System and method for tracing a location of an international in-roamer register (IIR) subscriber in a network

Abstract

A method (600) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network (106) is described. The method (600) includes receiving, by an International In-Roamer Server (IIR) (212) server, a customized request from a visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP) (226A). The IIR (212) server then parses the customized request to extract a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and dynamic roaming parameters linked to the subscriber, which are stored in a database (210). The method (600) includes retrieving, by the IIR (212) server, a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) to the extracted SUPI from a Home-Unified Data Management (H-UDM) (224B) based on an identifier translation technique. The method (600) includes providing, by the IIR (212) server, the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to a Visited-Gateway Mobile Location Centre (V-GMLC) (218), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TRACING A LOCATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL IN-ROAMER REGISTER (HR) SUBSCRIBER IN A NETWORKRESERVATION OF RIGHTS

[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material, which is subject to intellectual property rights such as, but are not limited to, copyright, design, trademark, Integrated Circuit (IC) layout design, and / or trade dress protection, belonging to Jio Platforms Limited or its affiliates (hereinafter referred as owner). The owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. All rights to such intellectual property are fully reserved by the owner.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of telecommunication networks. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system and a method for tracing a location of an international in-roamer register (HR) subscriber in a network.DEFINITION

[0003] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used to indicate otherwise.

[0004] The expression “Network Function (NF)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a software-based component that executes specific network taskswithin a telecom network, including but not limited to functions related to authentication, authorization, location tracking, and session management. The NFs can be instantiated and scaled dynamically, allowing for flexible network management and optimization in both 4G and 5G architectures.

[0005] The expression “International In-roamer Register (HR)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a specialized network node that stores and manages the roaming data of international subscribers who are visiting a network. The HR facilitates the retrieval of information such as subscriber identity, location, and mobility data, enabling accurate tracking and communication with the home network of the international in-roamer subscriber.

[0006] The expression “Diameter Edge Agent (DEA)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a network function responsible for routing and managing diameter protocol messages at the edge of the network. The DEA serves as an intermediary that handles authentication, authorization, and accounting requests, ensuring secure and efficient communication between the visited network and external entities.

[0007] The expression "Home-Diameter Edge Agent (H-DEA)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to an instance of the DEA deployed within a home network. The H-DEA provides secure and efficient communication between the home network and external entities, including visited networks, particularly in roaming scenarios.

[0008] The expression "Visited-Diameter Edge Agent (V-DEA)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to an instance of the DEA deployed within a visited network, configured to route and manage Diameter protocol messages related to authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for roaming subscribers, and to securely interface with external entities such as the home network DEA.

[0009] The expression “Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a network node that manages the retrieval of location information for mobile subscribers. The GMLC interfaces with various network elements to obtain and provide accurate location data, supporting services such as emergency calls, location-based services, and lawful interception.

[0010] The expression "Visited Gateway Mobile Location Centre (V-GMLC)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to the GMLC deployed in a visited network, configured to interface with serving network elements to obtain the location of roaming mobile subscribers, and to support services such as emergency call handling, locationbased services, and lawful interception.

[0011] The expression “Diameter Routing Agent (DRA)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a network component that optimizes the routing of diameter messages within the telecom network. The DRA ensures that messages are directed to the appropriate nodes, such as the DEA, GMLC, and HR, thereby reducing network congestion, improving response times, and enhancing overall network efficiency.

[0012] The expression "Visited-Diameter Routing Agent (V-DRA)" refers to an instance of the DRA deployed within a visited network, configured to route Diameter messages between network functions for roaming subscribers. The V-DRA ensures efficient and policy-compliant message routing, load balancing, and Diameter session management, while securely interfacing with the home network's DRA or DEA.

[0013] The expression “Mobility Management Entity (MME)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a key control node in the network responsible for handling signalling related to mobility and session management. The MME coordinates with other network functions to manage handovers, attach / detach procedures, and bearer activation / deactivation for the subscribers.

[0014] The expression “Visited Mobility Management Entity (V-MME)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to an instance of the MME deployed within a visited network, configured to manage control-plane functions such as mobility management, session handling, and bearer establishment for roaming subscribers. The V-MME interfaces with the home network and other core elements to enable secure and seamless mobility

[0015] The expression “Service Communication Proxy (SCP)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a network function that acts as a communication facilitator, routing, and balancing a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) message in the network. The SCP provides efficient and secure message routing between network functions, including facilitating communication between visited and home network entities.

[0016] The expression "Home Service Communication Proxy (H-SCP)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to an instance of the SCP deployed within a home network, acting as a communication facilitator that routes and balances HTTP messages between network functions in the home network, providing efficient and secure message routing, including communication with visited network entities.

[0017] The expression “Visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to the SCP deployed in a visited network, configured to route and balance HTTP messages between network functions in the visited and home networks, thereby enabling secure and efficient inter-network communication during roaming.

[0018] The expression “Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a security-focused network function that protects and manages the inter-network interfaces between the visited and home networks. The SEPP ensures may provide secure communication by encrypting anddecrypting messages, thereby maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged across network boundaries. The expression "Visited-Security Edge Protection Proxy (V-SEPP)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to an instance of the SEPP deployed within the visited network. The V-SEPP provides the confidentiality, integrity, and trustworthiness of data during inter-network communication, particularly in roaming scenarios.

[0019] The expression "Home Security Edge Protection Proxy (H-SEPP)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to the SEPP deployed in the home Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), responsible for securing service-based interconnect (SBI) signaling over the N32 interface with the V-SEPP, by providing functions such as application-layer security, message encryption, integrity protection, and topology hiding.

[0020] The expression “Unified Data Management (UDM)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a central data repository in the 5G network that stores and manages subscriber-related information, including profiles, authentication credentials, and service subscriptions. The UDM facilitates access to this data by various network functions to support subscriber services, authentication, and policy management.

[0021] The expression "Home Unified Data Management (H-UDM)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to an instance of the UDM deployed within a home network. The H-UDM provides data to authorized network functions to support subscriber authentication, service access, and policy enforcement, particularly in scenarios involving inter-network communication or roaming.

[0022] The expression "Visited Unified Data Management (V-UDM)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to an instance of the UDM function deployed within a visited network, configured to assist in managing subscriber-related information such as temporary profiles, authentication data, or policy-relatedparameters for roaming subscribers. The V-UDM may coordinate with the Home UDM (H-UDM) to support secure and efficient service access, authentication, and policy enforcement.

[0023] The expression “Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a core network function in the network that handles signalling related to access, mobility management, and connection setup. The AMF coordinates with the UDM and other network functions to manage registration, connection establishment, handovers, and session continuity for mobile subscribers.

[0024] The expression "Visited Access and Mobility Management Function (V-AMF)" refers to an instance of the Access and Mobility Management Function deployed within the visited network, responsible for managing signaling related to access, mobility, and session management for roaming subscribers, and coordinating with the home network UDM and other functions for seamless registration, handovers, and session continuity.

[0025] The expression “Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a unique identifier assigned to each mobile subscriber in the network. The SUPI is used to identify and authenticate the subscriber within the network and is typically stored in the UDM. It is designed to be globally unique, allowing for efficient and secure subscriber identification, especially in scenarios involving roaming between different network operators.

[0026] The expression “Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to an identifier used to publicly reference a subscriber in the network. The GPSI is derived from the SUPI and is used for services that do not require the full security of the SUPI, such as making a voice call or sendinga text message. The GPSI allows for a level of privacy protection by providing a public identifier that can be mapped to the SUPI without exposing the SUPI itself.

[0027] These definitions are in addition to those expressed in the art.BACKGROUND

[0028] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the reader's understanding with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.

[0029] With the rapid adoption of 5G networks, there has been an increase in international roaming, which allows subscribers to use their mobile devices in foreign network. These international in-roamer subscribers connect to the visited 5G network while still being managed by their home network subscriber management system. Traditionally, location of such roaming subscribers is tracked using various network components, including an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and a Unified Data Management (UDM) system.

[0030] In existing 4G networks, the International In-Roamer Register (IIR) facilitates the tracking of international roaming subscribers by interfacing with a Mobility Management Entity (MME) to retrieve and manage subscriber location information. This approach has been successful in enabling 4G networks to provide accurate location data for in-roamer subscribers.

[0031] However, the transition to 5G networks introduces new complexities and requirements for location tracking, particularly for international in-roamer subscribers. In a typical 5G international roaming scenario, the AMF and a GatewayMobile Location Centre (GMLC) of a visited network handle subscriber management, while the UDM resides in the home network of the international operator to which the subscriber belongs. One of the key challenges arises from the fact that the current 5G roaming guidelines do not specify use of a standardized interface between the 5G GMLC and the UDM hosted in the home network of international operators.

