Battery cell and battery system

Abstract

A battery cell and a battery system. The battery cell comprises a first tab, a first electrode sheet and a first switching member, wherein the first electrode sheet can lead out an electrode by means of the first tab; within a first temperature range, the first switching member has a first form, and the first tab is conductively connected to the first electrode sheet; and within a second temperature range, the first switching member has a second form, and the first tab is non-conductively connected to the first electrode sheet.

Description

Cells and battery systems

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202411201291.0, filed on August 28, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a battery cell and battery system. Background Technology

[0003] With the continuous development of new energy technologies, the safety of battery cells is receiving increasing attention. As the core component of batteries, the continuous advancement of battery cell technology will drive the widespread application of new energy technologies and energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a cell and battery system to solve, or at least partially solve, the problems existing in the related technology, such as fuses being single-use, short circuits, and the need to replace fuses after they blow, which cause great inconvenience in use and maintenance.

[0005] In a first aspect, a battery cell is provided, comprising: a first tab, a first electrode, and a first switching element, wherein the first electrode can lead out an electrode through the first tab; within a first temperature range, the first switching element has a first configuration, and the first tab and the first electrode are electrically connected; within a second temperature range, the first switching element has a second configuration, and the first tab and the first electrode are non-conductively connected.

[0006] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first switching element is made of a shape memory alloy.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first switch includes: a first contact terminal and a second contact terminal, the first contact terminal being connected to a first electrode tab; the second contact terminal being connected to a first electrode plate; at least one of the first contact terminal or the second contact terminal is made of a shape memory alloy.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first switching element satisfies at least one of the following: the resistance of the first contact terminal is R1 = ρ1 × L1 / S1, wherein the length of the first contact terminal is L1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first contact terminal is S1, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact terminal is ρ1; or, the resistance of the second contact terminal is R2 = ρ2 × L2 / S2, wherein the length of the second contact terminal is L2, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second contact terminal is S2, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact terminal is ρ2.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first switching element satisfies at least one of the following: the resistance of the first contact terminal is R3 = c3 × m3 × ΔT3 / I3² × t3, wherein the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact terminal is c3, the mass of the first contact terminal is m3, the temperature change of the first contact terminal is ΔT3, the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact terminal is I3, and the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact terminal is t3; or, the resistance of the second contact terminal is R4 = c4 × m4 × ΔT4 / I4² × t4, wherein the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact terminal is c4, the mass of the second contact terminal is m4, the temperature change of the second contact terminal is ΔT4, the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact terminal is I4, and the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact terminal is t4.

[0010] In some embodiments, the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is c5 = R5 × I5² × t5 / m5 × ΔT5, where the mass of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is m5, the temperature change of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is ΔT5, the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is I5, the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is t5, and the resistance of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is R5.

[0011] In some embodiments, the resistance R6 of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is ρ6×L6 / S6, where the length of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is L6, the cross-sectional area of ​​the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is S6, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element is ρ6.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first switching element has an initial state, and when the temperature value of the first switching element is less than or equal to a first preset temperature, the first switching element switches from the initial state to the first state.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first preset temperature is less than or equal to 45 degrees Celsius.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first switching element has an initial state, and when the temperature value of the first switching element is greater than or equal to a second preset temperature, the first switching element switches from the initial state to the second state.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second preset temperature is greater than or equal to 150 degrees.

[0016] In some embodiments, the battery cell further includes: a second tab and a second electrode, wherein the second electrode can lead out an electrode through the second tab; an insulating layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0017] In some embodiments, a second switching element is connected between the second tab and the second electrode; in a third temperature range, the second switching element has a third configuration, with the second tab and the second electrode being electrically connected; in a fourth temperature range, the second switching element has a fourth configuration, with the second tab and the second electrode being non-conductively connected.

[0018] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the second switching element is made of a shape memory alloy.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second switching element includes: a third contact terminal connected to a second electrode tab; and a fourth contact terminal connected to a second electrode plate; at least one of the third or fourth contact terminals is made of a shape memory alloy.

[0020] In a second aspect, a battery system is provided, comprising: an electrical device and a battery cell of the first aspect, wherein the electrical device is electrically connected to a first electrode.

[0021] This disclosure provides some embodiments of a battery cell and a battery system. The battery cell includes a first tab, a first electrode, and a first switching element. The first electrode can lead out an electrode through the first tab. In a first temperature range, the first switching element has a first configuration, and the first tab and the first electrode are electrically connected. In a second temperature range, the first switching element has a second configuration, and the first tab and the first electrode are non-conductively connected.

[0022] The battery cell provided in some embodiments of this disclosure includes a first tab, a first electrode, and a first switching element. The first electrode leads out an electrode through the first tab. Within a first temperature range, the first switching element has a first configuration to electrically connect the first tab and the first electrode. Within a second temperature range, the first switching element has a second configuration to non-conductively connect the first tab and the first electrode. This configuration allows the first tab and the first electrode to switch between conductive and non-conductive connections, thereby protecting the battery cell.

