Methods, architectures, apparatuses and systems for sensing reconfiguration

Abstract

Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided which relate to integrated sensing and communication and to the configuration of WTRU devices for sensing and configuration. Such procedures, methods, architectures, apparatus, systems, devices, and computer program products include procedures for configuration and reconfiguration of sensing based upon WTRU status and / or WTRU capabilities, failure of sensing configuration, and / or scenarios for limited sensing operations.

Description

METHODS, ARCHITECTURES, APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR SENSING RECONFIGURATIONCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 679,429, filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on August 5, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] The present disclosure is generally directed to the fields of communications, software and encoding, including, for example, to methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems related to sensing reconfiguration based on the status of a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU).SUMMARY

[0003] A WTRU may be configured to perform a sensing operation using an initial sensing configuration. A WTRU may receive the initial sensing configuration from a wireless network that the WTRU is in communication with. As the WTRU performs the sensing operation, conditions may change, and the initial sensing configuration may no longer be suitable for performing the sensing operation. For example, a battery level of the WTRU may decrease below a suitable threshold or a location of the WTRU may be outside of a valid area for the sensing operation. Accordingly, systems and methods are desired for dynamically configuring a WTRU to perform a sensing task using an updated sensing configuration, instead of an initially received configuration, based on its conditions.

[0004] In accordance with certain representative embodiments of the present disclosure, methods and systems are provided for operating a WTRU to perform a sensing operation such that the WTRU performs the sensing operation using an initial configuration and then determines to perform the sensing operation using a different configuration. The methods include receiving, from the wireless network, sensing configuration information including at least one configuration and at least one condition. The methods also include performing sensing operations based on a first configuration of the at least one configuration. The methods additionally include while performing the sensing operations based on the first configuration, determining that at least one of the WTRU is no longer able to comply with the first configuration based on a status of the WTRU or that the at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied based on the status of the WTRU. The methods furthermore include, based on the determination that the WTRU is unable to comply with the first configuration or that the at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied,transmitting to the wireless network a first indication that the WTRU is to be reconfigured. The methods moreover include receiving, from the wireless network, a second indication, that was generated based at least in part on the first indication, instructing the WTRU to at least one of reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration or to operate based on limited sensing operation. The methods also include performing subsequent sensing operations based on the second indication.

[0005] In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition includes any one or more of the following: a combined configuration for communication and for sensing not exceeding at least one capability of the WTRU, a current energy level of the WTRU being above a threshold, a current location of the WRTU being in a valid location, a measured downlink reference signal received power value being within a valid range of downlink reference signal received power values, or a radio resource control state.

[0006] In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition is based on any one or more of a data activity level of the WTRU being above an associated threshold or a connected radio resource control state of the WTRU.

[0007] In certain representative embodiments, the first indication includes information related to a preferred configuration for the WTRU and the information includes any one or more of the following: a downlink periodicity, a downlink duration, an uplink resource, or an associated frequency aligned to discontinuous reception for a duration.

[0008] In accordance with certain representative embodiments of the present disclosure, methods and systems are provided for operating a WTRU to perform a sensing operation, such that the WTRU changes from performing the sensing operation using an initial configuration to performing the sensing operation using a different configuration based on instructions received from a wireless network. The methods include receiving, from a wireless network, sensing configuration information including at least one configuration and at least one condition. The methods also include determining that the WTRU does not comply with a first configuration of the at least one configuration or that at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied. The methods additionally include based on the determination, transmitting, to the wireless network, a first message comprising at least one of: a respective negative acknowledgement for one or more of the at least one configuration or an indication of partial compliance with the one or more of the at least one configuration. The methods furthermore include receiving, from the wireless network, a second message, that was generated based at least in part on the first message, instructing the WTRU to at least one of: reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration or to operate basedon limited sensing operation. The methods moreover include performing sensing operations based on the second message.

[0009] In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition includes any one or more of the following: a combined configuration for communication and for sensing not exceeding at least one capability of the WTRU, a current energy level of the WTRU being above a first threshold, a current location of the WTRU being in a valid location, a measured downlink reference signal received power value being within a valid range of downlink reference signal received power values or a radio resource control state.

[0010] In certain representative embodiments, wherein the at least one condition is based on any one or more of a data activity level of the WTRU being above an associated threshold or a radio resource control connected state of the WTRU.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] A more detailed understanding may be had from the detailed description below, given by way of example in conjunction with drawings appended hereto. Figures in such drawings, like the detailed description, are examples. As such, the Figures (FIGs.) and the detailed description are not to be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and likely. Furthermore, like reference numerals ("ref.") in the FIGs. indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0012] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system;

[0013] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A;

[0014] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A;

[0015] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A;

[0016] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing operation, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 3 is an exemplary signaling diagram which shows procedures for sensing reconfiguration based on WTRU status, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 4 is an exemplary signaling diagram which shows procedures for partial compliance with sensing configurations based on WTRU status, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 5 is an exemplary signaling diagram which shows procedures for sensing activation based on WTRU assistance information, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for how a WTRU may perform a sensing operation based on a first sensing configuration and then determine to perform the sensing operation by using a sensing configuration different from the first sensing configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0021] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for how a WTRU may perform a sensing operation based on a first sensing configuration and then receive an instruction to perform the sensing operation by using a sensing configuration different from the first sensing configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail, so as not to obscure the following description. Further, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in lieu of, or in combination with, the embodiments and other examples described, disclosed or otherwise provided explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently (collectively "provided") herein. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein in which an apparatus, system, device, etc. and / or any element thereof carries out an operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any portion thereof, it is to be understood that any embodiments described and / or claimed herein assume that any apparatus, system, device, etc. and / or any element thereof is configured to carry out any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any portion thereof.

[0023] The methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided with respect to FIGs. 1A-1D, where various elements of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged in accordance with and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein.

[0024] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiplewireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail (ZT) unique-word (UW) discreet Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block- filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a "station" and / or a "STA", may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi- Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0026] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, e.g., to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a Home Node-B (HNB), a Home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), a NR Node-B (NR NB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0027] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0028] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0029] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0030] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE- A Pro).

[0031] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0032] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[0033] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0034] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node-B, Home eNode- B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1 A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0035] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1 A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or adifferent RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing an NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing any of a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0036] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0037] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0038] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. IB, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / mi crophone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0039] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. IBdepicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, e.g., in an electronic package or chip.

[0040] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0041] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. IB as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0042] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0043] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), readonly memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0044] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0045] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0046] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other elements / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the elements / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The elements / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0047] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g.,associated with particular subframes for either the uplink (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0048] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0049] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0050] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), and the like. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0051] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0052] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an SI interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0053] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the SI interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0054] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0055] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0056] Although the WTRU is described in FIGs. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0057] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0058] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.1 le DLS or an 802.1 Iz tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" mode of communication.

[0059] When using the 802.1 lac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used bythe STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0060] High throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadj acent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0061] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to a medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0062] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.1 laf and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.1 laf and 802.11 ah relative to those used in802.1 In, and 802.1 lac. 802.1 laf supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment,802.1 lah may support meter type control / machine-type communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0063] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as802.1 In, 802.1 lac, 802.1 laf, and 802.1 lah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channelmay be set and / or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.1 lah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0064] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.1 lah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.1 lah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0065] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0066] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0067] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or differentportions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0068] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0069] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, and the like. As shown in FIG. ID, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0070] The CN 115 shown in FIG. ID may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0071] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with differentrequirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b, e.g., to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0072] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183 a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0073] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, e.g., to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0074] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0075] In view of FIGs. 1 A-1D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1 A-1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to any of: WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a- b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other element(s) / device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation elements / devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0076] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0077] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0078] Furthermore, it will be understood that a wireless network may include any suitable components and devices, including, for example, any of one or more base stations, one or more TRPs, one or more gNBs, one or more WTRUs, any network functions, one or more RANs, one or more application functions, one or more access and mobility management functions (AMFs), any other suitable device or component, or any combination thereof. It will be further understood that a component or device that is part of the wireless network can be referred to as communicating with the wireless network when it is communicating with any one or more other components or devices of the wireless network. For example, reference to a WTRU, which is part of the wireless network, transmitting or receiving signals to or from the wireless network refers to the WTRU transmitting or receiving signals, respectively, to or from any other component or device (e.g., another WTRU) of the wireless network.

[0079] In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, including those described below at least in connection with FIGs. 2-7, the devices, systems, architectures, communication links, apparatuses, and other elements depicted in FIGs. 1 A-1D may be used in connection with sensing availability evaluation of sensing entities.

[0080] 5G / 6G wireless sensing may be a technology enabler used to acquire information about characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment that uses radio waves to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of objects. The 5G / 6G wireless sensing service is based on analyzing the transmissions, reflections, and scattering of wireless sensing signals.

[0081] Integrated sensing and communication technology may enable new services and provide use cases for various industries. For example, a 5G / 6G wireless sensing service as part of a cellular network may provide new possibilities for enhanced usage of the telecommunication infrastructure in areas of object detection and tracking, environment monitoring and human motion monitoring and may provide input to various verticals, which may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), smart home technology, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, or factories.

[0082] Exemplary use cases include object and intruder detection for a smart home, a highway, a railways, a factory, a predefined secure area around critical infrastructure, collision avoidance and trajectory tracking of UAVs, vehicles, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), automotive maneuvering and navigation, public safety search and rescue, rainfall monitoring and flooding, and health and sports monitoring. Such use cases may be focused on 5G / 6G wireless sensing and some of the use cases may include non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar and / or camera). 5G / 6G wireless sensing service may also bring about challenges related to confidentiality and privacy. It may be suitable for such sensing data from wireless sensing tasks to be protected from unauthorized access, interception and eavesdropping, while ensuring compliance with regulation and user awareness.