[0032] The absence of the standardized interface for direct communication between the GMLC of the visited network and the UDM of the home network presents a significant challenge for location tracking of international in-roamer subscribers. Without the standardized interface, it becomes difficult for the serving 5G operator to accurately determine the current location of international subscribers under lawful interception or other regulatory compliance scenarios. This gap in communication can lead to compliance issues with Lawful Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), which require precise and real-time location data for lawful interception purposes.

[0033] There is, therefore, a need in the art to provide a method and a system that can mitigate the disadvantages of the prior art.OBJECTIVE

[0034] Some of the objectives of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:

[0035] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method for tracing a location of an international in-roamer register (HR) subscriber in a network.

[0036] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide the system and the method for minimizing latency, reducing complexity, and providing real-time location updates related to international roaming to provides compliance with lawful interception requests.

[0037] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide the system and the method for ensuring seamless integration between a visited network and a home network for efficient data exchange and location tracking of the international in-roamer subscriber.

[0038] Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.SUMMARY

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, a method for tracing location of a subscriber in a network is described. The method includes receiving, by an International In-Roamer Server (UR) server, a customized request from a visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP). The method includes parsing, by the UR server, the customized request to extract a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber. The method includes storing, by the IIR server, the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in a database. The method includes retrieving, by the IIR server, a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) to the extracted SUPI from a Home- Unified Data Management (H-UDM) based on an identifier translation technique. The method includes providing, by the IIR server, the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to a Visited-Gateway Mobile Location Centre (V-GMLC), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0040] In an embodiment, the customized request includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) access registration request and an AMF access registration response exchanged between a visited- AMF (V-AMF) and the H-UDM.

[0041] In an embodiment, the method includes receiving, by the H-UDM, the AMF access registration request from the V-AMF, where the AMF access registration request is obtained by the H-UDM when the subscriber attaches to the network. The method includes transmitting, by the H-UDM, the AMF access registration response to the V-AMF. The method includes generating, by the V-SCP, the customized request based on the AMF access registration request and the AMF access registration response. The method includes transmitting, by the V-SCP, the customized request to the HR server, and where the customized request is provided for tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0042] In an embodiment, the identifier translation technique includes triggering, by the HR server, an identifier translation request towards the H-UDM upon receiving the customized request and receiving, by the HR server, an identifier translation response from the H-UDM, where the identifier translation response includes the GPSI to the extracted SUPI of the subscriber.

[0043] In an embodiment, the method includes maintaining, by the HR server, a mapping between the extracted SUPI and the GPSI of the subscriber in the database.

[0044] In an embodiment, the one or more dynamic roaming parameters includes at least of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) instance identifier, deregistration callback Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), global unique AMF identifier, radio access technology type, and a permanent equipment identifier.

[0045] In an embodiment, enabling the tracing of the location of the subscriber includes receiving, by the HR server, an access registration information retrieval request from the V-GMLC, where the access registration information retrieval request includes the SUPI or the GPSI of the subscriber. Retrieving, by the HR server, the one or more stored dynamic roaming parameters from the database based on the SUPI orthe GPSI. Transmitting, by the IIR server, an access registration information retrieval response to the V-GMLC includes the stored one or more dynamic roaming parameters.

[0046] In an embodiment, the IIR updates the stored dynamic roaming parameters and the mapping in the database upon receiving updated information related to the subscriber.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, a system for tracing location of a subscriber in a network is described. The system includes an International In-Roamer Server (HR) server, configured to receive a customized request from a visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP). Parse the customized request to extract a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber. Store the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in a database. Retrieve a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) to the extracted SUPI from a Home-Unified Data Management (H-UDM) based on an identifier translation technique. Provide the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to a Visited- Gateway Mobile Uocation Centre (V-GMLC), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0048] In an embodiment, the customized request includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) access registration request and an AMF access registration response exchanged between a visited- AMF (V-AMF) and the H-UDM.

[0049] In an embodiment, the H-UDM is configured to receive the AMF access registration request from the V-AMF, where the AMF access registration request is obtained by the H-UDM when the subscriber attaches to the network. The H-UDM transmits the AMF access registration response to the V-AMF. The H-UDM generates the customized request based on the AMF access registration request and the AMFaccess registration response and transmits the customized request to the IIR server, where the customized request is provided for tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0050] In an embodiment, the identifier translation technique includes trigger, by the IIR server, an identifier translation request towards the H-UDM upon receiving the customized request and receive, by the IIR server, an identifier translation response from the H-UDM, where the identifier translation response includes the GPSI to the extracted SUPI of the subscriber.

[0051] In an embodiment, the system includes maintaining, by the IIR server, a mapping between the extracted SUPI and the GPSI of the subscriber in the database

[0052] In an embodiment, the one or more dynamic roaming parameters includes at least of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) instance identifier, deregistration callback Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), global unique AMF identifier, radio access technology type, and a permanent equipment identifier.

[0053] In an embodiment, enabling the tracing of the location of the subscriber includes receive, by the IIR server, an access registration information retrieval request from the V-GMLC, where the access registration information retrieval request includes the SUPI or the GPSI of the subscriber. Retrieve, by the IIR server, the one or more stored dynamic roaming parameters from the database based on the SUPI or the GPSI. Transmit, by the IIR server, an access registration information retrieval response to the V-GMLC includes the stored one or more dynamic roaming parameters.

[0054] In an embodiment, the IIR server is configured to update the stored dynamic roaming parameters and the mapping in the database upon receiving updated information related to the subscriber.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium including instructions that, when executedby one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute a method for tracing location of a subscriber in a network, the method includes receiving, by an International In-Roamer Server (HR) server, a customized request from a visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP). The method includes parsing, by the HR server, the customized request to extract a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber. The method includes storing, by the HR server, the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in a database. The method includes retrieving, by the HR server, a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) to the extracted SUPI from a Home- Unified Data Management (H-UDM) based on an identifier translation technique. The method includes providing, by the HR server, the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to a Visited-Gateway Mobile Uocation Centre (V-GMLC), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0056] The foregoing general description of the illustrative embodiments and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of this disclosure and are not restrictive.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

[0057] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which, like reference numerals, refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes disclosure ofelectrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.

[0058] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture for implementing a system for tracing a location of an international in-roamer register (IIR) subscriber in a network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary system architecture for tracing the location of the IIR subscriber in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0060] FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a system for tracing the location of the IIR subscriber in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0061] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flowchart of a customized request fortracing the location of the IIR subscriber in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0062] FIG. 4 illustrates another exemplary flowchart of an identifier translation request / response for tracing the location of the IIR subscriber in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0063] FIG. 5 illustrates another exemplary flowchart of an Access and mobility management function (AMF) access registration information retrieval request / response for tracing the location of the IIR subscriber in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of the method for tracing the location of the IIR subscriber in the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0065] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0066] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS100 - Network architecture102- 1 , 102-2... 102-N - Plurality of Users104- 1 , 104-2... 104-N - Plurality of User Equipments106 - Network 108 - System200A - System architecture202 - Processors204 - Memory206 - Interface(s) 208 - Processing engine210 - Database200B - Block diagram212 - International In-roamer Register (IIR) server214A - Visited-Diameter Edge Agent (V-DEA)214B - Home-Diameter Edge Agent (H-DEA)216 - Visited-Diameter Routing Agent (V-DRA)218 - Visited-Gateway Mobile Location Centre (V-GMLC)220 - Visited-4G / 5G network 222 - Visited-Mobility Management Entity (V-MME)224A- Visited-Other network elements / Unified Data Management (V-UDM)224B- Home-Other network elements / Unified Data Management (H-UDM)226A - Visited-Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP)226B - Home-Service Communication Proxy (H-SCP) 228A - Visited-Security Edge Protection Proxy (V-SEPP)228B - Home-Security Edge Protection Proxy (H-SEPP)230 - Home 4G / 5G network300 - Flow diagram400 - Flow diagram 500 - Flow diagram600 - Method flow diagram700 - Computer system710 - External storage device720 - Bus730 - Main memory740 - Read-only memory750 - Mass storage device760 - Communication port(s)770 - ProcessorDETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Example embodiments of the present disclosure are described below, as illustrated in various drawings in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.

[0068] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.

[0069] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[0070] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.

[0071] The word “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive like the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.

[0072] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0073] The terminology used herein is to describe particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should be noted that the terms “mobile device”, “user equipment”, “user device”, “communication device”, “device” and similar terms are used interchangeably for the purpose of describing the invention. These terms are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or imply any specific functionality or limitations on the described embodiments. The use of these terms is solely for convenience and clarity of description. The invention is not limited to any particular type of device or equipment, and it should be understood that other equivalent terms or variations thereof may be used interchangeably without departing from the scope of the invention as defined herein.

