LOW DIELECTRIC CONSTANT UV-CURABLE INK-JET PRINTABLE COMPOSITIONS USING Si-C EPOXY MONOMERS
A UV-curable ink-jet printable composition using Si-C epoxy monomers addresses the limitations of siloxane-based materials by achieving a low dielectric constant and suitable viscosity, suitable for OLED encapsulants, enhancing production efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing UV-curable ink-jet printable compositions with low dielectric constants often rely on siloxane components, which are undesirable, and they require viscosities that are too high for efficient application in OLED production, particularly as encapsulants.
A UV-curable ink-jet printable composition using Si-C epoxy monomers with viscosities of 35 milliPascals*s or less, free of siloxanes, achieving a dielectric constant of 2.73 or less, composed of Si-containing monoepoxy and diepoxy functional monomers, photoacid generators, sensitizers, and optionally surfactants, applied and cured with UV light.
The composition achieves the desired low dielectric constant and suitable viscosity for ink-jet application, providing a viable encapsulant for OLED structures without the drawbacks of siloxanes, ensuring effective and efficient production.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024117527-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024117527-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024117527-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
LOW DIELECTRIC CONSTANT UV-CURABLE INK-JET PRINTABLE COMPOSITIONS USING Si-C EPOXY MONOMERSFIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a UV-curable and ink-jet printable curable composition that contains monomers with Si-C bonds and that cures to form a material having a dielectric constant (Dk) that is 2.73 or less as measured according to the method described herein below.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Low dielectric constant materials are useful in organic light emitting diode (OLED) structures, particularly as an encapsulant over an emitting layer of the OLED structure. “Low dielectric constant” as used herein refers to a composition that cures to form a material that has a dielectric constant (Dk) that is 2.73 or less as measured according to the test method described hereinbelow. Notably, Dk values can be highly dependent on the test method for measuring them so it is important to consider Dk values in combination with the method with which they were measured.
[0004] UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk compositions are particularly desirable for their ease in application to OLED production. To be satisfactorily ink-jet printable, the composition desirably has a viscosity of 35 milliPascals*s (mPa*s) or less, preferably 30 mPa*sor less, and more preferably 25 mPa*sor less at 40 ℃, even more desirable also at 25 ℃.
[0005] Popular low dielectric constant materials comprise siloxane components in order to achieve these desirable properties. It is desirable to identify a new UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition that does not require siloxane components.SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention provides a new UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition that does not requires siloxane components, and that has a viscosity of 35 milliPascals*s (mPa*s) or less, typically 30 mPa*sor less, and more typically 25 mPa*sor less at 40 ℃, and typically also at 25 ℃. The composition cures to a material that has a Dk that is 2.73 or less, preferably 2.70 or less, more preferably 2.65 or less, and can be 2.60 or less. Unlike siloxane compositions, the present UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk compositions utilize epoxy-functional monomers with silicon-carbon (Si-C) bonds. In fact, the compositions of the present invention can be free of siloxanes.
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention is an ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition comprising the following components: (a) 20 to 75 weight-percent of Si-containing monoepoxy functional monomer selected from: (i) Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers having an average structure (I) : X- [Y- (SiR12) ] a-Y'SiR23 (I)
[0008] where: X is an organic epoxy functional group; Y and Y' are independently in each occurrence selected from a group of alkylenes that have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R1 is independently in each occurrence selected from alkyl groups containing from one to 20 carbon atoms; R2 is independently in each occurrence selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups containing from one to 20 carbon atoms; subscript a is the average number of [Y- (SiR12) ] groups per molecule and has a value in a range of zero to 5; and (ii) monoepoxy functional siloxane monomers; (b) 20 to 75 weight-percent of Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer selected from; (i) Si-C diepoxy functional monomer having an average structure (II) : X-Y'- (SiR12) - [Y- (SiR12) ] a'-Y'-X (II)
[0009] where X, Y, Y', R1, R2 are as described above; subscript a'has a value in a range of zero to 5 provided that the concentration of any Si-C diepoxy functional monomer with a'equal to zero is zero to 50 weight-percent; and (ii) diepoxy functional siloxane monomer; (c) 0.1 to 3.0 weight-percent of a photo acid generator; (d) 0.01 to 0.20 weight-percent of a sensitizer; and (e) optionally, a surfactant; wherein the combined weight-percent of components (a) (i) and (b) (i) is in a range of 35 to 99.5; the combined weight-percent of components (a) (ii) and (b) (ii) is in a range of zero to 60 weight-percent; the ratio of the weight-percent of component (a) divided by the weight-percent of component (b) is in a range of 20 / 80 and 80 / 20; and weight-percent values are relative to weight of the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable composition.
