example, point A １ 2. The beam consolidation / selection (from point A to point B) is described.

[0254] The UE may select multiple beam level results from the measurement and prediction results.

[0255] <<<Embodiment 2-1-1>>> The UE may select up to a certain number (e.g., N) of beam-level results from both the measurement results and the prediction results. The UE may average the selected results [in a linear / dB scale] to derive cell-level measurement results.

[0256] <<<<Embodiment 2-1-2>>> The UE receives at least a first number (for example, N ｍ Up to a second number (e.g., N) of beam level results may be selected, including the first (e.g., N) results.

[0257] The N and N ｍ At least one of may be specified / configured / instructed.

[0258] For example, the UE may determine that point A is １ , and average the selected results (on a linear / dB scale). ｍ The measurement results may include:

[0259] In the above-mentioned embodiments 2-1-1 / 2-1-2, N does not have to be set / indicated.

[0260] In this case, the UE may select the maximum result (e.g., maximum RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) from the measurement results and prediction results.

[0261] In this case, the UE may also select [only] the maximum result (for example, maximum RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) from among the measurement results (or prediction results).

[0262] In embodiment 2-1, for example, point A １ From point A to point B, beam combining / selection can be performed appropriately.

[0263] <<Embodiment 2-2>> In embodiment 2-2, (for example, point A １ We will now explain L3 [beam] filtering (from point A to point E).

[0264] The UE may apply an L3 filter to the results of each beam level (perform L3 filtering).

[0265] The UE may also apply an L3 filter (perform L3 filtering) separately to the measurement results and the prediction results.

[0266] The UE may use multiple (different) parameters for L3 filtering of the measured and predicted results, respectively. For example, the UE may use multiple (different) parameters for L3 filtering of the measured and predicted results, respectively. ｎ ) for Layer 3 filtering, the first forgetting factor a １ = (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ１）／４ For example, the UE may use the prediction result (P ｎ ) for Layer 3 filtering, the second forgetting factor a ２ = (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ２）／４ may also be used.

[0267] Here, k_i1 and k_i2 may be specified / set / instructed values.

[0268] The UE applies a first forgetting factor a to the beam level measurement result. １ The UE may also perform L3 filtering using a second forgetting factor a ２ L3 filtering may be performed using

[0269] For example, k_i2 may be determined based on k_i1. For example, k_i2 may be a function of k_i1 (e.g., k ｉ２ = f(k ｉ１ )).

[0270] For example, k ｉ２ = max (k ｉ１ −x, l) (l may be, for example, 0).

[0271] For example, k ｉ２ = min(k ｉ１ +x, m) (where m may be, for example, 20).

[0272] For example, k ｉ２ = k ｉ１ It may be shown as:

[0273] k ｉ１ and kｉ２ and at least one of the corresponding parameters (at least one of x, l, and m above) may be specified / set / indicated.

[0274] The UE is k ｉ１ and k ｉ２ If at least one of is not set / indicated, certain default values ​​may be used.

[0275] The UE is k ｉ２ A specific value (for example, 0) may be set / instructed for ｉ２ may be specified as a specific value (e.g., 0). The UE may use a layer filter (L3 filter) only for the measurement results.

[0276] According to embodiment 2-2, for example, point A １ L3 [beam] filtering from point E can be performed appropriately.

[0277] <<Embodiment 2-3>> In embodiment 2-2, selection of a reporting beam (for example, from point E to point F) will be described.

[0278] The UE may report up to a certain number (eg, N′) of beam-level results selected from the measurement / prediction results.

[0279] The UE receives a number equal to or less than the specific number (N′) (for example, N ｍ ' beam level measurements may be reported.

[0280] The N' and N ｍ ' may be specified / set / indicated.

[0281] According to embodiment 2-3, for example, a reporting beam from point E to point F can be appropriately selected.

[0282] As described above, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to appropriately define RRM measurement prediction in the spatial domain.

[0283] Third Embodiment The third embodiment relates to frequency domain RRM measurement prediction.

