Foamable two-component polyurethane composition, process for manufacturing a quiet tire, quiet tires, and automobiles
A foamable two-component polyurethane composition with specific components addresses inefficiencies and safety concerns in tire manufacturing, providing enhanced sound absorption and durability with improved production efficiency and safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-19
AI Technical Summary
Conventional methods for manufacturing quiet tires using foamable polyurethane compositions are inefficient, costly, and pose fire safety risks due to combustibility, with poor durability and sound absorption performance.
A foamable two-component polyurethane composition comprising specific ratios of polyether polyol, foaming agent, catalyst, and isocyanates, which can be quickly applied to tire interiors to form a sound-absorbing layer with improved adhesion and sound absorption, while incorporating flame retardants for safety.
The process enhances production efficiency, sound absorption, durability, and safety, reducing costs and simplifying manufacturing with improved quality control and customization.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024118988-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024118988-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024118988-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
FOAMABLE TWO-COMPONENT POLYURETHANE COMPOSITION, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A QUIET TIRE, QUIET TIRES, AND AUTOMOBILESTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a foamable two-component (2K) polyurethane composition, a process for manufacturing a quiet tire using the composition, quiet tires manufactured thereby, and automobiles comprising the quiet tires.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] With the rapid development of the automobile industry, various environment-friendly, low-noise new energy automobiles such as hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles and the like have been continually updated over the past few decades. Meanwhile, there are higher requirements on the overall performance of automobiles, wherein the comfort of automobiles gets more attention from consumers. In particular, quietness of automobiles is typically an important measurement for the comfort thereof. The noises inside the automobiles are mainly caused by the road excitation during traveling, and automobile enterprises generally devote to a quiet tire for avoiding or alleviating such noises. Denoising is especially essential for electric automobiles, which have no engine as a dominant noise source, thereby amplifying the noise caused by tires.
[0003] Conventional means for improving the quietness of tires mainly include, for example: (1) adjusting a structure of a tire, such as adjusting the pattern of the tire tread to reduce noises generated by a friction between tires and roads; and (2) depositing a sound-absorbing material inside a tire to absorb noises constantly reflected within the inner cavity of tires, the mechanism thereof being creating friction between pores of the sound-absorbing material and noises and restricting the air flow.
[0004] With regard to deposition of a sound-absorbing material, a sound-absorbing sponge, such as a sponge formed by a foamable polyurethane composition, is typically mounted onto an internal surface of a tire. In general, mounting of the sponge may be performed by a process comprising the steps of: (a) cleaning an internal surface of a untreated tire; (b) cutting a sponge into one or more pieces with a desired shape (s) and size (s) ; and (c) bonding the pieces onto one or more regions, for example the entire internal surface, especially the internal surface corresponding to the crown region, of the tire using an adhesive. However, this is unsatisfying, due to the complex steps, the high requirements on the matching degree between adhesives and sponges, a long production time and thus a low production efficiency, a liability of detaching sponges and thus a poor durability, a high production cost, and other defects.
[0005] Due to the inclusion of combustible hydrocarbon chain segments, a low density and a large specific surface area, the polyurethane foam, which is not subjected to a flame-retardant treatment, is combustible and will burn when it meets fire, and its combustion process is very fast with producing a large amount of poisonous smoke. In particular, the polyurethane soft foam has a high content of open cell and combustible ingredients, and it is easy to be flammable and difficult to be self-extinguishing due to a high air circulation and a constant supply of oxygen. Thus, it is always desirable to improve the flame retardancy of the polyurethane foam.
[0006] In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the art to develop a foamable polyurethane composition which may find utility in the manufacture of quite tires, a process for manufacturing quiet tires, and a high-performance quiet tire, which may address some or all of those aforesaid shortcomings.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present inventors have conducted an intensive study, and found that the aforesaid object can be achieved by a foamable two-component (2K) polyurethane composition and a novel process for manufacturing a quiet tire as expatiated hereinafter. The foamable 2K polyurethane composition may be foamed and cured quickly, and can yield a polyurethane foam layer which exhibits an excellent adhesion property to the internal surface of tires and an excellent sound absorption performance. As compared with conventional processes for manufacturing quiet tires, the process of the present invention has advantages including: (a) improved production efficiency; (b) improving the sound absorption performance and durability of quiet tires; (c) increased productivity; (d) cost saving; (e) a simplified manufacturing; (f) improved quality control; and (g) customization, all of which will be illustrated below in detail.
[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a foamable two-component (2K) polyurethane composition, comprising:
[0009] (a) a first component comprising:
[0010] (a-1) a polyether polyol having an ethylene oxide (EO) content of 5-50 wt. %based on the weight of the polyether polyol;
[0011] (a-2) a foaming agent;
[0012] (a-3) a catalyst;
[0013] (a-4) optionally, a crosslinker; and
[0014] (a-5) optionally, a surfactant, and
[0015] (b) a second component, comprising based on the total weight of the second component:
[0016] (b-1) a polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in an amount of 20-60 wt. %, preferably 25-50 wt. %, more preferably 30-45 wt. %;
[0017] (b-2) a mixture of 2, 2’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and 4, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, in an amount of 40-80 wt. %, preferably 45-70 wt. %;
[0018] wherein the amount of 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate in the component (b-2) is in a range of 10-40 wt. %, preferably 10-30 wt. %, and more preferably 10-20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the component (b-2) ; and
[0019] (b-3) a toluene diisocyanate in an amount of 0-40 wt. %, preferably 0-30 wt. %, more preferably 0-25 wt. %.
[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a process for manufacturing a quiet tire, comprising applying the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the first aspect onto an internal surface of a tire at a rotation speed of the tire in the range of 100-500 rpm.
[0021] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a quiet tire manufactured using the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the first aspect or the process of the second aspect.
[0022] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an automobile comprising the quiet tire of the third aspect.
[0023] These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from the detailed description herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0024] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention. Unless clearly indicated to the contrary, each aspect so described may be combined with any other aspect (s) , especially any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature (s) indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
[0025] Term List
[0026] All terms used in the present invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. By means of further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention. In case of conflict, the present invention, including definitions, will control.
[0027] The singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” as used herein include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0028] Unless specified otherwise, the recitation of numerical end points includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited end points.
[0029] The term “at least one” or “one or more” used herein for defining a component refers to the type of the component, and not to the absolute number of molecules. For example, “one or more polyols” or “at least one polyol” means one type of polyol or a mixture of a plurality of different polyols.
[0030] The terms “comprising” , “comprises” and “comprised of” as used herein are synonymous with “including” , “includes” , “containing” or “contains” , are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited components, members, elements or method steps. The term “consisting of” excludes any element, ingredient, member or method step not specified.
[0031] When amounts, concentrations, dimensions and other parameters are expressed in the form of a range, a preferable range, an upper limit value, a lower limit value or preferable upper and limit values, it should be understood that any ranges obtainable by combining any upper limit or preferable value with any lower limit or preferable value are also specifically disclosed, irrespective of whether the obtained ranges are clearly mentioned in the context.
[0032] The term “about” used herein in relation to a numerical value means the numerical value plus or minus 10%.
[0033] The term “room temperature” as used herein refers to 23℃ plus or minus 2℃.
[0034] The term “primary hydroxyl content” is used herein to refer to the relative proportion (in %) of primary hydroxyl groups in a polyether polyol based on total number of hydroxyl groups including primary and secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups.