[0083] To support smart transportation and autonomous driving, many vehicles and devices are equipped with sensing technologies. For example, cameras, radar, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems are widely used sensors by the automotive industry to maintain the perception for autonomous vehicles at various levels of autonomy. Accurate sensing results may be relevant in enabling safe and reliable control of the vehicles.

[0084] Due to the mounting position of the sensors (e.g., 3GPP based sensors), information collected from a single vehicle's sensors may not be sufficient or accurate enough to satisfy advanced automotive use cases (e.g., autonomous driving or coordinated maneuvering). Therefore, the 5G system may coordinate sensing to obtain sensing data from various sources and generatesensing results which may be consumed at the vehicle and used for the vehicular control and driver assistance. For example, sensing results may be fed into an Automated Driving System (ADS) of a car. The 3 GPP sensing data collected by the WTRU may be sent alongside relevant sensing information to other sensing entities (e.g., including other vehicles, roadside units, or network entities) for further processing, ad hoc, and may also be shared with a third-party application.

[0085] Such network facilitated NR based sensing above may improve sensing reliability and quality. Network facilitated NR based sensing may provide new and advanced automotive use cases. The term “network” is used herein interchangeably with the terms Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Location Management Function (LMF), next-generation base station (gNB) or Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN), and / or core network. An LMF may be provided as a non-limiting example of a node or entity (e.g., network node or entity) that may be used for or to support positioning or sensing. Any other node or entity may be substituted for LMF and still be consistent with that which is described herein. Additionally, the term “first sensing configuration” may be used interchangeably to mean initial sensing configuration / common sensing configuration. The term WTRU may be used interchangeably for UE, sensing UE, activated sensing UE and / or UE with sensing capability.

[0086] In an exemplary use case, a first vehicle and a second vehicle are each equipped with 3GPP -based sensing technology. Non-3GPP sensors like radar, camera and LiDAR sensors may also be available in the vehicles. Additionally, in this example, the vehicles are capable of 5G communications, including direct communication with other vehicles, and communication with the 5G system via RAN entities. An exemplary 5G system assisted coordination of a sensing service follows.

[0087] In a first step of the exemplary use case, a network may provide configurations and policies. When the second vehicle registers for the 3GPP sensing service, the network provides policies and configurations to provide a way for WTRUs (e.g., of the second vehicle) to take appropriate actions during sensing (e.g., obtaining 3GPP sensing data from another WTRUs / RAN entities). For example, the policies provided by the network may provide guidance for the discovery of WTRUs / RAN entities with appropriate NR radio frequency (RF) sensing capabilities, when to trigger requests, when to stop sending requests, messaging formats, the communication configurations (e.g., which 5G communication mode to use and under which conditions), or a sensing configuration (e.g., specifying the role a node such as a transmitter / receiver node). These polices and configurations may be updated by the network based on network conditions, a mobility pattern, a predefined updating schedule, or any suitable medium to provide updates.

[0088] In a second step of the exemplary use case, it may be determined that the sensors of the second vehicle are blocked. For example, one or more sensors of the second vehicle may be blocked by the first vehicle. As such, the second vehicle therefore may not be able to adequately detect its surroundings (e.g., detect if there is another vehicle in front). This may, for example, result in the second vehicle miscalculating the needed distance to stop before a traffic light. In other cases, the first vehicle may also reduce the valid sensing region and result in misdetection of incoming vehicles size or shape, especially near intersections. The sensing results may therefore not fully satisfy the prevailing autonomous driving needs and requirements.

[0089] In a third step of the exemplary use case, a need for sensing inputs may be recognized. If the prevailing autonomous driving requirements are not met, one or more WTRUs of the second vehicle may be notified that its sensors are blocked and may require 5G system assistance for coordination of the sensing service.

[0090] In a fourth step of the exemplary use case, the second vehicle may discover the first vehicle. With the policies and configurations provided by the 5G system, the second vehicle may search for neighboring WTRUs / RAN entities or ask the network to provide recommendations for WTRUs / RAN entities (e.g., considering the current network conditions in the target sensing area) and their respective 3 GPP NR RF sensing capabilities (e.g., if the WTRU / RAN entity supports the sensing service). This information may be used to discover other vehicles and RAN entities with 3GPP NR RF sensors that may support sensing in the area. In this example, the second vehicle may discover that the first vehicle may be useful in providing sensing inputs.

[0091] In a fifth step of the exemplary use case, the second vehicle may connect to the first vehicle. The second vehicle may then establish 5G communication connection with the first vehicle and / or RAN entities. A suitable 5G communication mode (e.g., broadcast or unicast) may be determined by the second vehicle based on 5G system configuration and policies.

[0092] In a sixth step of the exemplary use case, the second vehicle may request sensing information from the first vehicle. The request may indicate the information needed to perform sensing. For example, the request may indicate any one or more of an additional region to be covered for sensing, an additional sensing target or targets, or synchronization information.

[0093] In a seventh step of the exemplary use case, the first vehicle may send sensing results or 3 GPP sensing data to the second vehicle. Based on the information provided by the second vehicle, the first vehicle may send 3 GPP sensing data which identifies objects in its surroundings. When 3GPP sensing data is shared between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, the sharing is expected to be performed in compliance with an operator policy on the use of the operator resources (e.g., on a particular licensed or unlicensed spectrum).

[0094] In a first part of an eight step of the exemplary use case, the second vehicle may process 3GPP sensing data locally. On the basis that the second vehicle has non-3GPP sensors (e.g., camera or LiDAR), the second vehicle may combine the 3 GPP sensing data from the first vehicle with other sensors.

[0095] In a second part of the eight step of the exemplary use case, the 5G system may expose sensing results to a third-party application. Additionally, or alternatively, the second vehicle may share sensing results and non-3GPP sensing data from non-3GPP sensors within the 5G system and this sensing data may be exposed by the 5G system to a third-party application server for combination by the third-party. Contextual information is information may be forwarded alongside the sensing results which may provide context to the conditions under which the sensing results were derived. This contextual information may be used in scenarios where the sensing result is to be combined with data from other sources. If contextual information is required when sensing results are being exposed, this information may be shared with appropriate consent mechanisms, consent permissions, and operator policies.

[0096] In certain representative embodiments, a downlink reference signal (DL-RS) configuration may include any one or more of the following parameters: a number of symbols, a transmission power, a number of DL-RS resources included in DL-RS resource set, a muting pattern for the DL-RS (e.g., a muting pattern may be expressed via a bitmap), a periodicity, a type of DL-RS (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic), a slot offset for periodic transmission for the DL-RS, a vertical shift of the DL-RS pattern in the frequency domain, a time gap during repetition, a repetition factor, a resource element (RE) offset, a comb pattern, a comb size, a spatial relation (e.g., with respect to other DL-RSs or UL RS such as a sounding reference signal (SRS) for positioning purposes), Quasi-Colocation (QCL) information (e.g., QCL target, QCL source) for the DL-RS, a number of Transmission / Reception Points (TRPs), an Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN), subcarrier spacing, an expected RSTD, an uncertainty in expected RSTD, a start Physical Resource Block (PRB), a bandwidth, a Bandwidth Part (BWP) ID, a number of frequency layers, a start / end time for the DL-RS transmission, an on / off indicator for the DL-RS, a TRP ID, a DL-RS ID, a cell ID, a global cell ID or an applicable time window.

[0097] The WTRU may apply a DL-RS configuration under a condition that the current time is within the applicable time window. Herein, the abbreviation “ID” may be used interchangeably with the term index. Examples of a DL-RS may include Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS), Phase Tracking Reference Signals (PTRS), Positioning Reference Signals (PRS), Tracking Reference Signals (TRS), and Synchronization Signal Block (SSB).

[0098] In certain representative embodiments, an Uplink Reference Signals (UL-RS) or an SRS configuration may include any one or more of the following: a resource ID; comb offset values; cyclic shift values; a start position in the frequency domain; a number of UL-RS symbols; a shift in the frequency domain for UL-RS; a frequency hopping pattern; a type of UL-RS (e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent or periodic); a sequence ID used to generate the UL-RS or other IDs used to generate the UL-RS sequence; spatial relation information indicating a reference signal (e.g., DLRS, UL-RS, CSI-RS, SRS, Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS)) or SSB (e.g., SSB ID or cell ID of an SSB) the UL-RS is related to spatially where the UL-RS and DL RS may be aligned spatially; QCL information (e.g., a QCL relationship between the UL-RS and other reference signals or SSB); a QCL type (e.g., QCL type A, QCL type B, QCL type C, QCL type D); a resource set ID; a list of UL-RS resources in the resource set; transmission power related information; pathloss reference information (e.g., containing SSB, CSI-RS or DL-RS identification information); a periodicity of the UL-RS transmission; and / or spatial information such as spatial direction information of UL-RS transmission (e.g., beam information or angles of transmission), a spatial direction information of the DL RS reception (e.g., a beam ID used to receive the DL-RS or angle of arrival). Examples of UL-RS may include SRS and SRS for positioning (SRSp) purposes.

[0099] In certain representative examples, a sensing configuration may include one or more DLRS or UL-RS configurations. A sensing configuration may include measurement or reporting related configuration information (e.g., a periodicity of measurement or reporting, measurement or reporting trigger conditions, or content of the measurement). A sensing configuration may include a combination of reference signals configurations, measurements and / or reporting configurations.

[0100] In certain representative embodiments, such as in a legacy data communication, data communication may be triggered when data arrives in the network (e.g., via a DL transmission) and / or triggered by a WTRU (e.g., via a UL transmission). The network may determine an appropriate configuration (e.g., monitoring with Discontinuous Reception (DRX) operation) for the WTRU based on a data characteristic (e.g., periodicity or QoS) and / or assistance information of the WTRU. The network may instruct the release of the configuration (or connection) upon completion of data transmission (or reception).