[0284] The model / function may be used to output measurement results (prediction results) for a first cell / band (e.g., cell / band #1, which may also be called target cell / band), and the UE may also use measurement results for a second cell / band (e.g., cell / band #2, which may also be called assistant cell / band) that is configured / instructed for L3 filtering.

[0285] For example, the UE may perform L3 filtering based on the measurement and prediction results. For example, the UE may use multiple parameters (e.g., forgetting factors a and b) for L3 filtering.

[0286] For example, the UE may perform L3 filtering using a method based on both measurements and predictions.

[0287] For example, the UE may use the following Equation 7 for the L3 filtering:

[0288] Here, P ｎ M may be the predicted result for the target cell / band. ｎ may be the measurement result of the assistant cell.

[0289] The first forgetting factor a is (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ１）／４ The second forgetting factor b may be (1 / 2) （ｋ＿ｉ２）／４ may be.

[0290] F ｎ may represent the measurement results that are updated and filtered. ｎ－１ may refer to the old (pre-update) filtered measurement.

[0291] Here, the offset values ​​k_i1 and k_i2 may be specified / set / instructed values.

[0292] For example, k_i2 may be determined based on k_i1. For example, k_i2 may be a function of k_i1 (e.g., k ｉ２ = f(k ｉ１ )).

[0293] For example, k ｉ２ = max (k ｉ１ −x, l) (l may be, for example, 0).

[0294] For example, k ｉ２ = min(k ｉ１ +x, m) (where m may be, for example, 20).

[0295] For example, k ｉ２ = k ｉ１ It may be shown as:

[0296] k ｉ１ and k ｉ２ and at least one of the corresponding parameters (at least one of x, l, and m above) may be specified / set / indicated.

[0297] The UE is k ｉ１ and k ｉ２ If at least one of is not set / indicated, certain default values ​​may be used.

[0298] The UE is k ｉ２ A specific value (for example, 0) may be set / instructed for ｉ２ may be specified as a specific value (e.g., 0). The UE may use a layer filter (L3 filter) only for the measurement results.

[0299] The UE may not assume / expect a and b to be set / indicated to satisfy a particular condition (e.g., a+b>1).

[0300] k ｉ１ or k ｉ２ If a is a first value (eg, 0), then at least one of a and b may be a second value (eg, 0).

[0301] The UE may not assume / expect to be configured / instructed to report beam-level measurement results for cells / bands corresponding to the predicted results in certain cases. The UE may not report beam-level measurement results for cells / bands corresponding to the predicted results in certain cases.

[0302] The specific case may be, for example, at least one of the following: - A case where inter-frequency prediction is not available for beam level prediction; - A case where inter-frequency beam level prediction is not configured / instructed / specified; - A case where the UE is configured / instructed / specified not to acquire / use measurement results; - A case where the UE is not configured / instructed / specified to acquire / use measurement results.

[0303] For example, the UE may not assume / expect to be configured / instructed to report beam level measurement results for the cell / band corresponding to the predicted results if, in that particular case, a model / function for beam level measurement prediction is not activated and / or the UE does not report capabilities for that model / function.

[0304] For example, the UE may report derived cell-level measurements in that particular case.

[0305] The measurement result may be derived, for example, based on the specified / configured / instructed procedures / parameters from point B / C to point D. The UE may then use the predicted result as the cell quality at point B / C.

[0306] 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of L3 RRM measurement prediction in the third embodiment. In the example illustrated in FIG. 21, the UE １ The UE does not perform the procedure above (P211). The UE directly uses the output of the AI / ML model (cell-level prediction result) as the input for point B.

[0307] In the example shown in FIG. 21, the UE is located at point A. １ It is not expected / assumed that the procedure from point A to point E / F will be set up (P212).

[0308] According to the third embodiment, it is possible to appropriately define RRM measurement prediction in the frequency domain.

[0309] Fourth Embodiment The fourth embodiment relates to training a model.

[0310] The model training according to this embodiment may be applied to at least one of the first to third embodiments described above.