[0035] The term “ethylene oxide content (EO content) ” or “propylene oxide content (PO content) ” as used herein refers to the content of EO unit or the content of PO unit in the polyether polyol based on the weight of the polyether polyol.
[0036] The viscosity may be measured using a Brookfield viscometer DV2TRV with a RV-3 spindle at a suitable speed of for example 30 rpm at room temperature.
[0037] Number-average molecular weight (Mn) and weight-average molecular weight (Mw) may be obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) calibrated against polystyrene standards in accordance with DIN 55672-1: 2007-08, unless otherwise stipulated.
[0038] Foamable Two-Component (2K) Polyurethane Composition
[0039] In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to a foamable two-component (2K) polyurethane composition, comprising:
[0040] (a) a first component comprising:
[0041] (a-1) a polyether polyol having an ethylene oxide (EO) content of 5-50 wt. %based on the weight of the polyether polyol;
[0042] (a-2) a foaming agent;
[0043] (a-3) a catalyst;
[0044] (a-4) optionally, a crosslinker; and
[0045] (a-5) optionally, a surfactant, and
[0046] (b) a second component, comprising based on the total weight of the second component:
[0047] (b-1) a polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in an amount of 20-60 wt. %, preferably 25-50 wt. %, more preferably 30-45 wt. %;
[0048] (b-2) a mixture of 2, 2’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and 4, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, in an amount of 40-80 wt. %, preferably 45-70 wt. %;
[0049] wherein the amount of 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate in the component (b-
[0050] 2) is in a range of 10-40 wt. %, preferably 10-30 wt. %, and more preferably 10-20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the component (b-2) ; and
[0051] (b-3) a toluene diisocyanate in an amount of 0-40 wt. %, preferably 0-30 wt. %, more preferably 0-25 wt. %.
[0052] The components of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention will be illustrated below in detail.
[0053] (a) The First Component
[0054] The first component comprises (a-1) a polyether polyol having an ethylene oxide (EO) content of 5-50 wt. %based on the weight of the polyether polyol; (a-2) a foaming agent; (a-3) a catalyst; (a-4) optionally, a crosslinker; and (a-5) optionally, a surfactant.
[0055] The first component may have a viscosity at 25℃ of 100 to 50,000 mPa·s, preferably 500 to 10,000 mPa·s, and more preferably 700 to 4,000 mPa·s, such as 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,100, 1,200, 1,300, 1,400, 1,500, 1,600, 1,700, 1,800, 1,900, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000, 25,000, 30,000, 35,000, 40,000, 45,000, 50,000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0056] It is preferable that the first component comprises no other polymeric polyol (e.g., a polyester polyol) other than the component (a-1) , and comprises no a polyether amine either.
[0057] (a-1) Polyether Polyol Having an Ethylene Oxide (EO) Content of 5-50 wt. %
[0058] Apart from the EO unit, the polyether polyol may comprise other unit (s) derived from alkylene oxide, such as propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran and mixtures thereof.
[0059] Preferably, the ethylene oxide content (EO content) based on the weight of the polyether polyol can be 8-50 wt. %, and more preferably 12-50 wt. %, such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0060] The polyether polyol suitable for use in the present invention preferably is a polyol containing EO unit and propylene oxide (PO) unit, more preferably a polyol containing the EO unit as the ending unit (hereinafter being referred to as EO-terminated polyether polyol) .
[0061] Preferably, the EO-terminated polyether polyol comprises:
[0062] ‐ an ethylene oxide content (EO content) of 5-50 wt. %, preferably 8-50 wt. %, and more preferably 12-50 wt. %, such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above; and
[0063] ‐ a propylene oxide content (PO content) of 50-95 wt. %, preferably 50-92 wt. %, and more preferably 50-88 wt. %, such as 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0064] The expression “EO content of 5-50 wt. %” or “PO content of 50-95 wt. %” as used herein should be interpreted as follows. When only one type of EO-terminated polyether polyol is used, the EO content or PO content of this EO-terminated polyether polyol itself is the EO content or PO content of the EO-terminated polyether polyol. If two or more types of EO-terminated polyether polyols are used, the EO content or PO content of the EO-terminated polyether polyol refers to the calculated EO content or PO content in accordance with the following equations (I-1) or (I-2) , that is, these EO-terminated polyether polyols as a whole have a calculated EO content of 5-50 wt. %or a calculated PO content of 50-95 wt. %. This means that an EO-terminated polyether polyol having an EO content or a PO content outside the aforesaid respective ranges can be used, as long as the calculated EO and PO contents meet the respective specified ranges respectively: EO content (%) = W1 × EO content1 + W2 × EO content2 +…Wn × EO contentn (I-1) PO content (%) = W1 × PO content1 + W2 × PO content2 +…Wn × PO contentn (I-2)
[0065] wherein:
[0066] ‐ W1 is weight percentage of a first EO-terminated polyether polyol based on the total weight of EO-terminated polyether polyols, and EO content1 and PO content1 represent the EO content and PO content of the first EO-terminated polyether polyol respectively;
[0067] ‐ W2 is weight percentage of a second EO-terminated polyether polyol based on the total weight of EO-terminated polyether polyols, and EO content2 and PO content2 represent the EO content and PO content of the second EO-terminated polyether polyol respectively;
[0068] ‐ Wn is weight percentage of a nth EO-terminated polyether polyol based on the total weight of EO-terminated polyether polyols, and EO contentn and PO contentn represent the EO content and PO content of the nth EO-terminated polyether polyol respectively.
[0069] The aforesaid EO content is important for the present invention. The present inventors have found that, if the polyether polyol has an EO content outside the aforesaid ranges, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
[0070] The term “EO-terminated polyether polyol” means that the EO blocks are present at the ends of the polyether chains, which ensures that the polyether polyol has a relatively high primary hydroxyl content, for example, a primary hydroxyl content of 70-99%, or 75-95%, or 80-90%, such as 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or any ranges between two numbers listed above. This primary hydroxyl content in turn results in a quick reaction speed of the polyether polyol with the isocyanate components.
[0071] The polyether polyol is suitably based on a hydroxyl-containing starting compound, for example, one or more polyfunctional alcohols, containing 2-8 hydroxyl groups. Examples of suitable polyfunctional alcohols include, but not limiting to, glycols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, sorbitol and mannitol.
[0072] The polyether polyol may have an average functionality of 2 to 6, for example, 3 to 5, or 3 to 4, such as 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
[0073] The polyether polyol may have a number-averaged molecular weight Mn of 2,500 to 15,000 g / mol, preferably 3,000 to 10,000 g / mol, and more preferably 4,000 to 8,000 g / mol, such as 2,500, 3,000, 3,500, 4,000, 4,500, 5,000, 5,500, 6,000, 6,500, 7,000, 7,500, 8,000, 8,500, 9,000, 9,500, 10,000, 10,500, 11,000, 11,500, 12,000, 12,500, 13,000, 13,500, 14,000, 14,500, 15000 g / mol, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0074] Suitable polyether polyols may be prepared by any known technique in the art, or are commercially available. Examples of commercial available polyether polyols include, but not limiting to: NJ-330N, NJ-360N, and NJ-4245 available from Jurong Ningwu New Material Co., Ltd.; CHE-330N, CHE-360N CHE-828, and CHE-628 available from Changhua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; YD-330N available from Hebei Yadong Chemical Group Co., Ltd.; Puranol F 6028 (EO content: 10-20%; primary hydroxyl content: 70-85%; functionality: 6; Mn: 12,000 g / mol) , Puranol F 523 (EO content: 10-20%; primary hydroxyl content: 70-85%; functionality: 3; Mn: 7,000 g / mol) , and Puranol F 3600 (EO content: 10-20%; primary hydroxyl content: 70-85%; functionality: 3; Mn: 6,000 g / mol) available from JIAHUA CHEMICALS INC.; Voralux HF 505, and Voranol CP 6001 available from Dow; and the like.
