Method and apparatus for temperature control in a bladeless planetary mixer

Abstract

The invention provides a bladeless planetary mixer comprising a basket for receiving a material to be processed by the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer is configured to subject the material to superimposed rotation and revolution movements. The bladeless planetary mixer has a temperature regulation arrangement configured to regulate a temperature of the material being processed.

Description

Method and Apparatus for Temperature Control in a Bladeless Planetary MixerCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application serial number 63 / 692,381 filed September 9, 2024, and U.S. provisional patent application serial number 63 / 744,201 filed January 11, 2025. The contents of each of the above- referenced document are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.Technical Field

[0002] The present invention pertains to a bladeless planetary mixer and related methodologies designed to provide enhanced temperature control of materials processed by the planetary mixer. Additionally, the invention encompasses components or sub-assemblies of the planetary mixer that facilitate the temperature control functionality.Background

[0003] Planetary mixers have been employed across various industries for many years. These mixers process materials by subjecting them to superimposed rotational and revolutionary movements, thereby inducing significant centrifugal forces. This results in uniform and efficient mixing without the need for mixing blades. The absence of mixing blades reduces the likelihood of air bubble incorporation into the mixture, a desirable attribute for multiple applications, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry.

[0004] Planetary mixers are also utilized for melting specific materials, such as gelatin, which can serve as an excipient, diluent, or carrier for an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in pharmaceutical formulations. As gelatin particles are exposed to the combined rotational and revolutionary movements, friction and shearing forces elevate the temperature of the gelatin, facilitating its melting. During the melting or subsequent mixing cycles, the API can be uniformly dispersed within the liquefied gelatin.

[0005] The following disclosures provide examples of planetary mixers and their applications, and their contents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety: CA168358D; US10231903; US11612866; US111130106; US11338254.

[0006] Despite the efficiency and capabilities of current planetary mixers, there remains a need for improvements, particularly in temperature control. This need is important in pharmaceutical applications where an API is mixed with an excipient, diluent, or carrier. If the temperature of the excipient, diluent, or carrier exceeds the thermal degradation temperature of the API, the resultant mixture will lack the necessary therapeutic properties. Therefore, there is an industry demand for a planetary mixer and associated methodologies that offer improved temperature control during material processing.Summary

[0007] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key aspects or essential aspects of the claimed subject matter.

[0008] As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides in one broad aspect a bladeless planetary mixer comprising a basket for receiving a material to be processed by the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer is configured to subject the material to superimposed rotation and revolution movements. The bladeless planetary mixer further comprises a temperature regulation arrangement configured to regulate a temperature of the material.

[0009] Optionally, under the first broad aspect, the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature of the material while the material is subjected to the superimposed rotation and revolution movements.

[0010] Optionally, under the first broad aspect, the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature of the material while the material is subjected to superimposed rotation and revolution movements such as to prevent the temperature of the material to exceed a threshold.

[0011] Optionally, under the first broad aspect, the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature by varying either one or both superimposed rotation and revolution movements.

[0012] Optionally, under the first broad aspect, the planetary mixer includes a heating arrangement to heat the material in the basket, which is controlled by the temperature regulation arrangement.

[0013] Optionally, under the first broad aspect, the bladeless planetary mixer includes a cooling arrangement controlled by the temperature regulation arrangement to perform temperature regulation.

[0014] Optionally, under the first broad aspect, the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature of the material while the material is subjected to superimposed rotation and revolution movements such as to prevent the temperature of the material to exceed a threshold, wherein the temperature regulation arrangement includes a data processing device having an input configured for receiving a signal that conveys the threshold, the temperature regulation arrangement being responsive to the signal to adjust either one or both of the rotation and revolution movements to which the material is subjected to maintain the temperature of the material below the threshold.

[0015] As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides in a second broad aspect, a bladeless planetary mixer comprising a basket for receiving a material to be processed by the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer is configured to subject the material to superimposed rotation and revolution movements. The bladeless planetary mixer further comprises a heating arrangement to heat the material in the basket and a control arrangement to control a degree of heat produced by the heating arrangement.

[0016] Optionally, under the second broad aspect, the heating arrangement includes a resistive heating element located such that heat produced by the resistive heating element is communicated to the material in the basket.

[0017] Optionally, under the second broad aspect, the heating arrangement includes an induction coil configured to heat the material in the basket via induction heating.

[0018] Optionally, underthe second broad aspect, the heating arrangement operates to heat the material in the basket while the basket is stationary.

[0019] Optionally, underthe second broad aspect, the heating element includes an induction coil which is configured to heat the basket, which in turn heats the material in the basket.

[0020] As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides in a third aspect a bladeless planetary mixer comprising a basket for receiving a material to be processed by the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer is configured to subject the material in the basket to superimposed rotation and revolution movements, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer comprising a control arrangement configured for implementing a user interface for receiving user inputs, the user interface configured for presenting to a user a plurality of individually selectable options corresponding to a plurality of functions to be performed by the bladeless planetary mixer, the plurality of functions including a melting function, and in response to selection of the option corresponding to the melting function, presenting to a user a plurality of individually selectable choices corresponding to different materials to be melted.

[0021] Optionally, under the third aspect, the control arrangement includes a database storing a plurality of operational parameter values for the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the database mapping individually selectable choices corresponding to different materials to be melted with respective operational parameter values, in response to selection of choice of material to be melted at the user interface the control arrangement implementingthe one or more operational parameter values associated with the selected choice of material.

[0022] Optionally, under the third aspect, the operational parameter values include a time period during which the material is subjected to superimposed rotation and revolution movements.

[0023] Optionally, underthe third aspect, the operational parameter values include a rotation speed value.

[0024] Optionally, under the third aspect, the operational parameter values include a revolution speed value.

[0025] Optionally, under the third aspect, the user interface is configured to receive a user input indicative of a maximal temperature for the melted material.

[0026] Optionally, under the third aspect, the control arrangement is responsive to the user input indicative of a maximal temperature for the melted material to regulate operational parameters of the bladeless planetary mixer to melt the material and maintain the temperature of the melt at or below the maximal temperature.

[0027] As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention further provides, under a fourth aspect, an adapter for a planetary mixer, comprising a structure to receive a container and support the container in a basket of the planetary mixer and a temperature sensing arrangement mounted to the structure.

[0028] Optionally, under this fourth aspect the temperature sensing arrangement includes a contactless temperature sensor.

[0029] As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides under a fifth aspect a method for measuring temperature of contents of a container subjected to superimposed revolution and rotation movements in a planetary mixer, the method comprising positioning a temperature sensor adjacent a side wall of the container and measuring an output of the temperature sensor during the superimposed revolution and rotation movements.

[0030] Optionally under this fifth aspect, the temperature sensor is subjected to the superimposed revolution and rotation movements along with the container while the output of the temperature sensor is being measured.

[0031] As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention further provides, according to a sixth aspect a method for measuring temperature of contents of a container subjected to superimposed revolution and rotation movements in a planetary mixer, the method comprising positioning a temperature sensor adjacent a bottom wall of the container and measuring an output of the temperature sensor during the superimposed revolution and rotation movements.

[0032] Optionally under the sixth aspect the temperature sensor is subjected to the superimposed revolution and rotation movements along with the container while the output of the temperature sensor is being measured.

[0033] As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides according to a seventh aspect an adapter for a planetary mixer, the adapter comprising a shell structure configured to receive and support a container within a basket of the planetary mixer; and a temperature sensing arrangement mounted to the shell structure and configured to sense a temperature associated with contents of the container during superimposed rotation and revolution movements of the basket.

[0034] All features of embodiments which are described in this disclosure and are not mutually exclusive can be combined with one another. Elements of one embodiment can be utilized in the other embodiments without further mention. Other aspects, features, advantages, and benefits of the compositions, formulations, and methods of the present disclosure will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying Figures.Brief description of the drawings

[0035] For a better understanding of the various embodiments described herein, and to show more clearly how these various embodiments may be carried into effect, reference will be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show at least one example embodiment, and which are now described. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the teachings described herein. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating the main components of a planetary mixer.

[0037] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing of the functionality of the planetary mixer for managing a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

[0038] Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an exemplary configuration of controls implemented by the GUI and allowing the user to select a function that is performed by the planetary mixer.

[0039] Figure 5 is another exemplary configuration of GUI controls allowing the user to select a material to be melted with the planetary mixer.

[0040] Figure 6 is functional block diagram of a variant of the planetary mixer, which uses a database to store operating parameters of the planetary mixer.

[0041] Figure 7 shows selectable options on the GUI and their mapping to operating parameters in the database.

[0042] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the sequence of steps performed by the planetary mixer to melt a material.

[0043] Figure 9 is a conceptual depiction of a planetary mixer illustrating the main components but omitting some implementation details.

[0044] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the dotted line A, illustrating in greater detail the basket in which materials to be processed by the planetary mixer are placed. Note that the casing of the planetary mixer is not shown for clarity.

[0045] Figure 11 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the basket drive assembly using a rotary coupling to supply electrical power to a heating element.

[0046] Figure 12 is another fragmentary side elevational view of the basket drive assembly of the planetary mixer, using an inductive coupling to heat material placed in the basket.

[0047] Figure 13 is a fragmentary top elevational view of the planetary mixer showing a system to heat the basket of the planetary mixer using induction coils, which are stationary relative to the primary rotor of the planetary mixer and also stationary relative the rotating basket.

[0048] Figure 14 is another fragmentary side elevational view of the basket drive assembly of the planetary mixer showing a rotatory coupling used to convey temperature sensor signals.

[0049] Figure 15 is a top elevational view of the planetary mixer, with components being omitted for clarity, depicting an arrangement to measure the temperature of the basket using a remotely mounted infrared sensor.

[0050] Figure 16 illustrates a perspective view of a dispensing container retained within an adapter, specifically configured for application in a planetary mixer.

[0051] Figure 17 provides a perspective view of the combined assembly of the adapter and the dispensing container, wherein the adapter is shown in an open configuration, exposing itsinternal structure. This view highlights the integration of a temperature sensing arrangement within the adapter.

[0052] Figure 18 depicts a perspective view of the dispensing container, shown in isolation and in its entirety, providing a representation of its structural features.

[0053] Figure 19 represents a variant of the configuration illustrated in Figure 17, demonstrating an alternative type of dispensing container and the corresponding adapter.

[0054] Figure 20 presents a block diagram illustrating the temperature sensing arrangement. This schematic delineates the primary functional components of the temperature sensing arrangement as well as the corresponding receiver system.

