Weapon muffler

Abstract

The invention relates to mufflers (1) that suppress the sound of a bullet (5) fired from a firearm, preferably at supersonic speed, and maintain the accuracy and distance of the shot. The weapon muffler (1) includes a body (2) mounted on its barrel (3) by means of a bracket (4), which has a chamber (7) for expanding gases accompanying the bullet (5) and a bullet passage channel (8), with a diameter of 1.1+3 times its caliber and at least 1.5 times this diameter, at least in the form of a cylindrical and / or conical hole (8), which has grooves or thread (10) on its inner surface, or these are formed by a metal mesh tube inserted into it.

Description

[0001] WEAPON MUFFLER

[0002] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0003] The invention relates to firearm accessories, in particular, to silencers / mufflers for bullets fired at supersonic speeds, and is aimed at solving the problem of maintaining shooting accuracy and distance in a simple constructive way, along with the effectiveness of sound suppression.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART

[0005] There are a large number of technical solutions for silencers / mufflers for firearms or pneumatic weapons, either actually implemented or known from information sources. With possible exceptions, all of them provide for the presence of a chamber for the expansion of gases in the design of the muffler and, subsequently, during the dispersion-release from it into the atmosphere, means of delaying-interfering. All of them also provide for the presence of a channel for the exit of the bullet from the muffler, essentially equal to its caliber (in approximate size), in the form of one or more holes. They try to make the diameter of this channel as small as possible in order to trap more gases and muffle the sound of the shot, which is why (as is well known) when using a muffler, the accuracy of the shot decreases (than if the weapon was unsuppressed), because the air wave surrounding the bullet hits the edges of the entrance to this hole and causes it to deviate even slightly from the correct trajectory, that is, the aim is distorted - the dispersion of the shot from a silenced weapon becomes greater, and the shooting distance is reduced.

[0006] A device for reducing the sound of a firearm shot is known according to the utility model of the Ukrainian patent UA28475U. It has a chamber intended for the expansion of gases of an elastically variable volume at the moment of firing from the barrel of a bullet and a bullet passage channel in the form of a smooth hole of a size close to its caliber, practically along the entire length of the silencer. Such a design reduces the firing range of the weapon, accuracy and does not effectively suppress the sound of the gases directly following the bullet being released into the atmosphere. A silencer with expansion chambers is known according to the Canadian patent application CA2923024A1. It has several consecutive chambers for the expansion, mutual collision and friction of gases, respectively, several consecutive channels for the bullet passing through partitions, with holes corresponding to its caliber. At each of these holes, the bullet has to collide with the oncoming air in a cascade, which reduces the accuracy of shooting at the target.

[0007] The same shortcomings are inherent in the firearm silencer system according to European patent EP3735566B1 (WO2019 / 134011, see also RU2765508C2).

[0008] A spiral muzzle silencer according to Russian patent RU2397422C1 is also known. It also has several consecutive chambers for the expansion and compression of gases, including smooth holes in the partitions for the bullet to pass through, and has the same shortcomings in terms of accuracy and range.

[0009] The closest to the claimed invention, in terms of its essential features, we considered a weapon silencer for a hand-held firearm according to Russian patent RU2541583C2 (RU2013130041A). It has a central channel for the bullet to pass through - a smooth bore corresponding to its caliber - practically the entire length of the silencer, with radial holes for the release of gases and peripheral chambers for their expansion and turbulence, from which the gases are supposedly completely released into the atmosphere. This does not happen and a large part of the gases that accompany the bullet centrally pass directly, therefore, effective sound suppression will not be possible. Considering that in this long channel the bullet is pushed by gases that have already lost their power, and in front of it the air resists in the narrowness, the shooting distance is also reduced. The aim is also distorted, because this channel cannot be an exact continuation of the barrel, the diameter must be at least slightly larger than the caliber, and in this groove, along with the air that meets the bullet, gases coming from behind also interfere, causing at least a slight deviation. This deviation begins already at the transition from the barrel to the silencer, because the silencer channel is flush with the barrel and the accompanying gases collide with its edge there. THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present invention is aimed at solving the problem of maintaining the accuracy and distance of shooting, along with the effectiveness of the muffler, through a simple constructive implementation.

[0011] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The stated object is solved by the design of the claimed muffler and the beneficial effect is achieved by: comprising a cylindrical body with a means for fastening the weapon barrel in the direction of bullet movement, an expansion chamber, and at least one bullet passage channel in the form of at least one hole with a diameter proportional to the caliber of the bullet at the exit from the muffler, characterized by the at least one bullet passage channel has grooves or thread on its inner surface, and the channel has a diameter that is 1.1H-3 times the bullet diameter, and a length that is at least 1.5 times the bullet diameter.

