Communication control device, communication control method, and communication control system

Abstract

[Problem] To improve frequency utilization efficiency while protecting an entity to be protected from radio wave interference. [Solution] A communication control device comprises a processing unit that, on the basis of information relating to the position of a communication device which emits radio waves and information relating to the position of a device to be protected from radio wave interference, performs a first assessment for assessing whether a path between the communication device and the device to be protected is LOS or NLOS, and that, on the basis of information relating to a building disposed in a geographical environment between the communication device and the device to be protected, performs a second assessment for assessing whether an assessment error is likely to occur in the first assessment.

Description

Communication control device, communication control method, and communication control system

[0001] This disclosure relates to a communication control device, a communication control method, and a communication control system.

[0002] For some time now, the increasing number of wireless environments with diverse wireless systems and the enrichment of content delivered wirelessly have brought to light the problem of depletion of radio wave resources (frequencies) that can be allocated to wireless systems. As a means of securing the necessary radio wave resources, "Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA)," which utilizes the temporal and spatial vacancies (white space) within the frequency band already allocated to a specific wireless system, is rapidly attracting attention.

[0003] In recent years, there has been a global movement to open up the 6GHz band (5925-7125MHz) for unlicensed devices. Countries that have decided to open up the band primarily allow low-power indoor use, either entirely or partially (especially in the 5925-6425MHz band).

[0004] On the other hand, the US FCC and Canada's ISED permit high-power, indoor and outdoor use of AFC systems utilizing unlicensed devices (Wi-Fi, 5G NR-U, etc.). Such unlicensed devices are called Standard Power Devices. The AFC system is positioned as a 6GHz band DSA system.

[0005] FCC regulations require AFC Systems to establish an exclusion zone on the same or adjacent channel to protect fixed service receivers, which are radio equipment of existing licensees in the 6GHz band. When establishing such a zone, it is required to calculate a separation distance that satisfies the protection standard I / N = -6dB for fixed service receivers. In this calculation, it is mandatory to use Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) for distances up to 30m, the WINNER II model for distances between 30m and 1km, and the Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) for distances greater than 1km. Based on the calculated separation distance and the registration information of the Standard Power Device, the available frequency (channel) information for each Standard Power Device is determined and provided. At that time, it is mandatory to register the location information and location certainty of the Standard Power Device with the AFC System, and the AFC System is required to determine the available frequency (channel) information considering the area indicated by the location information and location certainty.

[0006] 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart E Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices (https: / / www.ecfr.gov / current / title-47 / chapter-I / subchapter-A / part-15 / subpart-E)Decision on the Technical and Policy Framework for Licence-Exempt Use in the 6 GHz Band(https: / / www.ic.gc.ca / eic / site / smt-gst.nsf / eng / sf11698.html)Wi-Fi Alliance AFC Specification and Test Plans (https: / / www.wi-fi.org / downloads-registered-guest / AFC_Specifications_and_Test_Plans_072022.zip / 38132)Wireless Innovation Forum Specifications, Reports and Recommendations (https: / / 6ghz.wirelessinnovation.org / specifications-reports-and-recommendations)WINNF-TS-3005-V1.1.0 Signaling Protocols and Procedures for 6 GHz Band; Extensions to AFC System - Standard Power Device Interface Technical Specification(https: / / 6ghz.wirelessinnovation.org / specifications-reports-and-recommendations)P. Kyosti et al., “WINNER II channel models”, IST-4-027756 WINNER II Deliverable D1.1.2, 2008 (https: / / www.cept.org / files / 8339 / winner2%20-%20final%20report.pdf) Recommendation ITU-R P.452 Prediction procedure for the evaluation of interference between stations on the surface of the Earth at frequencies above about 100 MHz(https: / / www.itu.int / dms_pubrec / itu-r / rec / p / R-REC-P.452-18-202310-I!!PDF-E.pdf).

[0007] When applying the WINNER II model for distances between 30m and 1km, it is mandatory to calculate path loss using information on line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) areas in the path where interference calculations are performed. If building data is available, it is permissible to refer to that data to determine whether it is LOS or NLOS, and then apply the WINNER II calculation formula based on that. If building data is unavailable, a calculation formula based on a probabilistic model must be applied.

[0008] As mentioned above, the AFC System must consider the area indicated by the location information and location certainty of the Standard Power Device. In other words, the available frequencies (channels) must be determined so that even if a Standard Power Device is present anywhere within that area, the fixed service receiver is protected from interference emitted from that location.

[0009] The formulas and other elements that must be applied here are strictly defined in WINNF-TS-1014. As for specific methods for determining LOS / NLOS, the method specified in ITU-R P.452, which involves calculating the diffraction loss while considering the curvature of the Earth, to determine whether the space between the transmitter and receiver is obstructed by terrain, can be used. Alternatively, LOS / NLOS determination can be performed using collision detection between objects and paths, as done in ray tracing.

[0010] On the other hand, there are various challenges in achieving both frequency utilization efficiency and prevention of radio interference to protected entities through LOS / NLOS determination. For example, errors in LOS / NLOS determination can occur if the accuracy of the data on the obstructing building itself is low, or if an LOS / NLOS determination method with a large margin of error is used.

[0011] If a system that should be LOS (Line of Sight) is mistakenly identified as NLOS (Non-Limited Operating System), it may calculate the maximum transmit power of the transmitter, underestimating the interference power it will deliver to the protected entity, potentially causing harmful interference to the protected entity.

[0012] Furthermore, if a signal that should be NLOS is mistakenly classified as LOS, the interference from the transmitter will be overestimated, potentially limiting the transmitted power to a value lower than what should be transmittable, thus reducing the efficiency of frequency utilization.

[0013] Another challenge, besides those mentioned above, is that while LOS / NLOS determination methods are computationally intensive, they do not necessarily increase the allowable transmission power of communication devices or prevent harmful interference to receivers, depending on the location of the transceiver and the surrounding environment. In other words, performing LOS / NLOS determination, which does not require an information processing device, can sometimes cause delays in data transmission.

[0014] As described above, information processing devices are required to achieve both more effective frequency utilization efficiency and prevention of radio interference to protected entities. Therefore, this disclosure provides a communication control device, a communication control method, and a communication control system that improve frequency utilization efficiency while protecting protected entities from radio interference.

[0015] To solve the above problems, the present disclosure provides a communication control device comprising: a processing unit that performs a first determination to determine whether the path between the communication device and the protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves and information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference; and a second determination to determine whether the first determination is prone to errors based on information regarding buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device.

[0016] If the processing unit determines in the first determination that the path is either LOS or NLOS, and determines in the second determination that a determination error is likely to occur, it may perform a third determination to determine that the path is the other of LOS or NLOS.

[0017] The processing unit may calculate the propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on the determination result of the first determination or the third determination.

[0018] The processing unit may calculate the propagation loss based on the determination result of the first determination or the third determination, using either a first propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to LOS or a second propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to NLOS.

[0019] If the processing unit determines in the second determination that a determination error is likely to occur, it may calculate the propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on at least one of the probability that the path is LOS or the probability that the path is NLOS.

[0020] The processing unit may extract buildings that obstruct the path and perform the second determination based on the extracted buildings.

[0021] The processing unit may extract buildings that do not obstruct the path and are located within a predetermined range from the path, and perform the second determination based on the extracted buildings.

[0022] The processing unit may, in the second determination, select a plurality of buildings from the extracted buildings and determine whether or not an error in determining whether or not the path is obstructed is likely to occur for each of the selected plurality of buildings.

[0023] If the processing unit is prone to making a judgment error in determining whether or not the path is obstructed by all of the extracted buildings, it may determine in the second determination that a judgment error is likely to occur.

[0024] The processing unit may determine in the second determination that a judgment error is likely to occur if one or more of the extracted buildings are likely to cause a judgment error regarding whether or not they obstruct the path.

[0025] The processing unit may determine, based on the path and the two-dimensional outline of the building, whether or not an error in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path is likely to occur.

[0026] The processing unit may determine, based on the path and at least one of the following: the footprint of the building, or a cross-section of the building through which the path passes, whether or not an error in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path is likely to occur.

[0027] The processing unit may determine, based on the path and the three-dimensional shape of the building, whether or not an error in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path is likely to occur.

[0028] The processing unit may extract a plurality of cross-sections of the building that include the path, and for each extracted cross-section, it may determine whether or not an error in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path is likely to occur.

[0029] The first determination includes at least one of the following determinations: determining that the path is not shielded by the building if the building is at least a first distance away from the Fresnel zone located between the communication device and the device to be protected; or determining that the path is shielded by the building if the building is at least a second distance into the Fresnel zone; and the second determination includes a fourth determination which determines that it is likely to be incorrect to determine that the path is not shielded by the building if the building is at least a first distance away from the Fresnel zone but not at least a third distance greater than the first distance; or determining that the building is at least a second distance into the Fresnel zone but not at least a fourth distance less than the second distance. The system may include at least one of the following determinations: if the building is not more than the first distance from the Fresnel zone, but is more than a fifth distance less than the first distance; or if the building has entered the Fresnel zone by more than the second distance, but has not entered by more than a sixth distance greater than the second distance, the system may include a sixth determination that determines that the path is likely to be misjudged if it is obstructed by the building.

[0030] The processing unit may determine that a judgment error is likely to occur in the second judgment if the data accuracy of a predetermined number of buildings among the extracted buildings does not exceed a threshold.

[0031] The data accuracy of the aforementioned building may include the Level of Details (LOD) of the building.

[0032] If the processing unit determines that a judgment error is likely to occur in the second determination, it may perform a determination of whether or not it is LOS or NLOS using a calculation with higher accuracy than the first determination.

[0033] Furthermore, this disclosure provides a communication control method that performs a first determination to determine whether the path between the communication device and the protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves and information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference, and a second determination to determine whether the first determination is prone to errors based on information regarding buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device.