[0101] In certain representative embodiments, a sensing operation may be modeled as a taskcentric process, and when compared to the data communication, the goal of the sensing operation may be to detect one or more obstacles in proximity to a respective WTRU and report sensing data to the network. The network may achieve gains (e.g., DL / UL scheduling) with sensing results.Such obstacle detection may not predictable (e.g., when triggered) and there may be no explicit completion timing for sensing activity upon activation. With such modeling, it may be ambiguous as to whether a the respective WTRU is available to perform the sensing operation continuously after no further sensing results are needed (e.g., by the network). Moreover, a common sensing configuration (e.g., a sensing configuration with no pattern or periodicity, no QoS, no DRX, or no assistance information) need not be configured for one or more WTRUs because it may be nontrivial for the common sensing configuration to be optimized or dedicated for a particular WTRU.

[0102] In certain representative embodiments, the sensing operation may be modeled as a network-centric function, and when compared to data communications, the sensing operation may be configured by being associated with reference signals for sensing. Such a sensing operation may include determining measurements quantities (e.g., including Line of Sight (LOS) and / or Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) characteristics), event triggers, and reporting information indicative of WTRU accuracy requirements. With this modeling, it may non-trivial to coordinate the configuration of sensing-related measurements and communications-related functions. As such, if a network determines a common (or initial) sensing configuration and activates the common sensing configuration, then the network may not have access to information indicative of whether the sensing configuration is appropriate and / or valid based on the status (e.g., remaining energy level, location, data activity with Radio Resource Control (RRC) states, or UL traffic) of each WTRU involved in the sensing operation.

[0103] FIG. 2 shows a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing operation, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In scenario 200, WTRU 202 may monitor an obstacle or obstacles, such as obstacle 204, based on monitoring a DL signal or signals and report to a network if an obstacle is detected. WTRU 202 may correspond to any suitable one of WTRUs 102a-102d). In scenario 200, WTRU 202 may be in communication with one or more of network 206 or network 208. Each of networks 206 and 208 may correspond to any suitable one of RANs 114a-144b, eNBs 160a-160c, or gNBs 180a-180c. For example, DL signal 210 may be reflected or a measured Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) value may be varied by obstacle 204 between WTRU 202 and obstacle 204 as shown in FIG. 2.

[0104] When configured to and / or while performing sensing operation with a sensing configuration, a WTRU may determine whether to comply with the sensing configuration, to send a negative acknowledgement (NACK) of the sensing configuration, and / or to request a reconfiguration with information or using a different sensing configuration based on the WTRU status.

[0105] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may receive a configuration that includes one or more configurations for sensing operation. For example, a WTRU may receive a list of sensing configurations and associated with conditions from a base station. A first sensing configuration (e.g., initial / common sensing configuration) and a second sensing configuration may include measuring and reporting configurations. In certain representative embodiments, received sensing configurations may include a DL signal or signals (e.g., a SSB ) associated with a measuring time (e.g., duration and / or periodicity), a UL resource (e.g., UL grant) associated with a periodicity, conditions associated with each of the first and / or second sensing configuration, a valid location or locations and / or a range of Downlink Reference Signal Received Power (DL- RSRP) values, a first threshold associated with an energy level of a WTRU (e.g., a maximum acceptable energy level and / or minimum acceptable energy level), a second threshold associated with data activity (e.g., a minimum acceptable data activity kevel and / or a maximum data activity level), and / or an RRC state (e.g., connected, inactive, or idle) which the WTRU is to be configured under.

[0106] In certain representative embodiments, upon receiving the sensing configuration, the WTRU may initiate the transmission of an uplink message in the case that the WTRU determines either that the WTRU may not comply with the one or more sensing configurations and / or that at least one of the conditions associated with a sensing configuration may not be satisfied. For example, the combined configurations for communications and for sensing may exceed the capabilities of a WTRU (e.g., supporting frequency), the current location may not be a valid location, and / or the measured DL-RSRP value may be outside of the valid range of DL-RSRP values.

[0107] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may transmit a response (e.g., an RRC message) indicating a negative acknowledgement of the first and / or second sensing configuration. The WTRU may transmit an indication of partial compliance with the first and / or second sensing configuration. In such cases, the WTRU may indicate specific aspects of the first and / or second sensing configurations that the WTRU is in or not in compliance with. For example, the WTRU may specify that it is in compliance with the measuring time (e.g., duration and / or periodicity), the specified UL resource, and / or periodicity for reporting with either one or both of the first or second configuration.

[0108] In certain representative embodiments, while performing the sensing operation with the first sensing configuration, a WTRU may determine to send an indication (or request) for reconfiguration to the network based on the current WTRU status. Such an indication may be sent if at least one of the conditions associated with first sensing configuration is not satisfied. Suchconditions may include any one or more of the current energy level of WTRU being below a first threshold associated with the first configuration, the current location not being in a valid location, the measured DL-RSRP value being outside of the valid range of DL-RSRP values associated with the first configuration, and / or the data activity level being below a threshold.

[0109] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may transmit an indication for reconfiguration of the first sensing configuration. The indication include any one or more of the following types of information: an indication of a failure associated with first sensing configuration with causes (e.g., a location, energy level, or data activity level of the WTRU falling outside of a valid range associated with the first configuration); or information about one or more requested DL signals, periodicity, how to handle measurements made outside of a specified active time, periodicity for reporting, or sensing operation times associated with first sensing configuration.

[0110] In certain representative embodiments, an indication transmitted by a WTRU indicative of a determination to be reconfigured according to the second sensing configuration which may include any one or more of the following types of information: information of the cause of determination (e.g., a location, an energy level, or a data activity level of the WTRU falling outside of a valid range associated with the second configuration); or information about the remaining available sensing operation time with RRC states (e.g., idle or inactive) based on the second sensing configuration. The indication of a limited sensing operation with the second sensing configuration may include an indication of a limited measurement time for which to continue sensing operations. The indication may also include a measuring time (e.g., duration and / or periodicity), UL resource, and / or periodicity for associated with reporting sensing data associated with the second configuration.

[0111] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may receive a new sensing configuration, an indication indicative of a confirmation to using the second sensing configuration, an indication indicative of a confirmation of limited sensing operation using the first sensing configuration. The WTRU may perform the sensing operation based on the received sensing configuration. The WTRU may stop the sensing operation entirely after one or more conditions associated with the first sensing configuration is triggered.

[0112] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may negotiate a sensing configuration or configurations with the network according to the WTRU conditions (e.g., a location, an energy level, or a data activity associated with the WTRU). The WTRU may request a reconfiguration procedure with a requested sensing configuration or may determine to use a different sensing configuration. As such, a WTRU may perform a sensing operation with an optimized sensing configuration.

[0113] As described herein, a WTRU (e.g., a sensing WTRU) may be configured with a list of sensing configurations from a network. For example, a WTRU may be configured with one or more sensing configurations from a base station and / or core network (e.g., an entity of a core network that supports suitable sensing functions or an LMF). A sensing configuration may specify that the WTRU may communicate with the core network via NAS signaling between itself and the core network. A sensing configuration may specify that the WTRU may communicate via signaling between itself and a base station.

[0114] In certain representative embodiments, a core network may determine a first sensing configuration and a base station may configure a second configuration. In certain representative embodiments, a core network may configure at least a portion of parameters of a first sensing configuration, and a base station may configure another portion of parameters for the first sensing configuration. A base station may transmit a message (e.g., including sensing configurations / parameters which include conditions) to one or more WTRUs via a System Information Block (SIB) and / or via a RRC dedicated messages. Different sensing configurations may include associated DL signals with one or more thresholds, UL resource requirements (e.g., reporting of sensing results), or associated periodicities (e.g., when to report sensing results).

[0115] In certain representative embodiments, a DL signal may be associated with a frequency, a range of resource blocks, or BWPs. A WTRU may receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. The SS / PBCH block (SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (‘PBCH’). The WTRU may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode an SSB during a sensing operation. The DL signal may include at least one of DL signal, and the at least one DL signal which may include a PSS, PBCH, SSB, or SSS.

[0116] In certain representative embodiments, different DL signals may be associated with different measuring times (e.g., a given DL signal may be associated with a respective duration of slots, subframes, a periodicity of duration, an active time, or an inactive time). The active measuring time of a given DL signal may be configured based on a respective sensing configuration. For example, the active measuring time of one of DL signal associated with a sensing configuration may be shorter or longer than the measuring time of one of another DL signals of another sensing configuration.

[0117] In certain representative embodiments, different DL signals may be associated with various thresholds. For example, a threshold may be associated with one or more measured values. For example, a threshold may be associated with any one or more of a synchronization signal block reference signal received power (SSB-RSRP); a synchronization signal block reference signalreceived quality (SSB-RSRQ); a synchronization signal block reference signal to interference plus noise ratio (SSB-SINR); a synchronization signal reference signal received power (SS-RSRP); a synchronization signal reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ); and / or a synchronization signal to interference plus noise ratio (SS-SINR). Each of the thresholds of a DL signal may be associated with obstacle detection. For example, if a measured value is below a threshold (e.g., during an active measurement duration time), the WTRU may determine that an obstacle is detected and may report the measured sensing results to the network.

[0118] In certain representative embodiments, a UL resource may be associated with a UL grant and / or a periodicity. One or more UL grants may be a configured UL grant (e.g., a signal with parameters that does not change or update based on certain conditions) and / or a dynamic UL grant (e.g., a signal with parameters that do change or update based on certain conditions). For example, a periodicity may indicate when to report sensing results to the network. The periodicity may include parameters that specify slots, subframes, or seconds at which reporting is to occur. The periodicity may include parameters that specify a number of instance or a certain duration for which reporting is to occur. Periodicities for different UL resources may vary. For example, the periodicity of the UL resource of the first sensing configuration may be shorter or longer than the periodicity of UL resource of the second sensing configuration, and vice versa.

