Carbon fiber composite material with high frequency band damping performance and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of carbon fiber composite materials, and particularly relates to a carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping performance and a preparation method thereof. Through multi-component synergistic modification of an epoxy resin matrix, a nitrile rubber composition and a boron nitride composition, combined with carbon fiber surface treatment and a segmented curing process, a multi-scale damping energy dissipation network is constructed. The material exhibits excellent damping performance in a high-frequency vibration environment, while also having high mechanical strength and interfacial bonding force, which can significantly reduce the damage risk caused by vibration transmission of sports equipment, and is suitable for high-end sports equipment field, promoting the industrial application of carbon fiber composite materials in high-frequency damping scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of carbon fiber composite material technology, specifically relating to a carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of sports equipment, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have become a core material for high-end equipment due to their "lightweight, strong, and intelligent" characteristics. They support national strength in competitive sports and contribute to the Healthy China strategy in mass fitness activities. However, current research on CFRP composites focuses heavily on structural integrity indicators such as static / dynamic macroscopic strength and low-speed impact toughness, leaving significant technological gaps in frequency-varying damping characteristics, micro-buckling-induced energy dissipation, and joint vibration transmission suppression. For example, when a bicycle vibrates at 40Hz, a low-damped handlebar will transmit >80% of the vibration energy to the hand, leading to capillary constriction, reduced nerve conduction velocity, and long-term carpal tunnel syndrome, with a 37% increase in incidence among professional cyclists. Insufficiently damped tennis rackets can cause peak impact forces >800N (ideally <500N), easily resulting in tendon micro-tears.

[0003] Existing technologies mostly improve damping by adding rubber particles or inorganic fillers, but they have the following drawbacks: 1) Although non-reactive rubber (such as CTBN) can improve damping through physical phase separation, it will significantly reduce the mechanical properties of the material; 2) Traditional boron nitride (HBN) fillers are prone to a decrease in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) due to weak interfacial bonding; 3) Single-scale design cannot take into account molecular chain segment motion, interfacial slip and macroscopic structural energy dissipation, making it difficult to achieve efficient damping in a wide frequency range (40-500Hz).

[0004] Therefore, developing a carbon fiber composite material that combines high-frequency damping performance with excellent mechanical properties has become the key to breaking through the technological bottleneck of high-end sports equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties and its preparation method. The carbon fiber composite material prepared has both high-frequency damping properties and excellent mechanical properties.

[0006] A carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties, the raw materials for which are prepared include carbon fibers and a surface coating layer.

[0007] Preferably, the carbon fiber has a tow specification of 12K.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments, the carbon fiber is sourced from Toray Industries, Japan, T700SC.

[0009] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the surface coating layer include an epoxy resin matrix, a nitrile liquid rubber composition, and a boron nitride composition.

[0010] Preferably, the epoxy resin matrix is ​​prepared from raw materials including epoxy resin, curing agent, and accelerator.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the epoxy resin, curing agent, and accelerator is 100:(6-7):(1-1.5).

[0012] Preferably, the epoxy resin has an epoxy value of 0.51-0.54 eq / 100g and a viscosity of ≤15000 Pa·s at 25°C.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments, the epoxy resin is sourced from Shenzhen Yoshida Chemical Co., Ltd., and is epoxy resin E-51.

[0014] Preferably, the curing agent is dicyandiamide.

[0015] Preferably, the accelerator is a urea-based accelerator with a molecular weight of 250-270 and 98% of the particles having a diameter of <10μm.

[0016] In some preferred embodiments, the accelerator is from Azken Germany, specifically the organic urea accelerator UR500.

[0017] Preferably, the amount of the nitrile liquid rubber composition added is 25%-35% of the mass of epoxy resin in the epoxy resin matrix.

[0018] Preferably, the amount of boron nitride composition added is 13%-20% of the mass of epoxy resin in the epoxy resin matrix.