[0074] As used herein, an “electronic device”, or “portable electronic device”, or “user device” or “communication device” or “user equipment” or “device” refers toany electrical, electronic, electromechanical and computing device. The user device is capable of receiving and / or transmitting one or parameters, performing function / s, communicating with other user devices and transmitting data to the other user devices. The user equipment may have a processor, a display, a memory, a battery and an input-means such as a hard keypad and / or a soft keypad. The user equipment may be capable of operating on any radio access technology including but not limited to IP-enabled communication, Zig Bee, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi direct, etc. For instance, the user equipment may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, smartphone, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, laptop, a general-purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, mainframe computer, or any other device as may be obvious to a person skilled in the art for implementation of the features of the present disclosure.

[0075] Further, the user device may also include a “processor” or “processing unit” includes processing unit, wherein processor refers to any logic circuitry for processing instructions. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal coding data processing, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor is a hardware processor.

[0076] As portable electronic devices and wireless technologies continue to improve and grow in popularity, the advancing wireless technologies for data transfer are also expected to evolve and replace the older generations of technologies. In the field of wireless data communications, the dynamic advancement of variousgenerations of cellular technology are also seen. The development, in this respect, has been incremental in the order of second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), and now fifth generation (5G), and more such generations are expected to continue in the forthcoming time.

[0077] Radio Access Technology (RAT) refers to the technology used by mobile devices / User Equipment (UE) to connect to a cellular network. It refers to the specific protocol and standards that govern the way devices communicate with base stations, which are responsible for providing the wireless connection. Further, each RAT has its own set of protocols and standards for communication, which define the frequency bands, modulation techniques, and other parameters used for transmitting and receiving data. Examples of RATs include a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long-Term Evolution (LTE), a Fifth Generation (5G) technology, and a Sixth Generation (6G) technology. The choice of RAT depends on a variety of factors, including the network infrastructure, the available spectrum, and the mobile device's / device's capabilities. Mobile devices often support multiple RATs, allowing them to connect to different types of networks and provide optimal performance based on the available network resources.

[0078] Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved over the past few decades. The first generation of wireless communication technology was analog, offering only voice services. Further, text messaging and data services became possible when a Second Generation (2G) technology was introduced. A Third Generation (3G) technology marked the introduction of high-speed internet access, mobile video calling, and location-based services. A Fourth Generation (4G) technology revolutionized the wireless communication with faster data speeds, improved network coverage, and security. Currently, the 5G technology is being deployed, offering significantly faster data speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect many devicessimultaneously. These advancements represent a significant leap forward from previous generations, enabling enhanced mobile broadband, improved Internet of Things (loT) connectivity, and more efficient use of network resources. The 6G technology promises to build upon these advancements, pushing the boundaries of wireless communication even further. While the 5G technology is still being rolled out globally, research and development into the 6G are rapidly evolving, with the aim of revolutionizing the way of connecting and interacting with technology.

[0079] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0080] Embodiments herein relate to a method for tracing a location of a subscriber in a network. The present disclosure address the complexities presented in tracking international in-roamer subscribers in 5G networks, the described method and a system effectively overcome these challenges through an advanced approach. By utilizing an International In-Roamer Register (IIR) server that communicates with a Visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP), the present disclosure efficiently extracts and manages essential identifiers like a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI). The approach establishes a mapping and integrates dynamic roaming parameters, enabling precise data exchange with a Visited Gateway Mobile Location Centre (V-GMLC). The present disclosure bridges the gap left by the absence of a standardized interface between 5G GMLCs and an Unified Data Management (UDM) systems of home networks, facilitating accurate,real-time location tracking, and ensuring compliance with lawful interception requirements.

[0081] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0082] The various embodiments throughout the disclosure will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 1 - FIG. 7.

[0083] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture (100) for implementing a system (108) for tracing location of the subscriber in the network (106), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the network architecture (100) may include one or more computing devices or User Equipments (UEs) (104-1, 104-2... 104-N) associated with one or more users (102-1, 102-2... 102-N) in an environment. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more users (102-1, 102-2... 102-N) may be individually referred to as the user (102) and collectively referred to as the users (102). Similarly, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more UEs (104-1, 104-2... 104-N) may be individually referred to as the UE (104) and collectively referred to as the UEs (104). A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the terms “computing device(s)” and “user equipment” may be used interchangeably throughout the disclosure. Although three UEs (104) are depicted in FIG. 1, however, any number of the UEs (104) may be included without departing from the scope of the ongoing description.

[0084] In an embodiment, the UE (104) may include smart devices operating in a smart environment, for example, an Internet of Things (loT) system. In such an embodiment, the UE (104) may include, but is not limited to, smartphones, smart watches, smart sensors (e.g., a mechanical sensor, a thermal sensor, an electrical sensor, a magnetic sensor, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices,networked lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehicular devices, smart accessories, tablets, smart televisions (TVs), computers, smart security systems, smart home systems, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the user (102) and / or entities, or any combination thereof. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE (104) may include, but is not limited to, intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that can integrate seamlessly with each other and / or with a central server or a cloud-computing system or any other device that is network-connected.

[0085] In an embodiment, the UE (104) may include, but is not limited to, a handheld wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart phone, a phablet device, and so on), a wearable computer device (e.g., a head-mounted display computer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computer device, and so on), the GPSI device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or another type of portable computer, a media playing device, a portable gaming system, and / or any other type of computer device with wireless communication capabilities, and the like. In an embodiment, the UE (104) may include, but is not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, or an equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, a laptop, a general-purpose computer, a desktop, a personal digital assistant, a tablet computer, a mainframe computer, or any other computing device. Further, the UE (104) may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user (102) or an entity such as a touch pad, a touch enabled screen, an electronic pen, and the like. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE (104) may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.

[0086] In FIG. 1, the UE (104) may communicate with the system (108) through the network (106). In particular, the UE (104) may be communicatively coupled with the network (106). The coupling includes steps of receiving, by the network (106), a connection request from UE (104). Upon receiving the connection request, the coupling includes steps of sending, by the network (106), an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE (104). Further, the coupling includes steps of transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request.

[0087] In an embodiment, the network (106) may include at least one of the 4G network, the 5G network, the 6G network, or the like. The network (106) may enable the UE (104) to communicate with other devices in the network architecture (100) and / or with the system (108). The network (106) may include a wireless card or some other transceiver connection to facilitate this communication. In another embodiment, the network (106) may be implemented as, or include any of a variety of different communication technologies such as a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless network, a mobile network, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), an internet, an intranet, a public network, a private network, a packet-switched network, a circuit-switched network, an ad hoc network, an infrastructure network, a Public- Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cable network, a cellular network, a satellite network, a fiber optic network, or some combination thereof. In another embodiment, the network (106) includes, by way of example but not limitation, at least a portion of one or more networks having one or more servers that transmit, receive, forward, generate, buffer, store, route, switch, process, or a combination thereof, etc. one or more messages, packets, signals, waves, voltage or current levels, some combination thereof, or so forth.

[0088] In another exemplary embodiment, the network architecture (100) may include a centralized server (not shown) may include or include, by way of examplebut not limitation, one or more of a stand-alone server, a server blade, a server rack, a bank of servers, a server farm, a hardware supporting a part of a cloud service or a system, a home server, a hardware running a virtualized server, one or more processors executing code to function as a server, one or more machines performing server-side functionality as described herein, at least a portion of any of the above, some combination thereof.

[0089] The system (108) is configured for tracing location of the IIR subscriber in the network (106), as explained in detail in FIG. 2B.

[0090] Although FIG. 1 shows exemplary components of the network architecture (100), in other embodiments, the network architecture (100) may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture (100) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture (100).

[0091] FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary system architecture (200A) for retrieving one or more information of the international in-roamer subscriber in the network (106), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0092] In an embodiment, the system architecture (200A) further includes a visited 4G / 5G network and a home 4G / 5G network. The visited 4G / 5G network that may also be referred to as the visited network (220) and a home 4G / 5G network that may also be referred to as a home network (230). The Visited 4G / 5G network (220) includes the HR (212) server, a Visited-Diameter Edge Agent (V-DEA) (214A), a V- Diameter Routing Agent (V-DRA) (216), the V-GMLC (218), a Visited-Mobility Management Entity (V-MME) (222), other Visited-network elements / Visited Unified Data Management (V-UDM) (224A), the V-SCP (226A), and a Visited-Security EdgeProtection Proxy (V-SEPP) (228A). The Home (H) 4G / 5G network (230) includes V- DEA (214B), a Home-Security Edge Protection Proxy (H-SEPP) (228B), a Home- Service Communication Proxy (H-SCP) (226B) and a Home-other network elements / Home Unified Data Management (H-UDM) (224B). In an embodiment, the other network elements may include an Access and mobility management function (AMF).