[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention is a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of the first aspect; (b) optionally, applying the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition to a substrate; and (c) curing the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition by exposing the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable composition to ultraviolet light.
[0011] In a third aspect, the present invention is an article comprising the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of the first aspect.
[0012] The composition of the present invention is useful as a UV-curable encapsulating material, particularly in OLED structures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Products identified by their tradename refer to the materials available under those tradenames on the priority date of this document.
[0014] “Multiple” means two or more. “And / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated.
[0015] Weight-percent (wt%) herein is relative to UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition weight unless otherwise stated.
[0016] “Si-containing” refers to a compound that contains at least one silicon atom.
[0017] “Silicone” , “siloxane” , and related terms containing “siloxane” such as “polysiloxane” and “organopolysiloxane” refer to materials that contain at least one silicone-oxygen-silicone (Si-O-Si) linkage.
[0018] In a first aspect, the present invention is an ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition. “Ultraviolet-curable” and “UV-curable” are interchangeably used to refer to capable of curing upon exposure to ultraviolet light. “Ink-jet printable” refers to being able to be deposited onto another material using ink-jet printing means. To be suitably ink-jet printable, a composition has a viscosity of 35 milliPascals*s (mPa*s) or less, typically 30 mPa*sor less, and more typically 25 mPa*sor less at 40 ℃, and desirably also has a viscosity of 35 milliPascals*s(mPa*s) or less, typically 30 mPa*sor less, and more typically 25 mPa*sor less at 25 ℃. “Low Dk” refers to have a dielectric constant (Dk) when cured that is 2.73 or less, preferably 2.70 or less, more preferably 2.65 or less, and most preferably 2.60 or less.
[0019] The UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition comprises: (a) Si-containing monoepoxy functional monomer; (b) Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer; (c) photoacid generator; (d) sensitizer; and (e) optionally, a surfactant.
[0020] (a) Si-Containing Monoepoxy Functional Monomer
[0021] The Si-containing monoepoxy functional monomer is present at a concentration in a range of 20 to 75 weight-percent (wt%) based on UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition weight. The Si-containing monoepoxy functional monomer can be present at a concentration of 20 wt%or more, 25 wt%or more, 30 wt%or more, 35 wt%or more, 40 wt%or more, 45 wt%or more, 50 wt%or more, 55 wt%or more, 60 wt%or more, even 65 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically present at a concentration of 70 wt%or less, and can be 65 wt%or less, 60 wt%or less, 55 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, 45 wt%or less, 40 wt%or less, 35 wt%or less, 30 wt%or less, even 25 wt%or less.
[0022] The Si-containing monoepoxy functional monomer is selected from any one or any combination of more than one Si-containing monoepoxy functional monomer selected from: (i) Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers; and (ii) monoepoxy functional siloxane monomers.
[0023] (a) (i) Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers
[0024] Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers contain silicon-carbon (Si-C) bonds and are free of siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds. The Si-C monoepoxy functional monomer is selected from monomers having an average structure (I) : X- [Y- (SiR12) ] a-Y'SiR23 (I)
[0025] where:
[0026] X is an organic epoxy functional group, meaning an organic group that contains an epoxy functionality. One particularly desirable organic epoxy functional group suitable as X has the following structure, where the dotted line indicates a bond to the rest of the molecule:
[0027] Y and Y' are independently in each occurrence selected form a group of alkylene that have from one to 20 carbon atoms; and can have one or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more, even 19 or more carbon atoms while at the same time typically has 20 or fewer, and can have 19 or fewer, 18 or fewer, 17 or fewer, 16 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 14 or fewer, 13 or fewer, 12 or fewer, 11 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, even 2 or fewer carbon atoms.
[0028] R1 is independently in each occurrence selected from alkyl groups containing from one to 20 carbon atoms; and can have one or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more, even 19 or more carbon atoms while at the same time typically has 20 or fewer, and can have 19 or fewer, 18 or fewer, 17 or fewer, 16 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 14 or fewer, 13 or fewer, 12 or fewer, 11 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, even 2 or fewer carbon atoms.
[0029] R2 is independently in each occurrence selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups as described for R1.
