Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a reception unit that receives first configuration information pertaining to the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst; and a control unit that determines, on the basis of the first configuration information, the number of sensing resources when receiving a sensing reference signal (RS). According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, the performance of wireless sensing can be improved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, wireless sensing is being considered to detect, estimate, track, and so on targets.

[0006] However, the settings for transmitting / receiving / measuring a sensing reference signal (RS) using a sensing burst (sensing RS burst) have not been fully considered. If these settings are not clear, there is a risk that the sensing quality / communication quality will be degraded.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that improve wireless sensing performance.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that it has a receiving unit that receives first configuration information regarding the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst, and a control unit that determines the number of sensing resources when receiving a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first configuration information.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to improve the performance of wireless sensing.

[0010] FIGS. 1A and 1B show an example of a scenario for monostatic sensing at a BS or a UE. FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of a scenario for bistatic sensing between BSs or between UEs. FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example of a scenario for bistatic sensing between BSs and UEs or between UEs. FIG. 4 shows an example of Option 1 and Option a in embodiment 1-3-1. FIG. 5 shows an example of Option 1 and Option a / b in embodiment 1-3-1. FIG. 6 shows an example of Option 1 and Option b in embodiment 1-3-1. FIG. 7 shows an example of Option 2 and Option a in embodiment 1-3-1. FIG. 8 shows an example of Option 2 and Option b in embodiment 1-3-1. FIG. 9 shows an example of parameters for sensing burst measurement. FIG. 10A shows an example of early termination of a sensing burst level. FIG. 10B shows an example of early termination of a sensing resource level. FIG. 11 shows an example of parameters for a sensing burst. FIG. 12A is a diagram showing an example of a sensing burst to which burst-common settings are applied. FIG. 12B is a diagram showing an example of a sensing burst to which burst-specific settings are applied. FIG. 12C is a diagram showing an example of a sensing burst to which sensing resource-specific settings are applied. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example in Option a-2 of Embodiment 1-4-1. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of settings for a sensing burst in Embodiment 1-4-2. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of target detection. FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams showing an example of target estimation. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of target tracking / coherent processing. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a base station configuration according to an embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a user terminal configuration according to an embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (ISAC) The motivation for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is to achieve high sensing performance and new / extended services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and possible requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address different target industries / applications are considered, and some use cases may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, camera).

[0012] For example, use case 1 is sensing for tourist destination traffic management. For example, use case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0013] ISAC considers sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered. Furthermore, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC are considered, including higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing.

[0014] In ISAC, the challenges are unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmit signals, receive signals) and sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmit signals, reflected signals) through beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI / DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmit signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals).

[0015] Three types of radar and communication systems have been considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). In the following, we focus on ISAC systems, in which hardware and bandwidth are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0016] (Wireless Sensing) Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is a key enabler for the vision of 6G cyber physical systems (CPS). ISAC can be realized by 5G-advanced (A) and 6G with the development of higher frequencies and wider bandwidths. The design of ISAC waveforms and sensing reference signals (RS) is a key technology for realizing wireless sensing.

[0017] Use cases for ISAC include the metaverse, high altitude platform station (HAPS) sensing, and crowd estimation. HAPS can be an aircraft with an altitude of about 20 km and can be used in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

[0018] HAPS sensing realizes ultra-remote distance sensing using echo signals based on the support of communication functions. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the strength of the echo signal, a sensing form or sensing sequence with an extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal under a given transmission power.

[0019] (Sensing Mode / Method) Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station, gNB) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radars in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radars in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

[0020] Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications, which may be co-located or in separate locations.

[0021] A joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0022] A unified system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0023] Sensing in the ISAC system can be achieved by any of the following sensing methods: ◇Monostatic sensing: Monostatic sensing using the idea of ​​monostatic radar. This sensing method requires one BS or one UE, and sensing is performed using echo signals. In this sensing method, there is no BS-to-BS, UE-to-UE, or BS-to-UE cooperation. A use case of this sensing method is, for example, imaging using terahertz. ◇Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing: Bistatic / multistatic sensing using bistatic radar / multistatic radar. This sensing method requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs, and sensing is performed using reflected signals. A use case of this sensing method is, for example, positioning. ◇UE-assisted sensing: UE-assisted sensing using the idea of ​​NR positioning. This sensing method requires a BS and a UE, and sensing is performed via communication (UL / DL) signals. This sensing method operates within the existing 5G NR framework. This sensing method requires a UE, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, breath monitoring.

[0024] [Monostatic Sensing] This sensing method includes BS (gNB) monostatic sensing (Figure 1A) and UE monostatic sensing (Figure 1B).

[0025] A scenario suitable for monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: The sensing target is in the vicinity of the sensing BS / UE and high or medium SNR of the echo signal is required. The target may not have communication capabilities.

[0026] The capacity requirements for monostatic sensing have the following characteristics: High capacity is required due to full duplex at the BS or UE.

[0027] The performance of monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇High accuracy due to no quantization. ◇Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◇Low latency.

[0028] [Bistatic Sensing / Multistatic Sensing] This sensing method includes bistatic sensing from BS to BS (gNB-gNB, BS-BS, BS1-BS2, gNB-to-gNB, gNB1-to-gNB2) (Figure 2A), bistatic sensing from UE to BS (UE-gNB, UE-BS, UE-to-gNB) (Figure 2B), bistatic sensing from BS to UE (gNB-UE, BS-UE, gNB-to-UE) (Figure 3A), and bistatic sensing from UE to UE (UE-UE, UE1-UE2, UE-to-UE, UE1-to-UE2) (Figure 3B).

[0029] Scenarios suitable for BS-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇Tight synchronization and coordination between BSs is required, and scheduling coordination among multiple BSs is required. ◇The target may not have communication capabilities.

[0030] The capacity requirements for BS-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇Low capacity can be realized due to half duplex. ◇High capacity is required due to synchronization between BSs.

[0031] The performance of BS-BS bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇High accuracy due to no quantization ◇Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal ◇Medium latency.

[0032] Scenarios suitable for UE-BS, BS-UE and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ It requires communicating UEs to be around the target.

[0033] The capacity requirements for UE-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇It can be realized even with low capacity due to half duplex. ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0034] The capacity requirements for BS-UE bistatic sensing and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇Low capacity can be realized due to half duplex. ◇UE needs sufficient computational resources and high accuracy of reflected signal detection. ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0035] The performance of UE-BS bistatic sensing, BS-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇ Medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values ​​◇ Accuracy is related to the configured resources and UE location ◇ Long latency

[0036] In each of the embodiments described below, the following scenarios and assumptions may be used: ◇In ISAC scenarios, communication and sensing functions are required. ◇For low complexity and backward compatibility, TDD (half duplex) may be assumed instead of full duplex at BS and UE.

[0037] In a TDD-based ISAC system, sensing signals and reflected / echo signals are preferably transmitted and received in different time resources. For example, in BS-based sensing, including monostatic BS sensing and bistatic BS1-to-BS2 sensing, sensing signals are preferably transmitted in DL time resources, and reflected / echo signals are preferably received in UL time resources. For example, in UE-based sensing, including monostatic UE sensing and bistatic UE1-to-UE2 sensing, sensing signals are preferably transmitted in UL time resources, and reflected / echo signals are preferably received in DL time resources. In bistatic BS-to-UE sensing, DL time resources are preferably used for sensing. In bistatic UE-to-DL sensing, UL time resources are preferably used for sensing.

[0038] (Relationship Between RS Pattern / Resource and Sensing KPI) The sensing performance of RS in an OFDM system will be described.

[0039] The resolution and accuracy of the range is determined by the occupied bandwidth, which is related to the carrier frequency.

[0040] The velocity resolution and accuracy are determined by the coherent pulse interval (CPI) and wavelength. The velocity should be constant over the period of the CPI. The wavelength is related to the carrier frequency.