[0055] Figure 21 offers a top-plan view of a variant of the temperature sensing arrangement, emphasizing structural and spatial design adaptations.

[0056] Figure 22 is a side elevational view corresponding to the temperature sensing arrangement depicted in Figure 21, providing a detailed profile of its configuration.

[0057] Figure 23 illustrates a top elevational view of the temperature sensing arrangement according to an additional variant, highlighting further design modifications.

[0058] Figure 24 provides a side elevational view of the dispensing container associated with the temperature sensing arrangement illustrated in Figure 23.

[0059] Figure 25 is a schematic side elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the temperature sensing arrangement, specifically designed for use without an adapter. This embodiment demonstrates direct integration with a container within a planetary mixer setup.

[0060] In the drawings, exemplary embodiments are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood that the description and drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating certain embodiments and are an aid for understanding. They are not intended to be a definition of the limits of the invention.Detailed description of an example of implementation of the invention

[0061] Figure 1 presents a block diagram of a planetary mixer (10), illustrating the primary functional components of the device. The planetary mixer (10) comprises a user interface (12), one or more sensors (20), a processing unit (14), a temperature regulation unit (18) and a drive unit (16). The user interface (12), the one or more sensors (20), the processing unit (14) and the temperature regulation unit (18) form a control arrangement which regulates the operation of the bladeless planetary mixer 10, in particular, the control arrangement regulates the operation of the drive unit 16 which subjects the materials processed by the planetary mixer to superimposed revolution and rotation movements, among other functions of the bladeless planetary mixer.

[0062] The user interface (12) enables a user to control the planetary mixer (10), specifically to input commands to manage the operation of the machine and to receive information regarding the machine's operation.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the user interface (12) may be a graphical user interface (GUI), which employs graphic controls to accept user inputs and communicate information to the user. This GUI can be implemented on a touch-sensitive screen. Other forms of implementation are possible without departing from the scope of the invention, such as using a pointing device instead of a touch-sensitive surface.

[0064] The user interface (12) communicates with a processing unit (14) that performs the main data processing functions of the planetary mixer (10). The processing unit (14) typically comprises a computer architecture with a central processing unit (CPU) and suitable interfaces to receive data inputs and output data as commands to regulate the operation of the planetary mixer (10). The computer architecture also includes storage means to store computer code, which comprises machine instructions executed by the CPU to implement the various functions of the planetary mixer (10).

[0065] The planetary mixer (10) further includes a driving unit (16) configured to subject the materials being processed to superimposed rotation and revolutions movements. The driving unit (16) will not be described in substantial detail as it generally adheres to conventional construction. At a high level, the driving unit (16) comprises a drive motor (not shown) andthe necessary motion transmission components, such as drive belts, gears, or equivalents, to impart superimposed rotation and revolution movements to a material holding basket.

[0066] The general configuration of the driving unit (16) ensures that the basket, and the materials placed therein, revolve around a generally vertical axis. Simultaneously, the basket and the contained materials are subjected to a rotational movement about an axis inclined relative to the vertical position. In this configuration, the rotational axis intersects the revolution axis at an angle substantially less than 90°.

[0067] Additionally, the planetary mixer (10) incorporates a dynamic temperature control system (18) to regulate processing temperatures. This dynamic temperature control system 18 is responsive to sensors (20) for monitoring the temperature of the materials in the basket of the planetary mixer 10 and comprises a control mechanism for adjusting the operational parameters of the driving unit (16) and other components to achieve the desired temperature. The dynamic temperature control system (18) interfaces with the processing unit (14) to ensure integrated operation and precise control.

[0068] Figure 2 presents a block diagram providing additional details of the user interface arrangement (12) of the planetary mixer (10). The user interface arrangement (12) comprises a graphical user interface (GUI) pane (22), which represents the area where the various graphical controls ofthe GUI are implemented. These controls may include, but are not limited to, text boxes to accept alphanumeric characters as user input, radio buttons, checkboxes that can be selectively activated by the user, menu items, and other graphical controls.

[0069] The GUI outputs signals in response to user input. These signals are communicated to the processing unit (14), where they are managed by a GUI manager (24). The GUI manager (24) is implemented by software executed by the CPU of the processing unit (14). The GUI manager (24) receives the signals generated from the interaction between the user and the GUI, processes these signals as necessary, and conveys them to other functional modules of the planetary mixer (10) to implement the user commands.

[0070] Additionally, the user interface (12) facilitates the communication of information regarding the processing conditions ofthe planetary mixer (10) to the user via the GUI through the GUI manager (24). Specifically, signals conveying information intended to becommunicated through the GUI are received by the GUI manager (24). These signals undergo processing, which may include formatting or any other suitable processing, to ensure the information is adequately displayed on the GUI pane (22). Subsequently, the processed signals are conveyed to the GUI pane (22) to activate the necessary display elements of the GUI.

[0071] Referring now to Figure 3, which illustrates a more specific example of the implementation of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) pane 22, various graphical controls on the GUI pane 22 are arranged within a window. This window includes a menu control 26, which can be activated by touch to display a number of selectable options. These options allow the user to choose from various functionalities associated with the planetary mixer. When the menu is in its expanded condition, as shown in Figure 4, it presents multiple selectable options, each corresponding to a specific predetermined functionality of the planetary mixer.

[0072] The menu includes, but is not limited to, the following options: melting, deaeration, grinding, mixing, and heating. Each option is associated with a specific function of the planetary mixer. For instance:

[0073] Melting Option: This function is used to melt materials placed in the basket of the planetary mixer. An example of such a material is gelatin, which, when melted, can be utilized in the preparation of pharmaceutical or edible compositions.

[0074] Deaeration Option: This function is specifically utilized in instances where materials processed in the mixer contain entrapped air bubbles. The deaeration function effectively removes these air bubbles from the material, thereby ensuring a homogeneous product devoid of air inclusions. A notable example of the application of the deaeration function involves materials that have been previously mixed in a bladed mixer, which tends to introduce air into the mixture.

[0075] In such instances, the previously mixed material, now containing entrapped air, is transferred to the basket of the planetary mixer. Upon activation of the deaeration function, the planetary mixer undergoes a specific operational cycle designed to remove the entrapped air from the material.

[0076] After the completion of the deaeration cycle, the mixture within the planetary mixer is substantially free of entrapped air, resulting in a more uniform and consistent product. This process is particularly beneficial in applications where the presence of air bubbles can compromise the quality, performance, or appearance of the final product, such as in pharmaceutical formulations, food products, or other sensitive materials requiring precise composition and consistency.

[0077] Grinding Option: This function is employed to reduce the particle size of a particulate material. The grinding process subjects the material to abrasive conditions, effectively decreasing its particle size. This is achieved by incorporating grinding media, such as hard ceramic or metal particles, into the particulate material. These grinding media operate to abrade the material, thus reducing its particle size during the planetary mixer's operation.

[0078] Mixing Option: This function is a standard operation in planetary mixers and is used to mix various materials together. The mixing process ensures a uniform blend of the components placed in the mixer.

[0079] Heating Option: This function is used to elevate the temperature of materials placed in the basket of the planetary mixer. It is important to note that heating does not necessarily imply melting. This function is particularly useful for materials that are very viscous, as warming them up can reduce their viscosity, making them easier to process.

[0080] Each of these functions is selectable via the touch-activated menu control 26, providing the user with a versatile and efficient interface to control the operations of the planetary mixer.

[0081] Figure 5 provides additional details of the main structure of the Graphical User Interface (GUI). For example, when the user selects the melting function by activating the control associated with the melting function 28, the GUI pane 22 displays a submenu structure 30. This submenu structure offers selectable options for a range of materials that can be melted. In this instance, four material options are illustrated, though it is understood that additional material options can be incorporated without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0082] In a possible variant when the material to be melted is selected, the user is provided with the opportunity to input the quantity of material to be processed by the planetary mixer and melted. Since the quantity of material to be processed can influence the operating conditions required to achieve a melt, information regarding the amount of material can be used to automate the selection of the planetary mixer settings for executing the melting function.

[0083] One implementation involves providing the GUI with an input control where the user can manually enter the quantity of material. Alternatively, the quantity of material can be determined by a weighing scale directly connected to the planetary mixer, capable of supplying the weight information in real-time. In this variant, the weighing scale would be part of the sensor group (20) shown in Figure 1 and would communicate with the processing unit (14) over a data connection.

[0084] In an exemplary workflow, once the user has selected the material to be melted via the GUI, the user is presented with a control that, when triggered, reads the output from the weighing scale on which the material to be melted is placed. In this manner, the amount of material to be processed and melted is automatically loaded in the processing unit 14, eliminating the need for manual entry of weight information by the user.

[0085] Additionally, the system can be equipped with input logic that allows the specification of a maximum temperature for the melt process. When the material reaches a melted state, continuous operation of the machine may result in an increase in the melt's temperature. If a temperature-sensitive ingredient is present in the melt, this increase might exceed the degradation temperature of the ingredient, which is undesirable. This scenario is particularly pertinent in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions incorporating an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) into the melt.

[0086] To address this potential issue, the GUI enables the user to specify a maximum melt temperature. It is understood that this maximum threshold temperature must be above the material's melting temperature to ensure the melt can be achieved. The user can input the desired maximum temperature value via a control element on the GUI. Optionally, the machine's logic can perform a validation step to ensure that the user-supplied thresholdtemperature exceeds the material's melting temperature, confirming the feasibility of achieving a melt.

[0087] As described below, when the user interacts with the GUI pane by activating the respective control, the operating conditions of the planetary mixer are set to efficiently achieve the melting of the selected material. It is understood that different materials may require different operating conditions. These operating conditions of the planetary mixer include, but are not limited to, revolution speed, rotation speed, cycle duration, direction of revolution, direction of rotation, and temperature management.

[0088] This GUI structure presents technical benefits for the user by simplifying the operation of the machine through a user-friendly mechanism that allows the end user to specify the desired outcome. The system automatically fetches and sets the appropriate operating parameters for the selected function. In contrast, prior devices, which are more manual in nature, require the operator to know the correct operating conditions for a specific function, such as melting a particular material, and to input those operating conditions manually. With prior devices, the user must identify the preferred operating conditions, which may not be feasible for inexperienced users. Additionally, manual manipulation of machine controls to set these operating conditions introduces the possibility of error.