[0030] Subscript a is the average number of [Y- (SiR12) ] groups per molecule and has a value in a range of zero to 5; and can have a value of zero or more, one or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, even 4 or more, while at the same time is typically 5 or less, and can be 4 or less, 3 or less, even 2 or less.
[0031] Examples of suitable Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers include any one or any combination of more than one with an average structure (Ia) or (Ib) :
[0032] (a) (ii) monoepoxy functional siloxane monomers
[0033] The monoepoxy functional siloxane monomers generally can be selected from any monoepoxy functional siloxanes. Suitable monoepoxy functional siloxane monomers include any one or combination of more than one selected from those having the following average structure: X-Y-SiO (R) (OSiR22) 2
[0034] where X, Y, and R2 are as described previously above. For example, the monoepoxy functional siloxane monomer can have the following structure:
[0035] (b) Si-Containing Diepoxy Functional Monomer
[0036] The Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer is present at a concentration in a range of 20 to 75 wt%based on UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition weight. The Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer can be present at a concentration of 20 wt%or more, 25 wt%or more, 30 wt%or more, 35 wt%or more, 40 wt%or more, 45 wt%or more, 50 wt%or more, 55 wt%or more, 60 wt%or more, even 65 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically present at a concentration of 70 wt%or less, and can be 65 wt%or less, 60 wt%or less, 55 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, 45 wt%or less, 40 wt%or less, 35 wt%or less, 30 wt%or less, even 25 wt%or less.
[0037] Diepoxy functional monomers serve as crosslinker monomers in the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition. As the chain length between epoxy functional groups in diepoxy functional monomers decreases, the resulting glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resulting cured composition tends to increase. So it is possible to tune the Tg of the resulting cured composition somewhat by selection of the chain length between epoxy functional groups in the diepoxy functional monomers. It has also been discovered, as noted below, that the Dk value can increase if there is too much short chain diepoxy functional monomers present.
[0038] The Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer is selected from any one or any combination of more than one Si-containing diepoxy functional monomers selected from (i) Si-C diepoxy functional monomers; and (ii) diepoxy functional siloxane monomers.
[0039] (b) (i) Si-C diepoxy functional monomers
[0040] Si-C diepoxy functional monomers contain Si-C bonds and are free of siloxane bonds. The Si-C diepoxy functional monomers are selected from monomer having an average structure (II) : X-Y'- (SiR12) - [Y- (SiR12) ] a'-Y'-X (II)
[0041] where X, Y, Y', R1, R2 are as described herein above; and subscript a'has a value in a range of zero to 5 provided that the concentration of any Si-C diepoxy functional monomer with a'equal to zero is zero to 50 wt%. The value of a'can be zero or more, one or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, even 4 or more, while at the same time is typically 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, or even one or less. The concentration of Si-C diepoxy functional monomers having a'equal to zero serve as short chain crosslinkers and can detrimentally increase Dk properties to greater than 2.73 for the cured UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition if present at too high of a concentration. Desirably, Si-C diepoxy functional monomers having a'equal to zero are present at a concentration in a range of zero to 50 wt%, and can be in a range of zero to 45 wt%.
[0042] Examples of desirable Si-C diepoxy functional monomers include any one or any combination or more than one of the monomers selected from those having average structures (IIa) and (IIb) :
[0043] (b) (ii) diepoxy functional siloxane monomers
[0044] The diepoxy functional siloxane monomers generally can be selected from any diepoxy functional siloxanes. Suitable diepoxy functional siloxane monomers include any one or any combination of more than one selected from those having the following average structure: X-Y-SiR12-O-SiR12- (R12SiO) n-Y-X (III)
[0045] where X, Y, and R1 are as described herein above and subscript n has a value in a range of zero to 6 and can be zero or more, one or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, even 5 or more, while at the same time is typically 6 or less, and can be 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, even one or less. One example of a suitable diepoxy functional siloxane monomer has the following structure (IIIa) :
[0046] The combined wt%of components (a) (i) and (b) (i) is in a range of 35 to 99.5 wt%in order to achieve the desired properties for the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition. The combined wt%of components (a) (i) and (b) (i) can be 35 wt%or more, 40 wt%or more, 45 wt%or more, 50 wt%or more, 55 wt%or more, 60 wt%or more, 65 wt%or more, 70 wt%or more, 75 wt%or more, 80 wt%or more, 85 wt%or more, 90 wt%or more, 95 wt%or more, even 99 wt%or more while at the same time is typically 99.5 wt%or less and can be 99 wt%or less, 95 wt%or less, 90 wt%or less, 85 wt%or less, 80 wt%or less, 75 wt%or less, 70 wt%or less, 65 wt%or less, 60 wt%or less, 55 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, 45 wt%or less, even 40 wt%or less. Desirably, the concentration of both (a) (i) and (b) (i) are each greater than zero wt%. When the concentration of both (a) (i) and (b) (i) are each greater than zero wt%, then the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition can be free of epoxy-functional siloxane.