[0041] The maximum unambiguous distance / velocity is related to the RS pattern in the OFDM system and may be designed based on the requirements.

[0042] The RS pattern in the frequency domain may affect the maximum unambiguous distance, and the RS resource in the time domain may affect the rate resolution and the maximum unambiguous rate (which indicates the maximum supported sensing rate).

[0043] (Analysis) In future wireless communication systems, wireless sensing is being considered for target detection, estimation, tracking, etc.

[0044] However, the settings for transmitting / receiving / measuring a sensing reference signal (RS) using a sensing burst (sensing RS burst) have not been fully considered. If these settings are not clear, there is a risk that the sensing quality / communication quality will be degraded.

[0045] For example, velocity estimation is performed by sensing targets. Velocity estimation requires observation and measurement of the coherent pulse interval (CPI). For example, the pulse repetition time (PRT) affects the maximum unambiguous velocity. Therefore, signal bursts with a regular / uniform resource pattern in the time domain are being considered.

[0046] However, when a regular / uniform sensing resource pattern is used, the sensing overhead increases linearly in proportion to the maximum unambiguous rate. Therefore, to achieve low overhead and good maximum unambiguous rate / rate resolution, it is possible to apply an irregular / non-uniform resource pattern design in the time domain. However, there has been insufficient research into how to design sensing signal resources in the time domain to support rate estimation. There has been insufficient research into how to realize irregular / non-uniform sensing signals in ISAC systems, taking into account the trade-off between rate estimation performance and overhead.

[0047] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a method for improving the performance of wireless sensing.

[0048] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0049] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0050] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0051] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0052] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0053] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0054] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0055] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0056] In the present disclosure, the terms burst, group, list, etc. may be interchangeable. The terms burst, RS burst, sensing burst, sensing RS burst, sensing RS, sensing resource, sensing resource pattern, and resource pattern may be interchangeable.

[0057] Supporting / configuring / instructing, receiving configuration information / instruction information, and reporting / sending capability information indicating support may be interchangeable. Supporting / configuring / instructing may mean that the UE is supported / configured / instructed by the NW (base station). Sensing burst measurement resource configuration and sensing burst measurement resource configuration may be interchangeable.

[0058] A beam / antenna port may be interpreted as a TCI state. Transmission, reception, and measurement (e.g., transmission, reception, and measurement of a sensing burst / sensing RS) may be interpreted as interchangeable. A sensing resource and a sensing RS resource may be interpreted as interchangeable. A sensing signal and a sensing RS may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0059] The sensing resource pattern in the present disclosure may be at least one of a uniform / regular pattern, a non-uniform / irregular pattern, a random pattern, and a pattern in which resource / burst intervals are disjoint.

[0060] (Wireless Communication Method) The first embodiment may be applied to a case where a UE receives / measures a sensing RS (for example, the above-mentioned UE monostatic sensing ( FIG. 1A ), bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE ( FIG. 3A ), or bistatic sensing from a UE to a UE ( FIG. 3B )). The second embodiment may be applied to a case where a UE transmits a sensing RS (for example, the above-mentioned UE monostatic sensing ( FIG. 1A ), bistatic sensing from a UE to a BS ( FIG. 2B ), or bistatic sensing from a UE to a UE ( FIG. 3B )).

[0061] First Embodiment Settings / parameters, etc., when a UE receives / measures a sensing RS burst (sensing burst) will be described. Parameters related to the sensing RS burst may be set by the NW or determined by the UE.

[0062] <<Embodiment 1-1>> The number of sensing resources / instances in one burst (sensing RS burst) may be the same / common number for different bursts, or different numbers may be set. The UE may transmit UE capability information indicating support for the number of sensing resources / instances in one burst, or may receive configuration information (first configuration information) related to the number. The UE determines the number of sensing resources when receiving a sensing RS based on the configuration information.

[0063] The UE may be configured with or support one or more candidate values ​​for the number of sensing resources / instances within one burst, where each candidate value can be applied to a different sensing service / measurement result.

[0064] Regarding the number of sensing resources (number of sensing resources / instances in one burst), at least one of the following options may be applied:

[0065] <<<Option 1>>> The number of sensing resources may be explicitly configured / indicated to the UE for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration.

[0066] For example, one parameter indicating the number of sensing resources may be set and applied to all sensing bursts. Alternatively, multiple numbers of sensing resources (e.g., burst-specific numbers) may be set (multiple parameters indicating the numbers may be set) and applied to different sensing bursts. For example, three numerical values ​​may be set and applied to three bursts.

[0067] The indication / configuration of the number of sensing resources for one sensing burst may be a cell-wide, group-wide, or UE-specific indication / configuration.

[0068] <<<Option 2>>> The number of sensing resources may be implicitly configured by the number of time / frequency / spatial domain sensing resources configured / instructed for the sensing burst measurement resource configuration, i.e., the UE may determine the number of sensing resources in one burst based on the number of configured / instructed time / frequency / spatial domain sensing resources.

[0069] <<<Option 3>>> The number of sensing resources may be implicitly configured based on the sensing use case and requirements (e.g., required speed estimation accuracy, required sensing range, etc.), i.e., the UE may determine the number of sensing resources based on the sensing use case and requirements.

[0070] <<<Variations>>> For different speed estimation requirements, different candidate values ​​for the number of sensing resources in one burst may be set / indicated / supported. For example, for speed estimation with higher accuracy / larger maximum unambiguity distance, a larger candidate value for the number of sensing resources in one burst may be set / indicated / supported. For speed estimation with lower accuracy / smaller maximum unambiguity distance, a smaller candidate value for the number of sensing resources in one burst may be set / indicated / supported.

[0071] Regarding the number of sensing resources in one burst, different candidate values ​​may be set / indicated / supported for different sensing ranges.

[0072] Regarding the number of sensing resources in one burst, different candidate values ​​may be set / indicated / supported for different sensing methods.

[0073] According to embodiment 1-1, the UE can appropriately receive / measure sensing resources according to the number of configured sensing resources / instances.

[0074] <<Embodiment 1-2>> A UE may support periodic (P), semi-persistent (SP), and aperiodic (AP) sensing bursts. The UE may transmit UE capability information indicating support for periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic sensing RS bursts, or may receive configuration information (second configuration information) related to periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic sensing RS bursts. The UE may control reception of the sensing RS based on the received configuration information.

[0075] If periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic sensing RS bursts are supported / configured, the periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic sensing RS bursts are determined in the following manner.

[0076] <<<Option 1>>> Periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic sensing bursts may be explicitly configured / instructed to the UE for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration, or the instruction / configuration of periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic sensing burst transmission / reception / measurement may be cell-wide, group-wide, or UE-specific.

[0077] <<<Option 2>>> Periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic sensing bursts may be implicitly configured based on the sensing use case and requirements (e.g., always-on sensing service with minimum refresh time requirement, event-triggered sensing measurement, etc.), i.e., the UE may decide to use periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic sensing bursts based on the sensing use case and requirements.

[0078] <<<<Variations>>>> Different candidate values ​​for the number of sensing resources in one burst in embodiment 1-1 may be supported / configured for different periodic / semi-continuous / aperiodic sensing bursts.

[0079] Different cycles (transmission cycles) of the periodic / semi-continuous sensing bursts may be set for different sensing services / environmental conditions, for example, the transmission cycles of the sensing bursts may be dynamically switched based on the sensing results / environmental conditions (daytime / nighttime, etc.).

[0080] Periodic / semi-continuous / non-periodic sensing bursts may be simultaneously / commonly configured / instructed for different sensing services of one sensing transmit / receive pair or for different sensing phases in one sensing service.

[0081] For example, periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts using limited time / frequency / space resources may support intruder detection, and aperiodic sensing bursts using more time / frequency / space resources may support / trigger location / tracking of a detected intruder, and periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts may subsequently be performed to detect other potential intruders.