[0089] Figure 6 conceptually illustrates the architecture of an arrangement that enables the automatic setting of operating parameters for the planetary mixer upon the user making the necessary inputs on the GUI pane 22. In this configuration, the processing unit 14 is in communication with a database 30 that stores the settings for the planetary mixer.

[0090] In the example depicted, the database 30 is local to the planetary mixer. However, in an alternative embodiment, the database 30 can be remotely located and can communicate with the processing unit 14 via a data communication network. For instance, the database 30 may reside in the cloud and be accessible by the processing unit 14 through the Internet or any other suitable data communication network.

[0091] In the instance where the database 30 is remotely located, the processing unit 14 is equipped with a communication interface designed to establish a communication session with the remote database 30. This communication interface includes the necessary hardware andsoftware components that enable the processing unit 14, which operates the logic managing the planetary mixer, to query the database and receive the resultant data output from the database 30.

[0092] It is noteworthy that the processing unit 14 need not be physically integrated with the planetary mixer 10 either. Embodiments are feasible where the processing unit 14 is implemented in a separate device that physically operates independently from the planetary mixer but communicates with it to receive signals from the sensors group 20 and to transmit commands to the drive unit 16. In such configurations, the user interface 12, such as the GUI, would also not be physically part of the planetary mixer but integrated with the processing unit 14.

[0093] In a specific example, the processing unit 14 and the user interface 12 could be components of a mobile computing device, such as a tablet, smartphone, or any other suitable computing platform that can be conveniently carried or accessed by the user and is not physically tethered to the planetary mixer 10. This mobile computing platform would be configured to communicate wirelessly with the planetary mixer or, alternatively, could be hardwired to it.

[0094] Referring now to Figure 7, which illustrates the structure of the selection menu on the GUI pane 22, the figure also depicts the corresponding arrangement of the database 30. This database stores the operating parameters necessary to achieve a melt for the various materials selectable via the menu options on the GUI.

[0095] The database 30 is structured as a table, although it should be understood that alternative arrangements are possible, provided they establish the necessary relationships between the different data elements. In the illustrated example, each material option selectable by the user is associated with a row in the table. Different columns in the table correspond to different operational parameters. These operational parameters include:

[0096] Rotation: Typically expressed in RPM, this parameter determines the rotation speed of the basket.

[0097] Revolution: Also expressed in RPM, this parameter determines the speed of revolution of the basket. Instead of providing separate rotation and revolution speeds, these can be expressed as a percentage of each other. For example, the rotation speed can be expressed as a percentage of the revolution speed.

[0098] Rotation Direction: Specifies whether the rotation is performed clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0099] Revolution Direction: Indicates whether the revolution is done clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0100] Cycle Time: The duration of the melting cycle, typically expressed in minutes.

[0101] Target Temperature: The temperature at which a melt is expected to occur, which, in a specific example, would be the melting temperature of the selected material.

[0102] As shown in Figure 7, each selectable option corresponding to a material to be melted is linked to a row in the table. Accordingly, when a user makes a selection on the GUI pane 22, the processing unit 14 extracts from the database 30 the operational parameters associated with that selection and loads these parameters, ensuring that the planetary mixer (10) operates under conditions optimized to achieve a melt for the selected material.

[0103] As previously mentioned, the operating parameters necessary for the planetary mixer 10 to achieve a melt can also factor in the quantity of material to be melted. When the amount of material is comparatively small, the melt will be achieved more quickly than with a larger amount. Therefore, the logic executed by the processing unit 14 is configured to account for the quantity of material placed into the planetary mixer. This quantity can be manually specified by the user via the GUI or automatically input from a weighing scale.

[0104] To adapt the operating parameters of the planetary mixer 10 to the actual amount of material to be melted, the processing unit 14 implements scaling logic, which adjusts the operational parameters stored in the database 30 according to the actual quantity of material loaded into the planetary mixer. The operating parameters stored in the database 30 are associated with a nominal quantity of material to be melted. For example, the nominal quantity might be 100 grams of material. If the actual quantity being processed exceeds thisnominal amount, such as 200 grams, the scaling logic adjusts the nominal parameters to accommodate the new quantity.

[0105] Several algorithms can be employed to scale the parameters in relation to the quantity of material. One such algorithm performs a linear adaptation of one or more parameters. For instance, the cycle time can be proportionately increased according to the quantity, while other parameters remain constant. In this scenario, the rotation speed, revolution speed, rotation direction, and revolution direction do not change, and only the cycle time is adjusted. As the amount of material in the basket increases, the planetary mixer operates for a longer period to achieve a melt.

[0106] Alternatively, the scaling can involve adjusting the rotation and revolution speeds and directions. For example, the speeds can be increased with the increasing quantity of material, though there is a practical limit to the maximum speeds tolerated by the driving unit 16.

[0107] It will be understood that if the quantity of material placed in the basket of the planetary mixer is below the nominal value, the scaling operation functions in reverse; that is, the scaling operation reduces the cycle time and optionally adjusts the rotation and revolution speeds accordingly.

[0108] Figure 8 illustrates a workflow executed by the planetary mixer 10, providing a detailed representation of the various functionalities previously discussed and their interactions. This workflow is particularly applied in the context of using the planetary mixer 10 for the melting of a material, where controlling the melt temperature is performed to prevent exceeding a predetermined threshold.

[0109] The workflow initiates at step 32. In step 34, the planetary mixer is powered on, and the GUI manager 24, along with other associated hardware and software modules, are activated, resulting in the activation of the GUI pane 22. Once active, the GUI pane 22 displays various GUI controls, enabling the user to select the specific functionality of the planetary mixer to be utilized. Specifically, the user is presented with the input screen shown in Figure 3 on the GUI pane 22. At step 36, the GUI receives the user's input, thereby triggering the functionality selection process within the GUI.

[0110] In step 38, the GUI presents a menu displaying the various available functionalities, allowing the user to select the desired functionality. In step 40, the GUI captures the user's input, specifically recording the selection of the desired functionality from a range of options, including but not limited to melting, deaeration, grinding, mixing, and heating. For the purposes of this workflow, it is assumed that the user selects the melting function.

[0111] The selection of the melting function on the GUI prompts the GUI manager 24 to display, at step 42, additional controls on the GUI to gather further information relevant to the melting function. These additional controls, depicted in Figure 5, appear as a sub-menu that enables the user to specify the material to be melted, facilitating the automatic selection of melting parameters tailored to the selected material.

[0112] In step 44, the user inputs the material selection for melting. As indicated in step 44, the GUI may also optionally accept input regarding the quantity of the material to be melted. This can be achieved by providing a GUI weight input control where the user can manually enter the material quantity. For instance, the user might weigh the material using a scale and then input the measured quantity into the GUI using a keyboard. Alternatively, the weighing scale can be interfaced with the planetary mixer 10 to automatically input the material's weight, thus eliminating the need for manual entry. In this case, the weighing scale is considered part of the sensor group 20, which communicates with the processing unit 14. When an appropriate control on the GUI is activated (not shown), a signal is issued by the processing unit 14 to obtain the weight information. This information is then transmitted from the weighing scale to the processing unit 14, where it is stored in the memory of the planetary mixer 10. For validation purposes, the measured weight information is displayed on the GUI (not shown in the drawings), allowing the user to confirm the weight data. The user can validate the weight data by activating a suitable control, such as an "OK" button or a "Cancel" button to reject the weight data.

[0113] At step 46, the user is enabled to input a temperature threshold for the melted material. As will be explained in further detail below, the planetary mixer 10 is configured to melt the selected material; however, once the melt is achieved, the temperature of the melt is regulated to prevent it from exceeding the predefined maximum temperature threshold. This temperature regulation is particularly advantageous in scenarios where the meltedmaterial is concurrently mixed with another ingredient that may be sensitive to high temperatures. An example of such temperature-sensitive materials includes Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) used in the formulation of pharmaceutical preparations. If the temperature of the melt is not properly controlled and exceeds the degradation temperature of the API, the API's properties may degrade, thereby compromising the quality of the pharmaceutical composition.

[0114] Although not illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the GUI is designed to accept user input regarding the maximum allowable temperature of the melt. For instance, the GUI may provide a graphical control, such as a character input box, where the user can manually enter the desired maximum temperature. Alternatively, the control can be configured to present a list of different temperature options, allowing the user to select the desired maximum temperature from the list rather than entering it manually into the input box.

[0115] Step 48 involves a validation procedure to ensure that the maximum temperature input by the user will still permit the successful melting of the selected material. For instance, if the user inadvertently enters a maximum temperature that is lower than the melting temperature of the selected material, the melting process cannot be completed. Step 48 serves as a conditional step wherein the maximum temperature entered by the user is compared to the melting temperature of the selected material to confirm that the maximum temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the selected material. Specifically, upon completion of step 46, where the maximum temperature value is entered, the processing unit 14 accesses the database 22 to retrieve the melting temperature of the selected material and compares it to the user-entered temperature threshold from step 46. If the melting temperature is found to be higher than the maximum temperature, the workflow is interrupted, and an error message is displayed on the GUI, notifying the user that the process cannot continue. Conversely, if the maximum temperature exceeds the melting temperature, the process advancesto step 52, where the processing unit 14 retrieves operating parameters for the planetary mixer 10 from the database 22. These operating para meters typically include the rotation speed, revolution speed, direction of rotation, direction of revolution, and cycle time, which is the duration for which the planetary mixer will be operated to achieve the melt.

[0116] At step 54, the processing unit 14 performs a scaling operation to adjust the operating parameters according to the quantity of material to be processed. As previously discussed, the operating parameters retrieved from the database 22 correspond to a nominal quantity of material. In most cases, the operating parameters will require adjustment since the quantity of material the user intends to process may differ from the nominal quantity.

[0117] Several methodologies can be employed to perform the scaling operation. One straightforward approach is to adjust only the cycle time. In this approach, other parameters such as rotation speed, revolution speed, and the directions of rotation and revolution remain unchanged. For example, if the operating parameters associated with a nominal weight of 100 grams of material include a cycle time of one minute, and the quantity of material to be processed is 200 grams, the cycle time is scaled linearly to two minutes, with the other parameters remaining constant.

[0118] Alternatively, the scaling operation can involve adjusting the rotation and revolution speeds, which are typically increased to compensate for the larger quantity of material, thereby enhancing the forces acting on the material being processed. However, practical limits exist on increasing the rotation and revolution speeds, as the drive unit is designed to withstand only a certain level of mechanical stress. Nonetheless, variations in rotation and revolution speeds are feasible during the scaling operation.

