Method and apparatus for testing electromagnetic compatibility of traction battery using metal thin films

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a method and apparatus for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of a traction battery using metal thin films. The method comprises: first, establishing a first shielding effectiveness model, which is associated with the effect of the materials of metal thin films on the shielding performance and the effect of the number of layers of metal thin films on the shielding performance; then, by means of fabricating a plurality of samples and performing measurements on the shielding effectiveness thereof, validating and adjusting the model, so as to form a more accurate second shielding effectiveness model; and finally, applying the model to electronic components of a traction battery, and by means of further testing and validation, establishing a third shielding effectiveness model. The present application can provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility of traction batteries.

Description

A method and apparatus for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of power batteries using thin-film metal.

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN2024111832344, filed on August 27, 2024, entitled "A Method and Apparatus for Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing of Power Batteries Using Metal Thin Films", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of battery testing, and in particular to a method and apparatus for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of power batteries using a thin metal film. Background Technology

[0004] With the rapid popularization of electric vehicles, consumers and automakers are paying increasing attention to battery safety. Power batteries are not only the main power source and core component of electric vehicles, but also a major technological barrier to their rapid development. Lithium-ion batteries, with their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness, are widely used in mobile phones, electric vehicles, power banks, and many other fields.

[0005] Electromagnetic radiation poses a significant threat to information security in the field of electric vehicle power battery technology, as it directly impacts the accuracy of testing and data analysis during battery use. Therefore, finding methods to reduce radiation associated with the operation of electronic devices is a pressing technical challenge. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of power battery packs involves a series of tests to ensure that the electric vehicle power battery system does not generate or experience electromagnetic interference during normal use and operation in external electromagnetic environments. These tests are typically conducted by testing laboratories to verify the EMC performance of new energy vehicle power battery packs. However, existing testing methods struggle to achieve seamless management of all batteries throughout their entire lifecycle and do not provide effective guidance for improvements to lithium-ion batteries. Technical issues

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of power batteries using metal thin films, which can achieve seamless management of the entire life cycle of all batteries, thereby studying the causes and mechanisms of battery aging and failure, and thus providing guidance for the fundamental improvement of lithium-ion batteries. Technical solutions

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of a power battery using a thin metal film, the method comprising:

[0008] Construct a first shielding effectiveness model; wherein, the first shielding effectiveness model characterizes the influence of the number of layers of metal thin films of different materials on the shielding effectiveness;

[0009] Multiple samples are made for the first shielding effectiveness model, and the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples is tested. Based on the first test results, the first shielding effectiveness model is determined or corrected to obtain the second shielding effectiveness model.

[0010] The second shielding effectiveness model is tested by applying it to the electronic components of the power battery. Based on the second test results, a third shielding effectiveness model is determined, and the electromagnetic compatibility of the power battery is tested based on the third shielding effectiveness model.

[0011] In one optional implementation, constructing the first shielding effectiveness model includes:

[0012] Construct a single-layer shielding effectiveness model;

[0013] Based on the single-layer shielding effectiveness model, an equivalent circuit of an n-layer structure, field source, and measurement device is constructed through a metal network composed of multiple conductive layers.

[0014] The first shielding effectiveness model is determined based on the equivalent circuit.

[0015] In one optional implementation, the single-layer shielding effectiveness model is as follows:

[0016] ,

[0017] Where k3 represents the single-layer shielding factor, L3 is the shielding inductance coefficient, R3 is the shielding impedance, and w is the magnetic field frequency.

[0018] In one alternative embodiment, each of the plurality of conductive layers includes an inductor L and a resistor R connected in parallel, and the magnetic field is generated by an alternating current I0 of frequency w passing through a coil L0, inducing an electromotive force in a receiving coil L′ without shielding.

[0019] ,

[0020] Where k is the mutual inductance coefficient of the coil, and I1……In represents the current in each shielding layer. The electromotive force appearing in each layer is a system containing n equations.

[0021] ,

[0022] The mutual inductance between the i-th and j-th coils is denoted by Lij.

[0023] In one optional implementation, determining the first shielding effectiveness model based on the equivalent circuit includes:

[0024] The single-layer shielding factor is used as the ratio of the electromotive force induced in the receiving coil under unshielded and shielded conditions.

