Glass manufacturing apparatus and glass manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a glass manufacturing apparatus comprising: a glass melting furnace that discharges a first discharge gas containing CO2 gas; a burner that forms a flame in the interior of the glass melting furnace; a recovery apparatus that recovers CO2 gas from the first discharge gas; a supply apparatus that supplies H2 gas; a reaction apparatus that generates a product by a reaction between the CO2 gas recovered by the recovery apparatus and the H2 gas supplied by the supply apparatus, and discharges a second discharge gas; and a supply line that supplies the second discharge gas to the burner, wherein the second discharge gas contains H2 gas and CO2 gas.

Description

Glass manufacturing apparatus and glass manufacturing method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a glass manufacturing apparatus and a glass manufacturing method.

[0002] The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a burner that forms a flame inside a glass melting furnace. ２ To reduce emissions, natural gas is sometimes used as a burner fuel instead of heavy oil. However, natural gas also contains CH4. ４ Natural gas is the main component of combustion gases, which means that the emissivity of the combustion gases produced by burning natural gas is low, resulting in low energy efficiency.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a technology related to carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). The CCUS described in Patent Document 1 extracts CO from exhaust gas of a glass melting furnace. ２ When recovering the gas, pre-treatment of the exhaust gas (including cooling, dust collection, cleaning and drying) is carried out to reduce CO ２ It removes impurities other than gases. In addition, part of the pre-treated exhaust gas is mixed with the untreated exhaust gas and used to cool the exhaust gas.

[0004] In Patent Document 2, CO ２ CO from exhaust gas containing CO ２ Gas is recovered and the recovered CO ２ Similarly, Patent Document 3 discloses the production of methanol from CO ２ CO from a gas mixture containing CO ２ Gas is recovered and the recovered CO ２ The production of methanol from gas is disclosed.

[0005] US Patent Application Publication No. 2022 / 0219117 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-337545 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 3-200734

[0006] Conventionally, in glass manufacturing equipment, the emissivity of the combustion gas produced by burning natural gas is low, resulting in low energy efficiency. ２ Further reductions in emissions were desired.

[0007] The present disclosure provides ２ Provided are a glass manufacturing apparatus and a glass manufacturing method that reduce emissions, improve the emissivity of combustion gas burned by a burner, and improve energy efficiency.

[0008] A glass manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a CO ２ a glass melting furnace that discharges a first exhaust gas containing a gas; a burner that forms a flame inside the glass melting furnace; and a CO ２ a recovery device for recovering the gas; ２ A supply device for supplying gas and CO recovered by the recovery device ２ gas and H supplied by the supply device ２ a reactor that generates a product by reacting with the gas and discharges a second exhaust gas, and a supply line that supplies the second exhaust gas to the burner. ２ Gas and CO ２ gas, and H in the second exhaust gas ２ Gas and CO ２ the total content of CO in the second exhaust gas is 90 mol % to 100 mol % ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is greater than 2.0.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, CO ２ This reduces emissions and improves the emissivity of the combustion gas burned by the burner, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a glass manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment.

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same or similar components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description may be omitted. In the specification, the symbol "to" indicating a range of values ​​means that the values ​​before and after it are included as the lower and upper limits. The range of values ​​includes the range rounded up or down.

[0012] A glass manufacturing apparatus 1 according to one embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1 . The glass manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a glass melting furnace 10. The glass melting furnace 10 contains glass raw materials and molten glass obtained by melting the glass raw materials. After being removed from the glass melting furnace 10, the molten glass is formed into a desired shape and slowly cooled. In this manner, a glass product is obtained.

[0013] The glass frit is prepared by mixing a plurality of materials. The glass frit may contain a fining agent. The glass frit may contain glass cullet in order to recycle the glass. The glass frit may be a powder raw material or a granulated raw material obtained by granulating the powder raw material. The glass frit is determined depending on the composition of the glass product.

[0014] The glass melting furnace 10 is preferably made of refractory bricks. Examples of refractory bricks include electroformed zirconia bricks, electroformed alumina bricks, electroformed alumina-zirconia bricks, electroformed AZS (Al-Zr-Si) bricks, and dense-fired bricks. The glass melting furnace 10 may be made of multiple types of refractory bricks.

[0015] The temperature inside the glass melting furnace 10 can be, for example, higher than 1200°C and lower than 2500°C. Here, in order to melt the glass raw materials, the temperature inside the furnace is preferably higher than 1200°C, more preferably higher than 1300°C, and even more preferably higher than 1500°C. From the viewpoint of the heat resistance of the firebricks, the temperature inside the glass melting furnace 10 is preferably lower than 2500°C, more preferably lower than 2000°C, even more preferably lower than 1700°C, and particularly preferably lower than 1600°C.