[0082] When resources overlap / collide between periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts and aperiodic sensing bursts, the dropping rule may be determined by at least one of the following methods (1) to (3).

[0083] (1) Dynamic Dropping Based on Resources: Sensing bursts with less time / frequency / spatial resources than a threshold are dropped. The remaining sensing bursts (periodic / semi-persistent / non-periodic) with more time / frequency / spatial resources than a threshold are used for measuring multiple sensing services. Alternatively, when comparing the time / frequency / spatial resources between periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts and non-periodic sensing bursts, the sensing burst with fewer resources may be dropped.

[0084] (2) Dynamic Drop Based on Service Requirements / Priority: Sensing bursts for measuring sensing services whose requirements (e.g., accuracy, latency, update time, etc.) are lower than a threshold or whose priority is lower than a specific priority are dropped. The threshold / priority may be preset by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. Alternatively, the requirements / priorities of the services associated with periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts and aperiodic sensing bursts may be compared, and the resource with the lower requirement / priority may be dropped.

[0085] (3) Fixed Drop / Priority: Periodic / Semi-persistent or Aperiodic sensing bursts are always dropped. The dropped sensing bursts may be fixed, or whether to drop them may be determined based on a priority set for each type of sensing burst (periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic). For example, periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts may be dropped, but aperiodic sensing bursts may not be dropped. Alternatively, periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts may not be dropped, but aperiodic sensing bursts may be dropped.

[0086] According to embodiment 1-2, the UE can appropriately receive / measure sensing resources according to the configuration information regarding the configured P / SP / AP sensing bursts.

[0087] <<Embodiment 1-3>> <<<Embodiment 1-3-1>>> The same or different beams / antennas may be supported for multiple sensing bursts / multiple sensing resources. The UE may receive configuration information (third configuration information) indicating the same or different beams / antennas for multiple sensing bursts / multiple sensing resources. The UE may control reception of the sensing RS based on the third configuration information.

[0088] <<<<<Beam Sweeping / Antenna Ports for Multiple Sensing Resources in One Sensing Burst>>>> The beam sweeping / antenna ports for multiple sensing resources in one sensing burst may be determined by at least one of the following options.

[0089] <<<<<<Option 1>>>>> Beam sweeping / multiple antenna ports may be configured / instructed for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst.

[0090] For example, the beam / antenna port of each sensing resource may be set / instructed for each sensing resource configuration in the measurement resource configuration for one sensing burst.

[0091] Partial / single complete / multiple complete beam sweep procedures may be supported for multiple sensing resources within one sensing RS burst, and these procedures may be explicitly configured / instructed for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration or implicitly configured / instructed for each sensing resource configuration of one sensing burst measurement resource configuration.

[0092] For example, partial beam sweeping may be supported when the number of beams in one sensing burst is greater than the number of sensing resources in one sensing burst. When the number of beams in one sensing burst is equal to the number of sensing resources in one sensing burst, one complete beam sweeping may be supported. When the number of beams in one sensing burst is less than the number of sensing resources in one sensing burst, multiple complete / partial beam sweeping procedures may be supported.

[0093] <<<<<<Option 2>>>>> Only one beam / antenna port may be configured / instructed for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst. The beam / antenna port for each sensing burst may be configured / instructed for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration.

[0094] <<<<Beam Sweeping / Antenna Ports for Multiple Sensing Bursts>>>> The beam sweeping / antenna ports for multiple sensing bursts may be determined by at least one of the following options.

[0095] <<<<<Option a>>>> The same / single beam / antenna port may be configured / instructed for multiple sensing bursts. This beam / antenna port may be configured / instructed by a measurement resource configuration common to the sensing bursts.

[0096] <<<<<Option b>>>> Different beams / antenna ports may be configured / instructed for different sensing bursts for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration.

[0097] The antenna ports in this disclosure may be dedicated to sensing or ISAC, and may be the same as or different from the antenna ports used for communication.

[0098] <<<Specific Example>>> Fig. 4 is a diagram showing examples of Option 1 and Option a of Embodiment 1-3-1. In Fig. 4, beam sweeping (one complete beam sweeping) is performed for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst. Also, the same / single beam / antenna port is supported for multiple sensing bursts. For example, angle estimation / target detection may be performed in one sensing burst. Velocity estimation may be performed in multiple sensing bursts.

[0099] Fig. 5 is a diagram showing examples of Option 1 and Option a / b of Embodiment 1-3-1. In Fig. 5, beam sweeping (multiple complete beam sweeps) is performed on multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst. For example, angle estimation / velocity estimation may be performed in one sensing burst.

[0100] Fig. 6 is a diagram showing examples of Option 1 and Option b of Embodiment 1-3-1. In Fig. 6, beam sweeping (partial beam sweeping) is performed for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst. Also, complete beam sweeping may be performed across multiple (e.g., two) sensing bursts.

[0101] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of Option 2 and Option A of Embodiment 1-3-1. In FIG. 7, only one beam / antenna port is supported for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst. For example, speed estimation may be performed in one sensing burst. The same / single beam / antenna port is supported for multiple sensing bursts. Therefore, inter-burst beam adjustment (e.g., for speed estimation) may not be performed.

[0102] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of Option 2 and Option b of Embodiment 1-3-1. In FIG. 8, only one beam / antenna port is supported for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst. For example, speed estimation / target tracking may be performed in one sensing burst. Different beams / antenna ports are configured / instructed for different sensing bursts. Therefore, inter-burst beam adjustment (e.g., for speed estimation / target tracking) may be performed.

[0103] According to embodiment 1-3-1, the UE can appropriately receive / measure sensing resources according to the configuration information indicating the configured beam / antenna.

[0104] <<<Embodiment 1-3-2>>> Time domain resource allocation (TDRA) for sensing bursts will be described. A UE may receive configuration information (fourth configuration information) regarding the time (TDRA) for sensing bursts. The UE may control reception of the sensing RS based on the fourth configuration information.

[0105] <<<<<For Periodic / Semi-persistent Sensing Burst Measurement>>>> Parameters related to TDRA for configuring periodic / semi-persistent sensing burst measurement resources will be described. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing examples of parameters for sensing burst measurement. The UE may transmit / report capability information related to each parameter. The UE may receive each parameter (configuration / instruction) via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0106] Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst: T ｓｔａｒｔ０ .

[0107] Burst period: T ｐ０ (the interval between the start times of two consecutive sensing bursts). ｐ０ may be replaced with (or may be related to) a burst interval / inter-burst interval / refresh time defined for wireless sensing. The time unit of the burst period may be at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a half-frame, or a frame.

[0108] Burst period: T ｄ０ (T ｄ０ <=T ｐ０ ) (the time from the start of the first sensing resource to the end of the last sensing resource in one sensing burst). ｄ０ may be related to the Coherent Processing Interval (CPI) in the radar system. ｄ０ may be replaced with CPI. The time unit of the burst period (which may be the same as or different from the time unit of the burst period) may be at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a half frame, and a frame.

[0109] The number of sensing RS resources in one sensing burst: N (N>=1). The UE determines N and T ｄ０Based on T, the temporal density of the sensing RS resource (or the duty ratio / duty cycle in a radar system) can be calculated. ｐ０ and T ｄ０ Given,N, the larger N, the more densely the sensing RS resources in the time domain are, and the higher the sensing overhead.

[0110] A time domain resource pattern of N sensing resources in one sensing burst.

[0111] <<<<<For Aperiodic Sensing Burst Measurement>>>> Parameters related to TDRA for configuring aperiodic sensing burst measurement resources will now be described.

[0112] The number of sensing bursts in one sensing burst measurement resource configuration: L (L >= 1). L may be an optional parameter (L may not be configured). If L is not configured, the UE may assume that L = 1.

[0113] Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst: T ｓｔａｒｔ０ .