[0025] ,

[0026] Among them, Uэ is caused by eddies flowing in the shield;

[0027] ,

[0028] achievable

[0029] ,

[0030] The first formula for obtaining the value of the multi-layer shielding factor is:

[0031] ,

[0032] The first formula shows that the resistance of the shielding layer is directly proportional to the specific volume resistivity ρI of the material it is made of, and inversely proportional to the layer thickness di; the inductance is directly proportional to the magnetic permeability μI of the material.

[0033] Represent the first formula as the second formula:

[0034] ,

[0035] Where A is a scaling factor that depends on the shielding geometry;

[0036] The second formula is used as the first shielding effectiveness model.

[0037] In one optional implementation, the step of fabricating multiple samples for the first shielding effectiveness model and testing the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples includes:

[0038] A thin-film shielding coating is prepared by magnetron sputtering and / or vacuum deposition, and the thin-film shielding coating is tested to obtain the characteristics of the thin-film shielding coating; wherein, the thin-film shielding coating uses aluminum and copper as highly conductive materials and iron and nickel as ferromagnetic materials, and the thin-film shielding coating corresponds to a physical and mechanical parameter, which includes surface resistivity, volume resistivity, adhesion, thickness and shielding effectiveness;

[0039] Various 1-n layer thin film shielding coating samples of different materials are prepared and tested respectively to obtain the first test result. The first test result includes at least the frequency dependence of the sample's dispersion structure, particle shape, electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient and transmittance.

[0040] In an optional implementation, the method further includes:

[0041] The shielding factor suitable for the target component is determined based on the electromagnetic compatibility test results of the power battery, and the target metal film is determined based on the shielding factor.

[0042] Secondly, this application provides an electromagnetic compatibility testing device for power batteries using a thin metal film, the device comprising:

[0043] A construction module is used to construct a first shielding effectiveness model; wherein, the first shielding effectiveness model characterizes the influence of the number of layers of metal thin films of different materials on the shielding effectiveness;

[0044] An optimization module is used to create multiple samples for the first shielding effectiveness model, test the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples, and determine or correct the first shielding effectiveness model based on the first test results to obtain a second shielding effectiveness model.

[0045] The testing module is used to test the second shielding effectiveness model by applying it to the electronic components of the power battery, determine the third shielding effectiveness model based on the second test results, and test the electromagnetic compatibility of the power battery based on the third shielding effectiveness model.

[0046] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a storage medium, and a bus, wherein the storage medium stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, and when the electronic device is running, the processor communicates with the storage medium via the bus, and the processor executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a thin metal film as described in any of the first aspects.

[0047] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a metal thin film as described in any one of the first aspects. Beneficial effects

[0048] (1) Improve the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries: By accurately studying the effects of different materials and number of metal thin films on shielding effectiveness, we can guide the improvement of lithium-ion batteries from a mechanistic perspective, significantly improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the battery, and thus increase its service life and safety. This is of great significance for promoting the commercial application of lithium-ion batteries.

[0049] (2) Lightweight and optimized design: Using a transparent metal film as the shielding material not only does not increase the weight and size of the equipment, but also allows for fine processing using photolithography, facilitating design and manufacturing. This method helps to achieve lightweight and optimized design of power batteries and related electronic devices, improving their overall performance.

[0050] (3) Enhancing the scalability of the technology: Thin film shielding coatings are prepared using advanced manufacturing technologies such as magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition, and accurate analytical models are constructed. These technologies and models have broad applicability. They can be applied not only to the field of lithium-ion batteries, but also extended to the analysis of other types of power batteries (such as solid-state batteries), providing strong support for the design and optimization of related fields.

[0051] (4) Promote the formation and application of empirical models: Through repeated experiments and model verification, empirical analysis models on the shielding performance of metal thin films can be gradually built. These models will become important tools for the design, optimization and performance evaluation of power batteries, and will help improve product reliability and market competitiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0053] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps S101 to S103 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps S201 to S203 provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 4 is a T(λ) relationship diagram of the nickel film dispersed on the glass substrate provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 5 is a graph showing the R(λ) relationship of the nickel film dispersed on the glass substrate provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0058] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic compatibility testing device for power batteries using metal thin films provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0059] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiment of this application. Embodiments of the present invention

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowcharts may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0061] In the following description, references are made to “some embodiments,” which describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0062] Furthermore, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. The components of the embodiments of this application described and illustrated herein can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0063] In the following description, the terms "first, second, third" are used merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first, second, third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0064] It should be noted that the term "comprising" will be used in the embodiments of this application to indicate the presence of the features declared thereafter, but does not exclude the addition of other features.

