antenna
The planar antenna design with melt mesh technology addresses the bulkiness and aesthetic issues of traditional omnidirectional antennas, providing effective indoor coverage and communication quality through wide bandwidth and multi-band operation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
Smart Images

Figure CN2024116502_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTENNATECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to display technology, more particularly, to an antenna.BACKGROUND
[0002] Omnidirectional ceiling antennas are the most commonly used in indoor coverage systems. Generally, they are employed in indoor environments such as conference centers, large shopping malls, office buildings, cinemas, and high-rise residential buildings. Ceiling antennas are typically installed on indoor ceilings, do not affect the indoor environment, are highly concealable, aesthetically pleasing, and have low power requirements.SUMMARY
[0003] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna, comprising a first base substrate, a radiation patch on the first base substrate, a second base substrate, a feed structure, and a ground structure on the second base substrate; wherein the first base substrate and the second base substrate are substantially perpendicular to each other; the radiation patch and the ground structure are substantially perpendicular to each other; the ground structure comprises a conductive mesh structure; the radiation patch comprises a conductive mesh structure; the radiation patch comprises a main body; and the antenna comprises one or more irregularly shaped slots extending through the radiation patch, wherein a contour of at least one of the one or more irregularly shaped slots comprises at least one curved edge.
[0004] Optionally, the radiation patch has a substantially elliptical shape at a first portion, and an arcuate shape at a second portion; wherein the first portion is on a side of the second portion away from the feed structure.
[0005] Optionally, a distance between a feed point of the feed structure and a point of the radiation patch furthest to the feed point is in a range of 0.9× 1 / 4 λ to 1.1×1 / 4 λ; a distance between the feed point of the feed structure and a point of the ground structure furthest to the feed point is in a range of 0.9×1 / 4 λ to 1.1 ×1 / 4λ; and wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0006] Optionally, the antenna further comprises at least one first slot extending through the main body; the at least one first slot is substantially at the center of the main body; and a central axis of the radiation patch crosses over the at least one first slot.
[0007] Optionally, the antenna further comprises one or more second slots extending through the main body; wherein the at least one first slot extends through the radiation patch at a first position; the one or more second slots extend through the radiation patch at one or more second positions; the first position is on a side of the one or more second positions away from a feed point of the feed structure; and a contour of a respective second slot of the one or more second slots comprises at least one arcuate edge.
[0008] Optionally, the antenna further comprises one or more third slots extending through the radiation patch; a respective third slot of the one or more third slots has a spiral shape; the one or more third slots comprise at least two spiral slots; the at least two spiral slots are between the at least one first slot and a fed point of the feed structure; and the at least two spiral slots have a substantial mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate and the second base substrate, bisecting the radiation patch, and perpendicular to the first base substrate and the second base substrate.
[0009] Optionally, the at least two spiral slots and the at least one first slot partially overlap.
[0010] Optionally, the radiation patch further comprises one or more coupling branches; wherein the one or more coupling branches surround a portion of the main body.
[0011] Optionally, the one or more coupling branches comprise a first branch on a side of the main body away from a feed point of the feed structure, a second branch and a third branch on a side of the main body closer to the feed point of the feed structure; the first branch has a shape conforming to a contour of the radiation patch; and / or the second branch and the third branch are spaced apart from each other.
[0012] Optionally, the ground structure has a substantially circular shape.
[0013] Optionally, the ground structure has a circular shape that is truncated on at least one side and / or at least a shape merged with the circular shape that is truncated on the at least one side.
[0014] Optionally, the ground structure comprises a first portion and a second portion connected to each other; the first portion has a truncated circular shape; the second portion has a rectangular or square shape; the first portion has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on a side of the circular structure that is truncated on the one side; the truncated edge of the first portion is connected to a side of the second portion; and the truncated edge of the first portion is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate intersects with the second base substrate.
[0015] Optionally, the ground structure comprises a first portion and a second portion connected to each other; the first portion has a truncated circular shape; the second portion has a rectangular or square shape; the first portion has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on two sides, creating two truncated edges on two opposite side of the circular structure; one of the two truncated edges of the first portion is connected to a side of the second portion; each truncated edge of the first portion is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate intersects with the second base substrate; a shortest distance between a feed point of the feed structure to a truncated edge on a side opposite to the second portion is in a range of 0.1 to 0.15 λ; and a shortest distance between the feed point of the feed structure to an edge of the rectangular or square shape on a side opposite to the first portion is 0.25 λ; wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0016] Optionally, the ground structure comprises a first portion and a second portion connected to each other; the first portion has a round corner rectangular shape; the second portion has a truncated circular shape; the second portion has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on a side of the circular structure; the truncated edge of the second portion is connected to a side of the first portion; and the truncated edge of the second portion is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate intersects with the second base substrate.
[0017] Optionally, the antenna is a multi-band and wide-band antenna configured to operate in multiple frequency bands including 900 MHz band, 1800 MHz band, F band, A band, E band, WLAN band, and D band.
[0018] Optionally, the antenna's horizontal directional pattern in all of the multiple frequency bands have a non-circularity of less than 1.5.
[0019] Optionally, the at least one first slot has a circular shape or a rectangular shape.
[0020] Optionally, the ground structure is at least 30%transparent; and the radiation patch is at least 30%transparent.
[0021] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0022] The following drawings are merely examples for illustrative purposes according to various disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 2 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 3 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 4 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 5 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 6 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 7 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 8 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 9 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 10 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 11 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 12 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 13 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 14 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 15 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 16 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 17 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 18 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 19 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 20 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 21 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 22 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 23 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 24 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 25 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 26 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 27 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 28 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 29 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 30 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 31 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 32 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 33 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 34 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 35 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 36 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 37 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0060] FIG. 38 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0061] FIG. 39 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0062] FIG. 40 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 41 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0064] FIG. 42 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0065] FIG. 43 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 44 shows current distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
[0067] FIG. 45 shows electric field distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
[0068] FIG. 46 shows current distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24.
[0069] FIG. 47 shows electric field distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24.
[0070] FIG. 48 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0071] FIG. 49 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0072] FIG. 50 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0073] FIG. 51 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0074] FIG. 52 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0075] FIG. 53 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0076] FIG. 54 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0077] FIG. 55 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0078] FIG. 56 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0079] FIG. 57 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0080] FIG. 58 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0081] FIG. 59 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0082] FIG. 60 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0083] FIG. 61 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0084] FIG. 62 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0085] FIG. 63 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0086] FIG. 64 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0087] FIG. 65 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0088] FIG. 66 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0089] FIG. 67 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0090] FIG. 68 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0091] The disclosure will now be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following descriptions of some embodiments are presented herein for purpose of illustration and description only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed.
[0092] With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and the exponential increase in the number of mobile users, there is a growing demand for higher quality mobile communication. A significant portion of communication occurs within indoor environments. However, indoor communication environments are characterized by high complexity and uncertainty, with significant electromagnetic signal attenuation, which easily creates blind spots. For example, in environments such as high floors of large buildings, basements, underground parking garages, and elevators, the presence of communication signal blind spots and the shielding effect of buildings often result in various issues for indoor communication users, such as significant call noise, low handover rates, frequent call drops, and even inability to make calls. Consequently, relying solely on outdoor base station signals cannot achieve comprehensive indoor signal coverage, necessitating the development of indoor distribution systems.
[0093] An indoor distribution system utilizes indoor antennas to evenly distribute the signals from mobile base stations throughout various indoor areas, thereby eliminating coverage shadow areas in indoor environments. This ensures that indoor areas have ideal signal coverage capabilities and sufficient network capacity, meeting the communication quality requirements of indoor mobile users. Additionally, it significantly increases the call connection rate for mobile phones, reduces the call drop rate and co-channel interference, and provides users with more comprehensive communication services, thereby enhancing the overall service level of the mobile network.