[0034] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a communication control system comprising: a communication device that transmits signals; a processing device that makes a first determination of at least one of the following: whether or not the path between the communication device and other communication devices is shielded or not; and a second determination of whether or not the first determination is likely to result in a determination error, based on information of buildings located in the geographical environment between the communication device and the device to be protected.

[0035] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a communication control device comprising: a determination unit that determines whether the path between a communication device and a protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves, information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference, and information regarding buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device; an evaluation unit that evaluates the likelihood that the determination unit will determine the path to be LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of the communication device, information regarding the location of the protected device, and information regarding buildings; and a control unit that selectively performs either the determination by the determination unit to calculate the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing a determination based on the likelihood that the path will be determined to be LOS or NLOS.

[0036] The control unit may calculate the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit if the likelihood of determining that it is NLOS is low, and may perform a determination by the determination unit and calculate the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination if there is a high likelihood of determining that it is NLOS.

[0037] The control unit may calculate the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit if the likelihood of determining that it is LOS is low, and may perform a determination by the determination unit and calculate the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination if there is a high likelihood of determining that it is LOS.

[0038] When the control unit makes a determination, it may calculate the first propagation loss using either the first propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to LOS or the second propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to NLOS, and then calculate the allowable transmission power based on the first propagation loss.

[0039] If the determination unit does not make a determination, the control unit may calculate the second propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on at least one of the first probability that the path is LOS or the second probability that the path is NLOS, and calculate the allowable transmission power based on the second propagation loss.

[0040] The evaluation unit may evaluate the likelihood of the above based on at least one of the height at which the communication device is positioned as viewed from the reference plane, or the height at which the device to be protected is positioned as viewed from the reference plane.

[0041] The evaluation unit may evaluate the likelihood of the above based on at least one of the following: the height at which the communication device is positioned as viewed from a reference plane, the height at which the device to be protected is positioned as viewed from a reference plane, the difference in height between the communication device and the device to be protected, the distance from the communication device to the device to be protected, or the inclination of the path as viewed from a reference plane.

[0042] The evaluation unit may determine a threshold value corresponding to the distance from the communication device to the device to be protected, and may evaluate the likelihood of the event based on at least one of the following: the height at which the communication device is located, the height at which the device to be protected is located, or the height difference between the communication device and the device to be protected, and the threshold value.

[0043] The evaluation unit may evaluate the likelihood of the event based on at least one of the first probability or the second probability.

[0044] The evaluation unit may extract one or more buildings that fall within a predetermined range and evaluate the likelihood of the above based on the extracted one or more buildings.

[0045] The predetermined range may include concentric circles with the location of the communication device or the device to be protected as the approximate center.

[0046] The predetermined range may include one or more sections in which one or more buildings are located, in which at least one of the communication device or the protected device is located, or through which the path passes.

[0047] The evaluation unit may evaluate the likelihood of the above-mentioned possibility by comparing at least one of the heights at which the communication device is placed, the height at which the device to be protected is placed, or the height of the path with the heights of the one or more buildings that have been extracted.

[0048] The evaluation unit may evaluate the likelihood of the above based on at least one of the variance, mean, median, minimum, or maximum values ​​of the height of one or more extracted buildings.

[0049] The evaluation unit may evaluate the likelihood of the above based on at least one of the following for each of the plots included in the predetermined range: the variance, mean, median, minimum, or maximum value of the building height, or based on land use information for one or more plots.

[0050] The evaluation unit may determine the average clutter height or the average distance to clutter for each parcel based on the land use information of one or more parcels included in the predetermined range, determine a threshold based on the average clutter height or the average distance to clutter, and evaluate the likelihood of the event based on at least one of the following: the height at which the communication device is located, the height at which the protected device is located, or the difference in height between the communication device and the protected device, or the distance from the communication device to the protected device, and the threshold value.

[0051] The evaluation unit may evaluate the likelihood of the above based on the number or height of buildings that the path passes through.

[0052] The evaluation unit may determine whether the path is LOS or NLOS by calculations with lower accuracy than the determination unit, and the control unit may decide whether or not to have the determination unit determine whether the path is LOS or NLOS based on the determination result of the evaluation unit.

[0053] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a communication control method for determining whether a path between a communication device and a protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves, information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference, and information regarding buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device, wherein the method evaluates the likelihood that the path will be determined to be LOS or NLOS based on the information regarding the location of the communication device, the location of the protected device, and the information regarding the buildings, and selectively performs either calculating the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing the determination based on the likelihood that the path will be determined to be LOS or NLOS, or performing the determination and calculating the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination.

[0054] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a communication control system comprising: a communication device that transmits a signal; a determination unit that determines whether the path between the communication device and the protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of the communication device, information regarding the location of the device to be protected from radio interference, and information regarding buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device; an evaluation unit that evaluates the likelihood that the determination unit will determine the path to be LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of the communication device, information regarding the location of the protected device, and information regarding buildings; and a control unit that selectively performs either the determination of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit based on the likelihood of determining that the path is LOS or NLOS, or the determination unit performs the determination and calculates the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination.

[0055] A diagram showing a system model in one embodiment of this disclosure. A diagram showing an example where there are multiple information processing devices. A diagram showing an example where there are multiple information processing devices. A diagram showing an example where there are multiple information processing devices. A diagram showing an example where an intermediate device including the functions of a secondary information processing device and a communication device including the functions of a secondary information processing device are connected to an information processing device which is a master information processing device. A diagram showing various scenarios for secondary use of the frequency band. A diagram showing an example where a communication device and a terminal are connected via their respective wireless interfaces. A diagram showing an example where information can be sent and received by connecting two communication devices to the management interface of an information processing device via their respective management interfaces. A diagram showing an example of the signaling flow when D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication between terminals is assumed. A block diagram showing an information processing system according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A diagram showing the positional relationship between the transmitter and the protected entity. A diagram showing a method for determining the usable frequency and maximum allowable transmission power in the uncertainty region. A first diagram showing a method for determining the extrusion zone. A second diagram showing a method for determining the extrusion zone. A diagram showing the distance relationship between the transmitter and the FS Receiver. A plan view diagram showing the LOS / NLOS determination method using building data. A cross-sectional view diagram showing the LOS / NLOS determination method using building data. A diagram showing profile points used in the LOS / NLOS determination method using building data. A diagram showing an example of a LOS / NLOS determination error occurring in the horizontal direction. A diagram showing an example of a LOS / NLOS determination error occurring in the vertical direction. A flowchart showing the operation of the frequency management device according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A flowchart relating to the first modification of Figure 16A. A flowchart relating to the second modification of Figure 16A. A flowchart relating to the third modification of Figure 16A. A first diagram showing the first determination error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A second diagram showing the first determination error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A third diagram showing the first determination error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A fourth diagram showing the first determination error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A fifth diagram showing the first determination error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A first figure showing a second judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.A second figure showing a second judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A third figure showing a second judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A figure showing a third judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A first figure showing a fourth judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A second figure showing a fourth judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A third figure showing a fourth judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A figure showing a fifth judgment error prediction method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. A block diagram showing an information processing system according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. A flowchart showing the operation of a frequency management device according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. A flowchart relating to one modification of Figure 23A. A figure illustrating a probability prediction method using the distance and elevation difference between transceivers. A first figure illustrating a probability prediction method using the height of buildings around the transceivers. A second figure illustrating a probability prediction method using the height of buildings around the transceivers. A first figure illustrating a probability prediction method using building data around the path. A second figure illustrating a probability prediction method using building data around the path. The third figure illustrates a probability prediction method using building data around a path.

[0056] The following describes embodiments of the communication control device, communication control method, and communication control system with reference to the drawings. While the following description focuses on the main components of the communication control device, communication control method, and communication control system, there may be components and functions not shown or described. The following description does not exclude any components or functions not shown or described. <<1. Typical Scenario>> <1.1 System Model>

[0057] Figure 1 shows a system model in one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the system model consists of the following entities: • Information processing device 200 • Communication device 110 (communication devices 110A to 110D) • Terminal 120 • Intermediate device 130 • Information recording device 300 • Information notification device 400

[0058] <1.1.1 Information Processing Device> The information processing device 200 is a device that has the function of determining, granting permission / authorization, instructing, and / or managing the communication parameters of one or more communication devices 110 in accordance with one or more policies regarding frequency utilization. The communication parameters may include, for example, one or more frequency channels in the frequency band to be used for secondary purposes, and the maximum transmission power associated with said frequency channel. Other parameters related to wireless communication may also be included in the communication parameters. Typically, software and applications capable of performing processing based on the above functions are deployed and operated on the cloud, but for the sake of explanation, these will also be treated as information processing devices.

[0059] The aforementioned policy may include, for example, a policy relating to the authorization of secondary use of a predetermined frequency band. Examples of information processing devices 200 implemented in accordance with such a policy include, for example, the TV White Space Database (TVWSDB) and Geolocation Database (GLDB) for TV white space management, the Spectrum Access System (SAS) for managing the US 3550-3700 MHz band CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service), and the Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) for managing the 6 GHz band in the United States and Canada. Not limited to these examples, an entity that has the function of determining, notifying, granting permission / authorization, instructing and / or managing the communication parameters of one or more communication devices 110 in accordance with some policy relating to the authorization of secondary use of a predetermined frequency band may be considered as an information processing device 200. The information processing device 200 may also have the function of determining, granting permission / authorization, instructing and / or managing the communication parameters of a terminal 120.