[0047] The combined wt%of component (a) (ii) and (b) (ii) is in a range of zero to 60 wt%in order to achieve the desired properties for the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition. The combined wt%of components (a) (ii) and (b) (ii) can be zero wt%or more, 5 wt%or more, 10 wt%or more, 15 wt%or more, 20 wt%or more, 25 wt%or more, 30 wt%or more, 35 wt%or more, 40 wt%or more, 45 wt%or more, 50 wt%or more, even 55 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 60 wt%or less, 55 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, 45 wt%or less, 40 wt%or less, 35 wt%or less, 30 wt%or less, 25 wt%or less, 20 wt%or less, 15 wt%or less, 10 wt%or less, or even 5 wt%or less.
[0048] The ratio of the wt%of component (a) divided by the wt%of component (b) is in a range of 0.25 to 4.0 in order to achieve the desired properties for the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition. Wt%of component (a) refers to the combined weight of (a) (i) and (a) (ii) components. Wt%of component (b) refers to the combined weight of (b) (i) and (b) (ii) components. The ratio of wt%of component (a) divided by wt%of component (b) can be 0.25 or more, 0.30 or more, 0.40 or more, 0.50 or more, 0.60 or more, 0.70 or more, 0.80 or more, 0.90 or more, 1.0 or more, 1.2 or more, 1.4 or more, 1.6 or more, 1.8 or more, 2.0 or more, 2.2 or more, 2.4 or more, 2.6 or more, 3.0 or more, 3.2 or more, 3.4 or more, 3.6 or more, even 3.8 or more, while at the same time is typically 4.0 or less, and can be 3.8 or less, 3.6 or less, 3.4 or less, 3.2 or less, 3.0 or less, 2.8 or less, 2.6 or less, 2.4 or less, 2.2 or less, 2.0 or less, 1.8 or less, 1.6 or less, 1.4 or less, 1.2 or less, 1.0 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, even 0.3 or less.
[0049] For the Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers and Si-C diepoxy functional monomers, it is possible for the monomers to have structures (I) and (II) , respectively, where X in each occurrence has the following structure, where the dotted line indicates a bond to the rest of the molecule:
[0050] Y is in each occurrence an alkylene having 2 carbon atoms; R1 is in each occurrence a methyl group; Y'is an alkylene having 2 or 3 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-hexyl, and n-octadecyl; subscript a has a value of zero, one, or two; and subscript a'has a value of one.
[0051] In one example of a desirable UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition:
[0052] (a) the monoepoxy functional monomer is one or a combination of Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers with the following average structures (Ia) and (Ib) , where the concentration of (Ia) is in a range of 30 to 60 weight-percent and the concentration of (Ib) is in a range of zero to 15 weight-percent:
[0053] (b) the Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer is present at a concentration in a range of 30 to 50 weight-percent and is selected from one or any combination of more than one having the following average structure (IIa) , (IIb) and (IIIa) :
[0054] where the UV-curable ink-jet printable composition further comprises an organic diepoxy-functional monomer in a concentration range of zero to 10 weight-percent that has the following average structure (IV) :
[0055] where weight-percent values are relative to weight of the UV-curable ink-jet printable composition.
[0056] (c) Photoacid Generator (PAG)
[0057] PAGs become acidic upon exposure to light and, as such, act as photo initiators for acid catalyzed reactions. PAGs typically become acidic by dissociating to form strong acids or dissociated protons upon exposure to light. One common type of PAG include triphenyl sulfonium salts. Examples of PAGs include 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, bis (4-dodecylphenyl) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate; (p-dodecylphenyl) (p-methylphenyl) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate; (p-isopropylphenyl) (p-methylphenyl) iodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate; diphenyliodonium nitrate, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, (4-fluorophenyl) diphenylsulfonium triflate, N-hydroxynaphthalimide triflate, (4-iodophenyl) diphenylsulfonium triflate, (4-methoxyphenyl) diphenylsulfonium triflate, (4-phenoxyphenyl) diphenylsulfonium triflate, triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, triphenyl sulfonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfanate, triphenyl sulfonium triflate, tris (4-tert-buityphenyl) sulfonium perflulro-1-butanesulfonate, bis (4- tert-butylphenyl) iodonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate, and bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium p-toluenesulfonate.