[0094] In indoor distribution systems, the radiation range of antennas is a key factor in designing indoor distribution. Indoor distribution antennas transmit radio frequency signals from the signal source into the wireless environment or collect electromagnetic signals from the wireless environment. The coverage radius of antennas varies depending on different indoor scenarios. Considering the characteristics of indoor environments and the effectiveness of antenna coverage, it is crucial to ensure the coverage effect in indoor areas while minimizing signal leakage to the outdoors. Therefore, various types of indoor distribution antennas have emerged. Additionally, indoor coverage antennas generally require features such as miniaturization, wide bandwidth or multi-band, ease of aesthetic integration, or concealment. Consequently, research on mobile indoor distribution antennas is both necessary and meaningful. Common types of indoor distribution antennas include omnidirectional ceiling antennas, directional panel antennas, high-gain directional antennas, and leaky cables.
[0095] Structurally, omnidirectional ceiling antennas are typically axially symmetric. To achieve omnidirectionality, a metal base plate is usually added directly below the antenna based on the mirror image principle. The base plate generates a mirror image current that aligns with the monopole antenna, similar to the current distribution of a dipole antenna. In some sense, it can be considered a dipole.
[0096] The present disclosure provides, inter alia, an antenna that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna includes a first base substrate, a radiation patch on the first base substrate, a second base substrate, a feed structure, and a ground structure on the second base substrate. Optionally, the first base substrate and the second base substrate are substantially perpendicular to each other. As used herein, the term “substantially perpendicular” refers to that the first base substrate and the second base substrate are positioned at an angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees. Optionally, the radiation patch and the ground structure are substantially perpendicular to each other. Optionally, the ground structure comprises a conductive mesh structure. Optionally, the radiation patch comprises a conductive mesh structure. Optionally, the radiation patch comprises a main body. Optionally, the antenna comprises one or more irregularly shaped slots extending through the radiation patch, wherein a contour of at least one of the one or more irregularly shaped slots comprises at least one curved edge. Optionally, the antenna further comprises one or more irregularly shaped slots extending through the main body, wherein an outer contour of at least one of the one or more irregularly shaped slots comprises at least one curved edge.
[0097] Traditional omnidirectional ceiling antennas often use a tri-cone structure, which is bulky and lacks aesthetic appeal, making them difficult to conceal in indoor environments. The present disclosure introduces the use of melt mesh transparent technology combined with planar antenna design to achieve overall antenna transparency, enhancing its aesthetic appeal. This design not only meets indoor communication needs but also ensures the antenna's concealment within indoor environments. The metal layer utilizes a melt mesh film structure, and the dielectric substrate is made from highly transparent materials. The traditional tri-cone antenna form is replaced with a planar antenna form to accommodate the flat film attachment.
[0098] The application of patch antennas in indoor distribution systems enables them to blend seamlessly with indoor environments, achieving concealment. The melt mesh transparent processing technology, combined with innovative planar antenna design, integrates wide bandwidth, multi-band, miniaturization, and aesthetic enhancement into a single antenna within the indoor distribution system, making the antenna "disappear" in the indoor environment.
[0099] The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, surprisingly and unexpectedly, the antenna according to the present disclosure has a horizontal directional pattern in all working frequency bands having a non-circularity of less than 1.5. The gain requirements are as follows: greater than 1.0dBi in the 900MHz band, greater than 2.0dBi in the 1800MHz band, greater than 2.5dBi in the F band, greater than 3.0dBi in the A band, greater than 3.0dBi in the E band, greater than 3.5dBi in the WLAN band, and greater than 3.5dBi in the D band, to meet the omnidirectional radiation and coverage requirements of indoor ceiling antennas.
[0100] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the antenna in some embodiments includes a first base substrate BS1, a radiation patch RD on the first base substrate BS1, a second base substrate BS2, a ground structure GND on the second base substrate BS2. In some embodiments, the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2 are positioned at an angle to each other, forming an angled configuration. Optionally, the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2 are positioned at an angle in a range of 75 degrees to 115 degrees to each other. Optionally, the angle is in a range of 75 degrees to 80 degrees, 80 degrees to 85 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 95 degrees, 95 degrees to 100 degrees, 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, or 110 degrees to 115 degrees. In one example, the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2 are positioned perpendicular to each other. This arrangement allows for effective integration of the radiation patch RD and the ground structure GND, optimizing the antenna's performance within the given spatial constraints.
[0101] The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2 are positioned at an angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees to each other, the structure of the antenna enhances the performance by improving isolation between components, making better use of space, and optimizing the radiation patterns for specific applications. The angled configuration allows the radiation patch and ground structure to work more effectively within the spatial constraints of the device.
[0102] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a feed structure FS configured to transmit a signal from a transmitter to the antenna or from the antenna to a receiver.
[0103] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD and the ground structure GND are positioned at an angle in a range of 75 degrees to 115 degrees to each other. Optionally, the angle is in a range of 75 degrees to 80 degrees, 80 degrees to 85 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 95 degrees, 95 degrees to 100 degrees, 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, or 110 degrees to 115 degrees. In one example, the radiation patch RD and the ground structure GND are positioned perpendicular to each other.
[0104] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD and the second base substrate BS2 are positioned at an angle in a range of 75 degrees to 115 degrees to each other. Optionally, the angle is in a range of 75 degrees to 80 degrees, 80 degrees to 85 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 95 degrees, 95 degrees to 100 degrees, 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, or 110 degrees to 115 degrees. In one example, the radiation patch RD and the second base substrate BS2 are positioned perpendicular to each other.
[0105] In some embodiments, the ground structure GND and the first base substrate BS1 are positioned at an angle in a range of 75 degrees to 115 degrees to each other. Optionally, the angle is in a range of 75 degrees to 80 degrees, 80 degrees to 85 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 95 degrees, 95 degrees to 100 degrees, 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, or 110 degrees to 115 degrees. In one example, the ground structure GND and the first base substrate BS1 are positioned perpendicular to each other.
[0106] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a first fastener configured to attach the first base substrate BS1 to the second base substrate BS2. In one example, the first fastener includes one or more clamps (e.g., a first clamp CLM1 and a second clamp CLM2) .
[0107] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a second fastener configured to attach the ground structure GND to the second base substrate BS2. In one example, the second fastener includes one or more screws (e.g., a first screw SCR1 and a second screw SCR2) .
[0108] In some embodiments, the ground structure GND includes a conductive mesh structure. Optionally, the conductive mesh structure includes a metal mesh structure. In one example, the metal mesh structure includes a melt mesh layer. The melt mesh layer is a conductive layer formed by melting and depositing metal onto a substrate, creating a mesh or grid pattern. This mesh provides electrical conductivity while allowing for transparency or semi-transparency.
[0109] In some embodiments, the melt mesh layer in the ground structure GND has an electrical conductivity in a range of 1.0 × 106 S / m to 5.0 × 106 S / m, e.g., 1.0 × 106 S / m to 1.2 ×106 S / m, 1.2 × 106 S / m to 1.4 × 106 S / m, 1.4 × 106 S / m to 1.6 × 106 S / m, 1.6 × 106 S / m to 1.8 ×106 S / m, 1.8 × 106 S / m to 2.0 × 106 S / m, 2.0 × 106 S / m to 2.2 × 106 S / m, 2.2 × 106 S / m to 2.4 ×106 S / m, 2.4 × 106 S / m to 2.6 × 106 S / m, 2.6 × 106 S / m to 2.8 × 106 S / m, 2.8 × 106 S / m to 3.0 ×106 S / m, 3.0 × 106 S / m to 3.2 × 106 S / m, 3.2 × 106 S / m to 3.4 × 106 S / m, 3.4 × 106 S / m to 3.6 ×106 S / m, 3.6 × 106 S / m to 3.8 × 106 S / m, 3.8 × 106 S / m to 4.0 × 106 S / m, 4.0 × 106 S / m to 4.2 ×106 S / m, 4.2 × 106 S / m to 4.4 × 106 S / m, 4.4 × 106 S / m to 4.6 × 106 S / m, 4.6 × 106 S / m to 4.8 ×106 S / m, or 4.8 × 106 S / m to 5.0 × 106 S / m. In one example, the melt mesh layer in the ground structure GND has an electrical conductivity of 2.2 × 106 S / m.