[0075] The polyether polyol may be used in the first component in an amount of 80-99 wt. %, preferably 85-97 wt. %, and more preferably 90-96 wt. %, such as 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0076] (a-2) Foaming Agent
[0077] The first component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention further comprises a foaming agent, which is used for producing voids in the polyurethane matrix during polymerization.
[0078] There is no particular limitation on the foaming agent, and those foaming agents commonly used in the foamable polyurethane composition may also be used in the present invention. For example, the foaming agents suitable for use in the present invention include a chemical foaming agent, a physical foaming agent, or a combination thereof.
[0079] Suitable chemical foaming agents are compounds which can react with the isocyanate groups to eliminate a gas, e.g., water and carboxylic acids such as formic acid.
[0080] Suitable physical foaming agents are either (1) compounds which are inert to the starting components, are usually liquid at room temperature and vaporize under the conditions of the urethane reaction, and which preferably have a boiling point of lower than 50℃; or (2) compounds which are gaseous at room temperature and are introduced or dissolved under pressure into the starting components, e.g., liquid carbon dioxide, low-boiling alkanes and fluoroalkanes. For example, suitable physical foaming agents include, but not limiting to, liquid carbon dioxide, alkanes and cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, C1-8 fluoroalkanes, and the like. Specific examples include, but not limiting to, propane, n-butane, isobutene, cyclobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl formate, acetone, as well as fluoroalkanes selected from a group consisting of trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluorobutane, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-heptafluoropropane, and perfluoroalkanes, such as C3F8, C4F10, C5F12, C6F14 and C7F17.
[0081] The foaming agent is preferably water, formic acid, liquid carbon dioxide, cyclopentane, or any combination thereof; and is more preferably water.
[0082] The foaming agent may be used in the first component in an amount of 1-20 wt. %, preferably 2-15 wt. %, and more preferably 3-10 wt. %, such as 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 15.5, 16, 16.5, 17, 17.5, 18, 18.5, 19, 19.5, 20 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0083] (a-3) Catalyst
[0084] The first component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention may comprise a catalyst to expedite the foam-forming reaction. Catalysts suitable for use in the present invention include a foaming catalyst which favors the urea (foaming) reaction, a curing catalyst which favors the urethane (gel) reaction, a balanced catalyst which favors both the foaming and gel reactions, or any combination thereof.
[0085] Examples of suitable curing catalysts include, but not limiting to, amidines, for instance, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, 2, 3-dimethyl-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine, and salts thereof.
[0086] Examples of suitable foaming catalysts are short chain tertiary amines or tertiary amines containing at least one oxygen, and may include, but not limiting to: bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether; pentamethyldiethylene triamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, dimethyIethanolamine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylethylenediamine, urea, and any combination thereof. The foaming catalyst is preferably bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.
[0087] Examples of suitable balanced catalysts are cyclic tertiary amines or long chain amines containing several nitrogen atoms, for example, dimethylbenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylbutanediamine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylhexanediamine, bis (dimethylaminopropyl) urea, dimethylpiperazine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, 1, 2-dimethyl-imidazole, 1-aza-bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, triethylenediamine, and the like. The balanced catalyst is preferably triethylenediamine.
[0088] It is preferred to use a combination of a foaming catalyst and a curing catalyst, a combination of a foaming catalyst and a balanced catalyst, or a combination of a foaming catalyst, a curing catalyst and a balanced catalyst; more preferably a combination of a foaming catalyst and a balanced catalyst; and especially preferably a combination of bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether and triethylenediamine.
[0089] Commercially available examples of suitable catalysts include, but not limiting to, NIAX A-1, NIAX A-4, NIAX A-33, NIAX EF-150, and NIAX EF-680 available from Momentive; DABCO BL-11, DABCO 33-LV, DABCO DMDEE, DABCO R-8020, DABCO NE300, DABCO NEM, DABCO T, POLYCAT 5, POLYCAT 6, POLYCAT 8, POLYCAT 9, POLYCAT 15, POLYCAT 58, and POLYCAT 77 available from Evonik; JAFFCAT ZF-10, JAFFCAT ZF-20, JAFFCAT ZF-22, and JEFFCAT Z-130 from Huntsman; TOYOCAT RX 20, and TOYOCAT NP available from Tosho Corporation; and the like.
[0090] The catalyst may be used in the first component in an amount of 0.1-5 wt. %, preferably 0.2-3 wt. %, and more preferably 0.3-1 wt. %, such as 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the first component. If the amount of the catalyst is less than 0.1 wt. %, the polyurethane foam layer will not have a flat and smooth surface.
[0091] (a-4) Optional Crosslinker
[0092] The first component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention may optionally comprise a crosslinker, so as to promote or regulate intermolecular bonding between polymer chains, thereby linking them together to improve the rigidity of structure.
[0093] The crosslinkers suitable for use in the present invention preferably are compounds, which bear at least three functional groups having active hydrogen, such as hydroxyl groups, primary amino groups and secondary amino groups. Specific examples of suitable crosslinkers include, but not limiting to, a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol, dextrose, sorbitol and sucrose; a polyol having an alkylene oxide added to a polyhydric alcohol; an amine compound, such as triethanolamine; and the like. The crosslinker is preferably glycerol, triethanolamine, or any combination thereof.
[0094] The crosslinker may be used in the first component in an amount of 0-15 wt. %, preferably 0.2-10 wt. %, and more preferably 0.5-5 wt. %, such as 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0095] (a-5) Optional Surfactant
[0096] The first component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention may optionally comprise a surfactant, so as to emulsify liquid ingredients, increase the compatibility of ingredients, control the size of bubbles of the foam to obtain a desired cell structure, and stabilize the cell structure to prevent collapse and sub-surface voids.
[0097] There is no particular limitation on the surfactant, and those surfactants commonly used in a foamable polyurethane composition may be used in the present invention. For example, the surfactant may be a silicone-type surfactant or a non-silicone surfactant, and preferably a silicone-type surfactant.
[0098] The silicone surfactant is a compound having a polysiloxane chain and a polyoxyalkylene chain. The polysiloxane chain means an organopolysiloxane chain having an organic group in the side chain, e.g., a dimethylsiloxane chain; and the polyoxyalkylene chain means a portion wherein an alkylene oxide is added. As the addition of the alkylene oxide, for example, a block addition in which a single alkylene oxide is added thereto, or a random addition in which at least two alkylene oxides are added randomly, may be mentioned, and these additions may be present also as mixed. The structure of this surfactant may be a block type structure of a polysiloxane chain and a polyoxyalkylene chain or a structure in which a polyoxyalkylene chain is grafted as the side chain to a polysiloxane chain as the main chain.
