Device and method for controlling an energy system for a device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling an energy system for a device. The method comprises calculating a reference profile for using the energy system. The reference profile indicates a power of the energy system that is required or is to be output over a predetermined period of time. The reference profile is calculated on the basis of standard operating conditions of the energy system for the device and predetermined power requirements of the energy system. Furthermore, the external energy required during the operation of the energy system according to the reference profile is calculated. Flexibility indicator data are then obtained from a network operating device, wherein the flexibility indicator data indicate predicted, required or excess power in a power network in the predetermined period of time. Then, at least one alternative usage profile for using the energy system is calculated on the basis of the flexibility indicator data and predetermined power requirements of the device, wherein the alternative usage profile indicates a power of the energy system that is required or is to be output over a predetermined period of time for operating the device. The alternative usage profile is sent to the network operating device. The invention further relates to a corresponding control device for an energy system and to a network operating device for operating a power network.

Description

[0001] 202413475

[0002] 1

[0003] Description

[0004] System and procedure for controlling an energy system for a facility

[0005] TECHNICAL AREA

[0006] The present invention relates to a system and a method for controlling an energy system for a facility.

[0007] BACKGROUND

[0008] In the field of energy management systems, it is common for energy systems to be operated in facilities such as residential buildings, commercial properties, industrial plants, or entire city districts to meet the facility's energy needs. Well-known systems typically include energy storage, energy producers such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines, or combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as well as energy consumers such as heat pumps, heating systems, or electrical appliances.

[0009] Furthermore, the systems in local energy systems are typically highly interconnected to exchange energy. For example, electricity generated by PV or CHP plants is stored in batteries or used to power heat pumps, electrical, or thermal loads. The operation of each system depends on its state and / or the ambient conditions. For instance, PV generation depends on solar irradiance, the battery's state of charge (SOC) depends on previous energy inputs and outputs, the CHP plant's operation depends on fuel supply, the on / off states of combined heat and power plants have a minimum operating time before they can be switched to the opposite state, the heat pump's efficiency depends on the source and sink temperatures, the SOC of a thermal storage system depends on previous energy inputs and outputs, and the thermal load depends on the ambient temperature.

[0010] However, for the safe and reliable operation of a local energy system, technical and operational limitations must always be observed. Depending on the type of system, there may be several physical limitations that must be met at any given time interval, e.g., minimum and maximum power output, energy capacity, temperature, 202413475

[0011] 2

[0012] Operating time, etc. These limitations and conditions of the facilities restrict the extent to which a facility can be used to provide flexibility.

[0013] Due to the complexity of local energy systems, direct integration of local assets for providing flexibility is not possible. The state of these assets is typically unknown to a grid operator, energy trader, or third-party operator. The strong coupling of assets increases complexity and presents certain challenges, such as the continuous monitoring of their states to keep them within acceptable limits, and high computational time requirements. Systems with thermal loads, in particular, should be considered, as flexibility provision is achieved solely through electrical power.

[0014] Energy management systems are often designed to prioritize the energy needs of the facility without considering the flexibility and dynamic requirements of the power grid. This can lead to situations where excess energy is not used or stored efficiently, or where additional energy demand during peak hours results in higher CO2 emissions due to the activation of additional fossil fuel power plants. Despite significant advances in energy management systems, there remains a need for systems that enable better integration and coordination between facility energy systems and the demands of the power grid.

[0015] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0016] Against this background, one object of the invention is to create a method for controlling an energy system that at least partially overcomes the disadvantages of known systems.

[0017] This problem is solved according to the invention by a method and devices for controlling an energy system with the features specified in the independent claims.

[0018] According to a first aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling an energy system for a facility. The method comprises calculating a reference profile for the use of the energy system. The reference profile specifies the required or deliverable power of the energy system over a predetermined period. (202413475)

[0019] 3

[0020] A reference profile is calculated based on standard operating conditions of the energy system for the facility and predetermined power requirements of the energy system. The external energy input required to operate the energy system according to the reference profile is also calculated. Flexibility indicator data is obtained from a grid operator, specifying forecasted, required, or surplus power in the electricity grid during a predetermined period. At least one alternative usage profile for the energy system is calculated based on the flexibility indicator data and the facility's predetermined power requirements. This alternative usage profile specifies the required or available power from the energy system for the facility's operation over a predetermined period. The alternative usage profile is then sent to the grid operator.

[0021] According to a second aspect, the invention provides a control device for an energy system. The control device is designed to calculate a reference profile for the use of the energy system. The reference profile specifies the required or deliverable power of the energy system over a predetermined period. The reference profile is calculated based on standard operating conditions of the energy system and predetermined power requirements of the energy system. The control device is designed to calculate the required external energy input when the energy system operates according to the reference profile. The control device is designed to receive flexibility indicator data from a grid operator. The flexibility indicator data specifies forecasted, required, or surplus power in a power grid during the predetermined period.The control device is designed to calculate at least one alternative usage profile for the energy system based on flexibility indicator data and predetermined power requirements of the facility. The alternative usage profile specifies the required or required power from the energy system over a predetermined period to operate the facility. The control device is designed to transmit the alternative usage profile to the grid operator. The control device is designed to receive notification from the grid operator regarding usage according to the alternative usage profile. The control device is designed to control the energy system according to the communicated and established alternative usage profile.