[0065] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application.

[0066] Referring to Figure 1, which is a flowchart of steps S101 to S103 of the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a metal thin film provided in an embodiment of this application, the explanation will be based on steps S101 to S103 shown in Figure 1.

[0067] In step S101, a first shielding effectiveness model is constructed; wherein, the first shielding effectiveness model characterizes the influence of the number of layers of metal thin films of different materials on the shielding effectiveness.

[0068] The embodiments of this application aim to optimize and verify the effect of metal thin films in improving the electromagnetic compatibility of power batteries through refined modeling and experimental verification.

[0069] First, based on theoretical analysis and preliminary experimental data, a preliminary model was established to describe the influence of different materials (such as copper, aluminum, nickel, etc.) and different numbers of metal thin films on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. This model serves as the basis for subsequent experiments and optimizations.

[0070] In some embodiments, referring to FIG2, FIG2 is a flowchart of steps S201 to S203 provided in the embodiments of this application. The construction of the first shielding effectiveness model can be achieved through steps S201 to S203, which will be explained in conjunction with each step.

[0071] In step S201, a single-layer shielding effectiveness model is constructed;

[0072] Here, in an alternating magnetic field, due to the close proximity of the thin film layers, they interact with each other, thus affecting the shielding effectiveness. Because of the induced eddy currents, the alternating magnetic field can be shielded through conductive shielding. The single-layer shielding effectiveness is calculated as follows:

[0073] ,

[0074] Where k3 represents the single-layer shielding factor, L3 is the shielding inductance coefficient, R3 is the shielding impedance, and w is the magnetic field frequency.

[0075] In step S202, based on the single-layer shielding effectiveness model, an equivalent circuit of an n-layer structure, field source, and measuring device is constructed through a metal network composed of multiple conductive layers;

[0076] In practice, it is sometimes necessary to use a metal network composed of several layers of different thicknesses. To analyze the shielding effectiveness of a metal network composed of multiple conductive layers against alternating magnetic fields, the following form needs to be considered: each conductive layer is represented as an equivalent circuit consisting of an inductor L and a resistor R connected in parallel, where L is the layer inductance and R represents the resistance of the screen to the eddy currents flowing through it. The equivalent circuit of the n-layer structure, field source, and measuring device is shown in Figure 3.

[0077] The magnetic field is generated by an alternating current I0 of frequency w passing through a coil L0. Without shielding, an electromotive force is induced in the receiving coil L′, as shown in the formula:

[0078] ,

[0079] Where k is the mutual inductance coefficient of the coil. Considering the use of a closed shielding device to shield the source, we can assume that the connection between the source and the shielding layer, as well as the connection between each shield, is complete. We can use I1...In to represent the current in each shielding layer, and write a system containing n equations for the electromotive force appearing in each layer.

[0080] ,

[0081] Where the mutual inductance between the i-th and j-th coils is denoted by Lij. The shielding coefficient is found as the ratio of the electromotive force induced in the receiving coil under unshielded and shielded conditions, and the formula is:

[0082] ,

[0083] Here, Uэ is caused by the eddy currents flowing within the shield, as shown in the following equation:

[0084] ,

[0085] Calculations using MATLAB yielded the following:

[0086] ,

[0087] Furthermore, the value of the multi-layer shielding factor is:

[0088] ,

[0089] From the formula, it can be seen that, compared with single-layer shielding, the frequency dependence of the shielding coefficient of multi-layer shielding remains unchanged. The resistance of the shielding layer is directly proportional to the specific volume resistivity (ρI) of the material it is made of and inversely proportional to the layer thickness (di). The inductance is directly proportional to the permeability (μI) of the material. Furthermore, the formula can be expressed as:

[0090] ,

[0091] Where A is a scaling factor that depends on the shielding geometry.

[0092] In step S203, the first shielding effectiveness model is determined based on the equivalent circuit.

[0093] Based on the above calculations, a single-layer shield of a given thickness made of a metal with high permeability and low resistivity will have the greatest magnetic field shielding effectiveness. Further comparisons of the shielding effectiveness measurements of aluminum films of various thicknesses in alternating magnetic fields are shown in Table 1.

