Compounds and methods of use thereof for treatment of health conditions and drug screening

Abstract

Compounds, compositions and methods effective for treating a subject having or suspected of developing a health condition, for example, cancer (i.e. brain cancer or a cancer metastasizing to the brain). The method of treating cancer can include administering a pharmaceutical composition to a subject. The composition may include least one of compound. Optionally, one or more additional anti-cancer therapies may be administered with the pharmaceutical composition. The compounds, compositions and methods can be further used for drug screening, detection and isolation.

Description

Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF FOR TREATMENT OF HEALTH CONDITIONS AND DRUG SCREENING CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 685,356 filed August 21, 2024, the specification of which is incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention features compounds, compositions, and methods for making and using small molecules for treating health conditions. In some embodiments, the compositions include one or more novel compounds, tagged compounds, prodrugs, drug conjugates and metabolites, and intermediary compounds thereof. In other embodiments, the present invention features compounds, compositions and methods for treating and / or managing, and / or preemptively preventing, and / or reducing, and / or significantly decreasing cancers. In some other embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods relate to drug screening and other methods for generating novel compounds. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Despite advances in oncology treatment, cancer remains a leading cause of death due to its high morbidity and mortality. Small molecule therapy can be successful for treatment of some cancers; however, many have a narrow therapeutic index and are not highly selective causing unwanted drug toxicity in a subject. Poor penetrance into sanctuary sites (e.g., CNS) requires some small molecules to be administered at high concentrations which can further contribute to toxic side effects. Additionally, many cancers develop drug resistance to some small molecule therapies over time resulting in relapse of the disease. Therefore, a need exists for creating novel small molecules for more successful treatments for cancers and other health conditions. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] It is an objective of the present invention to provide compounds, compositions, and methods of using small molecules for treating health conditions, such as cancer or cancers that metastasize to the brain, drug screening and other methods for identifying and generating novel compounds. Embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims. Embodiments of the present invention can be freely combined with each other if they are not mutually exclusive.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0005] As will be discussed herein, the compounds, compositions, and methods are effective for crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and acting as a tubulin-targeting therapy specific for brain cancer, significantly depolymerizing tubulin to stop cell division and kill cancer cells and resulting in reduced tumor growth.

[0006] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides for compounds for use to treat, prevent, or ameliorate a health condition in a subject or of use as combination therapies in treating, reducing onset, or ameliorating a health condition in a subject in need thereof.

[0007] In some embodiments, the present invention features a method of preventing, delaying the onset of, or treating a health condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.

[0008] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of treating a health condition in a subject having, having had, suspected of developing, or at risk of developing a health condition, the method including administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.

[0009] In some embodiments, the subject is a human or a non-human animal. In other embodiments, the non-human subject is a livestock, a companion animal, a lab animal, or a zoological, a wild animal, reptile, fish or bird. In some embodiments, the subject is a cat, dog, mouse, rat, horse, cow, pig, goat, sheep, monkey, or other mammal.

[0010] In some embodiments, the health condition comprises one or more cancers. In certain embodiments, the health condition can be cancer such as prostate cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, metastatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, bone sarcoma, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, blood cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, medulloblastoma, or other solid organ, cellular or tissue cancer or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer can be Ewing sarcoma. In other embodiments, the cancer can be melanoma. In some embodiments, the health condition comprises brain cancer or a cancer capable of metastasizing to the brain. In some embodiments, the cancer is glioblastoma, high-grade glioma, other brain cancer, non-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before or after metastasizing to the brain, a vascularized cancer, or any combination thereof.

[0011] In some embodiments, the health condition comprises a non-neoplastic condition. In someReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 embodiments, the health condition comprises gout, familial Mediterranean fever, or nail fungus. In other embodiments, the health condition comprises vascular disease.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administration of one or more of an anti-microbial agents, chemotherapeutic agent, other anti-cancer therapy, or antibody or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-microbial agent comprises one or more of an anti-viral, bactericidal agents, anti-fungal, or anti-bacterial agent or other anti-microbial agent. In further embodiments, the anti-microbial agent can be an anti-bacterial agent (antibiotic) such as doxycycline, tetracycline, or other antibiotics such as a generally applicable antibiotic.

[0013] In some embodiments, the chemotherapeutic agent comprises one or more of temozolomide, lomustine, belzutifan, cisplatin, carboplatin, nedaplatin, triplatin tetranitrate, phenanthriplatin, picoplatin, satraplatin, Doxorubicin, Melphalan, Roscovitine, Mitomycin C, Hydroxyurea, 5-Fluorouracil, AraC (cytarabine), 6- mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, Cisplatin, Ara-C, Etoposide, Gemcitabine, Bortezomib, Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Sodium Valproate, a HDAC Inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, or Dacarbazine, FLT3 inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors, P-glycoprotein modulators, hypomethylating agents, or a combination thereof.

[0014] In some embodiments, the anti-cancer therapy comprises one or more of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and / or surgery. In other embodiments, the anti-cancer therapy further comprises one or more anti-cancer therapeutic or treatment, e.g., one or more of chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapies, small molecules, and an immunomodulatory agent. In some embodiments, anti-cancer therapeutics or treatments can be administered separately from a compound disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.

[0015] In other embodiments, the anti-microbial agent, a chemotherapeutic agent, other anti-cancer therapy, or antibody or fragment thereof, is administered before, during or after the administration of one or more compounds or compositions as disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.

[0016] In some embodiments, the health condition is cancer, and the one or more anti-cancer treatments comprises administration of one or more of temozolomide, lomustine, belzutifan, or any combination thereof before, during or after administering the composition. In other embodiments, the health condition is NSCLC, and the one or more anti-cancer treatments comprises administration of one or more of Crizotinib, Osimertinib, or any combination thereof before, duringReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 or after administering the composition.

[0017] In some embodiments, the composition is effective for preventing cancer cells from dividing. In some embodiments, the composition is effective for inhibiting tubulin polymerization. In other embodiments, the composition is effective for destabilizing microtubules.

[0018] In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of the composition is determined based on the disorder treated and the mechanism of delivery. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective dose in a human is in the range of 0.5-5 mg / kg twice daily. In other embodiments, the therapeutically effective dose in a mouse is in the range of 1-25 mg / kg.

[0019] In some embodiments, the route of administration is one or more of intravenous injection, oral administration, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intrasternal injection, intrathecal administration, intratumoral, intravascular, intracerebral injection, intracisternal, intracerebroventricular, intranasal or inhalation, parenteral, buccal, enteral, intraperitoneal, inhalable, infused, intramuscular, ophthalmic, intravitreal, otic, rectal, sublingual, topical, transdermal, intrapulmonary, intrauterine, vaginal, via ultrasound-mediated blood brain barrier disruption, implantable devices, infusion techniques, or nanoparticle-based delivery.

[0020] In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of a tablet, pill, coated tablet or coated pill. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered to a subject before, during, or after at least one compound is administered at least once daily, every other day, every third day, twice weekly, weekly, every other week, twice monthly or monthly, every other month, every six months, or other suitable dosing regimen.

[0021] In other embodiments, the methods may further include administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more anti-cancer agents or treatments to a subject prior to, simultaneously, or after administering an effective amount of at least one compound or formulation disclosed herein to the subject. In accordance with these embodiments, the one or more anti-cancer treatments can include radiation therapy.

[0022] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of drug screening to identify a therapeutically effective drug candidate to treat a health condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (a) identifying an in vitro or in vivo model for a health condition; (b) administering the drug candidate and at least one compound disclosed herein, or derivative thereof, to the in vitro or in vivo model; (c) determining efficacy, toxicity, or side effects of theReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 drug candidate and the at least one compound disclosed herein, or derivative thereof; and (d) comparing the efficacy, toxicity, or side effects of the drug candidate and the at least one compound disclosed herein, or derivative thereof, to identify the therapeutically effective drug candidate.

[0023] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of detecting a target cell with abnormal cell division. The method may comprise: (a) identifying a sample comprising the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) determining whether the small molecule conjugated with the tag binds to the target cell with abnormal cell division. In some embodiments, the small molecule is one of the compounds disclosed herein, or a derivative thereof.

[0024] In further embodiments, the affinity-based assay is an immuno-based assay, receptor-based assay, antibody-based assay, nanoparticle-based assay, chemical assay, optical assay, or kinetic binding assay. In other embodiments, the affinity-based assay is a gel electrophoresis, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot assay, fluorescence intensity assay, fluorescence anisotropy assay, fluorescence energy transfer assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, light scattering assay, forward binding assay, dissociation assay, or reverse binding assay. In some embodiments, the affinity-based assay is a colchicine competitive binding assay.

[0025] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of detecting a protein expressed by a target cell with abnormal cell division. The method may comprise the steps of: (a) identifying a sample comprising the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) determining whether the small molecule conjugated with a tag binds to protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division. In some embodiments, the small molecule is one of the compounds disclosed herein, or derivative thereof. In further embodiments, the affinity-based assay is an immuno-based assay, receptor-based assay, antibody-based assay, nanoparticle-based assay, chemical assay, optical assay, or kinetic binding assay. In other embodiments, the affinity-based assay is a gel electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot assay, fluorescence intensity assay, fluorescence anisotropy assay, fluorescence energy transfer assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, light scattering assay, forward binding assay, dissociation assay, or reverse binding assay. In some embodiments, the affinity- based assay is a colchicine competitive binding assay.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0026] In some embodiments, the present invention features a method of detecting or isolating a target cell with abnormal cell division. The method may comprise the steps of: (a) identifying a sample comprising the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based pull-down assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) selectively isolating the target cell with abnormal cell division. In some embodiments, the small molecule is one of the compounds disclosed herein, or a derivative thereof.

[0027] In other embodiments, the method of detecting or isolating a protein expressed by a target cell with abnormal cell division may comprise the steps of: (a) identifying a sample comprising the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based pull-down assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) selectively isolating the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division. In other embodiments, the small molecule is one of the compounds disclosed herein, or a derivative thereof.

[0028] Suitable methods and materials for the practice and / or testing of embodiments of the disclosure are described below. Such methods, materials and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. Other methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used. For example, conventional methods well known in the art to which the disclosure pertains are described in various general and more specific references.

[0029] Any feature or combination of features described herein are included within the scope of the present invention provided that the features included in any such combination are not mutually inconsistent as will be apparent from the context, this specification, and the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. Additional advantages and aspects of the present invention are apparent in the following detailed description and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

[0030] The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description presented in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0031] FIG. 1 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0786).Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0032] FIG. 2 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0794).

[0033] FIG. 3 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0809).

[0034] FIG. 4 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0810).

[0035] FIG. 5 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0818).

[0036] FIG.6 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-isopropoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0846).

[0037] FIG. 7 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0781).

[0038] FIG. 8 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0798).

[0039] FIG. 9 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(-3-oxa-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0797).

[0040] FIG. 10 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0790).

[0041] FIG.11 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0795).

[0042] FIG. 12 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(-3-oxa-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1- carboxamide (RGN0787).

[0043] FIG.13 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0791).

[0044] FIG. 14 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-(6- (piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0845).

[0045] FIG. 15 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-cyclopropoxy-N-(6- (piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0835).

[0046] FIG. 16 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrimidin-2-Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0858).

[0047] FIG. 17 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(5-chloropyrimidin-2- yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0820).

[0048] FIG. 18 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-2- yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0847).

[0049] FIG. 19 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyridin-2- yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0857).

[0050] FIG. 20 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(3-fluoropiperidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0886).

[0051] FIG.21 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0888).

[0052] FIG. 22 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(3- azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1- carboxamide (RGN0899).

[0053] FIG. 23 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(4-fluoropiperidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0900).

[0054] FIG.24 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(3,3-difluoropiperidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0946).

[0055] FIG. 25 represents a chemical scheme for the synthesis of N-(6-(1,1-difluoro-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0958).

[0056] FIG. 26 represents an exemplary experiment illustrating inhibition of tubulin polymerization. The effects of RGN0886 and RGN0900 at 5 μM concentrations are shown. Colchicine and paclitaxel are positive controls.

[0057] FIG. 27 represents fluorescence-based colchicine competitive binding assay with compounds RGN0900 and RGN0946 at 50 μM concentration. Nocodazole is positive control and vincristine is negative control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0058] TERMS

[0059] Unless otherwise explained, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which a disclosed invention belongs. The singular terms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless context clearlyReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 indicates otherwise. Similarly, the word “or” is intended to include “and” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0060] The term "comprising" means that other elements can also be present in addition to the defined elements presented. The use of "comprising" indicates inclusion rather than limitation. Stated another way, the term "comprising" means "including principally, but not necessarily solely". Furthermore, variation of the word "comprising", such as "comprise" and "comprises", have correspondingly the same meanings. In one respect, the technology described herein related to the herein described compositions, systems, methods, and respective component(s) thereof, as essential to the invention, yet open to the inclusion of unspecified elements, essential or not ("comprising").

[0061] In order to facilitate review of the various embodiments of the disclosure, the following explanations of specific terms are provided:

[0062] The term “about,” as used herein, can mean relative to the recited value, e.g., amount, dose temperature, time, percentage, etc., ±10%, ±9%, ±8%, ±7%, ±6%, ±5%, ±4%, ±3%, ±2%, or ±1%.

[0063] The term “analog,” as used herein, refers to a chemical compound that is structurally similar to another compound (i.e., a so-called “reference” compound) but differs in composition, e.g., in the replacement of one atom by an atom of a different element, or in the presence of a particular functional group, or the replacement of one functional group by another functional group, or the absolute stereochemistry of one or more chiral centers of the reference compound. Accordingly, an analog is a compound that is similar or comparable in function and appearance but not in structure or origin to a reference compound.

[0064] The term “isomer,” as used herein, refers to compounds having the same number and kind of atoms, and hence the same molecular weight, but differing in respect to the structural arrangement or configuration of the atoms.

[0065] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z and E double bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomericReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 forms of the compounds of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures including replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13C- or 14C-enriched carbon are within the scope of the present invention. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools, as probes in biological assays, or as therapeutic agents in accordance with the present invention. In certain embodiments, a warhead moiety of a provided compound comprises one or more deuterium atoms.

[0066] The term “ester,” as used herein, refers to a compound which is produced by modifying a functional group (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino or the like group). Examples of an “ester” include “esters formed with a hydroxyl group” and “esters formed with a carboxyl group.” The term “ester” can mean an ester whose ester residue is a “conventional protecting group” or a “protecting group removable in vivo by a biological method such as hydrolysis.” In some embodiments, the term “conventional protecting group” can mean a protecting group removable by a chemical method such as hydrogenolysis, hydrolysis, electrolysis, or photolysis. In other embodiments, the term “protecting group removable in vivo by a biological method such as hydrolysis” can mean a protecting group removable in vivo after administration to a subject such as by hydrolysis to produce a free acid or its salt.

[0067] The term “salt,” “pharmaceutically acceptable salt,” as used herein, refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, commensurate with a reasonable benefit to risk ratio, and effective for their intended use. A “pharmacologically acceptable salt” can refer to a salt, which can be formed when a compound herein has an acidic group such as carboxyl or a basic group such as amino or imino. In some embodiments, a salt of a compound disclosed herein can be formed with an acidic group, can include, but is not limited to alkali metal salts such as a sodium salt, potassium salt or lithium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as a calcium salt or magnesium salt, metal salts such as an aluminum salt or iron salt; amine salts, e.g., inorganic salts such as an ammonium salt and organic salts such as a t-octylamine salt, dibenzylamine salt, morpholine salt, glucosamine salt, phenylglycine alkyl ester salt, ethylenediamine salt, N-methylglucamine salt, guanidine salt, diethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, chloroprocaine salt, procaine salt, diethanolamine salt, N-benzylphenethylamine salt, piperazine salt,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 tetramethylammonium salt or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt; and amino acid salts such as a glycine salt, lysine salt, arginine salt, ornithine salt, glutamate or aspartate. In some embodiments, a salt derivative of a compound disclosed herein formed with a basic group can include, but is not limited to, hydro-halides such as a hydrofluoride, hydrochloride, hydrobromide or hydroiodide, inorganic acid salts such as a nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate or phosphate; lower alkanesulfonates such as a methane sulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or ethanesulfonate, arylsulfonates such as a benzenesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate, organic acid salts such as an acetate, malate, fumarate, succinate, citrate, ascorbate, tartrate, oxalate or maleate; and amino acid salts such as a glycine salt, lysine salt, arginine salt, histidine salt, ornithine salt, glutamate or aspartate. In certain embodiments, when a pharmacologically acceptable salt of a compound disclosed herein remains exposed to the atmosphere or is recrystallized, it can absorb water to form a hydrate of use in formulations disclosed herein.

[0068] The term “active metabolite,” “metabolite,” as used herein, refers to a biomolecule that is involved in metabolism. The term “metabolite” may also refer to an intermediary or an end product of a metabolic reaction catalyzed by naturally occurring enzymes in cells. The term “metabolite” is used to describe a small molecule compound but can also be defined as endogenous compounds such as amino acids, lipids, sugars and organic acids. In addition to naturally occurring metabolites, metabolites can be artificially synthesized for industrial or pharmaceutical use.

[0069] The term “intermediary,” “intermediary compound,” as used herein, refers to a molecular entity (e.g. atom, ion, molecule, etc.) that is formed directly or indirectly from a reactant converted to a product in a multistep chemical reaction. A reactive intermediate may be reactive, short-lived, and high-energy and will typically react further to give a final product.

[0070] The term “tagged compound,” as used herein, refers to a compound tagged or labelled with a probe to aid in the detection and / or tracking of a biomolecule. Examples of tags may include, but are not limited to biotin, fluorescent tags, radioisotopes, and hydrophobic tags.

[0071] The term “prodrug,” as used herein, refers to a compound that is made more active in vivo through metabolism of a precursor drug. The compounds and compositions described herein can exist as prodrugs, as described in, for example, Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Enzymology (Testa, Bernard and Mayer, Joachim M. Wiley-VHCA, Zurich, Switzerland 2003). Prodrugs described herein are structurally modified forms of the compound that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide theReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 active compound. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to the active compound by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment.

