Rotor, permanent magnet electric motor, powertrain and vehicle

Abstract

A vehicle, having a powertrain, wherein the powertrain comprises a permanent magnet electric motor (1), and the permanent magnet motor (1) comprises a rotor (10). The rotor (10) comprises a rotor core (110), magnetic flux regulators (120) and a slider assembly (130), wherein magnetic poles are provided in the rotor core (110), the magnetic flux regulators (120) are movably arranged in the rotor core (110), and the slider assembly (130) can drive, under the rotation action of the rotor core (110), at least two magnetic flux regulators (120) to move simultaneously, so as to adjust the magnetic flux passing through the magnetic poles.

Description

Rotors, permanent magnet motors, powertrains and vehicles

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411209309.1, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on August 30, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of flux motor technology, specifically to a rotor, permanent magnet motor, powertrain, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0004] The current market is dominated by traditional permanent magnet motors. Permanent magnet motors have the advantages of high power density and high torque density, but their permanent magnet flux is basically constant, and they rely on direct-axis current to weaken the field to achieve speed expansion. Their characteristics and efficiency are relatively low except for high-speed torque. Variable flux permanent magnet motors introduce additional degrees of freedom for magnetic adjustment on the basis of traditional permanent magnet motors. Their air gap magnetic field is adjustable, making them a type of motor with great development potential that combines the advantages of permanent magnet motors and electrically excited motors.

[0005] As a commonly used type of variable flux permanent magnet motor, mechanically adjustable magnet motors include various topologies such as air gap adjustable, rotor adjustable, centrifugal, and leakage flux adjustable. Among them, centrifugal mechanically adjustable magnet motors achieve magnetization by utilizing the change in centrifugal force at different rotational speeds.

[0006] Application content

[0007] The centrifugal mechanical magnetizers in related technologies suffer from a limited adjustable flux range and limited magnetization capability. The embodiments of this application effectively solve this problem.

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a rotor, which includes a rotor core, a magnetic adjustment element, and a slider assembly. The rotor core is provided with magnetic poles, the magnetic adjustment element is movably disposed in the rotor core, and the slider assembly can drive at least two magnetic adjustment elements to move simultaneously under the rotation of the rotor core, so as to adjust the magnetic flux passing through the magnetic poles.

[0009] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a permanent magnet motor, which includes at least one rotor as described above.

[0010] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a powertrain, which includes a permanent magnet motor as described above.

[0011] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a vehicle that includes at least the permanent magnet motor described above.

[0012] The rotor provided in this application introduces additional magnetic adjustment degrees of freedom in an adaptive manner through the setting of magnetic adjustment components and slider assemblies. When the rotor is running at high speed, the leakage magnetic flux of the rotor can be adjusted by adjusting the magnetic adjustment components and slider assemblies to adjust the magnetic flux through the magnetic poles of the rotor, thereby realizing the adjustment of the main magnetic field of the rotor. This makes the air gap magnetic field of the motor adjustable, effectively expanding the constant power operation range and high efficiency range of the motor while ensuring high torque density and power density.

[0013] The permanent magnet motor provided in this application has all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned rotor, which will not be elaborated here.

[0014] The powertrain provided in this application has all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned permanent magnet motor, which will not be elaborated here.

[0015] The vehicle provided in this application has all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned permanent magnet motor, which will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rotor provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a slider assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gear meshing part provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the base provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the slider module structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a magnetic adjustment component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 7 is a perspective view of a rotor in the axial direction according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 8 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a rotor magnetic pole provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the included angle θ of the magnetizing element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the movement state of the slider assembly at low speed according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the movement state of the adjusting magnetic component at low speed according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the movement state of the slider assembly at high speed according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the moving state of a high-speed time-adjusting magnetic component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 14 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of the magnetic adjustment component provided in an embodiment of this application at θ = 110°;

[0030] Figure 15 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of the magnetic adjustment component provided in an embodiment of this application at θ = 55°;

[0031] Figure 16 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of the adjusting element provided in an embodiment of this application at θ = 0°;

[0032] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet flux linkage of a single-phase winding when the magnet adjusting element is located in different positions according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a permanent magnet motor provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Permanent magnet motor; 10. Rotor; 110. Rotor core; 111. Magnetic adjustment slot; 112. N-pole permanent magnet; 113. S-pole permanent magnet; 120. Magnetic adjustment component; 120a. Core section; 120b. Rotating section; 121. N-pole magnetic adjustment component; 122. S-pole magnetic adjustment component; 123. Magnetic isolation bridge; 130. Slider assembly; 131. Transmission assembly; 1311. Gear meshing section; 1311a. Fixing section; 1311b. Rack section; 1312. Gear; 132. Elastic component; 140. Base; 141. Guide rail section; 142. Moving slot; 143. Elastic component fixing section; 150. Shaft; 20. Stator; 210. Stator core; 220. Stator winding; 30. Housing; 40. End cover; θ. Angle of magnetic adjustment component. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To provide a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of this application, the implementation of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. In the following technical description, for ease of explanation, several details are used to provide a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may still be implemented without these details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices may be simplified in their depiction to simplify the drawings.