[0099] Suitable non-silicone surfactants include, for example, a non-silicone non-ionic surfactant, of which the specific examples include, but not limiting to, oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil esters, ricinoleic acid esters, turkey red oil, groundnut oil, paraffins, and fatty alcohols.
[0100] Commercially available silicone-type surfactants include, but not limiting to, TEGOSTAB series, such as TEGOSTAB B 8715 LF 2, B 8734 LF 2, B-8729, B-8719, B-8404, B-8407, B 8747 LF 2, B-8461, B-8409, and B-8462 available from Evonik; NIAX series, such as NIAX L-2171, L-3001, L-3002, L-5130, L-5180, L-5340, L-5440, L-6100, L-6900, L-6980, and L-6988 available from Momentive; and the like. Commercially available non-silicone surfactants include, but not limiting to, LK-443 available from Air Products Corporation.
[0101] The surfactant may be used in the first component in an amount of 0-10 wt. %, preferably 0.05-5 wt. %, and more preferably 0.15-3 wt. %, such as 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0102] Optional Flame Retardant
[0103] The first component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention may optionally comprise a flame retardant, preferably an additive-type phosphorus-containing flame retardant which refers to a flame retardant of phosphorus-containing compound having no any reactive functional group.
[0104] Suitable examples of additive-type phosphorus-containing flame retardants include halogenated or non-halogenated organic phosphorus compounds having no reactive functional groups, or oligomers derived therefrom.
[0105] Examples of suitable halogenated organic phosphorus compounds or oligomers derived therefrom include monomeric or oligomeric halogenated phosphate esters, monomeric or oligomeric halogenated phosphonate esters, and the like, and specific examples include, but not limiting to: tris (chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (chloropropyl) phosphate, tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate, monobromoneopentyldi (chloropropyl) phosphate, di (monobromoneopentyl) chlorotepropyl phosphate, monobromoneopentyldi (chloroethyl) phosphate, di (monobromoneopentyl) chloroethyl phosphate, tris (2, 3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, chlorinated polyphosphonate, tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate, tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) -2, 2-bis (chloromethyl) propylene diphosphate, and any combination thereof.
[0106] Examples of non-halogenated organic phosphorus compounds or oligomers derived therefrom include, but not limiting to: (1) monomeric phosphate esters, e.g., triphenyl phosphate (TPP) , naphthyldiphenyl phosphate, dinaphthylphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate (TCP) , cresyldiphenyl phosphate (CDP) , trixylenyl phosphate (TXP) , tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate (TMP) , triethyl phosphate (TEP) , tributyl phosphate (TBP) , and tributoxyethyl phosphate; (2) oligomeric phosphate esters, e.g., resorcinol bis (diphenylphosphate) , bisphenol-Abis (diphenylphosphate) , resorcinol bis (bis (2, 6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate) , hydroquinone bis (bis (2, 6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate) , and biphenol bis (bis (2, 6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate) ; and any combination thereof.
[0107] The flame retardant is preferably a phosphate ester, a phosphonate ester, or any combination thereof; more preferably a phosphate ester; especially preferably tricresyl phosphate (TCP) , cresyldiphenyl phosphate (CDP) , triethyl phosphate (TEP) , or any combination thereof; and most preferably triethyl phosphate (TEP) .
[0108] Examples of commercially available flame retardants include, but not limiting to, Firemaster-LV-T23P available from Great Lakes Chemical Corporation; Antiblaze 78 available from Albright & Wilson Limited; Thermolin 101 available from Olin Corporation; Phosgard 2XC20 available from Monsanto Company; TCP, CDP and TEP available from Nantong Liwei Trade Co., Ltd.; and the like.
[0109] The flame retardant may be used in the first component in an amount of 0-50 parts by weight, preferably 5-50 parts by weight, and more preferably 10-50 parts by weight, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 parts by weight, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on 100 parts by weight of the first component. Higher amounts of the flame retardant impart higher flame retardant grade, but an excessively high amount will result in deteriorated mechanical properties of the foam.
[0110] Optional Other Additives
[0111] The first component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention may further optionally comprise one or more optional additives, which can impart improved properties to the composition and which include, but not limiting to, an antioxidant, a viscosity modifier, a filler, a chain extender, a cell regulator, a colorant, and the like. Additives may be used in such combination and proportions as desired, provided that they do not adversely affect the nature and essential properties of the composition.
[0112] (b) Second Component
[0113] The second component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition comprises: (b-1) a polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (polymeric MDI) in an amount of 20-60 wt. %, preferably 25-50 wt. %, more preferably 30-45 wt. %; (b-2) a mixture of 2, 2’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (2, 2’-MDI) , 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (2, 4’-MDI) and 4, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4, 4’-MDI) , in an amount of 40-80 wt. %, preferably 45-70 wt. %, wherein the amount of 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate in the component (b-2) is in a range of 10-40 wt. %, preferably 10-30 wt. %, and more preferably 10-20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the component (b-2) ; and (b-3) a toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in an amount of 0-40 wt. %, preferably 0-30 wt. %, more preferably 0-25 wt. %.
[0114] The second component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition may have a viscosity at 25℃ of 10 to 2,000 mPa·s, preferably 25 to 800 mPa·s, more preferably 40 to 400 mPa·s, and especially preferably 50 to 150 mPa·s, such as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,100, 1,200, 1,300, 1,400, 1,500, 1,600, 1,700, 1,800, 1,900, 2,000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0115] (b-1) Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (Polymeric MDI)
[0116] The polymeric MDI (i.e., PMDI) is a brownish liquid at room temperature, and is actually a mixture of monomeric MDI (4, 4’-MDI, 2, 4’-MDI, or 2, 2’-MDI) and higher molecular weight oligomers of MDI represented by formula (I) below:
[0117] in which n is an integer of at least 1, for example from 2 to 4, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0118] Conventionally available PMDIs can be used in the present invention without particular limitation. PMDI may typically contain 30-70%monomeric MDIs, 14-40%trimeric MDIs (n = 1) , and 15-30%higher oligomeric MDIs (n > 1) . As the amount of 3-ring and higher molecular weight species increase, the functionality and viscosity of PMDI will increase.
[0119] PMDI may have an average isocyanate functionality of at least 2.3, preferably at least 2.5, more preferably at least 2.7, but preferably no more than 3.2, such as 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0120] PMDI may have a viscosity at 25℃ of 100 to 2,000 mPa·s, for example 200 to 1,000 mPa·s, such as 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1,100, 1,200, 1,300, 1,400, 1,500, 1,600, 1,700, 1,800, 1,900, 2,000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0121] Commercially available products of PMDI include, but not limiting to, WANNATE PM-200 available from Wanhua Chemical; PAPI 27 and PAPI 135 available from Dow (functionality 2.7) ; DESMODUR VK 5, VK 10, VK 10L, VLR 10, VKS 20, VKS 20 F, 44V40 L and 44V70L available from Covestro; and the like.
[0122] PMDI may be used in the second component in an amount of 20-60 wt. %, preferably 25-50 wt. %, and more preferably 30-45 wt. %, such as 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the second component.
