Photovoltaic device and manufacturing method therefor, photovoltaic module, power generating apparatus, and electric apparatus

Abstract

The present application provides a photovoltaic device and a manufacturing method therefor, a photovoltaic module, a power generating apparatus, and an electric apparatus. The photovoltaic device comprises a battery functional assembly, a cover assembly, a sealing assembly, and a busbar assembly. The battery functional assembly comprises an electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer. The cover assembly comprises a cover body and a lead-out hole formed in the cover body, and the cover body covers the battery functional assembly. The sealing assembly comprises a first sealing member and a second sealing member, the first sealing member is at least arranged in the lead-out hole, and the second sealing member is arranged between the cover assembly and the battery functional assembly and is arranged at least opposite to the lead-out hole. The busbar assembly is connected to the electrode layer, and the busbar assembly passes through the first sealing member along a thickness direction and extends, via the lead-out hole, to the side of the cover body facing away from the battery functional assembly, wherein the first sealing member is sealingly connected to the busbar assembly and the wall of the lead-out hole, and the second sealing member is sealingly connected to the first sealing member and the battery functional assembly. The present application can improve the device stability of photovoltaic devices.

Description

Photovoltaic devices and their manufacturing methods, photovoltaic modules, power generation devices and power consumption devices

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411184275.5, filed on August 27, 2024, entitled “Photovoltaic Device and Method for Fabrication Thereof, Photovoltaic Module, Power Generation Device and Power Consumption Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a photovoltaic device and its preparation method, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device, and a power consumption device. Background Technology

[0004] Photovoltaic devices possess excellent photoelectric properties and simple fabrication methods, bringing new possibilities and hope to photovoltaic power generation. However, the stability of photovoltaic devices currently needs further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application is made in view of the above-mentioned issues, and its purpose is to provide a photovoltaic device and its preparation method, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power consumption device, which can improve the device stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application proposes a photovoltaic device, which includes a battery functional component, a cover component, a sealing component, and a busbar component. The battery functional component includes an electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer stacked along its own thickness direction. The cover component includes a cover body and an outlet hole disposed in the cover body, and the cover body covers the battery functional component. The sealing component includes a first seal and a second seal. The first seal is disposed at least in the outlet hole, and the second seal is disposed between the cover component and the battery functional component, and is at least opposite to the outlet hole. The busbar component is connected to the electrode layer, and the busbar component extends through the first seal along its thickness direction and through the outlet hole to the side of the cover body away from the battery functional component. The first seal seals the busbar component and the hole wall of the outlet hole, and the second seal seals the first seal and the battery functional component.

[0007] Therefore, the sealing assembly of this application includes a first seal and a second seal. The first seal can seal the lead-out hole, and the second seal can further seal the cover assembly and the battery functional assembly. The first and second seals work together to extend the erosion path of water and oxygen in the thickness direction, reducing the risk of water and oxygen erosion of the battery functional assembly. Secondly, the second seal is located between the cover assembly and the battery functional assembly, which can further alleviate the erosion of water and oxygen in the vertical direction of the thickness direction, further reducing the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the battery functional assembly and improving the stability of the battery functional assembly. The combined use of the first and second seals can also effectively reduce the thickness of the sealing assembly portion located between the cover assembly and the battery functional assembly, alleviating the stress concentration problem caused by the sealing assembly to the battery functional assembly, further improving the stability of the battery functional assembly, and improving the device stability and device quality of the photovoltaic device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate of the sealing component is less than or equal to 0.5 g / (m²). 2 •day). When the sealing assembly meets the above range, it can effectively reduce the risk of water vapor intrusion.

[0009] In some embodiments, the oxygen permeability of the sealing assembly is less than or equal to 60 cc / (m²). 2 •day). When the sealing assembly meets the above range, it can effectively reduce the risk of oxygen intrusion.

[0010] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first seal is greater than that of the second seal. The relatively lower viscosity of the second seal facilitates its flow and diffusion during lamination, which helps to disperse stress at the corresponding locations of the lead-out holes and reduces the risk of damage to battery functional components and busbar components.

[0011] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first sealant is 15000 Pa·s to 30000 Pa·s, optionally 20000 Pa·s to 25000 Pa·s. The relatively high viscosity of the first sealant prevents excessive adhesive overflow, effectively sealing the lead-out hole and further improving stress dispersion at the corresponding position of the lead-out hole, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0012] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the second seal is from 8600 Pa·s to 12000 Pa·s, optionally from 8800 Pa·s to 9500 Pa·s. The relatively low viscosity of the second seal facilitates its flow and diffusion during lamination, which helps to disperse stress at the corresponding location of the lead-out hole and reduces the risk of damage to battery functional components and busbar components.

[0013] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is greater than that in the second seal. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the main material in the second seal is relatively small, making it easier to flow and diffuse during lamination, cooperate with the first seal for sealing, and help disperse stress at the corresponding location of the lead-out hole, thereby reducing the risk of damage to battery functional components and busbar components.

[0014] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 4 g / mol to 4×10 6 g / mol.

[0015] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the second seal is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 3 g / mol to 2×10 6 g / mol.

[0016] In some embodiments, the body material of the first seal includes one or more of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, unsaturated butyl rubber, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymer.

[0017] In some embodiments, the body material of the second seal includes one or more of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, unsaturated butyl rubber, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymer.

[0018] In some embodiments, the dimension of the first seal along the thickness direction is 3mm to 5mm, optionally 3.4mm to 4.5mm. When the dimension of the first seal along the thickness direction is within the above range, it can effectively block the intrusion of water and oxygen along the thickness direction, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0019] In some embodiments, the dimension of the second seal along the thickness direction is 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm, optionally 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. When the dimension of the second seal along the thickness direction is within the above range, it can effectively block the intrusion of water and oxygen along the thickness direction, and can also block the intrusion of water and oxygen in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first seal includes a body portion and a protrusion portion. The body portion is disposed within the outlet hole; the protrusion portion is disposed outside the outlet hole and connected to the side of the body portion opposite to the battery functional component. The busbar assembly penetrates the body portion and the protrusion portion along its thickness direction and extends to the side of the protrusion portion opposite to the battery functional component. The cooperation of the body portion and the protrusion portion enhances the first seal's ability to block water and oxygen.

[0021] In some embodiments, the protrusion is sealingly connected to the side of the cover body opposite to the battery functional components. This sealing connection between the protrusion and the cover body further enhances the sealing capability of the first seal.

[0022] In some embodiments, the thickness dimension of the body portion is 3mm to 4.5mm, optionally 3.2mm to 4mm, and the body portion has excellent water and oxygen barrier capabilities.

[0023] In some embodiments, the protrusion has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, and can be selected as 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, and the protrusion has a superior ability to block water and oxygen.

[0024] In some embodiments, the bus assembly includes a first connection portion and a second connection portion, the first connection portion extending through a first seal in the thickness direction; the second connection portion is connected to the first connection portion and connected to an electrode layer, and the second connection portion is at least partially located between the first seal and the battery functional component, with the end of the second connection portion facing the first connection portion connected to the second seal.

[0025] Therefore, the first sealing element mainly seals the first connection part, and the second sealing element mainly seals the second connection part. Through the sealing effect of the first sealing element and the second sealing element, the risk of water and oxygen intrusion through the junction module can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0026] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the second seal is located on the side of the second connection facing the battery functional components, which can further improve the sealing performance.

[0027] In some embodiments, the second seal is located on the side of the second connection that faces away from the battery functional components, which can further improve the sealing performance.

[0028] In some embodiments, the second seal is disposed opposite to the outlet hole, and the second seal extends along a first direction and is connected to a portion of the cover body, the first direction being perpendicular to the thickness direction. The second seal not only blocks water and oxygen in the thickness direction but also blocks water and oxygen in the first direction, further enhancing the protection of the battery functional components and improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0029] In some embodiments, the second seal is a sheet-like structure. While blocking water and oxygen, the sheet-like structure is relatively thin, which can alleviate the stress concentration problem on the battery functional components caused by the second seal.

[0030] In some embodiments, the outlet hole includes a first through hole and a second through hole, which are spaced apart, and a first seal is provided in both the first through hole and the second through hole; the busbar assembly includes a positive busbar and a negative busbar, the positive busbar passes through the first seal located in the first through hole along the thickness direction, and the negative busbar passes through the first seal located in the second through hole along the thickness direction.

[0031] In some embodiments, the second seal is a continuous structure and covers both the first and second through holes. The continuous structure effectively improves sealing performance.

[0032] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a perovskite material, which includes one or more compounds with the molecular formula ABX3 or M2CDN6, wherein A and M each independently comprise Li. + Na + K + 、Rb + Cs + The following are cations: methylamine cation, dimethylamine cation, ethylamine cation, propylamine cation, butylamine cation, pentamine cation, hexamine cation, formamidinium cation, or imidazole cation; B includes cations of one or more elements selected from lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, or europium; X and N each independently include F. - Cl - ,Br - or I - One or more of the following; C includes Cs + Ag + K + Or Ru + One or more of the following; D includes Bi 3+ Ni 3+ Fe 3+ Sb 3+ In 3+ or Cu 3+ One or more of them.

[0033] In some embodiments, the battery functional components also include an electron transport layer located between the electrode layer and the photoelectric conversion layer, which can improve electron transport performance.

[0034] In some embodiments, the battery functional components also include a hole transport layer between the electrode layer and the photoelectric conversion layer, which can improve hole transport performance.