[0023] The first switching element can switch between a first configuration and a second configuration to make the first electrode and the first tab electrically connected or non-conductively connected. In other words, the first switching element can be reused, which helps reduce the inconvenience of using and maintaining the battery cell and improves the user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a battery system according to some embodiments;

[0025] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to some embodiments;

[0026] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a first or second switch in a closed state according to some embodiments;

[0027] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a first or second switch in an open state according to some embodiments.

[0028] Reference numerals: 10: Battery cell; 11: First electrode; 12: First tab; 13: Second electrode; 14: Second tab; 15: Battery cell body; 16: Housing; 17: Separator; 20: First switch; 21: First contact terminal; 22: Second contact terminal; 30: Insulating layer; 40: Electrical equipment; 50: Second switch; 51: Third contact terminal; 52: Fourth contact terminal; 60: Battery system. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of some embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0030] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" throughout the specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic relating to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "one embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0031] In related technologies, to prevent short circuits in the battery cell or electrical equipment, which could damage the battery cell and the equipment, a fuse is connected between them. When a short circuit occurs in the battery cell or electrical equipment, the current flowing through the fuse increases, the fuse temperature rises, and the fuse melts at the high temperature, breaking the circuit and protecting the battery cell and electrical equipment.

[0032] However, fuses are for single use only. If a short circuit occurs and the fuse blows, it needs to be replaced, causing great inconvenience in use and maintenance.

[0033] To address the aforementioned problems, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a cell and battery system.

[0034] Referring to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a battery system according to some embodiments; referring to Figure 2, which is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to some embodiments; referring to Figure 3, which is a structural diagram of a first or second switch in a closed state according to some embodiments; and referring to Figure 4, which is a structural diagram of a first or second switch in an open state according to some embodiments.

[0035] As shown in Figure 2, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a battery cell 10, which includes a first tab 12, a first electrode 11, and a first switching element 20. The first electrode 11 has electrodes led out through the first tab 12. Within a first temperature range, the first switching element 20 has a first configuration, and the first tab 12 and the first electrode 11 are electrically connected; within a second temperature range, the first switching element 20 has a second configuration, and the first tab 12 and the first electrode 11 are non-conductively connected.

[0036] This disclosure provides a battery cell 10 in some embodiments, which includes a first electrode 11. The first electrode 11 can be either the positive or negative electrode of the battery cell 10. In some embodiments of this disclosure, there are no excessive restrictions on whether the first electrode 11 is the positive or negative electrode of the battery cell 10. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can configure it as needed.

[0037] The following will use the first electrode 11 as the positive electrode of the battery cell 10 as an example to illustrate some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0038] As shown in Figure 2, the first electrode 11 can lead out an electrode through the first tab 12. It can be understood that the first tab 12 is exposed to the battery cell 10, and the first electrode 11 leads out the positive terminal of the battery cell 10 through the first tab 12, so that the battery cell 10 can be connected to the electrical device 40 (as shown in Figure 1) through the first tab 12 to supply power to the electrical device 40.

[0039] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a first switching element 20 is disposed between the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12. The first switching element 20 can switch between a first state and a second state according to its own temperature value. The first state and the second state are different forms of the first switching element 20. When the first switching element 20 is within a first temperature range, the first switching element 20 has the first state, and the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12 are electrically connected. When the first switching element 20 is within a second temperature range, the first switching element 20 has the second state, and the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12 are not electrically connected.

[0040] It should be noted that in some embodiments of this disclosure, the first and second forms of the first switching element 20 are different. For example, the first form can be a closed form, and the second form can be an open form. Alternatively, the first form can be a planar form, and the second form can be a curved form. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the structure of the first and second forms is not subject to excessive restrictions. The following will use a first form being a closed form and a second form being an open form as an example to describe some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0041] At least a portion of the first switching element 20 can sense its own temperature and switch between a closed state and an open state based on its own temperature value. When the first switching element 20 is within a first temperature range, the first switching element 20 is in the closed state, and the first switching element 20 connects the first electrode 11 and the first electrode tab 12, making the first electrode 11 and the first electrode tab 12 conductive. When the first switching element 20 is within a second temperature range, the first switching element 20 is in the open state, and the first electrode 11 and the first electrode tab 12 are not conductive.

[0042] It should be noted that in some embodiments of this disclosure, the non-conductive connection between the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12 means that there is no electrical connection between them. In other words, any method that allows for a non-conductive connection between the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12 falls within the scope of this disclosure. For example, the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12 may be disconnected. The following will use the disconnection of the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12 as an example to illustrate some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0043] The first temperature range and the second temperature range can be the temperature range of the first switching element itself, or the temperature range of the environment surrounding the first switching element or the temperature range of the battery cell 10. For example, the first temperature range and the second temperature range can be the temperature range of the first switching element itself.

[0044] In some embodiments, referring to FIG2, the first switch 20 includes a first contact terminal 21 and a second contact terminal 22. The first contact terminal 21 is made of a common conductive material, such as copper or aluminum. The second contact terminal 22 is made of a shape memory alloy material. The first contact terminal 21 is connected to the first electrode tab 12, and the second contact terminal 22 is connected to the first electrode plate 11.