[0123] (b-2) A Mixture of 2, 2’-MDI, 2, 4’-MDI and 4, 4’-MDI
[0124] The component (b-2) a mixture of 2, 2’-MDI, 2, 4’-MDI and 4, 4’-MDI may be used in the second component in an amount of 40-80 wt. %, preferably 45-70 wt. %, such as 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the second component. If the amount of the component (b-2) is less than 40 wt. %or higher than 80 wt. %, the polyurethane foam layer formed thereby shows an inferior adhesion to the internal surface of the tire.
[0125] The amount of 2, 4’-MDI in the component (b-2) should be precisely controlled, and shall be in a range of 10-40 wt. %, preferably 10-30 wt. %, and more preferably 10-20 wt. %, such as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the component (b-2) . If the content of 2, 4’-MDI in the mixture of monomeric MDIs is less than 10 wt. %or higher than 40 wt. %, the polyurethane foam layer formed thereby shows an inferior adhesion to the internal surface of the tire, meanwhile, the foamable 2K polyurethane composition has an inferior flowability and the polyurethane foam layer formed thereby has a rough surface (in the case of less than 10 wt. %) ; and the foamable 2K polyurethane composition will require a longer curing time, thereby lowering the production efficiency of the process of manufacturing quiet tires (in the case of higher than 40 wt. %) .
[0126] The component (b-2) may be formulated using the commercially available products of monomeric MDIs. Commercially available products of monomeric MDIs include, but not limiting to, WANNATE MDI-100 and MDI-50 available from Wanhua Chemical; SUPRASEC 1810, 1809 and 3051 available from Huntsman; DESMODUR 44 M LIQUID, DESMODUR 44C Fused, and DESMODUR 1806 available from Covestro; Lupranate MS and Lupranate MIPS available from BASF; and the like.
[0127] (b-3) Optional Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)
[0128] The toluene diisocyanate (TDI) may be optionally contained in the second component of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention. Both 2, 4-TDI and 2, 6-TDI isomers may be useful in the present invention.
[0129] Commercially available products of TDI mainly include pure 2, 4-TDI (TDI-100 for short) ; a mixture of 80%2, 4-TDI and 20%2, 6-TDI (TDI-80 or TDI-80 / 20 for short) ; a mixture of 65%2, 4-TDI and 35%2, 6-TDI (TDI-65 or TDI-65 / 35 for short) ; and the like. More specifically, these commercially available products of TDI, include, but not limiting to, WANNATE TDI-80 available from Wanhua Chemical; VORANATE T-80 TDI from Dow; KONNATE T-65, T-67, T-80, and T- 100 available from Hanwha Solutions; and the like.
[0130] The toluene diisocyanate may be used in the second component in an amount of 0-40 wt. %, preferably 0-30 wt. %, and more preferably 0-25 wt. %, such as 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the second component.
[0131] The present inventors have surprisingly found that the use of such a specific combination of the aforesaid types and amounts of monomeric and polymeric MDI and optional TDI as the second component in the foamable 2K polyurethane composition greatly improves the sound absorbing performance of the polyurethane foam layer, increases the adhesion property of the polyurethane foam layer to the internal surface of the tire, and imparts the foamable 2K polyurethane composition a proper flowability, rendering it suitable for injection into the cavity of a rotating tire at a relatively high speed and thus improving the production efficiency of tires in the process of the present invention.
[0132] The second component may be used in an amount of 10-80 parts by weight, preferably 20-70 parts by weight, and more preferably 30-60 parts by weight, such as 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 80 parts by weight, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on 100 parts by weight of the first component.
[0133] The first component and second component of a foamable 2K polyurethane composition are formulated and stored separately, and are mixed together at a defined weight ratio immediately prior to use. The preparation of the first and second components may be performed by uniformly mixing their respective ingredients. Once the first component and the second component as described above are mixed uniformly, reactions such as a chain growth, a gas generation, a crosslinking and the like will take place almost simultaneously within a short period of time, and fully foam in seconds, thereby yielding a foam body with a certain degree of crosslinking and a relatively high molecular weight. The mixed foamable 2K polyurethane composition may have an initial viscosity of 300 to 1,000 mPa·s, such as 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, 400, 420, 440, 460, 480, 500, 520, 540, 560, 580, 600, 620, 640, 660, 680, 700, 720, 740, 760, 780, 800, 820, 840, 860, 880, 900, 920, 940, 960, 980, 1,000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, as measured immediately after mixing (e.g., up to one minute after mixing) at 25℃.
[0134] Process for Manufacturing Quiet Tires
[0135] In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for manufacturing a quiet tire, comprising applying the foamable two-component polyurethane composition of the present invention to an internal surface of a tire at a rotation speed of the tire in the range of 100-500 rpm.
[0136] For example, the specific procedure of the process may comprise:
[0137] (1) optionally cleaning an internal surface of a tire;
[0138] (2) holding the tire on a fixture, and allowing the tire to rotate at a speed of 100-500 rpm;
[0139] (3) injecting a mixed foamable two-component polyurethane composition of the first aspect onto the internal surface of the tire to distribute the composition along the internal surface and the rotation of the tire; and
[0140] (4) allowing the composition to foam and cure to form a polyurethane foam layer.
[0141] The cleaning in step (1) is intended to remove contaminants such as dirt, grease and oil thereon, thereby exposing a clean and smooth internal surface without damaging the rubber, and is preferably performed via a laser cleaning technique.
[0142] In step (2) , the fixture allows the tire held thereon to rotate prior to injecting the foamable 2K polyurethane composition at a speed of 100-500 rpm, for example, 150-400 rpm, or 200-350 rpm, such as 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500 rpm, or any ranges between two numbers listed above. A higher rotation speed of tires yields a higher centrifugal force, thereby resulting in a higher density, a smaller cell size and a smaller thickness of the formed polyurethane foam layer. This range of rotation speed of tires is important for the present invention. A rotation speed lower than 100 rpm will lead to a polyurethane foam layer, which is distributed unevenly, has a poor surface smoothness and a poor sound absorption performance, and has an undulating surface and thus an unevaluable thickness. A rotation speed higher than 500 rpm will lead to a polyurethane foam layer which has an overly high density and a poor sound absorption performance.
[0143] The tire may be rotated at a constant speed or at a variable speed (i.e., changing from an initial speed to a final speed at a suitable acceleration) , provided that the rotation speed is always within the aforesaid ranges. For the latter, the acceleration may be positive or negative, and the absolute value thereof may be 1-500 rpm / 10s, preferably 5-100 rpm / 10s, and more preferably 10-50 rpm / 10s, such as 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170, 190, 210, 230, 250, 270, 290, 310, 330, 350, 370, 390, 410, 430, 450, 470, 490, 500 rpm / 10s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above. For example, the tire may be rotated at a speed gradually increasing from an initial speed of 100-150 rpm at an acceleration of 10 rpm / 10s to a speed of 200-500 rpm, preferably 200-300 rpm; preferably, the tire may be rotated at a speed increasing from 100 rpm at an acceleration of 10 rpm / 10s to about 200 rpm. Likewise, the tire may be rotated at a speed gradually decreasing from an initial speed of 200-500 rpm, preferably 200-300 rpm at an acceleration of -10 rpm / 10s to a speed of 100-150 rpm; for example, the tire may be rotated at a speed decreasing from 200 rpm at an acceleration of -10 rpm / 10s to about 100 rpm. The variable-speed rotation of tires may result in a polyurethane foam having a gradient density, which has further improved sound absorption performance, especially in a wider frequency range, by more than 20%.