[0072] The term “drug conjugate,” as used herein, refers to covalently linking drugs or prodrugs to a natural or synthetic molecule carrier for a specific application. Conjugation of a drug can be used to control drug release, target drug delivery, improve drug stability (e.g., pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics), enhance drug solubility, and alter toxicity profiles. Drug conjugation can occur with polymers, proteins, antibodies, etc. Examples of drug conjugates include small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC’s), nanoparticles, antibodies, and peptide sequences. SMDC’s allow for targeted therapy and are composed of a low molecular weight, high affinity targeting ligand; a linker; and a drug payload.

[0073] The term “alkyl,” as used herein, refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group including C1-C20 straight chain and branched chain groups. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1- dimethyl propyl, 1,2-dimethyl propyl, 2,2-dimethyl propyl, I-ethyl propyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3- methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2- dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3- methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 2-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 4- methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, 2,4-dimethylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 3,3- dimethylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 3-ethylpentyl, n-octyl, 2,3-dimethylhexyl, 2,4-dimethylhexyl, 2,5- dimethylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylhexyl, 3,3-dimethylhexyl, 4,4-dimethylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 3- ethylhexyl, 4-ethylhexyl, 2-methyl-2-ethylpentyl, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentyl, n-nonyl, 2-methyl-2- ethylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-ethylhexyl, 2,2-diethylpentyl, n-decyl, 3,3-diethylhexyl, 2,2-diethylhexyl, and the isomers of branched chain thereof. An alkyl group can be a lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Representative examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2- dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3- dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl and etc. The alkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can have one or more groups independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic alkylthio, carbonyl, carboxy or carboxylic ester.

[0074] The term “alkylsulfo,” as used herein, refers to esters of alkane sulfonic acids. The term “alkylamino,” as used herein, refers to alkyl substitutes attached to an amino group. Representative examples include phenylalanino, threonine, tryptophano, tyrosine, valino, N2-glutamino, N2- histidino, N4-asparagino, and the like.

[0075] The term “cycloalkyl,” as used herein, refers to saturated and / or partially unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group and have 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Representative examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctyl etc. A polycyclic cycloalkyl can include the cycloalkyl having Spiro ring, fused ring, and bridged ring. Representative examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl include but not limited to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl. Cycloalkyls herein can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can be one or more groups independently selected from of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic alkylthio, carbonyl, carboxy or carboxylic ester. The term “cycloalkylthio,” as used herein refers to a cycloalkyl ring attached to a sulfur group. The term “heterocyclic alkyl,” as used herein, refers to a cycloalkyl group derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring with atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). The term “heterocyclic alkylthio,” as used herein refers to a cycloalkyl group derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring with a sulfur atom as a member of its ring(s). Cycloalkyls, heterocyclic alkyls, and heterocyclic alkylthios herein can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can be one or more groups independently selected from of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic alkylthio, carbonyl, carboxy or carboxylic ester.

[0076] The term “alkoxyl” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group which is singularly bonded to oxygen. Representative examples of alkoxyl groups include, but are not limited to, methoxyl, ethoxyl, and the like. The term “cycloalkoxyl” as used herein, refers to a cycloalkyl group bonded to an oxygen. Representative examples of cycloalkoxyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclomethoxyl, cycloethoxyl, and the like.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0077] The term “heterocyclic alkoxyl,” as used herein, refers to a cycloalkoxyl group with atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). Cycloalkoxyls and heterocyclic alkoxyls herein can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can be one or more groups independently selected from of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic alkylthio, carbonyl, carboxy or carboxylic ester.

[0078] The term “alkenyl,” as used herein, refers to a fragment formed from an alkene, i.e. double bond, by the removal of one hydrogen atom from any carbon atom. Representative examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, allyl, isopropenyl, oleyl, phytyl, prenyl,vinyl, and the like. The term “alkynyl,” as sued herein, refers to a fragment formed from an alkyne, i.e. triple bond, by the removal of one hydrogen atom from any carbon atom.

[0079] The term “aryl” as used herein, refers to an organic group derived from an aromatic ring where one hydrogen atom is removed from the ring. Representative examples of aryl groups are phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, and the like. The term “heteroaryl,” as used herein, refers to an 5-14 membered aryl having 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N as ring atoms, the remaining ring atoms being C. Examples of heteroaryl groups are furan, thiophene, pyridine, pyrrole, N-alkyl pyrrole, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, tetrazolyl, and the like. Heteroaryl herein can be fused to aryl, heterocyclic alkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the ring connected with parent structure is heteroaryl. Heteroaryls herein can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can be one or more groups independently selected from of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic alkylthio, carbonyl, carboxy or carboxylic ester.

[0080] The term “hydroxyl,” as used herein, refers to an —OH group. As used herein, “hydroxyalkyl” refers to -alkyl-OH, wherein alkyl as defined above. As used herein, “halo” or “halogen” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. As used herein, “thiol” refers to an organosulfur compound according to the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. As used herein, “carbonyl” refers to —C(═O)—. As used herein, “nitro” refers to —NO2. As used herein, “cyano” refers to —CN. As used herein, “amino” refers to —NH2. As used herein, “carboxy” refers to —C(═O)OH. As used herein, “carboxylic ester” refers to —C(═O)O-alky.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0081] The term “heterocyclyl,” as used herein, refers to a univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from any ring atom of a heterocyclic compound. Representative examples of heterocyclyls include non-aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or spirocyclic ring systems comprising up to 7 atoms in each ring. Heterocyclyls herein can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can be one or more groups independently selected from of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic alkylthio, carbonyl, carboxy or carboxylic ester.

[0082] The term “bicyclic,” “bicyclic ring,” as used herein, refers to a polycyclic molecule featuring two joined rings with at least two common atoms. Examples of bicyclic rings include fused bicyclic rings and bridged bicyclic rings. Non-limiting examples of fused bicyclic rings include, but are not limited to, bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, bicyclo[4.2.0]octane, and bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane. As used herein, the term “bridged bicyclic” or “bridged bicyclic ring” refers to a molecule featuring two rings that are joined sharing three or more atoms, with two bridgeheads separated by “bridges” containing at least one atom. Bicyclic compounds containing a bridge are typically in a rigid formation with little flexibility. Non-limiting examples of bridged bicyclic rings include, but are not limited to, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 5-oxaspiro[3.4]octane. Bicyclic rings herein can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can be one or more groups independently selected from of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic alkylthio, carbonyl, carboxy or carboxylic ester.

[0083] As used herein, the term “spiro” refers to a molecule containing two or more rings in which the adjoined rings share exactly one atom. In spiro[2.3]hexane, a cyclopropane ring and a cyclobutane ring share one carbon atom.

[0084] The term “optionally substituted,” as used herein, indicates that a group can be unsubstituted or can be substituted with one or more substituents as provided herein or known in the art. As used herein, "substituted" in reference to a group indicates that a hydrogen atom attached to a member atom within a group is replaced. It should be understood that the term "substituted" includes the provision that such substitution be in accordance with the permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent and that the substitution results in a stable compound (e.g. one that does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, orReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 elimination). In certain embodiments, a single atom can be substituted with more than one substituent as long as such substitution is in accordance with the permitted valence of the atom. Suitable substituents are defined herein for each substituted or optionally substituted group.

[0085] The term “health condition,” as used herein, refers to an illness, injury, impairment or physical or mental condition.

[0086] The term “therapeutically effective amount” may refer to an amount that is sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic result or to have an effect on undesired symptoms but is generally insufficient to cause adverse side effects. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration; the route of administration; the rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed and like factors well known in the medical arts. For example, it is well within the skill of the art to start doses of a compound at levels lower than those required to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and to gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved. If desired, the effective daily dose can be divided into multiple doses for purposes of administration. Consequently, single dose compositions can contain such amounts or submultiples thereof to make up the daily dose. The dosage can be adjusted by the individual physician in the event of any contraindications. Dosage can vary, and can be administered in one or more dose administrations daily, for one or several days, weekly, twice weekly, etc. Guidance can be found in the literature for appropriate dosages for given classes of pharmaceutical products.

[0087] The exact amount of the compositions required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, weight, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the disorder being treated, the particular composition used, its mode of administration and the like. Thus, it is not possible to specify an exact amount for every composition. However, an appropriate amount can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using only routine experimentation given the teachings herein.

[0088] In some examples, the dosage can be administered to a subject once daily or in divided dosages throughout a day, depending on a subject's clinical response to the medication, as determined by methods known in the art. This dosage can be administered to a subject for one day,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 one a week, or a number of days, and then stopped if the subject responds immediately, or the dosage can be administered on a daily basis until a clinical response is noted. A person of skill can monitor a subject's clinical response to the administration of the composition and administer additional dosages as needed. It is contemplated that the composition can be administered to a subject on a daily basis, on an alternating daily basis, on a weekly basis, or at any interval in between.

[0089] In some examples, it may be advantageous to formulate the compositions in dosage units for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage units refer to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of the compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect.

[0090] The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. A dose may be formulated in animal models to achieve a concentration range that includes the IC50 (i.e., the concentration of the test compound which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as determined in cell culture. Such information may be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans.

[0091] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable,” can refer to compounds, formulations, compositions, in any dosage form within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with a human subject or tissues thereof and as appropriate, in animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, with reduced side effect or complication as a consumable or for administration thereof, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.

[0092] The term “individual,” “subject,” “host,” “animal,” and “patient,” as used herein, can be used interchangeably and refer to any subject or any mammalian regarding diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis or therapy as desired; for example, humans (e.g., adults, adolescents, toddlers, senior adults, children, infants and a fetus), companion animals (e.g., pets, horses), livestock, or other animals.

[0093] The term “treat,” “treating,” and “treatment,” as used herein, can refer to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, with the objective of preventing, reducing, slowing down (lessen), inhibiting, or eliminating an undesired physiological change, symptom, disease, or disorder (e.g., cancer).Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0094] For purposes of this invention, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable. "Treatment" can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented or onset delayed. Optionally, the subject or patient may be identified (e.g., diagnosed) as one suffering from the disease or condition prior to administration of the compositions of the invention. Subjects at risk for the disease or disorder can be identified by, for example, any or a combination of appropriate diagnostic or prognostic assays known in the art.

[0095] The term “administration,” as used herein, refers to the act of giving a drug, prodrug, or other agent, or therapeutic treatment to a subject or in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo cells, tissues, and organs. Exemplary routes of administration to the human body can be through space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord (intrathecal), the eyes (ophthalmic), mouth (oral), skin (topical or transdermal), nose (nasal), lungs (inhalant), oral mucosa (buccal), ear, rectal, vaginal, by injection (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously, intratumorally, intraperitoneally, etc.) and the like.

[0096] The term “co-administration” or “co-administering,” as used herein, refers to administration of more than one active ingredient at the same time, just prior to, or just after the administration of one or more additional therapies. The compounds of the disclosure can be administered alone or can be co-administered to the subject along with another compound or a standard agent known in the art. Co-administration is meant to include simultaneous or sequential administration of the compounds individually or in combination. Dosage amounts and intervals can be adjusted individually to provide levels of the administered compound effective for the particular clinical indication being treated. This will provide a therapeutic regimen that is commensurate with the severity of the individual's disease state.

[0097] In one example, the compositions of the present invention can be administered by oral administration including, but not limited to, powders or granules, suspensions or solutions in water or non-aqueous media, pills, lozenges, capsules, sachets, or tablets. Thickeners, flavorings, diluents, emulsifiers, dispersing aids or binders may be desirable. A person of skill, monitoring aReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 subject's clinical response, can adjust the frequency of administration and dosage of the medication according to methods known in the art.

[0098] In another example, the compositions of the present invention can be administered intranasally or administration by inhalant. As used herein, “intranasal administration” means delivery of the compositions into the nose and nasal passages through one or both of the nares and can comprise delivery by a spraying mechanism (device) or droplet mechanism (device), or through aerosolization of the composition, e.g., by using a nasal spray, atomizer, dropper, or syringe. Administration of the compositions by inhalant can be through the nose or mouth via delivery by a spraying or droplet mechanism. As used herein, “an inhaler” can be a spraying device or a droplet device for delivering the composition to the nasal passages and the upper and / or lower respiratory tracts of a subject. Delivery can also be directly to any area of the respiratory system (e.g., lungs) via intratracheal intubation. A person of skill, monitoring a subject's clinical response, can adjust the frequency of administration and dosage of the medication according to methods known in the art.

[0099] In another example, the compositions of the present invention can be administered by topical intranasal administration (intranasally) or administration by inhalant. As used herein, “topical intranasal administration” means delivery of the compositions into the nose and nasal passages through one or both of the nares and can comprise delivery by a spraying mechanism (device) or droplet mechanism (device), or through aerosolization of the composition. Administration of the compositions by inhalant can be through the nose or mouth via delivery by a spraying or droplet mechanism. As used herein, “an inhaler” can be a spraying device or a droplet device for delivering a composition, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to the nasal passages and the upper and / or lower respiratory tracts of a subject. Delivery can also be directly to any area of the respiratory system (e.g., lungs) via intratracheal intubation. The exact amount of the compositions required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, weight and general condition of the subject, the severity of the disorder being treated, the particular composition used, its mode of administration and the like. Thus, it is not possible to specify an exact amount for every composition. However, an appropriate amount can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using only routine experimentation given the teachings herein.

[0100] In one example, the compositions of the present invention can be administered by buccal delivery or by sublingual delivery. As used herein “buccal delivery” may refer to a method of administration in which the compound is delivered through the mucosal membranes lining theReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 cheeks. In some embodiment, for a buccal delivery the composition is placed between the gum and the cheek of a patient. As used herein “sublingual delivery” may refer to a method of administration in which the composition is delivered through the mucosal membrane under the tongue. In some embodiment, for a sublingual delivery the composition is administered under the tongue of a patient.

[0101] In another example, the compositions of the present invention can be administered by Parenteral administration of the composition, if used, is generally characterized by injection. Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, solid forms suitable for solution of suspension in liquid prior to injection, or as emulsions. A revised approach for parenteral administration involves use of a slow release or sustained release system such that a constant dosage is maintained.

[0102] In another example, the compositions of the present invention can be administered to a subject intramuscularly, e.g., by using muscular injections or electroporation. A person of skill, monitoring a subject's clinical response, can adjust the frequency of administration and dosage of the medication according to methods known in the art.

[0103] In one example, the compositions of the present invention can be administered via pulmonary lavage procedures. As used herein “pulmonary lavage” or “whole lung lavage” is a procedure wherein a double lumen endotracheal tube isolates one lung, into which sufficient saline or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is instilled to fill the entire volume of one lung. Additionally, the pulmonary lavage can be used for delivering a composition in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to the lungs / lower respiratory tracts of a subject. The lung undergoing lavage may be drained and repeatedly filled with fluid, and finally suctioned as many times are necessary. The procedure is repeated on the alternate lung at another time. In some embodiments, administration of the composition via pulmonary lavage may be used in patients that are extremely sick and have been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

[0104] In another example, the compositions of the present invention can be placed or stored in a container, bag, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration. For example, the instructions can include directions for administering the composition to the subject.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0105] All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. In case of conflict, the present specification, including explanations of terms, will control.

[0106] Briefly, the present invention features compounds and compositions for the treatment of health conditions. In some embodiments, the compositions include one or more novel compounds, tagged compounds, prodrugs, drug conjugates and metabolites and intermediary compounds thereof. The compounds and compositions herein are clinically and extraordinarily effective at crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and acting as a tubulin-targeting therapy specific for brain cancer, significantly depolymerizing tubulin to stop cell division and kill cancer cells and resulting in reduced tumor growth. Without wishing to limit the invention to any theory or mechanism, it is believed that the technical feature of the present invention advantageously provides for a highly efficacious and potent treatment for cancer, including brain cancer and cancers that metastasize to the brain, including but not limited to lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. None of the presently known prior art references have the unique inventive technical feature of the present invention.

[0107] According to some embodiments, the present invention also includes methods featuring administration of the compounds and compositions herein for treating and / or managing, and / or preemptively preventing, and / or reducing, and / or significantly decreasing cancers, including but not limited to, Glioblastoma and other brain cancers. In some embodiments, the compounds, compositions and methods relate to treating cancers, including, but not limited to cancers that metastasize to the brain. In other embodiments, the compounds, compositions and methods relate to treating cancers, including, but not limited to, one or more of brain cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, metastatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, bone sarcoma, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, blood cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, medulloblastoma, or any combination thereof.

[0108] In the following sections, certain exemplary compositions and methods are described to detail certain embodiments of the invention. It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that practicing the certain embodiments does not require the employment of all or even some of the specific details outlined herein, but rather that concentrations, times, and other specific details can be modified through routine experimentation. In some cases, well known methods, or components have not been included in the description.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0109] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to novel chemical compounds of use to treat orprevent a health condition. In certain embodiments, chemical compounds disclosed herein can target microtubules. In accordance with these embodiments, chemical compounds disclosed herein can target and destabilize microtubules. The microtubule destabilizing agents can be used in treating, preventing or reducing the risk of onset of a health condition. In certain embodiments,health condition can include cancer or other health conditions.

[0110] Some embodiments disclosed herein concern agents, methods, and processes of use toprepare the disclosed compounds and compositions containing at least these compounds disclosedherein. It is understood that combinations, subsets, interactions, agents disclosed herein wherespecific reference of each individual and collective combinations and permutation of thesecompounds cannot be explicitly disclosed, each is contemplated. Additional embodiments of thedisclosure are described below.

[0111] COMPOUNDS

[0112] In certain embodiments, the present invention features compounds for use to treat, preventor ameliorate a health condition in a subject or of use as combination therapies in treating, reducingonset, or ameliorating a health condition in a subject in need thereof.

[0113] For example, in some embodiments, the present invention features compounds having aformula as illustrated in formula 1A, formula 1B, formula 2, formula 3, formula 4, or formula 5,or analogs, isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;

[0114] According to some embodiments, the compound of the present invention may beaccording to formula 1A: (formula 1A).