[0119] In certain representative embodiments, different sensing configurations may be associated with different environmental conditions. For example, any one or more of a location of a WTRU (e.g., zone, serving cell, camping cell, tracking area, or a range), a measured RSRP value (e.g., cell-center and / or cell-edge), an energy level of a WTRU, a particular WTRU capability (e.g., power saving capabilities of the WTRU) may be used as conditions which a sensing configuration is based on.

[0120] In certain representative embodiments, data activity (e.g., DL / UL data activity), a pattern, characteristic of DRX, characteristic of DTX, or periodicity may be used as a condition for which a sensing configuration is to be based on. An RRC state (e.g., idle, inactive, or connected) may be a condition for which a sensing configuration is to be based on. A previous sensing time (e.g., measured in milliseconds or seconds) may be a condition for which a sensing configuration is to be based on.

[0121] In accordance with one or more representative embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more network entities may activate a sensing operation based on a presently configured sensing configuration. After the one or more network entities determine one or more sensing configurations and provide the one or more configurations to one or more WTRUs, the one or more network entities may activate a sensing operation on the one or more WTRUs.

[0122] In certain representative embodiments, a base station, or any suitable network entity, may transmit an indication to active sensing to one or more WTRUs (e.g., a dedicated message) via a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message, a Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE) message, or an RRC message. For example, upon a WTRU receiving an indication to active sensing, the WTRU may activate the sensing operation associated with the indication. Receiving such an indication may cause the activation one of the sensing configurations among the configured sensing configurations the WTRU has access to. For example, receiving such an indication may cause a WTRU that may be configured according to either a first received or a second received configuration to be configured according to the first received configuration for a respective sensing task.

[0123] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may be configured with one or more sensing configurations from a base station or one or more entities of a core network(e.g., an entity that supports sensing functions or an LMF). For example, one or more WTRUs may be configured according to a given sensing configuration due to data received at the one or more WTRUs via NAS signaling between the one or mor WTRUs and the core network. Said another way, a given sensing configuration may be provided to one or more WTRUs via signaling between said one or more WTRUs and a base station, thus configuring the one or more WTRUs.

[0124] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU, upon supposedly receiving one or more sensing configurations, may send a message (e.g., RRC complete message) acknowledging or not acknowledging that the one or more configurations have been received or may be used to configure the WTRU (e.g., as an ACK or NACK message, respectively). For example, a WTRU may send an ACK message associated with a first configuration if the first configuration was properly received and a NACK message associated with a second configuration if the second configuration was not properly received.

[0125] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU, upon supposedly receiving one or more sensing configurations, may send an RRC message (e.g., via a RRC resume complete message) acknowledging or not acknowledging (e.g., as ACK and NACK indications, respectively) whether the one or more sensing configurations have been properly received or may be used to configure the WTRU. For example, the WTRU may send a NACK of a first configuration if the capability of the WTRU is not supported. For example, if the WTRU may not perform DL / UL data communication and / or the sensing operation according to the first configuration because of an unsupported frequency, band combination, a limited number of transmission chains, or a limited number receiver chains, then the WTRU may send a NACK message to the network regarding the ability of the WTRU to perform sensing according to the first configuration.

[0126] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU need not monitor a first DL frequency for a sensing operation and a second DL frequency for data reception at the same time. Therefore, the WTRU need not transmit UL data via a UL resource of the first frequency for data transmission and need not transmit UL data via a UL resource of the second frequency for the reporting of sensing results at the same time.

[0127] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may send an indication that includes information associated with one or more sensing configurations. Such an indication may indicate partial compliance with a sensing configuration of the one or more sensing configurations. For example, the indication may indicate an active measuring time by indicating a duration and / or number of reporting instances in a given duration. The indication may indicate a limited use of a UL resource and / or a portion of a periodicity for reporting. The indication may indicate one or more parameters that comply or do not comply with at least one sensing configuration of the one or more sensing configurations. The indication may indicate a partial failure or partial acceptance of at least one sensing configuration of the one or more sensing configurations.

[0128] In certain representative embodiments, when a WTRU performs a sensing operation, the WTRU may identify a requirement for reconfiguration of the configured sensing configuration based on the WTRU status. For example, if at least one of the conditions associated with the sensing configuration is not satisfied, then the WTRU may determine that sensing reconfiguration is necessary.

[0129] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may determine that a sensing configuration is to be reconfigured of the first sensing configuration. After determining that a sensing configuration is to be reconfigured, the WTRU may transmit an indication to the network that indicates that the sensing configuration in use is not suitable for performing a sensing operation. The WTRU may request information, from the network, for how a currently used sensing configuration is to be reconfigured or may request for a new configuration to be used. For example, if the WTRU is performing a sensing task using a first configuration, and the WTRU determines that it needs to be reconfigured, then the WTRU may request information on how to reconfigure the first configuration or may request a second configuration different from the first configuration.

[0130] In certain representative embodiments, when a WTRU is performing a sensing operation, the WTRU may determine to limit the sensing operation based on the status of the WTRU. For example, if at least one of the conditions associated with the currently used sensing configuration is not satisfied, then the WTRU may carry out the sensing operation in a limited capacity (i.e., a limited sensing operation) while still using the current sensing configuration. In certainrepresentative embodiments, the WTRU may transmit additional information regarding the limited sensing operation. Such additional information associated with the limited sensing operation may include information specifying a limited measuring DL signal (e.g., SSB / SS), limited reporting permissions, a limited measuring time, or how reporting using the current sensing configuration is to change. Information indicating how the current sensing configuration is to change may specify how UL resource usage is to change, a new maximum or minimum active sensing duration, a new maximum or minimum sensing periodicity, a new maximum or minimum number of reporting instances, a new allowed frequency or frequencies, a new allowed maximum or minimum number neighboring cells, a new maximum or minimum number of usable frequencies, or an RRC status (e.g., connected, idle, or inactive).

[0131] In certain representative embodiments, a limited sensing operation may indicate that the WTRU is to perform a subset of configured sensing measurements or reporting operations of the originally intended sensing measurements and reporting operations specified in the original sensing configuration. Said another way, a WTRU may be configured with which subset or subsets actions of the sensing configuration, from the initial sensing configuration or configurations, to operate under when operating to perform a limited sensing operation. For example, a WTRU may be configured to perform a measurement every 5 milliseconds on a configured DL-RS. If a particular condition is satisfied, then the WTRU may determine to instead perform a measurement every 20 milliseconds on the configured DL-RS. In another example, a WTRU may be configured to measure 10 different of DL-RSs which may be termed as DL-RS#1 through DL-RS#10. If a particular condition is satisfied, then the WTRU may perform a limited operation and perform a measurement using DL-RS# 1 and DL-RS#2 only. In yet another example, a WTRU may report sensing measurements less frequently under the limited sensing operation compared to the initial sensing operation. Under the limited sensing operation, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on a limited number of frequency resources (e.g., BWPs, frequency layers, or carriers). Configurations for such a limited sensing operation may be associated with particular DTX cycles, DRX cycles, or a particular RRC state.

[0132] As described herein, a WTRU may be configured with one or more sensing configurations (e.g., a first sensing configuration and a second sensing configuration). A WTRU may also be configured, based on information received from a base station or core network entity, with particular conditions to operate under and / or be associated with thresholds to operate under from a base station and / or a core network.

[0133] In certain representative embodiments, a base station may transmit a message (e.g., including sensing configuration information with parameters and operating conditions) to a WTRUvia an SIB and / or an RRC dedicated message. A WTRU may perform a sensing operation upon receiving a sensing configuration. The WTRU may activate the sensing operation upon receiving an indication of sensing activation, which may be in the form of DCI and / or a MAC-CE. The indication may may cause a particular sensing operation to be activated for a given WTRU.

[0134] In certain representative embodiments, whilst performing a sensing operation under a first sensing configuration, a WTRU may determine that the first sensing configuration is to be reconfigured or may determine provide limited sensing operation based on one or more of the following factors: an energy level of the WTRU, a data activity of the WTRU, a location of the WTRU (e.g., a geographical location), and / or an RRC state. Combinations of these aforementioned factors are also possible, and each of the factors is discussed further below.

[0135] In certain representative embodiments, the energy level of a WTRU may be considered. For example, a WTRU may be configured with a threshold for an energy level for each possible sensing configuration. When the current energy level of a WTRU is above a threshold, the WTRU may maintain the current sensing configuration and otherwise proceed with the sensing operation as before the energy level exceeded the threshold. When the current energy, power, or battery power level of the WTRU is below a threshold, the WTRU may perform the sensing operation using a second sensing configuration. The WTRU may operating using a requested sensing configuration. A sensing configuration different from the initial sensing configuration specify a DL signal, duration of active sensing, a periodicity, howto handle sensing measurements measured outside of an active sensing period, a UL resource, periodicity for reporting, or how to resume an active sensing period.

[0136] In certain representative embodiments, when the current energy level of a WTRU is below a threshold, the WTRU may provide an indication of sensing failure of the current sensing configuration. The WTRU may also provide an indication of the cause of the sensing failure (e.g., an energy level of the WTRU).

[0137] In certain representative embodiments, when the current energy level of the WTRU is below a threshold, the WTRU may perform a limited sensing operation. Performing the limited sensing operation may result in the WTRU transmitting an indication of the limited sensing operation to the network. The indication may indicate that the WTRU will perform a portion of or a reduced subset of tasks originally intended for the sensing task. For example, the indication may specify a new active measuring time, sensing reporting rules, and / or sensing reporting frequencies for a sensing task. In certain representative embodiments, when the current energy level is below a threshold, a WTRU may suspend the sensing operation and resume after a particular duration(e.g., a duration lasting a certain number of milliseconds or seconds). The WTRU may indicate a resumption time (e.g., as a time of day).