[0019] By selecting specific epoxy resin matrix raw materials and controlling the raw material mass ratio, it is possible to improve the high-frequency damping performance of carbon fiber composites while simultaneously enhancing their mechanical strength. This is because by controlling the addition amounts of curing agents and accelerators, the curing reaction follows a synergistic mechanism of "decomposition-diffusion-percolation," allowing the epoxy resin crosslinking density to reach a critical value, forming a dense network structure with excellent dynamic properties. On the one hand, moderate crosslinking inhibits excessive slippage of molecular chains, reducing dynamic modulus loss, while retaining some chain segment motion freedom, enhancing internal friction energy dissipation, and thus improving the high-frequency damping factor. On the other hand, by controlling the addition amount of curing agent, side reactions such as cyano clustering and amine chain termination caused by excessive curing agent are avoided, improving tensile strength and interfacial shear strength. Simultaneously, the addition of accelerators shortens the curing time, reduces porosity, further improving flexural strength and impact toughness, and achieving medium-temperature curing. Ultimately, this allows the epoxy resin matrix system to serve as a continuous "marine phase" supporting damping phases such as nitrile liquid rubber compositions and to provide a dispersion medium for boron nitride compositions.

[0020] Preferably, the nitrile liquid rubber composition comprises a first nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN) and a second nitrile liquid rubber (EPBN).

[0021] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first nitrile liquid rubber to the second nitrile liquid rubber is (3-5):(4-6).

[0022] Preferably, the first nitrile liquid rubber has a carboxyl content of 0.51~0.61 mmol / g and an acrylonitrile content of 22.1%~27.0%.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments, the first nitrile liquid rubber is sourced from Tianyuan Aviation Materials (Yingkou) Technology Co., Ltd., TY-CTBN-25.

[0024] Preferably, the preparation method of the second nitrile liquid rubber includes the following steps: heating the first nitrile liquid rubber to 65-75°C, adding epoxy resin and catalyst, raising the temperature to 110-120°C under nitrogen protection, reacting for 3 hours under magnetic stirring at 250-350 rpm, continuing the reaction and monitoring the carboxyl content until it drops to 40%-50% of the first nitrile liquid rubber, stopping the reaction, cooling to below 75°C, and adding acetone to adjust the viscosity at 25°C to 2000-5000 mPa·s, thus obtaining the final product.

[0025] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first nitrile liquid rubber to epoxy resin is 1:(1.5-2.5).

[0026] Preferably, the amount of catalyst added is 0.8%-1.2% of the mass of epoxy resin in the preparation method of the second nitrile liquid rubber.

[0027] Preferably, the catalyst comprises triphenylphosphine.

[0028] By preparing a second nitrile butadiene rubber (EPBN) and compounding non-reactive carbon butadiene rubber (CTBN) with reactive EPBN, the damping performance and impact toughness of carbon fiber composites were improved. This is because CTBN forms an "island structure" through physical dilution, and its rubber particles undergo interfacial slippage and internal friction under high-frequency vibration. Meanwhile, the epoxy groups at the ends of EPBN participate in cross-linking, covalently bonding the nitrile butadiene rubber segments to the epoxy network, forming a "rigid-flexible" interpenetrating structure. The two work synergistically to broaden the damping temperature and frequency domains, improving the damping performance in the high-frequency range. At the same time, the rubber phase of CTBN dissipates impact energy through internal friction, while the chemical bonding of EPBN inhibits crack propagation. The two work synergistically to improve the impact toughness of carbon fiber composites, achieving a balance between damping and strength. This reduces the peak impact force of sports equipment such as tennis rackets made from carbon fiber composites, thus reducing the risk of tendon tears in athletes.

[0029] Preferably, the boron nitride composition comprises a first boron nitride (HBN) and a second boron nitride (GEBN).

[0030] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first boron nitride to the second boron nitride is 1:(2-6).

[0031] Preferably, the first boron nitride is hexagonal boron nitride with an average particle size of 80-200 nm.

[0032] The method for preparing the second boron nitride includes the following steps:

[0033] A1. Disperse the first boron nitride in 3M NaOH solution, reflux at 78-82℃ for 5-7h, centrifuge and wash until neutral, and dry at 100-110℃ to obtain hydroxylated boron nitride.

[0034] A2. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in an aqueous ethanol solution and adjust the pH to 4-5. Hydrolyze for 25-35 minutes to obtain the coupling agent hydrolysate.

[0035] A3. Add hydroxylated boron nitride to the coupling agent hydrolysate, react at 78-82℃ for 8-12 hours under nitrogen protection, centrifuge, wash three times with ethanol, and dry under vacuum to obtain the product.