[0060] The aforementioned policy may include, for example, a coexistence policy between wireless systems in a given frequency band. Coexistence between wireless systems typically refers to a state in which compatibility is achieved when different / same type wireless systems with the same frequency utilization priority (primary, secondary, etc.) as described later share the same frequency and / or adjacent frequency. Examples of information processing devices 200 implemented in accordance with such a policy include, for example, the SC (Spectrum Coordinator) specified in ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) EN 303 387, the CM (Coexistence Manager) specified in IEEE Std 802.19.1-2018, and the CxM (Coexistence Manager) specified in CBRSA-TS-2001. The information processing device 200 may be considered an entity that has the function of determining, granting permission / authorization, instructing and / or managing the communication parameters of one or more communication devices 110 in accordance with some wireless system coexistence policy. The information processing device 200 may also have the function of determining, granting permission / authorization, instructing and / or managing the communication parameters of a terminal 120.

[0061] As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, there may be multiple information processing devices 200. In the example in Figure 2, there are two information processing devices 200A and 200B, and information can be sent and received between them. In the example in Figure 3, there are three information processing devices 200A, 200B, and 200C, and information can be sent and received between them, and between them. In the example in Figure 4, there are three information processing devices 200A, 200B, and 200C, and information can be sent and received between them, and between them.

[0062] When multiple information processing devices 200 exist, there can be various forms of decision-making processes. For example, when multiple information processing devices 200 exist and all of them follow at least one identical policy regarding frequency utilization, it may be necessary for the decision-making results to be equivalent among the multiple information processing devices 200. Such information processing devices 200 may, for example, have a function to synchronize the information they hold and execute equivalent decision-making processes in each of them.

[0063] Furthermore, if there are multiple information processing devices 200 and they have different policies regarding frequency utilization, depending on the policy, mutual coordination of decision-making results with other information processing devices may be necessary. Such information processing devices 200 may, for example, be equipped with a function to mutually coordinate, negotiate, etc., decision-making results with other information processing devices. Also, for this purpose, information processing devices 200 may be equipped with a function to communicate with other information processing devices.

[0064] Furthermore, if there are multiple information processing devices 200 and they have different policies regarding frequency utilization, depending on the policy, one information processing device (referred to as information processing device 200B) may make a decision by utilizing the decision-making result of the other information processing device (referred to as information processing device 200A). Information processing device 200A may have a function to share its decision-making result (and incidental information as necessary) with information processing device 200B. Information processing device 200B may have a function to acquire the decision-making result (and incidental information as necessary) of information processing device 200A. In this case, information processing device 200A may be called the master information processing device, and information processing device 200B may be called the secondary information processing device.

[0065] Figure 5 shows an example in which an information processing device 200, which is a master information processing device, is connected to an intermediate device 130 that includes the functions of a secondary information processing device, and a communication device 110 (the communication device 110 on the right in the figure) that also includes the functions of a secondary information processing device. Three communication devices are under the control of the intermediate device 130. The intermediate device 130 and the communication device 110 on the right use the functions of their respective secondary information processing devices to obtain decision results from the information processing device 200 and make decisions using the obtained decision results. For example, a decision with the same content as the obtained decision result may be made.

[0066] <1.1.1.1 Regarding the Target Frequency Band> In the frequency band subject to decision-making by the information processing device 200, as mentioned above, under the DSA system, frequency usage priority may be pre-set and defined for operators using the frequency band and for wireless systems consisting of at least one communication device 110. Typically, as shown in Figure 6, the following three types of frequency usage priority may coexist, and these priorities are also called "tiers". - Incumbent Users - Licensed Secondary Users - License-Exempt Secondary Users

[0067] Figure 6(A) shows a scenario in which another operator (Tier 2) with a dedicated license for secondary use uses a frequency band where an existing user (Tier 1) is present. In this case, priority is given to the use of radio waves by the existing user (Tier 1) in that frequency band, and the operation of the existing user's wireless system is not hindered. The secondary user (Tier 2) is permitted to emit radio waves from the communication device 110 within the scope of the validity of their dedicated license and within the scope that does not cause fatal interference to the existing user's wireless system. If there are multiple operators using the secondary band, interference coordination among the secondary users may also be a condition for radio wave emission. The scenario in Figure 6(A) is similar to, for example, the Licensed Shared Access (LSA) framework considered in Europe for the 2.3 GHz band, or the Dynamic Frequency Sharing introduced in Japan for 2.3 GHz band mobile communication systems.

[0068] Figure 6(B) shows a scenario in which another operator (Tier 2) uses a frequency band without a dedicated license, while an existing user (Tier 1) is already using the same band. In this scenario, priority is given to the use of radio waves by the existing user (Tier 1), and the operation of the existing user's wireless system is not hindered. The secondary user (Tier 2) is permitted to emit radio waves from the communication device 110 to the extent that it does not cause fatal interference to the existing user's wireless system. In this scenario, even if there are multiple operators using the secondary band, interference coordination between secondary users is not guaranteed. Furthermore, interference from others must be tolerated in principle. The scenario in Figure 6(B) applies to the 6GHz band where TV white space and AFC are introduced.

[0069] Figure 6(C) shows a hybrid scenario of Figures 6(A) and 6(B) in which operators with dedicated licenses for secondary use (Tier 2) and operators without dedicated licenses (Tier 3) coexist and utilize the same frequency band where existing users (Tier 1) exist. In this case, the use of radio waves by existing users (Tier 1) takes priority in the frequency band, and the operation of existing users' wireless systems is not hindered. Secondary users (Tier 2) are permitted to emit radio waves using the communication device 110 within the scope of their valid dedicated license and within the scope that does not cause critical interference to existing users' wireless systems. If there are multiple operators within Tier 2, interference coordination among secondary users may also be a condition for radio wave emission. Tier 2 has priority over Tier 3 in radio wave use, and Tier 2's wireless systems are not hindered by Tier 3. Secondary users (Tier 3) are permitted to emit radio waves using the communication device 110 within the scope that does not cause critical interference to the wireless systems of Tier 1 and Tier 2. Even if multiple operators exist within Tier 3, interference coordination among Tier 3 operators is not necessarily guaranteed. Furthermore, Tier 3 operators must generally tolerate interference from others. The scenario in Figure 6(C) applies to the US 3550-3700 MHz CBRS band.

[0070] The information processing device 200 typically makes decisions considering the configuration of the tiers that are pre-set and defined in the system. However, implementation is not limited to the content described above. For example, the number of tiers may be four or more. Furthermore, for example, the tiers may be further subdivided based on different criteria, such as the aforementioned tiers 2 and 3. Also, for example, the tiers do not necessarily have to be pre-set and defined, but may be dynamically configured by the information processing device 200.

[0071] Hereafter, unless otherwise specified, the terms "frequency band" and "target frequency band" refer to the frequency band that is the subject of decision-making by the information processing device 200.

[0072] <1.1.2 Communication Device> The communication device 110 is a wireless device equipped with the function of wirelessly communicating with the terminal 120 and other communication devices 110, such as a wireless base station (including Base Station, Node B, eNB, gNB and their advanced forms) and a wireless access point. Typical examples of wireless interfaces used for wireless communication with the terminal 120 and other communication devices 110 include standard wireless interfaces based on 4G / 5G or their advanced forms as defined by 3GPP, and standard wireless interfaces based on the wireless LAN specification defined by IEEE 802.11WG. In addition to all standard wireless interfaces, proprietary wireless interfaces may also be included. Figure 7 shows an example in which the communication device 110 and the terminal 120 are connected via their respective wireless interfaces. The communication device 110 is connected to the management interface of the information processing device 200 via its own management interface, enabling it to send and receive information. Communication between the communication device 110 and the information processing device 200 can be either wireless or wired. In the case of wireless communication, the frequency band used may be either a frequency band outside the scope of the information processing device 200's management, or a frequency band within the scope of the information processing device 200's management.

[0073] The communication device 110 in this disclosure has at least the following functions: - A function to provide the information processing device 200 with information about the communication device 110 that the information processing device 200 needs to make decisions in accordance with one or more policies regarding frequency use; - A function to acquire the results of decisions made by the information processing device 200; - A function to control its own radio wave emission and to continuously emit radio waves based on the acquired results of decisions made by the information processing device 200; - A function to perform wireless communication with the terminal 120 using the radio waves emitted by the above function. Herein, "control of radio wave emission" may include any processing that affects radio wave emission, such as starting emission, stopping emission, temporarily suspending emission, setting / changing transmission power, setting / changing frequency channel, and setting / changing other radio parameters.

[0074] The communication device 110 in this disclosure may have a function to acquire information about the current location for the purpose of the above-mentioned function. An example of a function to acquire information about the current location is one of the following: - Positioning function using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Service), etc. (also called automated geolocation capability) - External data acquisition function

[0075] The communication device 110 may also be equipped with the necessary functions to form a single cell by combining with multiple other communication devices 110 to constitute a Distributed Antenna System (DAS). Furthermore, antennas and RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) installed for the purpose of configuring a DAS may also be treated as communication devices 110. Regarding the "current location," regardless of whether a DAS is configured or not, it is desirable to treat the current location of the antenna / RRH used by the communication device 110, including in the case of an external antenna, as the location information of the communication device 110.

[0076] The communication device 110 may also be equipped with beamforming or active antenna system functions and have the ability to construct cells or service areas for each beam that is formed.

[0077] In this disclosure, it is assumed that there are two different types of communication devices 110.

[0078] In this disclosure, a communication device 110 that can access the information processing device 200 without using a wireless line that uses the target frequency band is referred to as a "communication device 110A". Specifically, for example, a communication device 110 that can connect to the wired internet can be considered a "communication device 110A". Also, for example, even if a device does not have a wired internet connection function, it may be considered a "communication device 110A" if a wireless line using a frequency band different from the target frequency band is established between it and another communication device 110A. Furthermore, for example, a device such as a smartphone or drone that has a wireless connection function between devices, such as a side-link communication function or tethering, where the backhaul link communicates with the base station in a frequency band different from the target frequency band, but the access link requires the target frequency band, may be considered a communication device 110A rather than a terminal 120.