[0045] In the initial state, the second contact end 22 is away from the first electrode 11, and the first switch 20 is in the open state. When the current flowing through the second contact end 22 changes, and the second contact end 22 senses that its own temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature, the second contact end 22 deforms and comes into contact with the first electrode 11, thereby causing the first switch 20 to switch to the closed state.

[0046] In the initial state, the second contact end 22 abuts against the first electrode 11, and the first switch 20 is in the closed state. When the current flowing through the second contact end 22 changes, and the second contact end 22 senses that its own temperature value is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, the second contact end 22 deforms and moves away from the first electrode 11, thereby causing the first switch 20 to switch to the open state.

[0047] It should be noted that the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature in some embodiments of this disclosure are set by those skilled in the art as needed. In some embodiments of this disclosure, no excessive restrictions are placed on the temperature values ​​of the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature.

[0048] The battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of this disclosure includes a first tab 12, a first electrode 11, and a first switching element 20. The first electrode 11 leads out an electrode through the first tab 12. Within a first temperature range, the first switching element 20 has a first configuration to electrically connect the first tab 12 and the first electrode 11. Within a second temperature range, the first switching element 20 has a second configuration to non-conductively connect the first tab 12 and the first electrode 11. Through this configuration, the first tab 12 and the first electrode 11 can switch between conductive and non-conductive connections to protect the battery cell 10.

[0049] The first switching element 20 can switch between a first configuration and a second configuration to make the first electrode 11 and the first tab 12 electrically connected or non-conductively connected. In other words, the first switching element 20 can be reused, which helps reduce the inconvenience of using and maintaining the battery cell 10 and improves the user experience.

[0050] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, at least a portion of the first switching element 20 in some embodiments of this disclosure is made of shape memory alloy.

[0051] It should be noted that, in some embodiments of this disclosure, at least a portion of the first switching element 20 is made of shape memory alloy. Shape memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy material that can completely eliminate the deformation that occurred at a lower temperature after heating and restore its original shape before deformation, i.e., an alloy with a "memory" effect.

[0052] For example, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the shape memory alloy can be a TiNi-based shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy, an iron-based shape memory alloy, etc. In some embodiments of this disclosure, no excessive restrictions are placed on the type of shape memory alloy. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can select according to their needs.

[0053] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the first switching element 20 includes a first contact terminal 21 and a second contact terminal 22. The first contact terminal 21 is made of a common conductive material, and the second contact terminal 22 is made of a shape memory alloy. Alternatively, the first contact terminal 21 is made of a shape memory alloy, and the second contact terminal 22 is made of a common conductive material. Alternatively, both the first contact terminal 21 and the second contact terminal 22 are made of shape memory alloy.

[0054] In some embodiments of this disclosure, by making at least a portion of the first switching element 20 into a shape memory alloy, the shape memory alloy of the first switching element 20 can be reused repeatedly during the switching process between the closed and open states, thereby helping to reduce the inconvenience of the battery cell 10 in use and maintenance and improving the user experience.

[0055] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the first switch 20 in some embodiments of this disclosure includes a first contact end 21 and a second contact end 22. The first contact end 21 is connected to the first electrode tab 12; the second contact end 22 is connected to the first electrode plate 11; at least one of the first contact end 21 or the second contact end 22 is made of shape memory alloy.

[0056] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the first switching element 20 includes a first contact terminal 21 and a second contact terminal 22, both of which are conductive. For example, the first contact terminal 21 is made of a common conductive material, such as copper or aluminum. The second contact terminal 22 is made of a shape memory alloy. Because the second contact terminal 22 is made of a shape memory alloy, it can switch its shape according to its temperature. When the temperature of the second contact terminal 22 is within a first temperature range, it switches to a closed state, abutting against the first electrode 11. When the temperature of the second contact terminal 22 is within a second temperature range, it switches to an open state, moving away from the first electrode 11.

[0057] For example, the first contact end 21 is made of a shape memory alloy, and the second contact end 22 is made of a common conductive material, such as copper or aluminum. Because the first contact end 21 is made of a shape memory alloy, it can switch its shape according to its temperature. When the temperature of the first contact end 21 is within a first temperature range, it switches to a closed state, abutting against the first tab 12. When the temperature of the first contact end 21 is within a second temperature range, it switches to an open state, moving away from the first tab 12.

[0058] Of course, both the first contact end 21 and the second contact end 22 can also be made of shape memory alloy. Further details will not be provided here.

[0059] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first contact end 21 and the second contact end 22 satisfy at least one of the following: the resistance of the first contact end 21 is R1, the length of the first contact end 21 is L1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first contact end 21 is S1, the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact end 21 is ρ1, and R1, ρ1, L1 and S1 satisfy: R1 = ρ1 × L1 / S1; or, the resistance of the second contact end 22 is R2, the length of the second contact end 22 is L2, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second contact end 22 is S2, the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact end 22 is ρ2, and R2, ρ2, L2 and S2 satisfy: R2 = ρ2 × L2 / S2.