[0022] According to a third aspect, the invention provides a network operating device for operating a power grid. The network operating device comprises a control unit designed to generate flexibility indicator data based on historical data.

[0023] 4

[0024] The system is designed to generate energy consumption data, with the flexibility indicator data specifying required or surplus power in an electricity grid during a predetermined period. The control system is further designed to send the flexibility indicator data to multiple control devices from various energy systems. It is also designed to receive alternative usage profiles from each of these multiple control devices, to define a corresponding alternative usage profile for each control device of the various energy systems based on predicted energy consumption, and to communicate the defined alternative usage profile to each control device.

[0025] One of the underlying ideas of the present invention is, among other things, that based on flexibility indicators that show forecasted, required, or surplus power in the electricity grid, the operation of even small energy systems can be dynamically adjusted, thus ensuring more efficient use of available resources. The flexibility data is processed in real time to create alternative operating profiles, which are then made available to the grid operator, which could be an electricity trader or a grid operator. The grid operator can then determine whether, and / or which of these alternative energy system usage profiles leads to the best grid stability without the need to connect external power plants, i.e., fossil fuel power plants.The grid operator can decide whether and to what extent it designs the electricity grid according to one or more alternative usage profiles, and to what extent it is necessary to add an external energy source (based on fossil fuels). This process can thus help to maximize the efficiency and flexibility of the energy system, reduce operating costs, and lower CO2 emissions.

[0026] Obtaining flexibility indicator data makes it possible to adapt the energy system's use to current and future grid conditions, which can promote the integration of renewable energies and grid stability. Flexibility indicators typically provide an incentive for users to adjust their energy consumption or generation accordingly. In practice, this can be achieved through monetary incentives. Based on this flexibility indicator data and the facility's predetermined power requirements, at least one alternative energy system usage profile is calculated. This alternative usage profile specifies the required or available energy system power over a predetermined period, taking into account the grid's flexibility requirements.

[0027] Clause 5 can be seen as a directive given to the network operator to determine, if necessary, the appropriate energy system according to the alternative usage profile obtained from the outside, provided this appears sensible for the electricity grid. This is done taking into account the majority of participants in the electricity grid.

[0028] The process begins with the calculation of a reference profile for the energy system's usage. This reference profile specifies the required or required output of the energy system over a predetermined period. The calculation of the reference profile is based on the standard operating conditions of the energy system for the facility and the predetermined power requirements of the energy system. The standard conditions of the energy system result from typical use of the facility, such as residential buildings, commercial properties, industrial plants, or entire urban districts, where comfort and operating costs are maintained in a specific balance. This process ensures that the energy system's output is optimally matched to the facility's needs.

[0029] In the next step, the external energy expenditure, i.e., the additional CO2 emissions, which should generally also reflect the additional operating costs, incurred when operating the energy system according to the reference profile, is calculated and thus fixed. This calculation makes it possible to quantify the ecological and economic impacts of operating the energy system and, if necessary, to optimize them.

[0030] Flexibility indicator data is then obtained from a grid operator. This data indicates the forecasted, required, or surplus power in an electricity grid during a predetermined period. Collecting this data allows energy systems to be adapted to current grid conditions.

[0031] Based on the obtained flexibility indicator data and the predetermined power requirements of the facility, at least one alternative energy system usage profile is calculated. This alternative usage profile specifies the required or available power from the energy system over a predetermined period to operate the facility. This calculation ensures that the energy system can respond flexibly to grid conditions while simultaneously meeting the facility's power requirements. 202413475

[0032] 6

[0033] Finally, the alternative usage profile is sent to the grid operator. This communication step enables the grid operator to monitor the energy system's usage and, if necessary, make adjustments to ensure optimal grid stability and efficiency. The alternative usage profile can also be transmitted to the grid operator together with the reference usage profile R so that the two profiles can be compared and, if necessary, the alternative usage profile for the respective energy system can be determined.

[0034] Advantageous designs and further developments result from the further sub-claims as well as from the description with reference to the figures in the drawing.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the alternative usage profile deviates from the reference profile to optimally adapt to the flexibility indicator data while adhering to operating ranges during energy system use. Thus, the alternative usage profile deviates from the reference profile to optimally adapt to the flexibility indicator data while adhering to operating ranges during energy system use. This attempts to achieve optimal adaptation to current grid requirements. This deviation is made under the condition that the operating ranges of the energy system are adhered to, meaning that the technical and operational limits of the energy system are not exceeded.Furthermore, it is ensured that the facility continues to have conditions that guarantee its normal operation, i.e., working in a commercial property, production in a factory, or acceptable comfort conditions in a residential property. By adapting the usage profile to the flexibility indicator data, the energy system can, for example, balance peak loads in the electricity grid or absorb surplus energy, which can lead to better integration of renewable energies and a reduction in operating costs and CO2 emissions.