[0036] Preferably, in step A1, the mass ratio of the first boron nitride to the 3M NaOH solution is 1:(8-12).

[0037] Preferably, the silane coupling agent is 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.

[0038] Preferably, in step A2, the mass ratio of silane coupling agent to aqueous ethanol solution is 1:(10-20).

[0039] Preferably, in step A2, the volume fraction of ethanol in the aqueous ethanol solution is 94%-96%.

[0040] Preferably, the amount of the silane coupling agent added is 20%-30% of the mass of the first boron nitride.

[0041] Preferably, in step A3, the specific conditions for vacuum drying are: temperature of 78-82℃, time of 20-24h, and vacuum degree of 0.085-0.095MPa.

[0042] By modifying boron nitride (BN) with epoxy silane to obtain boron nitride (GHBN), and then combining BN (HBN) and GEBN (GEBN), the high-frequency damping performance and interlayer bonding of carbon fiber composites were improved. This is because HBN forms a "rigid lamellar scaffold" in a physical filling form, suppressing the disordered movement of molecular chain segments under high-frequency vibration and increasing the glass transition temperature. After modification with hydroxylation and silane coupling agents, GEBN's interfacial functional groups form chemical adsorption and covalent bonds with epoxy resin, constructing an "interfacial slip-friction energy dissipation" network. When the material is subjected to high-frequency vibration, the friction between GEBN lamellars dissipates energy, while HBN provides rigid support to prevent structural deformation. The synergy of both increases the interfacial shear strength and simultaneously improves the high-frequency damping factor.

[0043] Preferably, the method for preparing the surface coating layer includes the following steps: after stirring the epoxy resin matrix evenly at 60-80°C, adding the nitrile liquid rubber composition, stirring at 500-700 rpm and 50-60°C for 0.5-1.5 h, adding the boron nitride composition in three batches, dispersing at 1800-2200 rpm for 15-25 min after each addition, and continuing to disperse for 25-35 min after all the boron nitride compositions have been added, followed by vacuum degassing to obtain the final product.

[0044] Preferably, the method for preparing the carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping performance includes the following steps: after surface desizing of carbon fiber, plasma treatment is performed, a surface coating layer is applied, and the composite material is cured to obtain the final product.

[0045] Preferably, the specific conditions for surface desizing are: temperature of 420-480℃ and time of 4-6 minutes.

[0046] Preferably, the specific conditions for plasma treatment are: an oxygen atmosphere, a power of 80-120W, and a treatment time of 80-100s.

[0047] Preferably, the specific steps of the curing are as follows: after curing and shaping in a thermostatic precipitator, the product is obtained.

[0048] Preferably, the specific conditions for curing and molding are as follows: pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa; temperature is increased to 115-125℃ at 2℃ / min, held for 50-70 min, then increased to 163-167℃ at 2℃ / min, held for 1-3 h, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain the product.

[0049] Through multi-scale synergistic design of epoxy resin matrix, CTBN / EPBN rubber composition, and HBN / GEBN boron nitride composition, the overall damping performance and mechanical matching of carbon fiber composites were improved. This is because epoxy resin provides a cross-linked network skeleton, CTBN / EPBN introduces flexible energy-dissipating units through "physical dispersion + chemical bonding," and HBN / GEBN enhances high-frequency energy dissipation through "rigid support + interfacial friction." EPBN flexible segments are covalently bonded to the resin network; GEBN sheets form a bridge-like interlocking structure with the resin; and CTBN rubber particles and HBN sheets construct a multi-level damping network. This synergistic effect enables the material to have a high damping factor at high frequencies, while also possessing high tensile strength and impact toughness, achieving multi-objective optimization of "high damping, high rigidity, and high interfacial strength."

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0051] 1. This invention prepares a carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties. Through the synergistic effect of epoxy resin matrix formulation control and nitrile rubber composition, the high-frequency damping capability of the carbon fiber composite material is improved, effectively suppressing vibration energy transmission and reducing the risk of physiological damage to athletes caused by equipment vibration. By using boron nitride composition for interface modification and multi-scale structural design, the mechanical strength and impact toughness of the material are enhanced, achieving a balance between high damping and high rigidity. The segmented curing process and surface treatment technology optimize the material's interfacial bonding force and processing adaptability, promoting the large-scale application of high-performance carbon fiber composite materials in high-end sports equipment, filling the technological gap in domestic high-frequency damping materials, and helping the sports equipment industry upgrade towards high added value.