[0311] The model to be trained in this embodiment may be a model used for at least one of the RRM measurement predictions of each domain according to the first to third embodiments described above.

[0312] <<Embodiment 4-1>> The model may be trained on the UE-side (terminal side) or on a UE-side dataset.

[0313] The UE may report certain information.

[0314] The particular information may be reported, for example, using at least one of the following: UE capability information reporting, data set transfer / delivery, and data collection procedures.

[0315] The specific information may include, for example, information regarding at least one of the following: Model / functional assumptions for L3 filters / beam combining / selection. Recommended parameters for L3 filters / beam combining / selection.

[0316] The information regarding the assumptions of the model / function for the L3 filter / beam combining / selection may include information indicating whether or not the procedure / corresponding parameters have been implemented by the model / function [for each prediction domain].

[0317] The recommended parameters for L3 filter / beam combining / selection may be, for example, information about the model / functions that are recommended to be used / applied to the UE.

[0318] The UE may not assume / expect to be configured / instructed / informed of parameters for L3 filtering / beam merging / selection that are incompatible with the reported parameters.

[0319] <<Embodiment 4-2>> The model may be trained on the network (NW, for example, base station / TRP) side (NW-side) or on a NW-side dataset.

[0320] The UE may receive specific information.

[0321] The particular information may be transmitted, for example, using at least one of the following: transfer / distribution of models / model parameters / data sets and data collection procedures.

[0322] The specific information may include, for example, information regarding model / functional assumptions for L3 filters / beam combining / selection.

[0323] The information regarding the assumptions of the model / function for the L3 filter / beam combining / selection may include information indicating whether or not the procedure / corresponding parameters have been implemented by the model / function [for each prediction domain].

[0324] The UE may not assume / expect to be configured / instructed / informed of parameters for L3 filtering / beam merging / selection that are incompatible with the received parameters.

[0325] According to the fourth embodiment, model training can be appropriately performed when applying the first to third embodiments.

[0326] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, LCM signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0327] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0328] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0329] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0330] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0331] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0332] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0333] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0334] <<Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS. - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported. - The application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0335] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above embodiments. Supporting spatial domain beam-level / cell-level measurement prediction (prediction of L3 cell-level / beam-level measurements). Maximum number of cells / beams for L3 cell-level / beam-level measurement prediction (the number may include the number of inputs / outputs). Supporting time domain RRM measurement prediction. Supporting spatial domain RRM measurement prediction. Supporting frequency domain RRM measurement prediction.

[0336] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0337] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0338] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0339] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes with respect to one embodiment (e.g., the first embodiment) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives a configuration indicating any of time-domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction, spatial-domain RRM measurement prediction, and frequency-domain RRM measurement prediction, and a control unit that, when the configuration indicates the time-domain RRM measurement prediction, controls combining and performing Layer 3 filtering on measurement results and prediction results based on the time-domain RRM measurement prediction. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein, when the configuration indicates the spatial-domain RRM measurement prediction, the control unit selects multiple beam-level results from the measurement results and the prediction results based on the spatial-domain RRM measurement prediction, and performs Layer 3 filtering on each of the beam-level results. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein, when the setting indicates the frequency-domain RRM measurement prediction, the controller performs Layer 3 filtering based on both the prediction result of the first cell by the spatial-domain RRM measurement prediction and the measurement result for the second cell. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein models used for the time-domain RRM measurement prediction, the spatial-domain RRM measurement prediction, and the frequency-domain RRM measurement prediction are trained on the terminal side or on the network side.