[0036] The variable flux permanent magnet motor is based on the traditional permanent magnet motor, but introduces additional magnetic adjustment degree of freedom in an adaptive manner, making the air gap magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor adjustable, thus combining the advantages of traditional permanent magnet motors and electrically excited motors.

[0037] There are three main types of variable flux permanent magnet motors: hybrid excitation motors, memory motors, and mechanically adjustable motors. All of them introduce additional degrees of freedom for magnetic adjustment beyond armature field weakening, forming a composite magnetic adjustment mechanism. Hybrid excitation motors require additional leakage windings and excitation converters, resulting in excitation losses and lower power density. Memory motors achieve online magnetic adjustment by changing the magnetization level of the permanent magnet in real time using instantaneous pulse currents; however, their control is complex, magnetization accuracy is difficult to guarantee, and the instantaneous pulsating current increases inverter capacity, resulting in lower power density. Mechanically adjustable motors achieve effective adjustment of the main / leakage flux linkage through mechanical components or by utilizing mechanical energy, thus realizing a new type of magnetic field regulation that couples mechanical, electrical, and magnetic components. This minimizes magnetic circuit constraints, makes magnetic adjustment easy to implement, and reduces magnetic adjustment losses.

[0038] Currently, centrifugal mechanical magnetoelectric motors achieve magnetoelectric adjustment by utilizing the change in centrifugal force when the rotation speed is different. However, they cannot adjust the electromotive force generated by the permanent magnet according to the change in load, resulting in a small range of adjustable magnetic flux and limited magnetoelectric adjustment capability.

[0039] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a new rotor and a permanent magnet motor having the rotor, which can be applied in vehicles to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0040] The following detailed description of the rotor's specific structure and the permanent magnet motor with the rotor, using different embodiments as examples, is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1, this application embodiment provides a rotor 10, which can be applied to a permanent magnet motor 1. The rotor 10 may include at least: a rotor core 110, a magnetic adjustment element 120, and a slider assembly 130. The rotor core 110 is provided with magnetic poles. The magnetic adjustment element 120 is movably disposed in the rotor core 110. The slider assembly 130 can drive at least two magnetic adjustment elements 120 to move simultaneously under the rotation of the rotor core 110, so as to adjust the magnetic flux passing through the magnetic poles.

[0042] In this rotor 10, based on the traditional permanent magnet motor, by setting up the magnetic adjustment component 120 and the slider assembly 130, under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotor core 110, the slider assembly 130 can drive at least two magnetic adjustment components 120 to move simultaneously, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10. No additional hydraulic or electric auxiliary power devices are required. Additional magnetic adjustment freedom is introduced in an adaptive manner, making the air gap magnetic field of the motor adjustable. It has the advantages of both constant torque and constant power regions. While ensuring high torque density and power density, it effectively expands the constant power operation range and high efficiency range of the motor.

[0043] When the motor operates in the low-speed, high-torque range, the rotor 10 rotates at a low speed, resulting in a small centrifugal force on the slider assembly 130. The slider assembly 130 is located near the radial center of the rotor 10, leading to less magnetic leakage of the rotor magnetic field through the adjusting element 120. This significantly improves the motor's torque performance in the low-speed range. When the motor operates in the high-speed range, the centrifugal force generated by the high speed positions the slider assembly 130 radially outward from the rotor 10. This results in greater magnetic leakage of the rotor magnetic field through the adjusting element 120, enabling additional field weakening for speed enhancement. This reduces reliance on direct-axis armature current field weakening, increases the motor's power in the high-speed range, and effectively avoids the risks of magnetic field distortion, increased losses, and irreversible demagnetization of permanent magnets associated with traditional permanent magnet motors that rely on software field weakening to increase power in the high-speed range.

[0044] Optionally, the slider assembly 130 is disposed at at least one end of the rotor core 110 along its axial direction. From the axial perspective of the motor, the slider assembly 130 could also be designed in the middle of the rotor core 110, but this would affect the orientation of the motor's main magnetic circuit, significantly impacting motor performance. Therefore, placing the slider assembly 130 at the axial end of the rotor core 110 avoids occupying magnetic circuit space, reduces interference with the main magnetic circuit of the middle rotor core 110, and increases the design freedom of the slider assembly 130.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the rotor 10 further includes a base 140, which is disposed at at least one axial end of the rotor core 110, and the slider assembly 130 is movably disposed on the base 140. Optionally, the base 140 is made of a non-magnetic material, such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel. By adding a base 140 to the rotor 10, it is convenient to fix the slider assembly 130, and the base 140 can limit the moving position and direction of the slider assembly 130, so that the slider assembly 130 can move along a predetermined position as the rotor speed changes.