[0110] In some embodiments, the melt mesh layer in the ground structure GND has a thickness in a range of 2.5 μm to 6.5 μm, e.g., 2.5 μm to 3.0 μm, 3.0 μm to 3.5 μm, 3.5 μm to 4.0 μm, 4.0 μm to 4.5 μm, 4.5 μm to 5.0 μm, 5.0 μm to 5.5 μm, or 5.5 μm to 6.5 μm. In one example, the melt mesh layer in the ground structure GND has a thickness of 4.5 μm.
[0111] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD includes a conductive mesh structure. Optionally, the conductive mesh structure includes a metal mesh structure. In one example, the metal mesh structure includes a melt mesh layer.
[0112] In some embodiments, the melt mesh layer in the radiation patch RD has an electrical conductivity in a range of 1.0 × 106 S / m to 5.0 × 106 S / m, e.g., 1.0 × 106 S / m to 1.2 × 106 S / m, 1.2 × 106 S / m to 1.4 × 106 S / m, 1.4 × 106 S / m to 1.6 × 106 S / m, 1.6 × 106 S / m to 1.8 × 106 S / m, 1.8 × 106 S / m to 2.0 × 106 S / m, 2.0 × 106 S / m to 2.2 × 106 S / m, 2.2 × 106 S / m to 2.4 × 106 S / m, 2.4 × 106 S / m to 2.6 × 106 S / m, 2.6 × 106 S / m to 2.8 × 106 S / m, 2.8 × 106 S / m to 3.0 × 106 S / m, 3.0 × 106 S / m to 3.2 × 106 S / m, 3.2 × 106 S / m to 3.4 × 106 S / m, 3.4 × 106 S / m to 3.6 × 106 S / m, 3.6 × 106 S / m to 3.8 × 106 S / m, 3.8 × 106 S / m to 4.0 × 106 S / m, 4.0 × 106 S / m to 4.2 × 106 S / m, 4.2 × 106 S / m to 4.4 × 106 S / m, 4.4 × 106 S / m to 4.6 × 106 S / m, 4.6 × 106 S / m to 4.8 × 106 S / m, or 4.8 × 106 S / m to 5.0 × 106 S / m. In one example, the melt mesh layer in the radiation patch RD has an electrical conductivity of 2.2 × 106 S / m.
[0113] In some embodiments, the melt mesh layer in the radiation patch RD has a thickness in a range of 2.5 μm to 6.5 μm, e.g., 2.5 μm to 3.0 μm, 3.0 μm to 3.5 μm, 3.5 μm to 4.0 μm, 4.0 μm to 4.5 μm, 4.5 μm to 5.0 μm, 5.0 μm to 5.5 μm, or 5.5 μm to 6.5 μm. In one example, the melt mesh layer in the radiation patch RD has a thickness of 4.5 μm.
[0114] In some embodiments, the first base substrate BS1 includes a dielectric insulating material. In some embodiments, the dielectric insulating material has a dielectric constant in a range of 2.0 to 4.0, e.g., 2.0 to 2.1, 2.1 to 2.2, 2.2 to 2.3, 2.3 to 2.4, 2.4 to 2.5, 2.5 to 2.6, 2.6 to 2.7, 2.7 to 2.8, 2.8 to 2.9, 2.9 to 3.0, 3.0 to 3.1, 3.1 to 3.2, 3.2 to 3.3, 3.3 to 3.4, 3.4 to 3.5, 3.5 to 3.6, 3.6 to 3.7, 3.7 to 3.8, 3.8 to 3.9, or 3.9 to 4.0. In one example, the dielectric insulating material has a dielectric constant of 2.9. In some embodiments, the dielectric insulating material has a loss tangent in a range of 0.001 to 0.010, e.g., 0.001 to 0.002, 0.002 to 0.003, 0.003 to 0.004, 0.004 to 0.005, 0.005 to 0.006, 0.006 to 0.007, 0.007 to 0.008, 0.008 to 0.009, or 0.009 to 0.010. In one example, the dielectric insulating material has a loss tangent of 0.004. In one example, the dielectric insulating material has a ratio of dielectric constant to loss tangent of 2.9 / 0.004. In some embodiments, the dielectric insulating material has a thickness in a range of 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm to 0.75 mm, 0.75 mm to 1.0 mm, 1.0 mm to 1.25 mm, 1.25 mm to 1.50 mm, 1.50 mm to 1.75 mm, 1.75 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.25 mm, 2.25 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 2.75 mm, 2.75 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.25 mm, or 3.25 mm to 3.5 mm.
[0115] In some embodiments, the second base substrate BS2 includes a dielectric insulating material. In some embodiments, the dielectric insulating material has a dielectric constant in a range of 2.0 to 4.0, e.g., 2.0 to 2.1, 2.1 to 2.2, 2.2 to 2.3, 2.3 to 2.4, 2.4 to 2.5, 2.5 to 2.6, 2.6 to 2.7, 2.7 to 2.8, 2.8 to 2.9, 2.9 to 3.0, 3.0 to 3.1, 3.1 to 3.2, 3.2 to 3.3, 3.3 to 3.4, 3.4 to 3.5, 3.5 to 3.6, 3.6 to 3.7, 3.7 to 3.8, 3.8 to 3.9, or 3.9 to 4.0. In one example, the dielectric insulating material has a dielectric constant of 2.9. In some embodiments, the dielectric insulating material has a loss tangent in a range of 0.001 to 0.010, e.g., 0.001 to 0.002, 0.002 to 0.003, 0.003 to 0.004, 0.004 to 0.005, 0.005 to 0.006, 0.006 to 0.007, 0.007 to 0.008, 0.008 to 0.009, or 0.009 to 0.010. In one example, the dielectric insulating material has a loss tangent of 0.004. In one example, the dielectric insulating material has a ratio of dielectric constant to loss tangent of 2.9 / 0.004. In some embodiments, the dielectric insulating material has a thickness in a range of 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm to 0.75 mm, 0.75 mm to 1.0 mm, 1.0 mm to 1.25 mm, 1.25 mm to 1.50 mm, 1.50 mm to 1.75 mm, 1.75 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm to 2.25 mm, 2.25 mm to 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm to 2.75 mm, 2.75 mm to 3.0 mm, 3.0 mm to 3.25 mm, or 3.25 mm to 3.5 mm.
[0116] The antenna according to the present disclosure is configured to operate in multiple frequency bands: 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, F band, A band, E band, WLAN band, and D band, making it a multi-band and wide-band antenna. In one particular example, the maximum overall dimensions of the antenna are 100 millimeters along the z-axis and 200 millimeters along the xy-plane. In some embodiments, the antenna adopts a monopole antenna form.
[0117] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2. In some embodiment, the ground structure GND has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2. In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2.
[0118] In some embodiments, the ground structure GND is at least 30%transparent, e.g., at least 35%transparent, at least 40%transparent, at least 45%transparent, e.g., at least 50%transparent, at least 55%transparent, at least 60%transparent, e.g., at least 65%transparent, at least 70%transparent, at least 75%transparent, e.g., at least 80%transparent, at least 85%transparent, at least 90%transparent, e.g., at least 95%transparent, or at least 99%transparent.