[0114] Burst period: T ｐ０ (the interval between the start times of two consecutive sensing bursts). ｐ０ may be replaced with (or may be related to) a burst interval / inter-burst interval / refresh time defined for wireless sensing. The time unit of the burst period may be at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a half frame, or a frame. T ｐ０ may be a scalar value or a set of L non-uniform values ​​(i.e. burst-common / burst-specific settings / indications).

[0115] Burst period: T ｄ０ (T ｄ０ <=T ｐ０ ): The time from the start of the first sensing resource to the end of the last sensing resource in one sensing burst. ｄ０may be related to the Coherent Processing Interval (CPI) in the radar system. ｄ０ The time unit of the burst period (which may be the same as or different from the time unit of the burst period) may be at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a half frame, and a frame. ｐ０ may be a scalar value or a set of L non-uniform values ​​(i.e. burst-common / burst-specific settings / indications).

[0116] The number of sensing RS resources in one sensing burst: N (N>=1). N can be a scalar value or a set of L non-uniform values ​​(i.e., burst-common / burst-specific setting / indication).

[0117] Time domain resource pattern of N sensing resources in one sensing burst: The resource pattern of the sensing resources may be configured / instructed for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration as burst-common (i.e., one configuration for all bursts) or burst-specific (i.e., L configurations for L bursts).

[0118] The UE receives N and T ｄ０ The time density of the sensing RS resource (or duty ratio / duty cycle in a radar system) may be calculated based on T ｐ０ and T ｄ０ Given that N is given, the larger N is, the denser the sensing RS resources are in the time domain, and the higher the sensing overhead is. Alternatively, the duty ratio / duty cycle may be set / instructed for the sensing RS resources within one burst. The UE may determine the duty ratio / duty cycle and T ｄ０ Alternatively, the UE may determine the number of resources N based on the configured duty ratio / duty cycle and T ｄ０ The number of resources N may be determined based on the following:

[0119] Burst period T ｄ０Alternatively, the number N of sensing RS resources in one burst may be implicitly set / instructed. For example, the UE may set N for a burst duration T ｄ０ may be determined by the resource pattern defined for the sensing burst and N.

[0120] <<<<<Early Termination>>>> For sensing bursts, early termination at the sensing burst level (per sensing burst) / resource level (per resource) may be supported. Early termination may be determined in the following manner:

[0121] 10A is a diagram illustrating an example of early termination of a sensing burst level. When early termination of a sensing burst level is performed, the sensing burst including the set / instructed / determined early termination timing is transmitted / received / measured. The remaining sensing bursts (sensing bursts after the set / instructed early termination timing) are not transmitted / received / measured.

[0122] 10B illustrates an example of early termination of a sensing resource level. When early termination of a sensing resource level is performed, the remaining sensing resources in the sensing burst that includes the configured / instructed / determined early termination timing, as well as all sensing resources of the remaining sensing burst, are not transmitted / received / measured.

[0123] For early termination decisions, option 1 or 2 below may be applied.

[0124] Option 1: Early termination is determined by the UE. The UE may send relevant parameters of early termination (such as burst level or resource level termination, burst index / resource index / time information for termination (termination timing)) to the gNB / SMF / LMF / SF via the extended LPP protocol or UCI / SR, etc.

[0125] Option 2: Early termination is decided by the gNB and / or SMF / LMF / SF. The UE may receive (configure / indicate) relevant parameters for early termination (such as burst level or resource level termination, burst index / resource index / time information for termination (termination timing)) via the extended LPP protocol or DCI / MAC CE or other dynamic notification messages.

[0126] For example, when the required sensing results (position, velocity, etc.) are obtained and no further updates are required (e.g., when the target tracking service ends earlier than expected), the periodic / semi-persistent sensing burst may end and the sensing burst measurement resource configuration may be released.

[0127] According to embodiment 1-3-2, the UE can appropriately receive / measure the sensing burst according to the configuration information regarding the configured time (TDRA) for the sensing burst.

[0128] <<<Embodiment 1-3-3>>> A sensing signal (sensing RS) for a sensing burst will now be described. The UE may receive configuration information related to the sensing signal and control reception / measurement of the sensing signal based on the configuration information.

[0129] Any sensing signal can be used for the sensing burst (e.g., a communication RS can be reused for sensing, a dedicated sensing RS can be used, or a new ISAC RS can be used). Candidate RSs for the sensing resource / burst can be, for example, at least one of the following signals: - Dedicated sensing RS. - New ISAC RS. - DL RS: CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, SSB, PTRS / DMRS for sensing. - UL RS: SRS, PTRS / DMRS for sensing. - SideLink (SL) RS for sensing, Remote Interference Management (RIM)-RS for sensing.

[0130] 11 is a diagram showing an example of parameters for a sensing burst. In FIG. 11, L sensing RS bursts are included. Each burst includes N sensing resources, and the interval between bursts (burst interval) is T ｐ０ and the burst period is T ｄ０ It is expressed as:

[0131] The UE may support the same or different sensing signals for multiple sensing bursts. The UE may be configured / instructed for the sensing signals using specific parameters for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration. The specific parameters may be at least one of the following parameters: sensing RS type, sequence time, and corresponding RS pattern in the time-frequency domain.

[0132] 12A is a diagram showing an example of sensing bursts to which a burst common setting is applied. In the example of FIG. 12A, one sensing burst measurement resource setting (Config#0) is applied to all sensing bursts.

[0133] 12B illustrates an example of a sensing burst to which burst-specific configurations are applied. In the example of FIG. 12B, L sensing burst measurement resource configurations (Config#0-#L-1) are applied to L sensing bursts (including multiple sensing resources). In other words, one configuration is applied to one sensing burst.

[0134] The UE may use the same or different sensing signals for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst. The UE may be configured / instructed for the sensing signals using specific parameters for each sensing burst measurement resource configuration. The specific parameters may be at least one parameter of the sensing RS type, sequence time, and corresponding RS pattern in the time-frequency domain.

[0135] 12C is a diagram showing an example of a sensing burst to which sensing resource-specific configurations are applied. In the example of FIG. 12C, N sensing burst measurement resource configurations (Config#0_0, #0_1, ..., #0_N-1) are applied to N sensing resources in one sensing burst (e.g., Burst #0). In other words, one resource configuration is applied to one sensing resource in a sensing burst.

[0136] Variation: In P / SP / AP sensing burst configuration, burst-common / burst-specific / sensing resource-specific sensing RS / signal configuration may be supported. For example, the UE may switch the RS to use based on an instruction from the TRP or the sensing results of different bursts.

[0137] The UE may receive parameters indicating the type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource of the sensing signal through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The time-frequency resource indicates the time length and bandwidth of one sensing signal / RS.

[0138] According to embodiment 1-3-3, the UE can appropriately receive / measure the sensing signal in accordance with the setting information related to the set sensing signal.

[0139] <<Embodiment 1-4>> In this embodiment, a sensing burst measurement resource configuration will be described. A UE receives a sensing burst measurement resource configuration (for the sensing RS of the P / SP / AP) from a P / SP / AP, and controls reception of the sensing RS in a sensing burst based on the configuration. The UE may receive at least one of the following parameters (instructions / configurations) in the sensing burst measurement resource configuration:

[0140] Parameters related to the sensing burst (e.g., L, T ｐ０, beam / antenna port, sensing mode, etc.) and at least one of the corresponding sensing burst IDs may be configured. The sensing burst IDs are set from 0 to L-1 in one sensing burst measurement resource configuration.

[0141] Parameters related to the sensing resource within one sensing burst (e.g., T ｄ０ , N, resource pattern, beam / antenna port, sensing mode, etc.), at least one of the corresponding sensing resource IDs in one sensing burst may be set. For each sensing burst in one sensing burst measurement resource configuration, the sensing resource ID is set from 0 to N-1.