[0013] A beneficial effect is also achieved by: the last hole passing in the direction of bullet movement is made in a flange attached to the end of the body; at least one of said lead channels is completely or partially conical; the grooves or thread on the inner surface of at least one of the lead channels are formed by a single or multiple-entry, right-hand and / or left-hand screw, circular grooves and / or their intersection with straight or spiral grooves; the aforementioned grooves or thread are formed by a metal mesh inserted into any of the bullet passage channels, including through a sleeve, which is made removable.

[0014] There is a cause-and-effect relationship between the distinguishing features and the achieved result, which lies in the following circumstances. After leaving the barrel, the velocity of the gases escaping behind the bullet in the expansion chamber decreases and the bullet overtakes them. Further, the bullet exit hole from the silencer has a diameter of at least 1.1 times its caliber, through which it passes without excessive resistance and deviation from the trajectory. At the same time, the hole has a length of at least 1.5 times its own diameter, which is sufficient for the incoming air flow surrounding the bullet to flow into the space behind it and fill the central thickened area formed there, in order to reduce the resistance forces acting on the firing distance. In addition, the combustion gases behind the bullet, which have the greatest influence on the sound of the shot, and the gases coming out of the expansion chamber, are trapped in the said hole through the grooves or thread and circular grooves on its inner surface, causing turbulence and, as a result, self-braking. The effect of this artificially, by a simple constructive means, turbulence and self-braking of gases is greater, the higher the bullet speed. That is, the claimed muffler is more effective for supersonic weapons. In this way, a significant reduction in the sound of the shot is ensured while maintaining the accuracy and distance of the shot.

[0015] EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The muffler of the weapon is illustrated by the drawings, which show:

[0017] Fig. 1 - a schematic image of the longitudinal slot of one variant of the muffler design, at the moment when the bullet first passes through the expansion chamber;

[0018] Fig. 2 - a schematic image of the longitudinal slot of the second variant of the muffler design, at the moment when the bullet has passed through the expansion chamber and is still in the exit channel - the hole;

[0019] Fig. 3 - a schematic image of the longitudinal slot of the third variant of the muffler design, at the moment when the bullet has left the muffler and is being emptied of gases;

[0020] Fig. 4 - a schematic image of the bullet passage channel / hole at the moment when the bullet begins to enter it,

[0021] Fig. 5 - a schematic image of the bullet passage hole at the moment when the bullet passes through it; Fig. 6 - Schematic representation of the bullet passage hole, at the moment when the bullet has passed through the channel.

[0022] The muffler (1) comprises a cylindrical body (2) attached to the barrel (3) of a weapon by means of a bracket (4), which may have the shape of a muzzle. The cylindrical body (2) has an expansion chamber (7) formed in the direction of movement of the bullet (5) from the barrel (3). Following this chamber (7), the silencer (1) has a channel for the bullet (5) to exit into the atmosphere. Where the channel is made in the form of one or more holes (8), which can be cylindrical, and / or partially conical, or reverse conical, in a muzzle (9) mounted on the end of the cylindrical body (2) or inside it.

[0023] In the drawings, the symbol “d” denotes the caliber / diameter of the barrel (3) or bullet (5). The symbol “1” denotes the length of the bullet (5). The symbols “D” and “L” denote the diameter and length of the channel (8), respectively.

[0024] The inner surface of the hole (8) is provided with grooves or thread (10), formed by a single- or multi-threaded, right-hand and / or left-hand screw, circular grooves and / or their intersection with straight or spiral grooves. In terms of manufacturing technology, to simplify it, the grooves or thread (10) in the hole (8) can be formed by inserting a metal mesh tube (11) into it. It can be adjusted, if necessary, with the possibility of replacing it.

[0025] The number 12 indicates the directions of gas movement in the expansion chamber (7). The number 13 indicates the air flows meeting the bullet (5) and moving around it. The number 14 indicates the air compression area behind the bullet (5) fired from the barrel (3). The number 15 indicates the directions of the swirling of the gases (6) escaping from the bullet (5) and the gases exiting the expansion chamber (7) as they enter and exit the hole (8). The number 16 indicates the flow of gases that ultimately leave the muffler (1) through the grooves (10) made in the hole (8).