[0079] In this disclosure, a communication device 110 that cannot access the information processing device 200 without using a wireless line using the target frequency band is referred to as a "communication device 110B". For example, a wireless relay device that needs to construct a backhaul link using the target frequency band can be considered a "communication device 110B". Also, a device such as a smartphone equipped with a wireless network provision function, such as tethering, that uses frequencies that require permission from the information processing device 200 for both the backhaul link and the access link may be treated as a "communication device 110B". For example, CPE-CBSD in the US CBRS corresponds to a communication device 110B in this disclosure. Backhaul link communication called a Handshake procedure is performed for the purpose of accessing the SAS equivalent to the information processing device 200 via backhaul link communication performed with BTS-CBSD equivalent to a communication device 110A. A communication device 110B may be equipped with a function equivalent to such a Handshake procedure for the purpose of accessing the information processing device 200.

[0080] The communication device 110 does not necessarily have to be fixedly installed. For example, the communication device 110 may be installed on something that moves, such as a car. Also, the communication device 110 does not necessarily have to be on the ground. For example, the communication device 110 may be equipped on an object that exists in the air or in space, such as an aircraft, drone, helicopter, HAPS (High Altitude Platform Station), balloon, or satellite. Furthermore, the communication device 110 may be equipped on an object that exists on or under the sea, such as a ship or submarine. Typically, such a mobile communication device 110 corresponds to communication device 110B, and secures an access path to the information processing device 200 by conducting wireless communication with communication device 110A. Naturally, when conducting wireless communication with communication device 110A in a frequency band outside the management range of the information processing device 200, even a mobile communication device 110 can be treated as communication device 110A.

[0081] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the term "communication device 110" encompasses both communication device 110A and communication device 110B, and may be interpreted as either one. Figure 8 shows an example in which communication device 110A and communication device 110B are connected to the management interface of the information processing device 200 via their respective management interfaces, enabling the transmission and reception of information. Communication device 110A and communication device 110B are connected via their respective wireless interfaces. Communication between communication device 110A and communication device 110B may be either wireless or wired. In the case of wireless communication, the frequency band used may be either a frequency band outside the management scope of the information processing device 200 or a frequency band within the management scope of the information processing device 200.

[0082] The communication device 110 may be used, operated, or managed by various businesses. For example, mobile network operators (MNOs), mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs), mobile network enablers (MNEs), mobile virtual network enablers (MVNEs), shared facility operators, neutral host network (NHN) operators, broadcasters, enterprises, educational institutions (school corporations, local boards of education, etc.), real estate (buildings, apartments, etc.) managers, and individuals may be considered businesses involved with the communication device 110. However, the businesses involved with the communication device 110 are not particularly limited. Furthermore, the communication device 110A may be shared equipment used by multiple businesses. Also, the businesses that install, use, operate, and manage the equipment may be different.

[0083] <1.1.3 Intermediate Devices> The intermediate device 130 is an entity that has the function of communicating with the information processing device 200 on behalf of one or more communication devices 110. More specifically, it has the function of providing the information processing device 200 with information about the communication devices 110 that the information processing device 200 makes in accordance with one or more policies regarding frequency use, and the function of acquiring the results of the decisions made by the information processing device 200, and further has the function of notifying the communication devices 110 directly or indirectly of the acquired results of the decisions made by the information processing device 200. Examples of intermediate devices 130 include a DP (Domain Proxy) that acts as an intermediary for accessing the SAS in the US CBRS, and a Proxy that acts as an intermediary for accessing the US 6GHz band AFC. Typically, software and applications capable of performing processing based on the above functions are provided, but for the sake of explanation, these will also be treated as intermediate devices. Furthermore, regarding the interaction with the information processing device 200, any descriptions using the term "communication device 110" are also applicable to the intermediate device 130 unless otherwise specified.

[0084] <1.1.4 Terminals> Terminal 120 is a device that performs wireless communication using the wireless communication service provided by the communication device 110. Typically, communication devices such as smartphones fall under the category of terminal 120, and are also called UE (User Equipment), User Terminal, User Station, Mobile Terminal, or Mobile Station. Any device equipped with wireless communication functionality may fall under the category of terminal 120. For example, a professional camera with wireless communication functionality may fall under the category of terminal 120, even if wireless communication is not its primary use. Furthermore, a broadcasting radio station (FPU: Field Pickup Unit) that transmits images for television broadcasting from outside the broadcasting station (on-site) to the broadcasting station for purposes such as sports broadcasting may also be equipped with the necessary functions to operate as terminal 120. Moreover, terminal 120 does not necessarily have to be used by a person. For example, devices such as factory machinery or sensors installed in a building, as in so-called MTC (Machine Type Communication), may be connected to a network and operate as terminal 120. Furthermore, equipment known as Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), which is provided to ensure internet connectivity, may also be equipped with the functions necessary for operation as terminal 120.

[0085] Furthermore, the terminal 120 may be equipped with a relay communication function, as exemplified by D2D (Device-to-Device) and V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything).

[0086] Furthermore, like the communication device 110, the terminal 120 does not need to be fixedly installed or located on the ground. For example, an object located in the air or space, such as an aircraft, drone, helicopter, or satellite, may be equipped with the functions necessary for operation as the terminal 120. Alternatively, an object located on or under the sea, such as a ship or submarine, may be equipped with the functions necessary for operation as the terminal 120.

[0087] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, terminal 120 is the entity to which a wireless link using the target frequency band terminates. However, depending on the functions of terminal 120 and the applicable network topology, terminal 120 may operate in the same manner as communication device 110. In other words, depending on the network topology, a device that could be a communication device 110, such as a wireless access point, may be a terminal 120, and a device that could be a terminal 120, such as a smartphone, may be a communication device 110.

[0088] <1.1.5 Information Recording Device> The information recording device 300 is an entity on which one or more types of information used in decision-making performed by the information processing device 200 are recorded. Depending on the type of information, the information processing device 200 may need to have the function of acquiring information from multiple different information recording devices 300.

[0089] The information recording device 300 can be implemented, for example, as a database that records license information, technical information and / or operational information of radio equipment associated with the license, concerning the primary system operator in the target frequency band. A typical example of such an information recording device is the Universal Licensing System (ULS) operated by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Examples of information necessary for protecting the primary system include, for example, location information of the primary system receiver, information about the receiving antenna (model, gain, height, polarization, feeder loss, etc.), passive site-related information (location, height, back-to-back antenna gain, billboard reflector size, etc.), and other communication parameters. Other examples include the Out-of-Band Emission Limit (OOBE), Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR), Adjacent Channel Selectivity, fading margin, and Protection Ratio (PR). In countries and regions where fixed values, acquisition methods, and derivation methods for these are stipulated by law or other regulations for the purpose of protecting primary systems, it is desirable to follow the provisions of those regulations.

[0090] The information recording device 300 can be implemented, for example, as a database that records information about communication devices 110 that have obtained equipment certification for radio wave emission in the target frequency band. If terminals 120 are also subject to decision-making by the information processing device 200, information about terminals 120 that have obtained equipment certification may also be recorded. A representative example of such an information recording device is the Equipment Authorization System (EAS) managed by the FCC's OET (Office of Engineering and Technology). Generally, the following information may be recorded as information related to equipment certification (but is not limited to these): Equipment certification identifier (e.g., FCC ID, technical standards conformity certification number, etc.) Equipment model name Equipment class name Radio wave type (Emission Designator) Operating frequency range Transmit power

[0091] The information recording device 300 is, for example, a database that records a Radio Environment Map (REM). A REM is a dataset containing information about the radio environment in any given area. Typically, the database is constructed using frequency sensing, measurement, etc. The information processing device 200 may acquire the REM recorded in the information recording device 300 and use it for decision-making.

[0092] The information recording device 300 is, for example, a database for recording digital elevation models (DEMs). This data can be used when using models that require information such as elevation and topography in propagation loss estimation. For example, various data can be selected and used depending on the country or region of application, such as digital elevation models provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GIS) or 3D digital elevation program (3DEP) datasets provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS).

[0093] The information recording device 300 is, for example, a database for recording 3D building data. It can be used in propagation loss estimation, for example, to determine whether the signal is within or outside line of sight (LOS / NLOS).

[0094] Naturally, even if the data is not included in these examples, a database that records data usable for decision-making by the information processing device 200 may be treated as an information recording device 300, and the information processing device 200 may be equipped with a function to retrieve information from said database.

[0095] <1.1.6 Information Notification Device> The information notification device 400 is a system that notifies the information processing device 200 of time-varying information used in decision-making performed by the information processing device 200, according to the state of that change.

[0096] The information notification device 400 can be implemented, for example, as a radio wave sensing system that detects radio waves from a primary system that uses radio waves aperiodically / non-stationary. A typical example of this is the Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC) used in the US CBRS. The ESC detects radio waves from the shipborne radar, which is the primary system, and notifies the SAS of the detection information. The SAS, which is an information processing device, uses this detection information to manage and control the radio wave emission of the CBRS Device (CBSD), which is a communication device.

[0097] The information notification device 400 can be implemented, for example, as a portal system for managing activity information of the primary system. A specific example is the US CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service), where the information notification device 400 may include a calendar-type system called the Informing Incumbent Portal or TARDyS3 (the Telecommunications Advanced Research and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing System). Based on the acquired activity information, a protection area called the Dynamic Protection Area (DPA) is activated to protect the primary system. A similar system called Informing Incumbent Capability (IIC) can also achieve primary system protection in a similar manner.

[0098] <1.1.7 Supplementary Information> The interfaces between each entity constituting this system model may be wired or wireless. A combination of wired and wireless is also acceptable. For example, the interface between the information processing device 200 and the communication device 110 may utilize not only a wired line but also a wireless interface using a frequency band other than the target frequency band. Examples of wireless interfaces using frequency bands other than the target frequency band include wireless communication lines provided by mobile communication carriers via licensed bands, and Wi-Fi communication that utilizes unlicensed bands such as the 2.4 GHz band and the 5 GHz band.