[0036] According to another embodiment, the method for controlling an energy system for a facility includes predetermined power requirements, which include a predetermined minimum power requirement and a predetermined maximum power requirement for the energy system. The predetermined minimum power requirement ensures that the energy system can always meet a base load necessary for the stable operation of the facility. This is particularly important to ensure that critical processes within the facility are not interrupted.

[0037] 7 even if the flexibility indicator data suggests a reduction in output. The predetermined maximum power demand, on the other hand, limits the maximum power the energy system can deliver to prevent overloads and potential damage to the system. These limits are integrated into the calculations of the reference profile and alternative usage profiles, enabling more precise and reliable control of the energy system.

[0038] According to another embodiment, the alternative usage profile is a first alternative usage profile. Furthermore, the external energy input required for operating the energy system according to the first alternative usage profile is calculated. A second alternative usage profile for utilizing the energy system is then calculated based on the flexibility indicator data, the reference profile, and the first alternative usage profile. The second alternative usage profile is calculated such that the required external energy input for the second alternative usage profile lies between the required external energy input for the reference profile and the required external energy input for the first alternative usage profile. The second alternative usage profile is then sent to the grid operator.This intermediate stage offers an additional flexibility option, enabling the grid operator to better adapt the energy system to current grid requirements and operating conditions. Here, too, both alternative usage profiles can be considered binding for the grid operator, who then decides, taking into account the other participants connected to the grid, which of the alternative usage profiles should be used for the energy system in question. This ensures that the energy system is optimally integrated into the grid and can respond to the forecasted, required, or surplus power in the grid.

[0039] According to a further embodiment, a calculation is performed of the external energy input required for operating the energy system according to the second alternative usage profile. This represents an additional level of analysis that makes it possible to evaluate different alternative usage profiles with regard to their efficiency and environmental compatibility. Furthermore, a calculation of a third alternative usage profile is performed, based on the flexibility indicator data, the first alternative usage profile, and the second alternative usage profile. This third alternative usage profile is calculated such that the required external energy input lies between that of the reference profile and that of the second alternative usage profile. This further intermediate stage thus represents another possible usage profile or bid for the 202413475

[0040] 8

[0041] The third alternative usage profile is then sent to the grid operating unit, enabling it to operate under realistic conditions. This ensures that the optimized solution is integrated into the grid, allowing the grid operating unit to better manage the forecasted, required, or surplus power in the grid. This leads to better adaptation to the actual conditions and requirements of the grid, as well as a potential reduction in operating costs and CO2 emissions. It is understood that further alternative usage profiles can be created in the manner described. In practice, 3 to 10 usage profiles are recommended, as this allows the grid operating unit to adapt even better to the needs of the grid.

[0042] According to a further embodiment, the method comprises receiving a defined alternative usage profile from the grid operator, wherein the defined alternative usage profile is one of the usage profiles transmitted to the grid operator. The method further comprises operating the energy system according to the defined alternative usage profile. Receiving a defined alternative usage profile from the grid operator ensures that the energy system responds to the actual needs and conditions of the power grid by using a profile selected by the grid operator based on the forecasted, required, or surplus power.Operating the energy system according to the defined alternative usage profile ensures that the energy system is operated in accordance with the specific requirements and conditions set by the grid operator. This helps to minimize operating costs, external energy consumption, and CO2 emissions.

[0043] According to another embodiment, the flexibility indicator data is calculated by a grid operator based on historical data of time-dependent electricity consumption in the grid. The grid operator continuously collects and analyzes data on electricity consumption at different times to identify patterns and trends. This data can also be collected, for example, by an external grid monitoring device. This historical data is then used to generate flexibility indicator data that more accurately reflects the forecasted loads and surpluses in the grid over the predetermined period. By incorporating this historical data, the grid operator can obtain a more accurate and reliable basis for calculating the flexibility indicator data.

[0044] 9. The new features of this embodiment therefore contribute to increasing the efficiency and reliability of the power grid by enabling a more precise adaptation of energy generation and use to the actual grid conditions.

[0045] According to another embodiment, the energy system comprises a power consumer and a power generator, meaning that the system can both absorb and generate energy. This significantly expands the functionality of the energy system, as it can not only passively consume energy but also actively contribute to energy generation. This dual capability enables more flexible and efficient use of the energy system, particularly with regard to adapting to the flexibility indicator data obtained from the grid operator. For example, a power consumer in the energy system could be an industrial machine or a household appliance, while a power generator could be a photovoltaic system or a wind turbine.By integrating both components, the energy system can dynamically respond to energy demands and supplies in the electricity grid by either drawing energy from the grid or feeding surplus energy into the grid. This contributes to the stability and efficiency of the entire energy system and enables better use of renewable energies.

[0046] In further embodiments, the energy system includes, in particular, an energy storage system, adding another layer of flexibility and efficiency. An energy storage system, such as a battery or a pumped-storage hydroelectric plant, can store energy when it is abundant and release it when it is scarce. This is especially useful in scenarios where energy generation from renewable sources such as solar or wind power fluctuates. The energy storage system enables the energy system to balance these fluctuations and ensure a continuous energy supply. Integrating an energy storage system into the energy system also improves the system's ability to respond to flexibility indicator data, as it can store excess energy when grid demand is low and release this energy when demand is high.This leads to optimized use of available resources and a reduction in operating costs and CO2 emissions. The new features thus bring a significant improvement in the efficiency and flexibility of the energy system by combining the ability to generate, store, and consume energy in an integrated system.