[0058] The concentration of PAG in the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition is 0.1 wt%or more, and can be 0.2 wt%or more, 0.4 wt%or more, 0.6 wt%or more, 0.8 wt%or more, 1.0 wt%or more, 1.2 wt%or more, even 1.4 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 3 wt%or less and can be 2 wt%or less, 1.5 wt%or less, 1.0 wt%or less, 0.9 wt%or less, 0.8 wt%or less, 0.7 wt%or less, even 0.65 wt%or less.
[0059] (d) Sensitizer
[0060] Sensitizers can be desirable to help absorb UV light and accelerate PAG acid release -basically, increase photo efficiency of the composition. Examples of suitable sensitizers include any one or any combination of more than one thioxanthone and / or substituted thioxanthone materials. Suitable sensitizers include 2-isopropylthoxanthone (CAS#5495-84-1) .
[0061] The concentration of sensitizer in the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition is zero wt%or more, and can be 0.01 wt%or more, 0.03 wt%or more, 0.05 wt%or more, 0.10 wt%or more, even 0.15 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 0.20 wt%or less, 0.15 wt%or less, 0.10 wt%or less, 0.05 wt%or less, or even 0.04 wt%or less.
[0062] (e) Surfactant
[0063] The UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition optionally can contain one or more than one surfactant. Surfactants can be useful to compatibilize components in the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition. Suitable surfactants include polyether modified polydimethyl siloxane such as that commercially available under the name BYKTM-378 and secondary alcohol ethoxylates such as those commercially available under the name TERGITOLTM 15-S-9. BYK is a trademark of BYK-Chemie GMBH. TERGITOL is a trademark of Union Carbide Corporation.
[0064] The UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition can further comprise, or be free of, any one or any combination of more than one additional components. For example, the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition can be free of amido-containing organosilicon compounds. Additionally, or alternatively, the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition can optionally contain an organic diepoxy functional monomer. One example of a suitable organic diepoxy functional monomer has the following average structure (IV) :
[0065] The organic diepoxy functional monomer having average structure (IV) is a short chain crosslinker monomer without much flexibility between epoxy functional groups. As a result, in order to achieve a Dk value for the cured UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition, the concentration of organic diepoxy functional monomer (IV) is desirably 15 wt%or less, preferably 10 wt%or less.
[0066] In a second aspect, the present invention is a process for curing the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of the present invention, the process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of any one previous claim; (b) optionally, applying the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition to a substrate; and (c) curing the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition by exposing the UV-curable ink-jet printable composition to ultraviolet light.
[0067] In a third aspect, the present invention is an article that comprises the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of the present invention. The UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition can be in a non-cured or a cured state. The article can further comprise a substrate with the UV-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition can be on at least a portion of the substrate.
[0068] EXAMPLES
[0069] Table 1 lists components for use in the procedures below. BYK is a trademark of BYK-Chemie GMBH. TERGITOL is a trademark of Union Carbide Corporation.
[0070] Table 1
[0071] Synthesis of 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5-heptamethyl-3 [2- (7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptan-3-yl) ethyl] trisiloxane (component (a) (ii) -1)
[0072] Place 133.6 g of 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5-heptamethyltrisiloxane (Millipore Sigma) , 0.01 g Karstedt catalyst (Millipore Sigma) and 0.034 g of 2, 6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol (Fisher Scientific) into a three-neck flask. Purge the three-neck flask repeatedly with nitrogen gas to obtain an inert atmosphere. Add dropwise to the three-neck flask 80.72 g of vinylcylcohexene mono-oxide (BOC Sciences) at 100 ℃ over a period of 110 minutes. Heat the contents of the three-neck flask to 110 ℃ for 2-5 hours. Remove volatile component in vacuo to achieve a 94%yield (195.35 g) of a pale yellow oil having a viscosity of 7milliPascal*seconds. Characterize the produce with 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy.