[0060] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the resistance of the first contact terminal 21 is set to R1, the length of the first contact terminal 21 is set to L1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first contact terminal 21 is set to S1, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact terminal 21 is set to ρ1. R1, ρ1, L1, and S1 satisfy R1 = ρ1 × L1 / S1. Once the type of shape memory alloy used in the first contact terminal 21 is determined, the resistivity ρ1 of the shape memory alloy can be determined, and the relationship between the length L1 and the cross-sectional area S1 of the first contact terminal 21 can be determined according to R1 = ρ1 × L1 / S1, thereby determining the structure of the first contact terminal 21.

[0061] Similarly, the resistance of the second contact terminal 22 is set to R2, the length of the second contact terminal 22 is set to L2, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second contact terminal 22 is set to S2, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact terminal 22 is set to ρ2. R2, ρ2, L2, and S2 satisfy: R2 = ρ2 × L2 / S2. Once the type of shape memory alloy used in the second contact terminal 22 is determined, the resistivity ρ2 of the shape memory alloy can be determined. Based on R2 = ρ2 × L2 / S2, the relationship between the length L2 of the second contact terminal 22 and the cross-sectional area S2 of the second contact terminal 22 can be determined, thereby determining the structure of the second contact terminal 22.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first contact terminal 21 and the second contact terminal 22 satisfy at least one of the following: the resistance of the first contact terminal 21 is R3, the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact terminal 21 is c3, the mass of the first contact terminal 21 is m3, the temperature change of the first contact terminal 21 is ΔT3, the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact terminal 21 is I3, the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact terminal 21 is t3, and R3, c3, m3, ΔT3, I3, and t3 satisfy: R3 = c3 ×m3×△T3 / I32×t3; or, the resistance of the second contact terminal 22 is R4, the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact terminal 22 is c4, the mass of the second contact terminal 22 is m4, the temperature change of the second contact terminal 22 is △T4, the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact terminal 22 is I4, and the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact terminal 22 is t4. R4, c4, m4, △T4, I4, and t4 satisfy: R4=c4×m4×△T4 / I42×t4.

[0063] To cause the first contact terminal 21 to deform at a second preset temperature, moving it away from the first electrode tab 12 and placing it in an open state, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the resistance of the first contact terminal 21 is set to R3, the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact terminal 21 is set to c3, the mass of the first contact terminal 21 is set to m3, the temperature change of the first contact terminal 21 is set to ΔT3, the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact terminal 21 is set to I3, and the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact terminal 21 is set to t3. R3, c3, m3, ΔT3, I3, and t3 satisfy: R3 = c3 × m3 × ΔT3 / I3 2 ×t3. Through the above settings, the first contact end 21 can deform at the second preset temperature to move away from the first tab 12 and be in an open state, thereby protecting the battery cell 10.

[0064] Similarly, in order to deform the second contact terminal 22 at a second preset temperature, so as to move it away from the first electrode 11 and put it in an open state, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the resistance of the second contact terminal 22 is set to R4, the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact terminal 22 is set to c4, the mass of the second contact terminal 22 is set to m4, the temperature change of the second contact terminal 22 is set to ΔT4, the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact terminal 22 is set to I4, and the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact terminal 22 is set to t4. R4, c4, m4, ΔT4, I4, and t4 satisfy: R4 = c4 × m4 × ΔT4 / I4 2 ×t4. Through the above settings, the second contact end 22 can deform at the second preset temperature to move away from the first electrode 11 and be in an open state, thereby protecting the cell 10.

[0065] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is c5, the mass of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is m5, the temperature change of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is ΔT5, the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is I5, the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is t5, and the resistance of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is R5. c5, R5, I5, t5, m5, and ΔT5 satisfy: c5=R5×I52×t5 / m5×ΔT5.

[0066] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to c5, the mass of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to m5, the temperature change of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to ΔT5, the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to I5, the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to t5, and the resistance of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to R5. c5, R5, I5, t5, m5, and ΔT5 satisfy: c5 = R5 × I5² × t5 / m5 × ΔT5. Through the above settings, the specific heat capacity c5 of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is determined, thereby facilitating the determination of the type of shape memory alloy.

[0067] In some embodiments, the resistance of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is R6, the length of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is L6, the cross-sectional area of ​​the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is S6, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is ρ6. R6, ρ6, L6 and S6 satisfy: R6=ρ6×L6 / S6.

[0068] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the resistance of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to R6, the length of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to L6, the cross-sectional area of ​​the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to S6, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 is set to ρ6. R6, ρ6, L6, and S6 satisfy R6 = ρ6 × L6 / S6. Once the type of shape memory alloy selected in the first switching element 20 is determined, the resistivity ρ6 of the shape memory alloy can be determined. Based on R6 = ρ6 × L6 / S6, the relationship between the length L6 and the cross-sectional area S6 of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20 can be determined, thereby determining the structure of the shape memory alloy in the first switching element 20.