[0093] In an embodiment, the IIR server (212), serves as a repository for storing and managing the international in-roamer subscriber identity and location information. In the Visited 4G / 5G network, the IIR server (212) interacts with several components. The V-DEA (214A) manages authentication and message forwarding. The V-GMLC (218) retrieves location information used for tracking the international in-roamer subscriber. The V-SCP (226A) in 5G networks handles a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 2 (HTTP2)-based signaling. This facilitates smooth transmission of requests and responses between servers. The V-SCP (226A) in the 5G environment manages HTTP2-based signalling, analogous to the V-DRA (216) in the 4G context, ensuring efficient communication pathways. The V-SEPP (228 A) and the H-SEPP (228B) servers provide secure communication interfaces between a visited 4G / 5G network (220) and the home 4G / 5G network (230). In the home 4G / 5G network (230), a Home-Diameter Edge Agent (H-DEA) (214B) and the home-other network elements (224B) work alongside the H-SEPP (228B) to facilitate interactions with the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) and the UDM, which store the profile and identity data of the international in-roamer subscriber. By integrating these components, the architecture enables seamless and secure location tracking, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and supporting efficient network operations for international in-roamer subscribers.

[0094] In an embodiment, the visited 4G / 5G network (220) is the network where the international in-roamer subscriber is currently located and receiving service.The visited 4G / 5G network (220) is the network that provides immediate access and connectivity to the international in-roamer subscriber.

[0095] In an embodiment, the IIR server (212) may store international inroamer subscriber information, including the SUPI and the GPSI. To facilitate efficient location retrieval, the IIR (212) server may perform identifier translation between the SUPI and GPSI. Identifier translation refers to a process performed within the network, at inter-network interfaces, for converting internal or private identifiers into external or standardized formats, and vice versa, to enable secure, privacy-preserving, and interoperable communication between network entities. This enables the V-GMLC (218) to query the IIR server (212) using either identifier, to determine current location of the international in-roamer subscriber. The IIR (212) server interacts with other network elements, such as the V-SCP (226A) and the home-other network elements / H- UDM (224B), to exchange data and coordinate location tracking processes. By centralizing the international in-roamer subscriber data, performing identifier translation, and facilitating efficient data exchange, the IIR (212) server improves the tracking and management of international in-roamer subscriber in the network (106). In 5G network, the IIR (212) server may trace the location of international in-roamer subscriber within the 5G network. The IIR (212) server necessitates an identity translation request with the UDM to facilitate accurate and efficient tracking, thereby ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. The identifier translation refers to a process of converting internal or private network identifiers into external or standardized formats to ensure secure, interoperable, and privacy-preserving communication across network domains. The IIR (212) server enhances the functionality by incorporating identifier translation requests to fetch the Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) against the SUPI from the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B).

[0096] In an embodiment, the visited-other network elements / V -UDM (224A) may include a visited AMF (V-AMF). The visited-other network elements / V-UDM (224A) also manage the AMF registration process and store dynamic roaming data.

[0097] In an embodiment, the IIR (212) server processes a unified message containing both the request and response components of an AMF registration access procedure. The AMF Registration Access is generated by duplicating an AMF registration exchange between a visited- AMF (301) and the H-UDM (224B). In this procedure, the AMF sends a PUT request to the H-UDM (224B) to create or update AMF registration information for access, including the subscriber’s SUPI and registration data. If interworking with EPS via N26 is supported, the AMF may also include information of the selected PGW-C+SMF. The H-UDM (224B) processes the request and responds with one of several outcomes: a “200 OK” or “204 No Content” if updated successfully, a “201 Created” if no prior record existed, or a “403 Forbidden” with problem details if the subscriber is unauthorized due to restrictions such as roaming limitations or subscription data mismatch. This consolidated message is sent by the V-SCP (226A). The V-SCP (226A) copies both the request and response of the AMF registration that originates from the V-AMF (301) and is directed to the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B). This process allows the IIR (212) server to efficiently handle the registration details, ensuring seamless subscriber management.

[0098] In an embodiment, the HR (212) server handles Access and Mobility Subscription Data Retrieval requests and responses, also sent in a single request by 226B. This Access and Mobility Subscription Data Retrieval is generated by duplicating an Access and Mobility Subscription Data Retrieval procedure initiated by the V-AMF (301) towards the H-UDM (224B). The request includes the subscriber’s SUPI and may also contain query parameters such as supported features and PLMN identifier. The H-UDM (224B) responds with one of several outcomes: a “200 OK”including the subscriber’s Access and Mobility Subscription Data, or a “404 Not Found” with problem details if no valid subscription data exists. The H-SCP (226B) copies the request and response for Access and Mobility Subscription Data Retrieval, sent from the V-AMF (301) to the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B). This functionality allows the IIR (212) server to manage subscription data, ensuring accurate location tracking and international in-roamer subscriber profile management.

[0099] In an embodiment, the IIR (212) server maintains essential roaming data for the international in-roamer subscribers all mapped against the SUPI of the international in-roamer subscriber. In the present disclosure, the IIR (212) server has comprehensive data on each international in-roamer subscriber, facilitating efficient handling of roaming and location tracking requirements.

[0100] In an embodiment, the IIR (212) server sends identifier translation requests to the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B) to fetch the GPSI against the SUPI. This translation provides linking the public identity of the international inroamer subscriber with their private identity, thereby enabling more precise location tracking and international in-roamer subscriber management.

[0101] In an embodiment, the HR (212) server is also capable of maintaining a mapping of SUPI and GPSI if the GPSI is received in forwarded requests from the V- SCP (226A). The mapping capability provides the HR (212) server to accurately correlate different identifiers for the same international in-roamer subscriber, enhancing the ability of the system (108) to manage and trace the international inroamer subscribers effectively.

[0102] In an embodiment, the IIR (212) server provides the international subscriber roaming data to the V-GMLC (218). A lawful interception body performs a query on the V-GMLC (218) to fetch the location of the international in-roamer subscriber against the SUPI and the GPSI. The legal authorities can obtain accurateand timely location information for the international in-roamer subscriber under surveillance, complying with legal and regulatory mandates.

[0103] In an embodiment, the V-DEA (214A) serves as a gateway for diameter signalling between different network domains. The V-DEA (214A) may help in routing and processing diameter messages related to the international in-roamer subscriber information and location tracking.

[0104] In an embodiment, the custom request incorporates the original request and response headers and bodies within a single JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) structure, preserving the essential information for processing by the HR (212) server. By forwarding this custom request to the HR (212) server, the V-DEA (214A) enables the HR (212) server to analyze the international in-roamer subscriber interaction, extract relevant data, and update its stored information accordingly. For accurate location tracking and effective management of international in-roamer subscribers. The V-DEA (214A) forwards the response to the HR (212) server, ensuring the HR (212) server has up-to-date information on the international in-roamer subscriber location. In the 5G, the V-DEA (214A) is complemented by the V-SCP (226 A), which handles HTTP2-based signalling.

[0105] In an embodiment, the V-DRA (216) routes diameter messages within the network (106). The V-DRA (216) is connected to the V-DEA (214A), the V-GMLC (218) and the V-MME (222). The V-DRA (216) is responsible for directing diameter messages between the visited network (220) and the home network (230), ensuring efficient communication and data exchange. The V-DRA (216) may determine the appropriate destination for incoming diameter messages based on their content and the network topology. The V-DRA (216) may distribute diameter messages across multiple network elements to optimize performance and avoid congestion. The V-DRA (216) may handle errors and exceptions that may occur during message processing and routing.