[0026] The inner diameter (D) of the hole (8) is made 1.1-3 times larger than the caliber (d) of the barrel (3) of the weapon for which this muffler (1) is functionally intended. Similarly, the size is 1.1-3 times larger than the caliber (d) of the bullet for which this muffler (1) is functionally intended. The length (L) of the hole is made at least 1.5 times larger than the diameter (D) of the bullet. In embodiments where the hole (8) is completely or partially conical, the grooves or thread (10) in it are oriented in accordance with and along the cone, or with a metal mesh inserted into it, respectively, represented in the form of a conical tube (11).

[0027] The aforementioned grooves or thread (10) on the inner surface of the hole (8), formed by a single- or multi-threaded, including right- and / or left-handed, screw, circular grooves and / or their intersection with slots (grooves), are made by widely known technological methods, such as thread cutting, countersinking, slot / grooves drawing, etc. It is important that they are oriented symmetrically about the axis of the bullet (5) in the exit hole (8) so as not to provoke a deviation of the bullet (5) from its trajectory.

[0028] The muffler of a weapon according to the claimed invention functions as follows:

[0029] The shooter attaches the muffler (1) to the barrel (3) of the weapon for use as needed. When firing, the bullet (5) is followed by gases (12 and 6 directions) from the barrel (3), which enter the expansion chamber (7) and their speed naturally decreases compared to what they had in the barrel (3) and were pushing the bullet (5), thus the bullet (5) already overtakes these gases in the space of the muffler (1). When entering the expansion chamber (7), air meets the bullet (5) in front of it, in which it creates waves (13), and also, a damping area (14) instantly appears behind it. These circumstances hinder its movement, although they are the same as would naturally occur when firing from a weapon without a muffler into the atmosphere. After that, the bullet (5) immediately begins to enter the exit hole (8) from the muffler (1), the diameter (D) of which is significantly larger than its caliber (d), so it encounters minimal resistance when entering and passing through it and does not deviate from its trajectory. Here, in the length (L) of the hole (8), the air flow (13) coming from the walls is reflected, the bullet (5) is deflected in the opposite direction, and the gap (14) is filled by them, which also eliminates the delay in its movement and the firing speed does not decrease. In the meantime, the bullet (5) leaves the space of the muffler (1) and the gases coming back (in directions 12 and 6) meet the entrance to the hole (8), but they no longer have any connection or influence on the bullet (5). Due to the presence of grooves or thread (10) in the hole (8), the gases coming from the expansion chamber (7) are forced to swirl in chaotic directions (15), which continues from the hole (8) to the outlet, due to which the effect of self-braking of the gases is observed. After that, the gases, despite the increased diameter (D) of the hole (8) compared to the caliber (d) of the bullet, finally leave the muffler (1) with a delay and in the direction 16 relatively slowly, with a delay, pass into the atmosphere, which ensures the suppression of the sound of the shot while maintaining the accuracy and distance of the shot.

[0030] To obtain this effect, the ratios stated in the claims of the invention are optimal: D / d=l.ln-3 and L / D>1.5. Specific design dimensions within the specified limits are prescribed taking into account the type of weapon, barrel caliber, bullet type and length (1), charge and velocity for which the silencer is intended to be used. For example, for an American rifle Mossberg MVP Patrol 5.56 NATO, caliber d=5.65mm, bullet length l=26mm, according to our calculations, the optimal exit hole dimensions are: diameter D=12mm and length L=30mm.

Claims

Claims1. A weapon muffler comprising a cylindrical body with a means for fastening the weapon barrel in the direction of bullet movement, an expansion chamber, and at least one bullet passage channel in the form of at least one hole with a diameter proportional to the caliber of the bullet at the exit from the muffler, characterized by the at least one bullet passage channel has grooves or thread on its inner surface, and the channel has a diameter that is 1.1 -?3 times the bullet diameter, and a length that is at least 1.5 times the bullet diameter.

2. The muffler according to iteml, characterized by the last hole passing in the direction of bullet movement is made in a flange attached to the end of the body;3. The muffler according to iteml, characterized by at least one of said lead channels is completely or partially conical;4. The muffler according to iteml, characterized by the grooves or thread on the inner surface of at least one of the lead channels are formed by a single or multiple -entry, right-hand and / or left-hand screw, circular grooves and / or their intersection with straight or spiral grooves;5. The muffler according to iteml, characterized by the aforementioned grooves or thread are formed by a metal mesh inserted into any of the bullet passage channels, including through a sleeve, which is made removable.

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