[0047] This not only allows for better adaptation to grid requirements, but also contributes to the stability and sustainability of the entire energy system. 202413475

[0048] 10

[0049] According to another embodiment, the energy system comprises a temperature consumer and a temperature generator. These features also enhance the functionality and flexibility of the described method for controlling the energy system. The temperature consumer and the temperature generator enable precise control of the thermal energy within the system, which is particularly advantageous in facilities with specific temperature requirements. Overall, the new features improve the efficiency and flexibility of the energy system by enabling and providing more precise control of the thermal energy.

[0050] According to another embodiment, the energy system includes a renewable energy generation plant. Firstly, integrating a renewable energy generation plant into the energy system enables the direct generation of electricity from renewable energy sources, reducing dependence on external energy sources and increasing the sustainability of the energy system. The new features introduced by integrating a renewable energy generation plant thus offer improved energy efficiency and sustainability by reducing operating costs and CO2 emissions.

[0051] According to another embodiment, the energy system includes a photovoltaic system. A photovoltaic system is one of the most widespread forms of renewable energy generation, capable of providing potentially large amounts of energy. Alternatively, the energy system can also include other renewable energy generation systems, such as a wind turbine, a combined heat and power plant, a geothermal power plant, a tidal power plant, etc. The photovoltaic system and some other renewable energy generation systems are typically equipped with an inverter that converts the generated direct current into alternating current, which can then be fed into the power grid or used directly to meet the facility's energy needs.An energy management system can send real-time data on the current output of the photovoltaic system, as well as forecasts of future energy production based on weather forecasts and historical data, to the grid operator. It is advantageous to create alternative usage profiles based on this historical and weather data to reliably ensure the system's operation.

[0052] According to another embodiment, the energy system includes a heat pump. The integration of a heat pump enables more efficient energy use, in particular 202413475

[0053] 11. This relates to heat supply and use within the facility. This is particularly relevant in scenarios with both heating and cooling requirements, as heat pumps are able to extract energy from the ambient air, water, or ground and use it efficiently for heating or cooling. The calculation of the reference profile and alternative usage profiles therefore also takes into account the operating parameters and performance requirements of the heat pump, such as minimum and maximum output temperature and minimum and maximum ventilation rate. Including the heat pump allows for a more flexible alternative usage profile to respond to fluctuations in the electricity grid. For example, the heat pump can be operated more intensively during periods of low grid load to generate thermal energy or, depending on the design, to store it, which can then be used when grid load is high.This contributes to stabilizing the electricity grid and enables optimized use of renewable energies, which are often available in fluctuating quantities.

[0054] According to another embodiment, the energy system includes a solar thermal system. The solar thermal system, which typically converts solar energy into thermal energy by heating a fluid, requires precise control and monitoring to maximize its efficiency and optimize its integration into the energy system. Therefore, calculating a reference profile for utilizing the energy system must consider the specific operating conditions of the solar thermal system, such as solar irradiance, thermal storage capacity, and heat dissipation by the facility. This means that the calculation of the reference profile is based not only on standard operating conditions and predetermined performance requirements, but also on meteorological data and the thermal dynamics of the solar thermal system.Since a solar thermal system produces no CO2 emissions during operation and is essentially maintenance-free, the specific characteristics of the solar thermal system can therefore lead to lower CO2 emissions and lower operating costs.

[0055] According to another embodiment, the energy system includes a thermal energy storage device. The thermal energy storage device, or temperature storage device, can store heat energy that can be used at a later time to maximize the efficiency of the energy system and reduce operating costs. The thermal energy storage device can, for example, be a well-insulated boiler containing a liquid. A well-insulated solid or gas is also conceivable as a thermal energy storage device or temperature storage device. The integration of a thermal energy storage device enables the energy system to utilize excess heat energy, which 202413475

[0056] The system stores energy generated during periods of low demand or high energy production and releases it again during peak load times or periods of high demand. This leads to better utilization of the generated energy and reduces the need to rely on external energy sources, which in turn lowers operating costs and CO2 emissions. In particular, such a thermal energy storage system, when combined with a solar thermal system and / or a central heating system in a building, creates a synergistic advantage, as thermal energy consumption and / or its generation can be shifted over time. The new features thus improve energy efficiency, reduce operating costs, and minimize environmental impact through the use of renewable and stored energy sources.

[0057] According to another embodiment, the energy system includes a combined heat and power (CHP) generator. Integrating such a generator enables the simultaneous production of electrical energy and heat. The generated heat can be used directly for heating or industrial processes within the facility, while the electrical energy can either be consumed on-site or fed into the power grid. This results in better utilization of available energy sources and thus a reduction in operating costs and CO2 emissions, offering both economic and environmental benefits.