[0119] Instead of employing an algorithm to perform the scaling operation, which could function as either a linear or nonlinear process, it is also possible to use a lookup table to obtain scaled operating parameters. Such a lookup table can be constructed by correlating material quantities with their corresponding operating parameters. These operating parameters associated with specific material quantities can be experimentally determined. During the scaling operation, the processing unit 14 identifies the entry in the lookup table corresponding to the quantity of material to be processed and extracts the associated operating parameters from the table that match the material quantity.

[0120] At step 56, the scaled operating parameters are transmitted to the drive unit (16). At step 58, the operation of the planetary mixer (10) is initiated in accordance with the scaled operational parameters.

[0121] At step 60, the dynamic temperature control system 18 for the planetary mixer (10) is activated. The dynamic temperature control system il8 s managed by a software module that is integrated into the processing unit (14). This software module continuously monitors the conditions within the planetary mixer (10), specifically the temperature of the material being processed, and dynamically adjusts the operational parameters of the planetary mixer (10) to maintain the temperature within predefined limits. The temperature of the material is reported by a sensor, which is part of the sensor group 20. Details of the structure and operation of the sensor will be provided later.

[0122] In one specific embodiment, the dynamic temperature control system 18 is configured to regulate the rotation speed, the revolution speed, and the cycle time of the planetary mixer (10). For instance, if the dynamic temperature control system 18 detects that the temperature of the melt is approaching the maximum temperature set by the user, the system may reduce the rotation speed, the revolution speed, or the cycle time to prevent the temperature of the melt from exceeding the maximum threshold. Various control strategies may be considered for this purpose.

[0123] One basic strategy involves halting the operation of the planetary mixer (10) when the temperature of the melt approaches the user-defined maximum temperature. This control strategy may be appropriate for applications where the material, such as gelatin, is being melted without any additional ingredients, and the user desires to prevent the temperature from surpassing a specific limit. In such a scenario, once the temperature nears that limit, the planetary mixer (10) is automatically stopped.

[0124] In contrast, for applications where melting and mixing occur simultaneously— such as when gelatin is being melted while an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is present in the container, requiring thorough mixing of the API with the melted material— interrupting the operation of the planetary mixer (10) prematurely may be undesirable. Continued operation of the planetary mixer (10) throughout the entire cycle might be necessary to ensure complete dispersion of the API throughout the melt. If the planetary mixer (10) is stopped prematurely, the API might not be adequately dispersed in the melt. In such cases, the original cycle time may be maintained to achieve uniform API dispersion, while the rotation and / or revolutionspeeds are reduced to generate less internal heat, thereby preventing further temperature increase of the melt.

[0125] In another embodiment, the dynamic temperature control system 18 incorporates active heating and cooling mechanisms. The specific structure and operational details of the heating and cooling system will be described in greater detail subsequently. In this embodiment, the dynamic temperature control system 18 is capable of actively heating or cooling the material being processed, in addition to employing the previously described control strategies, to achieve more precise temperature regulation.

[0126] Furthermore, the dynamic temperature control system 18, by utilizing active heating, can expedite the melting process by initially injecting heat into the material. This heat, in conjunction with the frictional and shearing forces generated by the rotational and revolution movements of the planetary mixer (10), can accelerate the achievement of a melt state. The active heating system, as further detailed below, may also be employed to heat the material without necessarily inducing its melting. A specific example of this process will be provided later.

[0127] For instance, certain applications may require the reduction of a material's viscosity. This can be accomplished by processing the material in the planetary mixer (10) to elevate its temperature. The temperature elevation can be achieved through the frictional and shearing forces produced by the rotation and revolution movements, in combination with the injection of heat, thereby accelerating the heating process.

[0128] In the present example, the dynamic temperature control system 60 initiates active heating of the material being processed by the planetary mixer 10. It is further assumed that the heating occurs concurrently with the superimposed rotational and revolutionary movements, such that while the material is being heated, it is simultaneously subjected to the forces generated by these combined movements. The synergistic effect of heating and the superimposed movements results in an elevation of the material’s temperature. The active heating can be maintained for a predefined time period.

[0129] If the active heating is employed with the objective to facilitate the melting of the material, continuous heating throughout the entire melting cycle is not required. It is feasibleto sustain heating only at the commencement of the process to reduce the viscosity of the material enough such that the frictional and shearing forces induced by the superimposed rotational and revolutionary movements subsequently raise the temperature to the melting point. Therefore, the active heating can be configured to activate during an initial phase, which is shorter than the total melting cycle duration. Once the initial heating phase expires, the heating is terminated, and only the superimposed rotational and revolutionary movements continue to elevate the material's temperature without external heat contribution.

[0130] The management of the active heating can be achieved in a number of ways. For example, the heating operation could be more intense at the onset and gradually taper off until it ceases. Alternatively, the heating intensity could remain constant during the period in which heating is active. Additionally, the heating profile may be dependent on the specific material being processed. For certain materials, heating may not be required, while for others, which are more challenging to melt solely through superimposed rotational and revolutionary movements, heating may be beneficial. The heating profile can be integrated into the operational parameters database 22. Accordingly, when the operating parameters are retrieved from the database, as illustrated at step 52, the corresponding heating profile is also retrieved and implemented at step 62.

[0131] At step 64, the temperature of the material within the basket is measured. At step 66, the active heating is terminated based on the determination that the temperature reached, as assessed according to the heating profile, no longer necessitates the application of additional heat. At this juncture, the heating is interrupted, and only the superimposed rotational and revolutionary movements continue to act upon the material.

[0132] Step 68 involves a conditional comparison wherein the measured temperature of the material is compared to the predefined maximum temperature threshold for the melt. If the comparison at step 68 indicates that the maximum temperature has been reached or is nearing this threshold, the dynamic temperature control system executes a corrective action at step 70. The corrective action may involve adjusting the operational parameters of the planetary mixer to prevent the material’s temperature from exceeding the maximum allowable limit. Such adjustments may include reducing the rotational or revolutionary speed, decreasing or interrupting the cycle time, or activating a cooling system. The cooling systemmay involve the injection of a cooling fluid intothe machineto lowerthe ambient temperature and thereby prevent a temperature spike. The cooling fluid could be cold air or another fluid more appropriate for the material being processed.

[0133] If the result of the comparison at step 68 indicates that the temperature remains below the maximum threshold, the process continues to comparison step 72, which checks whether the cycle is complete. If the cycle is not complete, the process reverts to step 64. Steps 64 through 72 thus form a continuous execution loop until the cycle is finalized.

[0134] Figures 9 to 15 depict the internal construction of an exemplary planetary mixer, including various systems and modifications for temperature management. Referring specifically to Figure 9, the fundamental components of a planetary mixer are illustrated, comprising a generally rectangular casing (74), although it is understood that alternative shapes and configurations may be employed. Positioned within the casing is a main rotor (76), which is operatively associated with a drive system (not shown) configured to rotate the rotor about an axisthat, in the illustrated embodiment, is perpendiculartothe plane ofthe drawing sheet. The rotor (76) is designed to rotate in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, with the direction of rotation being selectable by the user.

[0135] The main rotor (76) is further configured to support a basket (78), which is adapted to receive materials to be processed by the planetary mixer. The basket (78) may be dimensioned variably, depending on the desired processing capacity of the planetary mixer. The basket (78) is designed with an open top to facilitate the reception of materials, which typically are held in a jar. In a typical configuration, the materials are first placed into a jar or container, which is then positioned within the basket (78) to prevent direct contact between the processed materials and the internal walls of the basket. It is advantageous for the container and the basket (78) to include interlocking features to prevent relative angular movement between the two components, thereby avoiding unintended rotation of the container within the basket when the basket is rotated.

[0136] The basket (78) may be fabricated from metallic material to ensure durability, although other materials may be employed as appropriate. As depicted in the cross-sectional view of Figure 10, the basket (78) rotates about an axis (86) that is inclined, forming an angleof less than 90 degrees with the horizontal plane. The specific inclination angle of the basket (78) may be adjusted according to the intended application of the planetary mixer.

[0137] Figure 10 further illustrates the rotation axis (84) of the main rotor (76). Notably, the axes (84 and 86) converge toward each other, forming an angle of less than 90 degrees between them.

[0138] In operation, the main rotor is rotated, either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, thereby causing the basket (78) to revolve around the axis (84). Simultaneously, the basket (78) is rotated about the axis (86), subjecting the material within the basket (76) to a combination of superposed revolution and rotational movements.

[0139] As previously discussed, the planetary mixer is equipped with a temperature management functionality implemented by the temperature regulation unit (18). The temperature regulation unit (18) is configured to heat the material within the basket (78) and, optionally, to cool the material as well. Additionally, the planetary mixer is provided with a temperature sensor as part of the sensors group (20) for measuring the temperature within the basket (78), enabling dynamic temperature regulation via the temperature regulation unit (18).

[0140] The temperature regulation unit (18) may be implemented in various configurations. A first implementation is schematically illustrated in Figure 9, wherein an external heating / cooling module (82) heats a fluid that is delivered into the casing (74) via a conduit (80). The heating fluid is preferably hot air, though other fluids may be utilized without departing from the scope of the invention. The heating / cooling module (82) comprises a heating element, such as a resistive heating element, and a fan to draw external air, pass it in contact with the resistive heating element to elevate the air temperature, and subsequently deliver hot air into the casing (74). As the main rotor (76) of the planetary mixer rotates, it facilitates the uniform distribution of the injected hot air within the casing (74), thereby heating the basket (78) and the material within by convection.

[0141] It is noteworthy that temperature regulation via hot air injection can yield satisfactory results; however, this method is subject to limitations regarding the maximum achievable temperature. Since the flow of hot air heats the entire planetary mixer, excessively high temperatures could damage machine components, thus limiting the maximum temperature that can be safely used.

[0142] The heating / cooling module (82) also includes a cooling source for injecting cool air via the conduit (80). During operation, the heating / cooling module (82) is managed by the temperature regulation unit (18), which generates control signals for the heating element, cooling source, and optionally the fan, to regulate air circulation. The control signals output by the temperature regulation logic adjust the temperature of the heating element, the intensity of the cooling source, and the speed of the fan, thereby achieving the desired temperature regulation.

[0143] Figure 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the heating functionality. In this embodiment, a cooling function is not included; however, the configuration shown in Figure 11 may be combined with the configuration of Figure 9, wherein the module (82) provides only cooling.