[0115] According to other embodiments, the compound of the present invention may beaccording to formula 1B: (formula 1B).Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0116] In some embodiments, A is a -H, linear or branched alkyl, a cycloalkyl, or an unsubstitutedor substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and m is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, B is a -F, -O-, or -S-, n is0 or 1, and j is 1 or 2. If B is F, then m is 0. In some embodiments, L1 is -COS-, -COO-, -CONH-, -SO2NH-, or -NHCO-. In some embodiments, p is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, L2 is alkyl. In some embodiments, q is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, D is a 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-memberedunsubstituted or substituted cyclic or bicyclic moiety. In some embodiments, E is -H or -CH3. Insome embodiments, L3 is -H, -O-, -CO-, or a direct bond. In some embodiments, G is –Vz–W. Vis an alkyl, z is 0 or 1, and W is -H, -OH or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,bicycloalkyl, cyclic, bicyclic, spirocyclic heteroaryl, or a heterocyclic moiety. In some embodiments, r is 0 or 1. If r is 0, then L3 is H.

[0117] In some embodiments, A is -CH3, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, V is-CH2- or -CH2-CH2-. In some embodiments, W is substituted with one or more of an alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, or heterocyclic alkylthio.

[0118] In some embodiments, is:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0119] In some embodiments, W is:N NN NNN NN N Fbeaccording to formula 2:2),Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0121] In some embodiments, R1 is . A is a -H, linear or branchedalkyl, a cycloalkyl, or an and m is 0 or 1. B is a -F,-O-, or -S-, n is 0 or 1, and j is 1 orsome embodiments, L2 is alkyl,wherein q is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, D is a 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered unsubstituted or substituted cyclic or bicyclic moiety. In some embodiments, R2is –Vz–W, wherein V is an alkyl,wherein z is 0 or 1, and wherein W is -H, -OH or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,bicycloalkyl, cyclic, bicyclic, spirocyclic heteroaryl, or a heterocyclic moiety. In someembodiments, R3is -H or -CH3.

[0122] In other embodiments, R1 is:O.someN OReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N FNN N N N OHN NN N NN NFNNFbeaccording to formula 3:(formula 3)

[0127] In some embodiments, R4 is:.

[0128] In some embodiments, R5 is:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N NN NN N N N N N or

[0130] According to other embodiments, the compound of the present invention may beaccording to formula 4:(formula 4)

[0131] In some embodiments, R7 is:O .

[0133] In some embodiments, R9 is -H or -CH3.

[0134] According to other embodiments, the compound of the present invention may beaccording to formula 5:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N HN R10S (formula 5) In some embodiments, R10is:O O O O F O N .one ofthe following: N N N HN HN HN S N S N FSN O

[00136] In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can include isomers of anyone of the compounds disclosed herein, and be designated as being of a “cis” or “trans”Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 configuration. In accordance with these embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can be a cis or a trans isomer of any one of the compounds or formulas disclosed herein.

[0137] In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms in the R or S configuration, in which the terms “R” and “S” are as defined as known in the art. In accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein, compounds having asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms with equal amounts of R and S configurations can be racemic at those carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure can include racemic mixtures, relative and absolute stereoisomers, and / or mixtures of relative and absolute stereoisomers.

[0138] In other embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can be in the form of an ester such as an ester prodrug. The term “ester” herein can refer to a compound which is produced by modifying a functional group (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino or the like group). Examples of an “ester” include “esters formed with a hydroxyl group” and “esters formed with a carboxyl group.” The term “ester” can mean an ester whose ester residue is a “conventional protecting group” or a “protecting group removable in vivo by a biological method such as hydrolysis.” In some embodiments, the term “conventional protecting group” can mean a protecting group removable by a chemical method such as hydrogenolysis, hydrolysis, electrolysis, or photolysis. In other embodiments, the term “protecting group removable in vivo by a biological method such as hydrolysis” can mean a protecting group removable in vivo after administration to a subject such as by hydrolysis to produce a free acid or its salt.

[0139] In certain embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. By “salt” or “pharmaceutically acceptable salt”, it is meant those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, commensurate with a reasonable benefit to risk ratio, and effective for their intended use. A “pharmacologically acceptable salt” can refer to a salt, which can be formed when a compound herein has an acidic group such as carboxyl or a basic group such as amino or imino. In some embodiments, a salt of a compound disclosed herein can be formed with an acidic group, can include, but is not limited to alkali metal salts such as a sodium salt, potassium salt or lithium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as a calcium salt or magnesium salt, metal salts such as an aluminum salt or iron salt; amine salts, e.g., inorganic salts such as an ammonium salt and organic salts such as a t-octylamine salt, dibenzylamine salt, morpholine salt, glucosamine salt, phenylglycine alkylReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 ester salt, ethylenediamine salt, N-methylglucamine salt, guanidine salt, diethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, chloroprocaine salt, procaine salt, diethanolamine salt, N-benzylphenethylamine salt, piperazine salt, tetramethylammonium salt or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt; and amino acid salts such as a glycine salt, lysine salt, arginine salt, ornithine salt, glutamate or aspartate.

[0140] In some embodiments, a salt derivative of a compound disclosed herein formed with a basic group can include, but is not limited to, hydro-halides such as a hydrofluoride, hydrochloride, hydrobromide or hydroiodide, inorganic acid salts such as a nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate or phosphate; lower alkanesulfonates such as a methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or ethanesulfonate, arylsulfonates such as a benzenesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate, organic acid salts such as an acetate, malate, fumarate, succinate, citrate, ascorbate, tartrate, oxalate or maleate; and amino acid salts such as a glycine salt, lysine salt, arginine salt, histidine salt, ornithine salt, glutamate or aspartate. In certain embodiments, when a pharmacologically acceptable salt of a compound disclosed herein remains exposed to the atmosphere or is recrystallized, it can absorb water to form a hydrate of use in formulations disclosed herein.

[0141] In certain embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can include, but are not limited to, compounds in a solid or a liquid form or state. In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can be in an amorphous form. In other embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can be in a crystalline form or a crystalline and amorphous form combination or mixture. In accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein, compounds in a solid state can exist in a crystalline, powder, or non-crystalline form, or as a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein in crystalline form can be used to form pharmaceutically acceptable solvates. A skilled artisan can appreciate that pharmaceutically acceptable solvates can be formed where solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystalline lattice during crystallization. In accordance with some embodiments, solvates for uses disclosed herein can include nonaqueous solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol, DMSO, acetic acid, ethanolamine, and EtOAc, or they can include water as the solvent incorporated into the crystalline lattice. Solvates where water is the solvent that is incorporated into the crystalline lattice are typically referred to as "hydrates." Hydrates can include stoichiometric hydrates as well as compositions containing variable amounts of water. The present disclosure encompasses all such solvates known in the art.

[0142] In certain embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can exist in crystalline form, including various solvates thereof, and can exhibit polymorphism (e.g., the capacity to occur inReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 different crystalline structures). These different crystalline forms are referred to herein as "polymorphs." Polymorphs have the same chemical composition but differ in packing, geometrical arrangement, and / or other descriptive properties of the crystalline solid state. Polymorphs, therefore, can have different physical properties such as shape, density, hardness, deformability, stability, and dissolution properties. Polymorphs typically exhibit different melting points, IR spectra, and X- ray powder diffraction patterns, NMR signatures, which can be used for identification. In certain embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can be polymorphs. In certain embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can be polymorphs that are identified by their melting points, IR spectra, X-ray powder diffraction patterns, NMR signatures, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, different polymorphs of compounds herein can be produced by changing and / or adjusting the reaction conditions and / or reagents, used in making the compound. For example (but not limited to), changes in temperature, pressure, or solvent can result in polymorphs. In some embodiments, different polymorphs of compounds disclosed herein can spontaneously convert to another polymorph.

[0143] In certain embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can have a sufficiently high solubility, which can be determined using kinetic or thermodynamic solubility approaches, to achieve desired bioavailability and concentrations in systemic circulation for a desired pharmacological response. In some embodiments, kinetic solubility parameters of compounds disclosed herein can be determined. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can have kinetic solubility indicative of the bioavailability of formulations having the compounds, such as oral, inhalable, topical, subcutaneous and / or intravenous formulations.

[0144] In other embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can have a kinetic solubility of at least about 0.35 μM. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can have a kinetic solubility ranging from about 0.35 μM to about 92 μM (e.g., about 0.35 μM, about 1 μM, about 5 μM, about 10 μM, about 20 μM, about 30 μM, about 40 μM, about 50 μM, about 60 μM, about 70 μM, about 80 μM, and about 90 μM, or about 92 μM, or any concentration in between). In yet other embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can maintain a kinetic solubility ranging from about 0.35 μM to about 92 μM (e.g., about 0.39 μM, about 1 μM, about 5 μM, about 10 μM, about 20 μM, about 30 μM, about 40 μM, about 50 μM, about 60 μM, about 70 μM, about 80 μM, and about 90 μM, or any concentration in between or greater). In additional embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can maintain a kinetic solubility for about 1 hour to about 48 hours or more (e.g., about 1 hour, about 3 hours, about 6 hours, about 12 hours, about 24 hours, about 36 hours, 48Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 hours, or any time in between or greater than 48 hours). In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can maintain a kinetic solubility ranging from about 0.35 μM to about 92 μM (e.g., about 0.39 μM, about 1 μM, about 5 μM, about 10 μM, about 20 μM, about 30 μM, about 40 μM, about 50 μM, about 60 μM, about 70 μM, about 80 μM, and about 90 μM, and about 92 μM, or any concentration in between or greater) for about 1 hour to about 48 hours (e.g., about 1 hour, about 3 hours, about 6 hours, about 12 hours, about 24 hours, about 36 hours, 48 hours or any time in between or longer).

[0145] In yet other embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can maintain a kinetic solubility at temperatures ranging from about 4°C to about 80°C (e.g., about 4°C, about 6°C, about 8°C, about 10°C, about 20°C, about 30°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C, about 80°C or any temperature in between). In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can maintain a kinetic solubility ranging from about 0.39 μM to about 92 μM (e.g., about 0.39 μM, about 1 μM, about 5 μM, about 10 μM, about 20 μM, about 30 μM, about 40 μM, about 50 μM, about 60 μM, about 70 μM, about 80 μM, and about 90 μM, or concentration in between) at temperatures ranging from about 4°C to about 80°C (e.g., about 4°C, about 6°C, about 8°C, about 10°C, about 20°C, about 30°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C, about 80°C or temperature in between).

[0146] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can maintain a kinetic solubility ranging from about 0.35 μM to about 92 μM (e.g., about 0.39 μM, about 1 μM, about 5 μM, about 10 μM, about 20 μM, about 30 μM, about 40 μM, about 50 μM, about 60 μM, about 70 μM, about 80 μM, and about 90 μM, at room temperature (i.e., 25°C ± 3°C). In some embodiments, compounds herein can maintain a kinetic solubility ranging from about 0.39 μM to about 91.23 μM (e.g., about 0.39 μM, about 1 μM, about 5 μM, about 10 μM, about 20 μM, about 30 μM, about 40 μM, about 50 μM, about 60 μM, about 70 μM, about 80 μM, and about 90 μM, at room temperature (e.g., 25°C ± 5°C) for about 1 hour to about 48 hours (e.g., about 1 hour, about 3 hours, about 6 hours, about 12 hours, about 24 hours, about 36 hours, 48 hours or timing in between or more depending on the compound).

[0147] In some embodiments, the compound is configured to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) of a human or non-human subject. In some embodiments, the non-human subject is a livestock, a companion animal, a lab animal, or a zoological, a wild animal, reptile, fish or bird.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0148] In some embodiments, the compound has an EC50 of 0.0001 μM to 50 μM for inhibitingcancer cell viability or inducing cancer cell killing, reducing tumor volume and / or reducingmetastasis of a tumor. In other embodiments, the compound has an EC50 ranging from about 0.001 μM to about 50 μM (e.g., about 0.001 μM, about 0.1 μM, about 0.15 μM, about 0.25 μM, about 0.5 μM, about 0.75 μM, about 1.0 μM, about 2.0 μM, about 5.0 μM, about 10.0 μM, about 15.0 μM, about 20.0 μM, about 25.0 μM, about 30.0 μM, about 35.0 μM, about 40.0 μM, about 45.0μM, up to about 50.0 μM) or about 0.0001 μM to about 15 μM for inhibiting cancer cell viabilityor inducing cancer cell killing, reducing tumor volume and / or reducing metastasis of a tumor.

[0149] In accordance with the present invention, non-limiting examples of compounds accordingto Formula (2) are shown in TABLE 1.

[0150] TABLE 1:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0151] In accordance with the present invention, non-limiting examples of compounds accordingto Formula (3) are shown in TABLE 2.

[0152] TABLE 2Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N R6HN R R 4 S O5Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N R6HN R R 4 S O5p , g p p ing to Formula (4) are shown in TABLE 3.

[0154] TABLE 3: N R9HNReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N R9HN R7S RReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N R9HN R7S Rp , g p p ing to Formula (5) are shown in TABLE 4.

[0156] TABLE 4:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N HN R10Sntion features the following non-limiting, preferred compounds shown in TABLE 5: RGN Structure Chemical Name N -Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 RGN Structure Chemical Name Number - -Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 RGNStructure Chemical NameNumber d] e- d] e-Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 RGN Structure Chemical Name Number

[0159] In some embodiments, the present invention features a tagged compound comprising a tag linked to a compound. The compound may be according to any of the compounds described herein. In further embodiments, the tag is a fluorescent tag, radioactive tag, biotin, or combination thereof.

[0160] In some embodiments, the present invention features a prodrug comprising an inactive moiety linked to a compound. The compound may be according to any of the compounds described herein. In further embodiments, the inactive moiety is an ester, carbamate, aminoacyl ester, or combination thereof.

[0161] In some embodiments, the present invention features a drug conjugate comprising a targeting moiety linked to a compound. The compound may be according to any of the compounds described herein. In some embodiments, targeting moiety is an antibody, polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate, long chain polymer, peptide sequence, or combination thereof.

[0162] Pharmaceutical compositions

[0163] In other embodiments, the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions include at least one compound, tagged compound, prodrug, or drug conjugate according to the instant disclosure for use to treat health conditions in a subject in need thereof. The compound may be according to any of the compounds described herein.

[0164] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions can include at least one compound disclosed herein and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions can include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, and / or stabilizers that are nontoxic to recipients at dosages and / or concentrations used to practice the methods disclosed herein.

[0165] In certain embodiments, the weight fraction of the excipient or combination of excipients in the composition can be about 99% or less, about 97% or less, about 95% or less, about 90% or less, about 85% or less, about 80% or less, about 75% or less, about 70% or less, about 65% or less, about 60% or less, about 55% or less, about 50% or less, about 45% or less, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, about 20% or less, about 15% orReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 less, about 10% or less, about 5% or less, about 2%, or about 1% or less of the total weight of the composition.

[0166] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient can include, but is not limited to a diluent, a binder, a filler, a buffering agent, a pH modifying agent, a disintegrant, a dispersant, a preservative, a lubricant, taste-masking agent, a flavoring agent, or a coloring agent and can be as described herein below. The concentrations and types of excipients utilized to form pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein and contemplated herein can be selected according to known principles of pharmaceutical science and knowledge in the art.

[0167] In some embodiments, the excipient can be a diluent. The diluent can be compressible (i.e., plastically deformable) or abrasively brittle. Non-limiting examples of suitable compressible diluents can include, but are not limited to, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), cellulose derivatives, cellulose powder, cellulose esters (i.e., acetate and butyrate mixed esters), ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, corn starch, phosphated corn starch, pregelatinized corn starch, rice starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, starch-lactose, starch-calcium carbonate, sodium starch glycolate, glucose, fructose, lactose, lactose monohydrate, sucrose, xylose, lactitol, mannitol, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltodextrin, dextran, and trehalose or the like. Non-limiting examples of suitable abrasively brittle diluents include dibasic calcium phosphate (anhydrous or dihydrate), calcium phosphate tribasic, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate.

[0168] In another embodiment, the excipient can be a binder. Suitable binders include, but are not limited to, starches, pregelatinized starches, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyacrylamides, polyvinyloxoazolidone, polyvinylalcohols, C12-C18 fatty acid alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyols, saccharides, oligosaccharides, polypeptides, oligopeptides, and combinations thereof.

[0169] In another embodiment, the excipient can be a filler. Suitable fillers include, but are not limited to, carbohydrates, inorganic compounds, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. By way of non-limiting example, the filler can be calcium sulfate, both di- and tri-basic, starch, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, microcrystalline cellulose, dibasic calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium silicate, talc, modified starches, lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 In some embodiments, the excipient can be a buffering agent. Representative examples of suitable buffering agents include, but are not limited to, phosphates, carbonates, citrates, tris buffers, polysaccharide buffers, and buffered saline salts (e.g., Tris buffered saline, or phosphate buffered saline). In various embodiments, the excipient can be a pH modifier. By way of non-limiting example, the pH modifying agent can be sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, citric acid, or phosphoric acid. In a further embodiment, the excipient can be a disintegrant. The disintegrant can be non-effervescent or effervescent. Suitable examples of non-effervescent disintegrants include, but are not limited to, starches such as corn starch, potato starch, pregelatinized and modified starches thereof, sweeteners, clays, such as bentonite, micro- crystalline cellulose, alginates, sodium starch glycolate, gums such as agar, guar, locust bean, karaya, pectin, and tragacanth. Non-limiting examples of suitable effervescent disintegrants include sodium bicarbonate in combination with citric acid and sodium bicarbonate in combination with tartaric acid.

[0170] In yet another embodiment, the excipient can be a dispersant or dispersing enhancing agent. Suitable dispersants can include, but are not limited to, starch, alginic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidones, guar gum, kaolin, bentonite, purified wood cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, isomorphous silicate, and microcrystalline cellulose.

[0171] In another embodiment, the excipient can be a preservative. Non-limiting examples of suitable preservatives include antioxidants, such as BHA, BHT, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, or retinyl palmitate, citric acid, sodium citrate; chelators such as EDTA or EGTA; and antimicrobials, such as parabens, chlorobutanol, or phenol.

[0172] In a further embodiment, the excipient can be a lubricant. Non-limiting examples of suitable lubricants include minerals such as talc or silica; and fats such as vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate, or stearic acid.

[0173] In yet another embodiment, the excipient can be a taste-masking agent. Taste-masking materials include cellulose ethers; polyethylene glycols; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol copolymers; monoglycerides or triglycerides; acrylic polymers; mixtures of acrylic polymers with cellulose ethers; cellulose acetate phthalate; and combinations thereof.