[0046] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments of this application, the slider assembly 130 includes a transmission assembly 131 and an elastic element 132. The two ends of the elastic element 132 are connected to the transmission assembly 131 and the base 140, respectively. The transmission assembly 131 can drive the magnetic adjustment element 120 to move within the rotor core 110. The two ends of the elastic element 132 are fixedly connected to the transmission assembly 131 and the base 140. The elastic element 132 is adapted to apply an elastic force to the transmission assembly 131 to move it. Utilizing the centrifugal force generated by the high rotational speed and the elastic restoring force of the elastic element 132, without the need for additional hydraulic or electric auxiliary power devices, the transmission assembly 131 can move along the base 140 as the rotor speed changes, thereby driving the magnetic adjustment element 120 to move within the rotor core 110. This adjusts the leakage magnetic flux of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 through the magnetic adjustment element 120, achieving adaptive magnetic adjustment.

[0047] One end of the elastic element 132 is fixedly connected to the transmission assembly 131, and the other end of the elastic element 132 is fixedly connected to the elastic element fixing part 143 on the base 140. It should be noted that the elastic element 132 can also be directly connected to the base 140 or connected to the base 140 through other connecting parts, and no further restrictions are made here.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the elastic element 132 may have a first state in which at least two magnetic adjustment elements 120 are in a first position away from the magnetic pole; the elastic element 132 may also have a second state in which at least two magnetic adjustment elements 120 are in a second position close to the magnetic pole. When the elastic element 132 operates at low speed, at least two magnetic adjustment elements 120 are in the first position away from the magnetic pole. In this position, the magnetic adjustment elements 120 are located in an area with low magnetic leakage, which can improve the torque performance of the motor in the low-speed range. When the elastic element 132 operates at high speed, at least two magnetic adjustment elements 120 are in the second position close to the magnetic pole. In this position, the magnetic adjustment elements 120 are located in an area with high magnetic leakage, which can improve the power of the motor in the high-speed range.

[0049] The elastic element 132 can be a spring or other form, and the elastic form is not limited to tension or compression. For example, optionally, the elastic element 132 is a compression spring, which applies a thrust to the transmission assembly 131 to move the transmission assembly 131 to a first position. In this case, the elastic element 132 is in a compressed state. Alternatively, optionally, the elastic element 132 is a tension spring, which applies a tension force to the transmission assembly 131 to move the transmission assembly 131 to a first position. In this case, the elastic element 132 is in a stretched state.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, the slider assembly 130 can drive two adjacent magnetic adjustment components 120 to move simultaneously under the rotation of the rotor core 110, so as to adjust the magnetic flux through the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor 10. The two adjacent magnetic adjustment components 120 can move simultaneously under the drive of the slider assembly, and the two adjacent magnetic adjustment components 120 can simultaneously adjust the magnetic field of the adjacent N pole and S pole of the rotor 10. The slider assembly 130 can simultaneously meet the magnetic adjustment requirements of the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor 10.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission assembly 131 may be a gear transmission device. The transmission assembly 131 includes a gear meshing part 1311 and two gears 1312. The gear meshing part 1311 is connected to the elastic member 132, and the two gears 1312 are respectively connected to two adjacent magnetic adjustment members 120. The transmission assembly 131 is correspondingly provided with a gear 1312 that drives the magnetic adjustment member 120 to move and a gear meshing part 1311 that moves radially along the base 140. When the transmission assembly 131 moves radially under the action of centrifugal force, the axial end of the magnetic adjustment member 120 moves with the rotation of the gear 1312, so that the magnetic adjustment member 120 is in different positions, thereby converting the radial movement of the gear meshing part 1311 into the movement of the magnetic pole of the magnetic adjustment member 120 relative to the rotor 10, so as to adjust the magnetic flux of the rotor's main magnetic field. Two gears 1312 mesh with the gear meshing part 1311 to transmit power, which can drive two adjacent magnetic adjustment components 120 to move simultaneously, so that one transmission component 131 can simultaneously meet the magnetic adjustment requirements of the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor 10. It should be noted that the gear structure, gear position and number of gears of the gear transmission device can be flexibly designed according to the actual transmission requirements.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission assembly 131 may be a belt drive device. The transmission assembly 131 includes an input pulley, two output pulleys, and a belt wound around the input pulley and the two output pulleys. The input pulley is connected to the elastic member 132, and the two output pulleys are respectively connected to two adjacent magnetic adjustment members 120. The two output pulleys are driven by the input pulley, which can drive the two adjacent magnetic adjustment members 120 to move simultaneously, so that one transmission assembly 131 can simultaneously meet the magnetic adjustment requirements of the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor 10.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission assembly 131 may also be a chain drive device. The transmission assembly 131 includes an input sprocket, two output sprockets, and a chain wound around the input sprocket and the two output sprockets. The input sprocket is connected to the elastic element 132, and the two output sprockets are respectively connected to two adjacent magnetic adjustment elements 120. The two output sprockets are driven by the input sprocket, which can drive the two adjacent magnetic adjustment elements 120 to move simultaneously, so that one transmission assembly 131 can simultaneously meet the magnetic adjustment requirements of the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor 10.