[0099] All entities constituting this system model, except for the communication device 110, intermediate device 130, and terminal 120, can take the form of either physical entities, logical entities (functional blocks), or both. For example, the information processing device 200 may possess all the functions of the information notification device 400 and the information recording device 300. Alternatively, for example, the information notification device 400 may be provided by the terminal 120 or the communication device 110 as a frequency sensing or measurement function. Furthermore, for example, the information notification device 400 and the information recording device 300 may exist separately from those existing as logical entities (functional blocks). This system model may be modified and applied in all conceivable combinations, not limited to these examples.

[0100] <1.2 Terminology Used in This Disclosure> Unless otherwise specified, the term "transmitted power" as it appears in this disclosure may be replaced with terms such as Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), Total Radiated Power (TRP), or conducted power. Naturally, it may also be replaced with any other term that represents transmitted power.

[0101] When this embodiment is applied to an environment other than a frequency-sharing environment, the term "frequency" in this disclosure shall be replaced by another term that is common in the application. For example, it is expected that it may be replaced by terms such as "resource," "resource block," "resource element," "resource pool," "resource unit," "channel," "subchannel," "component carrier," "carrier," "subcarrier," "BWP (Bandwidth Part)," or other terms that have equivalent or similar meanings.

[0102] Furthermore, as mentioned above, this embodiment is not limited to a frequency sharing environment. Generally, in frequency sharing or secondary frequency utilization scenarios, the existing system utilizing the target frequency band is called the primary system, and the secondary user is called the secondary system. However, when applying this embodiment to an environment other than a frequency sharing environment, other terms should be used. For example, a macrocell base station in a heterogeneous network (HetNet) may be considered the primary system, and small cell base stations or relay stations may be considered secondary systems. Alternatively, a base station may be considered the primary system, and Relay UEs (User Equipment) or Vehicle UEs that realize D2D or V2X within its coverage may be considered secondary systems. Base stations are not limited to fixed types; they may also be portable or mobile. In such cases, for example, the information processing device 200 of this embodiment may be installed in the core network, base station, relay station, Relay UE, etc.

[0103] <<2. Explanation of Procedures Assumed in This Embodiment>> This section describes the basic procedures that can be used when implementing this embodiment. Note that the explanation up to <2.5> below will be based on the assumption that these procedures are mainly performed in the communication device 110A.

[0104] <2.1 Registration / Initialization Procedure> The registration procedure is the procedure for registering information of a communication device 110 that intends to use the frequency band with the information processing device 200. It is sometimes called the initialization procedure. Typically, the registration procedure is performed when the communication device 110 that intends to use the frequency band notifies the information processing device 200 of a registration request that includes its own device parameters. In addition, the registration procedure may be performed when an intermediate device 130, representing one or more communication devices 110 that intend to use the frequency band, notifies the information processing device 200 of a registration request that includes the device parameters of the one or more communication devices 110.

[0105] <2.1.1 Details of Required Parameters> Device parameters refer to information such as the following: ・Information about the user of the communication device 110 (hereinafter referred to as user information) ・Unique information about the communication device 110 (hereinafter referred to as unique information) ・Information about the location of the communication device 110 (hereinafter referred to as location information) ・Information about the antenna of the communication device 110 (hereinafter referred to as antenna information) ・Information about the wireless interface of the communication device 110 (hereinafter referred to as wireless interface information) ・Legal information about the communication device 110 (hereinafter referred to as legal information) ・Information about the installer of the communication device 110 (hereinafter referred to as installer information) ・Information about the group to which the communication device 110 belongs (hereinafter referred to as group information)

[0106] Device parameters are not limited to those described above. Other information may also be treated as device parameters. Furthermore, device parameters do not need to be sent in a single message; they may be sent in multiple messages. That is, multiple registration requests may be sent for a single registration procedure. In this way, a single procedure or a single process within a procedure may be performed in multiple parts. The same applies to the procedures described below.

[0107] User information refers to information relating to the user of the communication device 110. For example, this could include a user ID, account name, user name, user contact information, and call sign. The user ID and account name may be generated independently by the user of the communication device 110, or they may be issued in advance by the information processing device 200. It is preferable to use a call sign issued by the NRA.

[0108] User information can be used, for example, for interference resolution. As a specific example, in the frequency usage notification procedure described in <2.5> below, the information processing device 200 may make a decision to discontinue the use of a frequency currently in use by the communication device 110 and issue an instruction based on that decision, but a frequency usage notification request for that frequency may continue to be received. In that case, the information processing device 200 may suspect a malfunction in the communication device 110 and contact the user contact information included in the user information to request confirmation of the behavior of the communication device 110. Not limited to this example, if the information processing device 200 determines that the communication device 110 is operating in a manner contrary to the communication control performed by the information processing device 200, the information processing device 200 may use the user information to make contact.

[0109] Unique information includes information that can identify the communication device 110, product information of the communication device 110, and information regarding the hardware or software of the communication device 110.

[0110] Information that can identify the communication device 110 may include, for example, the manufacturing number (serial number) of the communication device 110, the ID of the communication device 110, etc. The ID of the communication device 110 may be assigned by the user of the communication device 110, for example.

[0111] Product information for the communication device 110 may include, for example, certification ID, product model number, and manufacturer information. Certification ID refers to an ID issued by a certification body in a country or region, such as the FCC ID in the United States, the CE number in Europe, or the Technical Standards Conformity Certification (Giteki) in Japan. IDs issued by industry associations or other organizations based on their own certification programs may also be considered certification IDs.

[0112] These unique pieces of information can be used, for example, in allowlists or denylists (disallowlists). For example, if any information relating to an operational communication device 110 is included in the denylist, the information processing device 200 can issue an instruction to stop frequency use to the communication device 110 in the frequency use notification procedure described in <2.5> below. Furthermore, the information processing device 200 can behave in such a way that it does not lift the suspension measure until the communication device 110 is removed from the denylist. Also, for example, the information processing device 200 can refuse to register a communication device 110 that is included in the denylist. Furthermore, for example, the information processing device 200 can perform actions such as not considering the communication device 110 corresponding to the information included in the denylist in the interference calculation of this disclosure, or considering only the communication device 110 corresponding to the information included in the allowlist in the interference calculation.

[0113] In this disclosure, the authentication ID may be treated as information regarding transmitted power. For example, information on FCC-certified equipment can be obtained using the API (Application Programming Interface) of the Equipment Authorization System (EAS) database, which is a type of regulatory database. This record includes RF transmitted power output associated with the certification. Each record in the EAS is specified to record equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) if the field "grantNoteId" is "EP", and conducted power otherwise. Therefore, if transmitted power information associated with the authentication ID exists, not limited to the FCC ID, the authentication ID may be treated as equivalent to that information.

[0114] Information regarding the hardware of the communication device 110 may include, for example, transmit power class information. In the US CBRS, for example, two types of transmit power class information are defined: Category A and Category B. Information regarding the hardware of the communication device 110 that complies with these definitions may include information on which of these two classes it belongs to. In addition, several eNodeB and gNodeB classes are defined in TS36.104 and TS38.104 of 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), and these definitions may also be used.

[0115] The transmission power class information can be used, for example, in interference calculations. Interference calculations can be performed using the maximum transmission power specified for each class as the transmission power of the communication device 110.

[0116] Information regarding the software of the communication device 110 may include, for example, version information and build number of the executable program that describes the processing necessary for interaction with the information processing device 200. It may also include version information and build number of the software necessary for the communication device 110 to operate.

[0117] Location information is typically information that can identify the location of the communication device 110. For example, it is coordinate information obtained by positioning functions such as GPS (Global Positioning System), Beidou, QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System), Galileo, and A-GPS (Assisted Global Positioning System). Typically, it may include information related to latitude, longitude, ground height / above sea level, altitude, and positioning error. Alternatively, it may be location information registered in an information management device managed by the NRA (National Regulatory Authority) or its authorized agency. Alternatively, it may be coordinates of the X, Y, and Z axes with a specific geographic location as the origin. In addition, an identifier indicating whether the communication device 110 is located outdoors or indoors may be assigned along with such coordinate information.

[0118] Furthermore, location uncertainty information may be included in the location information. For example, location uncertainty information may be provided for both the horizontal and vertical planes, or either one. Location uncertainty information can be used, for example, as a correction value when calculating the distance to any given point. Also, for example, location uncertainty information can be used as information about the area where the communication device 110 may be located. In this case, it can be used in processes such as identifying usable frequency information within the area indicated by the location uncertainty information.

[0119] Furthermore, the location information may also be information indicating the area where the communication device 110 is located. For example, information indicating an area defined by the government, such as a postal code or address, may be used. Alternatively, for example, the area may be indicated by a set of three or more geographic coordinates. This information indicating the area may be provided together with the coordinate information.

[0120] Furthermore, if the communication device 110 is located indoors, the location information may also include information indicating the floor of the building where the communication device 110 is located. For example, the location information may include identifiers such as the floor number, ground level, or basement level. In addition, the location information may include information indicating further enclosed spaces within the building, such as the room number or room name.

[0121] Furthermore, if the antenna used by the communication device 110 is external, it is desirable to use the location information of the external antenna. In other words, it is desirable to treat the external antenna as the communication device 110.

[0122] The positioning function is typically preferably provided by the communication device 110. However, the performance of the positioning function may not meet the required accuracy. Furthermore, even if the performance of the positioning function meets the required accuracy, depending on the installation location of the communication device 110, it may not always be possible to obtain position information that meets the required accuracy. For this reason, the positioning function may be provided by a device separate from the communication device 110, and the communication device 110 may obtain position-related information from that device. The device with the positioning function may be an existing device that is available, or it may be installed by the installer of the communication device 110. In such a case, it is desirable that the position information measured by the installer of the communication device 110 be written to the communication device 110.