[0174] In an alternate embodiment, the excipient can be a flavoring agent. Flavoring agents can be chosen from synthetic flavor oils and flavoring aromatics and / or natural oils, extracts fromReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 plants, leaves, flowers, fruits, and combinations thereof.

[0175] In still a further embodiment, the excipient can be a coloring agent. Suitable color additives include, but are not limited to, food, drug and cosmetic colors (FD&C), drug and cosmetic colors (D&C), or external drug and cosmetic colors (Ext. D&C).

[0176] Other pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, and / or stabilizers can include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3- pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrans; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g. Zn-protein complexes); and / or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEEN®, PLURONIC® or polyethylene glycol (PEG).

[0177] Dosage Forms

[0178] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides dosages and dosage forms including at least one compound disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the dosage or dosage form includes a pharmaceutical composition or formulation including at least one compound according to the instant disclosure. The compound and pharmaceutical compositions or formulations can be as described herein and above.

[0179] In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions or formulations disclosed herein can be in unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, solutions, pastes, salves, or suspensions, patches (e.g., dissolvable or un-dissolvable), particles, micro- or nanoparticles or suppositories, for oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, ophthalmic drops or other drops, or rectal administration, or administration by inhalation or insufflation. In some embodiments, for preparing solid compositions such as tablets or capsules, the principal active agent (e.g., a compound disclosed herein) can be mixed with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, e.g., conventional tableting agents such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutically acceptable diluents,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 e.g., water, to form a solid pre-formulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. When referring to these pre-formulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active agent or compound is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition can be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, and capsules.

[0180] In some embodiments, solid pre-formulation compositions disclosed herein can then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from about 0.1 mg / kg to about 500 mg / kg (e.g., about 0.1 mg / kg, about 0.5 mg / kg, about 1.0 mg / kg, about 5.0 mg / kg, about 10 mg / kg, about 25 mg / kg, about 50 mg / kg, about 75 mg / kg, about 100 mg / kg, about 125 mg / kg, about 150 mg / kg, about 175 mg / kg, about 200 mg / kg, about 225 mg / kg, about 250 mg / kg, about 275 mg / kg, about 300 mg / kg, about 325 mg / kg, about 350 mg / kg, about 375 mg / kg, about 400 mg / kg, about 425 mg / kg, about 450 mg / kg, about 475 mg / kg, about 500 mg / kg or higher, or any concentration in between) of a compound disclosed herein.

[0181] In some embodiments, tablets and / or pills disclosed herein can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action. In some embodiments, a tablet and / or pill herein can have an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. In accordance with embodiments herein, the two components can be separated by an enteric layer that serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. In certain embodiments, two or more compounds disclosed herein can be mixed together in a single dosage form. In some embodiments, tablets and / or pills disclosed herein can include one or more agents that can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such agents can include, but are not limited to, a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate. Non-limiting surface-active agents (surfactants) suitable for use herein can include non-ionic agents or other similar agents, such as polyoxyethylenesorbitans (e.g., Tween® 20, 40, 60, 80 or 85) and other sorbitans (e.g., Span™ 20, 40, 60, 80 or 85). In some embodiments, compositions disclosed herein with a surface-active agent can have about 0.05% and about 5.0% surface-active agent. In some embodiments, other ingredients can be added to pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein, for example mannitol or other pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles, as deemed appropriate.

[0182] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be tablets. In accordance with some embodiments herein, tablets contemplated herein can contain excipientsReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 such as microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate and glycine, disintegrants such as starch (preferably corn, potato or tapioca starch), sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and certain complex silicates, and granulation binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxy- propylcellulose (HPC), sucrose, gelatin and acacia. In accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein, tablets contemplated herein can further contain lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, glyceryl behenate and talc. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions can be solid compositions employed as fillers in gelatin capsules. In accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein, excipients included in gelatin capsules contemplated herein can include lactose, starch, cellulose, milk sugar or high molecular weight polyethylene glycols or the like.

[0183] In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can include emulsions. In some embodiments, emulsions disclosed herein can be prepared using commercially available fat emulsions, such as Intralipid®, Liposynx™, Infonutrol™, Lipofundin™, and Lipiphysan™. The active ingredient (e.g., the one or more aminopeptidase inhibitors and / or one or more chemotherapeutics) can either be dissolved in a pre-mixed emulsion composition or dissolved in an oil (e.g., soybean oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, corn oil or almond oil) and an emulsion formed upon mixing with a phospholipid (e.g., egg phospholipids, soybean phospholipids or soybean lecithin) and water. In some embodiments, other ingredients can be added to the compositions disclosed herein, for example glycerol or glucose, to adjust the tonicity of the emulsion. In other embodiments, emulsions can contain up to 20% (w / v) oil, for example, between about 5.0% and about 20.0% (w / v). In some embodiments, emulsions can have fat droplets between about 0.1 μm and about 1.0 μm and / or have a pH in the range of about 5.5 to about 8.0.

[0184] In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be formulated for parenteral administration or any other acceptable mode of administration, such as intravenous, intracerebroventricular injection, intra-cisterna magna injection, intra-parenchymal injection, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions herein formulated for parenteral administration can include one or more sterile liquids as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Non-limiting examples of sterile liquids suitable for use as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers disclosed herein can be water and oil, including, but not limited to, those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, and the like. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and glycerol solutions can alsoReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 be employed as liquid carriers, for example as injectable solutions. Pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can further include additional agents, for example preservatives, buffers, tonicity agents, antioxidants and stabilizers, nonionic wetting or clarifying agents, viscosity-increasing agents, and the like. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be packaged in single unit dosages or in multi-dosage forms.

[0185] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein suitable for administration to a subject can include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions. In accordance with these embodiments, these solutions can further contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic in blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which can include, but are not limited to, suspending agents and thickening agents. Aqueous solutions can be suitably buffered (e.g., a pH of about 3.0 to about 9.0 or about 5.0 to about 8.5 or about 6.5 to about 8.0). The preparation of suitable parenteral formulations under sterile conditions is readily accomplished by standard pharmaceutical techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

[0186] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions described herein can further include one or more of an anti-microbial agents, a chemotherapeutic agent, other anti-cancer therapeutic, or antibody or fragment thereof. In accordance with these embodiments, the anti- microbial agent can, in one example, be an anti-viral, bactericidal agent, anti-fungal, or anti- bacterial agent or other anti-microbial agent. For example, the anti-microbial agent can be an anti- bacterial agent (antibiotic) such as doxycycline, tetracycline, or other antibiotics such as a generally applicable antibiotic.

[0187] In other embodiments, the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical composition includes at least one compound according to the instant disclosure for use to treat health conditions in a subject in need thereof. The compound can be as described, for example as described herein.

[0188] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions can include at least one compound disclosed herein and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions can include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, and / or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at dosages and / or concentrations used to practice the methods disclosed herein.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0189] In certain embodiments, weight fraction of the excipient or combination of excipients in the composition can be about 99% or less, about 97% or less, about 95% or less, about 90% or less, about 85% or less, about 80% or less, about 75% or less, about 70% or less, about 65% or less, about 60% or less, about 55% or less, about 50% or less, about 45% or less, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, about 20% or less, about 15% or less, about 10% or less, about 5% or less, about 2%, or about 1% or less of the total weight of the composition.

[0190] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient can include, but is not limited to a diluent, a binder, a filler, a buffering agent, a pH modifying agent, a disintegrant, a dispersant, a preservative, a lubricant, taste-masking agent, a flavoring agent, or a coloring agent and can be as described herein below. The concentrations and types of excipients utilized to form pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein and contemplated herein can be selected according to known principles of pharmaceutical science and knowledge in the art.

[0191] Methods of Treatment

[0192] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for treating, preventing, reducing onset of, or ameliorating a health condition in a subject having, is suspected of developing, or is at risk of developing the health condition. In accordance with these embodiments, the methods can include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the instant disclosure alone or as combination therapies in treating, reducing onset or ameliorating a health condition in a subject in need thereof. In accordance with these embodiments, the compound can be in the form of a therapeutic composition including at least one compound according to the instant disclosure or can be a dosage form including at least one compound according to the instant disclosure. In certain embodiments, the health condition can be cancer or a non-cancerous growth. In other embodiments, the health condition can be any health condition treatable by compounds disclosed herein. Certain embodiments of the method and health conditions are described below. Disclosed compounds, therapeutic compositions and formulations, and dosage forms are described above and herein, respectively.

[0193] Cancer

[0194] In some embodiments, the health condition can include, but is not limited to, cancer. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, methods of the instant disclosure include treating, ameliorating, or reducing the risk of onset of cancer in a subject. In accordance with these embodiments, the cancer can include any type of cancer or tumor. In some embodiments, the cancerReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 can be a solid tumor or non-solid, or other tumor. In other embodiments, the cancer can be malignant or non-malignant, or metastatic or non-metastatic. In some embodiments, the cancer health condition can include a vascularized cancer.

[0195] Certain embodiments disclosed herein concern treating, ameliorating, or reducing the risk of onset of cancer using at least one compound disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of cancer can include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, sarcoma, myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma, and mixed types. Other non-limiting examples of cancers include, but are not limited to, connective tissue, bladder cancer, breast cancer, kidney (renal) cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, uterine cancer, other organ- or tissue-related cancer and the like. In accordance with these embodiments, a method of the instant disclosure can include the use of a compound according to the instant disclosure to treat, ameliorate, prevent, or reduce the risk of onset of any type of cancer.

[0196] Non-limiting examples of types of cancers to be treated, ameliorated, reduce onset of, or prevent can include, but is not limited to, adrenocortical carcinoma, AIDS-related cancers, pathogen-related cancer (e.g., HPV), anal cancer, appendix cancer, glioblastomas, medulloblastoma, basal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain tumors, breast cancer, bronchial adenomas / carcinoids, carcinoid tumors (childhood, gastrointestinal), carcinoma of unknown primary, cerebellar astrocytoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, colon cancer, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer, bile duct cancer, eye cancers (intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma), gallbladder cancer, gastric (stomach) cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, germ cell tumors (childhood extracranial, extragonadal, ovarian), gestational trophoblastic tumor, gliomas (adult, childhood brain stem, childhood cerebral astrocytoma, childhood visual pathway and hypothalamic, cerebral glioma, malignant glioma), head and neck cancer, hepatocellular (liver) cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, leukemias (acute lymphoblastic, acute myeloid, chronic lymphocytic, chronic myelogenous, hairy cell), lip and oral cavity cancer, lung cancers (non-small cell, small cell), lymphomas (AIDS- related, Burkitt, cutaneous T-cell, Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin, primary central nervous system), macroglobulinemia (Waldenström), medulloblastoma (childhood), mesotheliomas (adult malignant, childhood), metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (childhood), multiple myeloma / plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative diseases,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, oropharyngeal cancer, osteosarcoma / malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, ovarian cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer (surface epithelial-stromal tumor), ovarian low malignant potential tumor, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic cancer (islet cell), parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pineal astrocytoma, pineal germinoma, pineoblastoma, and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (childhood), pituitary adenoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary prostate cancer, rectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), rhabdomyosarcoma (childhood), salivary gland cancer, sarcoma (Ewing family of tumors, Kaposi, soft tissue, uterine), Sézary syndrome, skin cancers (nonmelanoma, melanoma), skin carcinoma (Merkel cell), squamous cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thymoma (childhood), thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, thyroid cancer (childhood), transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, unknown primary site (adult, childhood), urethral cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, and Wilms tumor (childhood).

[0197] In some embodiments, non-cancerous growth can also be treated by at least one compound disclosed herein to reduce progression to a cancerous lesion or contain expansion of for example, a neoplasia or benign tumor. In accordance with these embodiments, a method of the instant disclosure can also include use of a compound according to the instant disclosure to treat, ameliorate, prevent, or reduce the risk of onset of non-cancerous growths in a subject suspected of developing, or is at risk of developing any type of non-cancerous growths.

[0198] In certain embodiments, methods of the instant disclosure can include use of at least one compound disclosed herein to treat, ameliorate, prevent, or reduce the risk of onset of a cancer at any stage of development. For instance, the cancer can be a stage 0 cancer, a stage I, II, or III which can be used to describe the number of tumors in the body of a subject, the size of the tumor, and the degree of spread into nearby tissues, or a stage IV cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to other organs, lymph nodes or distant parts of the body.

[0199] In some embodiments, cancers to be treated or prevented by compounds and / or compositions disclosed herein can include, but are not limited to, prostate cancer, brain cancer, metastatic cancers, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, bone sarcoma, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, blood cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, medulloblastoma, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is bone cancer. In other embodiments, the cancer is Ewing’s sarcoma. In additional embodiments,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 the cancer is lung cancer. In yet other embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In some embodiments, the cancer is skin cancer. In other embodiments, the cancer is melanoma.

[0200] In certain embodiments and further to all paragraphs above, the cancer can be brain cancer. Non-limiting examples of brain cancer can include, but are not limited to, brainstem glioma, cerebellar astrocytoma, cerebral astrocytoma / malignant glioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, visual pathway and hypothalamic gliomas. In some embodiments, the brain cancer can be glioblastoma, high-grade glioma, other brain cancer, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, methods disclosed herein include treating, ameliorating, or reducing onset of glioblastoma. In other embodiments, methods disclosed herein include treating, ameliorating, or preventing onset of high-grade gliomas.

[0201] In some embodiments and further to paragraphs the previous paragraphs and further to paragraphs above, the cancer is cancer that metastasizes to the brain. Non-limiting examples of cancers that are most likely to cause brain metastases include, but are not limited to, lung, breast, colon, kidney, and melanoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is lung cancer, lung cancer that has metastasized to the brain, breast cancer, breast cancer that has metastasized to the brain, colon cancer, colon cancer that has metastasized to the brain, kidney cancer, kidney cancer that has metastasized to the brain, melanoma, or melanoma that has metastasized to the brain, or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has metastasized to the brain. In some embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer that has metastasized to the brain.

[0202] In some embodiments, methods of treating, ameliorating, or preventing cancer, metastasis, tumor formation or progression, or a combination thereof in a subject can include, but are not limited to, administration of an effective amount of any or the compounds and / or pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein. “An effective amount” as used herein refers to a dose of any the compounds, formulations and / or pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein that is sufficient to confer a therapeutic effect on a subject having or suspected of developing cancer. In certain embodiments, a therapeutic effect for a subject having or suspected of having cancer can include reducing the symptoms or consequences of the cancer, such as reducing expansion of, shrinking of a tumor, killing tumor cells, preventing or reducing the occurrence of metastases from a primary tumor, reducing the number of tumor cells of a tumor or tumor volume, reducing or preventing metastasis of a tumor, inhibiting the growth or expansion of tumor cells of a primary tumor,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 secondary tumor and / or a metastatic tumor, eliminating or killing tumor cells and the like.

[0203] Non-Neoplastic Conditions

[0204] In some embodiments, the health condition can include, but is not limited to, non- neoplastic conditions. Non-neoplastic conditions refer to a non-cancerous, non-malignant, or benign disease or lesion that is not abnormal tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, methods of the instant disclosure include treating, ameliorating, or reducing the risk of onset of gout, familial Mediterranean fever, or nail fungus. In other embodiments, the health condition can include, but is not limited to, vascular disease.

[0205] Subjects

[0206] In some embodiments, the subject to be treated by any compound or any composition disclosed herein for any health condition can be human. In other embodiments, the subject can be a non-human animal or other mammal. In some embodiments, a subject can be livestock, a companion animal, a lab animal, or a zoological, a wild animal, reptile, fish or bird. Non-limiting examples of livestock can include, but is not limited to, pigs, cows, buffalo goats, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, llamas, and alpacas. Non-limiting examples of companion animals can include pets such as dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, and birds. As used herein, a zoological animal can include any animal found in a zoo. Zoo and wild animals can include, but are not limited to, non- human primates, wild cats, wolves, and bears. Non-limiting examples of a laboratory animal can include rodents, canines, felines, and non-human primates. In some embodiments, the subject is a human subject such as a fetus, infant, child, adolescent, young adult, adult, or elderly adult.

[0207] In some embodiments, a subject can be any subject for whom treatment or therapy is needed. In other embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing a health condition. In certain embodiments, the health condition is cancer. In some embodiments, a subject can have, have had, is suspected of having, or is at risk of developing cancer. In some embodiment, a subject can have, have had, is suspected of having, or is at risk of developing a solid tumor. In certain embodiments, a subject can be a mammal. In some embodiments, a subject can be human. In other embodiments, a subject in need of methods disclosed herein can be identified by routine medical examination, e.g., laboratory tests, biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, ultrasound exams, and the like. In some embodiments, the subject to be treated by methods described herein can have undergone or is undergoing an anti-cancer therapy, for example, chemotherapy,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and / or surgery.

[0208] In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing cancer. In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, suspected of having, or at risk of developing, without limitation, prostate cancer, brain cancer, metastatic cancers, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, bone sarcoma, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, blood cancer, skin cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, medulloblastoma, or any combination thereof, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the prostate (e.g., acinar adenocarcinoma and / or prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma). In certain embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and / or meningioma. In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing exocrine pancreatic cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, colloid carcinoma) and / or neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer. In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, suspected of having, or a risk for developing ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, breast cancer including, but not limited to, inflammatory breast cancer, and / or metastatic breast cancer. In other embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, suspected of having, having had, or at risk of developing osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, poorly differentiated round / spindle cell tumors, Ewing sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma / myofibrosarcoma, chordoma, adamantinoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and / or malignant solitary fibrous tumor. In additional embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), fibrolamellar HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, secondary liver cancer, and / or hepatoblastoma. In other embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods described herein can be a human subject having, suspected of having, having had, or at risk of developing urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and / or small-cell carcinomas of the bladder.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0209] In certain embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing prostate cancer. In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing breast cancer. In other embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing bone cancer. In yet other embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing Ewing’s sarcoma. In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing lung cancer. In additional embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasizing to brain. In other embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing skin cancer. In some embodiments, a subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein can be a human subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing melanoma.

[0210] Administration

[0211] In certain embodiments, compositions disclosed herein can be administered topically. Topical administration can include the use of transdermal administration such as transdermal patches or iontophoresis devices. In some embodiments, compositions disclosed herein can be formulated in dosage unit formulations for administration that further include, but are not limited to, conventional nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, carriers, excipients, and vehicles as described in herein and above, respectively.