[0069] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the first switch 20 has an initial state. When the temperature value of the first switch 20 is less than or equal to a first preset temperature, the first switch 20 switches from the initial state to the first state.

[0070] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the first switch 20 has an initial state, which can be either a closed state or an open state.

[0071] For example, when the initial state of the first switch 20 is the open state, when the temperature value of the first switch 20 itself is less than or equal to the first preset temperature, the first switch 20 switches from the open state to the closed state, and the first tab 12 is electrically connected to the first electrode 11 so that the battery cell 10 can work normally.

[0072] In some embodiments, when the first contact end 21 is made of a common conductive material and the second contact end 22 is made of a shape memory alloy, the second contact end 22 is initially in an open state away from the first electrode 11. When the temperature of the second contact end 22 is less than or equal to a first preset temperature, the second contact end 22 switches from an open state away from the first electrode 11 to a closed state abutting against the first electrode 11, thus electrically connecting the first tab 12 to the first electrode 11, so that the battery cell 10 can work normally.

[0073] It should be noted that the first preset temperature in some embodiments of this disclosure is designed by those skilled in the art based on actual needs during the design process. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the value of the first preset temperature is not subject to excessive restrictions. For example, the first preset temperature can be 40 degrees, 43 degrees, 45 degrees, 47 degrees, or 50 degrees, etc.

[0074] In some embodiments of this disclosure, when the temperature of the first switching element 20 is less than or equal to a first preset temperature, the first switching element 20 can switch from its initial state to its first state. This allows the first switching element 20 to be used repeatedly, thereby helping to reduce the inconvenience of using and maintaining the battery cell 10 and improving the user experience.

[0075] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first preset temperature is less than or equal to 45 degrees.

[0076] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first preset temperature is set to less than or equal to 45 degrees Celsius. For example, the first preset temperature can be 45 degrees Celsius, 43 degrees Celsius, or 40 degrees Celsius. Of course, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the first preset temperature can also be any other value less than or equal to 45 degrees Celsius. This disclosure does not limit the scope of the embodiments; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the temperature as needed.

[0077] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the first switch 20 has an initial state. When the temperature value of the first switch 20 is greater than or equal to a second preset temperature, the first switch 20 switches from the initial state to the second state.

[0078] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the first switch 20 has an initial state, which can be either a closed state or an open state.

[0079] For example, when the initial state of the first switch 20 is closed, when the temperature of the first switch 20 itself is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, the first switch 20 switches from the closed state to the open state to disconnect the first tab 12 from the first electrode 11, thereby protecting the battery cell 10.

[0080] In some embodiments, when the first contact end 21 is made of a common conductive material and the second contact end 22 is made of a shape memory alloy, in the initial state, the second contact end 22 is in a closed state abutting against the first electrode 11. When the temperature of the second contact end 22 is greater than or equal to a second preset temperature, the second contact end 22 switches from the closed state abutting against the first electrode 11 to an open state away from the first electrode 11, so that the first tab 12 is disconnected from the first electrode 11, thereby protecting the battery cell 10.

[0081] It should be noted that the second preset temperature in some embodiments of this disclosure is designed by those skilled in the art based on actual needs during the design process. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the value of the second preset temperature is not subject to excessive restrictions. For example, the second preset temperature can be 145 degrees, 147 degrees, 150 degrees, 153 degrees, or 155 degrees, etc.

[0082] In some embodiments of this disclosure, when the temperature of the first switching element 20 is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, the first switching element 20 switches from the initial state to the second state, so that the first electrode tab 12 is disconnected from the first electrode plate 11, thereby protecting the battery cell 10.

[0083] For example, the second preset temperature is greater than or equal to 150 degrees.

[0084] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the second preset temperature is set to be greater than or equal to 150 degrees Celsius. For example, the second preset temperature can be 150 degrees Celsius, 153 degrees Celsius, or 155 degrees Celsius. Of course, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the second preset temperature can also be any value greater than or equal to 150 degrees Celsius. This disclosure does not impose limitations on this; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the temperature as needed.

[0085] The following will use an example where the first contact end 21 is made of a common conductive material, the second contact end 22 is made of a shape memory alloy, the first preset temperature is 45 degrees, and the second preset temperature is 150 degrees to illustrate some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0086] When the battery cell 10 is operating normally, its temperature is less than or equal to 45 degrees Celsius. The second contact terminal 22 of the first switching element 20 abuts against the first electrode 11, and the first switching element 20 is in a closed state. If an abnormality occurs inside the battery cell 10, the current flowing through the second contact terminal 22 increases. Due to the resistance of the second contact terminal 22 itself, it heats up, and its temperature rises sharply. When the temperature of the second contact terminal 22 reaches 150 degrees Celsius, the second contact terminal 22 deforms, moving away from the first electrode 11, and the first switching element 20 is in an open state to protect the battery cell 10. After the abnormality inside the battery cell 10 is resolved, the current flowing through the second contact terminal 22 decreases, and the temperature of the second contact terminal 22 gradually decreases. When the temperature drops to 45 degrees Celsius, the second contact terminal 22 deforms again, abutting against the first electrode 11, and the first switching element 20 is in a closed state, allowing the battery cell 10 to continue operating normally.