[0073] Synthesis of Si-C Monoepoxy Functional Monomers
[0074] Synthesis of (a) (i) -1:
[0075] To a 100 milliliter (mL) three-neck flask add 6.24 g of Raw Material 2 and 5.81 g of Raw Material 1 under nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 10.0 milligrams (mg) Karstedt's Catalyst (5000 ppm in isopropanol) into 3.0 mL toluene to form a catalyst solution. Add the catalyst solution dropwise to the three-neck flask at zero degrees Celsius (℃) , then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 80 ℃ and stir for 5 hours. Remove solvents under vacuum and purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) to obtain a colorless oil as (a) (i) -1.10.80 g yield, 90%, GC-MS purity: 98.15%yield.
[0076] Synthesis of (a) (i) -2:
[0077] To a 100 mL three-neck flask add 1.25 g Raw Material 2 and 3.13 g of Raw Material 3 under nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 10.0 mg Karstedt's Catalyst (5000 ppm in isopropanol) into 2.0 mL toluene to form a catalyst solution. Add the catalyst solution dropwise to the three-neck flask at zero ℃, then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 80 ℃ and stir for 5 hours. Remove solvents under vacuum and purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) to obtain a colorless oil as (a) (i) -2. 4.0 g yield, 91%yield.
[0078] Synthesis of (a) (i) -3:
[0079] To a 250 mL three-neck flask add 19.56 g Raw Material 2 and 25.00 g of Raw Material 7 under nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 300.0 mg Karstedt's Catalyst (5000 ppm in isopropanol) into 5.0 mL toluene to form a catalyst solution. Add the catalyst solution dropwise to the three-neck flask at zero degrees ℃, then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 80 ℃ and stir for 12 hours. Remove solvents under vacuum. Initially purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) and then purify again using reduced-pressure distillation to obtain a colorless oil as (a) (i) -3.8.83 g yield, 20%yield.
[0080] Synthesis of (a) (i) -4:
[0081] To a 100 mL three-neck flask equipped with a reflux condenser and magnetic stir bar, add under nitrogen 0.01 g of a 1%Karstedt'Catalyst / isopropanol solution and 2.48 g Raw Material 2. Warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 80 ℃ and then dropwise add 2.85 g Raw Material 8. Allow the reaction to proceed for 12 hours to obtain a crude product. Purify the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -15: 1) and then vacuum distillation to obtain a colorless oil as (a) (i) -4.0.82 g yield, 20%yield.
[0082] Synthesis of (a) (i) -5:
[0083] To a 250 mL three-neck flask add 8.69 g Raw Material 2, 10.25 g of Raw Material 4, and 100 mL toluene under nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 100.0 mg Karstedt's Catalyst (5000 ppm in isopropanol) into 10.0 mL toluene to form a catalyst solution. Add the catalyst solution dropwise to the three-neck flask at zero degrees ℃, then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 50 ℃ and stir for one hour. Remove solvents under vacuum. Purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) to obtain a colorless oil as (a) (i) -5.14.07 g yield, 74%yield.
[0084] Synthesis of (a) (i) -6:
[0085] To a 100 mL three-neck flask add 10.00 g (a) (i) -5 and 4.80 g Raw Material 6 under nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 300.0 mg Karstedt's Catalyst (5000 ppm in isopropanol) into 5.0 mL toluene to form a catalyst solution. Add the catalyst solution dropwise to the three-neck flask at zero ℃, then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 80 ℃ and stir for 24 hours. Remove solvents under vacuum and purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) to obtain a colorless oil as (a) (i) -6.12.10 g yield, 82%yield.
[0086] Synthesis of (a) (i) -7:
[0087] To a 100 mL three-neck flask add 5.40 g (a) (i) -5 and 2.28 g Raw Material 5 under nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 100.0 mg Karstedt's Catalyst (5000 ppm in isopropanol) into 2.0 mL toluene to form a catalyst solution. Add the catalyst solution dropwise to the three-neck flask at zero ℃, then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 80 ℃ and stir for 24 hours. Remove solvents under vacuum and purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) to obtain a colorless oil as (a) (i) -7.5.38 g yield, 70%yield.
[0088] Synthesis of (b) (i) -1:
[0089] To a 250 mL three-neck flask add 18.36 g Raw Material 2, 9.00 g Raw Material 4, and 80 mL of toluene under nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 180.0 mg Karstedt's Catalyst (5000 ppm in isopropanol) into 10.0 mL toluene to form a catalyst solution. Add the catalyst solution dropwise to the three-neck flask at zero ℃, then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 50 ℃ and stir for 2 hours. Remove solvents under vacuum and purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) to obtain a white waxy solid as (b) (i) -1. 20.30 g yield, 83%yield.