[0035] Secondly, this application proposes a method for fabricating a photovoltaic device. The method includes providing a battery functional component, which includes an electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer stacked along its thickness direction; covering the battery functional component with a cover assembly, which includes a cover body and an outlet hole disposed in the cover body; providing a sealing source, which includes a first sealing source and a second sealing source, wherein the first sealing source is at least disposed within the outlet hole, and the second sealing source is disposed between the cover assembly and the battery functional component, and covers the outlet hole; providing a busbar assembly, which is connected to the electrode layer, and the busbar assembly extends through the first sealing source along its thickness direction to the side of the cover body away from the battery functional component; heat-treating the sealing source so that the first sealing source forms a first sealing element and seals the wall of the outlet hole connecting the busbar assembly; and the second sealing source forms a second sealing element and seals the first sealing element and the battery functional component, thereby forming a photovoltaic device.

[0036] Therefore, through the above preparation method, the first sealing source and the second sealing source cooperate to form the first sealing element and the second sealing element during the heat treatment process, thereby playing an effective sealing role for the photovoltaic device and improving the device stability and device quality.

[0037] In some embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate of the sealing component is less than or equal to 0.5 g / (m²). 2 •day). When the sealing assembly meets the above range, it can effectively reduce the risk of water vapor intrusion.

[0038] In some embodiments, the oxygen permeability of the sealing assembly is less than or equal to 60 cc / (m²). 2 •day). When the sealing assembly meets the above range, it can effectively reduce the risk of oxygen intrusion.

[0039] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first seal is greater than that of the second seal. The relatively lower viscosity of the second seal facilitates its flow and diffusion during lamination, which helps to disperse stress at the corresponding locations of the lead-out holes and reduces the risk of damage to battery functional components and busbar components.

[0040] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first sealant is 15000 Pa·s to 30000 Pa·s, optionally 20000 Pa·s to 25000 Pa·s. The relatively high viscosity of the first sealant prevents excessive adhesive overflow, effectively sealing the lead-out hole and further improving stress dispersion at the corresponding position of the lead-out hole, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0041] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the second seal is from 8600 Pa·s to 12000 Pa·s, optionally from 8800 Pa·s to 9500 Pa·s. The relatively low viscosity of the second seal facilitates its flow and diffusion during lamination, which helps to disperse stress at the corresponding location of the lead-out hole and reduces the risk of damage to battery functional components and busbar components.

[0042] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is greater than that in the second seal. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the main material in the second seal is relatively small, making it easier to flow and diffuse during lamination, cooperate with the first seal for sealing, and help disperse stress at the corresponding location of the lead-out hole, thereby reducing the risk of damage to battery functional components and busbar components.

[0043] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 4 g / mol to 4×10 6 g / mol.

[0044] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the second seal is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 3 g / mol to 2×10 6 g / mol.

[0045] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module, including one or more photovoltaic devices according to any embodiment of the first aspect of this application or photovoltaic devices prepared by the preparation method according to any embodiment of the second aspect of this application.

[0046] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a power generation device including a photovoltaic module as described in any embodiment of the third aspect of this application.

[0047] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device including a photovoltaic module as described in any embodiment of the third aspect of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the first sealing element provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic device provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery functional components of a photovoltaic device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0054] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery functional components of a photovoltaic device provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic device in an unlaminated state according to some embodiments of this application.

[0056] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0057] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0058] The accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0059] In the figures, the following labels are used: X, thickness direction; Y, first direction; 1, photovoltaic device; 10, battery functional component; 11, first electrode; 12, electron transport layer; 13, photoelectric conversion layer; 14, hole transport layer; 15, second electrode; 16, electrode layer; 20, cover assembly; 21, cover body; 22, lead-out hole; 221, first through hole; 222, second through hole; 223, hole wall; 30, sealing assembly; 31, first seal; 311, body part; 312, protrusion; 32, second seal; 40, busbar assembly; 401, first connection part; 402, second connection part; 41, positive electrode busbar; 42, negative electrode busbar; 50, insulating assembly; 51, first insulating part; 52, second insulating part; 61, first sealing source; 62, second sealing source; 70, substrate; 2. Photovoltaic modules; 3. Electrical appliances. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The following detailed description discloses embodiments of the photovoltaic device, its fabrication method, photovoltaic module, power generation device, and power consumption device of this application. However, unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repetitive descriptions of practically identical structures may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessarily lengthy descriptions and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand this application and are not intended to limit the subject matter of the claims.

[0061] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined by a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, which define the boundaries of a particular range. Ranges defined in this way can include or exclude endpoints and can be arbitrarily combined; that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a specific parameter, it is expected that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also included. Furthermore, if minimum range values ​​of 1 and 2 are listed, and if maximum range values ​​of 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "ab" represents a shortened representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article; "0-5" is simply a shortened representation of these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is stated as an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0062] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0063] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application may be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0064] Unless otherwise specified, all steps in this application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, if the method includes steps a and b, it means that the method may include steps a and b performed sequentially, or it may include steps b and a performed sequentially. For example, if the method may also include step c, it means that step c may be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps a, b, and c, or it may include steps a, c, and b, or it may include steps c, a, and b, etc.

[0065] In this application, the term "implementation" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an implementation may be included in at least one implementation of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same implementation, nor is it a separate or alternative implementation mutually exclusive with other implementations.

[0066] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0067] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0068] In the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals denote the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of various components in the embodiments of this application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of the integrated device, are merely illustrative and should not constitute any limitation on this application.

[0069] Photovoltaic devices mainly refer to solar cells. Solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy. Their working process mainly includes: exciton generation and separation, free carrier transport, carrier collection, and current generation. Specifically, in a solar cell, sunlight is absorbed by the photoelectric conversion layer, which absorbs photons and generates excitons. Due to the low Coulomb force binding of the photoelectric conversion layer, the excitons subsequently separate into free electrons and holes. The separated free carriers are transported within the photoelectric conversion layer and then through the transport layer. The electrons and holes transported through the transport layer are collected by electrodes to form a current.

[0070] Functional materials in photovoltaic devices, such as perovskite materials, are prone to decomposition and becoming ineffective components under the erosion of water and / or oxygen, which leads to a significant reduction in the performance and stability of the device and reduces its energy conversion efficiency.

[0071] Barriering against water and oxygen is an important means to improve the stability of photovoltaic devices. In related technologies, gaskets are usually used for this purpose. The gaskets are located below the lead-out holes and above the functional components of the photovoltaic device. The excess adhesive from the gaskets can be used to plug the holes, which are used to lead out the busbars. However, when the gasket is too thin, its ability to block water and oxygen is poor. When the gasket is too thick, it may cause a large force on the functional components at the gasket location, resulting in stress concentration, which may accelerate the decomposition of the perovskite material in the functional components and affect the stability of the device.

[0072] In view of the above problems, this application proposes a photovoltaic device. By leading out a sealing component in the photovoltaic device, a part of the sealing component blocks the lead-out hole, and another part is located between the lead-out hole and the battery functional component. Through the cooperation of the two parts, it can effectively prevent external water and oxygen from corroding the battery functional component. It can also reduce the thickness of the sealing component between the lead-out hole and the battery functional component, alleviate the stress concentration problem of the battery functional component, and further improve the stability of the battery functional component, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0073] Photovoltaic devices

[0074] In a first aspect, this application proposes a photovoltaic device.

[0075] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the photovoltaic device 1 includes a battery functional component 10, a cover assembly 20, a sealing assembly 30, and a current collector assembly 40. The battery functional component 10 includes an electrode layer 16 and a photoelectric conversion layer 13 stacked along its own thickness direction X. The cover assembly 20 includes a cover body 21 and an outlet hole 22 disposed on the cover body 21, and the cover body 21 covers the battery functional component 10. The sealing assembly 30 includes a first sealing element 31 and a second sealing element 32, and the first sealing element 31 is disposed at least in the outlet hole 22. Inside, the second seal 32 is disposed between the cover assembly 20 and the battery functional assembly 10, and is disposed at least opposite to the outlet hole 22; the busbar assembly 40 is connected to the electrode layer 16, and the busbar assembly 40 extends along the thickness direction X through the first seal 31 and through the outlet hole 22 to the side of the cover body 21 away from the battery functional assembly 10, wherein the first seal 31 seals and connects the busbar assembly 40 and the hole wall 223 of the outlet hole 22, and the second seal 32 seals and connects the first seal 31 and the battery functional assembly 10.

[0076] A sealed connection refers to the tight contact between two or more components through a seal, which reduces the risk of water and oxygen intruding from the joint surface of the two components. The first seal 31 seals the manifold assembly 40 and the hole wall 223 of the outlet hole 22, ensuring tight contact between the manifold assembly 40 and the hole wall 223. The second seal 32 seals the first seal 31 and the battery functional component 10, ensuring a tight connection between the first seal 31 and the battery functional component 10.

[0077] The sealing assembly 30 of this application includes a first sealing member 31 and a second sealing member 32. The first sealing member 31 can seal the outlet hole 22, and the second sealing member 32 can further seal the cover assembly 20 and the battery functional assembly 10. The first sealing member 31 and the second sealing member 32 work together to extend the erosion path of water and oxygen in the thickness direction X, reducing the risk of water and oxygen erosion of the battery functional assembly 10. Secondly, the second sealing member 32 is located between the cover assembly 20 and the battery functional assembly 10, which can further alleviate the erosion of water and oxygen in the vertical direction of the thickness direction X, further reduce the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the battery functional assembly 10, and improve the stability of the battery functional assembly 10.