[0094] Table 1

[0095]

[0096] The table above shows that a single-layer shielding layer of a given thickness made of a metal with high permeability and low resistivity will have the greatest magnetic field shielding effectiveness. However, multi-layer coatings are not excluded; in such cases, it is necessary to optimize the technology and improve economic efficiency. Furthermore, theoretical models of thin-film shielding can only provide correct qualitative conclusions, but they cannot provide sufficiently accurate quantitative results.

[0097] In step S102, multiple samples are made for the first shielding effectiveness model, and the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples is tested. Based on the first test results, the first shielding effectiveness model is determined or corrected to obtain the second shielding effectiveness model.

[0098] In some embodiments, magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition methods are used to prepare thin-film shielding coatings because they allow control over the physical and mechanical parameters of the thin-film shielding coating during and after production, such as surface resistivity, volume resistivity, adhesion, thickness, and shielding effectiveness.

[0099] For electronic components made of polystyrene and plastics, providing the required conductive film parameters without heating the substrate is crucial. Since aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, and other materials can undergo plasma chemical reactions to obtain their nitrides, oxides, and other compounds, the structure and properties of the resulting conductive film can be further modified by controlling process parameters. Based on this, aluminum and copper were chosen as highly conductive materials, and iron and nickel were chosen as ferromagnetic materials.

[0100] Thin-film shielding coatings were prepared using magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition methods, as these methods allow for control over the physical and mechanical parameters of the coating during and after production, such as surface resistivity, volume resistivity, adhesion, thickness, and shielding effectiveness. A list of representative test samples of single-layer shielding coatings and their characteristics is shown in Table 2.

[0101] Table 2

[0102]

[0103] Two-layer and three-layer conductive thin-film shielding samples were fabricated using a combination of aluminum, iron, and copper layers, as well as test samples of multi-layer shielding coatings. Subsequently, multiple samples were used to compare and analyze the optically transparent shielding layer.

[0104] Electron microscopy revealed that the transparent conductive thin film coating possesses a dispersed structure with nearly spherical particles. Figures 4 and 5 show the frequency dependence of the electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient K and transmittance T of dispersed nickel films with different particle sizes. Figure 4 shows the T(λ) relationship for the dispersed nickel film on the glass substrate, where 1-3(T) correspond to particle sizes of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 nm. Figure 5 shows the R(λ) relationship for the dispersed nickel film on the glass substrate, where 1'-3'(R) correspond to particle sizes of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 nm.

[0105] In step S103, the second shielding effectiveness model is tested by applying it to the electronic components of the power battery. Based on the second test results, a third shielding effectiveness model is determined, and the electromagnetic compatibility of the power battery is tested based on the third shielding effectiveness model.

[0106] Here, the model corrected in step S102 is applied to the electronic components of the electric vehicle's power battery, and then the accuracy of the model is verified through actual testing. If problems occur, step S101 is repeated.

[0107] The embodiments of this application will now be described in full, taking into account experimental data.

[0108] First, the influence of different metal film materials on shielding performance was determined. To test the shielding effect of multilayer shielding coatings, two-layer and three-layer conductive film shielding samples were fabricated, using combinations of aluminum layers with iron and copper layers. A list of test samples and their characteristics for multilayer shielding coatings is provided. Data were collected and calculated according to the experimental procedures, and the experimental data at 25℃ were obtained, as shown in Table 3.

[0109] Table 3

[0110]

[0111] In samples 2.1–2.5, a layer of material with high magnetic permeability (iron) serves as both the outer and inner layer of the electromagnetic field source. Therefore, the effect of alternating layers in the shielding should be further investigated on its effectiveness.

[0112] Next, three samples were used to compare and analyze the optically transparent shielding layer. The first sample was a 50 μm thick copper grating with a period of 400 μm and a bandwidth of 200 μm, obtained by vacuum deposition and photolithography on a glass substrate. The second sample was a grating with the same geometric parameters prepared on an insulating rubber substrate. The third sample was obtained by magnetron deposition of a 0.25 μm thick semi-transparent silicon oxide film and a 3.0 nm thick nickel film on a glass substrate. The experimental data are summarized in Table 4.