[0054] It should be noted that the transmission component 131 can also have other structural forms, which are not further limited here.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, a fixing hole is provided in the middle of the gear 1312, and the end of the magnetic adjustment element 120 is disposed in the fixing hole. The gear meshing part 1311 can move radially to drive the two gears 1312 to rotate, so that the two adjacent magnetic adjustment elements 120 move simultaneously in the rotor core 110. By fixing the end of the magnetic adjustment element 120 to the middle of the gear 1312, the simultaneous movement of the two adjacent magnetic adjustment elements 120 can be achieved through the meshing of the gear meshing part 1311 and the gear 1312.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the fixing hole is a flat hole, and the end of the adjusting magnetic component 120 has a flat portion. The flat portion at the end of the adjusting magnetic component 120 cooperates with the flat hole in the middle of the gear 1312. The flat portion of the adjusting magnetic component 120 can be inserted into the flat hole and is configured to be fixedly connected to the gear 1312, so that the rotation of the gear 1312 drives the adjusting magnetic component 120 to move to the corresponding position.

[0057] Referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments of this application, the gear meshing part 1311 includes a fixed part 1311a and two rack parts 1311b. The fixed part 1311a is connected to the elastic member 132 and the two rack parts 1311b, and the two rack parts 1311b are respectively meshed with two gears 1312. Through the gear double rack transmission structure and the cooperation with the elastic member 132, power can be transmitted smoothly, the transmission is stable and reliable, and the power distribution is more uniform, so that the two adjacent magnetic adjustment members 120 can move smoothly and reliably at the same time.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, a guide rail portion 141 is provided on the base 140, and a gear meshing portion 1311 is movably disposed on the guide rail portion 141. The gear meshing portion 1311 and the guide rail portion 141 are integrated as a whole, which can balance the forces on the two rack portions 1311b and simplify the structure. The guide rail portion 141 can support and guide the gear meshing portion 1311, so that the gear meshing portion 1311 can move along the guide rail portion 141 on the base 140 in a predetermined direction as the rotational speed changes.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, the guide rail portion 141 is a sliding guide rail or a rolling guide rail. The guide rail portion 141 and the gear meshing portion 1311 can move by sliding or rolling. Correspondingly, the guide rail portion 141 can be designed as a slide rail or a ball bearing. The rolling guide rail can reduce the frictional resistance of the gear meshing portion 1311 during movement, thus solving the problem of high resistance of the gear meshing portion 1311 during movement.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, the mounting base 140 may be configured in ways including, but not limited to, the following two possible implementations:

[0061] The first possible implementation is as follows: Referring to Figure 4, the base 140 is constructed as a magnetic shielding plate, with a movable groove 142 on the magnetic shielding plate. The end of the magnetic adjusting component 120 can pass through the movable groove 142 and connect with the gear 1312. Using a magnetic shielding plate as the base 140, the magnetic shielding plate as a whole facilitates its fixed installation with the rotor core 110 and multiple slider assemblies 130. At the same time, the magnetic shielding plate has a magnetic shielding function, which can reduce the magnetic field leakage of the rotor 10 and reduce eddy current losses. The magnetic shielding plate has multiple guide rails 141, which are radially distributed. The gear meshing parts 1311 move radially along their respective corresponding guide rails 141. Meanwhile, in order to avoid interference of the magnetic shielding plate with the movement of the magnetic adjusting component 120, a movable groove 142 is provided on the magnetic shielding plate at the position corresponding to the magnetic adjusting component 120, so that the end of the magnetic adjusting component 120 can pass through the movable groove 142 and connect with the gear 1312. The movable slot has an arc surface, and the magnetic adjustment component can rotate around the movable slot to adjust the magnetic field.