[0123] Antenna information typically refers to information indicating the performance and configuration of the antenna provided by the communication device 110. Typically, this may include information such as antenna installation height, tilt angle (downtilt), horizontal orientation (azimuth), aiming (boresight), antenna peak gain, and antenna model.

[0124] Furthermore, antenna information may also include information about the beams that can be formed. For example, this may include information such as beam width, beam pattern, and analog or digital beamforming capabilities.

[0125] Furthermore, antenna information may also include information regarding the performance and configuration of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication. For example, it may include information such as the number of antenna elements and the maximum number of spatial streams (or MIMO layers). It may also include information on the codebook used and weight matrix information. Weight matrix information includes unitary matrices, ZF (Zero-Forcing) matrices, MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) matrices, etc., which are obtained by SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), EVD (Eigen Value Decomposition), BD (Block Diagonalization), etc. In addition, if the communication device 110 has functions such as MLD (Maximum Likelihood Detection) that require nonlinear calculations, information indicating the functions it has may be included in the antenna information.

[0126] Furthermore, antenna information may include ZoD (Zenith of Direction, Departure). ZoD is a type of radio wave arrival angle. Note that ZoD may not be notified by the communication device 110, but rather estimated and notified by another communication device 110 from the radio waves radiated from the antenna of the communication device 110. In this case, the communication device 110 may be a device operating as a base station or access point, a device performing D2D communication, or a moving relay base station, etc. ZoD can be estimated by radio wave arrival direction estimation techniques such as MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) or ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Propagation via Rotation Invariance Techniques). Also, ZoD may be used as measurement information by the information processing device 200.

[0127] Wireless interface information typically refers to information indicating the wireless interface technology provided by the communication device 110. For example, identifier information indicating technologies used in GSM, CDMA2000, UMTS, E-UTRA, E-UTRA NB-IoT, 5G NR, 5G NR NB-IoT, or further next-generation cellular systems may be included as wireless interface information. Identifier information indicating derivative technologies compliant with LTE (Long Term Evolution) / 5G, such as MulteFire, LTE-U (Long Term Evolution - Unlicensed), and NR-U (NR-Unlicensed), may also be included. Identifier information indicating standard technologies such as MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) such as WiMAX and WiMAX2+, and IEEE 802.11-based wireless LANs may also be included. Identifier information indicating XGP (Extended Global Platform) and sXGP (Shared XGP) may also be included. Identifier information for LPWA (Local Power, Wide Area) communication technologies may also be included. Identifier information indicating proprietary wireless technologies may also be included. Furthermore, the version or release number of the technical specification document defining these technologies may also be included as wireless interface information.

[0128] Furthermore, the wireless interface information may also include frequency band information supported by the communication device 110. For example, frequency band information may be represented by an upper frequency limit, lower frequency limit, center frequency, bandwidth, 3GPP Operating Band number, or at least a combination of these. In addition, one or more frequency band information entries may be included in the wireless interface information.

[0129] The frequency band information supported by the communication device 110 may also include information indicating the capabilities of bandwidth expansion technologies such as carrier aggregation (CA) and channel bonding. For example, it may include information on combinable bandwidths. Furthermore, regarding carrier aggregation, it may also include information on the bandwidths to be used as primary component carriers (PCC) and secondary component carriers (SCC). It may also include the number of component carriers that can be aggregated simultaneously (number of CCs).

[0130] The frequency band information supported by the communication device 110 may also include information indicating combinations of frequency bands supported by Dual Connectivity and Multi Connectivity. Information on other communication devices 110 that cooperate to provide Dual Connectivity and Multi Connectivity may also be provided. In subsequent procedures, the information processing device 200 may take into account other communication devices 110 with which it has a cooperative relationship when making decisions regarding the communication control disclosed in this embodiment.

[0131] The communication device 110 may also include information indicating frequency usage priority and tier, such as PAL and GAA, as part of the frequency band information it supports.

[0132] Furthermore, the wireless interface information may also include modulation scheme information supported by the communication device 110. For example, typical examples may include information indicating primary modulation schemes such as FSK (Frequency Shift Keying), n-value PSK (Phase Shift Keying, where n is a power of 2 such as 2, 4, or 8), and n-value QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, where n is a power of 4 such as 4, 16, 64, 256, or 1024). In addition, information indicating secondary modulation schemes such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), Scalable OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM (DFT spread OFDM), GFDM (Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing), and FBMC (Filter Bank Multi Carrier) may be included.

[0133] Furthermore, wireless interface information may also include information about error correction codes. For example, it may include capabilities and applicable coding rates for Turbo codes, LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes, Polar codes, and loss correction codes.

[0134] Modulation scheme information and error correction code information can also be represented in another form, using an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index.

[0135] Furthermore, the wireless interface information may also include information indicating functions specific to each wireless technology specification supported by the communication device 110. For example, a typical example is the Transmission Mode (TM) information defined in LTE. In addition, if a particular function has two or more modes, this may be included in the wireless interface information, such as the TM information. Moreover, if the communication device 110 supports a function that is not required by the specification even if two or more modes do not exist in the technical specification, information indicating the supported function may also be included.

[0136] Furthermore, the wireless interface information may also include information on the radio access technology (RAT) supported by the communication device 110. For example, it may include information indicating TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), PDMA (Power Division Multiple Access), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), SCMA (Sparse Code Multiple Access), IDMA (Interleave Division Multiple Access), SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access), CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance), CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection), etc. Note that TDMA, FDMA, and OFDMA are classified as orthogonal multiple access (OMA). PDMA, CDMA, SCMA, IDMA, and SDMA are classified as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). PDMA is a typical example of a method implemented through a combination of Superposition Coding (SPC) and Successive Interference Canceller (SIC). CSMA / CA and CSMA / CD are classified as opportunistic access methods.

[0137] If the wireless interface information includes information indicating an opportunistic connection method, it may also include information indicating the details of the access method. For example, it may include information indicating whether it is Frame Based Equipment (FBE) or Load Based Equipment (LBE) as defined in ETSI EN 301 598.

[0138] When wireless interface information indicates the LBE, it may also include LBE-specific information such as Priority Class.

[0139] Furthermore, the wireless interface information may also include information related to the duplex modes supported by the communication device 110. Typical examples include information on methods such as FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), TDD (Time Division Duplex), and FD (Full Duplex).

[0140] If TDD is included as wireless interface information, TDD Frame Structure information used or supported by the communication device 110 may be provided. In addition, information related to the duplex mode may be included for each frequency band indicated in the frequency band information.

[0141] If FD is included as wireless interface information, it may also include information regarding interference power detection levels.

[0142] Furthermore, the wireless interface information may also include information about the transmission diversity techniques supported by the communication device 110. For example, it may include space-time coding (STC).

[0143] Furthermore, the wireless interface information may also include guard band information. For example, it may include information about a predetermined guard band size for the wireless interface. Alternatively, it may include information about a guard band size desired by the communication device 110.

[0144] Regardless of the above embodiment, wireless interface information may be provided for each frequency band.

[0145] Legal information typically includes information on regulations that the communication device 110 must comply with, as determined by the radio regulatory authorities or equivalent bodies of each country or region, and certification information obtained by the communication device 110. Typical regulatory information may include, for example, information on the upper limit of out-of-band radiation and information on the blocking characteristics of the receiver. Typical certification information may include, for example, type approval information and legal regulatory information that serves as the basis for obtaining certification. Examples of type approval information include the US FCC ID and the Japanese Technical Standards Conformity Certificate. Examples of legal regulatory information include the US FCC rule number and the European ETSI Harmonized Standard number.

[0146] Regarding legal information, numerical values ​​may be substituted with those specified in the wireless interface technology standards. Examples of wireless interface technology standards include 3GPP TS 36.104 and TS 38.104. These standards specify the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR). Instead of out-of-band radiation upper limit information, the ACLR specified in the standards may be used to derive and utilize the out-of-band radiation upper limit. Alternatively, ACLR itself may be used as needed. Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS) may be used instead of blocking characteristics. These may also be used in combination, or the Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio (ACIR) may be used. Generally, ACIR has the following relationship with ACLR and ACS. Note that although equation (1) uses true value representation, it may also be expressed in logarithmic representation.

[0147] Installer information may include information that can identify the person who installed the communication device 110 (installer), as well as unique information associated with the installr. Typically, this may include information about the CPI (Certified Professional Installer) in the US CBRS, which is the individual responsible for the location information of the communication device 110. The CPI includes a CPIR-ID (Certified Professional Installer Registration ID) and a CPI name. Unique information associated with the CPI may also include, for example, a mailing address or contact address, an email address, a telephone number, and a PKI (Public Key Identifier). This is not limited to these; other information about the installr may be included in the installer information as needed.

[0148] The group information may include information about the communication device group to which the communication device 110 belongs. Specifically, for example, it may include information relating to the same or equivalent type of group as disclosed in WINNF-SSC-0010. Also, for example, if a telecommunications carrier manages the communication devices 110 on a group basis according to its operational policy, information about that group may be included in the group information.

[0149] The information listed above may not be provided by the communication device 110 to the information processing device 200, but rather the information processing device 200 may infer from other information provided by the communication device 110. Specifically, for example, guard band information can be inferred from the wireless interface information. If the wireless interface used by the communication device 110 is E-UTRA or 5G NR, it can be inferred based on the E-UTRA transmission bandwidth specification described in 3GPP TS36.104, the 5G NR transmission bandwidth specification described in 3GPP TS38.104, and the table described in TS38.104 shown below.

[0150] In other words, it is sufficient for the information processing device 200 to acquire the information listed above, and it is not necessarily required that the communication device 110 provide this information to the information processing device 200. Furthermore, an intermediate device (for example, a network manager) that bundles multiple communication devices 110 does not need to provide this information to the information processing device 200A. The provision of information by the communication device 110 or the intermediate device to the information processing device 200 or 200A is merely one means of providing information in this embodiment. The information listed above means that it is information that the information processing device 200 may need to successfully complete this procedure, and the means of providing the information are irrelevant. For example, WINNF-TS-0061 permits such an approach, calling it Multi-Step Registration.