[0087] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the battery cell 10 disclosed in some embodiments of this disclosure further includes a second tab 14 and a second electrode 13. The second electrode 13 can lead out electrodes through the second tab 14; an insulating layer 30 is disposed between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 13.

[0088] As shown in Figure 2, the battery cell 10 disclosed in some embodiments of this disclosure further includes a second electrode 13. When the first electrode 11 is the positive electrode of the battery cell 10, the second electrode 13 is the negative electrode of the battery cell 10. When the first electrode 11 is the negative electrode of the battery cell 10, the second electrode 13 is the positive electrode of the battery cell 10.

[0089] The following will use the first electrode 11 as the positive electrode of the battery cell 10 and the second electrode 13 as the negative electrode of the battery cell 10 as an example to illustrate some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0090] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first electrode 11 is capable of storing and releasing charge, and the active material is generally lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, or lithium iron phosphate, etc., the type of active material being related to the type of battery cell 10. The second electrode 13 is used to store charge and is generally made of graphite.

[0091] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the positive terminal of the battery cell 10 is led out from the first electrode 11 through the first tab 12, and the negative terminal of the battery cell 10 is led out from the second electrode 13 through the second tab 14. Both the first tab 12 and the second tab 14 are exposed outside the battery cell 10, so that the battery cell 10 can be connected to the electrical device 40 through the first tab 12 and the second tab 14 to supply power to the electrical device 40.

[0092] In some embodiments of this disclosure, an insulating layer 30 is provided between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 13 to block the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 13 and prevent leakage of the battery cell 10.

[0093] It should be noted that the insulating layer 30 in some embodiments of this disclosure has insulating properties. For example, the insulating layer 30 can be an insulating adhesive layer. Of course, in some embodiments of this disclosure, there are no excessive restrictions on the material of the insulating layer 30. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs.

[0094] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a second switching element 50 is connected between the second tab 14 and the second electrode 13; in a third temperature range, the second switching element 50 has a third configuration, and the second tab 14 and the second electrode 13 are electrically connected; in a fourth temperature range, the second switching element 50 has a fourth configuration, and the second tab 14 and the second electrode 13 are non-conductively connected.

[0095] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the second electrode 13 can lead out an electrode through the second tab 14. It can be understood that the second tab 14 is exposed to the battery cell 10, and the second electrode 13 leads out the negative terminal of the battery cell 10 through the second tab 14, so as to connect the battery cell 10 to the electrical device 40 through the second tab 14 to supply power to the electrical device 40.

[0096] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a second switching element 50 is provided between the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14. The second switching element 50 can switch between a third form and a fourth form according to its own temperature value. The third form and the fourth form are different forms of the second switching element 50.

[0097] When the second switching element 50 is in a third temperature range, the second switching element 50 has a third configuration, and the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14 are electrically connected. When the second switching element 50 is in a fourth temperature range, the second switching element 50 has a fourth configuration, and the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14 are non-conductively connected.

[0098] It should be noted that in some embodiments of this disclosure, the third and fourth forms of the second switching element 50 are different. For example, the third form can be a closed form, and the fourth form can be an open form. Alternatively, the third form can be a planar form, and the fourth form can be a curved form. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the structure of the third and fourth forms is not subject to excessive restrictions. The following will use a third form as a closed form and a fourth form as an open form as an example to describe some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0099] At least a portion of the second switching element 50 can sense its own temperature and switch between a closed and open state based on its temperature value. When the second switching element 50 is within a third temperature range, it is in a closed state, connecting the second electrode 13 and the second tab 14, thus conducting electricity. When the second switching element 50 is within a fourth temperature range, it is in an open state, disconnecting the connection between the second electrode 13 and the second tab 14, thus preventing electricity from flowing between them.

[0100] It should be noted that in some embodiments of this disclosure, the non-conductive connection between the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14 means that there is no electrical continuity between the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14. In other words, any method that allows for a non-conductive connection between the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14 falls within the scope of this disclosure. For example, the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14 may be disconnected.

[0101] The following will use the disconnection of the second electrode 13 and the second electrode tab 14 as an example to illustrate some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0102] It should be noted that the third and fourth preset temperatures in some embodiments of this disclosure are set by those skilled in the art as needed. In some embodiments of this disclosure, no excessive restrictions are placed on the temperature values ​​of the third and fourth preset temperatures.

[0103] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the second electrode 13 leads out an electrode through the second tab 14. Within a third temperature range, the second switching element 50 has a third configuration to electrically connect the second tab 14 and the second electrode 13. Within a fourth temperature range, the second switching element 50 has a fourth configuration to non-conductively connect the second tab 14 and the second electrode 13. This configuration allows the second tab 14 and the second electrode 13 to switch between conductive and non-conductive connections to protect the battery cell 10.