[0078] The combined use of the first seal 31 and the second seal 32 can effectively reduce the thickness of the sealing component 30 located between the cover assembly 20 and the battery functional component 10, alleviate the stress concentration problem caused by the sealing component 30 to the battery functional component 10, further improve the stability of the battery functional component 10, and improve the device stability and device quality of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0079] [Sealing assembly]

[0080] The sealing component 30 can effectively block the risk of water and oxygen intrusion and improve the device stability of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0081] In some embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the sealing component 30 is ≤0.5 g / (m²). 2 ·day), for example 0.5g / (m 2 ·day), 0.45g / (m 2 ·day), 0.4g / (m 2 ·day), 0.35g / (m 2 ·day), 0.30g / (m 2 ·day), 0.25g / (m 2 ·day), 0.20g / (m 2 ·day), 0.15g / (m 2 ·day), 0.10g / (m 2 ·day), 0.05g / (m 2 •day) or a range consisting of any two of the above values. When the sealing component 30 meets the above range, it can effectively reduce the risk of water vapor intrusion.

[0082] In some embodiments, the oxygen permeability (OTR) of the sealing assembly 30 is ≤60 cc / (m²). 2 ·day), for example 60cc / (m 2 ·day), 55cc / (m 2 ·day), 50cc / (m2 ·day), 45cc / (m 2 ·day), 40cc / (m 2 ·day), 35cc / (m 2 ·day), 30cc / (m 2 ·day), 25cc / (m 2 ·day), 20cc / (m 2 ·day), 15cc / (m 2 ·day), 10cc / (m 2 ·day), 5cc / (m 2 •day) or a range consisting of any two of the above values. When the sealing component 30 meets the above range, it can effectively reduce the risk of oxygen intrusion.

[0083] The WVTR and OTR of the sealing component 30 can be tested using methods and equipment known in the art. The photovoltaic device 30 is disassembled, re-mixed, and molded into 10 uniform 2mm thick sheets. Five samples are used to test the water vapor transmission rate. Following the method in GB / T 26253, a MOCON PERMATRAN-W 3 / 34G is used as the testing equipment, with the high humidity chamber temperature set at 23℃ and the relative humidity at 100% RH. The average test result is taken. The other five samples are used to test the oxygen transmission rate. Following the method in GB / T 19789-2021, a MOCON OX-TRAN 2 / 28H is used as the testing equipment, with the oxygen chamber temperature set at 23℃, the pressure at 1 atm, and the oxygen concentration at 100%. The average test result is taken.

[0084] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first sealant 31 is greater than that of the second sealant 32. The relatively lower viscosity of the second sealant 32 facilitates flow and diffusion during lamination, which helps to disperse stress at the location corresponding to the lead-out hole 22 and reduces the risk of damage to the battery functional component 10 and the busbar component 40. The relatively higher viscosity of the first sealant 31 prevents excessive adhesive overflow, effectively sealing the lead-out hole 22 and further improving stress dispersion at the location corresponding to the lead-out hole 22, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0085] Optionally, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first seal 31 is from 15000 Pa·s to 30000 Pa·s, and more preferably from 20000 Pa·s to 25000 Pa·s. Exemplarily, the viscosity of the first seal 31 is 15000 Pa·s, 16000 Pa·s, 17000 Pa·s, 18000 Pa·s, 19000 Pa·s, 20000 Pa·s, 21000 Pa·s, 22000 Pa·s, 23000 Pa·s, 24000 Pa·s, 25000 Pa·s, 26000 Pa·s, 27000 Pa·s, 28000 Pa·s, 29000 Pa·s, 30000 Pa·s, or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0086] Optionally, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the second seal 32 is from 8600 Pa·s to 12000 Pa·s, and more preferably from 8800 Pa·s to 9500 Pa·s. Exemplarily, the viscosity of the second seal 32 is 8600 Pa·s, 8700 Pa·s, 8800 Pa·s, 8900 Pa·s, 9000 Pa·s, 9100 Pa·s, 9200 Pa·s, 9500 Pa·s, 9800 Pa·s, 10000 Pa·s, 11000 Pa·s, 11500 Pa·s, 12000 Pa·s, or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0087] The viscosity of the first seal 31 and the second seal 32 can be tested using methods and equipment known in the art. The first seal 31 and the second seal 32 of the photovoltaic device 1 are disassembled, and the disassembled material of the first seal 31 or the second seal 32 is prepared into a 2mm thick sheet using a flat vulcanizing machine. The sheet is then prepared into a 20mm diameter circular sample using a punch or scissors. A rheometer AR2000EX manufactured by TA Instruments is used as the testing equipment, and a 25mm stainless steel parallel plate is used as the test fixture. The distance between the two parallel plates is 2mm. The sample is placed in the fixture, and the test temperature is set to 180℃. The sample temperature is raised to 180℃ by the fixture. The viscosity is tested at a shear rate of 5Hz. The test result is the average of the test results of five samples.

[0088] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the first seal 31 is greater than or equal to the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the second seal 32.

[0089] The second seal 32 has a relatively low weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of its main material, making it easier to spread and diffuse during lamination. This allows it to work in conjunction with the first seal 31 for sealing, and also helps to disperse stress at the location corresponding to the lead-out hole 22, reducing the risk of damage to the battery functional component 10 and the busbar component 40. The first seal 31 has a relatively high weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of its main material, preventing excessive adhesive overflow. In addition to effectively sealing the lead-out hole 22, it further improves stress dispersion at the location corresponding to the lead-out hole 22, thus improving the stability of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0090] Optionally, the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the first seal 31 is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 4 g / mol to 4×10 6 g / mol, for example 2×10 4 g / mol, 5×10 4 g / mol, 1×10 5 g / mol, 5×10 5 g / mol, 1×10 6 g / mol, 2×10 6 g / mol, 4×10 6 g / mol or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0091] Optionally, the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the second seal 32 is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 3 g / mol to 2×10 6 g / mol, for example 5 × 10 3 g / mol, 1×10 4 g / mol, 2×10 4 g / mol, 5×10 4 g / mol, 1×10 5 g / mol, 5×10 5 g / mol, 1×10 6 g / mol, 2×10 6 g / mol or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0092] The weight-average molecular weight of the main materials in the first seal 31 and the second seal 32 can be tested using methods and equipment known in the art. The first seal 31 and the second seal 32 of the photovoltaic device 1 are disassembled and dissolved overnight in an ultrasonic oscillator at 60°C using chloroform as a solvent. After standing for 2 hours, the supernatant is collected. A standard curve is determined using volumetric extrusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with small-angle laser light scattering (SALLS), with monodisperse PMMA as a standard, to establish the relationship between molecular weight and retention time. The supernatant is then injected into the SEC system to obtain the retention time distribution curve. By comparing this curve with the standard curve, the molecular weight distribution can be obtained. Finally, the weight-average molecular weight is calculated using the absolute molecular weight information obtained from SALLS.

[0093] In some embodiments, the main material of the first seal 31 includes one or more of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, unsaturated butyl rubber, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, such as butyl rubber mainly composed of polyisobutylene and polyisoprene. In the embodiments of this application, the main material of the first seal 31 refers to the material with the highest mass content in the first seal 31.

[0094] The first sealing element 31 may also include, but is not limited to, one or more functional additives such as fillers, tackifiers, desiccants, and antioxidants. All of the above functional additives may be materials commonly used in the art, wherein: fillers include, but are not limited to, one or more of carbon black, titanium dioxide, alumina, talc, calcium carbonate, silicon, silica, and silicates; tackifiers may include, but are not limited to, alkyl long-chain resins modified with polysiloxane functional groups; desiccants may include, but are not limited to, one or more of calcium oxide, anhydrous calcium chloride, and molecular sieves; and antioxidants may include, but are not limited to, one or more of common antioxidants such as hindered phenols, thioethers, mercapto compounds, phospholipids, hindered amines, and benzotriazoles.

[0095] In some embodiments, the main material of the second seal 32 includes one or more of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, unsaturated butyl rubber, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, such as butyl rubber mainly composed of polyisobutylene and polyisoprene. In the embodiments of this application, the main material of the second seal 32 refers to the material with the highest mass content in the second seal 32.

[0096] The second sealing element 32 may also include, but is not limited to, one or more functional additives such as fillers, tackifiers, desiccants, and antioxidants. All of the above functional additives may be materials commonly used in the art, wherein: fillers include, but are not limited to, one or more of carbon black, titanium dioxide, alumina, talc, calcium carbonate, silicon, silica, and silicates; tackifiers may include, but are not limited to, alkyl long-chain resins modified with polysiloxane functional groups; desiccants may include, but are not limited to, one or more of calcium oxide, anhydrous calcium chloride, and molecular sieves; and antioxidants may include, but are not limited to, one or more of common antioxidants such as hindered phenols, thioethers, mercapto compounds, phospholipids, hindered amines, and benzotriazoles.