[0106] In an embodiment, the V-GMLC (218) is responsible for location-based services within the network. The V-GMLC (218) traces the location of the international in-roamer subscriber and provides the information to the home network (230). The V- GMLC (218) is responsible for handling the location information of the international in-roamer subscribers. In emergency services and lawful interception by providing real-time location data of the international in-roamer subscriber. The V-GMLC (218) queries the IIR (212) server to retrieve international in-roamer subscriber location information. In 5G, it involves AMF registration information retrieval via a standardized interface to fetch the AMF identity and other related data. The AMF Registration Information Retrieval may include either the SUPI or the GPSI of the subscriber, along with query parameters such as supported features. If the data exists, the provisioning node (212) retrieves the stored parameters from the database (210) and responds with the AMF instance identifier, deregistration callback URI, GUAM!, RAT type, and PEI, as available. The response is returned to the V-GMLC (218) via the V-SCP (226A). If the query is based on a GPSI that is not mapped to a SUPI, the provisioning node generates an error response such as “404 Not Found” with problem details, and transmits it back to the V-GMLC (218). The V-GMLC (218) interacts with the IIR (212) server to retrieve the location information of the international in-roamer subscriber based on the SUPI or GPSI. The V-GMLC (218) may determine approximate location the international in-roamer subscriber based on the serving cell ID and other network information. The V-GMLC (218) may interact with the IIR (212) server to retrieve additional subscriber information, such as the SUPI and GPSI, which can be used for more precise location tracking. The V-GMLC (218) may generates a response containing the location information of the international in-roamer subscriber, which is then sent back to the requesting entity (e.g., the home network (230)). The V- GMLC (218) may interact with other network elements, such as the AMF and the V- SEPP (228A), to coordinate location-based services and accurate tracking. By effectively tracking location of the international in-roamer subscriber and providingthis information to the home network (230), the V-GMLC (218) enables various location-based services and supports the overall management of international inroaming subscribers.

[0107] In an embodiment, the V-MME (222) is responsible for managing mobile device registration, bearer activation / deactivation, and mobility management. The V-MME (222) communicates with the V-DEA (214A) to update the HSS of the location of the international in-roamer subscriber. These updates are for ensuring that the international in-roamer subscriber can receive services seamlessly, regardless of their location.

[0108] In an embodiment, the V-SCP (226A) acts as a gateway between the IMS network and external services. In this context, it plays a role in routing messages between the visited network (220) and the home network (230). The V-SCP (226A) handles the exchange of the diameter messages, including those related to the international in-roamer subscriber location tracking. The V-SCP (226A) is the entity in the 5G network, performing similar functions to the V-DRA (216) in the 4G but adapted for HTTP2.

[0109] In an embodiment, the V-SCP (226A) creates a copy of AMF registration for the access and the access and mobility subscription data retrieval request / response for the international in-roamer subscriber and forwards the same to the HR (212) server in a single message.

[0110] In an embodiment, the V-SCP (226 A) creates a new request with an authority, path, scheme and method headers with same values as AMF registration for the access. Then the SCP appends the original request and response headers to the custom request, prefixing them with "request " and "response ". In an example, the resulting header names may include request_path, request scheme, request method, and response status.

[0111] In an embodiment, the V-SEPP (228A) provides security and protection functions at the edge of the network (106). The V-SEPP (228A) enforces security policies, protects against unauthorized access, and the integrity of communications. The V-SEPP (228A) is involved in routing messages between the visited network (220) and the home network (230), ensuring that they are transmitted securely.

[0112] In an implementation, when the international in-roamer subscriber connects to the 5 G network, the international in-roamer subscriber initiates the V-AMF (301) registration with the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B), facilitated through the H-SEPP (228B). This registration establishes the presence of the international in-roamer subscriber in the visited network (220). The V-SCP (226 A) in the visited network (220) plays a pivotal role by copying the V-AMF (301) registration request and response. These copied messages are then forwarded to the HR (212) server, a specialized node designed to manage and trace international in-roamer subscribers.

[0113] Upon receiving the forwarded copies of the V-AMF (301) registration request and response, the HR (212) server processes these messages to extract and store vital subscriber data. By storing this information, the HR (212) server enables efficient tracking and management of the roaming activities of the international in-roamer subscriber. This storage is essential for maintaining an up-to-date record of the network attachment and mobility status of the international in-roamer subscriber.

[0114] Subsequently, the V-GMLC (218) retrieves the V-AMF (301) access registration information from the HR (212) server using the SUPI or the GPSI. The HR (212) server responds by providing the stored international in-roamer subscriber data. This process enables the V-GMLC (218) to accurately determine location of the international in-roamer subscriber within the visited network (220), which requires location-based information, such as emergency services and lawful interception.

[0115] Further, the IIR (212) server invokes identifier translation with the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B) to fetch the GPSI corresponding to the SUPI. This identifier translation is initiated when the AMF registration access request includes only the SUPI. The translation allows the IIR (212) server to maintain a mapping of GPSI to SUPI, ensuring that any subsequent location retrieval requests by the V-GMUC (218) using the GPSI can be handled effectively. If the V-GMUC (218) queries the IIR (212) server with the GPSI, the IIR (212) server will respond with the correct international in-roamer subscriber data, owing to it maintained the GPSI to the SUPI mapping. For example, the network (106) may maintain a mapping between the GPSI, such as a telephone number and the SUPI, such as an IMSI-based identifier, within the UDM function. The GPSI to the SUPI mapping may enable the network (106) to translate externally used public identifiers into permanent subscriber identities for authentication and service provisioning. When external communication is directed to the GPSI, the corresponding SUPI is maybe retrieved securely to facilitate subscriber identification without exposing the permanent identifier over public interfaces. Implementing this solution necessitates an agreement between partner networks to permit the IIR (212) server to invoke identifier translation requests to the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B). This agreement is essential for ensuring that the IIR (212) server can obtain the GPSI against the SUPI of international in-roamer subscribers, thereby enabling accurate and efficient location tracking and compliance with regulatory requirements.

[0116] FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary block diagram 200B of the system (108) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network (106), in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 2B is explained in conjunction with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2A. In an embodiment, the network may be, for example, the 4G network, the 5G network, the 6G network, and the like.

[0117] In an embodiment, the system (108) may include the IIR server (212). The IIR server (212) may include one or more processor(s) (202). The one or more processor(s) (202) may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and / or any devices that process data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more processor(s) (202) may be configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (204) of the system (108). The memory (204) may be configured to store one or more computer- readable instructions or routines in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which may be fetched and executed to create or share data packets over a network service. The memory (204) may include any non-transitory storage device including, for example, volatile memory such as a Random-Access Memory (RAM), or a non-volatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like.

[0118] In an embodiment, the IIR server (212) may include an interface(s) (206). The interface(s) (206) may include a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices (I / O), storage devices, and the like. The interface(s) (206) may facilitate communication through the system (108). The interface(s) (206) may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the system (108). Examples of such components include, but are not limited to, a processing engine (208) and a database (210).

[0119] In an embodiment, the processing engine (208) is configured to receive a request from the V-GMLC (218) in the visited network to retrieve location information for the international in-roamer subscriber. The request is typically triggered when the international in-roamer subscriber is registered or updated within the visited network. The V-GMLC (218), acting as the intermediary, identifies that thesubscriber is the international in-roamer and forwards the location information request to the IIR server (212).

[0120] In an embodiment, a home network (referred to as H network) refers to the network that the international in-roamer subscriber belongs to and is registered with. This is typically the network operated by the home service provider of the international in-roamer subscriber. Further, a visited network (referred to as V network) refers to the network that the international in-roamer subscriber is currently roaming in. The visited network provides the international in-roamer subscriber with access to services while they are away from their home network. In the context of international in-roaming, the home network is the network in the home country of the international in-roamer subscriber, while the visited network is the network in the country where the international in-roamer subscriber is currently located.

[0121] In an embodiment, the processing engine (208) is configured to process the request to retrieve the identity and associated information of the international inroamer subscriber. This involves extracting the data from the request, such as the SUPI or the GPSI. The IIR (212) server uses this data to query the database (210), which stores dynamic roaming information ensuring that the IIR server can accurately identify and associate the correct information of the international in-roamer subscriber before proceeding with the retrieval of location data.

[0122] In an embodiment, the processing engine (208) is configured to process the request after the IIR server retrieves the location information of the international in-roamer subscriber from a home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B). This is achieved through a secure interface between the IIR server and the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B). The IIR server sends a request to the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B), seeking specific details about the current location of the international in-roamer subscriber. The home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B),which maintains the profile and location data of the international in-roamer subscriber, responds with the information.

[0123] In an embodiment, the processing engine (208) is configured to respond to the V-GMLC (218) with the retrieved location information. The response includes information required to accurately pinpoint the location of the international in-roamer subscriber. The location information is used for supporting the operations of the network (106), including call routing, session management, and compliance with regulatory requirements for location tracking. By providing this data to the V-GMLC (218), the HR server facilitates seamless communication and supports the location tracking requirements for international in-roamer subscribers.

[0124] In an embodiment, the processing engine (208) may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing engine (208). In the examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the processing engine (208) may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non- transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the processing engine (208) may include a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the processing engine (208). In such examples, the system (108) may include the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system (108) and the processing resource. In other examples, the processing engine (208) may be implemented by electronic circuitry.