[0113] Table 4

[0114]

[0115] Then, thin-film shielding coatings were prepared using magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition methods. The physical and mechanical parameters of the thin-film shielding coatings, such as surface resistivity, volume resistivity, adhesion, thickness, and shielding effectiveness, were tested during and after production. The measurement results of the shielding effectiveness of the aforementioned test samples in electric and magnetic fields are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0116] Table 5

[0117]

[0118] Table 6

[0119]

[0120] Analysis of the experimental data in Tables 5 and 6 shows that the shielding effectiveness of the copper film is almost identical to that of the aluminum film of the same thickness. As for the steel film, its shielding effect is significantly reduced in this frequency range due to its high resistivity. Table 6 shows that sputtered copper films at frequencies of 3 MHz or higher produce sufficiently strong shielding effectiveness (over 10 dB), while for continuous copper films, this frequency is approximately 100 kHz, a difference of more than an order of magnitude. This difference is due to the structural characteristics of the films obtained through vacuum deposition. Electron microscopy studies show that the deposited films consist of fine grains, the size of which depends on various factors affecting metal deposition on the substrate. On average, the grain size can range from one unit to tens of micrometers. During film growth, the grains come into contact with each other; however, at the contact surface, the periodicity of the metal crystal structure is broken, forming a potential barrier between the grains, preventing current flow between them. These results are qualitatively consistent with theoretical calculations.

[0121] In summary, the embodiments of this application have the following beneficial effects:

[0122] (1) Improve the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries: By accurately studying the effects of different materials and number of metal thin films on shielding effectiveness, we can guide the improvement of lithium-ion batteries from a mechanistic perspective, significantly improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the battery, and thus increase its service life and safety. This is of great significance for promoting the commercial application of lithium-ion batteries.

[0123] (2) Lightweight and optimized design: Using a transparent metal film as the shielding material not only does not increase the weight and size of the equipment, but also allows for fine processing using photolithography, facilitating design and manufacturing. This method helps to achieve lightweight and optimized design of power batteries and related electronic devices, improving their overall performance.

[0124] (3) Enhancing the scalability of the technology: Thin film shielding coatings are prepared using advanced manufacturing technologies such as magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition, and accurate analytical models are constructed. These technologies and models have broad applicability. They can be applied not only to the field of lithium-ion batteries, but also extended to the analysis of other types of power batteries (such as solid-state batteries), providing strong support for the design and optimization of related fields.

[0125] (4) Promote the formation and application of empirical models: Through repeated experiments and model verification, empirical analysis models on the shielding performance of metal thin films can be gradually built. These models will become important tools for the design, optimization and performance evaluation of power batteries, and will help improve product reliability and market competitiveness.

[0126] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electromagnetic compatibility testing device for a power battery using a metal thin film, which corresponds to the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a metal thin film in the first embodiment. Since the principle of the device in this application is similar to the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a metal thin film, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0127] As shown in Figure 6, Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the power battery electromagnetic compatibility testing device 600 using a metal thin film provided in an embodiment of this application. The power battery electromagnetic compatibility testing device 600 using a metal thin film includes:

[0128] The construction module 601 is used to construct a first shielding effectiveness model; wherein, the first shielding effectiveness model characterizes the influence of the number of layers of metal thin films of different materials on the shielding effectiveness;

[0129] The optimization module 602 is used to prepare multiple samples for the first shielding effectiveness model, test the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples, and determine or correct the first shielding effectiveness model based on the first test results to obtain a second shielding effectiveness model.

[0130] The test module 603 is used to test the second shielding effectiveness model by applying the second shielding effectiveness model to the electronic components of the power battery, determine the third shielding effectiveness model based on the second test results, and test the electromagnetic compatibility of the power battery based on the third shielding effectiveness model.

[0131] Those skilled in the art should understand that the functions of each unit in the electromagnetic compatibility testing device 600 for power batteries using metal thin films shown in Figure 6 can be understood with reference to the relevant description of the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for power batteries using metal thin films described above. The functions of each unit in the electromagnetic compatibility testing device 600 for power batteries using metal thin films shown in Figure 6 can be implemented by a program running on a processor, or by specific logic circuits.

[0132] In one possible implementation, the construction module 601 constructs a first shielding effectiveness model, including:

[0133] Construct a single-layer shielding effectiveness model;

[0134] Based on the single-layer shielding effectiveness model, an equivalent circuit of an n-layer structure, field source, and measurement device is constructed through a metal network composed of multiple conductive layers.