[0340] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0341] 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0342] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0343] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0344] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0345] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0346] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0347] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0348] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0349] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0350] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0351] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0352] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0353] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0354] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0355] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0356] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0357] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0358] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0359] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0360] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0361] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0362] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0363] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0364] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0365] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0366] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0367] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0368] 23 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0369] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0370] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0371] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0372] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0373] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0374] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0375] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0376] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0377] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0378] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0379] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0380] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0381] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0382] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0383] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0384] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0385] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0386] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0387] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration indicating any one of a time-domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction, a space-domain RRM measurement prediction, and a frequency-domain RRM measurement prediction. The controller 110 may use the configuration indicating the time-domain RRM measurement prediction to instruct combining and performing Layer 3 filtering on the measurement result and the prediction result based on the time-domain RRM measurement prediction (first embodiment).

[0388] (User terminal) Fig. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0389] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0390] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0391] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0392] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0393] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0394] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0395] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0396] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0397] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0398] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0399] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0400] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0401] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0402] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0403] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0404] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0405] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0406] The transceiver unit 220 may receive a configuration indicating any one of a time-domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction, a spatial-domain RRM measurement prediction, and a frequency-domain RRM measurement prediction. If the configuration indicates the time-domain RRM measurement prediction, the controller 210 may control combining and performing Layer 3 filtering on a measurement result and a prediction result based on the time-domain RRM measurement prediction (first embodiment).

[0407] When the setting indicates the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, the control unit 210 may select multiple beam-level results from the measurement results and the prediction results by the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and perform layer 3 filtering on each of the beam-level results (second embodiment).

[0408] If the setting is indicated by the frequency domain RRM measurement prediction, the control unit 210 may perform Layer 3 filtering based on both the prediction result of the first cell by the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction and the measurement result for the second cell (third embodiment).

[0409] The models used for the time domain RRM measurement prediction, the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and the frequency domain RRM measurement prediction may be trained on the terminal side or the network side (fourth embodiment).

[0410] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0411] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0412] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0413] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0414] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0415] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0416] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0417] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0418] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0419] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0420] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0421] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0422] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0423] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0424] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0425] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0426] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0427] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0428] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0429] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0430] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0431] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0432] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0433] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0434] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0435] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0436] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0437] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0438] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0439] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0440] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0441] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0442] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0443] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0444] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0445] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0446] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0447] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0448] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0449] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0450] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0451] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0452] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0453] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0454] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0455] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0456] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0457] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0458] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0459] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0460] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0461] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0462] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0463] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0464] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0465] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0466] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0467] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0468] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0469] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0470] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0471] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0472] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0473] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0474] 26 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0475] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0476] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0477] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0478] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0479] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0480] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0481] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0482] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0483] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0484] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0485] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0486] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0487] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0488] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0489] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0490] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0491] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0492] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0493] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0494] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0495] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0496] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0497] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0498] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0499] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0500] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0501] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0502] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0503] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0504] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0505] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0506] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0507] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0508] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a setting indicating one of a time domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction, a spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and a frequency domain RRM measurement prediction; and a control unit that, when the setting indicates the time domain RRM measurement prediction, controls combining and performing layer 3 filtering on measurement results and prediction results by the time domain RRM measurement prediction.

2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein when the setting is indicated by the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, the control unit selects multiple beam-level results from the measurement results and the predicted results by the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and performs layer 3 filtering on each of the beam-level results.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, when the setting is indicated by the frequency domain RRM measurement prediction, the control unit performs layer 3 filtering based on both the prediction result of the first cell by the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction and the measurement result for the second cell.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the models used for the time domain RRM measurement prediction, the spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and the frequency domain RRM measurement prediction are trained on the terminal side or on the network side.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: receiving a configuration indicating one of a time domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction, a spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and a frequency domain RRM measurement prediction; and, if the configuration indicates the time domain RRM measurement prediction, controlling the execution of combining and layer 3 filtering on measurement results and prediction results based on the time domain RRM measurement prediction.

6. A base station having: a transmitter unit that transmits a setting indicating one of a time domain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement prediction, a spatial domain RRM measurement prediction, and a frequency domain RRM measurement prediction; and a controller that uses the setting indicating the time domain RRM measurement prediction to instruct combining and performing layer 3 filtering on measurement results and prediction results based on the time domain RRM measurement prediction.

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