[0052] 2. By selecting specific epoxy resin matrix raw materials and controlling the raw material mass ratio, this invention can improve the high-frequency damping performance of carbon fiber composite materials while simultaneously increasing their mechanical strength.

[0053] 3. This invention improves the damping performance and impact toughness of carbon fiber composite materials by preparing a second nitrile butadiene liquid rubber (EPBN) and compounding non-reactive CTBN with reactive EPBN.

[0054] 4. This invention improves the high-frequency damping performance and interlayer bonding strength of carbon fiber composite materials by modifying the first boron nitride with epoxy silane to obtain the second boron nitride (GHBN) and then compounding the first boron nitride (HBN) and the second boron nitride (GEBN).

[0055] 5. This invention improves the overall damping performance and mechanical matching of carbon fiber composite materials through multi-scale synergistic design of epoxy resin matrix, CTBN / EPBN rubber composition and HBN / GEBN boron nitride composition. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] All raw materials used in this invention are commercially available, specifically:

[0058] Carbon fiber, 12K tow specification, from Toray Industries, Japan, T700SC.

[0059] Epoxy resin, epoxy value 0.51-0.54 eq / 100g, viscosity at 25℃ ≤15000Pa·s, from Shenzhen Yoshida Chemical Co., Ltd., epoxy resin E-51.

[0060] The accelerator is a urea-based accelerator with a molecular weight of 250-270. 98% of the particles have a diameter of <10μm. It is from Azken, Germany, and is an organic urea accelerator, UR500.

[0061] The first nitrile liquid rubber, with a carboxyl content of 0.51~0.61mmol / g and an acrylonitrile content of 22.1%~27.0%, is from Tianyuan Aviation Materials (Yingkou) Technology Co., Ltd., TY-CTBN-25.

[0062] The first boron nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, with an average particle size of 100nm, is from Ningbo Luofei Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., LF-BN-N100.

[0063] Example 1: This example provides a carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties, the raw materials for which are carbon fiber and a surface coating layer.

[0064] The raw materials for preparing the surface coating layer are epoxy resin matrix, nitrile liquid rubber composition, and boron nitride composition.

[0065] The epoxy resin matrix is ​​prepared from epoxy resin, curing agent, and accelerator in a mass ratio of 100:6.5:1.2.

[0066] The curing agent is dicyandiamide.

[0067] The accelerator is a urea-based accelerator.

[0068] The amount of the nitrile liquid rubber composition added is 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin in the epoxy resin matrix.

[0069] The amount of boron nitride composition added is 16% of the mass of epoxy resin in the epoxy resin matrix.

[0070] The nitrile liquid rubber composition is a first nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN) and a second nitrile liquid rubber (EPBN) in a mass ratio of 4:5.

[0071] The preparation method of the second nitrile liquid rubber is as follows: the first nitrile liquid rubber is heated to 70°C, epoxy resin and catalyst are added, the temperature is raised to 115°C under nitrogen protection, and the reaction is carried out for 3 hours under magnetic stirring at 300 rpm. The reaction is continued and the carboxyl content is monitored until it drops to 45% of the first nitrile liquid rubber. The reaction is stopped, the temperature is lowered to 75°C, and acetone is added to adjust the viscosity at 25°C to 3500 mPa·s, thus obtaining the final product.

[0072] The mass ratio of the first nitrile liquid rubber to epoxy resin is 1:2.

[0073] The amount of catalyst added is 1% of the mass of epoxy resin in the preparation method of the second nitrile liquid rubber.

[0074] The catalyst is triphenylphosphine.

[0075] The boron nitride composition is a first boron nitride (HBN) and a second boron nitride (GEBN) in a mass ratio of 1:3.

[0076] The preparation method of the second boron nitride includes the following steps:

[0077] A1. Disperse the first boron nitride in 3M NaOH solution, reflux at 80°C for 6 hours, centrifuge and wash until neutral, and dry at 100°C to obtain hydroxylated boron nitride.