[0062] The second possible implementation is as follows: Referring to Figure 5, the base 140, transmission assembly 131, elastic element 132, and guide rail 141 can be integrated into a slider module. This slider module is then installed onto the rotor core 110. The slider module allows for modular assembly, improving component precision while simplifying the assembly process, increasing assembly efficiency, and facilitating industrial application. The guide rail 141 and base 140 can be integrally formed or formed separately.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, the magnetic shielding plate serves as a dynamic balancing plate, and the rotor 10 can be dynamically balanced by adding or removing weight from the magnetic shielding plate. The dynamic balance of the rotor 10 can be achieved by adding or removing material from the magnetic shielding plate.

[0064] In some embodiments of this application, the slider assembly 130 is disposed at both axial ends of the rotor core 110. The slider assembly 130 may also be disposed at only one axial end of the rotor core 110. Considering the symmetry of the magnetic field and the balance of the rotor 10, corresponding slider assemblies 130 can be disposed at both axial ends of the rotor core 110.

[0065] Referring to Figure 6, in some embodiments of this application, the magnetic adjustment element 120 includes an iron core portion 120a and a rotating portion 120b located at at least one end of the iron core portion 120a, wherein the iron core portion 120a is disposed inside the rotor iron core 110, and the rotating portion 120b is disposed outside the rotor iron core 110.

[0066] The magnetic adjustment element 120 passes through the rotor core 110 axially and is higher than the end face of the rotor core 110 by a certain distance. It slides along the slider assembly 130 through the rotating part 120b located at the end of the core part 120a, so that the magnetic adjustment element 120 is in different positions in the rotor core 110 as the rotation speed changes, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the material of the magnetic adjustment element 120 is a magnetically conductive material, which can be any permanent magnet material or soft magnetic material.

[0068] In some embodiments of this application, the rotor core 110 is provided with an axially extending magnetic adjustment groove 111, and the magnetic adjustment element 120 is movably disposed in the magnetic adjustment groove 111. The magnetic adjustment element 120 can move along the magnetic adjustment groove 111 under the drive of the gear 1312 to adjust the leakage magnetic flux of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 through the magnetic adjustment element 120.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the magnetic adjustment groove 111 is an arc-shaped groove, and the magnetic adjustment component 120 is an arc-shaped slider that matches the shape of the arc-shaped groove. The magnetic adjustment component 120 moves along the arc-shaped magnetic adjustment groove 111 to adjust the leakage magnetic flux of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 through the magnetic adjustment component 120. Optionally, the middle cross-section of the iron core portion 120a can be constructed in a crescent shape, and the rotating portion 120b can have a flat position, configured to be fixedly connected to the gear 1312, so that when the gear 1312 rotates, it drives the magnetic adjustment component 120 to move in the magnetic adjustment groove.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, when the slider assembly 130 drives at least two adjusting elements 120 to move simultaneously, the movement directions of two adjacent adjusting elements 120 are opposite. Each slider assembly 130 corresponds to at least two adjacent adjusting elements 120, and the two adjacent adjusting elements 120 correspond to the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor 10. The simultaneous opposite movement of the two adjusting elements 120 can adjust the magnetic flux through the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor 10.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the magnetic adjustment element 120 is respectively disposed on the radial inner side of the corresponding magnetic pole. The magnetic adjustment element 120 is usually located in the region of the rotor 10 where the magnetic flux density is relatively dense. By disposing the magnetic adjustment element on the radial inner side of the corresponding magnetic pole, the range of magnetic flux that can be adjusted by the magnetic adjustment element 120 can be larger, and the magnetic adjustment capability can be stronger.

[0072] The magnetic poles include an N-pole permanent magnet 112 and an S-pole permanent magnet 113. The N-pole permanent magnet 112 and the S-pole permanent magnet 113 can be made of permanent magnet materials such as ferrite, neodymium iron boron, or samarium cobalt. The N-pole permanent magnet 112 and the S-pole permanent magnet 113 can be composed of a single permanent magnet, or several permanent magnets can be arranged in a certain topological structure to form a single-layer, double-layer, or multi-layer (more than two layers) permanent magnet group. The topological structure can include various shapes or combinations such as an "I"-shaped structure, a V-shaped structure, a triangular structure, a U-shaped structure, a W-shaped structure, a V+U-shaped structure, and a V+W-shaped structure.

[0073] The rotor core 110 has multiple permanent magnet slots axially arranged to accommodate N-pole permanent magnets 112 and S-pole permanent magnets 113. These slots can be square or arc-shaped. The N-pole permanent magnets 112 are correspondingly arranged with the N-pole adjusting element 121, and the S-pole permanent magnets 113 are correspondingly arranged with the S-pole adjusting element 122. One slider assembly 130 corresponds to one N-pole adjusting element 121 and one S-pole adjusting element 122. Alternatively, in some optional embodiments, the permanent magnet slots can be blind slots.