[0119] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD is at least 30%transparent, e.g., at least 35%transparent, at least 40%transparent, at least 45%transparent, e.g., at least 50%transparent, at least 55%transparent, at least 60%transparent, e.g., at least 65%transparent, at least 70%transparent, at least 75%transparent, e.g., at least 80%transparent, at least 85%transparent, at least 90%transparent, e.g., at least 95%transparent, or at least 99%transparent.
[0120] FIG. 2 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 2, the radiation patch RD in some embodiments includes one or more coils C. The one or more coils C are configured to enhance induction of the radiation patch RD. In some embodiments, the one or more coils C are in contact with the first base substrate BS1. In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD includes at least two coils, wherein the at least two coils, with respect to each other, have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2.
[0121] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD further includes a main body MB and one or more coupling branches CB. In some embodiments, the main body MB has a substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) oval shape. In some embodiments, the one or more coupling branches CB surround a portion of the main body MB. The one or more coupling branches CB are configured to achieve impedance matching over multiple frequency bands. They adjust the reactance of the antenna, making it easier to match the impedance of the antenna with the impedance of the transmission line or the source, thus minimizing reflection and power loss. In some embodiments, the one or more coupling branches CB are further configured to tune the resonant frequency of the antenna. This makes it possible to operate the antenna efficiently at different desired frequencies, which is particularly useful in multi-band antennas. In some embodiments, the one or more coupling branches CB are further configured to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna. By adding capacitance and adjusting the inductance, they can help the antenna maintain a low Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) over a wider range of frequencies. In some embodiments, the one or more coupling branches CB are further configured to shape and stabilize the radiation pattern of the antenna, ensuring that the antenna maintains a consistent and desirable radiation characteristic across its operating frequencies. In some embodiments, the one or more coupling branches CB are further configured to balance the horizontal radiation pattern, reducing the non-circularity and improving the overall performance of the antenna in different directions.
[0122] In some embodiments, the main body MB has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2.
[0123] In some embodiments, the one or more coupling branches CB have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2.
[0124] In some embodiments, the one or more coupling branches CB include a first branch CB1 on a first side of the main body MB, a second branch CB2 on a second side of the main body MB, and a third branch CB3 on a third side of the main body MB. Optionally, the first branch CB1 has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2. Optionally, the second branch CB2 and the third branch CB3, with respect to each other, have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2.
[0125] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a first slot ST1 extending through the main body MB. Optionally, the first slot ST1 is substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) at the center of the main body MB. The first slot ST1 is configured to balance the non-circularity of the horizontal radiation pattern across multiple frequency bands. In some embodiments, the first slot ST1 has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2. Non-circularity refers to the deviation of the omnidirectional antenna's radiation pattern in a specific plane over a 360-degree range from its average value. This deviation is expressed as the difference between the maximum or minimum value and the average value of the radiation pattern. The value can be either positive or negative. It is commonly represented as ± (maximum value -minimum value) / 2. For the 900 MHz frequency band, non-circularity is calculated using the θ=90° plane. For other frequency bands, non-circularity is calculated using the θ=120° plane. A smaller non-circularity value indicates better omnidirectional radiation characteristics of the antenna.
[0126] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes one or more irregularly shaped slots extending through the main body MB, wherein an outer contour of at least one of the one or more irregularly shaped slots comprises at least one curved edge. In some embodiments, the antenna further includes one or more second slots ST2 extending through the main body MB. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 (e.g., two second slots) , with respect to each other, have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2. The one or more second slots ST2 are configured to achieve impedance matching by adjusting the distribution of current on the antenna structure. This adjustment allows the antenna to better match the impedance of the transmission line or source, minimizing reflection and power loss. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to tune the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The one or more second slots can effectively create multiple resonant paths, enabling the antenna to operate efficiently at different desired frequencies, making it suitable for multi-band applications. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna. By introducing multiple resonant modes, slots help the antenna maintain a low Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) over a wider range of frequencies, ensuring better performance across multiple bands. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to shape and control the radiation pattern of the antenna. They can be designed to direct the radiation in specific patterns or directions, improving the overall radiation characteristics of the antenna. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to balance the radiation pattern across different frequency bands. This reduces the non-circularity of the horizontal radiation pattern, ensuring consistent performance in all directions.
[0127] In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 extend through the radiation patch RD at positions proximal to the feed structure FS (thus proximal to a feed point of the antenna) . In some embodiments, the first slot ST1 extends through the radiation patch RD at a first position, the one or more second slots ST2 extend through the radiation patch RD at one or more second positions, the first position is on a side of the one or more second positions away from the feed structure FS.
[0128] In some embodiments, a contour of a respective second slot of the one or more second slots ST2 comprises at least one arcuate edge.
[0129] In some embodiments, a central axis of the radiation patch RD crosses over the first slot ST1.
[0130] In some embodiments, the antenna includes one or more third slots ST3 extending through the radiation patch RD. In some embodiments, a respective third slot of the one or more third slots ST3 has a spiral shape. In some embodiments the one or more third slots ST3 include at least two spiral slots, wherein the at least two spiral slots are between the first slot ST1 and the feed structure FS (e.g., between the first slot ST1 and the feed point) . In some embodiments, the at least two spiral slots have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2. Optionally, each of the at least two spiral slots has at least three turns.
[0131] In some embodiments, the first branch CB1 has a shape conforming to a contour of the radiation patch RD. In some embodiments, the second branch CB2 and the third branch CB3 are spaced apart from each other.
[0132] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RD has a substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) elliptical shape at a first portion, and an arcuate shape at a second portion, wherein the first portion is on a side of the second portion away from the feed structure FS. Alternatively, the radiation patch RD has an irregular elliptical shape. Alternatively, the radiation patch RD has a bulb-like shape.
[0133] In some embodiments, a distance between a feed point FP of the feed structure FS and a point of the radiation patch RD furthest to the feed point FP is in a range of 0.9 ×1 / 4λ to 1.1×1 / 4 λ, wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0134] In some embodiments, a distance between a feed point FP of the feed structure FS and a point of the ground structure GND furthest to the feed point FP is in a range of 0.9×1 / 4 λto 1.1×1 / 4 λ, wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0135] FIG. 3 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, the ground structure GND in some embodiments has a substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) circular shape.
[0136] FIG. 4 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4, the values of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 1.8 across the entire operating frequency range. For most frequency bands, except the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands, the VSWR is less than 1.5. This low VSWR indicates good impedance matching, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer. VSWR is the ratio of the peak voltage to the minimum voltage along a transmission line. When the VSWR is equal to 1, it indicates that the impedance of the feed line and the antenna are perfectly matched. In this case, all the high-frequency energy is radiated by the antenna with no reflected energy loss. When the VSWR is infinitely large, it indicates total reflection, meaning that no energy is radiated and all the energy is reflected back. A lower VSWR value (closer to 1) signifies better impedance matching and more efficient radiation of energy. High VSWR values indicate poor impedance matching, resulting in significant energy reflection and potential losses.