[0016] The glass manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a burner 20. The burner 20 generates a flame inside the glass melting furnace 10. The flame heats the glass raw materials and the molten glass. The glass raw materials are preferably added from above to the liquid surface of the molten glass, forming a layer on at least a portion of the liquid surface. The glass raw materials gradually melt into the molten glass. Although only one burner 20 is shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of burners 20 are preferably used.

[0017] Glass manufacturing apparatus 1 may also use a plurality of electrodes (not shown) as a heat source. The plurality of electrodes apply an AC voltage to the molten glass, thereby electrically heating the molten glass. In this case, the molten glass generates heat. Glass manufacturing apparatus 1 may also use an electric heater (not shown) as a heat source. The electric heater generates heat itself. Glass manufacturing apparatus 1 is only required to include at least burner 20 as a heat source.

[0018] The burner 20 forms a flame by burning a combustible gas and a combustion-supporting gas. The combustible gas includes a second exhaust gas discharged from the reaction device 50, which will be described later. The second exhaust gas includes H ２ Gas and CO ２ The combustion-supporting gas includes, for example, air, oxygen-enriched air, or pure oxygen gas. Oxygen-enriched air is a mixed gas of pure oxygen gas and air, and has a higher oxygen gas concentration than air. Hereinafter, the gas remaining after the combustion reaction of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas is referred to as combustion gas. The combustion gas contains at least CO ２ Includes gas.

[0019] The glass melting furnace 10 contains at least CO ２ The first exhaust gas may include a combustion gas. ２ The gas is CO released when the glass raw materials are melted. ２ If the glass frit contains carbonates such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, the glass frit may contain CO ２ Release gas.

[0020] The glass manufacturing apparatus 1 is ２ In order to reduce the amount of exhaust gas, a recovery device 30 is provided. The recovery device 30 recovers CO from the first exhaust gas. ２ The first exhaust gas is CO ２ In addition to gas, H ２ The first exhaust gas may contain CO gas, etc. ２ Gas and H ２ In addition to O gas, N ２ The recovery device 30 may selectively recover CO from the first exhaust gas. ２The gas is separated and recovered by a common separation and recovery method, such as a chemical absorption method, a physical absorption method, a membrane separation method, a physical adsorption method, and a cryogenic separation method.

[0021] The glass manufacturing apparatus 1 is configured to recover CO ２ In order to effectively utilize the gas, the system is equipped with a supply device 40 and a reaction device 50. The supply device 40 is a gas supply device for H ２ The gas is supplied to the reactor 50. The reactor 50 converts the CO ２ gas and H supplied by the supply device 40 ２ Reaction with the gas produces a product.

[0022] The reactor 50 produces, for example, methanol (CH ３ The reaction formula for producing methanol is, for example, ２ +3H ２ →CH ３ OH+H ２ O. Note that H ２ O may be separated and removed.

[0023] The reactor 50 discharges a second exhaust gas, the second exhaust gas being H ２ Gas and CO ２ The reactor 50 produces methanol (CH ３ When producing COOH, the reaction conversion rate is generally low, so the raw material CO ２ and H ２ Therefore, the reactor 50 cannot completely consume the H that was not converted into products. ２ Gas and CO ２ A second exhaust gas containing H that was not converted into products is discharged. ２ Gas and CO ２ The gas may be, for example, unreacted H ２ Gas and CO ２ In addition, if the reaction for producing methanol is a reversible reaction, the second exhaust gas contains H produced by the reverse reaction of the above reaction formula. ２ Gas and CO ２ The second exhaust gas may contain CO ２ Gas and H ２The total content of the gas is 90 mol% to 100 mol%, and CO ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is greater than 2.0. As long as this condition is met, the product is not limited to methanol. In addition to methanol, other products include, for example, methane, carbon monoxide, and synthetic fuels.

[0024] The glass manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a supply line 60 to improve the emissivity of the combustion gas in the glass melting furnace 10. The supply line 60 supplies the second exhaust gas discharged from the reaction device 50 to the burner 20. The burner 20 combusts the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas including the second exhaust gas.

[0025] When a plurality of burners 20 are provided, the supply line 60 only needs to supply the second exhaust gas to at least one burner 20, and does not need to supply the second exhaust gas to all of the burners 20. In other words, the supply line 60 may supply the second exhaust gas to some of the burners. Of the plurality of burners 20, the burner to which the second exhaust gas is supplied only needs to combust the combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas containing the second exhaust gas. However, this does not in any way exclude the supply line 60 from supplying the second exhaust gas to all of the burners 20.