[0135] The first shielding effectiveness model is determined based on the equivalent circuit.

[0136] In one possible implementation, the single-layer shielding effectiveness model is as follows:

[0137] ,

[0138] Where k3 represents the single-layer shielding factor, L3 is the shielding inductance coefficient, R3 is the shielding impedance, and w is the magnetic field frequency.

[0139] In one possible implementation, each of the plurality of conductive layers includes an inductor L and a resistor R connected in parallel, and the magnetic field is generated by an alternating current I0 of frequency w passing through a coil L0, inducing an electromotive force in a receiving coil L′ without shielding.

[0140] ,

[0141] Where k is the mutual inductance coefficient of the coil, and I1……In represents the current in each shielding layer. The electromotive force appearing in each layer is a system containing n equations.

[0142] ,

[0143] The mutual inductance between the i-th and j-th coils is denoted by Lij.

[0144] In one possible implementation, the construction module 601 determines the first shielding effectiveness model based on the equivalent circuit, including:

[0145] The single-layer shielding factor is used as the ratio of the electromotive force induced in the receiving coil under unshielded and shielded conditions.

[0146] ,

[0147] Among them, Uэ is caused by eddies flowing in the shield;

[0148] ,

[0149] achievable

[0150] ,

[0151] The first formula for obtaining the value of the multi-layer shielding factor is:

[0152] ,

[0153] The first formula shows that the resistance of the shielding layer is directly proportional to the specific volume resistivity ρI of the material it is made of, and inversely proportional to the layer thickness di; the inductance is directly proportional to the magnetic permeability μI of the material.

[0154] Represent the first formula as the second formula:

[0155] ,

[0156] Where A is a scaling factor that depends on the shielding geometry;

[0157] The second formula is used as the first shielding effectiveness model.

[0158] In one possible implementation, the optimization module 602 prepares multiple samples for the first shielding effectiveness model and tests the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples, including:

[0159] A thin-film shielding coating is prepared by magnetron sputtering and / or vacuum deposition, and the thin-film shielding coating is tested to obtain the characteristics of the thin-film shielding coating; wherein, the thin-film shielding coating uses aluminum and copper as highly conductive materials and iron and nickel as ferromagnetic materials, and the thin-film shielding coating corresponds to a physical and mechanical parameter, which includes surface resistivity, volume resistivity, adhesion, thickness and shielding effectiveness;

[0160] Various 1-n layer thin film shielding coating samples of different materials are prepared and tested respectively to obtain the first test result. The first test result includes at least the frequency dependence of the sample's dispersion structure, particle shape, electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient and transmittance.

[0161] In one possible implementation, the test module 603 further includes:

[0162] The shielding factor suitable for the target component is determined based on the electromagnetic compatibility test results of the power battery, and the target metal film is determined based on the shielding factor.

[0163] The electromagnetic compatibility testing device for power batteries using the aforementioned metal thin film has the following beneficial effects in the embodiments of this application:

[0164] (1) Improve the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries: By accurately studying the effects of different materials and number of metal thin films on shielding effectiveness, we can guide the improvement of lithium-ion batteries from a mechanistic perspective, significantly improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the battery, and thus increase its service life and safety. This is of great significance for promoting the commercial application of lithium-ion batteries.

[0165] (2) Lightweight and optimized design: Using a transparent metal film as the shielding material not only does not increase the weight and size of the equipment, but also allows for fine processing using photolithography, facilitating design and manufacturing. This method helps to achieve lightweight and optimized design of power batteries and related electronic devices, improving their overall performance.

[0166] (3) Enhancing the scalability of the technology: Thin film shielding coatings are prepared using advanced manufacturing technologies such as magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition, and accurate analytical models are constructed. These technologies and models have broad applicability. They can be applied not only to the field of lithium-ion batteries, but also extended to the analysis of other types of power batteries (such as solid-state batteries), providing strong support for the design and optimization of related fields.

[0167] (4) Promote the formation and application of empirical models: Through repeated experiments and model verification, empirical analysis models on the shielding performance of metal thin films can be gradually built. These models will become important tools for the design, optimization and performance evaluation of power batteries, and will help improve product reliability and market competitiveness.