[0074] In some embodiments of this application, the permanent magnet slot and the magnet adjustment slot 111 are spaced apart, thereby the movable magnet adjustment element 120 in the magnet adjustment slot 111 is spaced apart from the N-pole permanent magnet 112 and the S-pole permanent magnet 113 installed in the permanent magnet slot, making it less likely to interfere.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, the permanent magnet slot is connected to the magnet adjustment slot 111. This helps to reduce the difficulty of installing and disassembling the magnet adjustment component 120 in the magnet adjustment slot 111, and also helps to reduce the difficulty of installing and disassembling the N-pole permanent magnet 112 and the S-pole permanent magnet 113 in the permanent magnet slot.

[0076] Referring to Figures 7 and 8, both the N-pole permanent magnet 112 and the S-pole permanent magnet 113 of the rotor core 110 adopt a double-layer V-shaped topology. When the adjusting element 120 slides to the leftmost or rightmost position of the adjusting slot 111 with the slider assembly 130, the leakage magnetic flux of the N-pole permanent magnet 112 through the N-pole adjusting element 121 is minimized, and the leakage magnetic flux of the S-pole permanent magnet 113 through the S-pole adjusting element 122 is minimized, resulting in the maximum main magnetic flux linkage of the rotor 10. When the adjusting element 120 slides to the middle position of the adjusting slot 111 with the slider assembly 130, the leakage magnetic flux of the N-pole permanent magnet 112 through the N-pole adjusting element 121 is maximized, and the leakage magnetic flux of the S-pole permanent magnet 113 through the S-pole adjusting element 122 is maximized, resulting in the minimum main magnetic flux linkage of the rotor 10. Therefore, by positioning two adjacent adjusting elements 120 at different positions in the adjusting slot 111 as the rotational speed changes, the magnetic flux linkage of the main magnetic field of the pole pairs in the rotor 10 can be adjusted.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, a magnetic isolation bridge 123 is provided between the magnetic adjustment element 120 and the magnetic pole. By providing the magnetic isolation bridge 123 between the magnetic adjustment element 120 and the magnetic pole, the leakage flux of the magnetic pole is limited by the saturation of the leakage flux at the location of the magnetic isolation bridge 123, thereby improving the magnetic isolation effect of the rotor core 110.

[0078] The rotor core 110 is formed by axially stacked rotor laminations. The rotor core 110 has strong radial magnetic permeability but weak axial magnetic permeability. Optionally, the rotor laminations are made of soft magnetic materials, such as silicon steel sheets, amorphous / nanocrystalline alloys, iron-cobalt materials, stainless steel, and other magnetically permeable materials.

[0079] The rotor laminations can be equipped with auxiliary slots, uneven air gaps, skewed poles, etc., to suppress magnetic field harmonics and torque pulsation of the rotor 10 and optimize the NVH performance of the motor.

[0080] To facilitate the explanation of the magnetization state of rotor 10 at different positions, the included angle θ of the magnetization element is explained. Referring to Figure 9, the angle between the center line a of magnetization element 120 and the direction d of the main magnetic field of rotor 10 is defined as the included angle θ of the magnetization element.

[0081] Some embodiments of the rotor 10 of this application include operating modes of low speed and high speed.

[0082] Referring to Figures 10 and 11, the rotor 10 operates at a low speed. Typically, when designing a motor, it is desirable to maximize the peak torque in the low-speed constant torque region, i.e., to maximize the magnetic flux of the rotor 10. When the motor operates in the low-speed region, the centrifugal force on the transmission assembly 131 is relatively small. Under the elastic force of the elastic element 132, the transmission assembly 131 moves radially inward towards the rotor 10. At this time, the included angle θ of the adjusting magnetic element is at its maximum (e.g., θ = 110°). One gear 1312 of the transmission assembly 131 drives the S-pole adjusting magnetic element 122 to move to the leftmost position, and the other gear 1312 of the transmission assembly 131 drives the N-pole adjusting magnetic element 121 to move to the rightmost position. At this time, the leakage flux of the N-pole permanent magnet 112 through the N-pole adjusting magnetic element 121 is relatively small, and the leakage flux of the S-pole permanent magnet 113 through the S-pole adjusting magnetic element 122 is also relatively small. The main magnetic circuit flux of the rotor 10 is maintained at a high level, which can improve the peak torque.