[0151] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the information listed above can be selectively applied depending on the rules / legal systems and technical specifications of the applicable country or region.

[0152] <2.1.1.1 Supplement to Required Parameters> In the registration procedure, it is anticipated that in some cases, it may be required to register device parameters related to the terminal 120, as well as the communication device 110, in the information processing device 200. In such cases, the term "communication device" in the explanation given in <2.1.1> may be replaced with "terminal" or a similar term. In addition, terminal-specific parameters not mentioned in <2.1.1> may also be treated as required parameters in the registration procedure. For example, the UE (User Equipment) Category defined by 3GPP is one such example.

[0153] <2.1.2 Details of Registration Process> As described above, the communication device 110, which represents the wireless system intending to use the frequency band, generates a registration request including device parameters and notifies the information processing device 200.

[0154] If the device parameters include installer information, the communication device 110 may use the installer information to apply tamper-proof processing to the registration request. Furthermore, some or all of the information included in the registration request may be encrypted. Specifically, for example, the communication device 110 and the information processing device 200 may share a unique public key in advance, and the communication device 110 may encrypt the information using a private key corresponding to that public key. Examples of information that may be encrypted include sensitive information such as location information.

[0155] Furthermore, the ID and location information of the communication device 110 may be publicly available, and the information processing device 200 may already have the ID and location information of the main communication devices 110 within its coverage. In such cases, the information processing device 200 can obtain the location information from the ID of the communication device 110 that sent the registration request, so the location information does not need to be included in the registration request. Alternatively, the information processing device 200 may return the necessary device parameters to the communication device 110 that sent the registration request, and in response, the communication device 110 may send a registration request containing the device parameters necessary for registration. Thus, the information included in the registration request may vary depending on the circumstances.

[0156] Furthermore, if the communication device 110 is mobile, it may not be necessary to register location information in the information processing device 200, depending on the regulations of the target country or region. Therefore, regarding the provision of location information, it is sufficient to have the necessary functions according to the regulations of the target country or region.

[0157] After receiving a registration request, the information processing device 200 performs the registration process on the communication device 110 and returns a registration response according to the processing result. If there are no missing or abnormal pieces of information necessary for registration, the information processing device 200 records the information in an internal or external storage device and notifies that the registration has been completed successfully. Otherwise, it notifies that the registration has failed. If the registration is completed successfully, the information processing device 200 may assign an ID to each communication device 110 and notify them of the ID information in the response. If the registration fails, the communication device 110 may resend a revised registration request. The communication device 110 may also modify the registration request and attempt the registration procedure again until it is completed successfully.

[0158] Furthermore, the registration procedure may be performed even after registration has been successfully completed. Specifically, for example, if the location information changes beyond a predetermined standard due to movement, accuracy improvements, etc., the registration procedure may be re-executed for the purpose of initialization. The predetermined standard is typically determined by the legal system of each country or region. For example, in the US TV White Space Regulation 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart H, Mode II personal / portable white space devices, that is, devices that utilize available frequencies, are required to be re-registered if their location changes by more than 100 meters.

[0159] <2.2 Available Spectrum Query Procedure> The Available Spectrum Query Procedure is a procedure in which a communication device 110 intending to use a frequency band queries the information processing device 200 for information regarding available frequencies. It is not always necessary to perform the Available Spectrum Query Procedure. Furthermore, the intermediate device 130 that makes the query on behalf of one or more communication devices 110 intending to use the frequency band may be the same as or different from the communication device 110 that generated the registration request. Typically, the procedure is initiated when the communication device 110 making the query notifies the information processing device 200 of a query request that includes information that can identify the communication device 110.

[0160] Here, available frequency information typically refers to information indicating frequencies that the communication device 110 is estimated to be able to use for secondary purposes without causing fatal interference to the primary system.

[0161] Available frequency information is determined, for example, based on a secondary use prohibited area called an Exclusion Zone. Specifically, if a communication device 110 is installed in a secondary use prohibited area established for the purpose of protecting a primary system using frequency channel F1, then frequency channel F1 will not be notified to the communication device 110 as an available channel.

[0162] Available frequency information can also be determined, for example, by the degree of interference it may cause to the primary system. Specifically, even if a frequency channel is outside the secondary use prohibited area, if it is determined to cause fatal interference to the primary system, that frequency channel may not be announced as an available channel. An example of a specific calculation method is described in <2.2.2> below.

[0163] Furthermore, as mentioned above, there may be frequency channels that are not notified as available due to conditions other than the primary system protection requirements. Specifically, for example, in order to avoid interference that may occur between communication devices 110, a frequency channel that is being used by another communication device 110 located near the communication device 110 may not be notified as an available channel. In this way, the available frequency information that is set considering interference with other communication devices 110 may be set as, for example, "recommended frequency information" and provided together with the available frequency information. In other words, it is desirable that the "recommended frequency information" be a subset of the available frequency information.

[0164] Even if it would affect the primary system, if the impact can be avoided by reducing the transmit power, the same frequency as the primary system and nearby communication devices 110 may be advertised as an available channel. In such cases, the maximum allowable transmit power information is typically included in the available frequency information. The maximum allowable transmit power is typically expressed in EIRP. It is not necessarily limited to this, and may be provided, for example, as a combination of conducted power and antenna gain. Furthermore, the antenna gain may be set as an allowable peak gain for each spatial direction.

[0165] <2.2.1 Details of Required Parameters> Information that can identify a wireless system intending to use a frequency band may include, for example, unique information registered during the registration process, or the aforementioned ID information.

[0166] Furthermore, the inquiry request may also include inquiry requirements information. Inquiry requirements information may include, for example, information indicating the frequency band for which the user wants to know whether it is available or not. It may also include, for example, transmission power information. The communication device 110 making the inquiry may include transmission power information if, for example, it only wants to know the frequency information for which it is likely that the desired transmission power can be used. Inquiry requirements information does not necessarily have to be included in the inquiry request.

[0167] Furthermore, if the communication device 110 is mobile, the query requirements information may include geofence information. That is, it is possible to query available frequency information anywhere within the geographic region / space indicated by the geofence information.

[0168] Information indicating the frequency band may also include information indicating the format of the available frequency information. The IEEE 802.11 standard specifies channel numbers for each band. For example, a flag requesting the availability of channels specified in such wireless interface technical specifications may be included. Alternatively, a flag requesting the availability of a unit frequency range rather than a specified channel may be included. If the unit frequency is 1 MHz, then available frequency information is requested for each 1 MHz frequency range. When this flag is used, the desired unit frequency information may be enclosed within the flag.

[0169] Furthermore, the inquiry request may also include a measurement report. The measurement report includes the results of measurements performed by the communication device 110 and / or terminal 120. Some or all of the measurement results may be represented as raw data or as processed data. For example, standardized metrics such as RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indicator), and RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) may be used for measurement.

[0170] <2.2.2 Details of Available Frequency Evaluation Process> After receiving an inquiry request, the information processing device 200 evaluates the available frequencies based on the inquiry requirements information. For example, as mentioned above, it is possible to evaluate the available frequencies while considering the presence of the primary system, its secondary use prohibited area, and nearby communication devices 110.

[0171] The information processing device 200 may derive the secondary use prohibited area in advance or after receiving the request, and evaluate the available frequencies based on that. For example, the maximum transmission power P MaxTx(dBm) and minimum transmission power P MinTx(dBm) If this is specified, it is possible to determine the area where secondary use is prohibited by calculating the range of separation distance between the primary system and the secondary system from the following formula (2). I Th(dBm)is the permissible interference power (the limit of permissible interference power), d is the distance between a predetermined reference point and the communication device 110, PL() (dB) This is a function of propagation loss. This allows frequency availability to be determined according to the positional relationship between the primary system and the communication device 110. Also, if the transmission power information or power range information that the communication device 110 wants to use is supplied by request, PL -1 (P Tx(dBm) -I Th(dBm) Frequency availability can be determined by calculating ( ) and comparing it with the range formula mentioned above.

[0172] The information processing device 200 may derive maximum allowable transmit power information at a given frequency (channel) as available frequency information. Typically, the maximum allowable transmit power information is calculated using allowable interference power information in the primary system or its protection zone, location information of a reference point for calculating the interference power level experienced by the primary system, registration information of the communication device 110, and a propagation loss estimation model. Specifically, as an example, it is calculated using the following formula. Equation (3) does not include the antenna gain in the transceiver, but it may be included depending on the method of expressing the maximum allowable transmit power (EIRP, conducted power, etc.) and the reference point for the received power (antenna input point, antenna output point, etc.). A safety margin to compensate for fluctuations due to fading may also be included. Feeder loss may also be considered as needed. The same calculation can be performed for neighboring channels by taking into account ACRL (Adjacent channel leakage ratio) and the maximum out-of-band radiation.

[0173] Furthermore, equation (3) is written based on the assumption that a single communication device 110 is the source of interference (single-station interference). For example, if cumulative interference from multiple communication devices 110 simultaneously (aggregated interference) must be considered, a correction value may be added. Specifically, for example, the correction value can be determined based on the three types of interference margin allocation schemes (Fixed / Predetermined, Flexible, Flexible Minimized) disclosed in ECC Report 186.

[0174] As shown in equation (3), it is not always possible to directly use the allowable interference power information itself. For example, if the required signal power to interference power ratio (SIR) or SINR (Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio) of the primary system is available, it may be converted to allowable interference power and used. Note that such conversion processing is not limited to this process and may be applied to the processing of other procedures as well.

[0175] Although equation (3) is expressed using logarithms, it may, of course, be converted to a real number before use in practice. Furthermore, all logarithmic parameters described in this disclosure may be converted to real numbers as appropriate.