[0125] In an embodiment, the database (210) may include data that may be either stored or generated as a result of functionalities implemented by any of the components of the processing engine (208). In an embodiment, the system (108) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network is detailed. The system (108) includes the IIR (212) server, configured to receive a customized request from the V-SCP (226). Parse the customized request to extract the SUPI and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber. Store the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in a database. Retrieve the GPSI to the extracted SUPI from the H-UDM (224B) based on an identifier translation technique. Provide the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to the V-GMUC (218), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0126] In an embodiment, the customized request includes the AMF access registration request and the AMF access registration response, which are exchanged between the V- AMF (301) and the H-UDM (224B). For instance, when a mobile device connects to a new network, the mobile device may send an access registration request to the V-AMF (301). The V-AMF (301) may communicate with the H-UDM (224B) to authenticate the mobile device and obtain subscription data, may result in the V- AMF (301) sending a registration response back to the mobile device to confirm successful access registration.

[0127] In an embodiment, the H-UDM (224B) is configured to receive the AMF access registration request from the V-AMF (301). The AMF access registration request is obtained by the H-UDM (224B) when a subscriber connects to the network (106). After receiving the AMF access registration request, the H-UDM (224B) transmits the AMF access registration response to the V-AMF (301). The H-UDM (224B) generates the customized request based on the AMF access registration requestand the AMF access registration response. This customized request is then forwarded to the IIR (212) server and is used for tracing the subscriber location.

[0128] In an embodiment, the identifier translation technique includes trigger, by the IIR (212) server, an identifier translation request towards the H-UDM (224B) upon receiving the customized request and receive, by the IIR (212) server, an identifier translation response from the H-UDM (224B), where the identifier translation response includes the GPSI to the extracted SUPI of the subscriber.

[0129] In an embodiment, the system (108) includes the IIR (212) server maintaining the database (210), a mapping between the extracted SUPI and the GPSI of the subscriber. For instance, when a user accesses the network (106), the SUPI may be extracted for identification while the GPSI, served to preserve privacy, is used for all communication processes. This mapping may provide accurate routing and processing within the network (106) while maintaining user confidentiality with the GPSI instead of the direct SUPI exposure.

[0130] In an embodiment, the one or more dynamic roaming parameters includes at least of an AMF instance identifier, deregistration callback Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), global unique AMF identifier, radio access technology type, and a permanent equipment identifier. For example, the deregistration callback URI may be provided, enabling system (108) to communicate a user departure from the network (106). For instance, a globally unique AMF identifier may be used to determine the exact AMF associated with a session, while a radio access technology type specifies the wireless standard (e.g., UTE, 5G) in use. Furthermore, a permanent equipment identifier, such as an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI), may uniquely identify devices, enhancing equipment tracking and security.

[0131] In an embodiment, enabling the tracing of the location of the subscriber includes receive, by the IIR (212) server, an access registration information retrievalrequest from the V-GMLC (218), where the access registration information retrieval request includes the SUPI or the GPSI of the subscriber. Retrieve, by the HR (212) server, the one or more stored dynamic roaming parameters from the database (210) based on the SUPI or the GPSI. Transmit, by the HR (212) server, an access registration information retrieval response to the V-GMLC (218) includes the stored one or more dynamic roaming parameters. For example, a user accessing roaming services from a foreign network might trigger the access registration information retrieval request. The HR (212) server may retrieve the relevant dynamic roaming parameters stored in the database (210) using the provided SUPI or the GPSI. The dynamic roaming parameters may include data such as the current network location and subscriber preferences. The HR (212) server sends the access registration information retrieval response back to the V-GMLC (218), including the retrieved dynamic roaming parameters. This process may enable precise location tracking and provide seamless service for the roaming subscriber.

[0132] In an embodiment, the HR (212) server is configured to update the stored dynamic roaming parameters and the mapping in the database (210) upon receiving updated information related to the subscriber. For instance, if a subscriber changes their roaming preferences or moves to a different network (106) region, the server will modify the database (210) to reflect this updated information, may provide seamless connectivity and accurate billing.

[0133] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram (300) of a customized request for tracing the location of the HR subscriber in the network (106), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is explained in conjunction with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2B

[0134] The following steps outline the multi-layered approach for the AMF registration access request for an international subscriber.

[0135] At step 302: The process initiates with the AMF registration access request sent by the V-AMF (301) to the V-SCP (226A). The AMF registration access request includes the UE identity, which may be the SUPI, and the AMF registration information. The purpose of this request is to discover the requested Network Function (NF) based on parameters such as NF type, Data Network Name (DNN), or slice information to refine the search. This step is triggered when an international in-roamer subscriber attempts a location update or attachment in the network (106), prompting the V-AMF (301) to send the AMF registration access request to the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B) via the V-SCP (226A).

[0136] In an embodiment, the H-UDM (224B) updates the AMF registration access request by replacing the AMF registration access request with the received resource information and may respond with “200 OK” or “204 No Content”. If the resource is not present (no prior AMF information stored in the H-UDM (224B) for that user), the H-UDM (224B) stores the incoming AMF registration data for access and responds with an HTTP Status Code "201 Created". The response may include a body providing extra details to the NF consumer, such as features supported by UDM. The V-SCP (226A), upon receiving the AMF registration access request, recognizes that the international in-roamer subscriber is international based on the Public Eand Mobile Network (PLMN) identifier. The V-SCP (226A) decides to store and route this request.

[0137] At step 304: The AMF registration access request is sent by the V-SCP (226A) to the V-SEPP (228A). The V-SCP (226A) forwards the AMF registration request to the V-SEPP (228A) based on the SUPI.

[0138] At step 306: The AMF registration access request is sent by the V-SEPP (228A) to the H-SEPP (228B).

[0139] At step 308: Upon receiving the AMF registration access request, the H-SEPP (228B) forwards the AMF registration request to the H-SCP (226B).

[0140] At step 310: The AMF registration access request is sent by the H-SCP (226B) to a home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B). This routing request reaches the appropriate network functions responsible for handling the profile of the international in-roamer subscriber.

[0141] At step 312: The AMF registration access response is sent by the home- other network elements / H-UDM (224B) to the H-SCP (226B). The home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B), which maintains the international in-roamer subscriber profile, processes the incoming request. The home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B) then prepares the AMF registration response based on the profile data of the international in-roamer subscriber.

[0142] At step 314: The AMF registration access response is sent by the H- SCP (226B) to the H-SEPP (228B).

[0143] At step 316: The AMF registration access response is sent by the H- SEPP (228B) to the V-SEPP (228A).

[0144] At step 318: The AMF registration access response is sent by the V- SEPP (228A) to the V-SCP (226A).

[0145] At step 320: The AMF registration access response is sent by the V- SCP (226A) to the V-AMF (301), completing the initial registration process.

[0146] At step 322: The AMF request / response (AMF) registration access request / AMF registration access response) is copied in a PUT request and is sent from the V-SCP (226A) to the HR (212) server. The V-SCP (226A) creates a customized request containing the actual AMF registration request and response messages thatoccurred between the V-AMF (301) and home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B). This customized request is then sent to the HR (212) server to store subscriber information such as SUPI and GPSI. The V-SCP (226A) sends the PUT request to the HR (212) server to record and maintain data about the international in-roamer subscriber.

[0147] At step 324: The PUT response is sent from the HR (212) server to the V-SCP (226A). The HR (212) server processes the customized request by parsing it to extract subscriber information such as the SUPI. The HR (212) server stores this information in its database (210) and sends the PUT response back to the V-SCP (226A), acknowledging the storage of the roaming data of the subscriber.

[0148] The identifier translation request may be used for smooth interoperability and communication between network entities using different identifier formats across access technologies or network domains. The identifier translation request may allow mapping temporary identifiers, subscriber identities, or equipment identifiers to provide user tracking, authentication, session continuity, and lawful interception, maintaining compliance with mobility, security, and service delivery standards across legacy and next-generation networks.

[0149] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram (400) of the identifier translation request / response for tracing the location of the HR subscriber in the network (106), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is explained in conjunction with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2B

[0150] The following steps outline the identifier translation request to fetch GPSI for SUPI from the home-other network elements / H-UDM (224B).

[0151] At step 402: The identifier translation request by the HR (212) server is routed by the HR (212) to the V-SCP (226 A).

[0152] At step 404: The identifier translation request by the IIR (212) server is routed by the V-SCP (226A) to V-SEPP (228A).

[0153] At step 406: The V-SEPP (228A) routes the same request from the visited network (220) to the H-SEPP (228B) of the home network (230).

[0154] At step 408: The H-SEPP (228B) routes the request to the H-SCP (226B).

[0155] At step 410: The H-SCP (226B) finally delivers the ID-translation request to the H-UDM (224B).