[0212] In certain embodiments, dosage levels of compounds disclosed herein in a therapeutic composition of the disclosure can be varied to administer a concentration of compounds or mixtures of compounds that is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular subject. A selected dosage level can depend upon a variety of factors, including the particular compound or mixture of compounds in a composition, the activity of the therapeutic composition, formulation, the combination with other drugs or treatments, disease and disease duration, and theReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 physical condition and prior medical history of the subject being treated. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is within the skill of a health professional.

[0213] In some embodiments, a composition disclosed herein is administered as needed, upon development or shortly before development of symptoms. In some embodiments, the composition is administered regularly by following a prescribed treatment schedule. For instance, a composition of the instant disclosure can be administered routinely, at various intervals. In another example, compositions can be administered daily, weekly, monthly, or over several months. In some embodiments, compositions are administered daily. In other embodiments, compositions are administered weekly. In yet other embodiments, compositions are administered monthly. Compositions can also be administered every three to six months or by longer intervals as determined is appropriate for prolonged administration or treatment. As it will be recognized in the art, the duration of treatment can and will vary and can be determined by a health professional.

[0214] Administration of compositions described herein can also be carried out as part of a treatment regimen that can include multiple instances of administration of one or more compositions or mixture of compositions. Such a regimen can be designed as a method of immediately treating a condition and / or as a method of long-term maintenance of the health of a subject after having been treated for a condition (e.g., prevention). For instance, a treatment regimen can be designed to delay the onset of the condition of interest in a subject. It will be appreciated that determination of appropriate treatment regimens is within the skill of a health professional.

[0215] It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a composition of the present disclosure can be co-administered with other therapeutic agents before, after, and / or during treatment with a composition of the disclosure. The term “co-administer” refers to administration of more than one active ingredient at the same time, just prior to, or just after the administration of one or more additional therapies. The compounds of the disclosure can be administered alone or can be co-administered to the subject along with another compound or a standard agent known in the art. Co-administration is meant to include simultaneous or sequential administration of the compounds individually or in combination. Dosage amounts and intervals can be adjusted individually to provide levels of the administered compound effective for the particular clinical indication being treated. This will provide a therapeutic regimen that is commensurate with the severity of the individual's disease state.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0216] In certain embodiments, a subject treated with one or more compounds or compositions disclosed herein can have completed at least one additional cancer therapeutic regimen, be receiving an additional cancer therapeutic regimen, or can receive an additional cancer therapeutic regimen following treatment disclosed herein or surgery before or after administering a compound or composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an additional therapeutic regimen of use to treat cancer disclosed herein can include administering one or more anti-cancer therapeutic or treatment, e.g., one or more of chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapies, small molecules, and an immunomodulatory agent. In some embodiments, anti-cancer therapeutics or treatments can be administered separately from a compound disclosed herein or a derivative thereof. In certain embodiments, anti-cancer therapeutics or treatments can be administered to a subject before, during, or after at least one compound is administered to a subject disclosed herein at least once daily, every other day, every third day, twice weekly, weekly, every other week, twice monthly or monthly, every other month, every six months, or other suitable dosing regimen.

[0217] In certain embodiments, the present invention further comprises administration of one or more of anti-microbial agents, a chemotherapeutic agent, other anti-cancer therapy, or antibody or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-microbial agent comprises one or more of anti- viral, anti-fungal, or anti-bacterial agent, bactericidal agent, or other anti-microbial agent. In other embodiments, the anti-bacterial agent comprises one or more of doxycycline or tetracycline.

[0218] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be administered before, during, or after at least one or more chemotherapeutic agents. Non-limiting examples of a chemotherapeutic agent can include, but is not limited to, temozolomide, lomustine, belzutifan, cisplatin, carboplatin, nedaplatin, triplatin tetranitrate, phenanthriplatin, picoplatin, satraplatin, Doxorubicin, Melphalan, Roscovitine, Mitomycin C, Hydroxyurea, 5-Fluorouracil, AraC (cytarabine), 6- mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, Cisplatin, Ara-C, Etoposide, Gemcitabine, Bortezomib, Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Sodium Valproate, a HDAC Inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, or Dacarbazine or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of HDAC inhibitors include FR01228, Trichostatin A, SAHA and / or PDX101. Non-limiting examples of DNA synthesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, capecitabine, floxuridine, decitabine, vidaza, fludarabine, nelarabine, cladribine, clofarabine, pentostatin, thiarabine, troxacitabine, sapacitabine or forestine. More examples of additional chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, FLT3 inhibitors such as Semexanib (SCT5416), Sunitinib (SU 11248), Midostaurin (PKC412), Lestautinib (CEP-701), Tandutinib (MLN518), CHIR-258, Sorafenib (BAY-43-9006) and / or KW-Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 2449. Other non-limiting examples of additional chemotherapeutic agents include farnesyltransferase inhibitors such as tipifarnib (Rl 15777, Zarnestra), lonafarnib (SCH66336, Sarasar™) and / or BMS-214662. Other chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, topoisomerase II inhibitors such as the epipodophyllotoxins etoposide, teniposide, anthracyclines doxorubicin and / or 4-epi-doxorubicin. More non-limiting examples of additional chemotherapeutic agents include P-glycoprotein modulators such as zosuquidar trihydrochloride (Z.3HCL), vanadate, or verapamil. More non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic agents include hypomethylating agents such as 5-aza-cytidine or 2' deoxyazacitidine.

[0219] In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be administered before, during, or after at least one or more other agents. Non-limiting examples of such other agents or molecules can include, but are not limited to, imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, regorafenib, ponatinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, erdafitinib, lenvatinib, pazopanib, afatinib, gefitinib, osimertinib, vandetanib, erlotinib, lapatinib, dacomitinib, neratinib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, palbociclib, cabozantinib, crizotinib, axitinib, alectinib, vemurafenib, encorafenib, dabrafenib, olaparib, rucaparib, talazoparib, niraparib, larotrectinib, entrectinib, lorlatinib, ibrutinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib, trametinib, brigatinib, cgilteritinib, ceritinib, ivosidenib, carfilzomib, marizomib, alpelisib, duvelisib, copanlisib, and the like.

[0220] In other embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be administered alone or in combination with at least one immunomodulatory agent. Non-limiting examples of such immunomodulatory agents include, but are not limited to, anti-PD1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-OX40, anti-CD137, etc. Non-limiting examples of PD-1 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, anti-PD-1 antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cemiplimab. Non-limiting examples of PD-L1 inhibitors can include atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab. A non- limiting example of a CTLA-4 inhibitor is the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab. In some embodiments, an immunomodulatory agent can be one or more inhibitors that target a checkpoint molecule selected from CD40, GITR, LAG-3, OX40, TIGIT and TIM-3.

[0221] In certain embodiments and further to the preceding paragraphs, at least one additional therapeutic regimen in combination therapies disclosed herein can include administering radiation. In some embodiments, a subject can be treated by radiation therapy by at least one of before, during or after administration of a compound and / or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In other embodiments, a subject can be treated by radiation therapy at least 12 hours, about 24 hours, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 1 week, or about 2Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 weeks or about 3 weeks or more before and / or after administration of a compound and / or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In yet other embodiments, a subject can be treated by radiation therapy using ionizing radiation. In some embodiments, a subject can be treated by radiation therapy delivered by a linear accelerator. In additional embodiments, a subject can be treated by radiation therapy delivered directly to a tumor. In certain embodiments, radiation therapy can be delivered directly to a tumor at a dose of radiation ranging from about 2 Gy to about 150 Gy (e.g., about 2, about 5, about 10, about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 75, about 100, about 125, about 150 Gy or other suitable radiation range or dose).

[0222] In some embodiments, at least one compound disclosed herein can be administered before, during and / or after at least one chemotherapy agent to treat a subject having or suspected of developing brain cancer (e.g., glioblastoma, high grade glioma, or cancer that metastasizes to the brain). In some embodiments, at least one compound herein can be administered before, during and / or after temozolomide to treat a subject having or suspected of having brain cancer (e.g., glioblastoma, high grade glioma, or cancer that metastasizes to the brain).

[0223] In some embodiments, at least one compound herein can be administered before, during and / or after lomustine to treat a subject having or suspected of having brain cancer. In some embodiments, at least one compound herein can be administered before, during and / or after belzutifan to treat a subject having or suspected of having brain cancer. In other embodiments, at least one compound herein can be administered before, during and / or after crizotinib to treat a subject having or suspected of having non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has metastasized to the brain. In yet other embodiments, at least one compound herein can be administered before, during and / or after osimertinib to treat a subject having or suspected of having non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has metastasized to the brain.

[0224] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be administered with at least one chemotherapy agent to treat a subject having or suspected of developing brain cancer (e.g., glioblastoma, high grade glioma, or cancer that metastasizes to the brain). In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be administered before, during and / or after temozolomide to treat a subject having or suspected of having brain cancer (e.g., glioblastoma, high grade glioma, or cancer that metastasizes to the brain). In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be administered before, during and / or after lomustine to treat a subject having or suspected of having brain cancer. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be administeredReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 before, during and / or after belzutifan to treat a subject having or suspected of having brain cancer. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be administered before, during and / or after crizotinib to treat a subject having or suspected of having non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has metastasized to the brain. In yet other embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be administered before, during and / or after osimertinib to treat a subject having or suspected of having non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has metastasized to the brain.

[0225] In some embodiments, at least one compound or formulation thereof disclosed herein can be administered with radiation to treat a subject having or suspected of developing prostate cancer and / or Ewing sarcoma.

[0226] In certain embodiments, at least one compound disclosed herein can be administered with at least one inhibitor of an ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein to treat a subject having, having had, suspected of having, or at risk of developing prostate cancer and / or Ewing sarcoma. Non-limiting examples of inhibitors of ATR proteins (i.e., ATR inhibitors) suitable for use herein can include Schisandrin B, NU6027, BAY 1895344, Dactolisib (NVP-BEZ235), EPT- 46464, Torin 2, VE-821, AZ20, M4344 (VX-803), Ceralasertib (AZD6738), Berzosertib (M6620, VX-970), and the like. In certain embodiments, at least one compound herein can be administered with Berzosertib to treat a subject having or suspected of having Ewing sarcoma and / or prostate cancer.

[0227] In other embodiments, at least one compound disclosed herein can be administered with at least one inhibitor of serine / threonine kinase Checkpoint a 1 (CHK1) to treat a subject having or suspected of having prostate cancer and / or Ewing sarcoma. Non-limiting examples of CHK1 inhibitors can include MK-8776 (SCH 900776), PF-477736, Prexasertib (LY2606368), Rabusertib (LY2603618), and the like. In certain embodiments, at least one compound herein can be administered with Rabusertib to treat a subject having or suspected of developing Ewing sarcoma and / or prostate cancer.

[0228] In some embodiments, at least one compound disclosed herein can be administered with at least one inhibitor of PARP1 (poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase-1) to treat a subject having or suspected of developing pancreatic cancer. Non-limiting examples of PARP1 inhibitors suitable for use herein can include, but are not limited to, Veliparib, Pamiparib (BGB-290), CEP 9722, E7016, Rucaparib, Niraparib, Talazoparib, Olaparib, and the like. In some embodiments, at leastReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 one compound disclosed herein can be administered before, during and / or after Olaparib to treat a subject having or suspected of developing pancreatic cancer.

[0229] Dose

[0230] In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 0.5-5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 0.5-1 mg / kg. In some embodiments the effective dose in a human is about 1-2 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 2-3 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 3-4 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 4-5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 0.5-1.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 1-1.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 2.5-3 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 1.5-2.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 2-2.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 2.5-3.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 3-3.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 3.5-4.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 3.5-5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 3.5-4 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 4-4.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 4.5-5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 1-3 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 3-5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is about 3-4.5 mg / kg.

[0231] In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 0.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 1.0 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 1.25 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 1.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 1.75 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 2.0 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 2.25 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 2.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 2.75 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 3.0 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 3.25 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 3.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 3.75 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 4 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 4.25 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 4.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 4.75 mg / kg.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 In some embodiments, the effective dose in a human is 5 mg / kg.

[0232] In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 1-25 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 1-5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 5-10 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 10-15 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 15-20 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 20-25 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 1-3 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 3-5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 5-8 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 8- 10 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 10-12 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 12-15 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 15-17 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 17-19 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 17-19 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 1-21 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 21-23 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 23-25 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 1-10 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 10-20 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 10-25 mg / kg.

[0233] In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 1 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 1.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 2 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 2.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 3.0 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 3.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 4.0 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 4.5 mg / kg, In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 5.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 6 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 6.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 6.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 7 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 7.5 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 10 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 12 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 15 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 20 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 23 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the effective dose in a mouse is 25 mg / kg.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0234] In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered after at least one compound is administered. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered to a subject before at least one compound is administered. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered to a subject during (e.g. at the same time) at least one compound is administered. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered alone.

[0235] In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered at least once daily. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered every other day. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered every third day. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered twice weekly. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered weekly. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered every other week. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered twice monthly. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered monthly. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered every other month. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered every six months. In some embodiments, the effective dose is administered by some other suitable dosing regimen.

[0236] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for treating, preventing, reducing onset of, or ameliorating a health condition in a subject having, is suspected of developing, or is at risk of developing the health condition. In accordance with these embodiments, the methods can include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the instant disclosure alone or as combination therapies in treating, reducing onset or ameliorating a health condition in a subject in need thereof. In accordance with these embodiments, the compound can be in the form of a therapeutic composition including at least one compound according to the instant disclosure or can be a dosage form including at least one compound according to the instant disclosure. In certain embodiments, the health condition can be cancer or a non-cancerous growth. In other embodiments, the health condition can be any health condition treatable by compounds disclosed herein. Certain embodiments of the method and health conditions are described below. Disclosed compounds, therapeutic compositions and formulations, and dosage forms are described herein and above, respectively.

[0237] Methods of Use

[0238] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of modulating abnormal cell division, the method comprising the steps of: (a) identifying a cell with abnormal cell division; and (b) administering the compounds or compositions as disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0239] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of drug screening to identify a therapeutically effective drug candidate to treat a health condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (a) identifying an in vitro or in vivo model for a health condition; (b) administering the drug candidate and reference compound to the in vitro or in vivo model; (c) determining efficacy, toxicity, or side effects of the drug candidate and reference compound; and (d) comparing the efficacy, toxicity, or side effects of the drug candidate and reference compound to identify the therapeutically effective drug candidate. The reference compound may be any one of the compounds disclosed herein.

[0240] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of detecting a target cell with abnormal cell division, the method comprising the steps of: (a) identifying a sample comprising the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) determining whether the small molecule conjugated with a tag binds to the target cell with abnormal cell division. In some embodiments, the small molecule is any one of the compounds or compositions as disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.

[0241] In further embodiments, the affinity-based assay is an immuno-based assay, receptor- based assay, antibody-based assay, nanoparticle-based assay, chemical assay, optical assay, or kinetic binding assay. In other embodiments, the affinity-based assay is a gel electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot assay, fluorescence intensity assay, fluorescence anisotropy assay, fluorescence energy transfer assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, light scattering assay, forward binding assay, dissociation assay, or reverse binding assay. In some embodiments, the affinity-based assay is a colchicine competitive binding assay.

[0242] A method of detecting a protein expressed by a target cell with abnormal cell division, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) identifying a sample comprising the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) determining whether the small molecule conjugated with a tag binds to protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division. In some embodiments, the small molecule is the compounds or compositions as disclosed herein or a derivative thereof. In further embodiments, the affinity-based assay is an immuno-based assay, receptor-based assay, antibody-based assay, nanoparticle-based assay, chemical assay, optical assay, or kinetic binding assay. In other embodiments, the affinity-Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 based assay is a gel electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot assay, fluorescence intensity assay, fluorescence anisotropy assay, fluorescence energy transfer assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, light scattering assay, forward binding assay, dissociation assay, or reverse binding assay. In some embodiments, the affinity-based assay is a colchicine competitive binding assay.

[0243] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of detecting or isolating a target cell with abnormal cell division, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) identifying a sample comprising the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based pull-down assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) selectively isolating the target cell with abnormal cell division. In some embodiments, the small molecule is the compounds or compositions as disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.

[0244] In other embodiments, the method of detecting or isolating a protein expressed by a target cell with abnormal cell division, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) identifying a sample comprising the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division; (b) performing an affinity-based pull-down assay using a small molecule conjugated with a tag to contact the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division with the small molecule conjugated with the tag; and (c) selectively isolating the protein expressed by the target cell with abnormal cell division. In other embodiments, the small molecule is the compounds or compositions as disclosed herein or a derivative thereof.

[0245] Kits

[0246] In certain embodiments, kits are provided herein for use in treating or alleviating or preventing a targeted disease or condition treatable by at least one compound disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the kit can include at least one compound or composition containing at least one compound disclosed herein, and at least one container. In some embodiments, the kit can include instructions for use in accordance with any of the methods described herein. In other embodiments, instructions can include a description for administering at least one compound and / or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to a subject. In accordance with embodiments herein, kits can include instructions that provide information as to dosage, dosing schedule, and route of administration for the intended treatment.

[0247] In some embodiments, kits disclosed herein can include at least one container. InReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 accordance with embodiments herein, containers can be any container capable of storing at least one compound or at least one composition containing at least one compound disclosed herein such as tubes, vials, bottles, syringe, such as unit doses, bulk packages (e.g., multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. Instructions supplied in the kits of the invention can be written instructions on a label or package insert (e.g., a paper sheet included in the kit), but machine-readable instructions (e.g., instructions carried on a magnetic or optical storage disk) are also acceptable. The label or package insert indicates that the composition is used for treating, delaying the onset and / or alleviating onset of a health condition or disease contemplated herein. Instructions can be provided for practicing any of the methods described herein.

[0248] Kits disclosed herein can include suitable packaging. Suitable packaging includes, but is not limited to, vials, bottles, jars, flexible packaging (e.g., sealed Mylar or plastic bags), and the like. Also contemplated herein are packages for use in combination with a specific device, such as an inhaler, nasal administration device (e.g., an atomizer), patch or an infusion device such as a minipump. A kit can have a sterile access port (for example the container can be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). The container can also have a sterile access port (for example the container can be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). At least one active agent in the composition can be a compound disclosed herein.