[0090] Synthesis of (b) (i) -2:
[0091] To a 100 mL three-neck flask add 17.88 g Raw Material 2, 5.29 g Raw Material 9, and 60 mL of toluene under nitrogen atmosphere. Add 30 mg of Rh (PPh3) 3Cl to the three-neck flask at zero ℃, then warm the contents of the three-neck flask to 50 ℃ and stir for 24 hours. Remove solvents under vacuum and purify the remaining residue by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether: ethyl acetate -10: 1) to obtain a colorless oil as (b) (i) -2.15.60 g yield, 77%yield.
[0092] Preparation and Characterization of UV Curable Compositions
[0093] Tables 2-5, below, present compositions of UV Curable Composition samples with wt%of each component of the formulation. Prepare the UV Curable Composition samples by combining together all of the components for the composition in their designated amounts and mixing to form a homogeneous mixture. UV Curable Composition should be liquid mixtures.
[0094] Viscosity
[0095] Characterize the viscosity for UV Curable Composition samples using an AR2000ex, TA Instrument (Geometry: 40 mm Al plate) with a shear rate of 100 s-1. Evaluate the viscosity over a range of 20 to 50 ℃ using a temperature ramp rate of 3 ℃ / minute. Report viscosity values at 25 ℃ and 40 ℃ in milliPascals*seconds (mPa*s) .
[0096] Dielectric Constant (Dk)
[0097] To characterize the Dk, first prepare films of the compositions by spin coating them onto an FTO glass (50 mm x 50 mm) at 2000 revolutions per minute for 10 seconds. Cure the resulting films by exposing them to 365 nanometer UV light with an energy of 2 Joules per square centimeter.
[0098] Measure the dielectric constant (Dk) for each cured sample using the following Dk Evaluation Technique. Values for Dk for a material depend on the method of measuring them. The present Dk Evaluation Technique utilizes a method of affixing an aluminum electrode directly to the cured silicone material, which has proven to be a more reproducible (+ / -0.02) than other methods that utilize an aluminum electrode affixed to cured silicone material by means of a film of oil. Dk values from the two different techniques differ slightly are not directly comparable.
[0099] Map the thickness of the spin coated cured film using a F50 Film Thickness Measurement Mapping Instrument from Filmetrics use 85 points over the area of the sample except exclude 3 mm along the edges using a wavelength of light fixed in a wavelength range from 832.6 to 958.667 nanometers. The thickness should be 8 micrometers + / -80%over the measurement area.
[0100] At a location on the sample that is 13 mm in diameter and that has a uniform thickness (thickness variation of less than 0.2 micrometers from the mapping evaluation) , use a polyethylene terephthalate mask to deposit a 13 mm diameter aluminum electrode.
[0101] Using the 13 mm diameter electrode, measure the capacitance between the aluminum electrode and the FTO glass substrate using an Agilent E4980A LCR Meter at 100 Herz and one volt. Calculate the Dk for the cured silicone film using the following equation and values: C=εS / d
[0102] where “C” is the capacitance of the film, ε is the permittivity where ε=ε0εr where ε0 is permittivity of a vacuum and εr is Dk, S is the area of the electrode, and d is the thickness of the cured silicone film.
[0103] Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
[0104] Prepared a cured composition sample by filling a syringe with sample composition and then filtering through a 0.45 micrometer hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene syringe filter into a silicone mold (5 cm x 1 cm x 4 mm deep) . Place the mold into a UV curing chamber (UVP CL 100L, 365 nm UV light) . Cure the sample with a dosage of 2 Joules of UV light per square centimeter to obtain a cured composition film for Tg testing.
[0105] Measure Tg by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using a DMA device DHR-III from TA Instruments with a tension fixture (width 11 mm, thickness 0.5 mm, and length 25 mm) . Use an oscillation temperature ramp over the range of -40 ℃ to 180 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃ per minute and use a strain of 0.1%.
[0106] Table 2a presents formulations that are free of siloxane monomers without any surfactant and the corresponding characterization of those samples.
[0107] Figure 2b presents formulations that are free of siloxane monomer that include surfactant and the corresponding characterization of those samples. Notably, three of the samples are also presented with Table 4 because they also contains an organic diepoxy functional crosslinker.
[0108] Table 3a presents formulations that include a siloxane monoepoxy functional monomer with siloxane free diepoxy monomers and the corresponding characterization of those samples.