[0097] The difference in viscosity, etc., of the first seal 31 and the second seal 32 can be achieved by adjusting the mass ratio of the main material, the mass ratio and type of the functional additives, etc. Specifically, methods known in the art can be used for adjustment, and are not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0098] In some embodiments, the dimension of the first sealing element 31 along the thickness direction X is 3mm to 5mm, optionally 3.4mm to 4.5mm. Exemplarily, the dimension of the first sealing element 31 along the thickness direction X is 3mm, 3.1mm, 3.2mm, 3.3mm, 3.4mm, 3.5mm, 3.6mm, 3.7mm, 3.8mm, 3.9mm, 4.0mm, 4.1mm, 4.2mm, 4.3mm, 4.4mm, 4.5mm, 4.6mm, 4.7mm, 4.8mm, 4.9mm, 5mm, or any combination of two of the above values. When the dimension of the first sealing element 31 along the thickness direction X is within the above range, it can effectively block the intrusion of water and oxygen along the thickness direction X, improving the stability of the photovoltaic device 1. L1 shown in Figure 2 represents the dimension of the first sealing element 31 along the thickness direction X.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first seal 31 includes a body portion 311 and a protrusion 312. The body portion 311 is disposed within the outlet hole 22; the protrusion 312 is disposed outside the outlet hole 22 and connected to the side of the body portion 311 opposite to the battery functional assembly 10; the busbar assembly 40 penetrates the body portion 311 and the protrusion 312 along the thickness direction X, and extends to the side of the protrusion 312 opposite to the battery functional assembly 10. The cooperation of the body portion 311 and the protrusion 312 can enhance the water and oxygen barrier capability of the first seal 31. In other embodiments, the first seal 31 can be the body portion 31.

[0100] Optionally, the protrusion 312 is sealed to the side of the cover body 21 away from the battery functional component 10. Through the sealed connection between the protrusion 312 and the cover body 21, the sealing capability of the first seal 31 can be further improved.

[0101] Optionally, the dimension of the body portion 311 along the thickness direction X is 3mm to 4.5mm, and can be selected as 3.2mm to 4mm, for example 3mm, 3.1mm, 3.2mm, 3.3mm, 3.4mm, 3.5mm, 3.6mm, 3.7mm, 3.8mm, 3.9mm, 4mm, 4.1mm, 4.2mm, 4.3mm, 4.4mm, 4.5mm, or any range of two of the above values. The L shown in Figure 2... 11 This indicates the dimension of the body part 311 along the thickness direction X.

[0102] Optionally, the protrusion 312 has a dimension of 0.2 mm to 1 mm along the thickness direction X, and can be selected as 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, for example 0.2 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.23 mm, 0.24 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.26 mm, 0.27 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.29 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.31 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.33 mm, 0.34 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.36 mm, 0.37 mm. The values ​​are m, 0.38mm, 0.39mm, 0.4mm, 0.41mm, 0.42mm, 0.43mm, 0.44mm, 0.45mm, 0.46mm, 0.47mm, 0.48mm, 0.49mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm, 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.7mm, 0.75mm, 0.8mm, 0.85mm, 0.9mm, 0.95mm, 1mm, or a range consisting of any two of the above values. L is shown in Figure 2. 12 This indicates the dimension of the protrusion 312 along the thickness direction X.

[0103] In some embodiments, the dimension of the second seal 32 along the thickness direction X is 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm, optionally 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. For example, the dimension of the second seal 32 along the thickness direction X is 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or any combination of two of the above values. When the dimension of the second seal 32 along the thickness direction X is within the above range, it can effectively block the intrusion of water and oxygen along the thickness direction X, and also block the intrusion of water and oxygen perpendicular to the thickness direction X, thus improving the stability of the photovoltaic device 1. In Figure 1, L2 represents the dimension of the second seal 32 along the thickness direction X. Since the second seal 32 undergoes flow diffusion during lamination, it may result in uneven thickness. The dimension of the second seal 32 along the thickness direction X can be calculated by taking multiple locations of the second seal 32, such as 10 locations, and calculating the average thickness as the dimension of the second seal 32 along the thickness direction X.

[0104] In some embodiments, the second seal 32 can be a sheet-like structure, which can be a continuous structure or multiple discontinuous sheet-like structures. A sheet-like structure can be understood as having a thickness dimension X much smaller than its dimensions in other directions. While blocking water and oxygen, the sheet-like structure is relatively thin, which can alleviate the stress concentration problem of the second seal 32 on the battery functional component 10. The second seal 32 can be of uniform thickness or of non-uniform thickness.

[0105] The second seal 32 can be located between the busbar assembly 40 and the battery functional assembly 10, or between the busbar assembly 40 and the cover assembly 20. The second seal 32 can play a further sealing role, further reduce the risk of water and oxygen erosion to the battery functional assembly 10, and improve the stability of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0106] The second seal 32 is disposed opposite to the outlet hole 22. Optionally, the second seal 32 can also be connected to a part of the cover body 21. Specifically, the second seal 32 is disposed opposite to the outlet hole 22, and the second seal 32 extends along the first direction Y and covers a part of the cover body 21. The first direction Y is parallel to the direction from the outlet hole 22 to the edge of the cover body 21, and the first direction Y is perpendicular to the thickness direction X. The second seal 32 can not only block water and oxygen in the thickness direction X, but also block water and oxygen in the first direction Y, further enhancing the protection of the battery functional component 10 and improving the stability of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0107] [Bus Component]

[0108] The busbar assembly 40 is used to introduce or draw current into the battery function assembly 10.

[0109] As shown in Figure 3, in some embodiments, the combiner assembly 40 includes a first connecting portion 401 and a second connecting portion 402. The first connecting portion 401 penetrates the first sealing member 31 along the thickness direction X. The second connecting portion 402 is connected to the first connecting portion 401 and is also connected to the electrode layer 16. The second connecting portion 402 is located between the first sealing member 31 and the battery functional assembly 10. The end of the second connecting portion 402 facing the first connecting portion 401 is connected to the second sealing member 32. The first sealing member 31 mainly seals the first connecting portion 401, and the second sealing member 32 mainly seals the second connecting portion 402. Through the sealing effect of the first sealing member 31 and the second sealing member 32, the risk of water and oxygen intrusion through the combiner assembly 40 can be effectively reduced, thus improving the stability of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0110] When the busbar assembly 40 includes a positive busbar 41 and a negative busbar 42, both the positive busbar 41 and the negative busbar 42 may include a first connecting portion 401 and a second connecting portion 402.

[0111] Optionally, at least a portion of the second seal 32 is located on the side of the second connection 402 facing the battery functional assembly 10. Due to the flowability of the second seal 32 during the lamination process, a portion of the second seal 32 is located on the side of the second connection 402 facing the battery functional assembly 10, while the other portion is connected to the first seal 31. Of course, the second seal 32 may also be entirely located on the side of the second connection 402 facing the battery functional assembly 10, with both sides of the busbar assembly 40 sealed by the first seal 31 and the second seal 32, respectively.

[0112] Optionally, the second seal 32 is located on the side of the second connection 402 opposite to the battery functional assembly 10.

[0113] The bus assembly 40 may include a positive bus 41 and a negative bus 42, wherein the positive bus 41 is configured to be electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative bus 42 is configured to be electrically connected to the negative terminal.

[0114] The electrode layer 16 of the battery functional component 10 includes a first electrode 11 and a second electrode 15. One of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 15 is a positive electrode, and the other is a negative electrode. For example, the first electrode 11 is a positive electrode and the second electrode 15 is a negative electrode; or, for another example, the first electrode 11 is a negative electrode and the second electrode 15 is a positive electrode. The positive electrode bus 41 is connected to the first electrode 11 to achieve an electrical connection for drawing out one end of the current. The negative electrode bus 42 is connected to the second electrode 15 to achieve an electrical connection for drawing out the other end of the current.

[0115] Corresponding to the positive electrode busbar 41 and the negative electrode busbar 42, the lead-out hole 22 includes a first through hole 221 and a second through hole 222. The positive electrode busbar 41 is led out through the first through hole 221, and the negative electrode busbar 42 is led out through the second through hole 222.

[0116] The materials of the positive electrode bus 41 and the negative electrode bus 42 may include materials commonly used in the art, and are not limited in this embodiment. For example, the materials of the positive electrode bus 41 and the negative electrode bus 42 may each independently include one or more of copper, aluminum, tin, and silver.

[0117] [Cover assembly]

[0118] The cover assembly 20 is used to encapsulate the battery functional component 10 and can protect the battery functional component 10 from damage by external foreign objects.

[0119] In some embodiments, the cover assembly 20 may include a cover plate, the material of which includes one or more of tempered glass, polyacrylic resin, fluorinated ethylene propylene, transparent polyester, and polycarbonate. The cover plate has high light transmittance and high mechanical strength, is not easily damaged, and can effectively protect the battery functional components 10.

[0120] In some embodiments, the outlet hole 22 includes a first through hole 221 and a second through hole 222, which are spaced apart. A first sealing element 31 is provided in both the first through hole 221 and the second through hole 222. The positive electrode busbar 41 passes through the first sealing element 31 located in the first through hole 221 along the thickness direction X, and the negative electrode busbar 42 passes through the first sealing element 31 located in the second through hole 222 along the thickness direction X.

[0121] The positive electrode busbar 41 is sealed to the wall 223 of the first through hole 221 through the first sealing member 31, and the negative electrode busbar 42 is sealed to the wall 223 of the second through hole 222 through the second sealing member 32.

[0122] In some embodiments, the second seal 32 covers the first through hole 221 and the second through hole 222. The second seal 32 can be a continuous structure, and the second seal 32 with the same sheet structure can seal both the first through hole 221 and the second through hole 222 simultaneously. Of course, the second seal 32 can also be a discontinuous structure. For example, two second seals 32 can be provided, one of which is disposed opposite to the first through hole 221 and the other is disposed opposite to the second through hole 222.