[0083] Referring to Figures 12 and 13, the rotor 10 operates at high speed. Typically, when designing a motor, it is desirable to maximize power in the high-speed region, usually achieved through software field weakening. However, this can lead to magnetic field distortion and demagnetization risks. When the motor operates in the high-speed region, the transmission assembly 131 experiences a significant centrifugal force. Under this force, the transmission assembly 131 moves radially outward from the rotor 10. At this point, the angle θ between the magnet adjusting components is at its minimum (e.g., θ = 0°). The two gears 1312 of the transmission assembly 131 drive the N-pole magnet adjusting component 121 and the S-pole magnet adjusting component 122 to the middle position of the magnet adjusting slot 111, as shown in Figure 13. At this point, the N-pole permanent magnet 112 experiences significant magnetic leakage through the N-pole magnet adjusting component 121, and the S-pole permanent magnet 113 experiences significant magnetic leakage through the S-pole magnet adjusting component 122. The main magnetic flux of the rotor 10 is maintained at a low level, which can improve power in the high-speed region and effectively avoid the risks of magnetic field distortion, increased losses, and irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets.

[0084] Referring to Figures 14-16 and 17, Figures 14-16 show the magnetic field distribution of the adjusting element 120 at θ = 110°, θ = 55°, and θ = 0°, respectively. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet flux linkage of the single-phase winding when the adjusting element 120 is in different positions. A color version of Figure 17 can be found in the priority text (Chinese patent application No. 202411209309.1). As analyzed above, the leakage flux is minimal when θ = 110°, resulting in the fewest magnetic field lines passing through the adjusting element 120 and a maximum permanent magnet flux linkage of 0.144 Wb for the single-phase winding. The leakage flux increases when θ = 55°, leading to more magnetic field lines passing through the adjusting element 120 and a maximum permanent magnet flux linkage of 0.133 Wb for the single-phase winding. The leakage flux is maximum when θ = 0°, resulting in the most magnetic field lines passing through the adjusting element 120 and a maximum permanent magnet flux linkage of 0.121 Wb for the single-phase winding.

[0085] Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides a permanent magnet motor 1, as shown in FIG10, the permanent magnet motor 1 includes at least one of the above-described rotors 10.

[0086] In some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG18, the permanent magnet motor 1 further includes at least one stator 20, wherein the rotor 10 and the stator 20 are arranged alternately along the radial direction of the permanent magnet motor 1.

[0087] The permanent magnet motor 1 also includes a housing 30 and an end cover 40, which form a space for accommodating the rotor 10 and the stator 20. The stator 20 includes a stator core 210 and a stator winding 220. Furthermore, the rotor 10 also includes a shaft 150.

[0088] The permanent magnet motor 1 provided in this application embodiment may include a rotor 10. In the rotor 10, additional magnetic adjustment degrees of freedom are introduced in an adaptive manner by setting the magnetic adjustment component 120 and the slider assembly 130, so as to realize the effective adjustment of the air gap magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor 1 and the real-time control of the no-load back EMF and voltage of the permanent magnet motor 1.

[0089] By incorporating the rotor 10 in the permanent magnet motor 1, when the permanent magnet motor 1 operates in the low-speed, high-torque region, the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 experiences less leakage flux through the magnetic adjustment component 120. By adjusting the magnetic field, the no-load back EMF (i.e., permanent magnet flux linkage) can be increased, thereby increasing the torque and power performance in the low-speed region. When the permanent magnet motor 1 operates in the high-speed region, the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 experiences more leakage flux through the magnetic adjustment component 120, achieving additional field weakening and speed expansion capabilities. The no-load back EMF can be reduced in real time by adjusting the magnetic field. This not only reduces rotor core losses, widens the constant power region, and increases peak torque / power in the high-speed region, but also prevents inverter overvoltage from damaging power devices, adding a layer of protection to the electric drive system.

[0090] Additionally, it is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the permanent magnet motor 1 can be a dual-rotor single-stator permanent magnet motor, that is, the two rotors 10 can be located radially inside and radially outside of a stator 20, respectively. The permanent magnet motor 1 can also be a dual-stator single-rotor permanent magnet motor, that is, the two stators 20 can be located radially inside and radially outside of a rotor 10, respectively.

[0091] This application also provides a powertrain, which may include at least the permanent magnet motor 1 described above.

[0092] By incorporating the aforementioned permanent magnet motor 1 into the powertrain, the permanent magnet motor 1 has a wider constant power operating range and a higher efficiency range due to the magnetic adjustment element 120 and slider assembly 130 of the rotor 10 in the permanent magnet motor 1, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the powertrain.

[0093] In addition, this application embodiment also provides a vehicle, which may include at least the aforementioned permanent magnet motor 1.