[0249] Kits can optionally provide additional components such as buffers and interpretive information. Normally, the kit includes a container and a label or package insert(s) on or associated with the container. In some embodiments, the invention provides articles of manufacture including contents of the kits described above.

[0250] In certain embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can be analyzed and have a central nervous system multiparameter optimization (CNS MPO) score. In accordance with these embodiments, the CNS MPO score can be determined by an algorithm that uses a weighted scoring function to assess six fundamental physicochemical properties [(a) lipophilicity, calculated partition coefficient (ClogP); (b) calculated distribution coefficient at about pH 7.4 (ClogD); (c) molecular weight (MW); (d) topological polar surface area (TPSA); (e) number of hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs); and (f) most basic center (pKa)]. In these examples, the algorithm assigns a selected compound a collective score ranging from 0 to 6, wherein higher CNS MPO scores are indicative of the compound’s capability to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can have a CNS MPO score indicative of BBBReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 permeability. In other embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can have a CNS MPO score greater than or equal to 4.0 indicative of the ability to cross the BBB of use to treat health conditions where the brain of a subject is affected.

[0251] In some embodiments, the compound has a Papp score greater than 10. In other embodiments, the efflux ratio of the compound is less than 2.0.

[0252] In some embodiments, the compound is a drug conjugate or a prodrug.

[0253] In certain embodiments and further to the previous paragraphs, compounds disclosed herein can decrease viability or induce cell killing of at least one cancer cell. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can decrease viability or induce cell killing of at least one cancer cell in a subject by about 10.0% to about 99% or up to 100% (e.g., about 1.0% or up to 100%, about 25.0% or up to 100%, about 50.0% or up to 100%, about 75.0% or up to about 100%, about 99% to about 100%) when compared to cancer cells not exposed to a compound or mixture of compounds or formulation thereof disclosed herein. In other embodiments, compounds disclosed here can reduce tumor volume by about 10% up to 100% compared to cancer cells not exposed to a compound or mixture of compounds or formulation thereof disclosed herein. In yet other embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can reduce metastasis of a tumor by about 10% up to about 100% in a subject compared to cancer cells not exposed to a compound or mixture of compounds or formulation thereof disclosed herein. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can have a half maximal effective concentration (i.e., EC50) for decreasing cancer cell viability, reducing tumor volume and / or reducing metastasis of a tumor of at least about 0.001 μM.

[0254] In certain embodiments and further to the previous paragraphs, compounds disclosed herein can include a cell cycle inhibitor or other anti-tumor agent or anti-neoplasia agent or compound able to reduce aberrant cell growth or cell expansion. Cell cycle inhibitors reduce or stop cell cycle progression through various mechanisms. Cell cycle arrest can be induced at different stages, decreasing the rate of cell division and reduce or inhibit the number of actively cycling cells. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can arrest a cell cycle at G2M. In other embodiments, compounds disclosed herein can arrest cell proliferation of at least one cancer cell or non-cancerous aberrant cell proliferation at the G2M cell cycle stage.

[0255] In other embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein are effective for treating a health condition. In some embodiments, the compounds are effective for preventing cancer cells fromReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 dividing. In other embodiments, the compounds are effective for inhibiting tubulin polymerization. In other embodiments, the compounds are effective for destabilizing microtubules. In other embodiments, the compounds are effective for arresting cell division in the G2 / M phase. In some embodiments, the compounds are effective for cytoxicity against multiple cancer cell lines. In some embodiments, the compounds are effective for treating a cancer or metastasis.

[0256] In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein are effective for treating a health condition. In some embodiments, the compounds are effective for treating non-neoplastic conditions.

[0257] In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein are effective for treating gout, familial Mediterranean fever, or nail fungus. In other embodiments, the compound is effective as a vascular targeting agent.

[0258] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are effective for reducing tumor growth in a subject up to 70% as compared to a subject not treated with the compound.

[0259] In a non-limiting method, the central nervous system multiparameter optimization (CNS MPO) score, the kinetic solubility, and cellular permeability of selected compounds were determined. The CNS MPO score for compounds and their isomers disclosed herein were calculated using an algorithm that uses a weighted scoring function assessing 6 key physicochemical properties (clogP, clogD, MW, TPSA, HBD, and pKa) for blood-brain-barrier (BBB penetration). The CNS MPO score ranged from 0 and 6.0 with scores ≥ 4.0 used as a cut-off to select compounds that can have a high probability of accumulating in the CNS. Kinetic solubility of a compound is the maximum solubility of the fastest precipitating species of the compound. Kinetic solubility was determined by preparing a concentrated stock solution for compounds and their isomers disclosed herein in an organic solvent (DMSO), after which the solution was mixed with an aqueous PBS buffer and then filtered. Filtrate was tested to quantify the kinetic solubility using HPLC-MS calibration curve. Cellular permeability was determined by calculating the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and the efflux ratio (Papp BA / Papp AB). Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated from the equation: where ΔQ / Δt is the steady-state, concentration in the donor chamberReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 at each time interval (mol / mL), and A is the surface area of the filter (cm2). The data are presented as means ± SD of six independent monolayers.

[0260] It is observed that current FDA approved therapies related to tubulin interactions bind to tubulin in large clefts on the surface of the protein. Consequently, these drugs are large themselves. For brain penetration, the larger the molecule, the less likely it will penetrate the brain. Therefore, large molecules struggle to cross the blood brain barrier. If these large molecules do cross the blood brain barrier or are directly administered into the brain, these molecules are often actively removed from the brain by molecular pumps designed to remove toxins. Therefore, these molecules not only have issues penetrating the brain barrier but are often pumped back out. This can result in higher doses being needed to overcome these issues with reduced efficacy and efficiency and more likelihood of toxicity issues.

[0261] Using a different approach, as disclosed herein, some molecules of the instant application were designed to bind to a small cleft on the surface of the tubulin protein. This change permits molecules of smaller size and these properties affect and improve brain penetration and avoid the efflux pumps that would otherwise remove these molecules from the brain.

[0262] In another exemplary method, the use of one or more of the compounds disclosed herein as a lead for drug screening using artificial intelligence (AI) was further characterized as illustrated and as described herein below.

[0263] In some embodiments, the present invention features a system for using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate one or more candidate compounds. The one or more candidate compounds may be derived from any of the compounds described herein, incorporate any of the compounds described herein, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the system may comprise a processor configured to execute computer-readable instructions, and a memory component communicatively coupled to the processor. The memory component may comprise an AI model comprising one or more neural networks, trained with a training data set comprising chemical training data. Training the AI model may comprise feeding the training data set as input into the AI model. The AI model may be trained to generate the one or more candidate compounds as output. The memory component may further comprise computer-readable instructions. The computer-readable instructions may comprise inputting chemical data into the AI model. The chemical data may comprise data unique to any of the compounds described herein. The computer- readable instructions may further comprise generating, by the AI model, the one or more candidateReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 compounds.

[0264] In some embodiments, the present invention features a method for using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate one or more candidate compounds. The one or more candidate compounds may be derived from any of the compounds described herein, incorporate any of the compounds described herein, or a combination thereof. The method may comprise providing an AI model comprising one or more neural networks, trained with a training data set comprising chemical training data. Training the AI model may comprise feeding the training data set as input into the AI model. The AI model may be trained to generate the one or more candidate compounds as output. The method may further comprise inputting chemical data into the AI model, wherein the chemical data comprises data unique to any of the compounds described herein, and generating, by the AI model, the one or more candidate compounds.

[0265] In some embodiments, the one or more candidate compounds may comprise one or more candidate drug compounds. In some embodiments, the data unique to any of the compounds described herein may comprise one or more structural properties, one or more physical properties, one or more interactions between the compound and one or more other chemical compounds, one or more molecular pathways, one or more molecular cell profiles, or a combination thereof.

[0266] In some embodiments, the present invention features a method for training an artificial intelligence (AI) model to generate one or more candidate compounds. The one or more candidate compounds may be derived from any of the compounds described herein, incorporate any of the compounds described herein, or a combination thereof. The AI model may comprise one or more neural networks. The training method may comprise feeding a training data set comprising chemical training data unique to any of the compounds described herein as input into the AI model. The method may further comprise inputting chemical data into the AI model, wherein the chemical data comprises data unique to any of the compounds described herein. The AI model may be trained to generate the one or more candidate compounds as output.

[0267] In some embodiments, the chemical training data may comprise data pertaining to one or more chemical compounds. The data pertaining to the one or more chemical compounds may comprise one or more structural properties of the one or more chemical compounds, one or more physical properties of the one or more chemical compounds, one or more interactions between the one or more chemical compounds, one or more molecular pathways of the one or more chemical compounds, one or more molecular cell profiles of the one or more chemical compounds, or aReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 combination thereof.

[0268] In some embodiments, the chemical training data may comprise one or more vector representations of the one or more chemical compounds. In some embodiments, the chemical training data may comprise one or more knowledge graphs representing the one or more chemical compounds. In some embodiments, the chemical training data may comprise any single or multi- dimensional representation of the one or more chemical compounds.

[0269] In some embodiments, the chemical training data may comprise one or more training labels associated with the one or more chemical compounds. In some embodiments, the one or more training labels may comprise one or more label elements having predetermined values. In some embodiments, the one or more training labels may comprise bioassay results, toxicity, cross- reactivity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, solubility data, or a combination thereof.

[0270] In some embodiments, the chemical data may comprise data pertaining to one or more chemical compounds. The data pertaining to the one or more chemical compounds may comprise one or more structural properties of the one or more chemical compounds, one or more physical properties of the one or more chemical compounds, one or more interactions between the one or more chemical compounds, one or more molecular pathways of the one or more chemical compounds, one or more molecular cell profiles of the one or more chemical compounds, or a combination thereof.

[0271] In some embodiments, the chemical data may comprise one or more vector representations of the one or more chemical compounds. In some embodiments, the chemical data may comprise one or more knowledge graphs representing the one or more chemical compounds. In some embodiments, the chemical data may comprise any single or multi-dimensional representation of the one or more chemical compounds.

[0272] In some embodiments, the chemical data may comprise one or more labels associated with the one or more chemical compounds. In some embodiments, the one or more labels may comprise one or more label elements having predetermined values. In some embodiments, the one or more labels may comprise bioassay results, toxicity, cross-reactivity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, solubility data, or a combination thereof.

[0273] The AI model may be stored, trained, and / or executed entirely on the user's computer,Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer, or entirely on the remote computer or server. The AI model may be stored in the form of program code, as described above. The one or more neural networks of the AI model, in some embodiments, may comprise a perceptron neural network, a feed-forward neural network, a multilayer perceptron neural network, a radial basis functional neural network, a recurrent neural network, a long short-term memory neural network, a sequence-to-sequence neural network model, a modular neural network, a graph-based convolutional neural network, an instance-based model, a feature attribution model, or the like.

[0274] In a non-limiting example, the AI model of the presently claimed invention may comprise a perceptron neural network, configured to accept the chemical data as input, execute one or more functions on the input, multiply the output of the one or more functions by a plurality of weights, and generating a final output comprising the one or more candidate compounds. In another non- limiting example, the AI model of the presently claimed invention may comprise a multilayer perceptron neural network comprising a plurality of layers, each layer configured to execute the process of a single perceptron network, each layer linked to an input and output feed such that the output of one layer is the input of a subsequent layer. The input to the first layer may be the chemical data and the output of the last layer may be the one or more candidate compounds.

[0275] In another non-limiting example, the AI model may comprise a graph-based convolutional neural network comprising a plurality of layers. Each layer of the plurality of layers may be linked to an input and output feed such that the output of one layer is the input of a subsequent layer. The input to the first layer may be the chemical data and the output of the last layer may be the one or more candidate compounds. The chemical data may be converted into one or more graph structures before being transmitted to the plurality of layers. In some embodiments, the plurality of layers and the functions therein may be configured to extract one or more subgraphs from the input graph comprising one or more relevant node features and apply one or more attention-based functions to the subgraphs and relevant node features to assign importance to certain molecules, connections, atoms, etc. such that the model is able to generate and / or predict new candidate compounds based on the input comprising any of the compounds described herein, utilizing the most relevant patterns determined by the one or more attention-based functions. Determining which patterns are relevant and important for discovery may be a component of the training data set.

[0276] The one or more candidate compounds may comprise one or more chemical compounds linked to any of the compounds described herein, one or more chemical compounds reassembledReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 from the components of any of the compounds described herein, one or more chemical compounds deriving from any of the compounds described herein by way of a chemical reaction, one or more chemical compounds related to any of the compounds described herein, or a combination thereof.

[0277] In another exemplary method, the use of one or more of the compounds disclosed herein as a drug screening tool using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays was further characterized as illustrated and as described herein below.

[0278] The present invention features a method for screening one or more potential drug candidate compounds to determine whether it is therapeutically effective using any one of the compounds disclosed herein as a reference compound. The method comprises: (a) identifying one or more of an in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo model for experimentation; (b) contacting at least one of a cell, fluid, tissue, organ or animal with at least of one of the reference compound, the potential drug candidate compound, or a negative control compound; (c) determining in parallel one or more drug parameter or characteristic from contacting the cell, fluid, tissue, organ, or animal with at least one of the reference compound, the potential drug candidate compound or the negative control compound; and (d) comparing the drug parameter or characteristic of one or more of the negative control, the reference compound, or the drug candidate compound to determine whether the drug candidate compound is therapeutically effective.

[0279] In a non-limiting example, the in vitro model may comprise a cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescent staining assay, immunofluorescent staining of cellular beta tubulin, tubulin polymerization assay, competitive binding assay, colchicine competitive binding assay, binding site cellular assay, colchicine-binding site cellular assay, reversibility assay, kinetic solubility assay, microsomal stability assay, plasma protein binding study, cellular permeability study, or cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. In another non-limiting example, the ex vivo model comprises an excised tumor in a chicken egg model. In another non-limiting example, the in vivo model comprises a pharmacokinetic (PK) study, brain pharmacokinetic (PK) study, maximum tolerated dose study, efficacy study, metabolite profiling in hepatocytes, survivability study, or tumor size study.

[0280] In some non-limiting examples, the drug parameter or characteristic analyzed comprises pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), brain pharmacokinetics (brain PK), target-site binding, cell viability, cellular permeability, blood brain barrier permeability, efficacy, toxicity and safety, stability, microsomal stability, kinetic solubility, plasma protein binding, microsomalReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 stability, or effects on cell cycle.

[0281] In some non-limiting examples, cells may be contacted with the reference compound, the potential drug candidate compound, or a negative control compound. The cell may comprise a primary tumor cell, cancer cell, U87 glioblastoma cells, LN-18 glioblastoma cells, HMC3 microglial cells, patient-derived GBM cells, MDR1-MDCK (multidrug-resistant-1-Mandin-Darby canine kidney) cells, human cryopreserved hepatocytes, or cells used in a patient-derived xenograft model. In other non-limiting examples, fluids may be contacted with the reference compound, the potential drug candidate compound, or a negative control compound. The fluids may comprise plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, brain homogenate, urine, whole blood, serum, or tumor homogenate. In some non-limiting examples, tissue may be contacted with the reference compound, the potential drug candidate compound, or a negative control compound. The tissues may comprise a brain tumor tissue, normal brain tissue, tumor tissue, or solid tumor tissue. In other non-limiting examples, organs may be contacted with the reference compound, the potential drug candidate compound, or a negative control compound. The organs may comprise a brain, breast, skin, lungs, liver, bones, or connective tissue. In other non-limiting examples, animals may be contacted with the reference compound, the potential drug candidate compound, or a negative control compound. The animals may comprise a mouse, rat, dog, monkey, rabbit, or pig.

[0282] EXAMPLES

[0283] The following are non-limiting examples of compounds and synthesis procedures of the present invention. It is to be understood that said example is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Equivalents or substitutes are within the scope of the present invention.

[0284] Example 1: Referring to FIG.1, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0786) is described below.

[0285] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone

[0286] A solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), piperidine (438.9 mg, 5.15 mmol), N-methylimidazole (NMI) (253.69 mg, 3.09 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature, followed by addition of chloro-N,N,N′,N′- tetramethylformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TCFH) (561.16 mg, 2.06 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organicReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20:1) to get (2-aminobenzo[d] thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (155.1 mg, 0.59 mmol) as a yellow solid. (Yield 54.03 %).

[0287] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1- carboxamide

[0288] To a solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (80 mg, 0.31 mmol), 3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (51.74 mg, 0.398 mmol), NMI (76.34 mg, 0.93 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TCFH (173.96 mg, 0.62 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(piperidine- 1-carbonyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (23.6 mg, 0.06 mmol) (Yield 20.41 %) as a yellow solid.

[0289] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 374.5 [M + H]+.

[0290] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.44 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.43- 7.41 (m, 1H), 4.04-4.03 (m, 0.25H), 4.01-3.81 (m, 0.75H), 3.56 (m, 4H), 3.34-3.32 (m, 0.3H), 3.15- 3.14 (m, 3H), 2.96-2.92 (m, 0.7H), 2.47-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.18 (m, 0.5H), 2.17-2.05 (m, 1.5H), 1.61-1.52 (m, 6H).

[0291] Example 2: Referring to FIG.2, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0794) is described below.

[0292] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone

[0293] A solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), piperidine (438.9 mg, 5.15mmol), NMI (253.69 mg, 3.09 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TCFH (561.16 mg, 2.06mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20:1) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (155.1 mg, 0.59 mmol) (Yield 54.03 %) as a yellow solid.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0294] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1- carboxamide

[0295] To a solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (80 mg, 0.31 mmol), 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (57.38 mg, 0.398 mmol), NMI (76.35 mg, 0.93 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TCFH (173.96 mg, 0.62 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (55.9 mg, 0.14 mmol) as a yellow solid. (Yield 46.59 %).

[0296] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 388.5 [M + H]+.

[0297] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.45-12.40 (m, 1H), 8.026 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.41 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.88 (m, 0.67H), 3.83-3.81 (m, 0.39H), 3.53(m, 4H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.16- 3.12 (m, 0.71H), 3.00-2.96 (m, 0.35H), 2.23-1.98 (m, 0.36H), 1.89-1.86 (m, 1.59H), 1.84-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.52 (m, 6H).

[0298] Example 3: Referring to FIG.3, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0809) is described below.