[0123] [Insulation components]

[0124] As shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic device 1 further includes an insulating component 50, which is stacked between the battery functional component 10 and the current collector component 40. The insulating component 50 can isolate the battery functional component 10 and the current collector component 40, reducing short circuits between sub-cells in the battery functional component; and the insulating component 50 can further mitigate the risk of water and oxygen intrusion.

[0125] In some embodiments, the insulating component 50 includes a first insulating portion 51 and a second insulating portion 52 connected to each other, the second insulating portion 52 being disposed opposite to the second seal 32 along the thickness direction X, and the dimension of the second insulating portion 52 along the thickness direction X being smaller than the dimension of the first insulating portion 51 along the thickness direction X.

[0126] For example, the insulating component 50 includes an adhesive film. The second insulating portion 52 of the adhesive film has a smaller dimension along the thickness direction X than the first insulating portion 51. The cooperation between the second insulating portion 52 and the second sealing member 32 makes the stress on the battery functional component 10 at that location basically the same as the stress on the battery functional component 10 corresponding to the first insulating portion 51, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration on the battery functional component 10.

[0127] During the lamination process, the second seal 32 may undergo flow-spreading, and the adhesive film may also undergo flow-spreading. The second seal 32 may compress the adhesive film, making the adhesive film at the position corresponding to the second seal 32 thinner, thereby ensuring that the overall thickness of the second seal 32 and the adhesive film at that location is not too thick, reducing the stress on the battery functional component 10.

[0128] For example, the material of the adhesive film may include one or more of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), ethylene-octene copolymer (POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The adhesive film provides structural bonding to improve the mechanical properties of the component, also offers some moisture barrier properties to enhance component stability, and can utilize its high volume resistivity to improve the component's resistance to PID (Potentially Irritable Component Degradation). In short, it effectively protects the battery functional components.

[0129] When the insulating assembly 50 includes an adhesive film, it also includes an insulating layer, which can be an insulating tape. Insulating tape is not easily heat-melted. Optionally, the insulating layer can be located between the adhesive film and the busbar assembly 40.

[0130] For example, the material of the insulating tape may include one or more of polyimide (PI) tape, polyester tape, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tape.

[0131] When the insulating component 50 includes an adhesive film, the busbar component 40 is also covered with an insulating layer, allowing indirect contact between the busbar component 40 and the adhesive film, thus reducing the risk of short circuits. The insulating layer may be made of a polymer insulating material, such as polyimide (PI).

[0132] In other embodiments, the insulating component further includes an insulating layer, which may be insulating tape.

[0133] [Battery Function Components]

[0134] The photoelectric conversion layer 13 includes, but is not limited to, materials such as perovskite, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, and copper indium gallium selenide. Optionally, the photoelectric conversion layer 13 includes perovskite materials.

[0135] When perovskite materials absorb photons, they generate electron-hole pairs. These charges are easily separated by an external electric field. The separated electrons and holes flow to different electrode layers, forming a photocurrent.

[0136] Perovskite materials

[0137] Perovskite materials refer to compounds with a perovskite structure. Perovskite materials include one or more compounds with the molecular formula ABX3 or M2CDN6, where A, B, M, C, and D are cations, and X and N are anions.

[0138] Taking ABX3 as an example, in an ideal cubic crystal structure, the B cation has 6 times coordination and is surrounded by an anion octahedron, while the A cation has 12 times cubic octahedron coordination. The cubic unit cell of this compound consists of the A cation located at the cubic corner, the B cation located at the body center, and the X anion located at the face center. Vacancy defects may exist at the X site, forming bulk defects; the X anion at the corresponding X site may not be coordinated and may migrate, potentially causing defects on the surface or grain boundaries of the perovskite crystal. In this embodiment, a passivation material is also provided in the photoelectric conversion layer 13. The passivation material can effectively passivate defects in the perovskite material, improve the crystallinity and optical performance of the photoelectric conversion layer 13, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0139] In some implementations, A and M each independently include Li. + Na + K + 、Rb + Cs + One or more of the following: methylamine cation, dimethylamine cation, ethylamine cation, propylamine cation, butylamine cation, pentamine cation, hexamine cation, formamidin cation, or imidazole cation.

[0140] In some embodiments, B includes a divalent cation of one or more elements selected from lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, or europium.

[0141] In some implementations, X and N each independently include F. - Cl - ,Br - or I - One or more of them.

[0142] In some implementations, C includes Cs + Ag + K + Or Ru + One or more of them.

[0143] In some implementations, D includes Bi.3+ Ni 3+ Fe 3+ Sb 3+ In 3+ or Cu 3+ One or more of them.

[0144] For example, perovskite materials include CH8I3N2Pb (FAPbI3) and Cs. 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 3. One or more of CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, CsFAPbI3, and MAFAPbI3, wherein MA + The methylamine cation CH3NH3 + FA represents formamidinium cation ((NH2)2CH + ).

[0145] In some embodiments, the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 13 is between 200 nm and 1000 nm, for example, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, or any combination of two of the above values. When the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 13 is within the above range, the photoelectric conversion function of the photoelectric conversion layer 13 can be effectively utilized, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0146] Electron transport layer

[0147] In some embodiments, the battery functional component further includes an electron transport layer disposed on one side of the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0148] As a type of transport layer, the electron transport layer can effectively transport electrons, reduce carrier recombination at the interface between the photoelectric conversion layer and the electron transport layer, and improve the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices.

[0149] The electron transport layer may include an electron transport material, which may include one or more of doped or undoped tin oxide, doped or undoped titanium oxide, doped or undoped zinc oxide, or doped or undoped organic molecular materials. The doping element may include one or more of Mg, Zn, Ag, Li, Rb, Ta, and Nb, for example, by doping with chlorides of the above elements. Specifically, the electron transport material may include [6,6]-phenylC 61 Methyl butyrate (PC61BM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71One or more of the following: methyl butyrate PC71BM, fullerene C60, fullerene C70, tin dioxide SnO2, and zinc oxide ZnO.

[0150] Hole transport layer

[0151] In some embodiments, the battery functional component further includes a hole transport layer disposed on the other side of the photoelectric conversion layer and on the side of the photoelectric conversion layer opposite to the electron transport layer.

[0152] As a transport layer, the hole transport layer can effectively transport holes, reduce carrier recombination at the interface between the photoelectric conversion layer and the hole transport layer, and improve the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

[0153] The hole transport layer includes a hole transport material, which is one or more of the following materials and their derivatives, or materials obtained by doping or passivation: poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]PTAA, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonic acid PEDOT:PSS, 2,2',7,7'-tetratetra[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirodifluoreneSpiro-OMeTAD, poly-3-hexylthiophene P3HT, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidinium, and triphenylene-based triphenylene oxide. The amine is selected from at least one of the following: amine H101, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine EDOT-OMeTPA, N-4-anilinecarbazole-spirobisfluorene CzPAF-SBF, polythiophene, phosphonic acid monomolecule, carboxylic acid monomolecule, carbazole monomolecule, sulfonic acid monomolecule, triphenylamine monomolecule, aromatic monomolecule, metal oxide, and cuprous thiocyanate, wherein the metal oxide contains one or more of the following metal elements: Ni, Mo, and Cu, such as one or more of the following: nickel oxide NiOx, molybdenum oxide MoO3, cuprous iodide CuI, and cuprous oxide CuO.

[0154] First electrode

[0155] In some embodiments, the battery functional component includes a first electrode located on the side of the electron transport layer opposite to the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0156] The electrode material in the first electrode includes organic, inorganic, or mixed organic-inorganic conductive materials. Organic conductive materials include conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT, polythiophene, polyacetylene, etc. Inorganic conductive materials include one or more of transparent conductive oxides, metals, carbon derivatives, etc. Among them, transparent conductive oxides include one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and zinc gallium oxide (GZO). Metals include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following materials: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and platinum.

[0157] Second electrode

[0158] In some embodiments, the battery functional component further includes a second electrode located on the side of the hole transport layer opposite to the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0159] The electrode material in the second electrode includes organic, inorganic, or mixed organic-inorganic conductive materials. Organic conductive materials include conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT, polythiophene, polyacetylene, etc. Inorganic conductive materials include one or more of transparent conductive oxides, metals, carbon derivatives, etc. Among them, transparent conductive oxides include one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and zinc gallium oxide (GZO). Metals include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following materials: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and platinum.

[0160] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device may further include a substrate 70, on which the battery functional component 10 is disposed. The substrate is used to support the battery functional component, and the substrate may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. For example, the material of the rigid substrate may be transparent rigid glass, double-polished sapphire, etc., and the material of the flexible substrate may be one or more of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone resin, etc.

[0161] As a specific embodiment of this application, the photovoltaic device 1 includes a battery functional component 10, a cover assembly 20, a sealing assembly 30, and a current collector assembly 40. The battery functional component 10 includes an electrode layer 16 and a photoelectric conversion layer 13 stacked along its own thickness direction X. The cover assembly 20 includes a cover body 21 and an outlet hole 22 disposed in the cover body 21, and the cover body 21 covers the battery functional component 10. The sealing assembly 30 includes a first sealing member 31 and a second sealing member 32. The first sealing member 31 is at least disposed in the outlet hole 22, and the second sealing member 32 is disposed in the cover assembly 20 and the current collector assembly 40. The battery functional components 10 are arranged between each other and at least opposite to the outlet hole 22; the busbar assembly 40 is connected to the electrode layer 16, and the busbar assembly 40 extends through the first seal 31 along the thickness direction X and extends to the side of the cover body 21 away from the battery functional components 10. The first seal 31 seals the connection between the busbar assembly 40 and the hole wall 223 of the outlet hole 22, and the second seal 32 seals the connection between the first seal 31 and the battery functional components 10. At 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first seal 31 is greater than the viscosity of the second seal 32. The second seal 32 has a sheet-like structure.