[0094] It is understood that the permanent magnet motor 1 is configured to provide power to the vehicle. The permanent magnet motor 1 in this application has a wide constant power operating range and a high-efficiency range, thereby achieving a high degree of matching between the high-efficiency range of the permanent magnet motor 1 and the vehicle's operating point, thereby reducing vehicle power consumption and improving economy. The vehicle may include pure electric or hybrid vehicles, etc. In other embodiments, the vehicle may include electric vehicles or special-purpose vehicles. Electric vehicles may include two-wheeled, three-wheeled, or four-wheeled electric vehicles, and special-purpose vehicles may include various vehicles with specific functions, such as engineering rescue vehicles, water sprinkler trucks, sewage suction trucks, cement mixer trucks, crane trucks, or medical vehicles, etc.

[0095] For vehicles containing batteries, since the magnetic adjustment component 120 helps to increase the inductance of the permanent magnet motor 1, the permanent magnet motor 1 can adjust the inductance of the stator winding 220 in addition to adjusting the permanent magnet flux. The permanent magnet motor 1 can reuse the stator winding inductance to realize the battery's self-heating or charging functions, reduce current harmonics, and thus reduce the risk of permanent magnet heating and irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet.

[0096] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0097] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0098] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0099] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0100] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0101] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rotor, comprising: A rotor core, wherein magnetic poles are provided in the rotor core; A magnetic adjustment element, which is movably disposed in the rotor core; and A slider assembly, which can drive at least two of the magnetic adjustment components to move simultaneously under the rotation of the rotor core, so as to adjust the magnetic flux through the magnetic poles.

2. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein, The rotor also includes a base, which is disposed at at least one axial end of the rotor core, and the slider assembly is movably disposed on the base.

3. The rotor according to claim 2, wherein, The slider assembly includes a transmission component and an elastic element. The two ends of the elastic element are respectively connected to the transmission component and the base. The transmission component can drive the magnetic adjustment component to move in the rotor core.

4. The rotor according to claim 3, wherein, The elastic element may have a first state, in which at least two of the magnetic adjustment elements are in a first position away from the magnetic pole; The elastic element may have a second state in which at least two of the magnetic adjustment elements are in a second position close to the magnetic pole.

5. The rotor according to claim 3, wherein, The transmission assembly includes a gear meshing part and two gears. The gear meshing part is connected to the elastic element, and the two gears are respectively connected to two adjacent magnetic adjustment elements.

6. The rotor according to claim 5, wherein, A fixing hole is provided in the middle of the gear, and the end of the magnetic adjustment component is provided in the fixing hole. The gear meshing part can move radially to drive the two gears to rotate, so that the two adjacent magnetic adjustment components move simultaneously in the rotor core.

7. The rotor according to claim 6, wherein, The fixing hole is a flat hole, and the end of the magnetic adjustment component has a flat position.

8. The rotor according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein, The gear meshing part includes a fixed part and two rack parts. The fixed part is connected to the elastic element and the two rack parts, and the two rack parts are respectively meshed with the two gears.

9. The rotor according to claim 8, wherein, The base is provided with a guide rail, and the gear meshing part is movably disposed on the guide rail.

10. The rotor according to claim 9, wherein, The guide rail is a sliding guide rail or a rolling guide rail.

11. The rotor according to any one of claims 5-10, wherein, The base is a magnetic shielding plate, and the magnetic shielding plate is provided with a movable groove. The end of the magnetic adjustment component can pass through the movable groove and connect with the gear.

12. The rotor according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein, The magnetic adjustment component includes an iron core portion and a rotating portion located at at least one end of the iron core portion, wherein the iron core portion is disposed inside the rotor iron core, and the rotating portion is disposed outside the rotor iron core.

13. The rotor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The magnetic adjustment component is made of permanent magnet material or soft magnetic material.

14. The rotor according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The rotor core is provided with an axially extending magnetic adjustment slot, and the magnetic adjustment component is movably disposed in the magnetic adjustment slot.

15. The rotor according to claim 14, wherein, The magnetic adjustment groove is an arc-shaped groove, and the magnetic adjustment component is an arc-shaped slider that matches the shape of the arc-shaped groove.

16. The rotor according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein, When the slider assembly drives at least two of the magnetic adjustment components to move simultaneously, the movement directions of two adjacent magnetic adjustment components are opposite.

17. The rotor according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein, The magnetic adjustment components are respectively disposed on the radial inner side of the corresponding magnetic pole.

18. The rotor according to claim 17, wherein, A magnetic isolation bridge is provided between the magnetic adjustment component and the magnetic pole.

19. A permanent magnet motor, wherein, It includes at least one rotor as described in any one of claims 1-18.

20. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 19, wherein, It also includes at least one stator, wherein the stator and the rotor are arranged alternately along the radial direction of the permanent magnet motor.

21. A powertrain, wherein, The powertrain includes the permanent magnet motor as described in claim 19 or 20.

22. A vehicle, wherein, The vehicle includes the permanent magnet motor as described in claim 19 or 20.

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