[0058] According to a further embodiment, the control device comprises a control unit for controlling the energy system according to the communicated and defined alternative usage profile. The control device can be configured as the control unit of the energy system and is responsible for controlling operating parameters of the energy system according to usage profiles.

[0059] According to another embodiment, the control device includes a communication processing unit designed to calculate the reference profile and the alternative usage profile, as well as to communicate with the network operating unit. Thus, the control device also includes an electronic processor that makes it possible to calculate realistic usage profiles of the energy system.

[0060] The above embodiments and further developments can be combined with one another as appropriate. In particular, the embodiments of the method can be applied accordingly to the respective devices, such as the control unit or the network operating unit, and vice versa, where technically feasible. Further possible 202413475

[0061] 13

[0062] Embodiments, further developments, and implementations of the invention also include combinations of features of the invention not explicitly mentioned above or below with regard to exemplary embodiments. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.

[0063] DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0064] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the schematic figures of the drawings. These show:

[0065] Fig. 1: a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling a

[0066] Energy system according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0067] Fig. 2: a schematic block diagram of an energy system and its

[0068] Control unit and communication with a network operating unit and several units according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0069] Fig. 3: a schematic block diagram of a control device connected to a

[0070] Network operating equipment and an energy system communicates, according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0071] Fig. 4: a diagram showing a reference profile and two alternative usage profiles of the required or delivered power of the energy system over a predetermined period according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0072] Fig. 5: a diagram of the flexibility indicator data over a predetermined period according to an embodiment of the invention; and

[0073] Fig. 6: a diagram of the performance profiles, including the reference profile and the alternative usage profiles, as well as the flexibility indicator data over a predetermined period according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0074] The accompanying drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention. They illustrate embodiments and, in conjunction with the description, serve to explain the principles and concepts of the invention. Other 202413475

[0075] 14

[0076] The embodiments and many of the aforementioned advantages become apparent with reference to the drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily shown to scale.

[0077] In the figures of the drawings, identical, functionally equivalent and similarly acting elements, features and components - unless otherwise stated - are each provided with the same reference symbols.

[0078] Fig. 1 shows a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling an energy system 10 for a device 11, 11ac according to an embodiment of the invention. The flowchart consists of several successive steps, represented by rectangular blocks and connected by arrows to clarify the sequence of operations.

[0079] The first step, designated M1, involves calculating a reference profile R for the use of the energy system 10. The reference profile R specifies the required or deliverable power of the energy system 10 over a predetermined period T and is calculated based on standard operating conditions of the energy system 10 and predetermined power requirements of the facility 11, 11ac. The energy system can include any energy consumers, energy producers, or energy storage devices. For example, in certain embodiments, the energy system includes an energy consumer and an energy producer. In other embodiments, the energy system 10 includes, in particular, an electrical energy storage device. In further embodiments, the energy system 10 includes a temperature consumer, a temperature generator, and / or a renewable energy generation plant, such as a photovoltaic system, a wind turbine, or a geothermal power plant.In some embodiments, the energy system 10 includes a heat pump, a solar thermal system, a thermal energy storage system and / or a combined heat and power (CHP) electric generator.

[0080] In the second step, designated M2, the external energy expenditure required for the operation of energy system 10 according to the reference profile R is calculated. The external expenditure represents the operating costs or CO2 emissions required for operating according to the reference profile R in this case. This allows for an assessment of the efficiency and environmental impact of the energy system. This step finalizes the reference profile R for the operation of energy system 10. 202413475

[0081] 15

[0082] The third step, designated M3, involves obtaining flexibility indicator data F from a grid operating facility 12. This flexibility indicator data indicates forecasted, required, or surplus power in an electricity grid 13 during the predetermined period T and is intended for adapting the energy system to grid requirements.

[0083] The fourth step, designated M4, comprises calculating at least one alternative usage profile A1, A2 for utilizing the energy system 10 based on the flexibility indicator data and the predetermined power requirements of the facility 11, 11a-c. The alternative usage profile A1 specifies the power required or to be supplied by the energy system 10 over a predetermined period for operating the facility 11, 11a-c. In further embodiments, the predetermined power requirements include a predetermined minimum power requirement of the energy system and a predetermined maximum power requirement of the energy system.

[0084] In the fifth step, designated M5, the alternative usage profile A1 is sent to the grid operator 12. This step is designed to inform the grid operator about the planned use of the energy system and to receive feedback. The alternative usage profile A1 can also be transmitted to the grid operator together with the reference usage profile R so that the two profiles R and A1 can be compared. Furthermore, in other embodiments, a plurality of alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An are calculated and sent to the grid operator 12, so that the plurality of alternative usage profiles are used as a bid for the grid operator 12.

[0085] In certain embodiments, when calculating several alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An, the external energy input required for operating the energy system 10 according to the corresponding alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An is also calculated. Likewise, the additional alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An for using the energy system 10 are calculated based on the flexibility indicator data and the previously calculated alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An such that the required external energy input for the subsequent alternative usage profile A1, A2, ..., An lies between the required external energy input for the reference profile and the required external energy input for the previously created alternative usage profile A1, A2, ..., An. Then, all calculated alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An are sent to the network operating unit 12. 202413475

[0086] 16

[0087] The sixth step, which is generally optional for the present invention and is designated as M6, comprises obtaining a defined alternative usage profile from the network operating unit 12. This defined alternative usage profile can be one of the alternative usage profiles A1, A2, An sent to the network operating unit and is selected based on the network requirements of the power grid 13.