[0162] The photovoltaic device 1 in this application is a battery based on the photovoltaic effect, such as a solar cell, which can efficiently convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0163] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device 1 can be a single-junction solar cell, such as a perovskite solar cell.

[0164] In other embodiments, the photovoltaic device 1 can be a tandem solar cell. A tandem solar cell, by connecting a wide-bandgap cell and a narrow-bandgap cell in series, can more efficiently utilize photons across the entire spectrum and reduce energy loss. Specifically, the tandem solar cell includes a bottom cell and a top cell, with the bottom cell having a relatively narrow bandgap and the top cell having a relatively wide bandgap. The tandem solar cell can include either a crystalline silicon perovskite tandem solar cell or a full perovskite solar cell. A crystalline silicon perovskite tandem solar cell includes silicon cells and perovskite solar cells. Exemplarily, the aforementioned crystalline silicon perovskite tandem solar cell can include a crystalline silicon bottom cell and a perovskite top cell stacked sequentially, wherein the silicon cell has a relatively narrow bandgap and the perovskite solar cell has a relatively wide bandgap, and the perovskite solar cell can be used as the perovskite top cell in this crystalline silicon perovskite tandem solar cell. A full perovskite solar cell includes multiple perovskite solar cells, with the perovskite solar cells serving as both the bottom and top cells, and the bottom and top cells having different bandgap values. Exemplarily, the aforementioned full perovskite solar cell can include a first perovskite solar cell and a second perovskite solar cell stacked sequentially.

[0165] Furthermore, perovskite solar cells also include the aforementioned electron transport layer and hole transport layer.

[0166] Perovskite solar cells can be in a formal structure (nip) or an inverted structure (pin).

[0167] As shown in Figure 5, the functional component 10 of a perovskite solar cell includes a first electrode 11, an electron transport layer 12, a photoelectric conversion layer 13, a hole transport layer 14, and a second electrode 15, which are sequentially stacked along the thickness direction X. Optionally, a buffer layer, passivation layer, or other functional layer structures may be further included between the transport layer and the photoelectric conversion layer 13. Figure 5 shows the functional component 10 of a formal perovskite solar cell structure; the arrows in Figure 5 indicate the direction of incident light.

[0168] As shown in Figure 6, the functional component 10 of a perovskite solar cell includes a second electrode 15, a hole transport layer 14, a photoelectric conversion layer 13, an electron transport layer 12, and a first electrode 11, which are sequentially stacked along the thickness direction X. Optionally, a buffer layer, passivation layer, or other functional layer structures may be further included between the transport layer and the photoelectric conversion layer 13. Figure 6 shows the functional component 10 of an inverted perovskite solar cell; the arrows in Figure 6 indicate the direction of incident light.

[0169] The method for fabricating the photovoltaic device according to the embodiments of this application includes:

[0170] Step S100: Provide a battery functional component, which includes an electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer stacked along its own thickness direction;

[0171] Step S200: Cover the battery functional components with a cover assembly, the cover assembly including a cover body and an outlet hole disposed on the cover body;

[0172] Step S300: Provide a sealing source, which includes a first sealing source and a second sealing source. The first sealing source is at least disposed inside the lead-out hole, and the second sealing source is disposed between the cover assembly and the battery functional assembly, and covers the lead-out hole.

[0173] Step S400: A busbar assembly is provided, which is connected to the electrode layer. The busbar assembly extends through the first sealing source along the thickness direction and extends to the side of the cover body opposite to the battery functional components.

[0174] In step S500, the sealing source is heat-treated so that the first sealing source forms a first sealing element and seals the hole wall connecting the busbar assembly and the lead-out hole; the second sealing source forms a second sealing element and seals the first sealing element and the battery functional assembly to form a photovoltaic device.

[0175] When the first sealing source 61 is placed in the outlet hole 22, there may be a gap between the first sealing source 61 and the outlet hole 22 or there may be no gap; there may also be a gap between the first sealing source 61 and the manifold assembly 40 or there may be no gap.

[0176] As shown in Figure 7, the sealing source, such as the first sealing source 61, undergoes thermal melting and flow during the heat treatment process, such as lamination. The first sealing source 61 comes into contact with the hole wall 223 of the outlet hole 22 and can also come into contact with the busbar assembly 40. After the first sealing source 61 solidifies to form the first sealing element 31, it can seal the hole wall 223 of the outlet hole 22 and the busbar assembly 40. The second sealing source 62 flows and can come into contact with the first sealing source 61. Thus, after the second sealing source 62 solidifies to form the second sealing element 32, it seals the first sealing element 31 and the battery functional component 10.

[0177] In some embodiments, the first sealing source 61 can be laminated to form a protrusion 312 and a body portion 311. The body portion 311 is located inside the outlet hole 22 to seal the connection hole wall 223 and the busbar assembly 40. The protrusion 312 is located on the side of the cover body 21 away from the battery functional assembly 10.

[0178] Specifically, a portion of the first sealing source 61 is located inside the outlet hole 22, and another portion is located outside the outlet hole 22, for example, on the outside of the cover body 21. During the lamination process, the first sealing source 61 located inside the outlet hole 22 is heat-melted and seals the connecting hole wall 223 and the manifold assembly 40; the first sealing source 61 outside the outlet hole 22 can mainly form a protrusion 312, although a small portion of the material may also heat-melt and flow into the outlet hole 22.

[0179] The second sealing source 61 can be placed on the side of the busbar assembly 40 facing the battery function assembly 10, or it can be placed on the side of the busbar assembly 40 away from the battery function assembly 10.

[0180] The assembled components are then subjected to a hot-melt lamination process to form a photovoltaic device. Specific parameters for the lamination process can be selected based on conventional process parameters in the field and are not limited in this application.

[0181] As one specific embodiment of this application

[0182] The photoelectric conversion layer 13 is stacked on the electrode layer 16;

[0183] Before assembling the busbar assembly 40, the second sealing source 62 is placed on the side of the busbar assembly 40 facing the photoelectric conversion layer 13; or after assembling the busbar assembly 40, the second sealing source 62 is placed on the side of the busbar assembly 40 away from the photoelectric conversion layer 13.

[0184] Lay out the manifold assembly 40 and the cover assembly 20, place part of the first sealing source 61 into the outlet hole 22 of the cover assembly 20, and extend the manifold assembly 40 through the first sealing source 61 and out through the outlet hole 22;

[0185] The above components are placed in a laminator for lamination, and after lamination, a photovoltaic device is formed.

[0186] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the first sealing source 61 is greater than or equal to the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the second sealing source 62.

[0187] The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the main material in the second sealing source 62 is relatively small, making it easier to flow and diffuse during lamination. This facilitates sealing in conjunction with the first sealing element 31 and helps disperse stress at the location corresponding to the lead-out hole 22, reducing the risk of damage to the battery functional component 10 and the busbar component 40. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the first sealing element 31 is relatively large, preventing excessive adhesive overflow from the first sealing source 61. In addition to effectively sealing the lead-out hole 22, it further improves stress dispersion at the location corresponding to the lead-out hole 22, thus improving the stability of the photovoltaic device 1.

[0188] Optionally, the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the first sealing source 61 is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 4 g / mol to 4×10 6 g / mol, for example 2×10 4 g / mol, 5×10 4 g / mol, 1×10 5 g / mol, 5×10 5 g / mol, 1×10 6 g / mol, 2×10 6 g / mol, 4×10 6 g / mol or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0189] Optionally, the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the main material in the second sealing source 62 is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 3 g / mol to 2×10 6 g / mol, for example 5 × 10 3 g / mol, 1×10 4 g / mol, 2×10 4 g / mol, 5×10 4 g / mol, 1×10 5 g / mol, 5×10 5 g / mol, 1×10 6 g / mol, 2×10 6 g / mol or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0190] In some embodiments, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first sealing source is greater than that of the second sealing source. The relatively lower viscosity of the second sealing source facilitates its flow and diffusion during lamination, which helps to disperse stress at the corresponding location of the lead-out holes and reduces the risk of damage to the battery functional components and busbar components. The relatively higher viscosity of the first sealing source prevents excessive adhesive overflow, effectively sealing the lead-out holes and further improving stress dispersion at the corresponding location, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0191] Optionally, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first sealing source is from 15000 Pa·s to 30000 Pa·s, and more preferably from 20000 Pa·s to 25000 Pa·s. Exemplarily, the viscosity of the first sealing source is 15000 Pa·s, 16000 Pa·s, 17000 Pa·s, 18000 Pa·s, 19000 Pa·s, 20000 Pa·s, 21000 Pa·s, 22000 Pa·s, 23000 Pa·s, 24000 Pa·s, 25000 Pa·s, 26000 Pa·s, 27000 Pa·s, 28000 Pa·s, 29000 Pa·s, 30000 Pa·s, or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0192] Optionally, at 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the second sealing source is from 8600 Pa·s to 12000 Pa·s, and more preferably from 8800 Pa·s to 9500 Pa·s. Exemplarily, the viscosity of the second sealing source is 8600 Pa·s, 8700 Pa·s, 8800 Pa·s, 8900 Pa·s, 9000 Pa·s, 9100 Pa·s, 9200 Pa·s, 9500 Pa·s, 9800 Pa·s, 10000 Pa·s, 11000 Pa·s, 11500 Pa·s, 12000 Pa·s, or a range consisting of any two of the above values.