[0138] In certain representative embodiment, the data activity of the WTRU may be considered. The WTRU may be configured with a threshold or thresholds for DL / UL data activity for each possible sensing configuration. For example, DL data activity may be associated with one or more logical channels, a specific QoS, and / or a data priority. DL activity may also be associated with a DRX duration (e.g., DRX under at least one slot, subframe, and / or a periodicity). UL data activity may be associated with a buffer status (e.g., specifying remaining and / or pending data). DL data activity may be associated with a DL logical channel, and / or UL data activity may be associated with a UL logical channel with pending UL data. UL data activity may be associated with a pattem / period of DTX. If the DL / UL data activity of the DL / UL transmission of the WTRU is higher than the threshold (e.g., a threshold which may be a remaining volume of data to receive or transmit), the WTRU may maintain the first configuration.

[0139] In certain representative embodiments, if the DL / UL data activity of the DL / UL transmission of the WTRU is lower than the threshold, the WTRU perform the sensing task with another sensing configuration different from the current sensing configuration. The WTRU may request a particular sensing configuration. The requested sensing configuration may specify one or more DL signals, an offset time to start, a duration of active sensing time, a periodicity for reporting, and / or how to handle measurements performed outside of an active time.

[0140] In certain representative embodiments, when DL / UL data activity of a DL / UL transmission of a WTRU is lower than a threshold, the WTRU may determine to indicate sensing failure of the current sensing configuration. For example, the WTRU may indicate a cause behind the sensing failure (e.g., data activity). If the data activity is below the threshold, the WTRU may perform a limited sensing operation.

[0141] In certain representative embodiments, if data activity is below a threshold, then a WTRU may suspend the current sensing operation and may transmit the determination to the network with information indicating that the sensing operation has been suspended. A WTRU may indicate the resumption time of the sensing operation after suspension and conditions for when to resume the sensing operation.

[0142] In certain representative embodiments, geographical data or a measured DL-RSRP value may be considered when determining a sensing configuration. A WTRU may be configured with a location or locations for each possible sensing configuration. Said another way, different sensing configurations may be activated based on geographical data of the WTRU. Different locations be associated with at least one of, a zone, serving cell, camping cell, tracking area, and / or a range ofDL-RSRP values (e.g., a cell-center and / or cell-edge values). The WTRU may receive additional information supporting geographical data. For example, the WTRU may receive information indicating a reference point associated with a given zone, size information of a given zone (e.g., in terms of meters), or one or more cells associated with a given zone.

[0143] In certain representative embodiments, a current location or DL-RSRP value may be associated with a sensing configuration. The WTRU may determine its current location based on RAT dependent (e.g., Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA)) and / or RAT independent positioning techniques. The WTRU may receive positioning related configuration information (e.g., a DL-RS) and / or a positioning method to use from the network (e.g., an LMF).

[0144] In certain representative embodiments, a current location or DL-RSRP value may be associated with a second sensing configuration different from a first sensing configuration currently being used for a sensing task. The WTRU may perform a sensing task using the second sensing configuration instead of the first sensing configuration when it determines that the first sensing configuration is to be reconfigured. In certain representative embodiments, the current location or DL-RSRP value may not be associated with at least one sensing configuration. As such, the WTRU may perform the sensing operation with the default sensing configuration. The WTRU may instead determine not to perform the sensing operation. The WTRU may determine to send an indication of sensing failure of the first sensing configuration (i.e., the currently used sensing configuration), and the indication may include a cause of failure for the sensing configuration.

[0145] In certain representative embodiments, the RRC state of the WTRU may be considered when determining the sensing configuration. A WTRU may be configured with an RRC state for each available sensing configurations. For example, a first sensing configuration may be associated with an RRC state (e.g., connected), and the second sensing configuration may be associated with another RRC state (e.g., idle / inactive). If the WTRU transitions to RRC idle (or RRC inactive) from RRC connected, then the WTRU may use the second configuration associated with RRC idle (or inactive) and disable the first sensing configuration associated with the RRC connected state. In certain representative embodiments, where a WTRU is in a connected state, the WTRU may maintain and / or keep the first configuration, and in cases where the WTRU is in an RRC idle / inactive state, the WTRU may use a second sensing configuration for the sensing task.

[0146] In certain representative embodiments, when a WTRU is in an RRC idle / inactive state and changes to an RRC connected state, the WTRU may reconfigure the first sensing configuration (e.g. when connected). The WTRU may send a request indicating reconfiguration information to the network. The cause of the RRC state change may include sensing reconfiguration information and / or sensing activation of the first sensing configuration.

[0147] In certain representative embodiments, combinations of the above factors are possible, and such combinations may include one condition being satisfied, another condition being satisfied, multiple conditions being satisfied, or a threshold for one condition being computed by another factor. In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with more than one sensing configurations and if a particular condition is satisfied, then the WTRU send a request to the network that indicates a preferred sensing configuration for the WTRU. Each of the preconfigured or configured sensing configurations may be associated with a sensing configuration ID. The WTRU may include the sensing configuration ID in the request.

[0148] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may maintain an RRC connection (e.g., RRC connected) while performing a sensing operation. The WTRU may run a timer (e.g., a data inactivity timer) during DL / UL data activity while performing sensing operations (e.g., measuring a DL signal and / or reporting sensing results).

[0149] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may extend a running timer by setting the timer to not expire for related data activity (e.g., a data inactivity timer) when UL reporting for sensing results is triggered, is pending, and / or needs to be transmitted after an expiry of a data inactivity timer. For example, a UL resource for the triggered UL reporting may be located outside of a duration of a data activity timer (e.g., an expiry of a timer), and the WTRU may therefore make a determination to extend the data activity timer until all of the triggered / pending sensing reporting procedures are completed (e.g., a UL resource and / or periodicity). Upon determining the extension of a data activity timer, the WTRU may indicate, inform, or report the extension of the data activity timer to the network.

[0150] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may run a new timer (e.g., for sensing activity) while performing a sensing operation. The network may provide the configuration of the new timer (e.g., for sensing activity) to a WTRU via a sensing configuration and / or a WTRU may be configured with the timer. The WTRU may start and / or re-start the timer once a sensing activity is triggered (e.g., measuring DL signals and / or UL reporting of sensing results). The WTRU may run and / or keep the timer at least until UL reporting of sensing results is completed (e.g., when triggered results, pending results, and / or other results that need to be transmitted are transmitted).

[0151] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may send the extension of timer via User Control Information (UCI), a Scheduling Request (SR), a Buffer Status Report (BSR), MAC-CE, and / or RRC message. The extension indication may include an indication that is a single bit indicating to extend the timer.

[0152] In certain representative embodiments, a fallback operation for sensing configuration may be configured for one or more WTRUs. A network may activate a fallback operation for the oneor more WTRUs. A fallback sensing configuration may be applied based on a WTRU capability. A WTRU may apply a configured sensing configuration based on WTRU capability which may include a supported frequency, band combination, supported BWP, a minimum of resource block or blocks, a supported band, monitoring of a DL signal or signals, a maximum transmission power, and / or maximum reception sensitivity.

[0153] In certain representative embodiments, a fallback sensing configuration may be activated without a sensing activation indication from a base station when the WTRU capability is supported. For example, the default sensing configuration may be activated for the WTRU when no condition is unsatisfied among the possible configured sensing configurations. The fallback sensing configuration may be activated for the WTRU when the WTRU moves to another cell (e.g., in cell reselection and / or camping) and the new cell is not configured for sensing configuration. The fallback sensing configuration may be activated for the WTRU when the WTRU transmits an indication (e.g., a request for reconfiguration) and the WTRU does not receive a response from the network.

[0154] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU may enable the configured fallback sensing configuration if a validity condition for a sensing configuration is not satisfied. For example, a validity condition for a sensing configuration may be a time validity condition (e.g., based on a timer associated with a sensing configuration) or an area validity (e.g., a sensing configuration may be valid within a configured area including more than one cells).

[0155] FIG. 3 shows an exemplary signaling diagram showing procedures for sensing reconfiguration based on WTRU status, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Diagram 300 of FIG. 3 includes WTRU 302 in communication with network 304. WTRU 302 may correspond to any suitable one of WTRUs 102a-102d or 202. Network 304 may correspond to any suitable one of RANs 114a-144b, eNBs 160a-160c, gNBs 180a-180c, or network 206-208.

[0156] In summary of diagram 300, WTRU 302 may receive a first and second sensing configuration and associated conditions from network 304 (e.g., as a base station). Upon receiving the first sensing configuration, WTRU 302 may initiate a sensing operation based on the received first sensing configuration. WTRU 302 may measure the indicated DL signal or signals and report via the UL resource when an obstacle is detected. While performing the sensing operation, WTRU 302 may comply with the first sensing configuration based on its status (e.g., which may be based on an energy level, data activity, location, or RRC state). If the status of WTRU 302 does not satisfy the condition of the first sensing configuration, then the WTRU may determine to reconfigure the first sensing configuration.

[0157] In further summary of diagram 300, WTRU 302 may transmit an indication of configuration failure or a request for sensing reconfiguration. The indication may include additional information such as a determination and request for sensing reconfiguration with a second sensing configuration or a determination to perform a limited sensing operation with the first sensing configuration. Upon transmitting the indication, WTRU 302 may receive a reconfiguration message or confirmation of a second sensing configuration from network 304. WTRU 302 may perform a sensing operation based on the reconfigured sensing configuration. The reconfigured sensing configuration may be a reconfigured version of the first sensing configuration or the second sensing configuration originally received. 306-316 are operations included in diagram 300 that describe

[0158] At 306, WTRU 302 receives a first sensing configuration and a second sensing configuration from network 304. At 306, WTRU 302 may further receive conditions associated with each of the first sensing configuration and the second sensing configuration. As previously described above, the conditions associated with each of the first sensing configuration and the second sensing configuration may be indicative of when a respective sensing configuration is valid. Each of the first and second sensing configuration may be associated with a sensing operation.