[0142] Parameters related to the sensing signal in one sensing resource (sensing RS resource) (e.g., RS type, RS pattern, RS sequence, time-frequency resource, etc.).

[0143] <<<Embodiment 1-4-1>>> The configuration structure and parameters of P / SP sensing burst measurement resource configuration will be described.

[0144] In one sensing burst measurement resource configuration, the time domain resource allocation and sensing signal configuration may be configured commonly for all P / SP sensing bursts.

[0145] The following options may be applied to the configuration of beams / antenna ports for sensing bursts and sensing resources.

[0146] <<<<<Option a>>>> One or more beams / antenna ports are configured / designated separately from the TDRA and sensing signals, which allows burst-common configuration, burst-specific configuration, and sensing resource-specific configuration for multiple sensing resources within one sensing burst.

[0147] Option a-1: In one sensing burst measurement resource configuration including TDRA / signal, beams / antenna ports may be configured / instructed for L1 consecutive sensing bursts by individual parameters / parts / sub-configurations.

[0148] Option a-2: The beam / antenna port may be set / instructed by individual settings in the sensing burst measurement resource configuration including the TDRA / sensing signal. For example, in the case of a moving target, the beam is dynamically adjusted for the next burst based on the latest measurement results.

[0149] In option a-2, before receiving a new configuration / instruction, the UE always receives / measures (receives / measures at antenna ports) the beam based on the timeline / time interval defined in the specification and based on the latest configuration of the beam / antenna port for the subsequent P / SP sensing burst. For example, if the gap between the reception time of the configuration and the start time of the next sensing burst is smaller than a predefined time difference, the new configuration for the beam will be considered for the next sensing burst after the next sensing burst.

[0150] 13 is a diagram showing an example of Option a-2 of Embodiment 1-4-1. When the UE receives a new configuration / instruction, it receives / measures the beam based on the configuration / instruction (Configuration on beam). If the gap between the reception time of the configuration and the start time of the next sensing burst is smaller than a predefined time gap requirement, the new configuration is taken into account for the next sensing burst (Configuration on beam (Beam#3)).

[0151] <<<<<Specific Example of Option a-1>>>>> As the setting / instruction parameters (common parameters for TDRA and sensing signal bursts) required for the periodic / semi-persistent sensing burst measurement resource setting of Option a-1, for example, at least one of the following parameters may be included.

[0152] - Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst. - Burst period. - Burst duration, at least one of the number (N) of sensing RS resources in one sensing burst. - In one or N sensing resource configurations (one configuration indicates a resource-common configuration), the following parameters may be included: - Sensing resource ID (included only in the case of a sensing resource-specific configuration). - Signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource for one sensing resource. - Resource pattern of the N sensing resources.

[0153] The setting / instruction parameters (burst-common / specific parameters of beam / antenna port) required for the periodic / semi-persistent sensing burst measurement resource setting of Option a-1 may include, for example, at least one of the following parameters: - Burst-common parameters corresponding to Option 1 / 2 + Option a (same beam [sweeping] for all bursts) in Embodiment 1-3-1. For example, beam / antenna port instruction (index, etc.) for N sensing resources in one burst. - Option 1 / 2 + Option b (burst-specific parameters corresponding to different beams [sweeping] for multiple bursts) in Embodiment 1-3-1. For example, beam / antenna port instruction (e.g., index) for N x L1 sensing resources in L1 consecutive sensing bursts.

[0154] <<<<<Specific Example of Option a-2>>>> In the configuration of Option a-2, the configuration parameters for {burst-common / specific beam} and {burst-common TDRA+sensing signal} may be configured separately. In this case, the configuration / instruction parameters required for periodic / semi-persistent sensing burst measurement resource configuration may be at least one of the following:

[0155] - Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst. - Burst period. - Burst duration, at least one of the number of sensing RS resources (N) in one sensing burst. - In one or N sensing resource configurations (one configuration indicates a resource-common configuration), the following parameters may be included: - Sensing resource ID (included only in the case of a sensing resource-specific configuration) - Signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource for one sensing resource. - Resource pattern of the N sensing resources.

[0156] The setting / indication parameter required for the beam / antenna port of the sensing burst may be an indication (such as an index) of the beam / antenna port of one or L1 consecutive sensing bursts.

[0157] <<<<<Option b>>>> One or more beams / antenna ports are configured / indicated by one burst-common configuration together with the TDRA and sensing signal. This allows the UE to use one sensing burst measurement resource configuration for all P / SP sensing bursts. However, in Option 1 / 2 + Option b of Embodiment 1-3-1 (different beam [sweeping] configurations for different sensing bursts), this cannot be supported / configured / indicated by burst-common parameters / configurations. Therefore, parameters that realize burst-specific beams / antenna ports for P / SP sensing burst measurement resource configuration are supported, as in the following options:

[0158] Option 1: At least one of the first beam / antenna port index and the maximum available beam index may be set to indicate the offset / gap between two consecutive sensing bursts. For example, if the beam offset / gap between two consecutive sensing bursts is set to 1 and the maximum available beam index is set to 3, the UE determines the beam index as follows: (1) (2)

[0159] (1) In the case of option 2 (beam index 0) + option b in embodiment 1-3-1, the beams of the P / SP sensing burst are determined as {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, ...

[0160] (2) In the case of option 1 (beam sweep index is {0,1}) + option b in embodiment 1-3-1, the beam sweep index of the P / SP sensing burst is determined as {0,1}, {1,2}, {2,3}, {3,0}, {0,1}, {1,2}, {2,3}.

[0161] Option 1 allows for fewer parameters in the beam setup.

[0162] Option 2: The beam [sweeping] / antenna port for L1 consecutive sensing bursts may be set. The beam [sweeping] / antenna port for periodic / semi-persistent sensing bursts may be changed periodically based on the setting.

[0163] For example, if the set {0, 1, 2, 3} is used for the beam configuration of four consecutive sensing bursts, the beams of the P / SP sensing bursts will be {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}...

[0164] For example, in option 1+b of embodiment 1-3-1, if the beam setting of two consecutive sensing bursts with four sensing resources is set to {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, the beams of the P / SP sensing bursts will be {0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}.... The beams of the SP sensing bursts will be {0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}....

[0165] Option 2 provides greater flexibility in beam configuration for L1 continuous sensing bursts.

[0166] Variation: The option to be applied to the sensing burst measurement resource configuration may be explicitly indicated by the configuration parameters or may be implicitly determined by the configuration parameters. For example, if one beam and / or antenna port indicator (index) and the offset / gap of the index of the first beam / antenna port between two consecutive sensing bursts are configured for the P / SP sensing burst, Option 2+b of embodiment 1-3-1 is applied. If the parameters of Option 1+a of embodiment 1-3-1 are configured, Option 1+a is applied.

[0167] <<<<<Specific Example of Option b>>>>> A specific example of the setting parameters for burst common beam+TDRA+sensing signal for P / SP sensing bursts in option b will be described.

[0168] Resource common part: Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst. At least one of the following: burst period, burst duration, and the number (N) of sensing RS resources in one sensing burst. Resource pattern of the N sensing resources.

[0169] Option b-1 (Option 1+a in embodiment 1-3-1 (same beam sweeping for all bursts)): One or N sensing resource configurations. One configuration may indicate a resource common configuration. This configuration may include, for example, the following parameters: Sensing resource ID (may be set only in the case of a sensing resource-specific configuration; for example, N IDs). Sensing signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource for one sensing resource. Beam / antenna port indication (for example, index) for one sensing resource.

[0170] Option b-2 (Option 2+a in embodiment 1-3-1 (same beam for all bursts)): - Indication of one beam / antenna port (e.g., index). - One or N sensing resource configurations. One configuration may indicate a resource common configuration. This configuration may include, for example, the following parameters: - Sensing resource ID (may be set only in the case of a sensing resource-specific configuration, e.g., N IDs) - Sensing signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource for one sensing resource.