[0193] photovoltaic modules

[0194] Secondly, this application also provides a photovoltaic module.

[0195] As shown in Figure 8, the photovoltaic module 2 includes the photovoltaic device 1 of any embodiment of the first aspect of this application.

[0196] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 2 may include at least one photovoltaic device 1. For example, the photovoltaic module 2 may include one perovskite solar cell, or multiple perovskite solar cells. When the photovoltaic module 2 includes multiple perovskite solar cells, the multiple perovskite solar cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed configurations. A mixed configuration refers to multiple perovskite solar cells being divided into multiple groups, with each group internally connected in series, and then adjacent groups connected in parallel; or each group internally connected in parallel, and then adjacent groups connected in series. As shown in Figure 3, the photovoltaic module 2 includes at least one perovskite solar cell.

[0197] Power generation unit

[0198] Thirdly, the embodiments of this application also provide a power generation device, including a photovoltaic module of any embodiment of the second aspect of this application. By using the photovoltaic module, the transparency of the power generation device can be guaranteed, and the power generation device can have a high energy conversion efficiency, which can be applied to application scenarios that require both transparency and conductivity.

[0199] Electrical appliances

[0200] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide an electrical device.

[0201] As shown in Figure 9, the electrical device 3 includes a photovoltaic module 2 according to any embodiment of the second aspect of this application.

[0202] Photovoltaic module 2 can be powered by electrical device 3, or it can be used as an energy storage unit for photovoltaic module 2. Electrical device 3 can be, but is not limited to, mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0203] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an example electrical device 3. This electrical device 3 is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, etc. The electrical device 3 includes a photovoltaic module 2.

[0204] As another example, the electrical device 3 could be a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, etc.

[0205] Example

[0206] The following embodiments describe the disclosure of this application in more detail. These embodiments are merely illustrative, as various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the disclosure of this application. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following embodiments are based on weight, and all reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available or synthesized by conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing, and the instruments used in the embodiments are commercially available.

[0207] Example 1

[0208] In this embodiment, the perovskite solar cell includes a 500nm thick FTO transparent electrode layer, a 20nm thick nickel oxide hole transport layer, and a 500nm thick Cs oxide layer, which are sequentially stacked on a substrate glass. 0.05 FA 0.95The fabrication process involves three sub-cells: a PbI3 photoelectric conversion layer, a 20nm thick C60 electron transport layer, and a 100nm thick Cu back electrode layer. During fabrication, lines are scribed P1 (P1 line penetrates the FTO transparent electrode layer to the substrate surface), P2 (P2 line scribes from the electron transport layer surface through the electron transport layer and photoelectric conversion layer to the upper surface of the hole transport layer), and P3 (P3 line scribes from the back electrode layer surface through the back electrode layer, electron transport layer, photoelectric conversion layer, and hole transport layer to the upper surface of the FTO electrode layer). These sub-cells are then connected in series to form a module. The subsequent encapsulation step is then performed.

[0209] Step 1: Use a laser edge cleaner to clean an area of ​​about 12mm wide around the component for use as edge sealant.

[0210] Step 2: Perpendicular to the extension direction of the sub-cell, attach a 7mm wide PI double-sided tape as an insulating layer. Attach 5mm wide and 0.1mm thick copper strips to the positive and negative electrodes of the Cu back electrode layer, respectively. Above the insulating layer, extend a 5mm wide and 0.1mm thick copper strip from the positive and negative electrodes as a busbar, bending it upwards directly below the opening of the cover glass.

[0211] Step 3: Apply a 7.5mm wide and 0.8mm thick butyl edge sealant to the center of the 12mm wide edge cleaning area mentioned in Step 1 on the outer edge of the Cu back electrode layer, leaving some space for excess sealant.

[0212] Step 4: Place a rectangular TPO film with a thickness of 0.45 mm covering the entire back electrode on the surface of the Cu back electrode layer, matching the opening position of the cover glass. Use a hole punch to make a through hole with a diameter of 6 mm on the TPO film (adhesive film), so that the copper strip bent upward in step 2 passes through the through hole.

[0213] Step 5: Using a blade, make a 6mm long slit in the corresponding position of the low-viscosity second seal with a width of 30mm, a length of 50mm, and a thickness of 0.3mm, so that the copper strip bent upward in step 2 can pass through the slit, and place the second seal downward on the manifold.

[0214] Step 6: Align the tempered float glass with two 7mm diameter lead-out holes with the outer edge of the base glass and install it on top of the component obtained in Step 5, so that the copper strip passes through the lead-out holes. Then, put the high-viscosity first seal on the copper strip and insert it into the lead-out holes.

[0215] Step 7: Use a vacuum laminator to evacuate at 120℃ for 5 minutes, then perform vacuum lamination at 70kPa for 10 minutes. Remove the laminator and apply a de-alcoholized silicone adhesive to the bottom of the junction box. Press the junction box onto the cover glass. Solder the copper strips from the positive and negative electrodes to the pre-placed positive and negative terminals inside the junction box. Inject a two-component de-alcoholized silicone gel as a potting compound. Place the assembly in a 50℃ oven and cure for 10 minutes. Then, replace the junction box cover. Place the assembly in a curing chamber and let it sit for 48 hours. The encapsulation is now complete, forming the photovoltaic device.

[0216] Example 2

[0217] The photovoltaic device was fabricated using a method similar to that in Example 1, with the only difference being after step 1 in the encapsulation step:

[0218] Step 2: Perpendicular to the extension direction of the sub-cell, attach a 7mm wide PI double-sided tape as an insulating layer. Attach 5mm wide, 0.1mm thick copper strips to the positive and negative electrodes of the Cu back electrode layer, respectively. Place a low-viscosity second sealing element (30mm wide × 50mm long × 0.3mm thick) above the insulating layer, with its geometric center located on the vertical line drawn from the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the openings in the cover glass. Above the insulating layer, extend a 5mm wide, 0.1mm thick copper strip from each of the positive and negative electrodes as a busbar, bending it upwards directly below the opening in the cover glass.

[0219] Step 3: Apply a 7.5mm wide and 0.8mm thick butyl edge sealant to the center of the 12mm wide edge cleaning area mentioned in Step 1 on the outer edge of the Cu back electrode layer, leaving some space for excess sealant.

[0220] Step 4: Place a rectangular TPO film with a thickness of 0.45 mm covering the entire back electrode on the surface of the Cu back electrode layer, matching the opening position of the cover glass. Use a hole punch to make a through hole with a diameter of 6 mm on the TPO film, so that the copper strip bent upward in step 2 passes through the through hole.

[0221] Step 5: Align the tempered float glass with two 7mm diameter lead-out holes with the outer edge of the base glass and install it on top of the component obtained in Step 5, so that the copper strip passes through the lead-out holes. Then, put the high-viscosity first seal on the copper strip and insert it into the lead-out holes.

[0222] Step 6: Same as step 7 in Example 1.

[0223] Examples 3-1 to 3-3

[0224] The photovoltaic device was prepared using a method similar to that of Example 1, except that the size of the cap (i.e., protrusion) or the body (i.e., main body) of the first seal was adjusted.

[0225] Examples 4-1 to 4-3

[0226] The photovoltaic device was prepared using a method similar to that of Example 1, except that the dimensions of the second seal were adjusted.

[0227] Examples 5-1 to 5-3

[0228] Photovoltaic devices were prepared using a method similar to that of Example 1, except that the viscosity and weight-average molecular weight of the first and second sealing elements were adjusted.

[0229] Comparative Example 1

[0230] The photovoltaic device was prepared using a method similar to that of Example 1, except that only the first sealing element was provided and the second sealing element was not provided.

[0231] Comparative Example 2

[0232] A photovoltaic device was prepared using a method similar to that of Example 1, except that only a second sealing element was provided, and the first sealing element was not provided.

[0233] Performance testing

[0234] Humidity and heat (DH) test of photovoltaic devices:

[0235] The photovoltaic devices obtained in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to current-voltage IV tests to obtain the photoelectric conversion efficiency before the damp heat test.

[0236] Next, the damp heat test (MQT 13) specified in IEC 61215:2021 standard is performed. The test method is as follows: the positive and negative terminals of the photovoltaic device's junction box are short-circuited, and the device is placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 85±2℃ and 85±5%RH. Every 100 hours of aging, the temperature is controlled by a program to cool down at 1.5℃ / min. After about 40 minutes of recovery to room temperature, the device is then allowed to continue to recover for 2 hours at 23±5℃ and below 75%RH with an open circuit. Visual inspection and photography are taken, and the IV test is measured after aging. The device is then returned to its original position, and aging continues until the power conversion efficiency (PCE) drops below 80% of the initial value and abnormal yellowing of the module is observed during visual inspection. The test is then stopped. The total aging time until the PCE first drops below 80% of the initial value is recorded as T. 80 The total time of aging from the first visual inspection when abnormal yellowing of the component is discovered is recorded as T. 变黄 .

[0237] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0238] Table 1

[0239] In Table 1, the main materials of both the first and second seals include butyl rubber.

[0240] The weight-average molecular weight of both the first and second seals refers to the weight-average molecular weight of their main materials.

[0241] Compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the sealing effect is poor when only the first seal or only the second seal is provided, resulting in relatively poor device performance.