[0104] The second switching element 50 can switch between a third and a fourth configuration to either make the second electrode 13 and the second tab 14 electrically connected or non-conductively connected. In other words, the second switching element 50 can be reused, which helps reduce inconvenience in the use and maintenance of the battery cell 10 and improves the user experience.

[0105] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, at least a portion of the second switching element 50 in some embodiments of this disclosure is made of shape memory alloy.

[0106] It should be noted that, in some embodiments of this disclosure, at least a portion of the second switching element 50 is made of a shape memory alloy. A shape memory alloy is an alloy material that, when heated, can completely eliminate the deformation that occurred at a lower temperature and restore its original shape before deformation; that is, an alloy with a "memory" effect.

[0107] For example, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the shape memory alloy can be a TiNi-based shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy, an iron-based shape memory alloy, etc. In some embodiments of this disclosure, no excessive restrictions are placed on the type of shape memory alloy. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can select according to their needs.

[0108] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the second switch 50 includes a third contact terminal 51 and a fourth contact terminal 52. The third contact terminal 51 is made of a common conductive material, and the fourth contact terminal 52 is made of a shape memory alloy. Alternatively, the third contact terminal 51 is made of a shape memory alloy, and the fourth contact terminal 52 is made of a common conductive material. Alternatively, both the third contact terminal 51 and the fourth contact terminal 52 are made of shape memory alloy.

[0109] In some embodiments of this disclosure, by making at least a portion of the second switching element 50 into a shape memory alloy, the shape memory alloy of the second switching element 50 can be reused repeatedly during the switching process between the closed and open states, thereby helping to reduce the inconvenience of the battery cell 10 in use and maintenance and improving the user experience.

[0110] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the second switch 50 includes a third contact end 51 and a fourth contact end 52. The third contact end 51 is connected to the second electrode tab 14; the fourth contact end 52 is connected to the second electrode plate 13; at least one of the third contact end 51 or the fourth contact end 52 is made of shape memory alloy.

[0111] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the second switching element 50 includes a third contact terminal 51 and a fourth contact terminal 52, both of which are conductive. For example, the third contact terminal 51 is made of a common conductive material, such as copper or aluminum. The fourth contact terminal 52 is made of a shape memory alloy. Because the fourth contact terminal 52 is made of a shape memory alloy, it can switch its shape according to its temperature. When the temperature of the fourth contact terminal 52 is within a third temperature range, it switches to a closed state, abutting against the second electrode 13. When the temperature of the fourth contact terminal 52 is within a fourth temperature range, it switches to an open state, moving away from the second electrode 13.

[0112] For example, the third contact 51 is made of a shape memory alloy, and the fourth contact 52 is made of a common conductive material, such as copper or aluminum. Because the third contact 51 is made of a shape memory alloy, it can switch its shape according to its temperature. When the temperature of the third contact 51 is within a third temperature range, it switches to a closed state, abutting against the second tab 14. When the temperature of the third contact 51 is within a second temperature range, it switches to an open state, moving away from the second tab 14.

[0113] Of course, both the third contact end 51 and the fourth contact end 52 can also be made of shape memory alloy. Further details will not be provided here.

[0114] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2, the battery cell 10 in some embodiments of this disclosure includes a battery cell body 15 and a housing 16, with the housing 16 covering the outside of the battery cell body 15.

[0115] As shown in Figure 2, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the battery cell 10 includes a battery cell body 15 and a housing 16. The housing 16 is disposed on the outside of the battery cell body 15, and the battery cell body 15 is encapsulated by the housing 16 to protect the internal structure of the battery cell body 15.

[0116] It should be noted that in some embodiments of this disclosure, the housing 16 may be made of metal, for example, aluminum. The housing 16 may also be made of plastic, for example, polyethylene. Of course, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the material of the housing 16 is not overly limited; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs.

[0117] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a separator 17 is also provided inside the battery cell body 15. The separator 17 is a specially shaped polymer film with a microporous structure, allowing ions to pass through freely.

[0118] This disclosure discloses a battery cell and a battery system. The battery cell includes a first tab, a first electrode, and a first switching element. The first electrode has an electrode led out through the first tab. In a first temperature range, the first switching element has a first configuration, and the first tab and the first electrode are electrically connected. In a second temperature range, the first switching element has a second configuration, and the first tab and the first electrode are non-conductively connected.

[0119] This disclosure discloses a battery cell comprising a first tab, a first electrode, and a first switching element. The first electrode has an electrode led out from the first tab. Within a first temperature range, the first switching element has a first configuration to electrically connect the first tab and the first electrode. Within a second temperature range, the first switching element has a second configuration to non-conductively connect the first tab and the first electrode. This configuration allows the first tab and the first electrode to switch between conductive and non-conductive connections, thereby protecting the battery cell.

[0120] In some embodiments, the first switching element can be switched between a first form and a second form to make the first electrode and the first tab electrically connected or non-conductively connected. That is, the first switching element can be reused, which helps to reduce the inconvenience of using and maintaining the battery cell and improve the user experience.