[0144] The fixture also allows the tire to rotate at an inclination angle, relative to a horizontal plane, of 60-120°, for example 70-110°, or 80-100°, such as 60°, 60°, 62°, 64°, 66°, 68°, 70°, 72°, 74°, 76°, 78°, 80°, 82°, 84°, 86°, 88°, 90°, 92°, 94°, 96°, 98°, 100°, 102°, 104°, 106°, 108°, 110°, 112°, 114°, 116°, 118°, 120°, or any ranges between two numbers listed above. The inclination angle of the tire may be adjusted in such a way that: (1) a polyurethane foam may be formed on a desired region (s) of the internal surface of the tire, for example, in addition to the conventional internal surface corresponding to the crown region, a coverage of internal sidewalls of tires with the polyurethane foam layer is possible; and (2) the foamable polyurethane composition may be controllably distributed to form the polyurethane foam layers with different thicknesses, for example, a thicker polyurethane foam layer may be formed in a region of tire where a noise is easily generated to improve the sound absorption performance.
[0145] In step (3) , the injection of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition is preferably performed by a high-pressure spraying foaming machine, and the nozzle of the high-pressure spraying foaming machine may be located at a distance from the nozzle to the internal surface of the tire of 5-20 cm (e.g., 7-15 cm or 9-12 cm, such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 cm, or any ranges between two numbers listed above) , so as to avoid the interferences on foaming and to implement an effective spraying. Once the mixed foamable two-component polyurethane composition is injected, it will be quickly leveled on the internal surface of the tire evenly by means of the high-speed rotation of the tire, and will foam within a very short period of time such as several seconds, without an undesirable free flow of foamable composition. The curing of the polyurethane composition is typically performed at normal pressure and room temperature.
[0146] When a quiet tire with a plurality of polyurethane foam layers is intended to be manufactured, the following step (a) can be conducted one or more times, and / or the following step (b) can be conducted one or more times:
[0147] (a) changing the rotation speed of the tire, injecting and distributing the same mixed foamable two-component polyurethane composition onto the uncured polyurethane foam layer, and allowing the composition to foam and cure,
[0148] (b) keeping the rotation speed of the tire unchanged, injecting and distributing another mixed foamable two-component polyurethane composition onto the uncured polyurethane foam layer, and allowing the composition to foam and cure.
[0149] The step (a) and / or step (b) is / are preferably done prior to a full curing of the proximate preceding polyurethane foam layer, so as to ensure a better bonding therebetween.
[0150] The foamable 2K polyurethane composition may be injected in step (3) in an amount of 20 to 1,000 g per tire, preferably 50 to 500 g per tire, and more preferably 100 to 300 g per tire, such as 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1,000 g per tire, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0151] The thickness of each polyurethane foam layer and a total thickness of all polyurethane foam layers may be in the range of 2-100 mm, for example, 5-50 mm, or 8-30 mm, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100 mm, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0152] The polyurethane foam layer may have a density of 0.01-0.5 g / cm3, for example 0.03-0.3 g / cm3, such as 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, 0.3, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.4, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.5 g / cm3, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0153] There is no application of any chemical, which acts as an adhesive or a primer, between steps (2) and (3) . It has been surprisingly found that the polyurethane foam layer still exhibits excellent adhesion to the internal surface of the tire without use of any adhesive or a primer therebetween, shows an excellent sound absorption performance, and can greatly reduce the cavity noise of tires, thereby improving the NVH performance of automobiles.
[0154] The process for manufacturing quiet tires of the present invention has the following advantages, as compared with conventional methods for manufacturing quiet tires:
[0155] (a) improved production efficiency: the process of the present invention allows for more efficient production of quiet tires by eliminating the need for time-consuming and costly manual handling of sponge joints;
[0156] (b) enhanced durability: the process of the present invention increases the durability of quiet tires via reducing the potential for detachment of sponge joints, and thus extends their lifespan and enhances their performance;
[0157] (c) increased productivity: the process of the present invention is more productive and faster, resulting in a higher output of quiet tires within a given time frame;
[0158] (d) cost saving: due to the increased production efficiency and productivity, the process of the present invention can lead to cost saving in the manufacturing of quiet tires;
[0159] (e) simplified manufacturing: the elimination of complex steps and of need for precise coordination between adhesives and sponges simplifies the manufacturing process, making it more streamlined and user-friendly;
[0160] (f) improved quality control: the process of the present invention can provide better control over the quality and reliability of quiet tires, resulting in a more consistent and higher-quality product; and
[0161] (g) customization: the process of the present invention may be customized by adjusting rotation parameters and formulations of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition, so as to obtain different grades of sound absorbing performance as required.
[0162] Quiet Tires & Automobiles
[0163] In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to quiet tires manufactured using the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the first aspect or the process for manufacturing the quiet tires of the second aspect. The quiet tires may have one or more polyurethane foam layers on a desired region (s) of their internal surface, including the internal surface corresponding to the crown region and even the internal sidewalls. The quiet tires exhibit excellent sound absorption performance and high durability; especially, those quiet tires which have 2-10 layers of polyurethane foam with different cell sizes are particularly effective for absorbing the noises at different frequencies. The quiet tires of the present invention may be used in various types of automobiles, e.g., new energy automobiles, such as hybrid electric vehicles, electric automobiles, hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, and the like.
[0164] In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to automobiles comprising the quiet tires of the third aspect.
[0165] Examples
[0166] The present invention will now be described by way of the following examples, which are intended to assist one of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and practice the present invention. The scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples, but is defined in the appended claims.
[0167] Starting Materials
[0168] The following materials were used in the Examples.
[0169] Preparation of Foamable 2K Polyurethane Composition
[0170] The first component and second component of a foamable 2K polyurethane composition were formulated and stored separately, and were mixed together at a defined weight ratio immediately prior to use.
[0171] The first component was formulated via a process comprising:
[0172] (a) adding a polyether polyol into a mixer with stirring at 25-30 rpm,
[0173] (b) adding a crosslinker with stirring at 600-800 rpm for 15-20 minutes;
[0174] (c) adding a foaming agent, a catalyst and a surfactant with stirring at 600-800 rpm for 30 minutes; and
[0175] (d) discharging and storing the formed mixture.
[0176] The second component was prepared by blending liquid isocyanate compounds in a mixer under vacuum at 25-30 rpm for 15-20 minutes, discharging the mixture, and storing under a condition excluding air and moisture.
[0177] Test & Evaluation Procedures
[0178] The following test and evaluation procedures were used in the Examples.
[0179] Viscosity
[0180] Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield viscometer DV2TRV with a RV-3 spindle at a speed of 30 rpm at 25℃, and was in a unit of mPa·s.
[0181] Density of Polyurethane Foam Layer
[0182] A specimen with a defined size was removed from a polyurethane foam layer formed on an internal surface of a tire, and measured for volume and weight. The density of the specimen was then calculated by weight / volume.