[0078] A2. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in an aqueous ethanol solution and adjust the pH to 4.5. Hydrolyze for 30 minutes to obtain the coupling agent hydrolysate.

[0079] A3. Add hydroxylated boron nitride to the coupling agent hydrolysate, react at 80°C for 10 hours under nitrogen protection, centrifuge, wash three times with ethanol, and dry under vacuum to obtain the product.

[0080] In step A1, the mass ratio of the first boron nitride to the 3M NaOH solution is 1:10.

[0081] The silane coupling agent is 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.

[0082] In step A2, the mass ratio of silane coupling agent to aqueous ethanol solution is 1:15.

[0083] In step A2, the volume fraction of ethanol in the aqueous ethanol solution is 95%.

[0084] The amount of the silane coupling agent added is 25% of the mass of the first boron nitride.

[0085] In step A3, the specific conditions for vacuum drying are: temperature 80℃, time 22h, and vacuum degree 0.09MPa.

[0086] The preparation method of the surface coating layer includes the following steps: after stirring the epoxy resin matrix at 70°C until uniform, add the nitrile liquid rubber composition, stir at 600 rpm and 55°C for 1 hour, add the boron nitride composition in three batches, disperse at 2000 rpm for 20 minutes after each addition, and continue to disperse for 30 minutes after all the boron nitride compositions have been added, and then degas under vacuum to obtain the final product.

[0087] The method for preparing the carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping performance includes the following steps: after surface desizing of carbon fiber, plasma treatment is performed, a surface coating layer is applied, and the composite material is cured to obtain the final product.

[0088] The specific conditions for surface desizing are: temperature 450℃ and time 5 min.

[0089] The specific conditions for plasma treatment are: oxygen atmosphere, power of 100W, and treatment time of 90s.

[0090] The specific steps of the curing process are as follows: after curing and shaping in a hot autoclave, the product is obtained.

[0091] The specific conditions for curing and molding are as follows: pressure is 0.6 MPa; temperature is increased to 120°C at 2°C / min, held for 60 min, then increased to 165°C at 2°C / min, held for 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain the product. Example

[0092] The only difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the boron nitride composition is a first boron nitride (HBN) and a second boron nitride (GEBN) in a mass ratio of 1:5.

[0093] Comparative Example 1

[0094] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the epoxy resin matrix is ​​prepared from epoxy resin, curing agent, and accelerator in a mass ratio of 100:5:1.2.

[0095] Comparative Example 2

[0096] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the epoxy resin matrix is ​​prepared from epoxy resin, curing agent, and accelerator in a mass ratio of 100:8:1.2.

[0097] Comparative Example 3

[0098] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the raw materials for preparing the surface coating layer are an epoxy resin matrix, nitrile liquid rubber, and a boron nitride composition; the nitrile liquid rubber is a first nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN).

[0099] Comparative Example 4

[0100] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the raw materials for preparing the surface coating layer are an epoxy resin matrix, nitrile liquid rubber, and a boron nitride composition; and the nitrile liquid rubber is a second nitrile liquid rubber (EPBN).

[0101] Comparative Example 5

[0102] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nitrile liquid rubber composition is a first nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN) and a second nitrile liquid rubber (EPBN) in a mass ratio of 7:2.

[0103] Comparative Example 6

[0104] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the raw materials for preparing the surface coating layer are epoxy resin matrix, nitrile liquid rubber composition, and boron nitride.

[0105] The boron nitride is boron nitride No. 1 (HBN).

[0106] Comparative Example 7

[0107] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the raw materials for preparing the surface coating layer are epoxy resin matrix, nitrile liquid rubber composition, and boron nitride.

[0108] The boron nitride is boron nitride II (GEBN).

[0109] Comparative Example 8

[0110] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the boron nitride composition is a first boron nitride (HBN) and a second boron nitride (GEBN) in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0111] Performance testing

[0112] The damping factor (tanδ) was tested according to ASTM D4065 at a frequency of 40 Hz using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) at a temperature of 25 °C. The tensile strength of the carbon fiber composite was tested according to GB / T 3354-2014; the interlaminar shear strength was tested according to GB / T30969-2014; and the impact toughness was tested according to ASTM D2344. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Table 1 Measurement Results

[0114] .