[0137] FIG. 5 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5, the values of gain (dB(PeakRealizedGain) ) gain across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The gain values for specific frequency bands are as follows: 900 MHz band: Gain > 1.8 dBi; 1800 MHz band: Gain > 3.4 dBi; F band: Gain > 4.2 dBi; A band: Gain > 4.7 dBi; E band: Gain >4.6 dBi; WLAN band: Gain > 4.9 dBi; and D band: Gain > 5.5 dBi. These gain values represent the maximum radiation direction gain, confirming the antenna's efficiency and suitability for indoor distribution applications. As used herein, the 900 MHz band refers to a frequency range of 880 –960 MHz. This frequency range is commonly used for GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and other mobile communication services. As used herein, the 1800 MHz band refers to a frequency range of 1710 –1850 MHz. This frequency range is often utilized for GSM and LTE (Long-Term Evolution) services, providing enhanced mobile communication capabilities. As used herein, the F band refers to a frequency range of 1885 –1915 MHz. This frequency range is typically allocated for DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) and certain mobile communication applications. As used herein, the A band refers to a frequency range of 2010 –2025 MHz. This frequency range is used for TDD (Time Division Duplex) LTE networks and other specific mobile communication services. As used herein, the E Band refers to a frequency range of 2300 –2400 MHz. This frequency range is commonly used for LTE and other wireless communication services, providing extended coverage and capacity. As used herein, the WLAN band refers to a frequency range of 2400 –2483.5 MHz. This frequency range is widely used for Wi-Fi (Wireless Local Area Network) services, supporting wireless internet and data transmission. As used herein, the D Band refers to a frequency range of 2515 –2675 MHz. This frequency range is utilized for various wireless communication services, including certain LTE bands and wireless broadband services.
[0138] The VSWR and gain results confirm that the designed antenna performs well across its intended operating frequency bands. The low VSWR values indicate good impedance matching, while the high gain values ensure efficient signal radiation and reception, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution antennas.
[0139] FIG. 6 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 6, the radial lines represent different angles, and the concentric circles represent the gain levels in dB. The radiation pattern demonstrates how the antenna radiates power uniformly in the horizontal plane. FIG. 6 indicates that for the 900 MHz band, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern is less than 0.3. This low non-circularity value indicates a highly uniform radiation pattern, ensuring consistent signal strength in all directions.
[0140] FIG. 7 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7, the radiation pattern is depicted with multiple curves, each representing a different frequency band within the antenna's operating range. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern is less than 1.2. This slightly higher non-circularity still indicates good uniformity, though it may have minor variations in different directions compared to the 900 MHz band.
[0141] The horizontal radiation patterns in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 confirm that the designed antenna maintains a consistent and uniform radiation pattern across its operating frequency bands. The low non-circularity values ensure that the antenna provides stable and reliable signal coverage in all directions, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution applications.
[0142] FIG. 8 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, the Smith chart illustrates the impedance matching of the designed antenna across its operating frequency range. The Smith chart provides a graphical representation of the complex impedance of the antenna at different frequencies. Points m1 and m2 on the chart correspond to specific frequencies (0.8800 GHz and 2.6750 GHz, respectively) . The chart shows the normalized impedance of the antenna at these frequencies, indicating how well the antenna impedance matches the transmission line impedance (typically 50 ohms) . At the frequency point m1, the matching is relatively close to the center of the Smith chart, indicating good impedance matching at this frequency. At the frequency point m2, the matching is also relatively close to the center of the Smith chart, indicating good impedance matching at this frequency. The overall pattern on the Smith chart shows that, apart from the 900 MHz band where impedance matching needs improvement, the antenna demonstrates good impedance matching across other frequency bands. This is consistent with the VSWR measurements, confirming effective impedance matching for the majority of the operating bands.
[0143] FIG. 9 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The antenna depicted in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 differs from the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in that the ground structure GND does not have a circular shape. In some embodiments, the ground structure GND has a truncated circular shape. Optionally, the ground structure GND has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on one side of the circular structure. Optionally, a truncated edge of the ground structure GND is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate BS1 intersects with the second base substrate BS2. As used herein, the term “substantially parallel” means that an angle is in the range of 0 degree to approximately 45 degrees, e.g., 0 degree to approximately 5 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 10 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 15 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 20 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 25 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 30 degrees.
[0144] The ground structure GND having the truncated circular shape optimizes the impedance matching of the antenna, particularly within the 900 MHz frequency band. This structural alteration helps to improve the antenna's performance by minimizing signal reflection and enhancing power transfer efficiency.
[0145] FIG. 11 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 11, the values of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 1.8 across the entire operating frequency range. For most frequency bands, except the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands, the VSWR is less than 1.5. This low VSWR indicates good impedance matching, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer.
[0146] FIG. 12 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 12, the values of gain (dB (PeakRealizedGain) ) gain across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The gain values for specific frequency bands are as follows: 900 MHz band: Gain > 1.9 dBi; 1800 MHz band: Gain > 3.3 dBi; F band: Gain > 4.2 dBi; A band: Gain > 4.6 dBi; E band: Gain > 4.7 dBi; WLAN band: Gain > 5.2 dBi; and D band: Gain > 5.8 dBi. These gain values represent the maximum radiation direction gain, confirming the antenna's efficiency and suitability for indoor distribution applications.
[0147] The VSWR and gain results confirm that the designed antenna performs well across its intended operating frequency bands. The low VSWR values indicate good impedance matching, while the high gain values ensure efficient signal radiation and reception, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution antennas.
[0148] FIG. 13 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 13, the radial lines represent different angles, and the concentric circles represent the gain levels in dB. The radiation pattern demonstrates the uniformity and omnidirectionality of the antenna's radiation at a specific frequency band. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern in the 900 MHz band is less than 0.3, indicating a highly uniform radiation pattern.
[0149] FIG. 14 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 14, the radiation pattern is depicted with multiple curves, each representing a different frequency band within the antenna's operating range. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern is less than 1.0. As compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna depicted in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 is improved, ensuring consistent signal strength in all directions.
[0150] The horizontal radiation patterns in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 confirm that the designed antenna maintains a consistent and uniform radiation pattern across its operating frequency bands. The low non-circularity values ensure that the antenna provides stable and reliable signal coverage in all directions, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution applications. The improved omnidirectional radiation performance, compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, highlights the effectiveness of the design modifications.
[0151] FIG. 15 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 15, the Smith chart illustrates the impedance matching of the designed antenna across its operating frequency range. The chart indicates stable and consistent matching across all frequency bands, with no significant changes compared to FIG. 8. This effective impedance matching ensures minimal signal reflection and efficient power transfer, validating the antenna's design for reliable operation within its intended frequency range.
[0152] FIG. 16 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 17 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The antenna depicted in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 differs from the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in that the ground structure GND does not have a circular shape. In some embodiments, the ground structure GND has a truncated circular shape. Optionally, the ground structure GND has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on two sides, creating two truncated edges on two opposite side of the circular structure. Optionally, each truncated edge of the ground structure GND is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate BS1 intersects with the second base substrate BS2.
[0153] The ground structure GND having the truncated circular shape optimizes the impedance matching of the antenna, particularly within the 900 MHz frequency band. This structural alteration helps to improve the antenna's performance by minimizing signal reflection and enhancing power transfer efficiency.
[0154] FIG. 18 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 18, the values of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 1.8 across the entire operating frequency range. For most frequency bands, except the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands, the VSWR is less than 1.5. This low VSWR indicates good impedance matching, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer.
[0155] FIG. 19 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 19, the values of gain (dB (PeakRealizedGain) ) gain across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The gain values for specific frequency bands are as follows: 900 MHz band: Gain > 1.9 dBi; 1800 MHz band: Gain > 3.4 dBi; F band: Gain > 4.2 dBi; A band: Gain > 4.6 dBi; E band: Gain > 4.9 dBi; WLAN band: Gain > 5.4 dBi; and D band: Gain > 5.9 dBi. These gain values represent the maximum radiation direction gain, confirming the antenna's efficiency and suitability for indoor distribution applications.
[0156] The VSWR and gain results confirm that the designed antenna performs well across its intended operating frequency bands. The low VSWR values indicate good impedance matching, while the high gain values ensure efficient signal radiation and reception, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution antennas.
[0157] FIG. 20 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 20, the radial lines represent different angles, and the concentric circles represent the gain levels in dB. The radiation pattern demonstrates the uniformity and omnidirectionality of the antenna's radiation at a specific frequency band. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern in the 900 MHz band is less than 0.3, indicating a highly uniform radiation pattern.