[0144] Figure 11 presents a high-level depiction of the drive assembly for the basket (78). It should be noted that this depiction is conceptual, with certain components omitted for the sake of clarity. Specifically, the main rotor (76) has been excluded to avoid unnecessary complexity in the illustration.

[0145] The basket (78) is mounted on a rotary shaft (92) that extends along the rotation axis (86). During operation, the rotary shaft (92) rotates about the axis (86), imparting rotary motion to the basket (78). A drive arrangement, not shown, is employed to transmit rotary motion to the shaft (92) and, consequently, to the basket (78). This drive arrangement may include an electric motor coupled to the shaft (92) either directly orthrough a system of gears. Alternatively, the drive arrangement may comprise mechanical power transmission components, such as drive belts that transmit motion to the shaft (92) via a pulley or similar mechanism. The rotary shaft (92) is supported by bearings (88), which ensure proper alignment of the rotary shaft (92) while allowing it to rotate about the axis (86).

[0146] A resistive heating element (not shown) is affixed to the basket (78). This resistive heating element may consist of a resistive wire designed for electrical conduction, wound around the exterior surface of the basket (78). It is also possible to position the resistive wire within the basket (78), although this may be impractical due to potential exposure of the wire to the materials being processed. Preferably, the resistive heating element is located outside the internal volume of the basket (78) where the materials are placed, while being thermally coupled to the basket (78) so that the heat generated by the resistive heating element effectively heats the walls of the basket (78) and the materials contained therein.

[0147] Electrical power is supplied to the resistive heating element via a rotary coupling (90). The rotary coupling (90), also known as a slip ring or rotary electrical interface, facilitates the transfer of electrical power and / or signals to the rotary shaft (92). It comprises a series of conductive rings and brushes or contacts that maintain continuous electrical connections as the components rotate relative to each other.

[0148] In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 11, the rotary coupling (90) includes a single slip ring. This slip ring is electrically connected to one terminal of the resistive heating element, while the other terminal is grounded to the rotary shaft (92). It is understood that the slip ring is electrically insulated from the rotary shaft (92). Consequently, the electrical power flow loop includes the rotary shaft (92), which serves as part of the system ground. In an alternative embodiment, the rotary coupling (90) may include multiple slip rings. For example, there may be a slip ring for each terminal of the resistive heating element, which can be advantageous in cases where it is undesirable to include the rotary shaft (92) in the electrical power flow loop. Additional slip rings may also be provided for signal transmission, in addition to those for power. For instance, a temperature sensor (not shown) may be mounted within the basket (78) to measure the temperature of the materials being processed. The output of this sensor can be transmitted to the temperature regulation unit (18) via the rotary coupling (90). The rotary coupling (90) would, therefore, require a slip ring for each signal line. For a resistive-type temperature sensor, where the resistance of the sensor varies with temperature, two signal lines are needed, necessitating two signal slip rings on the rotary coupling (90).

[0149] This configuration is conceptually illustrated in Figure 11, showing the rotary coupling (90) with the temperature sensor output.

[0150] It should be noted that the rotary coupling (90) is a mechanical component susceptible to wearovertime, particularly the slip rings and the resilient fingers that engage the slip rings, which may degrade and fail to adequately transmit electrical power and / or signals. If avoiding the use of the rotary coupling (90) is desired, the arrangement depicted in Figure 12 provides an alternative, utilizing a contactless inductive coupling for power transmission. In the embodiment shown in Figure 12, an induction coil (98) is provided, separated by a gap from a receiver element (96). The induction coil (98) remains stationary relative to the receiver element (96), which is mounted on the rotary shaft (92) and rotates in unison with it. It is preferable to minimize the gap between the induction coil (98) and the receiver element (96) to maximize the inductive coupling efficiency.

[0151] The receiver element (96) is composed of a conductive material such that, in the presence of an alternating electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil (98), eddy currents are induced, which, in turn, heat the receiver element (96) through l2R losses, where I represents the intensity of the eddy currents and R denotes the resistivity of the conductive material. The degree of heating of the receiver element (96) is typically a function of the intensity of the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil (98). Since the intensity of the electromagnetic field can be modulated, the degree of heating of the receiver element (96) can be regulated by the temperature regulation unit (18) through modulation of the electromagnetic field.

[0152] In the arrangement shown in Figure 12, the receiver element (96) is positioned remotely from the basket (78); however, the receiver element (96) is thermally coupled to the basket (78) via the rotary shaft (92). The rotary shaft (92) is constructed from a thermally conductive material to facilitate heat transfer from the receiver element (96) to the basket (78). In one construction, the basket (78), rotary shaft (92), and receiver element (96) are machined as a single piece from a conductive material such as steel. This construction provides the most efficient heat transfer path; however, machining all components from a single steel billet can be costly. Alternatively, these three components can be manufacturedseparately and assembled into a single unit, with the joints between individual components designed to minimize resistance to heat transfer.

[0153] In a potential variant, not shown in the figures, the induction coil could be relocated closer to the basket (78) to heat the basket (78) directly, thereby eliminating the need to use the rotary shaft (92) as an intermediary. For example, the induction coil could be positioned between the bearing (88) and the basket (78). In this configuration, the induction coil is shaped as an annulus with a central aperture to accommodate the rotary shaft (92). Similar to the induction coil (98), the annulus-shaped induction coil remains stationary relative to the basket (78), meaning that as the basket (78) rotates on the main rotor, the induction coil remains stationary. In this configuration, the induction coil defines a gap with the bottom wall of the basket (78) and heats the bottom wall, assuming the basket (78) is made of conductive material. In another possible variant (not shown), the induction coil could be cup-shaped and concentric with the sidewalls of the basket (78). In this arrangement, the induction coil windings are spirally wound around the exterior of the basket (78) and housed within a cupshaped support made of plastic material, which serves as a structure to maintain the windings in position at the proper distance from the sidewall of the basket (78). The plastic material encapsulating the windings is selected to avoid interference with the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil.

[0154] The method of heating using an induction coil to heat the basket (78), as discussed in the preceding examples, provides indirect heating of the basket's contents. In other words, the temperature of the basket (78) is elevated, and through thermal conduction resulting from direct contact of the jar / container with the inner walls of the basket (78), the contents of the jar / container are also heated. This process is enhanced by the superposed revolution and rotation movements, which continuously distribute the contents of the jar / container, thereby facilitating more efficient heat transfer from the basket (78) to its contents.

[0155] Nevertheless, this approach can produce a temperature gradient within the basket (78), where the temperature is highest at the interface between the basket wall and the jar / container, gradually decreasing with increasing distance from the interface. For certain temperature-sensitive materials, this approach may not be ideal, and a more uniform temperature distribution may be preferable.

[0156] To achieve more uniform heating, a possible solution is to incorporate conductive particles within the material being processed, which are distributed throughout the material and can couple with the induction coil to heat the material at multiple locations within its volume simultaneously. The particles selected should be conductive. In this scenario, the basket (78) is preferably made of a non-conductive material that does not interfere with the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil.

[0157] The embodiments described in Figures 11 and 12, along with the associated variants, discussthe heat generation arrangement on the main rotor (76). It should be understood that in all these examples, a power supply connection from the machine frame to the main rotor (76) will also be necessary to supply electrical power for heating purposes. Since the main rotor (76) rotates relative to the machine frame, the power supply arrangement must accommodate this rotary motion. One example could be a rotary connection designed to handle the rotational speeds of the main rotor (76). Given that the speed of the main rotor (76) is generally not expected to exceed 3000 RPM for most applications, a rotary connection capable of handling rotational speeds upto this value should be satisfactory. Additionally, the rotary connection could be configured to provide electrical power with or without data communication capability. Data communication is advantageous as it offers a convenient pathway for transmitting data from sensors mounted on the main rotor (76), such as one or more temperature sensors.

[0158] Figure 13 illustrates another embodiment of a heating arrangement utilizing induction heating, which eliminates the need for an electrical power supply to the main rotor (76). In this embodiment, the induction coils are stationary relative to the main rotor (76), simplifying the power supply configuration by obviating the need for a rotary connection. Specifically, Figure 13 is a top plan view of the planetary mixer, with the casing omitted for clarity. The main rotor (76) and the basket (78) are shown, along with induction coils (100) arranged around the periphery of the main rotor (76). These induction coils (100) are mounted either directly or indirectly to the planetary mixer casing, rendering them stationary relative to both the main rotor (76) and the basket (78).

[0159] In operation, as the basket (78) rotates with the main rotor (76), it passes by each stationary induction coil (100). When the basket (78) is within the angular range of aninduction coil (100), the electromagnetic field generated by the coil induces eddy currents in the material of the basket (78). Consequently, the basket (78) experiences a heating impulse each time it aligns with an induction coil (100). The duration of each heating impulse corresponds to the time required for the basket to traverse the angular range within which the induction coil (100) generates its electromagnetic field. The rotational speed of the main rotor (76) directly influences the duration of the heating impulse, as it determines how long the basket (78) remains within the electromagnetic field of the coil.

[0160] The angular extent of the induction coil (100), which can be conceptually approximated as the sector of a circle bounded by two radii originating from the axis of rotation of the main rotor (76), also affects the duration of the heating pulse; a larger sector results in a longer heating pulse.

[0161] In the configuration shown in Figure 13, the windings of the induction coil (100) lie generally in the plane of the coil as depicted. The orientation of the electromagnetic field is along the imaginary axis (102) indicated by the dotted line.

[0162] The frequency of the induction pulses, orthe number of pulses per unit time, depends on two primary factors: the rotational speed of the main rotor (76) and the number of induction coils (100) placed around the main rotor. In the arrangement shown in Figure 13, four induction coils (100) are provided, though it is understood that more or fewer coils could be employed. In this example, the basket (78) receives four heating impulses during a single revolution, which raises the temperature of the basket and, consequently, the materials being processed within it. It is noteworthy that as the basket (78) rotates, different portions of its sidewall are exposed to the respective induction coils (100). Thus, the combination of revolution and rotation movements ensures that heat impulses are applied to different sections of the sidewall, promoting more uniform heating throughout the entire basket (78).

[0163] In one implementation, the electromagnetic fields generated by the induction coils (100) are continuously maintained, and as the main rotor (76) turns, the basket (78) repeatedly sweeps through the electromagnetic fields, creating a series of heating impulses. As the basket (78) enters the zone of influence of an electromagnetic field, it couples with the induction coil (100), inducing eddy currents in the area of the basket's sidewall facing the coil.These eddy currents generate heat via the l2R effect, raising the temperature of the basket's sidewall. As the basket (78) exits the electromagnetic field's zone of influence, the eddy currents gradually dissipate and cease when the basket (78) is positioned between induction coils (100). This process repeats each time the basket (78) aligns with an induction coil (100).