[0168] As shown in Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the composition of the electronic device 700 provided in the embodiment of this application, the electronic device 700 includes:

[0169] The device includes a processor 701, a storage medium 702, and a bus 703. The storage medium 702 stores machine-readable instructions that can be executed by the processor 701. When the electronic device 700 is running, the processor 701 communicates with the storage medium 702 via the bus 703. The processor 701 executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a thin metal film as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0170] In practical applications, the various components in the electronic device 700 are coupled together via bus 703. It is understood that bus 703 is used to achieve communication between these components. In addition to a data bus, bus 703 also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for clarity, all buses are labeled as bus 703 in Figure 7.

[0171] The above-described electronic device, according to the embodiments of this application, has the following beneficial effects:

[0172] (1) Improve the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries: By accurately studying the effects of different materials and number of metal thin films on shielding effectiveness, we can guide the improvement of lithium-ion batteries from a mechanistic perspective, significantly improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the battery, and thus increase its service life and safety. This is of great significance for promoting the commercial application of lithium-ion batteries.

[0173] (2) Lightweight and optimized design: Using a transparent metal film as the shielding material not only does not increase the weight and size of the equipment, but also allows for fine processing using photolithography, facilitating design and manufacturing. This method helps to achieve lightweight and optimized design of power batteries and related electronic devices, improving their overall performance.

[0174] (3) Enhancing the scalability of the technology: Thin film shielding coatings are prepared using advanced manufacturing technologies such as magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition, and accurate analytical models are constructed. These technologies and models have broad applicability. They can be applied not only to the field of lithium-ion batteries, but also extended to the analysis of other types of power batteries (such as solid-state batteries), providing strong support for the design and optimization of related fields.

[0175] (4) Promote the formation and application of empirical models: Through repeated experiments and model verification, empirical analysis models on the shielding performance of metal thin films can be gradually built. These models will become important tools for the design, optimization and performance evaluation of power batteries, and will help improve product reliability and market competitiveness.

[0176] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions. When the executable instructions are executed by at least one processor 701, the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for power batteries using metal thin films described in this application is implemented.

[0177] In some embodiments, the storage medium may be a magnetic random access memory (FRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, a magnetic surface memory, an optical disc, or a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), etc.; or it may be a device that includes one or any combination of the above-mentioned memories.

[0178] In some embodiments, executable instructions may take the form of a program, software, software module, script, or code, written in any form of programming language (including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages), and may be deployed in any form, including as a standalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0179] As an example, executable instructions may, but do not necessarily, correspond to files in the file system. They may be stored as part of a file that holds other programs or data, for example, in one or more scripts in a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) document, in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple collaborating files (e.g., a file that stores one or more modules, subroutines, or code sections).

[0180] As an example, executable instructions can be deployed to execute on a single computing device, or on multiple computing devices located in one location, or on multiple computing devices distributed across multiple locations and interconnected via a communication network.

[0181] The computer-readable storage medium described in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0182] (1) Improve the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries: By accurately studying the effects of different materials and number of metal thin films on shielding effectiveness, we can guide the improvement of lithium-ion batteries from a mechanistic perspective, significantly improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the battery, and thus increase its service life and safety. This is of great significance for promoting the commercial application of lithium-ion batteries.

[0183] (2) Lightweight and optimized design: Using a transparent metal film as the shielding material not only does not increase the weight and size of the equipment, but also allows for fine processing using photolithography, facilitating design and manufacturing. This method helps to achieve lightweight and optimized design of power batteries and related electronic devices, improving their overall performance.

[0184] (3) Enhancing the scalability of the technology: Thin film shielding coatings are prepared using advanced manufacturing technologies such as magnetron sputtering and vacuum deposition, and accurate analytical models are constructed. These technologies and models have broad applicability. They can be applied not only to the field of lithium-ion batteries, but also extended to the analysis of other types of power batteries (such as solid-state batteries), providing strong support for the design and optimization of related fields.

[0185] (4) Promote the formation and application of empirical models: Through repeated experiments and model verification, empirical analysis models on the shielding performance of metal thin films can be gradually built. These models will become important tools for the design, optimization and performance evaluation of power batteries, and will help improve product reliability and market competitiveness.

[0186] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and electronic devices can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0187] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0188] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0189] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a platform server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0190] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims. Industrial applicability

[0191] This application, through precise research on the impact of different materials and number of metal thin films on shielding effectiveness, can provide mechanistic guidance for the improvement of lithium-ion batteries, significantly enhancing their electromagnetic shielding effect and thus increasing their lifespan and safety. This is of great significance for promoting the commercial application of lithium-ion batteries.