[0242] The embodiments of this application, through the cooperation of the first and second sealing elements, can effectively improve the sealing performance of the device, thereby enhancing its stability and quality. Testing has shown that the water vapor transmission rate of the sealing components in each embodiment is less than or equal to 0.5 g / (m²). 2 •day); The oxygen permeability of the sealing component is less than or equal to 60cc / (m 2 ·day).

[0243] Examples 3-1 to 4-3, by adjusting the dimensions of the first seal along the thickness direction and the second seal along the thickness direction, can further improve the sealing effect of the device. With an appropriate increase in thickness, the sealing effect can be further improved; however, with further increases in thickness, the sealing effect may not be further improved; and it may also generate localized stress on the battery functional components. For example, the dimension of the second seal along the thickness direction should not be too large, and can be 0.1mm to 0.8mm, or optionally 0.2mm to 0.6mm.

[0244] Examples 5-1 to 5-3 show that by adjusting viscosity and weight-average molecular weight, the casting performance of the first and second seals during lamination can be adjusted, improving the sealing effect, alleviating local stress problems on battery functional components, and enhancing device stability and device quality.

[0245] Testing showed that when the viscosity of the first sealant was less than or equal to the viscosity of the second sealant, the remaining preparation conditions were the same as in Example 1, but the T of the photovoltaic device... 80 T is smaller than that of Example 1 80 T of photovoltaic devices 变黄 T is smaller than that of Example 1 变黄 The second seal has a higher viscosity and poorer flowability, which can easily lead to localized stress on the battery functional components and poor device performance. In contrast, the second seal in Example 1 has a lower viscosity, which is less than that of the first seal. The second seal has better flowability, and when used in conjunction with the first seal, it can more effectively improve the ability to block water and oxygen, reduce the risk of stress concentration on the battery functional components, and improve device performance.

[0246] Accordingly, when the weight-average molecular weight of the first seal is less than or equal to the weight-average molecular weight of the second seal, the remaining preparation conditions are the same as in Example 1, and the T of the photovoltaic device... 80 T is smaller than that of Example 1 80 T of photovoltaic devices 变黄 T is smaller than that of Example 1 变黄 In Example 1, the second seal has a lower weight-average molecular weight than the first seal. The second seal has better flowability, and when used in conjunction with the first seal, it can more effectively improve the ability to block water and oxygen, reduce the risk of stress concentration on battery functional components, and improve device performance.

[0247] Although this application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of this application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic device, comprising: A battery functional component, including an electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer stacked along its own thickness direction; A cover assembly includes a cover body and an outlet hole disposed on the cover body, the cover body covering the battery functional component; A sealing assembly includes a first seal and a second seal, wherein the first seal is disposed at least inside the outlet hole, and the second seal is disposed between the cover assembly and the battery functional assembly, and is disposed at least opposite to the outlet hole; as well as A busbar assembly, connected to the electrode layer, extends along the thickness direction through the first seal and through the outlet hole to the side of the cover body opposite to the battery functional components. The first seal seals the junction assembly and the hole wall of the outlet hole, and the second seal seals the first seal and the battery functional assembly.

2. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1, wherein, The water vapor transmission rate of the sealing assembly is less than or equal to 0.5 g / (m²). 2 ·day); and / or The oxygen permeability of the sealing assembly is less than or equal to 60 cc / (m 2 ·day).

3. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, At 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first seal is greater than that of the second seal.

4. The photovoltaic device according to claim 3, wherein, At 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the first seal is between 15000 Pa·s and 30000 Pa·s; and / or At 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the second seal is between 8600 Pa·s and 12000 Pa·s.

5. The photovoltaic device according to claim 3, wherein, At 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the first seal is between 20,000 Pa·s and 25,000 Pa·s; and / or At 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the second seal is 8800 Pa·s to 9500 Pa·s.

6. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is greater than that of the main material in the second seal.

7. The photovoltaic device according to claim 6, wherein, The weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 4 g / mol to 4×10 6 g / mol; and / or The weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the second seal is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 3 g / mol to 2×10 6 g / mol.

8. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein, The main material of the first seal includes one or more of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, unsaturated butyl rubber, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymer; and / or The main material of the second seal includes one or more of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, unsaturated butyl rubber, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymer.

9. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The first seal has a dimension of 3 mm to 5 mm along the thickness direction; and / or The second seal has a dimension of 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm along the thickness direction.

10. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The first seal has a dimension of 3.4 mm to 4.5 mm along the thickness direction.

11. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The second seal has a dimension of 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm along the thickness direction.

12. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The first seal includes: The main body is disposed within the outlet hole; and A protrusion is provided outside the outlet hole and connected to the side of the body portion opposite to the battery functional component. The busbar assembly extends through the body and the protrusion along the thickness direction and extends to the side of the protrusion opposite to the battery functional component.

13. The photovoltaic device according to claim 12, wherein, The protrusion is sealed to the side of the cover body opposite to the battery functional component.

14. The photovoltaic device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The body portion has a dimension of 3 mm to 4.5 mm along the thickness direction; and / or The protrusion has a dimension of 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm along the thickness direction.

15. The photovoltaic device according to claim 14, wherein, The dimensions of the body portion along the thickness direction are 3.2 mm to 4 mm.

16. The photovoltaic device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein, The protrusion has a dimension of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm along the thickness direction.

17. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The bus component includes: A first connecting portion extends through the first sealing member along the thickness direction; and The second connection portion is connected to the first connection portion and is connected to the electrode layer. The second connection portion is at least partially located between the first seal and the battery functional component. The end of the second connection portion facing the first connection portion is connected to the second seal.

18. The photovoltaic device according to claim 17, wherein, At least a portion of the second seal is located on the side of the second connection facing the battery functional component.

19. The photovoltaic device according to claim 18, wherein, The second seal is located on the side of the second connection that is away from the battery functional component.

20. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein, The second seal is disposed opposite to the outlet hole, and the second seal extends along a first direction and is connected to a part of the cover body, the first direction being perpendicular to the thickness direction.

21. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, The second seal is a sheet-like structure.

22. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein, The outlet hole includes a first through hole and a second through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole are spaced apart, and a first sealing element is provided in both the first through hole and the second through hole; The current collector assembly includes a positive current collector and a negative current collector. The positive current collector penetrates a first sealing element located in the first through hole along the thickness direction, and the negative current collector penetrates a first sealing element located in the second through hole along the thickness direction.

23. The photovoltaic device according to claim 22, wherein, The second seal is a continuous structure and covers both the first through hole and the second through hole.

24. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein, The photoelectric conversion layer comprises a perovskite material, which includes one or more compounds with the molecular formula ABX3 or M2CDN6. A and M each independently include Li + Na + K + 、Rb + Cs + One or more of the following: methylamine cation, dimethylamine cation, ethylamine cation, propylamine cation, butylamine cation, pentamine cation, hexamine cation, formamidin cation, or imidazole cation; B includes cations of one or more elements selected from lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, or europium; X and N each independently include F - Cl - ,Br - Or I - One or more of the following; C includes Cs + Ag + K + Or Ru + One or more of the following; D includes Bi 3+ Ni 3+ Fe 3+ Sb 3+ In 3+ or Cu 3+ One or more of them.

25. The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein, The battery functional component further includes an electron transport layer located between the electrode layer and the photoelectric conversion layer; and / or The battery functional component also includes a hole transport layer between the electrode layer and the photoelectric conversion layer.

26. A method for fabricating a photovoltaic device, comprising: A battery functional component is provided, the battery functional component including an electrode layer and a photoelectric conversion layer stacked along its own thickness direction; The battery functional components are covered by a cover assembly, the cover assembly including a cover body and an outlet hole disposed on the cover body; A sealing source is provided, the sealing source including a first sealing source and a second sealing source, the first sealing source being disposed at least inside the outlet hole, and the second sealing source being disposed between the cover assembly and the battery functional assembly, and covering the outlet hole; A busbar assembly is provided, which is connected to the electrode layer, and extends along the thickness direction through the first sealing source to the side of the cover body opposite to the battery functional components. The sealing source is heat-treated so that the first sealing source forms a first seal and seals the hole wall connecting the busbar assembly and the outlet hole; the second sealing source forms a second seal and seals the first seal and the battery functional assembly to form a photovoltaic device.

27. The preparation method according to claim 26, wherein, The water vapor transmission rate of the sealing assembly is less than or equal to 0.5 g / (m²). 2 ·day); and / or The oxygen permeability of the sealing assembly is less than or equal to 60 cc / (m 2 ·day).

28. The preparation method according to claim 26 or 27, wherein, At 180°C and a shear rate of 5Hz, the viscosity of the first seal is greater than that of the second seal.

29. The preparation method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein, At 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the first seal is between 15000 Pa·s and 30000 Pa·s; and / or At 180°C and a shear rate of 5 Hz, the viscosity of the second seal is between 8600 Pa·s and 12000 Pa·s.

30. The preparation method according to any one of claims 26 to 29, wherein, The weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is greater than that of the main material in the second seal.

31. The preparation method according to any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein, The weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the first seal is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 4 g / mol to 4×10 6 g / mol; and / or The weight-average molecular weight of the main material in the second seal is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 3 g / mol to 2×10 6 g / mol.

32. A photovoltaic module comprising one or more photovoltaic devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 25 or photovoltaic devices prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 26 to 31.

33. A power generation device comprising a photovoltaic module as described in claim 32.

34. An electrical device comprising a photovoltaic module as described in claim 32.

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