[0299] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)methanone

[0300] A mixture of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), 2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane (200.2 mg, 1.58 mmol), NMI (253.6 mg, 3.09 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) for addition of the TCFH (577.9 mg, 2.06 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 60oC. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol = 20:1) to get (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)methanone (180.0 mg, 0.59 mmol) (Yield 57.3 %) as a pale yellow solid.

[0301] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 304.1 [M + H]+

[0302] N-(6-(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamideReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0303] A mixture of 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (43.2 mg, 0.30 mmol), (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)methanone (90 mg, 0.30 mmol), NMI 73.1 mg, 0.89 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL) for addition of TCFH (166.2 mg, 0.59 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by HPLC to get N-(6-(2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (21.6 mg, 0.05 mmol) as a white solid. (Yield 16.8 %)

[0304] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 430.6 [M + H]+DMSO-d6) δ 12.52-12.36 (m, 1H), 8.25-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.69 (m, 3.76(m, 2H), 3.75-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.51-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.41 (m,, , (m, 1H), 2.26-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.76 (m, 6H), 1.75-1.62 (m, 2H).

[0306] Example 4: Referring to FIG.4, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0810) is described below.

[0307] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(morpholino)methanone

[0308] A mixture of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), morpholine (448.4 mg, 5.15 mmol), NMI (253.6 mg, 3.09 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) for addition of TCFH (577.9 mg, 2.06 mmol) in a single portion. The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 60oC. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol = 20:1) to get (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(morpholino) methanone (270.1 mg, 1.03 mmol) as a pale yellow solid. (Yield 99.6 %). LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 264.1 [M + H]+

[0309] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1- carboxamide

[0310] A mixture of 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (48.9 mg, 0.34 mmol), (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(morpholino)methanone (90 mg, 0.34 mmol), NMI (84.2 mg, 1.03 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL) for addition of TCFH (191.6 mg, 0.68 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. After quenching theReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (5.1 mg, 0.01 mmol) (Yield 3.8 %) as a white solid.

[0311] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 390.5 [M + H]+

[0312] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.57 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.49- 7.47 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.43-3.39 (m, 4H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 6H).

[0313] Example 5: Referring to FIG. 5, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0818) is described below.

[0314] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone

[0315] A solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (400 mg, 2.06 mmol), pyrrolidine (733.19 mg, 10.31mmol), NMI (507.38 mg, 6.18 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added TCFH (866.99 mg, 3.07mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol = 20:1) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6- yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl) methanone (219.1 mg, 0.89 mmol) (Yield 43.03 %) as a yellow solid.

[0316] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1] pentane-1- carboxamide

[0317] To a solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (100 mg, 0.40 mmol), 3-methoxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylic acid (68.99 mg, 0.486 mmol), NMI (99.7 mg, 1.21mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TCFH (227.16 mg, 0.81 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo [1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxamide (53.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) as a white solid. (Yield 35.87 %).

[0318] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 371.9 [M + H]+.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0319] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.57 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.19 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.58 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.25(s, 6H), 1.90-1.82 (m, 4H).

[0320] Example 6: Referring to FIG. 6, a procedure for synthesizing 3-isopropoxy-N-(6- (piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0846) is described below.

[0321] ethyl 3-isopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0322] A solution of ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (3.0 g, 18.99 mmol), in THF (10 mL) was added sodium hydride (1.52 g, 37.98 mmol) at 0oC, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 40 min at this temperature. 2-bromopropane (2.07 g, 22.77 mmol) was then added to above solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with saturated ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get ethyl 3-isopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (1.59 g, 7.98 mmol) (Yield 42.06 %) as a yellow oil.

[0323] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 201.1 [M + H]+.

[0324] 3-isopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid

[0325] A solution of ethyl 3-isopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (1.59 g, 7.98 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (954.2 mg, 23.85 mmol) and water (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was adjusted pH to 3~4 with 1N HCl and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get 3-isopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.11 g, 6.47 mmol) as a yellow oil. (Yield 81.02 %)

[0326] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 173.3 (M + H)+.

[0327] 3-isopropoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1- carboxamide

[0328] A solution of 3-isopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.58 mmol), (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (150.88 mg, 0.58 mmol), HBTU (329.73 mg, 0.87 mmol) and DIPEA (224.46 mg, 1.74 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brineReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-isopropoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (76.5 mg, 0.18 mmol) (Yield 31.74 %) as a yellow solid.

[0329] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 416.5 [M + H]+.

[0330] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.43-12.38 (m, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.41 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.10 (m, 0.66H), 4.03-4.00 (m, 0.48H), 3.61-3.42 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.15 (m, 0.69H), 2.98-2.95 (m, 0.43H), 2.03-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.77 (m, 6H), 1.75-1.52 (m, 6H), 1.09-1.05 (m, 6H).

[0331] Example 7: Referring to FIG. 7, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0781) is described below.

[0332] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(morpholino)methanone

[0333] A mixture of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), morpholine (448.4 mg, 5.15 mmol), NMI (253.6 mg, 3.09 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) for addition of the TFCH (577.9 mg, 2.06 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 60oC. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20: 1) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6- yl)(morpholino)methanone (270.1 mg, 1.03 mmol) (Yield 99.6 %) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 264.1 [M + H]+

[0334] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1- carboxamide

[0335] A mixture of 3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (44.5 mg, 0.34 mmol), (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(morpholino)methanone (90 mg, 0.34 mmol), NMI (84.2 mg, 1.03 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL) for addition of TFCH (191.6 mg, 0.68 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (6.3 mg, 0.02 mmol) (Yield 5.9 %) as a white solid.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0336] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 376.5 [M + H]+

[0337] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.45 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.52- 7.44 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.78(m, 1H), 3.49-3.01 (m, 4H), 2.99-2.85 (m, 4H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.21-1.96 (m, 2H).

[0338] Example 8: Referring to FIG. 8, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0798) is described below.

[0339] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone

[0340] To a solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (400 mg, 2.06 mmol), pyrrolidine (733.19 mg, 10.31mmol), NMI (507.38 mg, 6.18 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added TFCH (866.99 mg, 3.09 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20:1) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6- yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (202.6 mg, 0.82 mmol) (Yield 39.69 %) as a yellow solid.

[0341] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1- carboxamide

[0342] To a solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (100 mg, 0.40 mmol), 3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (63.15 mg, 0.486 mmol), NMI (98.52 mg, 1.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TFCH (224.46 mg, 0.80 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carboxamide (9.1 mg, 0.025 mmol) (Yield 6.36 %) as a yellow solid.

[0343] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 360.4 [M + H]+.

[0344] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.45-12.43 (m, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.58 (m, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (m, 0.3H), 3.85-3.81 (m, 0.7H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 4H), 3.33-3.31 (m, 0.3H), 3.15-3.14 (m, 3H), 2.96-2.89 (m, 0.7H), 2.45-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.05 (m, 0.5H), 2.03-1.90 (m, 1.5H), 1.88-1.82 (m, 4H).Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0345] Example 9: Referring to FIG. 9, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(-3-oxa-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0797) is described below.

[0346] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(-3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone A solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), (1R,5S)-3-oxa-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (308.22 mg, 2.06 mmol), NMI (253.69 mg, 3.09 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TFCH (561.16 mg, 2.06 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20:1) to get (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)((1R,5S)-3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone (300 mg, 1.03 mmol) (Yield 89.32 %) as a yellow solid.

[0347] N-(6-((1R,5S)-3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxamide

[0348] To a solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)((1R,5S)-3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octan- 8-yl)methanone (150 mg, 0.519 mmol), 3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (101.14 mg, 0.778 mmol), NMI (130.949 mg, 1.595 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TFCH (291.24 mg, 1.038 mmol) .The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to get N-(6-((1R,5S)-3- oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclobutane-1- carboxamide (19.2 mg, 0.048 mmol) (Yield 9.23 %) as a yellow solid.

[0349] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 402.4 [M + H]+.

[0350] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.46-12.44 (m, 1H), 8.19-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.55 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.01 (m, 0.37H), 3.85-3.82 (m, 0.67H), 3.69-3.63 (m, 6H), 3.35-3.31 (m, 0.23H), 3.15-3.14 (m, 3H), 2.96-2.92 (m, 0.75H), 2.50-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.18 (m, 0.39H), 2.10-2.03 (m, 1.69H), 1.89 (s, 4H).

[0351] Example 10: Referring to FIG. 10, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxamide (RGN0790) is described below.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0352] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)methanone

[0353] A mixture of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), 2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane (200.2 mg, 1.58 mmol), NMI (253.6 mg, 3.09 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) for addition of TFCH (577.9 mg, 2.06 mmol) in a single portion. The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 60oC. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20:1) to get (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)methanone (180.0 mg, 0.59 mmol) (Yield 57.3 %) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 304.1 [M + H]+

[0354] N-(6-(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxamide

[0355] A mixture of 3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (38.6 mg, 0.30 mmol), (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)methanone (90 mg, 0.30 mmol), NMI (73.1 mg, 0.89 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL) for addition of TFCH (166.2 mg, 0.59 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. After quenching the reaction, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to get N-(6-(2-oxa-7- azaspiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclobutane-1-carboxamide (21.6 mg, 0.05 mmol) (Yield 17.3 %) as a white solid.

[0356] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 416.6 [M + H]+

[0357] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.45 (s, 1H), 8.29-8.15 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.49 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.76(m, 2H), 3.75-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 3.00-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.99- 1.75 (m, 4H).

[0358] Example 11: Referring to FIG. 11, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0795) is described below.

[0359] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone

[0360] A solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (400 mg, 2.06 mmol), pyrrolidine (733.19 mg, 10.31mmol), NMI (507.38 mg, 6.18 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) wasReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 added TFCH (866.99 mg, 3.09 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20:1) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (202.6 mg, 0.82 mmol) (Yield 39.69 %) as a yellow solid.

[0361] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1- carboxamide

[0362] To a solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (100 mg, 0.40 mmol), 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (69.98 mg, 0.486 mmol), NMI (98.52 mg, 1.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added TFCH (224.46 mg, 0.80 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (13.9 mg, 0.037 mmol) (Yield 9.33 %) as a yellow solid.

[0363] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 374.4 [M + H]+.

[0364] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.46-12.40 (m, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.57 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.89 (m, 0.64H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 0.32H), 3.49-3.45(m, 4H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 2.98-2.96 (m, 0.62H), 2.51-2.50 (m, 0.33H), 2.23-2.20 (m, 0.35H), 2.05-1.98 (m, 1.56H), 1.88- 1.85 (m, 6H), 1.83-1.71 (m, 2H).

[0365] Example 12: Referring to FIG. 12, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-((1R,5S)-3-oxa-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1- carboxamide (RGN0787) is described below.

[0366] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(-3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone A solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), 3-oxa-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (308.22 mg, 2.06 mmol), NMI (253.69 mg, 3.09 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added TFCH (561.16 mg, 2.06 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20: 1) to get (2-Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone (300 mg, 1.04 mmol) (Yield 89.32 %) as a yellow solid.

[0367] N-(6-(3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide

[0368] To a solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)((1R,5S)-3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octan- 8-yl)methanone (150 mg, 0.519 mmol), 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (112.032 mg, 0.778 mmol), NMI (130.949 mg, 1.595 mmol) in acetonitrile (6 mL) was added TFCH (291.24 mg, 1.038 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to get N-(6- ((1R,5S)-3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (69.7 mg, 0.17 mmol) (Yield 32.42 %) as a yellow solid.

[0369] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 416.5 [M + H]+.

[0370] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.50-12.43 (m, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.55 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.89 (m, 0.70H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 0.34H), 3.69-3.60(m, 6H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.14 (m, 0.76H), 3.02-2.98 (m, 0.28H), 2.24-2.20 (m, 0.37H), 2.05-2.02 (m, 1.69H), 1.99 (m, 6H), 1.89-1.71 (m, 2H).

[0371] Example 13: Referring to FIG. 13, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0791) is described below.

[0372] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(morpholino)methanone

[0373] A mixture of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.03 mmol), morpholine (448.4 mg, 5.15 mmol), NMI (253.6 mg, 3.09 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) for addition of TFCH (577.9 mg, 2.06 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 60oC. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 20:1) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6- yl)(morpholino) methanone (270.1 mg, 1.03 mmol) (Yield 99.6 %) as a pale yellow solid.

[0374] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 264.1 [M + H]+Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0375] 3-Methoxy-N-(6-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1] pentane-1- carboxamide

[0376] A mixture of 3-methoxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylic acid (48.3 mg, 0.34 mmol), (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(morpholino)methanone (90 mg, 0.34 mmol), NMI (84.2 mg, 1.03 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL) for addition of TFCH (191.6 mg, 0.68 mmol) in a single portion. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxamide (9.9 mg, 0.03 mmol) (Yield 7.5 %) as a white solid.

[0377] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 388.5 [M + H]+

[0378] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.57 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.52- 7.44 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.32 (m, 4H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 6H).

[0379] Example 14: Referring to FIG.14, a procedure for synthesizing 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)- N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0845) is described below.

[0380] Ethyl 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)cyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0381] A solution of ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (3.0 g, 18.99 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added sodium hydride (1.52 g, 37.98 mmol) at 0oC, and the resulting mixture stirred for 40 min. Cyclopropyl methyl bromide (3.06 g, 22.77 mmol) was then added to above solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get ethyl 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)cyclopentane-1-carboxylate (1.68 g, 7.91 mmol) (Yield 41.69 %) as a yellow oil.

[0382] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 213.3 [M + H]+.

[0383] 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid

[0384] A solution of ethyl 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)cyclopentane-1-carboxylate (1.68 g, 7.91 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (944.73 mg, 23.62 mmol) and water (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then adjusted pH to 3-4 with 1N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combinedReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy) cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.33 g, 7.22 mmol) (Yield 91.09 %) as a yellow oil.

[0385] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 185.2 [M + H]+.

[0386] 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide

[0387] A solution of 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (84.59 mg, 0.46 mmol), (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (100 mg, 0.38 mmol), Hexafluorophosphate benzotriazole tetramethyl uronium (288.04 mg, 0.76 mmol) and N,N- diisopropylethyl amine (147.06 mg, 1.14 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (25.2 mg, 0.06 mmol) (Yield 15.56 %) as a yellow solid.

[0388] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 428.4 [M + H]+

[0389] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.43-12.38 (m, 1H), 8.03-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.41 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.00 (m, 0.72H), 3.95-3.92 (m, 0.36H), 3.37 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.14 (m, 0.72H), 2.99-2.95 (m, 0.38H), 2.02-1.72 (m, 6H), 1.63-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.52 (s, 4H), 0.99-0.96 (m, 1H), 0.47-0.42 (m, 2H), 0.16-0.14 (m, 2H).

[0390] Example 15: Referring to FIG. 15, a procedure for synthesizing 3-cyclopropoxy-N-(6- (piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0835) is described below.

[0391] Ethyl 3-(vinyloxy)cyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0392] A solution of ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (3.0 g, 18.99 mmol) in 1- (vinyloxy)butane (26.36 g, 263.16 mmol) was added triethyl amine (960.80 mg, 9.49 mmol) under nitrogen atmosphere. Bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (315.6 mg, 0.95 mmol) and palladium acetate (213.06 mg, 0.95 mmol) were added to above solution. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 80oC for 24 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get ethyl 3-(vinyloxy)cyclopentane-1- carboxylate (731.3 mg, 3.97 mmol) (Yield 20.91 %) as a yellow solid.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0393] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 185.3 [M + H]+.

[0394] Ethyl 3-cyclopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0395] A solution of ethyl 3-(vinyloxy)cyclopentane-1-carboxylate (731.3 mg, 3.97 mmol), in dichloroethane (10 mL) was added chloroiodomethane (2.52 g, 14.31 mmol) and Diethylzinc (1.16 g, 9.45 mmol) at 0oC in turn under nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was stirred at 0oC for 12 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL x 3). The organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get ethyl 3-cyclopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (601 mg, 3.03 mmol) (Yield 76.39 %) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 199.4 [M + H]+.

[0396] 3-cyclopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid

[0397] A solution of ethyl 3-cyclopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (400 mg, 2.02 mmol), in methanol (60 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (242.42 mg, 6.06 mmol) and water (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then adjusted pH to 3-4 with 1N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get 3-cyclopropoxycyclo pentane-1-carboxylic acid (227.0 mg, 1.34 mmol) (Yield 66.18 %) as a yellow oil.

[0398] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 171.2 [M + H]+.

[0399] 3-cyclopropoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1- carboxamide

[0400] A solution of 3-cyclopropoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (70 mg, 0.41 mmol), (2- aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (107.47 mg, 0.41 mmol), Hexafluorophosphate benzotriazole tetramethyl uronium (310.78 mg, 0.82 mmol) and N,N- diisopropylethyl amine (158.67 mg, 1.23 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-cyclopropoxy-N-(6-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (25.1 mg, 0.06 mmol) (Yield 14.81 %) as a white solid.

[0401] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 414.5 [M + H]+.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0402] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.45-12.40 (m, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.41 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.24 (m, 4H), 3.03-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.74 (m, 6H), 1.62-1.52 (m, 6H), 0.46-0.41 (m, 4H).

[0403] Example 16: Referring to FIG.16, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0858) is described below.

[0404] Ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0405] A solution of ethyl 3-oxocyclopentane-1-carboxylate (10.0 g, 64.03 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was stirred at 0oC under N2 atmosphere, then sodium borohydride (4.46 g, 128.06 mmol) was added to above solution slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with saturated ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get ethyl 3- hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (7.0 g, 44.25 mmol) (Yield 69.10 %) as a yellow oil.

[0406] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 159.2 [M + H]+.

[0407] Ethyl 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0408] A solution of ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (7.0 g, 44.25 mmol), in DMF (100 mL) was stirred at 0oC under N2atmosphere, then sodium hydride (3.19 g, 132.75 mmol) was added to above solution slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hours, then methyl iodide (6.28 g, 44.25 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After quenching the reaction with saturated ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get ethyl 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (5.4 g, 31.36 mmol) (Yield 71.05 %) as a yellow oil.

[0409] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 173.2 [M + H]+.