[0156] At step 412: The H-UDM (224B) responds to the H-SCP (226B) with an identifier translation request with GPSI. The identifier translation response communicates from the H-UDM (224B) to the H-SCP (226B).

[0157] At step 414: The identifier translation response communicates from the H-SCP (226B) to the H-SEPP (228B).

[0158] At step 416: The identifier translation response communicates from the H-SEPP (228B) to the V-SEPP (228A).

[0159] At step 418: The identifier translation response communicates from the V-SEPP (228A) to the V-SCP (226A).

[0160] At 420: The identifier translation response communicates from the V- SCP (226A) to the HR (212) server. On receiving the response, the IIR (212) server will maintain the GPSI against the SUPI.

[0161] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram (500) of the AMF access registration information retrieval request / response for retrieving the one or more information of the international in-roamer subscriber in the network (106), inaccordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is explained in conjunction with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2B

[0162] The following steps outline the V-AMF (301) access registration information retrieval from the HR (212) server.

[0163] At step 502: The AMF access registration information retrieval request is sent from a V-GMLC (218) to a V-SCP (226A). The V-GMLC (218) fetches the AMF access registration information retrieval request from the HR (212) server against (SUPI / GPSI) of the international in-roamer subscriber via the V-SCP (226 A).

[0164] At step 504: The AMF access registration information retrieval request is sent from the V-SCP (226A) to the HR (212) server. When the HR (212) server receives the AMF access registration information retrieval request against SUPI, it checks database (210) and fetches the stored parameters (if present) against SUPI if SUPI / GPSI comes in the request.

[0165] At step 506: The AMF access registration information retrieval response is sent from the HR (212) server to the V-SCP (226A). The HR (212) server frames the AMF access registration information retrieval response with the help of the fetched data.

[0166] At step 508: The AMF access registration information retrieval response is sent from the V-SCP (226A) to the V-GMLC (218).

[0167] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of the method for tracing the location of the HR subscriber in the network (106), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0168] FIG. 6, with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2B, illustrates the method (600) for tracing the location of the HR subscriber in the network (106).

[0169] At step 602, the method (600) includes the IIR (212) server receiving the customized request from the V-SCP (226A). For instance, suppose a mobile user travels from their home country to a foreign location. The V-SCP (226A) in the foreign country identifies and forwards the request to the HR (212) server. This request may include information such as service preferences or roaming status, allowing the HR (212) server to customize the services the user can access while abroad. An example may be allowing the user to access local roaming packages or restrict certain services based on the user preferences or service agreements.

[0170] In an embodiment, the method (600) includes the customized request. The customized includes the AMF access registration request and the AMF access registration response exchanged between the V-AMF (301) and the H-UDM (224B). For instance, when a user (102) with the mobile device enters a new region, the mobile device may connect to the local V-AMF (301). The V-AMF (301) may send the AMF access registration request to update location and connection details. In response, the V-AMF (301) may communicate with the H-UDM (224B) to confirm the user credentials and registration status, sending back the AMF access registration response to seamless connectivity and mobility management for the user (102).

[0171] In an embodiment, the method (600) includes receiving, by the H-UDM (224B), the AMF access registration request from the V-AMF (301), where the AMF access registration request is obtained by the H-UDM (224B) when the subscriber attaches to the network (106). The method (600) includes transmitting, by the H-UDM (224B), the AMF access registration response to the V-AMF (301). The method (600) includes generating, by the V-SCP (226A), the customized request based on the AMF access registration request and the AMF access registration response. The transmitting, by the V-SCP (226A), the customized request to the HR (212) server, and where the customized request is provided for tracing the location of the subscriber. For instance, when a new user (102) powers ON their device and attempts to connect to their mobileservice provider's network (106), this request is initiated. The H-UDM (224B) may send the AMF access registration response back to the V-AMF (301). The V-SCP (226A) may create the customized request based on the information from both the access registration request and the response. Consider a scenario where the network (106) may need to understand which services are available to the new user (102) and the customized request may help in here. The V-SCP (226 A) may transmit the customized request to the HR (212) server to track the user ( 102) location. F or example, if emergency services need to locate the user (102) quickly, the customized request may aids in determining the user (102) current position in the network (106).

[0172] At step 604, the method (600) includes the HR (212) server parsing the customized request to extract the SUPI, and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber.

[0173] In an embodiment, the one or more dynamic roaming parameters includes at least of the AMF instance identifier, deregistration callback URI, global unique AMF identifier, radio access technology type, and the permanent equipment identifier.

[0174] At step 606, the method involves the HR (212) server storing the extracted SUPI and any associated roaming parameters into the database (210). For example, if the user (102) switches from their home network to the foreign network while traveling, their SUPI and details like network authorization, billing preferences, and service level agreements may be stored to facilitate seamless connectivity and accurate billing during roaming.

[0175] In an embodiment, the method (600) includes maintaining, by the HR (212) server, the mapping between the extracted SUPI and the GPSI of the subscriber in the database (210). For example, consider the subscriber SUPI, which may be a unique number assigned to them in the network (106). The HR (212) server may storean association linking the SUPI with the subscriber GPSI, such as their phone number or email, in the database (210). This mapping may ensure that whenever the GPSI is used, the corresponding SUPI can be easily retrieved, facilitating efficient identification and communication within the network (106).

[0176] At step 608, the method (600) includes the IIR (212) server retrieving the GPSI corresponding to the SUPI from the H-UDM (224B). based on an identifier translation technique. For instance, when a user device may be identified by the SUPI during the network access request, the HR (212) server communicates with the H-UDM (224B) to translate the SUPI into the GPSI. The GPSI, a more general identifier, may then be utilized in various network operations such as session management or message routing, ensuring user privacy and efficient network handling.

[0177] In an embodiment, the identifier translation technique includes the following steps: first step, triggering, by the HR (212) server, an identifier translation request towards the H-UDM (224B) upon receiving the customized request and the second step, receiving, by the IIR (212) server, an identifier translation response from the H-UDM (224B), where the identifier translation response includes the GPSI to the extracted SUPI of the subscriber. For example, if a mobile network needs to determine the service area of a subscriber, this process might start with the subscriber initiating a data request. The IIR (212) server may send the translation request to the H-UDM (224B) to obtain the required identifiers. The HR (212) server may receive the translation response from the H-UDM (224B), which includes the GPSI mapped to the extracted SUPI of the subscriber. For example, converting a temporary call identifier used within the network (106) into a more stable identifier that can link to the subscriber's profile for efficient service delivery.

[0178] At step 610, the method (600) includes the IIR (212) server providing stored roaming parameters in response to the location information retrieval request pertaining to the SUPI or the GPSI. For instance, consider a subscriber traveling abroadthe IIR (212) server receives a request from the V-GMLC (218) to ascertain the location of this subscriber. By providing the roaming parameters, the V-GMLC (218) may trace the subscriber location accurately, facilitating seamless connectivity and improved service delivery.

[0179] In an embodiment enabling the tracing of the location of the subscriber includes receiving, by the HR (212) server, the access registration information retrieval request from the V-GMLC (218), where the access registration information retrieval request includes the SUPI or the GPSI of the subscriber. The HR (212) server accesses the database (210) to retrieve dynamic roaming parameters associated with that specific SUPI or GPSI, such as network identification codes or available service regions. The IIR (212) server transmits the one or more dynamic roaming parameters back to the V- GMLC (218) in the access registration information retrieval response, which may be assisting in tracing the subscriber exact location and enabling services accordingly.

[0180] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computer system (700) in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. As shown in FIG. 7, the computer system (700) may include an external storage device (710), a bus (720), a main memory (730), a read-only memory (740), a mass storage device (750), communication port(s) (760), and a processor (770). A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system (700) may include more than one processor and communication ports. The processor (770) may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication port(s) (760) may be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10 / 100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port(s) (760) may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system (700) connects.

[0181] The main memory (730) may be Random- Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory (740) may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) instructions for the processor (770). The mass storage device (750) may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and / or instructions. The mass storage device (750) includes, but is not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having a Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks.

[0182] The bus (720) communicatively couples the processor (770) with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus (720) may be, e.g. a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), the USB, or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor (770) to the computer system (700).