[0171] Option b-3 (Option 1+b of Embodiment 1-3-1 (Different beam sweeping in multiple bursts)): One or N sensing resource configurations. One configuration may indicate a resource common configuration. This configuration may include, for example, the following parameters: Sensing resource ID (may be set only in the case of a sensing resource-specific configuration; for example, N IDs); Sensing signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource for one sensing resource; At least one of: beam / antenna port indication (e.g., index) for one sensing resource, offset / gap of the first beam / antenna port index between two consecutive sensing bursts, maximum available beam index, and indication (e.g., index) of L1 beams / antenna ports for L1 consecutive sensing bursts.

[0172] Option b-4 (Option 2+b in embodiment 1-3-1 (different beams in multiple bursts)): - Indication of one beam / antenna port (e.g., index), offset / gap of the first beam / antenna port index between two consecutive sensing bursts, maximum available beam index, indication of L1 beams / antenna ports (e.g., index) for L1 consecutive sensing bursts. - One or N sensing resources. One configuration may indicate a resource common configuration. This configuration may include, for example, the following parameters: - Sensing resource ID (may be set only in the case of a sensing resource-specific configuration, e.g., N IDs) - Sensing signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource for one sensing resource.

[0173] <<<Embodiment 1-4-2>>> A configuration structure and parameters for aperiodic (AP) sensing burst measurement resource configuration will be described. At least one of the following options / variations may be used for the configuration.

[0174] <<<<<Option 1>>>> Burst-specific configuration for L sensing bursts in one AP sensing burst measurement resource configuration. For example, SSB for beam sweeping is used in sensing RS burst #0 for target detection and angle-delay-Doppler calculation / estimation. CSI-RS burst without beam sweeping is used in detecting RS burst #1 for accurate angle-delay-Doppler estimation.

[0175] <<<<<Option 2>>>> Parameter type specific configuration (e.g., parameter type 1 - beam / antenna port, parameter type 2 - TDRA, parameter type 3 - detection signal). Each parameter type can be configured / indicated as burst common or burst specific.

[0176] For example, CSI-RS is configured for all sensing bursts, i.e., the sensing signal is a burst-common parameter type. Beam sweeping and multiple antenna ports may be configured for sensing (target detection) of burst #0, while one antenna port may be configured for sensing (target tracking) of burst #1. That is, the beam pattern is configured with multiple values ​​for multiple sensing bursts, making it a burst-specific parameter type.

[0177] <<<<<Variations>>>> In the case of Option 1 + Option a / b (beam sweeping in each burst) in Embodiment 1-3-1, the number of sensing resources (N) / number of sensing bursts (L) in Embodiment 1-3-2 may be related to the angular range of the sensing range / number of sweeping beams.

[0178] For option 1 + option a of embodiment 1-3-1 (different beam [sweeping] for each burst), in embodiment 1-3-1, the number of beams / beam index / antenna port index may be set / indicated for each sensing burst resource measurement setting.

[0179] <<<Specific Example of Embodiment 1-4-2>>> A specific example of setting / instruction parameters required for aperiodic sensing burst measurement resources will be described. The following example may be combined with Option 1 / 2 and Option a / b of Embodiment 1-3-1.

[0180] <<<<<Configuration Example of Option 1 in Embodiment 1-4-2>>>> - The number of sensing bursts (L) in one sensing burst measurement resource configuration. - The start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst. - One or L configurations for L sensing bursts. One configuration may indicate a burst common configuration. - Burst ID (for example, if L sensing burst configurations are used, this may be included only in the burst-specific configuration). - Burst period (for L configurations, no value is set for the last sensing burst). - At least one of the burst duration and the number of sensing RS resources (N) in one sensing burst. - Resource pattern of the N sensing resources. - One or N sensing resource configurations: One configuration may indicate a resource common configuration. This configuration may include, for example, the following parameters: - Sensing resource ID (for example, if N sensing resource configurations are used, only the sensing resource-specific configuration may be used). Sensing signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource of one sensing resource. Beam / antenna port indication (e.g. index) of one sensing resource.

[0181] <<<<<Configuration Example of Option 2 in Embodiment 1-4-2>>>> Number of sensing bursts (L) in one sensing burst measurement resource configuration. Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst. Burst period: one value or L-1 values. At least one of burst duration (one value or L values), number of sensing RS resources in one sensing burst (one value or L values). Resource pattern for N sensing resources: for example, one pattern out of L patterns. Sensing signal type / pattern / sequence / time-frequency resource for each sensing resource in one burst: one configuration or L configurations. Indication (e.g., index) of one or L [sets] beams / antenna ports.

[0182] For each parameter, if only one value / setting / set is configured / indicated, the UE may consider it as a burst-common parameter, otherwise, if L values / settings / sets are configured / indicated for a parameter, the UE may consider each setting / indication as a burst-specific parameter.

[0183] 14 is a diagram showing an example of settings for sensing bursts in embodiment 1-4-2. Burst IDs from 0 to L-1 are set for sensing bursts (option 1). Sensing resource IDs from 0 to N-1 are set for resources within one sensing burst.

[0184] The UE may receive only one setting for the common parts of the settings for P / SP sensing bursts and the settings for AP sensing bursts. For example, the UE may receive a P / SP / AP common setting for sensing bursts, a P / SP setting (setting including only the parts not common to the AP setting), and an AP setting (setting including only the parts not common to the P / SP setting). This can reduce signaling overhead.

[0185] According to embodiments 1-4, the UE can appropriately receive / measure sensing signals according to the sensing burst measurement resource settings of the configured P / SP / AP.

[0186] <<Embodiment 1-5>> For sensing burst measurement, the type / purpose of a sensing burst may be defined / supported / configured / instructed to the UE. The UE may receive configuration information indicating the type / purpose of a sensing burst and determine the type / purpose of a sensing RS based on the configuration information. The type / purpose of a sensing burst may be different for each sensing burst or may be the same for one sensing burst measurement configuration.

[0187] The type / application may be, for example, at least one of "target detection" (or angle estimation by beam sweeping), "target estimation" (or angle estimation for target localization, or health monitoring of detected targets, etc.), "target tracking" (or velocity estimation), "coherent processing," and "noncoherent integration."

[0188] Any combination of the above sensing burst types / applications may also be defined / supported / configured / instructed, such as "target detection + localization + tracking," "coherent processing + target detection," "non-coherent integration + target localization," or "coherent processing + target tracking."

[0189] For example, sensing burst types / uses may be defined according to different sensing use cases and requirements / characteristics. One or more sensing burst types / uses may be supported in the ISAC system. When multiple sensing burst types / uses are supported (e.g., for a particular sensing mode), the sensing burst type / use of the measurement sensing burst may be determined based on at least one of the following options:

[0190] <<<Option 1>>> In the sensing burst measurement resource configuration, the sensing burst type / purpose is explicitly configured / indicated. The sensing burst type / purpose may be configured / indicated cell-wide, group-wide, or UE-specific.

[0191] In the absence of configuration / instruction from the gNB / SMF / LMF / SF, the UE may apply a default sensing burst type / use, for example, the default sensing burst type / use may be at least one of "target detection," "target estimation," "target tracking," "coherent processing," and "non-coherent integration."

[0192] In the case of P / SP sensing burst measurement resource configuration, the sensing burst type / use may be configured / instructed for all sensing bursts (i.e., burst-common configuration).In the case of AP sensing burst measurement resource configuration, the sensing burst type / use may be configured / instructed burst-common or burst-specific.

[0193] <<<Option 2>>> The gNB / UE may determine the sensing burst type / application based on the sensing use case / requirements (e.g., required sensing radius coverage, required accuracy, required sensing resolution, required KPI type, etc.). The association between the sensing use case and the sensing burst type may be defined in the specification, may be determined according to the capabilities of the gNB / UE, or may be explicitly configured in the gNB / UE by higher layer signaling.