[0158] FIG. 21 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 21, the radiation pattern is depicted with multiple curves, each representing a different frequency band within the antenna's operating range. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern is less than 1.0. As compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna depicted in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 is improved, ensuring consistent signal strength in all directions.
[0159] The horizontal radiation patterns in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 confirm that the designed antenna maintains a consistent and uniform radiation pattern across its operating frequency bands. The low non-circularity values ensure that the antenna provides stable and reliable signal coverage in all directions, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution applications. The improved omnidirectional radiation performance, compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, highlights the effectiveness of the design modifications.
[0160] FIG. 22 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 22, the Smith chart illustrates the impedance matching of the designed antenna across its operating frequency range. The chart indicates stable and consistent matching across all frequency bands, with no significant changes compared to FIG. 8 or FIG. 15. This effective impedance matching ensures minimal signal reflection and efficient power transfer, validating the antenna's design for reliable operation within its intended frequency range.
[0161] FIG. 23 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 24 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The antenna depicted in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 differs from the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in that the ground structure GND does not have a circular shape. In some embodiments, the ground structure GND includes a first portion P1 and a second portion P2 connected to each other. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the first base substrate BS1 on the second base substrate BS2 at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first portion P1 on the second base substrate BS2; and is non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the second portion P2 on the second base substrate BS2. In some embodiments, the first portion P1 has a truncated circular shape, and the second portion P2 has a rectangular or square shape. Optionally, the first portion P1 has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on a side of the circular structure. Optionally, the truncated edge of the first portion P1 is connected to a side of the second portion P2. Optionally, the truncated edge of the first portion P1 is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate BS1 intersects with the second base substrate BS2.
[0162] The ground structure GND having the truncated circular shape optimizes the impedance matching of the antenna, particularly within the 900 MHz frequency band. This structural alteration helps to improve the antenna's performance by minimizing signal reflection and enhancing power transfer efficiency.
[0163] FIG. 25 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 25, the values of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 1.6 across the entire operating frequency range. For most frequency bands, except the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands, the VSWR is less than 1.5. This low VSWR indicates good impedance matching, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer.
[0164] FIG. 26 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 26, the values of gain (dB (PeakRealizedGain) ) gain across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The gain values for specific frequency bands are as follows: 900 MHz band: Gain > 1.5 dBi; 1800 MHz band: Gain > 3.6 dBi; F band: Gain > 4.2 dBi; A band: Gain > 4.6 dBi; E band: Gain > 4.9 dBi; WLAN band: Gain > 5.1 dBi; and D band: Gain > 5.8 dBi. These gain values represent the maximum radiation direction gain, confirming the antenna's efficiency and suitability for indoor distribution applications.
[0165] The VSWR and gain results confirm that the designed antenna performs well across its intended operating frequency bands. The low VSWR values indicate good impedance matching, while the high gain values ensure efficient signal radiation and reception, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution antennas.
[0166] FIG. 27 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 27, the radial lines represent different angles, and the concentric circles represent the gain levels in dB. The radiation pattern demonstrates the uniformity and omnidirectionality of the antenna's radiation at a specific frequency band. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern in the 900 MHz band is less than 0.5, indicating a highly uniform radiation pattern.
[0167] FIG. 28 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 28, the radiation pattern is depicted with multiple curves, each representing a different frequency band within the antenna's operating range. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern is less than 1.2. As compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna depicted in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 is improved, ensuring consistent signal strength in all directions.
[0168] The horizontal radiation patterns in FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 confirm that the designed antenna maintains a consistent and uniform radiation pattern across its operating frequency bands. The low non-circularity values ensure that the antenna provides stable and reliable signal coverage in all directions, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution applications. The improved omnidirectional radiation performance, compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, highlights the effectiveness of the design modifications.
[0169] FIG. 29 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 29, the Smith chart illustrates the impedance matching of the designed antenna across its operating frequency range. The chart indicates stable and consistent matching across all frequency bands. The impedance matching for the 900 MHz band has significantly improved compared to FIG. 8, as confirmed by the VSWR measurements. The gain within the 900 MHz band has decreased compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, indicating that while the antenna is better matched, it is radiating slightly less power in the desired direction. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern within the 900 MHz band has slightly decreased. Although the radiation pattern is not as uniform as in the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, it still meets the design requirements.
[0170] FIG. 30 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 31 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The antenna depicted in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 differs from the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in that the ground structure GND does not have a circular shape. In some embodiments, the ground structure GND includes a first portion P1 and a second portion P2 connected to each other. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the first base substrate BS1 on the second base substrate BS2 at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first portion P1 on the second base substrate BS2; and is non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the second portion P2 on the second base substrate BS2. In some embodiments, the first portion P1 has a truncated circular shape, and the second portion P2 has a rectangular or square shape. Optionally, the first portion P1 has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on two sides, creating two truncated edges on two opposite side of the circular structure. Optionally, one of the two truncated edges of the first portion P1 is connected to a side of the second portion P2. Optionally, each truncated edge of the first portion P1 is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate BS1 intersects with the second base substrate BS2.
[0171] The ground structure GND having the truncated circular shape optimizes the impedance matching of the antenna, particularly within the 900 MHz frequency band. This structural alteration helps to improve the antenna's performance by minimizing signal reflection and enhancing power transfer efficiency.
[0172] In some embodiments, a first shortest distance d1 between a feed point FP of the feed structure FS to a truncated edge on a side opposite to the second portion is in a range of 0.1 to 0.15 λ; a second shortest distance d2 between the feed point FP of the feed structure FS to an edge of the rectangular or square shape on a side opposite to the first portion is in a range of 0.20 to 0.30 λ; wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0173] FIG. 32 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 32, the values of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 1.6 across the entire operating frequency range. For most frequency bands, except the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands, the VSWR is less than 1.5. This low VSWR indicates good impedance matching, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer.
[0174] FIG. 33 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 33, the values of gain (dB (PeakRealizedGain) ) gain across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The gain values for specific frequency bands are as follows: 900 MHz band: Gain > 1.7 dBi; 1800 MHz band: Gain > 4.1 dBi; F band: Gain > 4.7 dBi; A band: Gain > 5.0 dBi; E band: Gain > 5.1 dBi; WLAN band: Gain > 5.6 dBi; and D band: Gain > 6.2 dBi. These gain values represent the maximum radiation direction gain, confirming the antenna's efficiency and suitability for indoor distribution applications.
[0175] The VSWR and gain results confirm that the designed antenna performs well across its intended operating frequency bands. The low VSWR values indicate good impedance matching, while the high gain values ensure efficient signal radiation and reception, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution antennas.
[0176] FIG. 34 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 34, the radial lines represent different angles, and the concentric circles represent the gain levels in dB. The radiation pattern demonstrates the uniformity and omnidirectionality of the antenna's radiation at a specific frequency band. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern in the 900 MHz band is less than 1.3, indicating a highly uniform radiation pattern.
[0177] FIG. 35 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 35, the radiation pattern is depicted with multiple curves, each representing a different frequency band within the antenna's operating range. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern is less than 1.2. As compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna depicted in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 is improved, ensuring consistent signal strength in all directions.
[0178] The horizontal radiation patterns in FIG. 34 and FIG. 35 confirm that the designed antenna maintains a consistent and uniform radiation pattern across its operating frequency bands. The low non-circularity values ensure that the antenna provides stable and reliable signal coverage in all directions, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution applications. The improved omnidirectional radiation performance, compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, highlights the effectiveness of the design modifications.