Claims

1. A method for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of a power battery using a thin metal film, characterized in that, The method includes: Construct a first shielding effectiveness model; wherein, the first shielding effectiveness model characterizes the influence of the number of layers of metal thin films of different materials on the shielding effectiveness; Multiple samples are made for the first shielding effectiveness model, and the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples is tested. Based on the first test results, the first shielding effectiveness model is determined or corrected to obtain the second shielding effectiveness model. The second shielding effectiveness model is tested by applying it to the electronic components of the power battery. Based on the second test results, a third shielding effectiveness model is determined, and the electromagnetic compatibility of the power battery is tested based on the third shielding effectiveness model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the first shielding effectiveness model includes: Construct a single-layer shielding effectiveness model; Based on the single-layer shielding effectiveness model, an equivalent circuit of an n-layer structure, field source, and measurement device is constructed through a metal network composed of multiple conductive layers. The first shielding effectiveness model is determined based on the equivalent circuit.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The single-layer shielding effectiveness model is as follows: ， Where k3 represents the single-layer shielding factor, L3 is the shielding inductance coefficient, R3 is the shielding impedance, and w is the magnetic field frequency.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the multiple conductive layers includes an inductor L and a resistor R connected in parallel. The magnetic field is generated by an alternating current I0 with frequency w passing through a coil L0. Without shielding, an electromotive force is induced in the receiving coil L′. ， Where k is the mutual inductance coefficient of the coil, and I1……In represents the current in each shielding layer. The electromotive force appearing in each layer is a system containing n equations. ， The mutual inductance between the i-th and j-th coils is denoted by Lij.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the first shielding effectiveness model based on the equivalent circuit includes: The single-layer shielding factor is used as the ratio of the electromotive force induced in the receiving coil under unshielded and shielded conditions. ， Among them, Uэ is caused by eddies flowing in the shield; ， achievable ， The first formula for obtaining the value of the multi-layer shielding factor is: ， The first formula shows that the resistance of the shielding layer is directly proportional to the specific volume resistivity ρI of the material it is made of, and inversely proportional to the layer thickness di; the inductance is directly proportional to the magnetic permeability μI of the material. Represent the first formula as the second formula: ， Where A is a scaling factor that depends on the shielding geometry; The second formula is used as the first shielding effectiveness model.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of fabricating multiple samples based on the first shielding effectiveness model and testing the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples includes: A thin-film shielding coating is prepared by magnetron sputtering and / or vacuum deposition, and the thin-film shielding coating is tested to obtain the characteristics of the thin-film shielding coating; wherein, the thin-film shielding coating uses aluminum and copper as highly conductive materials and iron and nickel as ferromagnetic materials, and the thin-film shielding coating corresponds to a physical and mechanical parameter, which includes surface resistivity, volume resistivity, adhesion, thickness and shielding effectiveness; Various 1-n layer thin film shielding coating samples of different materials are prepared and tested respectively to obtain the first test result. The first test result includes at least the frequency dependence of the sample's dispersion structure, particle shape, electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient and transmittance.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The shielding factor suitable for the target component is determined based on the electromagnetic compatibility test results of the power battery, and the target metal film is determined based on the shielding factor.

8. A power battery electromagnetic compatibility testing device using a thin metal film, characterized in that, The device includes: A construction module is used to construct a first shielding effectiveness model; wherein, the first shielding effectiveness model characterizes the influence of the number of layers of metal thin films of different materials on the shielding effectiveness; An optimization module is used to create multiple samples for the first shielding effectiveness model, test the shielding effectiveness of the multiple samples, and determine or correct the first shielding effectiveness model based on the first test results to obtain a second shielding effectiveness model. The testing module is used to test the second shielding effectiveness model by applying it to the electronic components of the power battery, determine the third shielding effectiveness model based on the second test results, and test the electromagnetic compatibility of the power battery based on the third shielding effectiveness model.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The device includes a processor, a storage medium, and a bus, wherein the storage medium stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, and when the electronic device is running, the processor communicates with the storage medium via the bus, and the processor executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a thin metal film as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the electromagnetic compatibility testing method for a power battery using a metal thin film as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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