[0026] As described above, the second exhaust gas is CO ２ Gas and H ２ The total content of the gas is 90 mol% to 100 mol%, and CO ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is greater than 2.0. By using the second exhaust gas having such a composition as at least a part of the combustible gas, it is possible to reduce the combustion temperature of the second exhaust gas by using only natural gas or CH ４ Compared to when only gas is used as the combustible gas, the emissivity of the combustion gas can be improved, and energy efficiency can be improved.

[0027] From the viewpoint of improving the emissivity of the combustion gas, the combustion gas is ２ O gas and CO ２ It is preferable that the gas contains a large amount of H２ O gas and CO ２ The gas is N ２ Unlike gases, etc., it has an electric dipole moment and improves energy efficiency by absorbing and emitting infrared rays. Emissivity is the ratio when the energy of light emitted by a black body at the same temperature (blackbody radiation) is set to 1.

[0028] CH ４ When gas is burned, 1 mole of CO ２ 2 moles of H to gas ２ O gas is produced. ２ O gas is CO ２ In order to improve the emissivity of the combustion gas, when the second exhaust gas is burned, 1 mole of CO ２ More than 2 moles of H relative to the gas ２ Therefore, the CO in the second exhaust gas ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is greater than 2.0.

[0029] Secondary exhaust CO ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is, for example, preferably more than 2.0 and 10.0 or less. Here, from the viewpoint of improving the emissivity of the combustion gas, CO ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is preferably 2.5 or more, and more preferably 3.0 or more. ２ The molar ratio (H ２ / CO ２ ) is preferably 10.0 or less.

[0030] The second exhaust gas is CO ２ Gas and H ２ It may contain components other than gas. ２ Gas and H ２ Components other than gas include H ２ O gas, N２ The second exhaust gas may be a mixture of CO, CO2, methanol, methane, etc. The lower the content of these components, the better. ２ Gas and H ２ The total content of the gases may be 90 mol % to 100 mol %, preferably 92 mol % to 100 mol %, and more preferably 95 mol % to 100 mol %.

[0031] The combustible gas may include the second exhaust gas, and may further include natural gas. ４ The glass raw material contains CO as a main component. The main component means the component that is contained in the largest amount by mol % among the components that make up natural gas. The amount of natural gas used is preferably as large as possible from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient combustion heat for melting the glass raw materials. The amount of natural gas used is preferably 0 mol % to 99 mol %, more preferably 50 mol % to 99 mol %, and even more preferably 80 mol % to 99 mol %. However, CO ２ From the viewpoint of reducing emissions, the smaller the amount of natural gas used, the better, and it may be 20 mol % or less, 10 mol % or less, or even 0 mol %.

[0032] The combustible gas may include the second exhaust gas, and H ２ It may further include gases such as H ２ When gas is burned, H ２ Gas and O ２ The gas reacts to form H ２ O gas is generated, and CO ２ No gas is generated. Therefore, CO ２ It is possible to reduce emissions. ２ When gas is burned, CO ２ No gas is generated, but CO is consumed in the reactor 50 ２ The gas is CO released when glass raw materials are melted. ２ It can be replenished with gas.

[0033] H in combustion gas ２From the viewpoint of the quality of glass products and the corrosion of furnace materials, the O gas concentration is preferably 80 mol% or less, more preferably 67 mol% or less, and even more preferably 35 mol% or less. ４ Gas and O ２ Molten glass is produced by burning gas (pure oxygen gas), and H ２ It has been confirmed that if the O gas concentration is 67 mol% or less, there are no problems with the quality of glass products or corrosion of furnace materials. ２ The O gas concentration is preferably 20 mol % or more.

[0034] If the atmosphere in the glass melting furnace 10 is H ２ If the O gas concentration is too high, NaOH gas derived from the Na contained in the molten glass is likely to be generated, which may corrode furnace materials such as bricks. ２ If the O gas concentration is too high, the water concentration in the molten glass will be high, which may result in a deterioration in the quality of the glass. ２ If the O gas concentration is within the above range, deterioration of glass quality and corrosion of furnace materials can be suppressed.

[0035] According to this embodiment, the combustible gas includes the second exhaust gas, and therefore, H ２ Therefore, the gas containing only H in the furnace atmosphere is not used. ２ The O gas concentration can be reduced. ２ The O gas concentration is mainly determined by the types of combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas, although it also depends on the type of glass raw material. ２ It is preferable that the combustion supporting gas contains a gas other than O. ２ Examples of gases other than the gas include N ２ Gas is one example.

[0036] The supply line 60 preferably supplies the second exhaust gas to some of the burners 20. For example, the second exhaust gas and a gas other than the second exhaust gas (e.g., CH ４ Gas or H ２When a combustible gas is used in combination with the burner 20, a structure according to the type of combustible gas can be adopted for each burner 20.