[0179] FIG. 36 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 36, the Smith chart illustrates the impedance matching of the designed antenna across its operating frequency range. The chart indicates stable and consistent matching across all frequency bands. The impedance matching for the 900 MHz band has significantly improved compared to FIG. 8, as confirmed by the VSWR measurements. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern within the 900 MHz band has decreased. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, there is a noticeable improvement in gain. This indicates enhanced performance and more efficient radiation in these bands.
[0180] FIG. 37 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 38 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The antenna depicted in FIG. 37 and FIG. 38 differs from the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in that the ground structure GND does not have a circular shape. In some embodiments, the ground structure GND includes a first portion P1 and a second portion P2 connected to each other. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the first base substrate BS1 on the second base substrate BS2 at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first portion P1 on the second base substrate BS2; and is non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the second portion P2 on the second base substrate BS2. In some embodiments, the first portion P1 has a round corner rectangular shape, and the second portion P2 has a truncated circular shape. Optionally, the second portion P2 has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on a side of the circular structure. Optionally, the truncated edge of the second portion P2 is connected to a side of the first portion P1. Optionally, the truncated edge of the second portion P2 is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate BS1 intersects with the second base substrate BS2.
[0181] The ground structure GND having the truncated circular shape optimizes the impedance matching of the antenna, particularly within the 900 MHz frequency band. This structural alteration helps to improve the antenna's performance by minimizing signal reflection and enhancing power transfer efficiency.
[0182] FIG. 39 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 39, the values of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 1.8 across the entire operating frequency range. For most frequency bands, except the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands, the VSWR is less than 1.5. This low VSWR indicates good impedance matching, ensuring minimal reflection and efficient power transfer.
[0183] FIG. 40 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 40, the values of gain (dB (PeakRealizedGain) ) gain across the frequency range from 0.75 GHz to 2.75 GHz. The gain values for specific frequency bands are as follows: 900 MHz band: Gain > 1.4 dBi; 1800 MHz band: Gain > 4.3 dBi; F band: Gain > 5.1 dBi; A band: Gain > 5.4 dBi; E band: Gain > 4.9 dBi; WLAN band: Gain > 5.3 dBi; and D band: Gain > 6.0 dBi. These gain values represent the maximum radiation direction gain, confirming the antenna's efficiency and suitability for indoor distribution applications.
[0184] The VSWR and gain results confirm that the designed antenna performs well across its intended operating frequency bands. The low VSWR values indicate good impedance matching, while the high gain values ensure efficient signal radiation and reception, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution antennas.
[0185] FIG. 41 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 41, the radial lines represent different angles, and the concentric circles represent the gain levels in dB. The radiation pattern demonstrates the uniformity and omnidirectionality of the antenna's radiation at a specific frequency band. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern in the 900 MHz band is less than 1.4, indicating a highly uniform radiation pattern.
[0186] FIG. 42 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 42, the radiation pattern is depicted with multiple curves, each representing a different frequency band within the antenna's operating range. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern is less than 1.2. As compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna depicted in FIG. 37 and FIG. 38 is improved, ensuring consistent signal strength in all directions.
[0187] The horizontal radiation patterns in FIG. 41 and FIG. 42 confirm that the designed antenna maintains a consistent and uniform radiation pattern across its operating frequency bands. The low non-circularity values ensure that the antenna provides stable and reliable signal coverage in all directions, meeting the requirements for indoor distribution applications. The improved omnidirectional radiation performance, compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, highlights the effectiveness of the design modifications.
[0188] FIG. 43 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 43, the Smith chart illustrates the impedance matching of the designed antenna across its operating frequency range. The chart indicates stable and consistent matching across all frequency bands. The impedance matching for the 900 MHz band has significantly improved compared to FIG. 8, as confirmed by the VSWR measurements. The non-circularity of the radiation pattern within the 900 MHz band has decreased. For frequency bands other than the 900 MHz band, there is a noticeable improvement in gain. This indicates enhanced performance and more efficient radiation in these bands.
[0189] Referring to Embodiments depicted in FIG. 2 to FIG. 43, the inventors of the present disclosure discover that the influence of the ground structure GND layer of the antenna is primarily dependent on its size along a second direction DR2, with relatively minor influence from its size and shape along a first direction DR1. The first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 are parallel to a surface of the second base substrate BS2. Optionally, the first direction DR1 is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate BS1 intersects with the second base substrate BS2. Optionally, the second direction DR2 is perpendicular to the first direction DR1. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the monopole antenna according to the present disclosure can be considered a special type of dipole antenna, where one half of the dipole is folded into the ground structure GND. Consequently, the performance of the antenna is largely determined by the size of the ground structure GND.
[0190] FIG. 44 shows current distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. FIG. 45 shows electric field distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. FIG. 46 shows current distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24. FIG. 47 shows electric field distributions at 880 MHz on a surface of a radiation patch of the antenna depicted in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24. Comparing the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 with the antenna depicted in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, there is a significant improvement in VSWR and impedance matching within the 900 MHz band. This improvement is supported by analyzing the current distribution and electric field distribution on the surface of the radiation patch at 880 MHz, as shown in FIG. 44 to FIG. 47. The electric field distribution chart indicates that, after extending the size of the ground structure, the region of minimum electric field on the radiation patch has become significantly smaller.
[0191] FIG. 48 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 49 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. As compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the radiation patch RD of the antenna depicted in FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 has a structure different from the radiation patch RD of the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Specifically, the radiation patch RD of the antenna depicted in FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 does not includes the one or more coils C, the one or more coupling branches CB, or the first slot ST1. The radiation patch RD of the antenna depicted in FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 includes a main body MB. The antenna depicted in FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 includes one or more second slots ST2 extending through the main body MB. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 (e.g., two second slots) , with respect to each other, have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2, bisecting the radiation patch RD, and perpendicular to the first base substrate BS1 and the second base substrate BS2. The one or more second slots ST2 are configured to achieve impedance matching by adjusting the distribution of current on the antenna structure. This adjustment allows the antenna to better match the impedance of the transmission line or source, minimizing reflection and power loss. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to tune the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The one or more second slots can effectively create multiple resonant paths, enabling the antenna to operate efficiently at different desired frequencies, making it suitable for multi-band applications. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna. By introducing multiple resonant modes, slots help the antenna maintain a low Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) over a wider range of frequencies, ensuring better performance across multiple bands. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to shape and control the radiation pattern of the antenna. They can be designed to direct the radiation in specific patterns or directions, improving the overall radiation characteristics of the antenna. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 are further configured to balance the radiation pattern across different frequency bands. This reduces the non-circularity of the horizontal radiation pattern, ensuring consistent performance in all directions.
[0192] FIG. 50 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. As compared to FIG. 4, the impedance matching (VSWR) at low and high frequencies requires further optimization.
[0193] FIG. 51 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. As compared to FIG. 5, the gain meets the usage requirements across the entire operating frequency range.
[0194] FIG. 52 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 53 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. As compared to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern meets the required standards. This indicates that the antenna maintains good omnidirectional characteristics across the frequency bands.
[0195] FIG. 54 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 54, the Smith chart in Figure 30 indicates that the convergence of the S-parameters is not as good as that depicted in FIG. 8. Further optimization of impedance matching is needed to improve overall performance.
[0196] FIG. 55 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 56 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The antenna depicted in FIG. 55 and FIG. 56 differs from the antenna depicted in FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 in that the ground structure GND does not have a circular shape. In some embodiments, the ground structure GND includes a first portion P1 and a second portion P2 connected to each other. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the first base substrate BS1 on the second base substrate BS2 at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first portion P1 on the second base substrate BS2; and is non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the second portion P2 on the second base substrate BS2. In some embodiments, the first portion P1 has a truncated circular shape, and the second portion P2 has a rectangular or square shape. Optionally, the first portion P1 has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on a side of the circular structure. Optionally, the truncated edge of the first portion P1 is connected to a side of the second portion P2. Optionally, the truncated edge of the first portion P1 is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate BS1 intersects with the second base substrate BS2. As compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 48 and FIG. 49, a size of the ground structure GND of the antenna depicted in FIG. 55 and FIG. 56 increases along the second direction DR2.