[0159] At 308, WTRU 302 performs a sensing operation using the first sensing configuration from 306. The sensing operation may be determined based on information received from 306. The first sensing configuration may specify instructions on how to perform the sensing operation. At 310, WTRU 302 determines whether it will further comply with the first sensing configuration or whether the first sensing configuration is to be reconfigured. Said another way, WTRU 302 determines whether it will continue to use the first sensing configuration for the sensing task or whether an update is needed for the first sensing configuration.

[0160] At 312, WTRU 302 may request for a sensing reconfiguration event to occur by informing network 304. That is, WTRU 302 may request, to network 304, that it be reconfigured for performing the sensing task with a modification to the first sensing configuration. At 312, WTRU 302 may instead determine that it be reconfigured to perform the sensing task using the second sensing configuration (e.g., received from 306). At 312, WTRU 302 may determine to continue the sensing task with limited capabilities. That is, WTRU 302 may perform a limited sensing task using the first configuration.

[0161] At 314, WTRU 302 may receive, from network 304, conformation to reconfigure itself according to a modified first sensing configuration, the second sensing configuration, or limited sensing operation. At 316, WTRU 302 performs the sensing operation based on 314. That is,WTRU 302 may perform the sensing operation with the modified first sensing configuration or the second sensing configuration. WTRU 302 may instead perform a limited sensing operation instead of the sensing operation as originally intended.

[0162] FIG. 4 shows an exemplary signaling diagram which shows procedures for partial compliance with sensing configurations based on WTRU status, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Diagram 400 includes WTRU 302 and network 304 in communication with one another.

[0163] At 402, which may correspond to 306, WTRU 302 may receive a first sensing configuration and a second sensing configuration from network 304. At 402, WTRU 302 may further receive conditions associated with each of the first sensing configuration and the second sensing configuration.

[0164] At 404, WTRU 302 may determine whether to comply with the first sensing configuration or the second sensing configuration based on its status regarding the conditions received from 402. Said another way, upon receiving the first sensing configuration and / or second sensing configuration, the WTRU may send an acknowledgement message (e.g., an ACK message) or a negative acknowledgement (e.g., an NACK message) for one or both of the first sensing configuration and / or second sensing configurations. WTRU 302 may send an indication of a determination of partial compliance with the either one or both of the first sensing configuration and the second sensing configuration. The indication of partial compliance may specify one or more aspects (e.g., a respective active measurement time, a respective UL resource, or a respective periodicity) of the first sensing configuration and / or sensing configuration that WTRU 302 may comply with. For example, the indication may specify that WTRU 302 may comply with the specified UL resources of the first sensing configuration but not the specified active measurement time of the first sensing configuration.

[0165] In certain representative embodiments, WTRU 302 may indicate a time which a sensing operation may be performed using the first sensing configuration and / or the second sensing configurations with a particular RRC state (e.g., idle, inactive, or connected). WTRU 302 may transmit an indication of initial configuration failure. Network 304 may send a confirmation (e.g., an ACK or NACK message) for partial compliance to WTRU 304. WTRU 302 may then perform a sensing operation based on an available sensing configuration.

[0166] At 406, WTRU 302 may send a response to network 304. Such a response may indicate partial compliance with either one or both of the first sensing configuration and second sensing configuration received in 402. Such a response may indicate a negative acknowledgement of either one or both of the first sensing configuration and second sensing configuration received in 402.

[0167] At 408, WTRU 302 may receive, from network 304, confirmation regarding the response sent by WTRU 302 in 406. For example, WTRU 302 may receive confirmation as to whether it may proceed with a sensing operation with partial compliance of either one or both of the first sensing configuration and second sensing configuration.

[0168] At 410, WTRU 302 may perform a sensing operation based on the confirmation received from 408. For example, WTRU 302 may perform a sensing operation with the first sensing configuration, even if WTRU 302 abides partially to the first sensing configuration.

[0169] In certain representative embodiments, upon receiving a request for a sensing operation, WTRU 302 may report assistance information for initiating a sensing operation with network 304 based on the status of WTRU 302.

[0170] In certain representative embodiments, WTRU 302 may receive a sensing request (e.g., by way of a dedicated message or SIB) from network 304. The request may include conditions for which to perform sensing. For example, the conditions may specify any one or more of the following: a zone for which to perform the requested sensing operation; a valid location or locations for the sensing operation to occur; a valid range of DL-RSRP values for the sensing operation to occur; a threshold indicating an acceptable energy level of WTRU 302 for performing the sensing operation; or a threshold indicating an acceptable data activity level of WTRU 302 for performing the sensing operation.

[0171] In certain representative embodiments, upon receiving the sensing request, WTRU 302 may send an indication of sensing availability to network 304 based on the current status of WTRU 302. The indication of sensing ability may be sent if any one or more of the following conditions are satisfied: the combined configurations for communications and for sensing may have not exceeded the capabilities of WTRU 302 (e.g., which may be a supported frequency or frequencies); the current energy level of WTRU 302 exceeds a threshold; the current location of WTRU 302 is the same as the requested one or more locations; the current location of WTRU 302 is a valid location; the measured DL-RSRP value is within the valid range of DL-RSRP values; and / or the data activity level is less than a threshold.

[0172] In certain representative embodiments, an indication of sensing ability, as sent by WTRU 302, may further include assistance information that supports a sensing configuration. That is, the indication may also include information that may aid in sensing. For example, the assistance information may specify to perform an RRC connection or may specify a preferred configuration. The preferred configuration may specify a DL periodicity, duration of active measurement, one or more UL resources to use for the sensing task, and / or an associated frequency that may be aligned to DRC on or for a duration.

[0173] In certain representative embodiments, WTRU 302 may receive a sensing configuration from network 304. WTRU 302 may perform a sensing operation based on the received sensing configuration. If WTRU 302 does not receive a sensing configuration from network 304, WTRU 304 may not perform the sensing operation.

[0174] Summarily, WTRU 302 may be able to provide information about when the sensing operation is available based on its status. Upon receiving information from WTRU 302, network 304 may initiate a sensing operation involving WTRU 302. In certain representative embodiments, network 304 may send a sensing request and associated conditions to one or more WTRUs. For example, network 304 may transmit a message which includes sensing configurations and / or parameters with included conditions to the WTRUs via SIB, RRC dedicated messages, and / or NAS signaling.

[0175] In certain representative embodiments, upon receiving a sensing request, WTRU 302 may send an indication (e.g., an indication of sensing availability) with additional information to network 304, based on one or more statuses and / or conditions of WTRU 302. For example, WTRU 302 may send the availability indication via one of UCI, SR, BSR, MAC-CE, and / or RRC message. The indication may include a single bit indicating the ability to perform a sensing operation.

[0176] In certain representative embodiments, a sensing availability indication may indicate that WTRU 302 is able to, is ready to, and / or has capability to perform a sensing operation. The sensing availability indication may indicate that WTRU 302 is anticipating receiving a sensing configuration. The sensing availability indication may indicate that WTRU 302 may be activated for a sensing operation from network 304. The sensing availability indication may include an RRC state (e.g., connected or inactive). The sensing availability indication may specify a sensing duration for which a sensing operation is to be active (e.g., the indication may specify one or more slots, one or more subframes, or seconds for which to perform sensing).

[0177] In certain representative embodiments, WTRU 302 may send supportable sensing capabilities. WTRU 302 may send supportable sensing capabilities based on receiving a request from network 304 to report supportable sensing capabilities. WTRU 304 may receive a request to perform sensing from network 304. WTRU 302 may report a sensing applicability indication to network 304, indicating which sensing capability, out of a set of sensing capabilities, may be supported given the condition of WTRU 302. For example, the remaining battery power or RRC state of WTRU 302 may be used to determine the condition of WTRU 302. Each capability in the first set of capabilities may be associated with an ID. WTRU 302 may indicate the ID in the sensing applicability indication.

[0178] FIG. 5 shows an exemplary signaling diagram which shows procedures for sensing activation based on WTRU assistance information, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Diagram 500 includes WTRU 302 and network 304 in communication with one another.

[0179] At 502, which may correspond to one or both of 306 or 402, WTRU 302 may receive a sensing request and conditions associated with the sensing request. At 502, WTRU 302 may receive a first sensing configuration and a second sensing configuration, along with conditions associated with one or both of the sensing configurations. The sensing request and conditions may be received via an SIB and / or a dedicated message along with associated conditions, which may include a sensing activation message from network 304. Upon receiving the sensing request and conditions, WTRU 302 may send an indication indicative of an availability to perform a sensing operation based on its status. For example, when WTRU 302 is in an idle or connected state, WTRU 302 may perform a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission to indicate its availability. WTRU 302 may indicate, provide, or set a cause of setup or resumption of sensing activation during an RRC connection or resumption procedure.

[0180] At 504, WTRU 302 may determine an indication indicative of sensing availability based on its status and one or more associated conditions received from 502. At 506, WTRU 302 may provide an indication of availability and assistance information to network 304. Such an indication may be provided to network 304 to activate a sensing operation. The assistance information may specify any one or more of the following: a preferred DL / UL sensing configuration, a UL resource, and / or an alignment to a duration of DRX. Upon receiving assistance information for sensing activation from WTRU 302, network 304 may configure a sensing configuration and activate a sensing operation with WTRU 302.

[0181] In certain representative embodiments, while performing a sensing operation with a sensing configuration received from 502, WTRU 502 may determine whether to comply with the sensing configuration. WTRU 502 may determine whether to send a negative acknowledgement of the sensing configuration and / or may a request of reconfiguration with information for using a different sensing configuration based on its status.

[0182] At 508, WTRU 302 may receive, from network 304, a configuration that includes one or more configurations for a sensing operation. For example, WTRU 302 may receive a list of sensing configurations and associated conditions network 304. Said another way, a first sensing configuration (e.g., an initial or common configuration) and a second sensing configuration may be received. Each received sensing configuration may specify a DL signal or signals (e.g., SSB), may be associated with a measuring time (e.g., a duration and / or periodicity for reporting and / orfor performing sensing measurements), a UL resource (e.g., UL grant), and / or may be associated with a periodicity.