[0410] 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid

[0411] A solution of ethyl 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (5.4 g, 31.36 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (2.25 g, 94.08 mmol) and water (25 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After which period, the reaction mixture was adjusted pH to 3-4 with 1N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filteredReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 and concentrated to get 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 17.34 mmol) (Yield 55.56 %) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 145.2 [M + H]+.

[0412] N-(6-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide

[0413] A solution of 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 17.34 mmol), 6- bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (3.97 g, 17.34 mmol) and NMI (4.27 g, 52.02 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added TFCH (9.73 g, 34.68 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate = 3:1) to get N-(6- bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxy cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (1.1 g, 3.10 mmol) (Yield 18.03 %) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 356.3 [M + H]+.

[0414] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide

[0415] A solution of N-(6-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (1.1 g, 3.10 mmol), 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-octamethyl-2,2'-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (1.18 g, 4.65 mmol) and potassium acetate (912.7 mg, 9.3 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl2(226.61 mg, 0.31 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 90oC for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate = 3:1) to get 3-methoxy-N-(6- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (500 mg, 1.24 mmol) (Yield 40.10 %) as a yellow solid.

[0416] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 403.3 [M + H]+.

[0417] 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide

[0418] A solution of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.25 mmol), 2-bromopyrimidine (79.14 mg, 0.50 mmol) and potassium carbonate (103.09 mg, 0.75 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added Pd-118 (16.21 mg, 0.025 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70oC for 12 hours under N2atmosphere. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried overReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (53.8 mg, 0.15 mmol) (Yield 61.14 %) as a yellow solid.

[0419] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 355.4 [M + H]+.

[0420] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.52-12.47 (m, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.92-8.91 (m, 2H), 8.50-8.48 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.43 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.89 (m, 0.67H), 3.84-3.81 (m, 0.34H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.14 (m, 0.65H), 3.03-2.99 (m, 0.32H), 2.23-1.72 (m, 6H).

[0421] Example 17: Referring to FIG.17, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(5-chloropyrimidin- 2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0820) is described below.

[0422] A solution of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.25 mmol), 2-bromo-5- chloropyrimidine (95.95 mg, 0.50 mmol) and potassium carbonate (103.09 mg, 0.75 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added Pd-118 (16.21 mg, 0.025 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70oC for 12 hours under N2atmosphere. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get N-(6-(5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1- carboxamide (7.1 mg, 0.02 mmol) (Yield 7.29 %) as a yellow solid.

[0423] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 389.2 [M + H]+.

[0424] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.57-12.42 (m, 1H), 9.01 (s, 2H), 8.97-8.94 (m, 1H), 8.47-8.41 (m, 1H), 7.87-7.81 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.10-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.26- 1.60 (m, 6H).

[0425] Example 18: Referring to FIG. 18, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-2- yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0847) is described below.

[0426] A solution of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.25 mmol), 2-bromo-5- chloropyrimidine (95.95 mg, 0.50 mmol) and potassium carbonate (103.09 mg, 0.75 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added Pd-118 (16.21 mg, 0.025 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70oC for 12 hours under N2atmosphere. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washedReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to get N-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)-3-methoxycyclo pentane-1-carboxamide (18.4 mg, 0.02 mmol) (Yield 19.83%) as a yellow solid.

[0427] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 372.2 [M + H]+.

[0428] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.57-12.37 (m, 1H), 8.72-8.58 (m, 2H), 8.19-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.89-7.78 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.18-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.26-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.62 (m, 4H).

[0429] Example 19: Referring to FIG.19, a procedure for synthesizing 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyridin- 2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0857) is described below.

[0430] A solution of 3-methoxy-N-(6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.25 mmol), 2-bromopyridine (78.61 mg, 0.50 mmol) and potassium carbonate (103.09 mg, 0.75 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added Pd-118 (16.21 mg, 0.025 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70°C for 12 hours under N atmosphere. After quenching the reaction with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get 3-methoxy-N-(6-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide (44.2 mg, 0.13 mmol) (Yield 50.8 %) as a yellow solid.

[0431] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 354.2 [M + H]+.

[0432] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.63 (s, 1H), 8.85-8.77 (m, 2H), 8.50-8.40 (m, 2H), 7.95-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.79 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.90 (m, 0.62H), 3.84-3.82 (m, 0.35H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.17-3.15 (m, 0.58H), 3.04-3.02 (m, 0.36H), 2.24-1.73 (m, 6H).

[0433] Example 20: Referring to FIG.20, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(3-fluoropiperidine- 1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0886) is described below.

[0434] To a solution of 2-(3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamido)benzo[d]thiazole-6- carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.31 mmol), 3-fluoropiperidine (40 mg, 0.34 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (85 mg, 0.63 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (2 mL) was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI) (1200mg, 0.63 mmol) and stirred at 25oC for overnight. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL x 3). The organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered andReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 concentrated. The crude product was purified by HPLC to get N-(6-(3-fluoropiperidine-1- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (21.2 mg, 0.05mmol) (Yield 16.9%).

[0435] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 406.2 (M + H)+.

[0436] 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.48-12.43 (m, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.41 (m, 1H), 4.82-4.70 (m,, 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.31 (m, 3H), 3.19-3.14 (m, 0.6H), 3.00-2.96 (m, 0.4H), 2.00-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.89-1.71 (m, 4H).

[0437] Example 21: Referring to FIG. 21, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(2- azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0888) is described below.

[0438] A solution of 2-(3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamido)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (120 mg, 0.38 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane (106.6 mg, 0.38 mmol), HOBt (55.74 mg, 0.41 mmol) and EDCI (93.5 mg, 0.49 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by HPLC to afford N-(6-(2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (23.8 mg, 15.68 %) as a white solid.

[0439] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 400.4 (M + H)+.

[0440] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.52-12.47 (m, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.67 (m, 2H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.12 (m, 0.5H), 3.01-2.97 (s, 0.5H), 2.18-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.73 (m, 6H).

[0441] Example 22: Referring to FIG. 22, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(3- azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1- carboxamide (RGN0899) is described below.

[0442] A solution of 2-(3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamido)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (239.5 mg, 0.75 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (100 mg, 0.75 mmol), HOBt (111.5 mg, 0.83 mmol) and EDCI (186.9 mg, 0.98 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by HPLC to afford N-(6-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (83.8 mg, 27.97 %) as a white solid.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0443] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 400.4 (M + H)+.

[0444] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.47-12.42 (m, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.48 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.88 (m, 0.5H), 3.83-3.80 (m, 0.5H), 3.76-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.12 (m, 0.5H), 3.01-2.97 (m, 0.5H), 2.35-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.38-1.36 (m, 2H).

[0445] Example 23: Referring to FIG.23, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(4-fluoropiperidine- 1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0900) is described below.

[0446] A solution of 2-(3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamido)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (50.0 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added 4-fluoropiperidine (28.1 mg, 0.16 mmol), hexafluorophosphate benzotriazole tetramethyl uronium (HBTU) (76.9 mg, 0.20 mmol) and N,N- diisopropylethyl amine (DIPEA) (80.5 mg, 0.62 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After quenching the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by HPLC to afford N-(6-(4-fluoropiperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (39.4 mg, 60.74 %) as a white solid.

[0447] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 406.4 (M + H)+. DMSO-d6) δ 12.49-12.43 (m, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.75 (m, 1H),4.71 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.81 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.16- 3.12 (m, 0.5H), 3.01-2.96 (m, 0.5H), 2.24-1.84 (m, 6H), 1.75-1.54 (m, 4H).

[0449] Example 24: Referring to FIG. 24, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(3,3- difluoropiperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0946) is described below.

[0450] Ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0451] To the solution of ethyl 3-oxocyclopentane-1-carboxylate (5.0 g, 32.03 mmol), in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added sodium borohydride (2.4 g, 64.07 mmol) at 0oC. After stirring at room temperature for 3 h, quenched with 6 M HCl (20 mL). Then the mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluted with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5:1) to get ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (2.5 g, 15.81 mmol) (Yield 51.1%).

[0452] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 159.2 (M + H)+.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0453] Ethyl 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate

[0454] To the solution of ethyl 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (2.5 g, 15.81 mmol) in dry DMF (25 mL) added sodium hydride (950 mg, 23.72 mmol) at 0°C, and the resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min. Then, methyl iodide (2.69 g, 18.98 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, the mixture was poured into ice water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluted with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate = 5:1) to get ethyl 3- methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylate (800 mg, 4.65 mmol) (Yield 29.4%).

[0455] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 173.1 (M + H)+.

[0456] 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid

[0457] To the solution of 2 (800 mg, 4.7 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added aqueous LiOH (2.0 g, 47.0 mmol), water (10 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Then, the solution was acidified with HCl (1 N) to pH~7 and extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL x 2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to get 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (400 mg, 2.8 mmol) (Yield 59.2%).

[0458] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.05 (s, 1H), 3.87 – 3.66 (m, 1H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.81 – 2.58 (m, 1H), 1.96 – 1.51 (m, 6H)

[0459] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)methanone

[0460] To the solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), 3,3- difluoropiperidine (133.1mg, 1.1 mmol), HATU (470.1mg, 1.2mmol), DIPEA (387.0 mg, 3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, The residue was purified by column chromatography (acetonitrile:water = 0%~70%) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)methanone (150 mg, 0.5 mmol) (Yield 50.5 %). LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 298.1 (M + H)+.

[0461] N-(6-(3,3-difluoropiperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane- 1-carboxamide

[0462] To the solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)methanone (60.0 mg, 0.20 mmol), 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (35 mg, 0.24 mmol), HATU (115.1 mg, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (224.5 mg, 1.76 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The resulting mixture wasReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 stirred at room temperature for 19 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, The residue was purified by HPLC to get N-(6-(3,3-difluoropiperidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide(2.1 mg, 0.005 mmol) (Yield 2.5 %).

[0463] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 424.1 (M + H)+.

[0464] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.49-12.44 (m, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.44 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 4H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.18 – 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.17 – 1.68 (m, 10H)

[0465] Example 25: Referring to FIG. 25, a procedure for synthesizing N-(6-(1,1-difluoro-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (RGN0958) is described below.

[0466] (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(1,1-difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)methanone

[0467] To the solution of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (200.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1- difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane (140.0mg, 1.1 mmol), HATU (570.0mg, 1.5mmol), DIEA (387.0 mg, 3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, The residue was purified by column chromatography (acetonitrile:water = 0%-78%) to get (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(1,1-difluoro-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)methanone (120 mg, 0.39 mmol) (Yield 38.8 %).

[0468] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 310.1 (M + H)+.

[0469] N-(6-(1,1-difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3- methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide

[0470] To the solution of (2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(1,1-difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4] heptan-5- yl)methanone (50.0 mg, 0.16 mmol), 3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (25 mg, 0.17 mmol), HATU (115.1 mg, 0.32 mmol), DIEA (103.2 mg, 0.80 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The residue was purified by HPLC to get N-(6-(1,1-difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxycyclopentane-1-carboxamide (18.0 mg, 25.85 %) as a white solid.

[0471] LC-MS (ESI+): m / z 436.0 (M + H)+.

[0472] 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.13 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.01 – 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.84 (d, J = 12.6 Hz, 1H), 3.81 – 3.61 (m, 3H), 3.34 – 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.22 – 2.99 (m, 1H), 2.24 – 1.79 (m, 8H), 1.64 – 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.33 (dtd, J = 14.9, 6.7, 3.8 Hz, 1H).Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025

[0473] Example 26: Cellular toxicity of selected compounds against cancer cell lines after 72 hr treatment is shown in TABLE 6.

[0474] TABLE 6 Compound U87 LN18 U118 (72 hours EC50- (72 hours EC50- (72 hours EC50-Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 Compound U87 LN18 U118 (72 hours EC50 - (72 hours EC50 - (72 hours EC50 -Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 Compound U87 LN18 U118 (72 hours EC50 - (72 hours EC50 - (72 hours EC50 -

[0475] Example 27: Kinetic solubility, and cellular permeability values for selected compounds are shown in TABLE 6.

[0476] TABLE 6 Compound CNS MPO Kinetic Solubility Cellular EffluxReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 RGN0886 4.9 107.5 -- -- RGN0899 4.6 76.7 24.1 1.15nds is shown in TABLE 7.

[0478] TABLE 7 Compound Mouse Rat Human RGN0886 623 406 113

[0479] As usedreferenced number.

[0480] Although there has been shown and described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made thereto which do not exceed the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the invention is only to be limited by the following claims. In some embodiments, the figures presented in this patent application are drawn to scale, including the angles, ratios of dimensions, etc. In some embodiments, the figures are representative only and the claims are not limited by the dimensions of the figures. In some embodiments, descriptions of the inventions described herein using the phrase “comprising” includes embodiments that could be described as “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of”, and as such the written description requirement for claiming one or more embodiments of the present invention using the phrase “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of” is met.

Claims

Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A compound according to formula 1A:(formula 1A); or an unsubstituted or substitutedaryl or heteroaryl, and m is 0 or 1;wherein B is a -F, -O-, or -S-, wherein n is 0 or 1, and j is 1 or 2, wherein if B is F, then m is 0; wherein L1 is -COS-, -COO-, -CONH-, -SO2NH-, or -NHCO-, wherein p is 1 or 2;wherein L2 is alkyl, wherein q is 0 or 1; wherein D is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-membered unsubstituted or substituted cyclic or bicyclic moiety; wherein E is -H or -CH3; wherein L3 is -H, -O-, -CO- or a direct bond;wherein G is –Vz–W, wherein V is an alkyl, wherein z is 0 or 1, and wherein W is -H, -OHor a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl, cyclic, bicyclic, spirocyclic, heteroaryl, or a heterocyclic moiety, wherein r is 0 or 1, wherein if r is 0, L3 is H.

2. A compound according to formula 1B:(formula 1B);an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and m is 0 or 1;wherein B is a -F, -O-, or -S-, wherein n is 0 or 1, and j is 1 or 2, wherein if B is F, then m is 0; wherein L2 is alkyl, wherein q is 0 or 1; wherein D is a 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered unsubstituted or substituted cyclic or bicyclic moiety; wherein E is -H or -CH3; wherein L3 is -H, -O-, -CO- or a direct bond;Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 wherein G is –Vz–W, wherein V is an alkyl, wherein z is 0 or 1, and wherein W is -H, -OH or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl, cyclic, bicyclic, spirocyclic,heteroaryl, or a heterocyclic moiety, wherein r is 0 or 1, wherein if r is 0, L3 is H.

3. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is an analog, isomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein A is -CH3, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl.

5. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein V is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-.

6. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein W is substituted with one or more of an alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylsulfo, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocyclic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio, or heterocyclic alkylthio.

7. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein is:

8. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein W is:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N NN NNN NN N F2),R1 ,a cycloalkyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and m is 0 or 1;wherein B is a -F, -O-, or -S-, wherein n is 0 or 1, and j is 1 or 2, wherein if B is F, then m is 0; wherein L2 is alkyl, wherein q is 0 or 1; wherein D is a 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered unsubstituted or substituted cyclic or bicyclic moiety;Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 wherein R2is –Vz–W, wherein V is an alkyl, wherein z is 0 or 1, and wherein W is -H, - OH, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl cyclic, bicyclic, spirocyclic, heteroaryl, or a heterocyclic moiety; and wherein R3is -H or -CH3.

10. The compound of claim 9, wherein R1is: O O.N N N OHReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N N N N N N N F orN NN FN NN N NNF.wherein R2is:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N NN N N N NN N N OH15. A compound according to formula 3:CN16. A compound according to formula 4:Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 202517. A compound according to formula 5:N HN .N N N HN HN HN OReference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 N N N HN HN HN S N O S OSN ONOinneed thereof, the method comprising the steps of administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of a compound according to any one of claims 1-18.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the subject is a human or a non-human animal.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the health condition comprises one or more cancers.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the health condition is brain cancer, breast cancer, skincancer, metastatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, bone sarcoma, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, blood cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, medulloblastoma, or any combination thereof.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the health condition is brain cancer or a cancer capableof metastasizing to the brain, glioblastoma, high grade glioma, non-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before or after metastasizing to the brain, Ewing sarcoma, melanoma, a vascularized cancer, or any combination thereof.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the health condition is a non-neoplastic condition, gout,familial Mediterranean fever, nail fungus, vascular disease, or any combination thereof.

25. The method of claim 19, further comprising administration of one or more of an anti-microbial agents, a chemotherapeutic agent, other anti-cancer therapy, or antibody or fragment thereof.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the anti-microbial agent comprises one or more of ananti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial agent or other anti-microbial agents.Reference No.: REGL 24.01 PCT Inventor’s last name: Gokhale, et al. Document Date: July 2, 2025 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the anti-bacterial agent comprises one or more of doxycycline or tetracycline.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent comprises one or more of temozolomide, lomustine, belzutifan, cisplatin, carboplatin, nedaplatin, triplatin tetranitrate, phenanthriplatin, picoplatin, satraplatin, Doxorubicin, Melphalan, Roscovitine, Mitomycin C, Hydroxyurea, 5-Fluorouracil, AraC (cytarabine), 6-mercaptopurine, 6- thioguanine, Cisplatin, Ara-C, Etoposide, Gemcitabine, Bortezomib, Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Sodium Valproate, a HDAC Inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, or Dacarbazine, FLT3 inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors, P-glycoprotein modulators, hypomethylating agents, or any combination thereof.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein the anti-cancer therapy comprises one or more of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and / or surgery.

30. The method of claim 19, wherein the compound is effective for preventing cancer cells from dividing, inhibiting tubulin polymerization, destabilizing microtubules, or any combination thereof.

31. The method of claim 19, wherein administration comprises intravenous injection, oral administration, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intrasternal injection, intrathecal administration, intratumoral, intravascular, intracerebral injection, intracisternal, intracerebroventricular, intranasal or inhalation, parenteral, buccal, enteral, intraperitoneal, inhalable, infused, intramuscular, ophthalmic, intravitreal, otic, rectal, sublingual, topical, transdermal, intrapulmonary, intrauterine, vaginal, via ultrasound- mediated blood brain barrier disruption, implantable devices, infusion techniques, or nanoparticle-based delivery.

32. The method of claim 19, wherein the compound is in the form of a tablet or pill.

33. The method of claim 19, wherein the compound is administered at least once daily, every other day, every third day, twice weekly, weekly, every other week, twice monthly or monthly, every other month, every six months, or other suitable dosing regimen.

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