[0183] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g. a display, keyboard, joystick, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus (720) to support direct operator interaction with the computer system (700). Other operators and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) (760). The components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system (700) limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0184] In an embodiment the system (108) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network (106) is described. The system (108) includes the HR (212) server,configured to receive the customized request from the V-SCP (226A). Parse the customized request to extract the SUPI and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber. Store the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in the database (210). Retrieve the GPSI to the extracted SUPI from the H- UDM (224B) based on an identifier translation technique. Provide the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to the V-GMUC (218), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0185] In another exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure discloses the exemplary computer system (600) is configured to execute a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors (202), cause the one or more processors (202) to perform the method (600) for tracing location of the subscriber in the network (106), the method (600) includes receiving, by the IIR (212) server, the customized request from the V-SCP (226A). The method (600) includes parsing, by the HR (212) server, the customized request to extract the SUPI and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber. The method (600) includes storing, by the IIR (212) server, the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in the database (210). The method (600) includes retrieving, by the IIR (212) server, the GPSI to the extracted SUPI thr H-UDM (224B) based on the identifier translation technique. The method (600) includes providing, by the IIR (212) server, the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to the V-GMUC (218)), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

[0186] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims thatfollow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

[0187] The method (600) and system (108) of the present disclosure may be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the methods and systems of the present disclosure may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order for the steps of the method is for illustration only, and the steps of the method of the present disclosure are not limited to the order specifically described above unless specifically stated otherwise. Further, in some embodiments, the present disclosure may also be embodied as programs recorded in a recording medium, the programs including machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure also covers a recording medium storing a program for executing the method according to the present disclosure.

[0188] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0189] The present disclosure offers the method (700) and system (108) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network. The present disclosure provides technical advancement by addressing the inefficiencies of traditional cross-network data exchanges, which are often complex and slow, leading to errors and non-compliance with regulatory standards. The method (600) includes receiving the customized requestby the IIR (212) server from V-SCP (226A), parsing the request to extract vital subscriber information, storing the data effectively, translating identifiers to data accuracy, and ultimately enabling efficient location tracing via secure communication pathways. The technical advancement overcomes drawbacks by streamlining and securing data exchanges, reducing latency in retrieving subscriber location information and ensuring compliance with 5G roaming regulations without data inaccuracies or breaches. By consolidating the interaction between visited and home networks, the method (600) may enhance network (106) efficiency and robustness.ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0190] The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of the system and the method where:

[0191] Integrates the International In-Roamer Register (IIR) node and utilizing secure communication interfaces, so that the system can efficiently retrieve and manage location data. The network operators can comply with regulatory requirements and provide precise location-based services without the risk of inaccurate data or location errors.

[0192] Streamlines the process of accessing and retrieving international inroamer subscriber information by consolidating the communication between a visited network and a home network. This reduces the complexity and latency typically associated with cross-network data requests. As a result, network efficiency is enhanced, with quicker response times for location queries and fewer resources required for managing international in-roamer subscribers.

[0193] Adheres to the existing 5G roaming guidelines while introducing new functionalities that do not breach the regulations. By using secure nodes like a SecurityEdge Protection Proxies (SEPP) and a Service Communication Proxies (SCP) to handle data exchanges, the system maintains high security standards, protecting international in-roamer subscriber data during transmission. This secure, guideline-compliant approach minimizes the risk of unauthorized access or data breaches, thereby safeguarding international in-roamer subscriber privacy and enhancing trust in the network’s operations.

Claims

1. CLAIMS1. A method (600) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network (106), the method (600) comprising: receiving, by an International In-Roamer (IIR) (212) server, a customized request from a visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP) (226A); parsing, by the HR (212) server, the customized request to extract a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber; storing, by the HR (212) server, the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in a database (210); retrieving, by the HR (212) server, a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) to the extracted SUPI from a Home-Unified Data Management (H-UDM) (224B) based on an identifier translation technique; and providing, by the IIR (212) server, the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to a Visited-Gateway Mobile Location Centre (V-GMLC) (218), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

2. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein: the customized request includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) access registration request and an AMF access registration response exchanged between a visited- AMF (V-AMF) (301) and the H-UDM (224B).

3. The method (600) as claimed in claim 2, comprising: receiving, by the H-UDM (224B), the AMF access registration request from the V-AMF (301), wherein the AMF access registration request is obtained by the H-UDM (224B) when the subscriber attaches to the network (106); transmitting, by the H-UDM (224B), the AMF access registration response to the V-AMF (301); generating, by the V-SCP (226A), the customized request based on the AMF access registration request and the AMF access registration response; and transmitting, by the V-SCP (226 A), the customized request to the HR (212) server, and wherein the customized request is provided for tracing the location of the subscriber.

4. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the identifier translation technique comprises: triggering, by the HR (212) server, an identifier translation request towards the H-UDM (224B) upon receiving the customized request; and receiving, by the HR (212) server, an identifier translation response from the H-UDM (224B), wherein the identifier translation response comprises the GPSI to the extracted SUPI of the subscriber.

5. The method (600) as claimed in claim 4, further comprising maintaining, by the HR (212) server, a mapping between the extracted SUPI and the GPSI of the subscriber in the database (210).

6. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more dynamic roaming parameters comprises at least of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) instance identifier, deregistration callback Uniform ResourceIdentifier (URI), global unique AMF identifier, radio access technology type, and a permanent equipment identifier.

7. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1 , enabling the tracing of the location of the subscriber comprises: receiving, by the IIR (212) server, an access registration information retrieval request from the V-GMLC (218), wherein the access registration information retrieval request includes the SUPI or the GPSI of the subscriber; retrieving, by the IIR (212) server, the one or more stored dynamic roaming parameters from the database (210) based on the SUPI or the GPSI; and transmitting, by the IIR (212) server, an access registration information retrieval response to the V-GMLC (218) comprising the stored one or more dynamic roaming parameters.

8. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IIR (212) updates the stored dynamic roaming parameters and the mapping in the database (210) upon receiving updated information related to the subscriber.

9. A system (108) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network (106), the system (108) comprising: an International In-Roamer (IIR ) (212) server, configured to: receive a customized request from a visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP) (226A); parse the customized request to extract a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber;store the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in a database (210); retrieve a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) to the extracted SUPI from a Home-Unified Data Management (H-UDM) (224B) based on an identifier translation technique; and provide the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to a Visited-Gateway Mobile Uocation Centre (V-GMLC) (218), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

10. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the customized request includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) access registration request and an AMF access registration response exchanged between a visited-AMF (V-AMF) (301) and the H-UDM (224B).

11. The system (108) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the H-UDM (224B) is configured to: receive the AMF access registration request from the V-AMF (301), wherein the AMF access registration request is obtained by the H-UDM (224B) when the subscriber attaches to the network (106); transmit the AMF access registration response to the V-AMF (301); generate the customized request based on the AMF access registration request and the AMF access registration response; and transmit the customized request to the IIR (212) server, wherein the customized request is provided for tracing the location of the subscriber.

12. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the identifier translation technique comprises:trigger, by the IIR (212) server, an identifier translation request towards the H-UDM (224B) upon receiving the customized request; and receive, by the IIR (212) server, an identifier translation response from the H-UDM (224B), wherein the identifier translation response comprises the GPSI to the extracted SUPI of the subscriber.

13. The system (108) as claimed in claim 12, further comprising maintaining, by the IIR (212) server, a mapping between the extracted SUPI and the GPSI of the subscriber in the database (210).

14. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more dynamic roaming parameters comprises at least of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) instance identifier, deregistration callback Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), global unique AMF identifier, radio access technology type, and a permanent equipment identifier.

15. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein enabling the tracing of the location of the subscriber comprises: receive, by the IIR (212) server, an access registration information retrieval request from the V-GMLC (218), wherein the access registration information retrieval request includes the SUPI or the GPSI of the subscriber; retrieve, by the IIR (212) server, the one or more stored dynamic roaming parameters from the database (210) based on the SUPI or the GPSI; and transmit, by the IIR (212) server, an access registration information retrieval response to the V-GMLC (218) comprising the stored one or more dynamic roaming parameters.

16. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the IIR (212) server is configured to update the stored dynamic roaming parameters and the mapping in the database (210) upon receiving updated information related to the subscriber.

17. A computer program product comprising a non -transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute a method (600) for tracing location of a subscriber in a network (106), the method (600) comprising: receiving, by an International In-Roamer (IIR) (212) server, a customized request from a visited Service Communication Proxy (V-SCP) (226A); parsing, by the IIR (212) server, the customized request to extract a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and one or more dynamic roaming parameters associated with the subscriber; storing, by the IIR (212) server, the extracted SUPI and the one or more roaming parameters in a database (210); retrieving, by the IIR (212) server, a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) to the extracted SUPI from a Home-Unified Data Management (H-UDM) (224B) based on an identifier translation technique; and providing, by the IIR (212) server, the one or more stored roaming parameters in response to a location information retrieval request for the SUPI or the GPSI to a Visited-Gateway Mobile Uocation Centre (V-GMLC) (218), to enable tracing the location of the subscriber.

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