[0183] In certain representative embodiments, conditions may be associated with each of the received sensing configurations. These conditions are indicative of acceptable situations of when to use a respective sensing configuration. These conditions may specify any one or more of the following: a valid location or locations for performing a sensing task, a range of acceptable DL- RSRP values for performing a sensing task; a threshold energy level for performing a sensing task that may not be exceeded or subceeded; a threshold data activity level for performing a sensing task that may not be exceeded or subceeded; and / or an RRC state (e.g., connected, inactive, or idle) for performing the sensing task.

[0184] At 506, WTRU 302 may transmit an indication indicative of its availability to perform a sensing operation with supporting information to activate the sensing operation. At 506, upon receiving the sensing configuration, WTRU 302 may initiate the transmission of an uplink message if it determines that it may be unable to comply with the one or more sensing configurations and / or if at least one of the conditions associated with a sensing configuration may not be satisfied. For example, if the current location of WTRU 302 is not a valid location or if a measured DL-RSRP value is outside of the valid range of DL-RSRP values, then WTRU 302 may send such a transmission.

[0185] In certain representative embodiments, WTRU 302 may transmit a response (e.g., an RRC message) that may include a negative acknowledgement for each respective associated sensing configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, WTRU 302 may transmit an indication of partial compliance with respect to one or more received sensing configurations. Such an indication may specify which aspects of a respective sensing configuration WTRU 302 may be able to comply with.

[0186] In certain representative embodiments, while performing a sensing operation with a first sensing configuration, WTRU 302 may send an indication or request for reconfiguration to network 304. The indication may be based upon the current status of WTRU 302. The current status may be based on any one or more of the following conditions: the current energy level of WTRU 302 being below a particular threshold; the current location not being in valid location; the measured DL-RSRP value falling outside of a valid range of DL-RSRP values; and / or the data activity level of WTRI 302 being below a particular threshold.

[0187] In certain representative embodiments, WTRU 302 may transmit an indication to reconfigure a first sensing configuration. The indication may include an indication of configuration failure of the first sensing configuration with causes (e.g., location, low energy, or low dataactivity). The indication for reconfiguration of the first sensing configuration may specify any one or more of the following: the requested DL signal or signals, a duration of active sensing operation, a reporting periodicity, a requested periodicity for reporting, and / or remaining available sensing operation time. The indication of a determination for reconfiguration with a second sensing configuration may include the cause of determination for reconfiguration (e.g., location, low energy, low data activity), remaining available sensing operation time with RRC states (e.g., idle and / or inactive), and / or the indication of the determination.

[0188] In certain representative embodiments, an indication indicative of determining a limited sensing operation with the first sensing configuration may include the indication of limited measurement time and / or reporting. The indication may specify an active measuring time (e.g., a duration and / or periodicity), a UL resource, and / or a periodicity for reporting.

[0189] At 508, WTRU 302 may receive one or more sensing configurations to perform a sensing operation from network 304. If WTRU 302 receives a new sensing configuration, reconfiguration information for a currently used sensing configuration, and / or a confirmation to use a given sensing configuration for a limited sensing operation, then WTRU 302, at 510, may perform the sensing operation based on the received sensing configuration. Said another way, at 510, WTRU 302 may perform a sensing operation according to the instructions received from network 304 at 508. If WTRU 302 does not receive any suitable configuration from network 302, WTRU 302 may stop the sensing operation and may release the current sensing configuration.

[0190] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for how a WTRU may perform a sensing operation based on a first sensing configuration and then determine to perform the sensing operation using a sensing configuration different from the first sensing configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Such a WTRU may correspond to any of the WTRUs previously mentioned above (e.g., any one of WTRUs 102a- 102d, 202, or 302). Such a WTRU may be in communication with any one of the networks previously mentioned above (e.g., any one of RANs 114a-144b, eNBs 160a-160c, gNBs 180a- 180c, network 206-208, or network 304). Such a procedure is shown in diagram 600.

[0191] At 602, a WTRU may receive, from the wireless network, sensing configuration information including at least one configuration and at least one condition. 602 may correspond to any one or more of 306 of FIG. 3, 402 of FIG. 4, or 502 of FIG. 5.

[0192] At 604, a WTRU may perform sensing operations based on a first configuration of the at least one configuration. 604 may correspond to any one or more of 308 of FIG. 3.

[0193] In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition includes any one or more of the following: a combined configuration for communication and for sensing not exceeding atleast one capability of the WTRU, a current energy level of the WTRU being above a threshold, a current location of the WRTU being in a valid location, or a measured DL-RSRP value being within a valid range of DL-RSRP values or an RRC state. In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition is based on a data activity level of the WTRU. In certain representative embodiments, the condition includes the data activity level being above an associated threshold. In certain representative embodiments, the condition is based on a connected RRC state of the WTRU. In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition includes at least one WTRU capability, where the at least one WTRU capability includes at least one of: a supported frequency, a band combination, a supported BWP, a minimum resource block or blocks, a supported band, monitoring of a DL signal or signals, a maximum transmission power, or a maximum reception sensitivity.

[0194] At 606, a WTRU may, while performing the sensing operations based on the first configuration, determine that at least one of: the WTRU is no longer able to comply with the first configuration based on a status of the WTRU or that the at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied based on the status of the WTRU. 606 may correspond to any one or more of 310 of FIG. 3, 404 of FIG. 4, or 504 of FIG. 5.

[0195] At 608, a WTRU may, based on the determination that the WTRU is unable to comply with the first configuration or that the at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied, transmit to the wireless network a first indication that the WTRU is to be reconfigured. 608 may correspond to any one or more of 312 of FIG. 3, 406 of FIG. 4, or 506 of FIG. 5.

[0196] In certain representative embodiments, the first indication includes a negative acknowledgement. In certain representative embodiments, the first indication includes an indication of partial compliance with the first configuration. In certain representative embodiments, the first indication includes an indication of a configuration failure of the first configuration and information about a cause of the configuration failure. In certain representative embodiments, the first indication includes information related to a preferred configuration for the WTRU. In certain representative embodiments, the information includes a DL periodicity, a DL duration, a UL resource, or an associated frequency aligned to DRX for a duration. In certain representative embodiments, the first indication includes information indicative of a cause of the determination, which includes at least one of a location of the WTRU, an energy level of the WTRU, a low data activity eve of the WTRU, or an RRC state transition of the WTRU.

[0197] At 610, a WTRU may receive, from the wireless network, a second indication, that was generated based at least in part on the first indication, instructing the WTRU to at least one of:reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration or to operate based on limited sensing operation. 610 may correspond to 314 of FIG. 3.

[0198] In certain representative embodiments, the second indication instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration includes an instruction to reconfigure the WTRU based on a second configuration of the at least one configuration. In certain representative embodiments, the second indication instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration includes an acknowledgement that the WTRU has reconfigured itself as indicated in the first indication. In certain representative embodiments, the second indication instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration includes an instruction that reconfiguration is not allowed, and the performing the subsequent sensing operations includes stopping the sensing operations. In certain representative embodiments, the second indication instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration is not received, and performing the subsequent sensing operations includes stopping the sensing operations.

[0199] At 612, a WTRU may perform subsequent sensing operations based on the second indication. 612 may correspond to 316 of FIG. 3.

[0200] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for how a WTRU may perform a sensing operation based on a first sensing configuration and then receive an instruction to perform the sensing operation differently from the first sensing configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Such a WTRU may correspond to any of the WTRUs previously mentioned above (e.g., any one of WTRUs 102a-102d, 202, or 302). Such a WTRU may be in communication with any one of the networks previously mentioned above (e.g., any one ofRANs 114a-144b, eNBs 160a-160c, gNBs 180a-180c, network 206-208, or network 304). Such a procedure is shown in diagram 700.

[0201] At 702, a WTRU may receive, from the wireless network, sensing configuration information including at least one configuration and at least one condition. 702 may correspond to any one or more of 306 of FIG. 3, 402 of FIG. 4, or 502 of FIG. 5.

[0202] At 704, a WTRU may determine that the WTRU does not comply with a first configuration of the at least one configuration or that at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied. 704 may correspond to 404 of FIG. 4.

[0203] In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition includes at least one of a combined configuration for communication and for sensing not exceeding at least one capability of the WTRU, a current energy level of the WTRU being above a first threshold, a current location of the WRTU is a valid location, or a measured DL-RSRP value is within a valid range of DL-RSRP values or an RRC state. In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition is based on a data activity level of the WTRU. In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition includes the data activity level being above an associated threshold. In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition is based on a RRC connected state of the WTRU. In certain representative embodiments, the at least one condition includes at least one WTRU capability, where the at least one WTRU capability includes at least one of: a supported frequency, a band combination, a BWP, a minimum resource block or blocks, a supported band, monitoring of a DL signal or signals, a maximum transmission power, or maximum reception sensitivity.

[0204] At 706, a WTRU may, based on the determination, transmit, to the wireless network, a first message including at least one of: a respective negative acknowledgement for one or more of the at least one configuration or an indication of partial compliance with the one or more of the at least one configuration. 706 may correspond to 406 of FIG. 4.

[0205] In certain representative embodiments, the first message includes at least one of: a respective negative acknowledgement for the first configuration, or an indication of partial compliance with the first configuration. In certain representative embodiments, the indication of partial compliance with the first configuration includes information related to a preferred configuration for the WTRU. In certain representative embodiments, the information includes at least one of: a DL periodicity, a DL duration, a UL resource, an associated frequency aligned to DRX for a duration. In certain representative embodiments, the information is indicative of a cause of the determination, which includes one of a location of the WTRU, an energy level of the WTRU, or a low data activity of the WTRU or RRC state transition of WTRU. In certain representative embodiments, the first message includes an indication of partial compliance with the first configuration. In certain representative embodiments, the first message includes an indication of a configuration failure of the first configuration and information about a cause of the configuration failure.