[0088] The seventh and final step, designated M7, which is essentially optional for the present invention, comprises operating the energy system 10 according to the defined alternative usage profile. This step ensures that the energy system 10 is operated in an optimal manner adapted to the grid requirements of the power grid 13 and that the power grid 13 is thereby stabilized.

[0089] In summary, Fig. 1 illustrates a structured procedure for dynamically adapting the use of an energy system 10 to the requirements of an electricity grid 13 in order to maximize efficiency and sustainability.

[0090] Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of an energy system 10 and its control unit 14, as well as the communication with a network operating unit 12 according to one embodiment of the invention. The network operating unit 12 also communicates with other energy systems, designated by reference numerals 11a, 11b, and 11c, which are likewise communicatively connected to a network operating unit 12. The embodiments shown here are compatible with the method described with reference to Fig. 1.

[0091] The control unit 14, which is responsible for controlling the energy system 10 of a facility 11, such as residential buildings, commercial properties, industrial plants, or entire city districts, receives flexibility indicator data F from the grid operating unit 12, which corresponds to step M3 of the procedure. The grid operating unit 12 operates, monitors, and forecasts the state of the electricity grid 13. The flexibility indicator data F indicates required or surplus power in an electricity grid 13. This data is intended for calculating alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ... , An of the energy system 10.

[0092] The energy system 10 is integrated into the device 11. In this embodiment, the device 11 is a control unit 14 capable of calculating a reference profile R for using the energy system 10. In further embodiments, the energy system 202413475

[0093] 17

[0094] The energy system 10 may also be located outside the facility 11 and only be communicatively connected to the energy system 10 within the facility 10. The reference profile R specifies the required or deliverable power of the energy system 10 over a predetermined period and is calculated based on standard operating conditions and predetermined power requirements.

[0095] The control unit 14 contains a communication processing unit 142 and a control unit 141. The communication processing unit 142 is responsible for calculating the reference profile R and alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An, as well as for communicating with the network operating unit 12. The control unit 141 controls the energy system 10 according to the defined profiles.

[0096] After calculating the reference profile R and the required external energy input, which reflects the anticipated CO2 emissions and, generally, the operating costs according to the reference profile, the control unit 14 receives flexibility indicator data from the grid operating unit 12, corresponding to step M3 of the procedure. Based on this data and the predetermined power requirements of the unit 11, the control unit 14 calculates at least one alternative usage profile A1, A2, ..., An, corresponding to step M4 of the procedure. This alternative usage profile A1, A2, ..., An is then sent to the grid operating unit 12, corresponding to step M5 of the procedure. Multiple alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An can be generated and sent to the grid operating unit 12, which then considers them as bids for the operation of the energy system 10.

[0097] The network operating unit 12 can then send a defined alternative usage profile back to the control unit 14, which corresponds to the sixth step M6 of the procedure. The control unit 14 then controls the energy system 10 according to this defined alternative usage profile M7, which corresponds to the seventh step M7 of the procedure. The energy system 10 sends operating data back to the control unit 14.

[0098] Figure 2 also shows the interaction between the additional devices 11a-11c, represented by the dashed lines, which illustrate the connection and information flow between the additional devices 11a, 11b, 11c and the network operating unit 12. The solid lines show the direct information flow and control signals between the network operating unit 12, the control unit 14 and the energy system 10. 202413475

[0099] 18

[0100] In summary, Fig. 2 illustrates the complex interaction and information exchange between the various components of the system for controlling an energy system 11, including the calculation of reference and alternative usage profiles R, A1 , A2, An, communication with the network operating unit 12 and the control of the energy system based on the obtained profiles.

[0101] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a control device 14 that communicates with a grid operating unit 12 and an energy system 10. The embodiment shown here is compatible with the method described with reference to Fig. 1 and the system and components described in Fig. 2. The communication processing unit 142 of the control device 14 is connected to a grid operating unit 12 and a control unit 141. The grid operating unit 12 is designed to generate flexibility indicator data F, which specifies the forecasted, required, or surplus power in a power grid 13 over a predetermined period, and to send this data to control devices 14 of energy systems 10.

[0102] The control unit 142 receives the flexibility indicator data F from the grid operating unit 12 and, based on this data and the predetermined power requirements of the facility 11, 11 ac, calculates at least one alternative usage profile A1, A2, ..., An, which corresponds to step M3 of the procedure. This alternative usage profile A1, A2, ..., An specifies a required or to-be-supplied power of the energy system 10 over a predetermined period for the operation of the facility 11, 11 ac. The calculated alternative usage profile is then sent to the grid operating unit 12, which corresponds to step M5 of the procedure.