[0194] <<<Option 3>>> The UE may determine the sensing burst type / purpose based on configured parameters. For example, the UE may determine the sensing burst type / purpose in the following manner: - If multiple beams / antenna ports are configured for one sensing burst, the UE may determine the sensing burst type to be "target detection." - If the same (single) beam is configured for one sensing burst and different beams are configured for multiple sensing bursts, the UE may determine the sensing burst type to be "target tracking." - If the burst duration is shorter than the coherence time of the channel and the same beam is configured for one sensing burst, the UE may determine the sensing burst type to be "coherent processing."

[0195] <<<Embodiment 1-5-1>>> A case where the sensing burst type / application is "target detection" will be described.

[0196] Target detection requires a P / SP sensing burst with beam sweeping. At least one of the parameters of options a / b-1 / b-3 of the P / SP sensing burst in embodiment 1-4-1 may be applied as a target detection parameter.

[0197] Potential Limitations / Requirements on Target Detection Parameters A minimum gap within a sensing burst or between two consecutive sensing bursts is required for beam or antenna port switching. For example, the minimum number of symbols between two consecutive sensing resources within a burst may be set to be no smaller than a predefined value.

[0198] The minimum gap value may depend on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the sensing signal / frequency band / UE capability.

[0199] To reduce overhead, the maximum number of antenna ports may be limited, for example, the maximum number of antenna ports may be set to not exceed a predefined value (i.e., to have a small number of beams and a wide beamwidth).

[0200] Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an example of target detection. As shown in Fig. 15, beam sweeping is performed to detect the target. That is, the UE changes the beam it uses over time.

[0201] <<<Embodiment 1-5-2>>> A case where the sensing burst type / application is "target estimation" will be described.

[0202] As a parameter for target detection, at least one of options a / b-1 / b-2 of the P / SP sensing burst and options 1 / 2 of the AP sensing burst in embodiments 1-4 may be applied.

[0203] Potential Limitations / Requirements on Target Estimation Parameters To achieve target localization accuracy goals, the maximum number of antenna ports (large number of beams, narrow beamwidth) / bandwidth may be limited. For example, the maximum allowed number of antenna ports / minimum allowed bandwidth may be set to be no smaller than a predefined value.

[0204] The number of sensing resources in a burst may be related to at least one of the number of estimated targets and the requirement for coherent processing.

[0205] 16A and 16B are diagrams illustrating examples of target estimation. As shown in FIG. 16A, one beam is used to estimate (e.g., locate) one target. In this case, the same beam is used for each resource within a sensing burst. As shown in FIG. 16B, two beams may be used to estimate (e.g., locate) two targets. In this case, different beams are used for different resources within a sensing burst.

[0206] <<<Embodiment 1-5-3>>> A case where the sensing burst type / application is "target tracking" will be described.

[0207] As parameters for target tracking, at least one of option a / b-4 for P / SP sensing bursts and option 1 / 2 (no beam sweeping within one burst) for AP sensing bursts in embodiments 1-4 may be applied.

[0208] Potential Limitations / Requirements on Target Tracking Parameters A maximum burst duration is required for velocity estimation (e.g., shorter than CPI). For example, the maximum burst duration may be set to not exceed a predefined value or a predefined rule (e.g., CPI or channel coherence time). The sensing resource pattern within one burst may be configured to meet the maximum and well-defined velocity requirement.

[0209] <<<Embodiment 1-5-4>>> A case where the sensing burst type / application is "coherent processing" will be described.

[0210] As parameters for coherent processing, at least one of options a / b-2 / b-4 for P / SP sensing bursts and option 1 / 2 (no beam sweeping within one burst) for AP sensing bursts in embodiments 1-4 may be applied.

[0211] Potential Limitations / Requirements on Coherent Processing Parameters Coherent processing may require a maximum burst duration, for example, the maximum burst duration may be set to not exceed a predefined value or a predefined rule (e.g., the coherence time of the channel).

[0212] 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of target tracking / coherent processing. As shown in FIG. 17, for target tracking / coherent processing, a different beam is applied for each sensing burst. That is, the UE changes the beam to be used for each sensing burst.

[0213] <<<Embodiment 1-5-5>>> A case where the sensing burst type / application is "non-coherent integration" will be described.

[0214] As parameters for non-coherent integration, at least one of options a / b-1 / b-2 / b-3 / b-4 for P / SP sensing bursts and options 1 / 2 for AP sensing bursts in embodiments 1-4 may be applied.

[0215] There may be no specific restrictions / requirements on the parameters.

[0216] According to embodiments 1 to 5, the UE can appropriately receive / measure sensing signals according to the configuration information indicating the type / use of the configured sensing burst.

[0217] <<Supplementary Information>> For one or more sensing bursts, the UE may report single or multiple sensing / measurement results.

[0218] <Second embodiment> A sensing RS burst when a UE transmits a sensing RS will be described. The second embodiment (embodiments 2-1 to 2-5) corresponds to the first embodiment (embodiments 1-1 to 1-5) in which "reception" and "measurement" (sensing burst / sensing RS reception / measurement) are replaced with transmission (sensing burst / sensing RS transmission). Descriptions of the same parts as in the first embodiment will be omitted.

[0219] <<Embodiment 2-1>> The number of sensing resources in one sensing burst may be defined / supported as follows.

[0220] The UE may support sensing bursts with candidate values ​​for the number of sensing resources / instances in one or more bursts. The UE may transmit UE capability information indicating support for the number of sensing resources / instances in one burst, or may receive configuration information (first configuration information) regarding the number and determine the number of sensing resources when transmitting a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the configuration information.

[0221] The maximum supported number of sensing resources in one burst may be defined in the specification.

[0222] The number of sensing resources / instances in one burst may be set in the same manner as in embodiment 1-1.

[0223] <<Embodiment 2-2>> A UE may support transmission of P / SP / AP sensing bursts. The UE may transmit UE capability information indicating support for P / SP / AP sensing bursts, or may receive configuration information (second configuration information) related to P / SP / AP sensing bursts. The UE may control transmission of a sensing RS based on the received configuration information.

[0224] The P / SP / AP sensing bursts may be configured in the same manner as in embodiment 1-2. The "sensing burst measurement resource configuration" in embodiment 1-2 may be replaced with "sensing burst transmission resource configuration."

[0225] The UE may receive parameters for transmitting sensing bursts via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, and may support at least one of the same or different time resources, beams, and antennas for multiple sensing bursts.

[0226] For example, the UE may receive configuration information (third configuration information) indicating the same or different beams / antennas for multiple sensing bursts / multiple sensing resources, and may control transmission of the sensing RS based on the third configuration information.

[0227] The UE may receive configuration information (fourth configuration information) regarding a time (TDRA) for a sensing burst, and may control reception of the sensing RS based on the fourth configuration information.

[0228] Parameters for transmitting a sensing burst may be set in the same manner as in embodiments 1 to 3. The "sensing burst measurement resource setting" in embodiments 1 to 3 may be replaced with "sensing burst transmission resource setting."

[0229] <<Embodiment 2-4>> The UE may receive sensing burst transmission resource configuration for P / SP / AP sensing burst transmission via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The UE may receive sensing burst transmission resource configuration (for the sensing RS of the P / SP / AP) from the P / SP / AP and control transmission of the sensing RS in the sensing burst based on the configuration. The sensing burst transmission resource configuration includes at least one of parameters related to the sensing burst, parameters related to the sensing resource in the sensing burst, and parameters related to the sensing signal in the sensing resource.

[0230] The settings for P / SP / AP sensing burst transmission may be configured in the same manner as in embodiments 1 to 4. The "sensing burst measurement resource setting" in embodiments 1 to 4 may be read as "sensing burst transmission resource setting."