[0164] However, maintaining the electromagnetic fields continuously during the rotation of the main rotor (76) may not be desirable due to energy consumption concerns and the potential for electromagnetic interference with other components of the planetary mixer. Therefore, it may be preferable to optimize the operation of the heating arrangement by reducing the duration of the electromagnetic fields.

[0165] One approach is to trigger each electromagnetic field only when the basket (78) is in alignment with the corresponding induction coil (100). In this manner, the electromagnetic fields are successively activated, producing a rotating electromagnetic field arrangement that fires four times per rotation of the main rotor (76) while tracking the basket (78). This arrangement can be implemented using an encoder mechanism on the main rotor (76) to provide angular position information about the basket (78).

[0166] The encoder mechanism is part of the sensors group (20) depicted in Figure 1, with its output supplied to the processing unit (14) and the temperature regulation unit (18). The encoder mechanism may be mounted on the rotation shaft of the main rotor (76) or any other suitable location where it can generate an output indicative of the angular position of the basket (78) relative to the axis of rotation of the main rotor (76). The temperature regulation unit (18) responds to the encoder output, activating the induction coils (100) sequentially as the encoder mechanism indicates that the basket (78) is in alignment with each coil. Specifically, as the encoder output shows that the basket (78) is within or near the zone of influence of an induction coil (100), the temperature regulation unit (18) triggers that coil to generate an electromagnetic field and produce a heating impulse in the basket's sidewall. The electromagnetic field is maintained as long as the encoder mechanism indicates that the basket (78) remains within the field's zone of influence. Once the basket (78) moves out of the zone of influence, the temperature regulation unit (18) deactivates the induction coil (100). This process is repeated for the next induction coil (100) in line with the direction of rotation of the main rotor (76), whether clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0167] In planetary mixers where the direction of rotation of the main rotor (76) can be selected by the user or is otherwise variable, the temperature regulation unit (18) also receives an input signal indicating the direction of rotation to determine the sequence in which the induction coils (100) will be activated or deactivated.

[0168] The intensity of the heat impulse is contingent upon the intensity of the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coils (100). To regulate the temperature of the materials within the basket (78), the temperature regulation unit (18) is configured to dynamically vary the intensity of the current supplied tothe induction coil (100). For instance, the temperature regulation unit (18) responds to input from a temperature sensor, which is part of the sensors group (20), by adjusting the alternating current through the windings of the induction coil (100). This adjustment can increase the current intensity, thereby amplifying the heat impulse, or decrease the current intensity, thereby reducing the heat impulse.

[0169] Another parameter that can be utilized to control heating is the frequency of the electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic fields with higher frequencies tend to induce eddy currents concentrated at the surface of the basket (78), whereas lower frequencies cause the eddy currents to penetrate deeper into the material of the basket's side or bottom wall.

[0170] The aforementioned description of the heating arrangement applies to heating the materials while the planetary mixer is in operation, thus facilitating the dispersion / mixing of the materials in conjunction with heat application. Another approach involves providing a heating arrangement that delivers an initial heat input to the materials before they are subjected to superimposed rotation and revolution movements. In one specific example, heat is applied while the basket remains stationary, meaning the main rotor (76) is not in operation. Once the heat input is complete, the main rotor (76) is activated, and the heated materials are subjected to the superimposed rotation and revolution movements. During the heat input phase, the basket (78) can either be stationary, with both the main rotor (76) and the basket (78) at rest, or the basket (78) can be rotated while the main rotor (76) remains stationary.

[0171] One possible implementation of this arrangement involves equipping the planetary mixer with a heating station capable of generating the heat input while the main rotor (76) is stationary. For example, the heating station could be realized using one of the induction coils (100) shown in Figure 13. When the basket (78) is positioned adjacent to the induction coil (100), i.e., at the heating station, the electromagnetic field is activated to provide the necessary heat input. Alternative methods for implementing the heating station include using an infrared light source focused on the basket (78) or a resistive heating element that heats the basket (78) by convection.

[0172] To accurately position the basket (78) at the heating station, the drive system of the main rotor (76) is equipped with the capability to position the basket (78) at a predetermined angular location. This can be accomplished by employing a servo motor or a stepper motorto drive the main rotor (76), as both types of motors can accept commands specifying the rotor's angular position. In this arrangement, when the temperature regulation unit (18) receives a command to generate a heat input— such as for pre-heating the materials prior to a mixing operation— it first instructs the drive motor of the main rotor (76) to position the basket (78) at the angular position corresponding to the heating station. Once the basket (78) is correctly positioned, the heating element is activated for the desired duration to pre-heat the materials within the basket (78). During the pre-heating process, the basket (78) can either remain stationary or rotate about its axis (86). Afterthe pre-heating operation is completed, the main rotor (76) can be activated to subject the materials to superimposed revolution and rotation movements.

[0173] As previously noted, the temperature regulation unit (18) receives input regarding the temperature of the materials within the basket (78) to ensure propertemperature regulation and to prevent overheating, which could damage temperature-sensitive materials. Since heat influx into the processed materials can originate from two sources— (1) the external heating arrangement and (2) the temperature increase within the material resulting from the superimposed rotation and revolution movements— the temperature regulation unit (18) is preferably configured to manage both sources, thereby enabling dynamic regulation of the material temperature. To achieve this level of control, the temperature regulation unit (18)receives data on the internal temperature of the basket (78). Several options are available for implementing temperature sensing within the planetary mixer.

[0174] One possible implementation, as previously discussed, involves the use of a thermocouple, which is a resistive element whose electrical resistance varies with temperature. By measuring the resistance of the thermocouple, the corresponding temperature can be determined. The thermocouple can be mounted directly to the basket (78), thereby enabling direct measurement of the basket's temperature at the mounting location. Since the temperature of the materials within the basket (78) and the temperature of the basket walls are typically equivalent or nearly so, the temperature reported by the thermocouple can be considered indicative of the material temperature. In this implementation, the output from the thermocouple can be transmitted via the rotary coupling (90) to the input interface of the processing unit (14) and the temperature regulation unit (18). At the interface, the analog input signal is digitized to enable processing by the processing unit (14) and / or the temperature regulation unit (18).

[0175] An alternative approach utilizes a wireless sensing probe that communicates wirelessly with the processing unit (14) and the temperature regulation unit (18). This wireless probe is self-powered by an internal battery, eliminating the need for an external power source. The probe can communicate with the processing unit (14) and temperature regulation unit (18) using any commercially available protocol, such as Bluetooth. In a typical application, the probe is mounted to the basket (78) such that its sensing tip is in direct contact with the materials being processed, providing a direct measurement of the material temperature. Such probes are commercially available and are often used for measuring the temperature of food preparations within ovens. They are designed to withstand the G-forces generated during the operation of the planetary mixer. The wireless sensing probe typically has an elongated shape, resembling a stylus, and can be secured in an aperture on the lid of the jar placed within the basket (78), where the materials being processed are contained.

[0176] Another possibility involves a temperature sensing arrangement that is wirelessly powered and communicates data wirelessly with a reader. In this example, the temperature sensing arrangement includes a receiver coil that, when exposed to an alternating electromagnetic field, converts this field into voltage to power the temperature sensingcircuit. The power exchange between the reader and the receiver coil is also modulated to facilitate data communication. In this configuration, the receiver coil can be mounted on the component (96), while the reader is mounted on the component (98).

[0177] Yet another approach employs infrared sensing to measure the temperature of the basket (78) in a contactless manner. This approach is conceptually illustrated in Figure 15. The temperature sensor (104) is an optical sensing device that defines a Field of View (FOV). Infrared radiation within the FOV is converted into a signal indicative of temperature. The temperature sensor (104) is positioned adjacent to the basket (78), and as the basket (78) rotates on the main rotor (76), it passes in proximity to the sensor (104). The infrared radiation emitted by the basket (78) enters the FOV of the sensor (104), allowing the temperature of the basket (78) to be measured. It is preferable to synchronize the sensor (104)'s measurement with the position of the basket (78), ensuring that temperature is measured only when the basket (78) is within the FOV. This synchronization can be achieved using the previously discussed encoder mechanism, which reports the angular position of the basket (78). When the basket (78) is within the FOV, the temperature regulation unit (18) reads the output of the sensor (104) and disregards measurements when the basket (78) is at a different angular position.

[0178] Figures 16 to 19 illustrate another embodiment in which temperature sensing is facilitated by an adapter designed to fit into the planetary mixer basket. This adapter accommodates a container smaller in size, in one or more dimensions, than the mixer basket. Typically, the container has a cross-sectional dimension smaller than that of the basket. In pharmaceutical compounding or similar applications, the adapter ensures the container is securely held in place, preventing rotational slippage and enabling effective mixing.

[0179] The adapter, which may include a closeable shell, surrounds and compressesthe outer surface of the container to lock it securely. This design has the benefit that the adapter and container move in unison with the basket, undergoing simultaneous revolution and rotation. Such movement improves the homogeneity and consistency of mixing, minimizing air introduction and contamination risks. Additionally, the adapter may feature projections orstriations that engage with corresponding elements on the container, further enhancing antislip functionality and maintaining alignment during operation. US patent 11,612,866 issued to Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc., provides several examples of adapters for planetary mixers. The contents of this reference are incorporated herein by reference.

[0180] Figure 18 provides a perspective view of a container, identified by reference numeral 127, designed for use in a planetary mixer and mounted within the mixer basket via an adapter. This container, referred to as a dispensing container, can dispense the mixture created in the mixer. Dispensing is achieved through a metering mechanism, which delivers measured amounts of the mixture upon user operation. The metering mechanism can take the form of a pump, where user-applied pressure on an actuator dispenses a predetermined volume through a nozzle. Alternatively, as detailed in Figure 19, the mechanism may be piston-based. In this design, piston movement within the dispensing container's chamber expels a specific quantity of the mixture through the nozzle. The piston's axial travel is controlled by turning a ring at the container's base, with the angular movement imparted to the ring determining the amount of material discharged through the nozzle.

[0181] Referring again to Figure 18, the dispensing container 127 features a generally cylindrical body, labeled 122, defining an internal hollow chamber for mixing ingredients. After mixing, the prepared mixture is dispensed from this chamber using the metering mechanism. The container body also includes a light-transmissive window, enabling visual monitoring of the chamber's fill level. This window can also be used, in certain cases, to measure the temperature of the chamber's contents using an infrared (IR) sensor.