[0197] FIG. 57 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 58 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 57 and FIG. 58, VSWR and gain data indicate that extending the size of the ground structure along the second direction significantly improves impedance matching in the 900 MHz band, achieving a VSWR < 1.5. However, extending the size of the ground structure along the second direction does not improve the VSWR in other frequency bands, suggesting that the size of the ground structure along the second direction is a sensitive parameter primarily for the 900 MHz band.
[0198] FIG. 59 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 60 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 59 and FIG. 60, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern in the 900 MHz band decreases as compared to the antenna depicted in FIG. 48 and FIG. 49.
[0199] FIG. 61 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 61, the Smith chart further verifies that the 900 MHz band impedance matching has moved towards the capacitive direction, indicating improved matching. The impedance matching for other frequency bands remains largely unchanged, confirming the sensitivity of the reflector plate size primarily in the 900 MHz band.
[0200] FIG. 62 is a front view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 63 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The antenna depicted in FIG. 62 and FIG. 63 differs from the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in that the first slot ST1 of the antenna depicted in FIG. 62 and FIG. 63 has a shape that is different from a shape of the first slot ST1 of the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. In the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the first slot ST1 has a circular shape. In the antenna depicted in FIG. 62 and FIG. 63, the first slot ST1 has a rectangular shape.
[0201] FIG. 64 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 65 shows a correlation between values of gain and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 66 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 67 shows a two-dimensional horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 68 shows a Smith chart of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 64 to FIG. 68, the VSWR, the gain, the radiation pattern, the non-circularity, the impedance matching, and the S-parameter of the antenna depicted in FIG. 62 and FIG. 63 do not change significantly from those of the antenna depicted in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that changing the slot shape from circular to rectangular at the center of the radiation patch does not significantly affect the antenna's VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, or impedance matching. The antenna's performance remains consistent regardless of the slot shape. The shape of the slot at the center of the radiation patch is not limited to the circular or rectangular shapes.
[0202] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form or to exemplary embodiments disclosed. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its best mode practical application, thereby to enable persons skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use or implementation contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents in which all terms are meant in their broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated. Therefore, the term “the invention” , “the present invention” or the like does not necessarily limit the claim scope to a specific embodiment, and the reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention does not imply a limitation on the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The invention is limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Moreover, these claims may refer to use “first” , “second” , etc. following with noun or element. Such terms should be understood as a nomenclature and should not be construed as giving the limitation on the number of the elements modified by such nomenclature unless specific number has been given. Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated that variations may be made in the embodiments described by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. Moreover, no element and component in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element or component is explicitly recited in the following claims.
Claims
1.An antenna, comprising a first base substrate, a radiation patch on the first base substrate, a second base substrate, a feed structure, and a ground structure on the second base substrate;wherein the first base substrate and the second base substrate are substantially perpendicular to each other;the radiation patch and the ground structure are substantially perpendicular to each other;the ground structure comprises a conductive mesh structure;the radiation patch comprises a conductive mesh structure;the radiation patch comprises a main body; andthe antenna comprises one or more irregularly shaped slots extending through the radiation patch, wherein a contour of at least one of the one or more irregularly shaped slots comprises at least one curved edge.2.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiation patch has a substantially elliptical shape at a first portion, and an arcuate shape at a second portion;wherein the first portion is on a side of the second portion away from the feed structure.3.The antenna of claim 1, wherein a distance between a feed point of the feed structure and a point of the radiation patch furthest to the feed point is in a range of 0.9×1 / 4 λ to 1.1×1 / 4 λ;a distance between the feed point of the feed structure and a point of the ground structure furthest to the feed point is in a range of 0.9×1 / 4 λ to 1.1 ×1 / 4λ; andwherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.4.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna further comprises at least one first slot extending through the main body;the at least one first slot is substantially at the center of the main body; anda central axis of the radiation patch crosses over the at least one first slot.5.The antenna of claim 4, further comprising one or more second slots extending through the main body;wherein the at least one first slot extends through the radiation patch at a first position;the one or more second slots extend through the radiation patch at one or more second positions;the first position is on a side of the one or more second positions away from a feed point of the feed structure; anda contour of a respective second slot of the one or more second slots comprises at least one arcuate edge.6.The antenna of claim 1, further comprising one or more third slots extending through the radiation patch;a respective third slot of the one or more third slots has a spiral shape;the one or more third slots comprise at least two spiral slots;the at least two spiral slots are between the at least one first slot and a fed point of the feed structure; andthe at least two spiral slots have a substantial mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting the first base substrate and the second base substrate, bisecting the radiation patch, and perpendicular to the first base substrate and the second base substrate.7.The antenna of claim 6, wherein the at least two spiral slots and the at least one first slot partially overlap.8.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiation patch further comprises one or more coupling branches;wherein the one or more coupling branches surround a portion of the main body.9.The antenna of claim 8, wherein the one or more coupling branches comprise a first branch on a side of the main body away from a feed point of the feed structure, a second branch and a third branch on a side of the main body closer to the feed point of the feed structure;the first branch has a shape conforming to a contour of the radiation patch; and / orthe second branch and the third branch are spaced apart from each other.10.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground structure has a substantially circular shape.11.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground structure has a circular shape that is truncated on at least one side and / or at least a shape merged with the circular shape that is truncated on the at least one side.12.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground structure comprises a first portion and a second portion connected to each other;the first portion has a truncated circular shape;the second portion has a rectangular or square shape;the first portion has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on a side of the circular structure that is truncated on the one side;the truncated edge of the first portion is connected to a side of the second portion; andthe truncated edge of the first portion is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate intersects with the second base substrate.13.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground structure comprises a first portion and a second portion connected to each other;the first portion has a truncated circular shape;the second portion has a rectangular or square shape;the first portion has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on two sides, creating two truncated edges on two opposite side of the circular structure;one of the two truncated edges of the first portion is connected to a side of the second portion;each truncated edge of the first portion is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate intersects with the second base substrate;a shortest distance between a feed point of the feed structure to a truncated edge on a side opposite to the second portion is in a range of 0.1 to 0.15 λ; anda shortest distance between the feed point of the feed structure to an edge of the rectangular or square shape on a side opposite to the first portion is 0.25 λ;wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.14.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground structure comprises a first portion and a second portion connected to each other;the first portion has a round corner rectangular shape;the second portion has a truncated circular shape;the second portion has a truncated circular shape that is truncated on one side, creating a truncated edge on a side of the circular structure;the truncated edge of the second portion is connected to a side of the first portion; andthe truncated edge of the second portion is substantially parallel to a line of intersection where the first base substrate intersects with the second base substrate.15.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the antenna is a multi-band and wide-band antenna configured to operate in multiple frequency bands including 900 MHz band, 1800 MHz band, F band, A band, E band, WLAN band, and D band.16.The antenna of claim 15, wherein the antenna's horizontal directional pattern in all of the multiple frequency bands have a non-circularity of less than 1.5.17.The antenna of claim 4, wherein the at least one first slot has a circular shape or a rectangular shape.18.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the ground structure is at least 30%transparent;and the radiation patch is at least 30%transparent.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Circularly polarized ceiling antenna
CN113922083A
Microstrip multi-frequency antenna loaded with via holes and branches
CN118232012A
Broadband monopole antenna
US20060055616A1
Super ultra wideband antenna
US20160380356A1
antenna
US20240258696A1