[0103] The control unit 141 is designed to control the energy system 10 according to the communicated and defined alternative usage profile, which can be one of the alternative usage profiles A1, A2, ..., An sent to the network operating unit 12. This includes adjusting the operating parameters of the energy system 10 according to the defined alternative usage profile.

[0104] Fig. 4 shows a diagram representing the power profiles over a predetermined period T. The y-axis of the diagram indicates the power in kW, while the x-axis represents the predetermined period T in exemplary units from 1 to 100. Diagram 202413475

[0105] Figure 19 illustrates three different performance profiles: the reference profile R, the first alternative usage profile A1 and the second alternative usage profile A2.

[0106] The reference profile R shows the required or deliverable power of energy system 10 under standard operating conditions and predetermined power requirements. This profile serves as the basis for calculating the alternative usage profiles A1 and A2.

[0107] The first alternative usage profile A1 is calculated based on the flexibility indicator data and the predetermined power requirements of facility 11, 11a-c. It shows an adjustment of the required or supplied power of the energy system 10 over the predetermined period T to better meet the predicted requirements of the electricity grid 13.

[0108] The second alternative usage profile, A2, is also calculated based on the flexibility indicator data, the reference profile R, and the first alternative usage profile, A1. It represents a further alternative where the required external energy input, operating costs, or CO2 emissions lie between the values ​​of the reference profile R and the first alternative usage profile, A1.

[0109] The solid line R represents the reference profile, the dashed line A1 the first alternative usage profile, and the dashed line A2 the second alternative usage profile. The performance values ​​vary over the predetermined period T to accommodate different requirements and conditions. The displayed performance profiles allow for a response to the predicted demands of the power grid 13, thereby optimizing external energy consumption, operating costs, and CO2 emissions.

[0110] Figure 5 shows a graph representing the flexibility indicator data F over a predetermined period T. The y-axis (51) represents the flexibility indicator, which can range from -1 to 1. The x-axis (52) indicates the predetermined period T in hours. The flexibility indicator F varies over time, showing peaks and troughs that indicate the forecasted, required, or surplus power in an electricity grid. The values ​​of the flexibility indicator F range from -0.2 to 1.2, with positive values ​​indicating a surplus and negative values ​​indicating a shortage of power.

[0111] 20

[0112] The diagram in Fig. 6 illustrates the performance profiles of an energy system over a predetermined period T. The x-axis 62 represents the time axis. The y-axis 62 on the left represents the power in kilowatts (kW), while the y-axis 63 on the right shows the flexibility indicator F, which can range from -1 to 1.

[0113] Figure 6 shows several performance profiles: the reference profile R, the first alternative usage profile A1, and the second alternative usage profile A2. The reference profile R shows the required or available power of the energy system over the predetermined period T, based on standard operating conditions and predetermined power requirements of the energy system 10. The first alternative usage profile A1 and the second alternative usage profile A2 are calculated based on the flexibility indicator data F and the predetermined power requirements, with the second alternative usage profile A2 being located between the first alternative usage profile A1 and the reference profile R in terms of external energy input.

[0114] The diagram shows that the reference profile R exhibits relative performance over the predetermined period T, while the alternative usage profiles A1 and A2 make adjustments to account for the flexibility indicator F. The first alternative usage profile, A1, shows a significant deviation from the reference profile R, particularly in the first few hours of the predetermined period T, to respond to flexibility demands. The second alternative usage profile, A2, shows a moderate adjustment, falling between the reference profile R and the first alternative usage profile A1. This is clearly evident, for example, at a point where the flexibility indicator F exhibits a peak P. At this point, the first alternative profile A1 makes a maximum deviation from the reference profile to maximize the consideration of the flexibility indicator F.The second alternative usage profile A2, on the other hand, has a smaller deviation and is located between the first alternative usage profile A1 and the reference profile R.

[0115] The flexibility indicator data F, represented by the solid line, varies over time and influences the calculation of the alternative usage profiles A1 and A2. The adjustments in the alternative usage profiles aim to optimize the required or available power of the energy system while simultaneously meeting the flexibility requirements of the electricity grid. In the example shown, the reference profile R and the alternative usage profiles A1 and A2 are identical after the predetermined period T. 202413475

[0116] 21

[0117] Although the present invention has been fully described above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto, but can be modified in many ways.

[0118] 202413475

[0119] 22

[0120] Reference symbol list

[0121] 10 Energy system

[0122] 11. Establishment

[0123] 11a-11c Other facilities

[0124] 12 Network operating equipment

[0125] 13 Power grid

[0126] 14 Control unit

[0127] 41 X-axis (time axis) in Fig. 4

[0128] 42 Y-axis (power) in Fig. 4

[0129] 51 X-axis (time axis) in Fig. 5

[0130] 52 Y-axis (flexibility indicator value) in Fig. 5

[0131] 61 X-axis (time axis) in Fig. 6

[0132] 62 Left Y-axis (power) in Fig. 6

[0133] 63 Right Y-axis (flexibility indicator value) in Fig. 6

[0134] 141 Control unit

[0135] 142 Communication Calculation Unit

[0136] A1 First alternative usage profile

[0137] A2 Second alternative usage profile

[0138] P Peak

[0139] R Reference Profile

[0140] T time

Claims

202413475 23 Patent claims:

1. Method for controlling an energy system (10) for a facility (11 , 11a-c), comprising Calculate (M1) a reference profile (R) for the use of the energy system (10), wherein the reference profile specifies a required or deliverable power of the energy system (10) over a predetermined period (T), wherein the reference profile is calculated based on standard operating conditions of the energy system (10) for the facility (11, 11a-c) and predetermined power requirements of the energy system (10), Calculate (M2) the external energy input required for the operation of the energy system (10) according to the reference profile, Receiving (M3) flexibility indicator data (F) from a grid operating unit (12), wherein the flexibility indicator data indicate forecasted, required or surplus power in an electricity grid (13) during the predetermined period (T), calculating (M4) at least one alternative usage profile (A1, A2) for the use of the energy system (10) based on the flexibility indicator data and predetermined power requirements of the unit (11, 11a-c), wherein the alternative usage profile indicates a required or available power of the energy system (10) over a predetermined period for the operation of the unit (11, 11a-c), and sending (M5) the alternative usage profile to the grid operating unit (12).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alternative usage profile has a deviation from the reference profile (R) for optimal adaptation to the flexibility indicator data (F) while maintaining operating ranges when using the energy system (10).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the predetermined performance requirements include a predetermined minimum performance requirement of the energy system (10) and a predetermined maximum performance requirement of the energy system (10).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alternative usage profile (A1) is a first alternative usage profile, further comprising Calculation of the external energy expenditure required for the operation of the energy system (10) according to the first alternative usage profile, 202413475 24 Calculating a second alternative usage profile (A2) for the use of the energy system (10) based on the flexibility indicator data, the reference profile and the first alternative usage profile, wherein the required external energy input for the second alternative usage profile is between the required external energy input for the reference profile and the required external energy input for the first alternative usage profile, Sending the second alternative usage profile to the network operating facility (12).

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: Calculation of the external energy expenditure required for the operation of the energy system (10) according to the second alternative usage profile, Calculating a third alternative usage profile for the use of the energy system (10) based on the flexibility indicator data, the first alternative usage profile and the second alternative usage profile, wherein the required external energy input for the third alternative usage profile is between the required external energy input for the reference profile and the required external energy input for the second alternative usage profile, Sending the third alternative usage profile to the network operating facility (12).

6. A method according to any of the foregoing claims, further comprising: Receiving (M6) a specified alternative usage profile from the network operating unit (12), wherein the specified alternative usage profile is one of the usage profiles sent to the network operating unit (12), Operating (M7) the energy system (10) in accordance with the established alternative usage profile.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexibility indicator data is calculated by the network operating unit (12) based on historical data of time-dependent electricity consumption in the electricity network (13).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy system (10) includes a power consumer and a power generator, wherein the energy system (10) in particular includes an energy storage device.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, 202413475 25 that the energy system (10) includes a temperature consumer and a temperature generator.

10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the energy system (10) includes a renewable energy generation plant.

11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the energy system (10) includes a photovoltaic system, a heat pump, a solar thermal system, a thermal energy storage system and / or a combined heat and power (CHP) electrical generator.

12. Control device (14) for an energy system (10) designed to: calculate a reference profile for the use of the energy system (10), wherein the reference profile specifies a required or to-supply power of the energy system (10) over a predetermined period, wherein the reference profile is calculated based on standard operating conditions of the energy system (10) and predetermined power requirements of the energy system (10); calculate a required external energy input when the energy system (10) is operated according to the reference profile; obtain flexibility indicator data from a grid operating facility (12), wherein the flexibility indicator data specifies forecasted, required, or surplus power in an electricity grid (13) during the predetermined period; and generate at least one alternative usage profile for the use of the energy system (10) based on the flexibility indicator data and predetermined power requirements of the facility (11).11a-c) to calculate, wherein the alternative usage profile specifies a required or to-be-supplied power of the energy system (10) over a predetermined period for the operation of the facility (11, 11a-c), to send the alternative usage profile to the network operating facility (12), to receive a notification of usage according to the alternative usage profile from the network operating facility (12), and to control the energy system (10) according to the communicated and established alternative usage profile.

13. Control device according to claim 12, characterized in that a control unit (141) is provided for controlling the energy system (10) according to the communicated and specified alternative usage profile. 202413475 26 14. Control device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a communication calculation unit (142) is provided which is designed to calculate the reference profile and the alternative usage profile and to communicate with the network operating unit (12).

15. Network operating equipment (12) for operating an electricity network, comprising a control device designed to, to generate flexibility indicator data based on historical energy consumption data, wherein the flexibility indicator data (F) indicate required or surplus power in an electricity grid (13) during the predetermined period, to send the flexibility indicator data to a plurality of control devices (14) from different energy systems (10), to obtain alternative usage profiles (A1 , A2, ... , An) from each of the plurality of control devices, to define a corresponding alternative usage profile (A1, A2, ... , An) for each of the control devices (14) of the different energy systems (10) based on a predicted energy consumption, and to communicate the defined alternative usage profile to each of the control devices (14).

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