[0231] For transmitting a sensing burst, different types / purposes of sensing bursts may be defined / supported / configured / instructed to the UE. The types / purposes may be, for example, at least one of "target detection" (or angle estimation by beam sweeping), "target estimation" (or angle estimation for target localization, or health monitoring of a detected target, etc.), "target tracking" (or velocity estimation), "coherent processing," and "non-coherent integration."

[0232] The UE may determine the type or use of the sensing burst based on the sensing use case or requirement.

[0233] The type / use for transmitting a sensing burst may be set in the same manner as in embodiments 1 to 5. In embodiments 1 to 5, "measuring a sensing burst" may be read as "transmitting a sensing burst," and "sensing burst measurement resource setting" may be read as "sensing burst transmission resource setting."

[0234] <<Embodiment 2-6>> When a specific condition is met, the UE may stop transmitting sensing resources / bursts before transmitting all sensing resources / bursts.

[0235] The specific condition may be at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.

[0236] Condition 1: When the UE receives an early termination request / command, or when it receives sensing / measurement results from the sensing side (e.g., gNB in ​​the case of UE-to-gNB bistatic sensing, UE in the case of UE-to-UE bistatic sensing) or gNB / LMF / SF.

[0237] Condition 2: The UE determines that the transmitted sensing burst is sufficient for sensing accuracy / resolution (e.g., in the case of monostatic sensing of the UE).

[0238] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0239] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0240] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0241] In addition, notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB).

[0242] In the above embodiment, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: QCL type A. QCL type B. QCL type C. QCL type D.

[0243] In the above-described embodiment, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs: SSB; CSI-RS with / without repetition; TRS; DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0244] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / indicated by the following methods: Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific; Cell-specific or common to multiple cells; Per UE / per CC / per BWP / per band / per cell / per cell group (CG).

[0245] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0246] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0247] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0248] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0249] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0250] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information; - Number of sensing resources / instances in one burst (sensing RS burst); - Supporting P / SP / AP sensing bursts; - Supported sensing burst types / uses; - Supporting measurement / reception / transmission of sensing bursts for speed estimation.

[0251] In the present disclosure, the terms "supporting" and "whether to support" may be read interchangeably.

[0252] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0253] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0254] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0255] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the first embodiment (Embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives first configuration information related to the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst; and a control unit that determines the number of sensing resources when receiving a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first configuration information. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, in which the receiving unit receives second configuration information related to periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic sensing bursts, and the control unit controls reception of the sensing RS based on the second configuration information. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, in which the receiving unit receives third configuration information indicating a beam or antenna port for a sensing burst or a sensing RS resource, and the control unit controls reception of the sensing RS based on the third configuration information. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the receiving unit receives fourth setting information related to a time for a sensing burst, and the control unit controls reception of the sensing RS based on the fourth setting information.

[0256] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the first embodiment (Embodiments 1-4 and 1-5) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic sensing burst measurement resource configuration; and a controller that controls reception of a sensing reference signal (RS) within a sensing burst based on the sensing burst measurement resource configuration. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the sensing burst measurement resource configuration includes at least one of a parameter related to a sensing burst, a parameter related to a sensing resource within the sensing burst, and a parameter related to a sensing signal in the sensing resource. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the receiver receives configuration information indicating a type or purpose of a sensing burst, and the type or purpose is at least one of target detection, target estimation, target tracking, coherent processing, and non-coherent integration. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the control unit determines a type or use of a sensing burst based on a use case or requirement of sensing.

[0257] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the second embodiment (Embodiments 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives first configuration information related to the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst; and a control unit that determines the number of sensing resources when transmitting a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first configuration information. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, in which the receiving unit receives second configuration information related to periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic sensing bursts, and the control unit controls transmission of the sensing RS based on the second configuration information. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, in which the receiving unit receives third configuration information indicating a beam or antenna port for a sensing burst or a sensing resource, and the control unit controls transmission of the sensing RS based on the third configuration information. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the receiving unit receives fourth setting information related to a time for a sensing burst, and the control unit controls transmission of the sensing RS based on the fourth setting information.

[0258] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the second embodiment (Embodiments 2-4 and 2-5) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic sensing burst transmission resource configuration; and a controller that controls transmission of a sensing reference signal (RS) within a sensing burst based on the sensing burst measurement resource configuration. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the sensing burst measurement resource configuration includes at least one of a parameter related to a sensing burst, a parameter related to a sensing resource within the sensing burst, and a parameter related to a sensing signal in the sensing resource. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the receiver receives configuration information indicating a type or purpose of a sensing burst, wherein the type or purpose is at least one of target detection, target estimation, target tracking, coherent processing, and non-coherent integration. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the control unit determines a type or use of a sensing burst based on a use case or requirement of sensing.

[0259] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0260] 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0261] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0262] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0263] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0264] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0265] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0266] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0267] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0268] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0269] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0270] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0271] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0272] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0273] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0274] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0275] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0276] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0277] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0278] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0279] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0280] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0281] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0282] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0283] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0284] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0285] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0286] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0287] 19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0288] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0289] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0290] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0291] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0292] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0293] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0294] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0295] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0296] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0297] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0298] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0299] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0300] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0301] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0302] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0303] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0304] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0305] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0306] The transceiver 120 may transmit first configuration information regarding the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst. The controller 110 may determine the number of sensing resources when transmitting a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first configuration information. The controller 110 may determine the number of sensing resources when receiving a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first configuration information.

[0307] The transceiver 120 may transmit a periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic sensing burst measurement resource configuration. The controller 110 may control transmission of a sensing reference signal (RS) within a sensing burst based on the sensing burst measurement resource configuration. The controller 110 may control reception of a sensing reference signal (RS) within a sensing burst based on the sensing burst measurement resource configuration.

[0308] (User Terminal) Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0309] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0310] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0311] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0312] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0313] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0314] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0315] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0316] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0317] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0318] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0319] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0320] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0321] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0322] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0323] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0324] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0325] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0326] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least part of the processing of the transmitter / receiver unit described in the above appendix.

[0327] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the above-mentioned supplementary notes.

[0328] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0329] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0330] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0331] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0332] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0333] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0334] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0335] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0336] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0337] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0338] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0339] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0340] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0341] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0342] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0343] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0344] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0345] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0346] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0347] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0348] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0349] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0350] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0351] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0352] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0353] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0354] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0355] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0356] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0357] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0358] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0359] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0360] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0361] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0362] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0363] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0364] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0365] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0366] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0367] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0368] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0369] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0370] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0371] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0372] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0373] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0374] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0375] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0376] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0377] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0378] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0379] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0380] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0381] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0382] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0383] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0384] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0385] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0386] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0387] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0388] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0389] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0390] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0391] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0392] 22 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0393] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0394] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0395] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0396] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0397] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0398] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0399] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0400] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0401] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0402] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0403] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0404] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0405] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0406] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0407] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0408] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0409] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0410] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0411] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0412] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0413] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0414] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0415] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0416] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0417] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0418] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0419] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0420] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0421] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0422] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0423] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0424] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0425] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0426] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives first setting information regarding the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst; and a control unit that determines the number of sensing resources when receiving a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first setting information.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives second setting information regarding periodic, semi-continuous, or aperiodic sensing bursts, and the control unit controls reception of the sensing RS based on the second setting information.

3. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the receiver receives third setting information indicating a beam or antenna port for a sensing burst or sensing RS resource, and the control unit controls reception of the sensing RS based on the third setting information.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives fourth setting information regarding a time for a sensing burst, and the control unit controls reception of the sensing RS based on the fourth setting information.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of receiving first setting information regarding the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst; and a step of determining the number of sensing resources when receiving a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first setting information.

6. A base station having: a transmitting unit that transmits first setting information regarding the number of sensing resources in a sensing burst; and a control unit that determines the number of sensing resources when transmitting a sensing reference signal (RS) based on the first setting information.

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