[0206] At 708, a WTRU may receive, from the wireless network, a second message, that was generated based at least in part on the first message, instructing the WTRU to at least one of: reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration or to operate based on limited sensing operation. 708 may correspond to 408 of FIG. 4.

[0207] In certain representative embodiments, the second message instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration includes an instruction to reconfigure the WTRU based on a second configuration of the at least one configuration. In certain representative embodiments, the second message instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on anew configuration includes an acknowledgement that the WTRU has reconfigured itself as indicated in the first indication.

[0208] At 710, a WTRU may perform sensing operations based on the second message. 710 may correspond to 410 of FIG. 4.

[0209] Thus, the systems and methods disclosed herein provide at least one way for a WTRU to negotiate a sensing configuration between itself and a network according to WTRU conditions. WTRU conditions may include, but are not limited to, its location, energy level, and / or data activity. A WTRU may request a reconfiguration procedure with a requested sensing configuration or determine to use a different sensing configuration from the sensing configuration currently being used. Based on indications received from the network or based on determinations made locally, a WTRU may perform a sensing operation with an optimized sensing configuration.

[0210] Although features and elements are provided above in particular combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations may be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. No element, act, or instruction used in the description of the present application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless explicitly provided as such. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods or systems.

[0211] The foregoing embodiments are discussed, for simplicity, with regard to the terminology and structure of wireless communication capable devices, (e.g., radio wave emitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems but may be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves such as acoustic waves.

[0212] It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "imagery" may mean any of a snapshot, single image and / or multiple images displayed over a time basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the terms "user equipment" and itsabbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the terms "head mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a number of embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a wireless-capable and / or wired-capable (e.g., tetherable) device configured with, inter alia, some or all structures and functionality of a WTRU; (iii) a wireless-capable and / or wired-capable device configured with less than all structures and functionality of a WTRU; or (iv) the like. Details of an example WTRU, which may be representative of any WTRU recited herein, are provided herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1D. As another example, various disclosed embodiments herein supra and infra are described as utilizing a head mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a device other than the head mounted display may be utilized and some or all of the disclosure and various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other device may include a drone or other device configured to stream information for providing the adapted reality experience.

[0213] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer- readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0214] Variations of the method, apparatus and system provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. In view of the wide variety of embodiments that can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are examples only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the following claims. For instance, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices, which may include or be utilized with any appropriate voltage source, such as a battery and the like, providing any appropriate voltage.

[0215] Moreover, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices that include processors are noted. These devices may include at least one Central Processing Unit ("CPU") and memory. In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations or instructions may be performed by the various CPUs and memories.Such acts and operations or instructions may be referred to as being "executed," "computer executed" or "CPU executed."

[0216] One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the acts and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. An electrical system represents data bits that can cause a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signals and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in a memory system to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the CPU's operation, as well as other processing of signals. The memory locations where data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to or representative of the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned platforms or CPUs and that other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0217] The data bits may also be maintained on a computer readable medium including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., Read-Only Memory (ROM)) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer readable medium may include cooperating or interconnected computer readable medium, which exist exclusively on the processing system or are distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memories and that other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0218] In an illustrative embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0219] There is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems. The use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software may become significant) a design choice representing cost versus efficiency tradeoffs. There may be various vehicles by which processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein may be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred vehicle may vary with the context in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and / or firmware vehicle. If flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0220] The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and / or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples may be implemented, individually and / or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In an embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, may be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and / or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subj ect matter described herein may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a CD, a DVD, a digital tape, a computer memory, etc., and a transmission type medium such as a digital and / or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).

[0221] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and / or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein may be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system may generally include one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and / or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g.,feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, control motors for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0222] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components included within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures may be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality may be achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality may be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated may also be viewed as being "operably connected", or "operably coupled", to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated may also be viewed as being "operably couplable" to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.

[0223] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

[0224] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. As an aid to understanding, the following appended claims and / or the descriptions herein may include usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim including such introduced claimrecitation to embodiments including only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"). The same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B." Further, the terms "any of followed by a listing of a plurality of items and / or a plurality of categories of items, as used herein, are intended to include "any of," "any combination of," "any multiple of," and / or "any combination of multiples of the items and / or the categories of items, individually or in conjunction with other items and / or other categories of items. Moreover, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. And the term "multiple", as used herein, is intended to be synonymous with "a plurality".

[0225] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0226] As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized assufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein may be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as "up to," "at least," "greater than," "less than," and the like includes the number recited and refers to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) in communication with a wireless network for object sensing, the method comprising: receiving, from the wireless network, sensing configuration information comprising at least one configuration and at least one condition; performing sensing operations based on a first configuration of the at least one configuration; while performing the sensing operations based on the first configuration, determining that at least one of: the WTRU is no longer able to comply with the first configuration based on a status of the WTRU or that the at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied based on the status of the WTRU; based on the determination that the WTRU is unable to comply with the first configuration or that the at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied, transmitting to the wireless network a first indication that the WTRU is to be reconfigured; receiving, from the wireless network, a second indication, that was generated based at least in part on the first indication, instructing the WTRU to at least one of: reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration or to operate based on limited sensing operation; and performing subsequent sensing operations based on the second indication.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one condition comprises any one or more of: a combined configuration for communication and for sensing not exceeding at least one capability of the WTRU; a current energy level of the WTRU being above a threshold; a current location of the WRTU being in a valid location; or a measured downlink reference signal received power (DL-RSRP) value being within a valid range of DL-RSRP values or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) state.

3. The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the at least one condition is based on any one or more of a data activity level of the WTRU being above an associated threshold or a connected Radio Resource Control (RRC) state of the WTRU.

4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first indication comprises information related to a preferred configuration for the WTRU and the information comprises any one or more of:a downlink (DL) periodicity; a DL duration; an uplink (UL) resource; or an associated frequency aligned to discontinuous reception (DRX) for a duration.

5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the first indication comprises information indicative of a cause of the determination, the information indicative of the cause of the determination comprising any one or more of: a location of the WTRU; an energy level of the WTRU; a low data activity of the WTRU; or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) state transition of the WTRU.

6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least one condition comprises at least one WTRU capability, wherein the at least one WTRU capability comprises any one or more of: a supported frequency; a band combination; a supported bandwidth part (BWP); a minimum resource block or blocks; a supported band; monitoring of a downlink (DL) signal or signals; a maximum transmission power; or a maximum reception sensitivity.

7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the second indication instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU is based on any one or more of: a first new configuration comprising an instruction to reconfigure the WTRU based on a second configuration of the at least one configuration; or a second new configuration comprising an acknowledgement that the WTRU has reconfigured itself as indicated in the first indication.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the second indication instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration comprises an instruction that reconfigurationis not allowed and wherein the performing the subsequent sensing operations comprises stopping the sensing operations.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the second indication instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration is not received and wherein performing the subsequent sensing operations comprises stopping the sensing operations.

10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the first indication comprises any one or more of a negative acknowledgement (NACK); an indication of partial compliance with the first configuration; or indication of a configuration failure of the first configuration and information about a cause of the configuration failure.

11. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) in communication with a wireless network for object sensing, the method comprising: receiving, from the wireless network, sensing configuration information comprising at least one configuration and at least one condition; determining that the WTRU does not comply with a first configuration of the at least one configuration or that at least one of the at least one condition is not satisfied; based on the determination, transmitting, to the wireless network, a first message comprising at least one of a respective negative acknowledgement for one or more of the at least one configuration or an indication of partial compliance with the one or more of the at least one configuration; receiving, from the wireless network, a second message, that was generated based at least in part on the first message, instructing the WTRU to at least one of reconfigure the WTRU based on a new configuration or to operate based on limited sensing operation; and performing sensing operations based on the second message.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one condition comprises any one or more of a combined configuration for communication and for sensing not exceeding at least one capability of the WTRU; a current energy level of the WTRU being above a first threshold; a current location of the WTRU being in a valid location; ora measured downlink reference signal received power (DL-RSRP) value being within a valid range of DL-RSRP values or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) state.

13. The method of any one of claims 11-12, wherein the at least one condition is based on any one or more of a data activity level of the WTRU being above an associated threshold or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state of the WTRU.

14. The method of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the indication of partial compliance with the first configuration comprises information related to a preferred configuration for the WTRU.

15. The method of any one of claims 11-14, wherein the information related to a preferred configuration comprises any one or more of: a downlink (DL) periodicity; a DL duration; an uplink (UL) resource; or an associated frequency aligned to discontinuous reception (DRX) for a duration.

16. The method of any one of claims 11-15, wherein the information is indicative of a cause of the determination, which the information comprises any one or more of: a location of the WTRU; an energy level of the WTRU; a low data activity of the WTRU; or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) state transition of the WTRU.

17. The method of any one of claims 11-16, wherein the at least one condition comprises at least one WTRU capability, wherein the at least one WTRU capability comprises any one or more of: a supported frequency; a band combination; a supported bandwidth part (BWP); a minimum resource block or blocks; a supported band; monitoring of a downlink (DL) signal or signals; a maximum transmission power; or a maximum reception sensitivity.

18. The method of any one of claims 11-17, wherein the second message instructing the WTRU to reconfigure the WTRU based on any one or more of: a first new configuration comprising an instruction to reconfigure the WTRU based on a second configuration of the at least one configuration; or a second new configuration comprising an acknowledgement that the WTRU has reconfigured itself as indicated in the first message.

19. The method of any one of claims 11-18, wherein the first message comprises an indication of a configuration failure of the first configuration and information about a cause of the configuration failure or an indication of partial compliance with the first configuration.

20. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising processing circuitry and a transceiver for performing the method of any one of claims 1-19.

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