[0183] Adhesion of Polyurethane Foam Layer to Tires
[0184] Adhesion of a polyurethane foam layer to a tire was evaluated in accordance with GB / T 7124-2008. In specific, a quiet tire with a polyurethane foam layer was sectioned, and the polyurethane foam layer was separated from the tire. The failure mode at the bonded joint was visually observed, and was assessed in accordance with the following criteria, wherein the term “cohesive failure (CF) ” as used herein means that a bonding material was split and portion (s) of the bonding material remained adhered to each of bonded surfaces of substrates, and the term “adhesive failure (AF) ” as used herein means that a bonding material was removed cleanly from substrates:
[0185] ‐ ○: excellent adhesion, a cohesive failure;
[0186] ‐ △: fair adhesion, a partially cohesive failure; and
[0187] ‐ ×: poor adhesion, an adhesive failure.
[0188] Sound Absorption Performance
[0189] A specimen with a defined size was removed from a polyurethane foam layer formed on an internal surface of a tire, and then tested for its sound absorption performance via a standing wave tube technique in accordance with ASTM E1050 in the frequency range of 20 to 2,000 Hz. The sound absorption performance was shown as a noise reduction value, and a noise reduction value of larger than 1 db was considered as acceptable.
[0190] Flame-Retardant Performance
[0191] Flame-retardant performance of a polyurethane foam layer was evaluated in accordance with UL-94, which was a safety standard for determining the flammability of plastic materials released by Underwriters Laboratories of the United States. The flame retardancy grade was sorted as follows: UL 94 HB < UL 94 V-2 < UL 94 V-1 < UL 94 V-0 < UL 94 5VB < UL 94 5VA. A flame retardancy grade of higher than UL 94 HB was considered as acceptable.
[0192] Distribution Evenness of Polyurethane Foam Layer
[0193] The distribution evenness of the polyurethane foam layer was observed visually, and evaluated in accordance with the following criteria:
[0194] ‐ ×: poor, the distribution of the polyurethane foam layer was not even; and
[0195] ‐ ○: good, the distribution of the polyurethane foam layer was even.
[0196] Surface Smoothness of Polyurethane Foam Layer
[0197] The surface smoothness of the polyurethane foam layer was observed visually, and evaluated in accordance with the following criteria:
[0198] ‐ ×: poor, the surface of the polyurethane foam layer was rough; and
[0199] ‐ ○: good, the surface of the polyurethane foam layer was smooth.
[0200] In the following Examples, the notation “S” denotes a sample of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention, and the notation “CS” denotes a comparative sample for comparison. In addition, the notation “T” denotes a test condition.
[0201] Example 1: Foamable 2K polyurethane composition
[0202] In this Example, samples 1-4 (S1-S4) of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention and comparative samples 1-3 (CS1-CS3) were prepared using materials and amounts (in wt. %) listed in Table 1 below via the preparation process as described above. These formulations were then used to prepare quiet tires according to the process for manufacturing quiet tires of the present invention, wherein the untreated tire is Ventus noble2 H452 215 / 60 R6 95V available from Hankook, and the rotation speed and inclination angle of the tire is 200 rpm and 90° respectively. The obtained quiet tires were subjected to the test procedures of “Density of Polyurethane Foam Layer” and “Adhesion of Polyurethane Foam Layer to Tires” , and the test results were also shown in Table 1.
[0203] Table 1 *: mixing ratio = amount of the first component (in g) : amount of the second composition (in g) .
[0204] As shown in Table 1, comparative sample 1 contained only component (b-1) and no component (b-2) ; the component (b-2) of comparative sample 2 contained 2, 4’-MDI in an excessively low amount of 1 wt. %, and the component (b-2) of comparative sample 3 was in an excessively high amount of 85 wt. %. All of comparative samples 1-3 yielded polyurethane foam layers exhibiting poor adhesion performance to tires. In contrast, all of samples 1-4 of the present invention yielded polyurethane foam layers, which had comparable foam density to comparative samples 1-3, but showed excellent adhesion performance to tires.
[0205] Example 2: Investigation on parameters of process for manufacturing quiet tires
[0206] In this Example, the impact of operating parameters, especially the rotation speed and inclination angle of tires, used in the process for manufacturing quiet tires on the performances of thus obtained tires were investigated. For this purpose, an internal surface of a tire (Ventus noble2 H452 215 / 60 R6 95V, available from Hankook) was cleaned via a laser cleaning technique. The tire was then held on a fixture, and was rotated at a defined rotation speed and at a defined inclination angle relative to the horizontal plane as shown in Table 2 below. Thereafter, sample 1 was sprayed via a high-pressure spraying foaming machine from a point onto the cleaned internal surface along the circumferential direction of the tire. After 3-10 minutes, the fixture was shut down, and the tire was removed therefrom. There were seven test conditions (T1-T7) , and the quiet tires obtained were subject to the test and evaluation procedures as described above. The test and evaluation results were also shown in Table 2.
[0207] Table 2 *: Increasing from 100 to 200 rpm at an acceleration of 10 rpm / 10s N / A: Due to the uneven distribution of polyurethane foam layer, the foam layer had an undulating surface and the specific thickness thereof thus could not be provided.
[0208] As shown in Table 2, when comparing the test conditions T1-T5 of which the inclination angle of tire and amount of sample 1 were identical, it was clear that:
[0209] - as for T1 of which the rotation speed of tire was only 10 rpm which is far below the lower limit of the rotation speed of the present invention, the polyurethane foam layer was distributed unevenly, had an undulating surface and thus an unevaluable thickness, had a rough surface, and even could not reduce the noise at all;
[0210] - as for T2 of which the rotation speed of tire was increased to 50 rpm which was also below the lower limit of the rotation speed of the present invention, although the polyurethane foam layer had a suitable thickness, it was distributed unevenly, had a rough surface, and could not achieve an acceptable noise reduction value;
[0211] - as for T3 and T4 of which the rotation speeds of tire were increased to 100 and 300 rpm respectively, a higher rotation speed resulted in a thinner foam layer, both of the polyurethane foam layers were distributed evenly, had a smooth surface, and achieved a significant noise reduction;
[0212] - as for T5 which used a gradient rotation speed, the polyurethane foam layer was distributed evenly, had a smooth surface, and especially achieved the best noise reduction of up to 4 db.
[0213] It was clear from T6-T7 that, when the tires were rotated at an inclination angle within the specified range of the present invention, the polyurethane foam layers were also distributed evenly, had a smooth surface, and achieved a significant noise reduction. Especially, it was observed that, in T6 and T7, partial internal sidewalls of the tires were also covered with the polyurethane foam layer, which was desirable.
[0214] Example 3: Investigation on flame-retardant performance
[0215] In this Example, the applicability of a flame retardant in the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention was investigated. For this purpose, a flame retardant TEP was added into 100 parts by weight of the first component of sample 1 in amounts as shown in Table 3 below, wherein the amount of TEP was in parts by weight. Each of obtained samples were tested in accordance with UL-94, and the flame-retardant grade were shown in Table 3.
[0216] Table 3
[0217] As shown in Table 3, the polyurethane foam layer formed by the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention itself had an acceptable flame retardancy, and addition of the flame retardant TEP improved the flame retardancy of compositions. The flame retardant TEP was compatible with other ingredients of the foamable 2K polyurethane composition of the present invention, and a higher amount of the fire retardant resulted in a higher flame retardancy.