[0109] Table 3b presents formulations that include a siloxane diepoxy functional monomer with siloxane free monoepoxy functional monomers and the corresponding characterization of those samples. Notably, one of the samples is presented with Table 4 because it also contains an organic diepoxy functional crosslinker.
[0110] Table 4 presents formulations that include an organic diepoxy functional crosslinker and the corresponding characterization of those samples.
[0111] Table 5 present comparative examples illustrating limitations formulations and the corresponding characterization of those samples.
[0112] Table 2a
[0113] **NM Tg was not measured for this sample
[0114] Table 3a
[0115] **NM Tg was not measured for this sample
[0116] Table 4
[0117] *Not measured. If viscosity at 25 ℃ is below 35 mPa*s, then viscosity at 40 ℃ will also be below 35 mPa*s
[0118] Table 5
[0119] *Not measured. If viscosity at 25 ℃ is below 35 mPa*s, then viscosity at 40 ℃ will also be below 35 mPa*s
[0120] **NM Tg was not measured for this sample
Claims
1.An ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition comprising the following components:(a) 20 to 75 weight-percent of Si-containing monoepoxy functional monomer selected from:(i) Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers having an average structure (I) :X- [Y- (SiR12) ] a-Y’SiR23 (I)where:X is an organic epoxy functional group;Y and Y’ are independently in each occurrence selected from a group of alkylenes that have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;R1 is independently in each occurrence selected from alkyl groups containing from one to 20 carbon atoms;R2 is independently in each occurrence selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups containing from one to 20 carbon atoms;subscript a is the average number of [Y- (SiR12) ] groups per molecule and has a value in a range of zero to 5; and(ii) monoepoxy functional siloxane monomers;(b) 20 to 75 weight-percent of Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer selected from:(i) Si-C diepoxy functional monomer having an average structure (II) :X-Y’- (SiR12) - [Y- (SiR12) ] a’-Y’-X (II)where X, Y, Y’, R1, R2 are as described above; subscript a’ has a value in a range of zero to 5 provided that the concentration of any Si-C diepoxy functional monomer with a’ equal to zero is zero to 50 weight-percent; and(ii) diepoxy functional siloxane monomers;(c) 0.1 to 3.0 weight-percent of a photo acid generator;(d) 0.01 to 0.20 weight-percent of a sensitizer; and(e) optionally, a surfactant;wherein:the combined weight-percent of components (a) (i) and (b) (i) is in a range of 35 to 99.5;the combined weight-percent of components (a) (ii) and (b) (ii) is in a range of zero to 60 weight-percent;the ratio of the weight-percent of component (a) divided by the weight-percent of component (b) is in a range of 20 / 80 and 80 / 20; andweight-percent values are relative to weight of the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable composition.2.The ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of claim 1, wherein the concentration of (a) (i) and the concentration of (b) (i) are each greater than zero weight-percent.3.The ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of claim 2, wherein the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition is free of epoxy-functional siloxane.4.The ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of any one previous claim, wherein:X in each occurrence has the following structure, where the dotted line indicates a bond to the rest of the molecule:Y is in each occurrence an alkylene having 2 carbon atoms;R1 is in each occurrence a methyl group;Y’ is an alkylene having 2 or 3 carbon atoms;R2 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-hexyl, and n-octadecyl;subscript a has a value of zero, one, or two; andsubscript a’ has a value of one.5.The ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of any one previous claim, wherein subscript a and a’ each have a value greater than zero.6.The ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of any one previous claim, wherein:(a) the monoepoxy functional monomer is one or a combination of Si-C monoepoxy functional monomers with the following average structures (Ia) and (Ib) , where the concentration of (Ia) is in a range of 30 to 60 weight-percent and the concentration of (Ib) is in a range of zero to 15 weight-percent:(b) the Si-containing diepoxy functional monomer is present at a concentration in a range of 30 to 50 weight-percent and is selected from one or any combination of more than one having the following average structure (IIa) , (IIb) and (IIIa) :where the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable composition further comprises an organic diepoxy-functional monomer in a concentration range of zero to 10 weight-percent that has the following average structure (IV) :where weight-percent values are relative to weight of the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable composition.7.The ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of any one previous claim, wherein the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable composition is free of amido-containing organosilicon compounds.8.A process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of any one previous claim; (b) optionally, applying the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition to a substrate; and (c) curing the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition by exposing the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable composition to ultraviolet light.9.An article comprising the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition of any one of claims 1 to 6.10.The article of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the ultraviolet-curable ink-jet printable low Dk composition is in a cured state.
Citation Information
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