[0121] Referring to FIG1, some embodiments of this disclosure also provide a battery system 60, which includes an electrical device 40 and a battery cell 10 as described in the above embodiments. The electrical device 40 is electrically connected to a first tab 12.

[0122] As shown in Figure 1, this disclosure provides a battery system 60, which includes the aforementioned battery cell 10 and a power device 40. A first end of the power device 40 is electrically connected to a first tab 12 of the battery cell 10, and a second end of the power device 40 is electrically connected to a second tab 14 of the battery cell 10. The battery cell 10 and the power device form a circuit.

[0123] It should be noted that the battery system 60 provided in some embodiments of this disclosure includes a battery cell 10 with the same structure as the battery cell 10 described above, and its beneficial effects are also the same or similar. Further details will not be provided here.

[0124] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0125] Although alternative embodiments of this disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the alternative embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or terminal device that includes that element.

[0127] The technical solutions provided in this disclosure have been described in detail above. This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this disclosure. Furthermore, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the principles and implementation methods of this disclosure. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A battery cell (10), comprising: First pole ear (12); The first electrode (11) can lead out an electrode through the first electrode tab (12); as well as The first switching element (20) has a first shape in a first temperature range, wherein the first tab (12) and the first electrode (11) are electrically connected; and in a second temperature range, the first switching element (20) has a second shape, wherein the first tab (12) and the first electrode (11) are non-conductively connected.

2. The battery cell (10) according to claim 1, wherein, At least a portion of the first switch (20) is made of shape memory alloy.

3. The battery cell (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The first switching element (20) includes: The first contact end (21) is connected to the first electrode tab (12); and The second contact end (22) is connected to the first electrode (11); At least one of the first contact end or the second contact end is made of shape memory alloy.

4. The battery cell (10) according to claim 3, wherein, The first switching element (20) satisfies at least one of the following: The resistance R1 of the first contact end (21) is ρ1×L1 / S1, where the length of the first contact end (21) is L1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first contact end (21) is S1, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact end (21) is ρ1; or, The resistance of the second contact end (22) is R2 = ρ2 × L2 / S2, where the length of the second contact end (22) is L2, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second contact end (22) is S2, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact end (22) is ρ2.

5. The battery cell (10) according to claim 3, wherein, The first switching element (20) satisfies at least one of the following: The resistance of the first contact terminal (21) is R3 = c3 × m3 × ΔT3 / I3 2 ×t3, wherein the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first contact end (21) is c3, the mass of the first contact end (21) is m3, the temperature change of the first contact end (21) is ΔT3, the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact end (21) is I3, and the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the first contact end (21) is t3; or, The resistance of the second contact terminal (22) is R4 = c4 × m4 × ΔT4 / I4 2 ×t4, wherein the specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the second contact end (22) is c4, the mass of the second contact end (22) is m4, the temperature change of the second contact end (22) is ΔT4, the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact end (22) is I4, and the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the second contact end (22) is t4.

6. The battery cell (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The specific heat capacity of the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is c5 = R5 × I52 × t5 / m5 × ΔT5, where the mass of the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is m5, the temperature change of the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is ΔT5, the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is I5, the duration of the short-circuit current flowing through the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is t5, and the resistance of the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is R5.

7. The battery cell (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The resistance R6 of the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is ρ6×L6 / S6, wherein the length of the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is L6, the cross-sectional area of ​​the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is S6, and the resistivity of the shape memory alloy in the first switch (20) is ρ6.

8. The battery cell (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The first switch (20) has an initial state. When the temperature value of the first switch (20) is less than or equal to a first preset temperature, the first switch (20) switches from the initial state to the first state.

9. The battery cell (10) according to claim 8, wherein, The first preset temperature is less than or equal to 45 degrees Celsius.

10. The battery cell (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The first switch (20) has an initial state. When the temperature value of the first switch (20) is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, the first switch (20) switches from the initial state to the second state.

11. The battery cell (10) according to claim 10, wherein, The second preset temperature is greater than or equal to 150 degrees.

12. The battery cell (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising: Second pole ear (14); as well as The second electrode (13) can lead out an electrode through the second electrode tab (14); An insulating layer is provided between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (13).

13. The battery cell (10) according to claim 12, wherein, A second switch (50) is connected between the second electrode tab (14) and the second electrode plate (13); Within a third temperature range, the second switch (50) has a third configuration, and the second electrode (14) and the second electrode (13) are electrically connected; Within a fourth temperature range, the second switch (50) has a fourth configuration, wherein the second tab (14) and the second electrode (13) are non-conductively connected.

14. The battery cell (10) according to claim 13, wherein, At least a portion of the second switch (50) is made of shape memory alloy.

15. The battery cell (10) according to claim 14, wherein, The second switching element (50) includes: The third contact end (51) is connected to the second electrode tab (14); and The fourth contact end (52) is connected to the second electrode plate (13); Wherein, at least one of the third contact end or the fourth contact end is made of shape memory alloy.

16. A battery system (60), comprising: Electrical equipment (40); as well as The battery cell (10) according to any one of claims 1-15 is electrically connected to the first tab (12).

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