[0115] According to statistics, the carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties prepared in Examples 1-2 of this invention has a high damping factor at a frequency of 40Hz, which can effectively absorb road impacts and improve riding comfort and control stability. At the same time, it has excellent mechanical properties, with high tensile strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact toughness, achieving simultaneous improvement in damping performance and mechanical performance. Comparative Example 1: Reduced curing agent leads to decreased crosslinking density and reduced mechanical properties, but enhanced molecular chain mobility and increased damping factor. Comparative Example 2: Increased curing agent results in excessive crosslinking, reduced mechanical properties, and restricted molecular chain mobility, leading to a decreased damping factor. Comparative Example 3: Contains only CTBN. While this results in poor compatibility between the rubber phase and epoxy resin, increased interfacial defects, weakened interfacial bonding, and decreased tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength, the toughening effect of the rubber phase by CTBN is maximized, increasing impact toughness. Comparative Example 4: Contains only EPBN. The rigid segments of EPBN reduce toughness and restrict plastic deformation. Comparative Example 5: The excessively high proportion of CTBN leads to increased interfacial defects and decreased impact toughness. Comparative Example 6: Contains only HBN. HBN has weak interfacial bonding, resulting in reduced mechanical properties and a decreased damping factor. Comparative Example 7: Contains only GEBN. Nano-agglomeration leads to stress concentration, and the agglomerates become crack initiators, causing localized brittle fracture. Comparative Example 8: Increased HBN proportion reduces interfacial bonding, leading to interfacial slip and affecting mechanical properties. This indicates that the carbon fiber composite material prepared using the raw materials and methods described in this application exhibits excellent damping performance under high-frequency vibration environment, while also possessing high mechanical strength and interfacial bonding force. It can significantly reduce the risk of damage caused by vibration transmission in sports equipment and is suitable for the field of high-end sports equipment.

[0116] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties, characterized in that, Its raw materials include carbon fibers and surface coatings; The raw materials for preparing the surface coating include an epoxy resin matrix, a nitrile liquid rubber composition, and a boron nitride composition; the raw materials for preparing the epoxy resin matrix include epoxy resin, a curing agent, and an accelerator, with a mass ratio of 100:(6-7):(1-1.5). The nitrile liquid rubber composition includes a first nitrile liquid rubber and a second nitrile liquid rubber in a mass ratio of (3-5):(4-6). The first nitrile butadiene liquid rubber has a carboxyl content of 0.51~0.61 mmol / g and an acrylonitrile content of 22.1%~27.0%. The preparation method of the second nitrile liquid rubber includes: heating the first nitrile liquid rubber to 65-75℃, adding epoxy resin and catalyst, raising the temperature to 110-120℃ under nitrogen protection, reacting for 3 hours under magnetic stirring at 250-350 rpm, continuing the reaction and monitoring the carboxyl content until it drops to 40%-50% of the first nitrile liquid rubber, stopping the reaction, cooling to below 75℃, adding acetone to adjust the viscosity at 25℃ to 2000-5000 mPa·s, and thus obtaining the product; The boron nitride composition includes a first boron nitride and a second boron nitride in a mass ratio of 1:(2-6), wherein the first boron nitride is hexagonal boron nitride with an average particle size of 80-200 nm; The methods for preparing the second boron nitride include: A1. Disperse the first boron nitride in 3M NaOH solution, reflux at 78-82℃ for 5-7h, centrifuge and wash until neutral, and dry at 100-110℃ to obtain hydroxylated boron nitride. A2. Dissolve the silane coupling agent in an aqueous ethanol solution and adjust the pH to 4-5. Hydrolyze for 25-35 minutes to obtain the coupling agent hydrolysate. A3. Add hydroxylated boron nitride to the coupling agent hydrolysate, react at 78-82℃ for 8-12 hours under nitrogen protection, centrifuge, wash three times with ethanol, and dry under vacuum to obtain the product.

2. The carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of the nitrile liquid rubber composition added is 25%-35% of the mass of epoxy resin in the epoxy resin matrix.

3. The carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of boron nitride composition added is 13%-20% of the mass of epoxy resin in the epoxy resin matrix.

4. A method for preparing a carbon fiber composite material with high-frequency damping properties according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After surface desizing of carbon fibers, plasma treatment is performed, a surface coating layer is applied, and the product is cured to obtain the final product.