[0218] Example 4: Quiet tires with a plurality of polyurethane foam layers
[0219] In this Example, quiet tires with a plurality of polyurethane foam layers were manufactured, and investigated for their sound absorption performance. For this purpose, an internal surface of each tire (Ventus noble2 H452 215 / 60 R6 95V, available from Hankook) was first cleaned via a laser cleaning technique. The tire was then held on a fixture, and was rotated at a rotation speed of 200 rpm and at an inclination angle of 90° relative to the horizontal plane. A plurality of polyurethane foam layers were then formed on the internal surface of the tires in a stack-up form using the process of the present invention and samples 1-4 above, wherein another composition was sprayed onto the preceding layer which was foamed but not fully cured. After about 3-10 minutes, the fixture was shut down, and the tire was removed therefrom. The composition, thickness and density of each polyurethane foam layer as well as the sound absorption performance of the resultant quiet tires were shown in Table 4.
[0220] Table 4
[0221] As shown in Table 4, samples 1-4 could be successfully used for manufacturing quite tires with a plurality of polyurethane foam layers. Due to the use of different formulations, such quite tires exhibited extremely excellent sound absorption performance.
[0222] Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A foamable two-component polyurethane composition, comprising:(a) a first component comprising:(a-1) a polyether polyol having an ethylene oxide (EO) content of 5-50 wt. %based on the weight of the polyether polyol;(a-2) a foaming agent;(a-3) a catalyst;(a-4) optionally, a crosslinker; and(a-5) optionally, a surfactant, and(b) a second component, comprising based on the total weight of the second component:(b-1) a polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in an amount of 20-60 wt. %, preferably 25-50 wt. %, more preferably 30-45 wt. %;(b-2) a mixture of 2, 2’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and 4, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, in an amount of 40-80 wt. %, preferably 45-70 wt. %;wherein the amount of 2, 4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate in the component (b-2) is in a range of 10-40 wt. %, preferably 10-30 wt. %, and more preferably 10-20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the component (b-2) ; and(b-3) a toluene diisocyanate in an amount of 0-40 wt. %, preferably 0-30 wt. %, more preferably 0-25 wt. %.2.The foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to claim 1,wherein the polyether polyol comprises one or more EO-terminated polyether polyols having an ethylene oxide content of 5-50 wt. %, preferably 8-50 wt. %, and more preferably 12-50 wt. %and a propylene oxide content of 50-95 wt. %, preferably 50-92 wt. %, and more preferably 50-88 wt. %; and / orwherein the polyether polyol has a primary hydroxyl content of 70-99%; and / orwherein the polyether polyol has an average functionality of 2 to 6; and / orwherein the polyether polyol has a number-averaged molecular weight Mn of 2,500 to 15,000 g / mol, preferably 3,000 to 10,000 g / mol, and more preferably 4,000 to 8,000 g / mol.3.The foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyether polyol is used in the first component in an amount of 80-99 wt. %, preferably 85-97 wt. %, and more preferably 90-96 wt. %, based on the total weight of the first component.4.The foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of preceding claims,wherein the foaming agent is selected from water, carboxylic acids, liquid carbon dioxide, alkanes and cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, C1-8 fluoroalkanes, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from water, formic acid, liquid carbon dioxide, propane, n-butane, isobutene, cyclobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl formate, acetone, trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluorobutane, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-heptafluoropropane, C3F8, C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F17 and any combination thereof; more preferably selected from water, formic acid, liquid carbon dioxide, cyclopentane, and any combination thereof; and most preferably water; and / orwherein the foaming agent is used in the first component in an amount of 1-20 wt. %, preferably 2-15 wt. %, and more preferably 3-10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the first component.5.The foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of preceding claims,wherein the catalyst is selected from amidines and salts thereof, tertiary amine-based compounds, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, 2, 3-dimethyl-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, pentamethyldiethylene triamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, dimethyIethanolamine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylethylenediamine, urea, dimethylbenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylbutanediamine, N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylhexanediamine, bis (dimethylaminopropyl) urea, dimethylpiperazine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, 1, 2-dimethyl-imidazole, 1-aza-bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, triethylenediamine, and any combination thereof; and more preferably bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, triethylenediamine, and any combination thereof; and / orwherein the catalyst is used in the first component in an amount of 0.1-5 wt. %, preferably 0.2-3 wt. %, and more preferably 0.3-1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the first component.6.The foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of preceding claims,wherein the crosslinker is selected from glycerol, dextrose, sorbitol, sucrose, triethanolamine and any combination thereof; and / orwherein the crosslinker is used in the first component in an amount of 0-15 wt. %, preferably 0.2-10 wt. %, and more preferably 0.5-5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the first component.7.The foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of preceding claims,wherein the surfactant is a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer; and / orwherein the surfactant is used in the first component in an amount of 0-10 wt. %, preferably 0.05-5 wt. %, and more preferably 0.15-3 wt. %, based on the total weight of the first component.8.The foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of preceding claims,wherein the polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate is a mixture of monomeric MDI (s) and higher molecular weight oligomers of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate represented by formula (I) :in which n is an integer of at least 1, preferably from 2 to 4; and / orwherein the polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate has an average isocyanate functionality of at least 2.3, preferably at least 2.5, more preferably at least 2.7, but preferably no more than 3.2.9.A process for manufacturing a quiet tire, comprising applying the foamable two-component polyurethane composition of any of claims 1 to 8 onto an internal surface of a tire at a rotation speed of the tire in the range of 100-500 rpm.10.The process according to claim 9, wherein the process comprises the following steps:(1) optionally cleaning an internal surface of a tire;(2) holding the tire on a fixture, and allowing the tire to rotate at a speed of 100-500 rpm;(3) injecting a mixed foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of claims 1-8 onto the internal surface of the tire to distribute the composition along the internal surface and the rotation of the tire; and(4) allowing the composition to foam and cure to form a polyurethane foam layer.11.The process according to claim 10, wherein the process comprises one or more steps (a) or one or more steps (b) :(a) changing the rotation speed of the tire, injecting and distributing the same mixed foamable two-component polyurethane composition onto the uncured polyurethane foam layer, and allowing the composition to foam and cure,(b) keeping the rotation speed of the tire unchanged, injecting and distributing another mixed foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of claims 1-8 onto the uncured polyurethane foam layer, and allowing the composition to foam and cure.12.The process according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, in step (2) , the tire is held at an inclination angle of 60-120° relative to a horizontal plane.13.The process according to any of claim 9-12, wherein, in step (2) ,the tire is rotated at a constant speed of 100-500 rpm, preferably 150-400 rpm, and more preferably 200-350 rpm; orthe tire is rotated at a variable speed with a positive or negative acceleration of which the absolute value is 1-500 rpm / 10s, preferably 5-100 rpm / 10s, and more preferably 10-50 rpm / 10s.14.The process according to any of claim 9-13, wherein the foamable two-component polyurethane composition is injected in step (3) in an amount of 20 to 1,000 g per tire, preferably 50 to 500 g per tire, and more preferably 100 to 300 g per tire.15.A quiet tire manufactured using the foamable two-component polyurethane composition according to any of claims 1-8 or by the process according to any of claims 9-14, wherein the quiet tire has one or more polyurethane foam layers deposited on internal surface thereof.16.The quiet tire according to claim 15,wherein the polyurethane foam layer each or in total has a thickness of 2-100 mm, for example, 5-50 mm, or 8-30 mm; and / orwherein the polyurethane foam layer has a density of 0.01-0.5 g / cm3, and preferably 0.03-0.3 g / cm3.17.An automobile comprising the quiet tire according to claim 15 or 16.
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