[0037] For example, some of the burners 20 may burn only the second exhaust gas as the combustible gas, and the remaining burners 20 may burn a gas other than the second exhaust gas as the combustible gas. However, all of the burners 20 may burn the same combustible gas. In other words, it is also possible for all of the burners to burn the second exhaust gas and a gas other than the second exhaust gas as the combustible gas.

[0038] Next, with reference to Table 1, the emissivity of combustion gases resulting from the combinations of combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas according to Examples 1 to 4 will be described. Examples 1 and 3 are comparative examples, and Examples 2 and 4 are working examples. Note that "-" in Table 1 indicates that the corresponding component was not used and therefore not included in the composition. Also, "0" in Table 1 indicates that the component was not detected in the composition.

[0039]

[0040] In Example 1, CH ４ The gas was combusted with air. ２ Gas: 78 mol%, O ２ In Example 2, the second exhaust gas was combusted with air. The second exhaust gas contained 21 mol % of H2O and 1 mol % of Ar gas. ２ Gas: 80 mol%, CO ２ The gas contained 20 mol % of the air, and the air had the same composition as in Example 1.

[0041] From Examples 1 and 2, if the second exhaust gas and air are burned, CH ４ Compared to the case of burning gas and air, H in the combustion gas (gas after combustion) ２ It is clear that the O content can be increased and the emissivity of the combustion gas can be improved.

[0042] In Example 3, CH ４ In Example 4, the second exhaust gas was combusted with pure oxygen gas. In Examples 3 and 4, unlike Examples 1 and 2, pure oxygen gas was used instead of air.

[0043] From Examples 3 and 4, if the second exhaust gas and pure oxygen gas are burned, CH ４ Compared to the case of burning gas and pure oxygen gas, the H in the combustion gas (gas after combustion) ２ It is clear that the O content can be increased and the emissivity of the combustion gas can be improved.

[0044] The following supplementary notes are disclosed regarding the above-described embodiments. [Supplementary Note 1] A glass melting furnace is provided in which glass frits and molten glass obtained by melting the glass frits are accommodated, and CO ２ a glass melting furnace that discharges a first exhaust gas containing a gas; a burner that forms a flame inside the glass melting furnace; and a gas extractor that extracts CO from the first exhaust gas. ２ a recovery device for recovering the gas; ２ a supply device for supplying a gas; and CO recovered by the recovery device. ２ gas and H supplied by the supply device ２ a reactor that generates a product by reacting with the gas and discharges a second exhaust gas; and a supply line that supplies the second exhaust gas to the burner, wherein the second exhaust gas is H ２ Gas and CO ２ Gases include H ２ Gas and CO ２ The total content of the gas is 90 mol% to 100 mol%, and CO ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is greater than 2.0. [Appendix 2] The glass manufacturing apparatus according to Appendix 1, wherein the reaction apparatus produces methanol as the product. [Appendix 3] The glass manufacturing apparatus according to Appendix 1 or 2, wherein the burners are provided in plurality, and the supply line supplies the second exhaust gas to some of the burners. [Appendix 4] A glass manufacturing method, comprising melting the glass raw materials using the glass manufacturing apparatus according to any one of Appendices 1 to 3 to produce the molten glass.

[0045] The glass manufacturing apparatus and glass manufacturing method according to the present disclosure have been described above, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Various changes, modifications, substitutions, additions, deletions, and combinations are possible within the scope of the claims. These changes also naturally fall within the technical scope of the present disclosure.

[0046] Although the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. This application is based on a Japanese patent application (Patent Application No. 2024-155260) filed on September 9, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0047] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 glass manufacturing apparatus 10 glass melting furnace 20 burner 30 recovery device 40 supply device 50 reactor 60 supply line

Claims

1. A glass raw material and molten glass obtained by melting the glass raw material are placed in a CO ２ a glass melting furnace that discharges a first exhaust gas containing a gas; a burner that forms a flame inside the glass melting furnace; and a gas extractor that extracts CO from the first exhaust gas. ２ a recovery device for recovering the gas; ２ a supply device for supplying a gas; and CO recovered by the recovery device. ２ gas and H supplied by the supply device ２ a reactor that generates a product by reacting with the gas and discharges a second exhaust gas; and a supply line that supplies the second exhaust gas to the burner, wherein the second exhaust gas is H ２ Gas and CO ２ gas, and H in the second exhaust gas ２ Gas and CO ２ the total content of CO in the second exhaust gas is 90 mol % to 100 mol % ２ H for gas ２ Molar ratio of gas (H ２ / CO ２ ) is greater than 2.

0.

2. The glass manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reactor produces methanol as the product.

3. The glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of the burners, and wherein the supply line supplies the second exhaust gas to some of the burners.

4. A method for manufacturing glass using the glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.

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