[0182] The size and design of the light-transmissive window can vary. In the example shown, the window is a narrow strip extending lengthwise along the container body 122, suitable for visual inspection of the fill level. For applications requiring both visual and IR transmission, the window can be widened to align with an IR sensor more effectively, as it will be discussed later. Alternatively, as depicted in Figure 19, the entire sidewall of the container body 122 can be made of a light-transmissive material, providing enhanced functionality for visual and temperature monitoring.

[0183] The container 127 has a snap-fit lid 123 with the body 122. The metering mechanism, not shown in the drawings, is placed atop the body and concealed by the lid 123. To use, the lid 123 is removed to access and operate the metering mechanism, allowing discharge of the desired material volume from the nozzle.

[0184] Figures 16 and 17 depict the container adapter 200, which functions to stabilize the container within the planetary mixer basket while simultaneously measuring its temperature and contents. The adapter is engineered for compatibility with container 127. It is recognized that should the dimensions and / or configuration of container 127 undergo substantial alterations, the adapter will require corresponding reconfiguration. Figure 16 illustrates the adapter 200 securely engaging container 127. In this configuration, the adapter-container assembly is suitable for insertion into the planetary mixer basket for execution of mixing operations.

[0185] The adapter 200 has a multi-shell configuration. This arrangement typically is comprised of at least two mating shell components 202, 204 that form a closeable shell. When the components 202, 204 are in a mating relationship, they define an inner region that compresses part of the container's 127 outer surface to prevent rotational slippage. The shell components 202, 204 may include projections 129 that apply radial pressure to the container 127, slightly deforming it to enhance grip and prevent slippage.

[0186] Additionally, the adapter 200 includes a circumferential rib 206 with notches 208 that engage with corresponding projections on the basket's surface (the projections are not shown), locking the adapter rotationally relative to the basket. This ensures that the adapter 200 and the container 127 move in tandem with the basket, improving the homogeneity and predictability of the mixing process. The shell components may also be hinged, allowing them to open and close while remaining partially connected, facilitating easy insertion and removal of the container 127.

[0187] The adapter 200 features a temperature sensing arrangement 300 designed to measure the temperature of the contents within container 127. As previously discussed, monitoring and tracking the temperature of certain temperature-sensitive materials is important. While some planetary mixers could be designed with integrated temperaturesensing capabilities, several examples of which were discussed previously, this adapter solution offers an efficient way to enhance the functionality of machines lacking such built-in features by providing temperature sensing functions.

[0188] The placement of the temperature sensing arrangement 300 of the adapter 200 is such that it establishes a temperature sensing relationship with the container 127. For example, the temperature sensing arrangement 300 can use a contact sensor, which is in physical contact with the surface of the container 127 when the container is placed in the adapter 200, to measure the temperature at the surface of the container. This contact sensor can be a thermocouple or equivalent. This sensor configuration thus senses the temperature of the outside surface of the container 127, preferably the side surface of the container, which is comparatively th in, which for most applicationscan be approximated to be the temperature of the contents of the container 127.

[0189] The temperature sensing arrangement 300 can be mounted to reside at least in part between the container 127 and the wall of the basket of the planetary mixer. For example, the circumferential rib 206 of the adapter 200, as shown in Figure 17 defines an internal annular cavity 208 in which the circuitry of the temperature sensing arrangement 300 can be conveniently mounted. In this example of implementation, the temperature sensing arrangement is in the form of an annular structure 302 which fits into the cavity 208. The annular structure 302 can be segmented in two halves, each associated with a respective mating shell component 202, 204. Practically, since there is a need to separate the shell components 202, 204 to insert and remove the container 127, the circuitry of the temperature sensing arrangement 300 can be integrated into a single half of the annular structure, which is the active portion, while the other half is designed as a passive counterweight, namely having an identical weight of the active portion. In this way there is no need to provide electrical connections between the halves of the annular structure.

[0190] The active portion of the annular structure comprises an integrated temperature sensor, a power source, and an output configured to transmit temperature data to a receiver. The output may be implemented as a wired configuration; however, in a preferred embodiment, the output is configured as a wireless communication arrangement for enhanced practicality and convenience.

[0191] The wireless communication setup can use protocols like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or others.

[0192] In the embodiment where the temperature sensor used is of the contact type, the sensor is placed on the active portion of the annular structure such that it comes in contact with the outside surface of side wall of the container 127 when the mating shell components 202, 204 are closed. A tight contact is preferred to ensure there is efficient thermal transfer from the surface of the container 127 to the contact sensor. It is possible to mount the contact sensor to a resilient structure which is deformed when the container 127 is placed into the adapter 200 and the mating shell components 202, 204 are closed. The resilient structure thus urges the sensor into firmer contact with the outer surface of the container 127.

[0193] In a possible variant, described later in relation to Figures 21 and 22, the temperature sensing arrangement can be mounted at the bottom of the adapter 200, such that it is in contact with the bottom wall of the container 127. For example, the temperature sensing arrangement can be configured as a disk which sits above the lip 120 shown in Figure 17 and the bottom wall of the container 127. In this arrangement, the contact sensor would be on top of the disk and it would be in direct contact with the bottom container surface and reads the temperature of the contents via this bottom surface. This embodiment would work in a satisfactory fashion for container configurations such as the container 127, where the bottom wall of the container 127 is relatively thin, but would not be optimal for container configurations where the bottom of the container has a more substantial structure that would block or impede thermal transfer. For example, the container configuration shown at Figure 19, where the bottom of the container contains a portion of the metering mechanism, in particular the rotatable ring for displacing the internal piston, is an example of an arrangement where it is preferred to read the temperature via the side wall of the container.

[0194] In another embodiment, an Infra-Red (IR) sensor is used to measure temperature without direct contact. The IR sensor detects temperature from the container's emissions, making it advantageous when reliable contact with the container surface is not possible during planetary mixer operation.

[0195] For containers incorporating a transparent or translucent region functioning as a light- transmissive window, the IR radiation received by the sensor comprises two distinct components: (1) IR radiation emitted by the container wall itself and (2) IR radiation transmitted through the light-transmissive window. The influence of these IR radiation components on temperature measurement can be managed through the selection of the material used for the container and the specific I R wavelength within the IR spectrum to which the sensor is configured to respond.

[0196] To enhance the accuracy of temperature measurement, it is advantageous to prioritize the detection of the IR component passing through the light-transmissive window, as this component provides a more accurate representation of the temperature of the mixed contents within the container. Accordingly, the IR sensor is preferably configured or tuned to be responsive to frequencies within the IR spectrum at which the light-transmissive window exhibits optimal transparency to IR radiation.

[0197] Additionally, the material of the light-transmissive window may be selected to optimize IR radiation transmission at specific IR wavelengths or ranges of wavelengths. The IR sensor is correspondingly tuned to detect those wavelengths, ensuring compatibility between the sensor's responsiveness and the transmission properties of the window material, thereby improving the overall precision of temperature measurement.

[0198] In this configuration, it is further preferred to position the container (e.g., container 127) within the adapter (e.g., adapter 200) such that the light-transmissive window registers with the IR sensor. To facilitate proper alignment, an alignment indicator or mark may be provided on the adapter, enabling the user to correctly orient the container such that the light-transmissive window registers with the IR sensor for accurate temperature measurement. For containers that are entirely made of light-transmissive material, such as the container shown in Figure 19, no particular angular positioning of the container in the adapter is necessary.

[0199] In an alternative embodiment, to achieve enhanced precision in temperature measurement, a plurality of IR sensors may be positioned to face the side wall of the container. The outputs from these IR sensors are processed by signal processing circuitryconfigured to average or otherwise aggregate the respective sensor outputs. This aggregated signal is representative of the temperature within the container, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the temperature measurement.

[0200] Figure 20 shows a block diagram of the temperature sensing arrangement using IR sensors. A surface measurement setup would be similar, but with contact sensors instead of IR sensors.

[0201] The IR temperature sensors are denoted as element 400. The outputs of the IR temperature sensors are operatively connected to respective inputs of a digital processor 402, configured to perform functions such as signal digitization, averaging or aggregation, and computation of a derived temperature value. The output of the digital processor 402, representing the calculated temperature value, is transmitted to a transmitter 404. The transmitter 404 includes transmission circuitry and an antenna to facilitate wireless communication of the temperature value to a receiver 410. The wireless communication may utilize any suitable protocol, including but not limited to Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other compatible protocols.

[0202] The receiver 410 comprises a receiver circuit 412, which processes the received temperature signal and conveys it to a processor 414. The processor 414 is configured to drive a temperature display or a logging arrangement, such as a memory device, to enable recording and tracking of temperature evolution over time. The receiver 410 may be implemented as a standalone device or integrated into the planetary mixer, for example, by coupling it to the processing unit 14.

[0203] The temperature sensing arrangement is powered by a power source, such as a battery 40, which may be replaceable or rechargeable. Optionally, the system may include an accelerometer 406, configured to detect centrifugal forces generated during the operation of the planetary mixer. The accelerometer 406 can be utilized to automatically trigger the temperature sensing functionality when the mixer is operational and to deactivate the temperature sensing arrangement when the mixing operation is complete.

[0204] Figures 21 and 22 illustrate possible variants of the temperature sensing arrangement, briefly introduced earlier. In those examples, the temperature sensing arrangement isconfigured to sense the temperature through the bottom of the dispensing container, it being understood that the bottom of the dispensing container is configured to be able to establish a temperature sensing relationship with the sensor of the temperature sensing arrangement. In Figures 21 and 22 the temperature sensing arrangement is denoted as 500. The temperature sensing arrangement is a disk-shaped structure and includes all the necessary components illustrated in Figure 20, namely the sensor (s), processor, transmitter, power source and optionally the accelerometer. The temperature sensor is denoted as 502 and can be of the contact type or contactless, such as an IR sensor. The temperature sensing arrangement is configured to be positioned beneath the dispensing container in a temperature sensing relationship with the container. In one example, the dimensions of the temperature sensing arrangement 500 are such that the disk-shaped structure fits within the adapter 200, resting on top of the lip 120. In this example, the temperature sensing arrangement 500 is placed in the adapter, sitting on top of the lip 120 and the dispensing container 127 is positioned in the adapter above the temperature sensing arrangement 500.

[0205] In yet another embodiment, illustrated in Figures 23 and 24, the temperature sensing arrangement is configured to interact with the adapter 200. However, in contrast to the configuration depicted in Figures 21 and 22, the temperature sensing arrangement 600 is positioned externally to the adapter 200. Specifically, the temperature sensing arrangement 600 is situated at the bottom of the basket of the planetary mixer, with the adapter 200, containing the container 127, placed on top of the temperature sensing arrangement 600.

[0206] The sensor component of the temperature sensing arrangement 600, designated as element 602, may be of either a contact-type or a contactless-type configuration. Additionally, the temperature sensing arrangement 600 includes a disk-shaped projection designed to engage with the bottom aperture of the adapter 200, which is defined by the internal edge of the lip 120. This configuration facilitates the concentric alignment of the temperature sensing arrangement 600 relative to the adapter 200, ensuring that the adapter 200 and the temperature sensing arrangement 600 are in close physical association when positioned together within the basket of the planetary mixer.

[0207] Figure 25 depicts an alternate embodiment of the disclosed invention, wherein a temperature sensing arrangement (referred to as element 700) is configured to operatewithout the use of an adapter and is instead directly associated with a container designed for mixing ingredients. In this embodiment, the container 704 is positioned within the basket 702 of a planetary mixer. Notably, the container 704 is generally larger in transverse dimension compared to the previously discussed container 127 and may or may not belong to the category of dispensing containers.

[0208] The increased transverse dimension of container 704 enables it to securely and stably fit within the basket 702 without requiring the use of an adapter. For this embodiment, container 704 is equipped with a lid 706, which may be a screw-on type lid to facilitate access to the interior of the container for purposes such as filling, mixing, or cleaning.

[0209] The temperature sensing arrangement 700 is specifically dimensioned and configured to reside at the bottom of the basket 702, beneath the container 704. The transverse dimension of the temperature sensing arrangement 700 is intentionally designed to be slightly smaller than the internal transverse dimension of the basket 702. This sizing ensures that the temperature sensing arrangement 700 can be easily placed within the basket while leaving a minimal peripheral gap between its edge and the inner wall of the basket. This design consideration minimizes or eliminates any undesirable effects such as rattling or imbalance during operation of the planetary mixer.

[0210] During use, the temperature sensing arrangement 700 is inserted into the basket 702 such that it rests securely at the bottom. Subsequently, the container 704, containing the ingredients to be mixed, is placed directly on top of the temperature sensing arrangement.

[0211] This configuration establishes a direct thermal interface between the temperature sensing arrangement 700 and the bottom wall of the container 704. Through this interface, the temperature sensing arrangement 700 is capable of monitoring or controlling the temperature of the ingredients within the container 704, thereby enhancing the functionality and operational capability of the planetary mixer in various applications.

Claims

Claims:

1. A bladeless planetary mixer comprising a basket for receiving a material to be processed by the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer is configured to subject the material to superimposed rotation and revolution movements, the bladeless planetary mixer comprising a temperature regulation arrangement configured to regulate a temperature of the material.

2. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 1, wherein the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature of the material while the material is subjected to the superimposed rotation and revolution movements.

3. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 2, wherein the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature of the material while the material is subjected to superimposed rotation and revolution movements such as to prevent the temperature of the material to exceed a threshold.

4. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 2, wherein the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature by varying either one or both superimposed rotation and revolution movements.

5. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 1, wherein the planetary mixer includes a heating arrangement to heat the material in the basket, which is controlled by the temperature regulation arrangement.

6. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 1, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer includes a cooling arrangement controlled by the temperature regulation arrangement to perform cooling of the material.

7. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 1, wherein the temperature regulation arrangement is configured to perform regulation of the temperature of the material while the material is subjected to superimposed rotation and revolution movements such as to prevent the temperature of the material to exceed a threshold, wherein the temperature regulation arrangement includes a data processing device having an inputconfigured for receiving a signal that conveys the threshold, the temperature regulation arrangement being responsive to the signal to adjust either one or both of the rotation and revolution movements to which the material is subjected to maintain the temperature of the material below the threshold.

8. A bladeless planetary mixer comprising a basket for receiving a material to be processed by the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer is configured to subject the material to superimposed rotation and revolution movements, the bladeless planetary mixer comprising a heating arrangement to heat the material in the basket and a control arrangement to control heat produced by the heating arrangement.

9. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 8, wherein the heating arrangement includes a resistive heating element located such that heat produced by the resistive heating element is communicated to the material in the basket.

10. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 9, wherein the resistive heating element is mounted to the basket.

11. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 10, wherein the resistive heating element is mounted to a sidewall of the basket.

12. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 11, wherein the resistive heating element is wire-shaped, and it is wound on the sidewall of the basket.

13. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 8, wherein the heating arrangement includes an induction coil configured to heat the material in the basket via induction heating.

14. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 13, wherein the induction coil includes a side that is generally perpendicular to an electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil, the induction coil being positioned such that the side faces a bottom wall of the basket.

15. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 14, wherein the induction coil is mounted adjacent the bottom wall of the basket.

16. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 13, wherein the induction coil is configured to heat the basket by induction heating while the basket is rotating about a rotation axis that extends through the basket.

17. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 13, wherein the induction coil is configured to heat the basket, while the basket is subjected to rotation and revolution movements relative to the induction coil which is stationary.

18. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 17, wherein the control arrangement is configured to momentarily activate the induction coil when during revolutions of the basket, the basket is in proximity to the induction coil.

19. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 13, wherein heating arrangement operates to heat the material in the basket while the basket is stationary.

20. A bladeless planetary mixer comprising a basket for receiving a material to be processed by the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer is configured to subject the material in the basket to superimposed rotation and revolution movements, wherein the bladeless planetary mixer comprising a control arrangement configured for implementing a user interface for receiving user inputs, the user interface configured for presenting to a user a plurality of individually selectable options corresponding to a plurality of functions to be performed by the bladeless planetary mixer, the plurality of functions including a melting function, and in response to selection of the option corresponding to the melting function, presenting to a user a plurality of individually selectable choices corresponding to different materials to be melted.

21. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 20, wherein the control arrangement includes a database storing a plurality of operational parameter values for the bladeless planetary mixer, wherein the database mapping individually selectable choices corresponding to different materials to be melted with respective operational parameter values, in response to selection of choice of material to be melted at the user interface the control arrangement implementing the one or more operational parameter values associated with the selected choice of material.

22. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 21, wherein the operational parameter values include a time period during which the material is subjected to superimposed rotation and revolution movements.

23. A bladeless planetary mixer, as defined in claim 21, wherein the operational parameter values include a rotation speed value.

24. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 21, wherein the operational parameter values include a revolution speed value.

25. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 20, wherein the user interface is configured to receive a user input indicative of a maximal temperature for the melted material.

26. A bladeless planetary mixer as defined in claim 25, wherein the control arrangement is responsive to the user input indicative of a maximal temperature for the melted material to regulate operational parameters ofthe bladeless planetary mixerto meltthe material and maintain the temperature of the melt at or below the maximal temperature.

27. An adapter for a planetary mixer, comprising: a) a structure to receive a container and support the container in a basket of the planetary mixer; b) a temperature sensing arrangement mounted to the structure.

28. An adapter as defined in claim 27, wherein the temperature sensing arrangement includes a contactless temperature sensor.

29. A method for measuring temperature of contents of a container subjected to superimposed revolution and rotation movements in a planetary mixer, the method comprising positioning a temperature sensor adjacent a side wall of the container and measuring an output of the temperature sensor during the superimposed revolution and rotation movements.

30. A method as defined in claim 29, wherein the temperature sensor is subjected to the superimposed revolution and rotation movements along with the container while the output of the temperature sensor is being measured.

31. A method for measuring temperature of contents of a container subjected to superimposed revolution and rotation movements in a planetary mixer, the method comprising positioning a temperature sensor adjacent a bottom wall of the container and measuring an output of the temperature sensor during the superimposed revolution and rotation movements.

32. A method as defined in claim 29, wherein the temperature sensor is subjected to the superimposed revolution and rotation movements along with the container while the output of the temperature sensor is being measured.

33. An adapter for a planetary mixer, the adapter comprising: a) a shell structure configured to receive and support a container within a basket of the planetary mixer; and b) a temperature sensing arrangement mounted to the shell structure and configured to sense a temperature associated with contents of the container during superimposed rotation and revolution movements of the basket.

34. The adapter of claim 33, wherein the shell structure comprises two or more mating shell components that define an inner region configured to engage an outer surface of the container to prevent rotational slippage relative to the basket.

35. The adapter of claim 33, wherein the temperature sensing arrangement comprises a contact sensor configured to contact an outer surface of the container.

36. The adapter of claim 35, wherein the contact sensor comprises a thermocouple.

37. The adapter of claim 33, wherein the temperature sensing arrangement comprises a non-contact optical sensor configured to detect infrared radiation from the container.

38. The adapter of claim 33, wherein the temperature sensing arrangement is integrated into an annular structure mounted within a circumferential rib of the shell structure.

39. The adapter of claim 38, wherein the annular structure comprises an active portion housing the temperature sensing arrangement and a passive counterweight portion having a substantially equal mass to the active portion.

40. The adapter of claim 33, wherein the temperature sensing arrangement further comprises a wireless communication module configured to transmit temperature data to a receiver external to the adapter.

41. The adapter of claim 40, wherein the wireless communication module uses a protocol selected from the group consisting of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and radio-frequency identification (RFID).

42. The adapter of claim 33, wherein the shell structure comprises projections configured to engage corresponding features on the basket to rotationally lock the adapter relative to the basket.

43. The adapter of claim 33, further comprising the container, the container including: a) a body defining an internal chamber for receiving a material to be processed in the planetary mixer; and b) a metering mechanism coupled to the body and configured to dispense predetermined quantities of the material from the internal chamber.

44. The adapter of claim 43, wherein the metering mechanism comprises a pump actuator operable by a user to discharge at each pump stroke a fixed volume of the material through a dispensing nozzle.

45. The adapter of claim 43, wherein the metering mechanism comprises a piston configured to travel axially within the chamber to expel a measured quantity of the material through a dispensing nozzle.

46. The adapter of claim 45, wherein axial travel of the piston is controlled by rotational adjustment of a ring at a base of the container.

47. The adapter of claim 43, wherein the body of the container further comprises a light- transmissive window permitting visual monitoring of fill level within the chamber.

48. The adapter of claim 47, wherein the light-transmissive window is configured to permit transmission of infrared radiation for temperature measurement by an optical sensor.

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