[0176] Furthermore, if the aforementioned transmission power information is included in the query requirements information, it is possible to evaluate the available frequencies using a method other than the one described above. Specifically, for example, if the estimated amount of interference is less than the allowable interference power in the primary system or its protection zone, assuming the desired transmission power indicated in the transmission power information is used, the frequency channel is determined to be available and notified to the communication device 110.

[0177] Furthermore, for example, if the area or space in which the communication device 110 can use the frequency band is predetermined, similar to the REM area, the available frequency information may be derived solely based on the coordinates included in the location information of the communication device 110 (the X, Y, and Z axis coordinates of the communication device 110, or its latitude, longitude, and ground clearance). Also, for example, if a lookup table is provided that associates the coordinates of the location of the communication device 110 with the available frequency information, the available frequency information may be derived solely based on the location information of the communication device 110. Thus, there are various methods for determining the available frequencies, and the method is not limited to the examples in this disclosure.

[0178] Furthermore, if the information processing device 200 has acquired information about the capabilities of bandwidth expansion technologies such as carrier aggregation (CA) and channel bonding as frequency band information supported by the communication device 110, the information processing device 200 may include available combinations, recommended combinations, etc., of these in the available frequency information.

[0179] Furthermore, if the information processing device 200 has acquired information about the combination of frequency bands supported by Dual Connectivity and Multi Connectivity as frequency band information supported by the communication device 110, the information processing device 200 may include information such as available frequencies and recommended frequencies for Dual Connectivity and Multi Connectivity in the available frequency information.

[0180] Furthermore, when providing available frequency information for the bandwidth expansion technologies described above, if an imbalance in maximum allowable transmit power occurs between multiple frequency channels, the available frequency information may be provided after adjusting the maximum allowable transmit power of each frequency channel. For example, from the viewpoint of protecting the primary system, the maximum allowable transmit power of each frequency channel may be matched to the maximum allowable transmit power of the frequency channel with the lowest maximum allowable power flux density (PSD).

[0181] The evaluation of available frequencies does not necessarily have to be performed after receiving a query request. For example, the information processing device 200 may perform this evaluation proactively after the successful completion of the registration procedure described above, without receiving a query request. In such a case, the REM, lookup table, or a similar information table shown as an example above may be created.

[0182] Furthermore, evaluations may also be performed regarding radio wave usage priorities such as PAL and GAA. For example, if the registered device parameters or inquiry requirements include information regarding radio wave usage priorities, the system may determine whether frequency usage is possible based on those priorities and notify the user. Also, for example, if information (called a Cluster List) regarding communication devices 110 that will be used with high priority (e.g., PAL) has been registered in the information processing device 200 in advance by the user, the evaluation may be performed based on that information.

[0183] After the evaluation of available frequencies is complete, the information processing device 200 notifies the communication device 110 of the evaluation results.

[0184] The communication device 110 may select desired communication parameters using the evaluation results received from the information processing device 200. If the Spectrum Grant Procedure, described later, is not adopted, the communication device 110 may start transmitting radio waves using the selected desired communication parameters as communication parameters.

[0185] <2.3 Spectrum Grant Procedure> The Spectrum Grant Procedure is a procedure for a communication device 110 that intends to use a frequency band to be granted the right to use the frequency for secondary purposes by an information processing device 200. Typically, the procedure is initiated when the communication device 110 notifies the information processing device 200 of a Spectrum Grant Request that includes information that can identify the communication device 110. In addition, the Spectrum Grant Procedure may be carried out when an intermediate device 130, representing one or more communication devices 110 that intend to use a frequency band, notifies the information processing device 200 of a Spectrum Grant Request that includes information that can identify the one or more communication devices 110. As mentioned above, the Available Frequency Information Inquiry Procedure is not mandatory. Therefore, the Spectrum Grant Procedure may be carried out after the Available Frequency Information Inquiry Procedure, or after the registration procedure. Also, "Spectrum Grant" is sometimes referred to as "Grant".

[0186] In this embodiment, it is assumed that at least two types of frequency usage rights granting request methods may be used: • Designated method • Flexible method

[0187] The specification method is a request method in which the communication device 110 specifies desired communication parameters and requests permission from the information processing device 200 to operate based on those parameters. Desired communication parameters include, but are not limited to, the frequency channel to be used and the maximum transmission power. For example, parameters specific to wireless interface technology (such as modulation scheme and duplex mode) may be specified. Information indicating frequency usage priority / tier, such as PAL and GAA, may also be included.

[0188] The flexible method is a request method in which the communication device 110 specifies only the requirements regarding communication parameters and requests the information processing device 200 to specify communication parameters that satisfy those requirements and allow secondary use. Requirements regarding communication parameters include, for example, bandwidth, desired maximum transmission power, or desired minimum transmission power, but are not particularly limited. For example, parameters specific to wireless interface technology (such as modulation scheme or duplex mode) may be specified. Specifically, for example, one or more TDD Frame Structures may be selected and notified in advance.

[0189] Similar to inquiry requests, frequency usage rights grant requests may also include a measurement report, whether using a specified method or a flexible method. The measurement report includes the results of measurements performed by the communication device 110 and / or terminal 120. The measurement may be represented as raw data or as processed data. For example, standardized metrics such as RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indicator), and RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) may be used for measurement.

[0190] The communication device 110 may also register the system information used by the communication device 110 in the information processing device 200 during the registration procedure described in <2.1>.

[0191] <2.3.1 Details of the frequency usage rights granting process> After receiving a frequency usage rights granting request, the information processing device 200 performs frequency usage rights granting processing based on the frequency usage rights granting request method. For example, it is possible to perform frequency usage rights granting processing while taking into account the primary system, the secondary use prohibited area, the presence of nearby communication devices 110, etc., using the method described in <2.2>.

[0192] When a flexible method is used, the maximum allowable transmit power information may be derived using the method described in <2.2.2>. Typically, the maximum allowable transmit power information is calculated using the allowable interference power information in the primary system or its protection zone, the location information of the reference point for calculating the interference power level experienced by the primary system, the registration information of the communication device 110, and the propagation loss estimation model. Specifically, as an example, it is calculated by equation (3) above.

[0193] Furthermore, as mentioned above, equation (3) is written based on the assumption that a single communication device 110 is the source of interference. For example, if it is necessary to consider aggregated interference from multiple communication devices 110 simultaneously, a correction value may be added. Specifically, for example, the correction value can be determined based on the three methods (Fixed / Predetermined, Flexible, Flexible Minimized) disclosed in ECC Report 186.

[0194] The information processing device 200 can use various propagation loss estimation models in procedures such as granting frequency usage rights and evaluating available frequencies in response to available frequency information inquiry requests. When a model is specified for each application, it is desirable to use the specified model. For example, WINNF-TS-0112 employs propagation loss models such as Extended Hata (eHATA) and Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) depending on its application. Of course, propagation loss models are not limited to these.

[0195] Some propagation loss estimation models require information about the radio wave propagation path. This information may include, for example, line of sight (LOS) and / or non-line of sight (NLOS), topographic information (relief, elevation, etc.), and environmental information (urban, suburban, rural, open sky, etc.). When using the propagation loss estimation model, the information processing device 200 may infer this information from the registration information of the communication device 110 or the primary system information already acquired. Alternatively, if there are pre-specified parameters, it is desirable to use those parameters.

[0196] If no propagation loss estimation model is specified for a given application, it may be used interchangeably as needed. For example, when estimating the interference power to other communication devices 110, a model that calculates a small loss, such as a free-space loss model, may be used, while when estimating the coverage of the communication device 110, a model that calculates a large loss may be used.

[0197] Furthermore, when a specified propagation loss estimation model is used, it is possible to perform frequency usage rights granting processing based on an evaluation of interference risk, for example. Specifically, for example, if the amount of interference estimated assuming the desired transmission power indicated in the transmission power information is used is lower than the permissible interference power in the primary system or its protection zone, it is determined that the use of the frequency channel is permitted, and this is notified to the communication device 110.

[0198] In both the designated method and the flexible method, evaluation may also be performed on radio wave usage priorities such as PAL and GAA, similar to inquiry requests. For example, if the registered device parameters or inquiry requirements include information on radio wave usage priorities, the system may determine whether frequency usage is possible based on that priority and notify the user. Alternatively, for example, if information about communication devices 110 that will be used with high priority (e.g., PAL) is registered in the information processing device 200 in advance by the user, the evaluation may be performed based on that information. For example, information about communication devices 110 is called a Cluster List.

[0199] Furthermore, in any of the above calculations, when using the location information of the communication device, the frequency availability may be determined by applying corrections to the location information and coverage using location uncertainty information.

[0200] The frequency usage rights granting process does not necessarily have to be triggered by the receipt of a frequency usage rights granting request. For example, the information processing device 200 may proactively perform the process after the successful completion of the aforementioned registration procedure, without a frequency usage rights granting request. Alternatively, the frequency usage rights granting process may be performed at regular intervals. In such cases, the aforementioned REM, lookup table, or a similar information table may be created. This allows the information processing device 200 to quickly return a response after receiving a frequency usage rights granting request, as the permitted frequencies can be determined using only location information.

[0201] <2.4 Spectrum Use Notification / Authorization / Heartbeat> The Spectrum Use Notification / Authorization procedure is a procedure in which a wireless system using a frequency band notifies the information processing device 200 of its use of the frequency based on the communication parameters authorized for use in the frequency use authorization procedure. The communication device 110 that makes the frequency use notification on behalf of the wireless system may be the same as or different from the communication device 110 that performed the previous procedures. Typically, the communication device 110 notifies the information processing device 200 of a notification message containing information that can identify the communication device 110.

[0202] Frequency usage notifications should preferably be issued periodically until the frequency usage is rejected by the information processing device 200. In this case, the frequency usage notification / authentication procedure is also called a heartbeat.

[0203] After receiving a frequency usage notification, the information processing device 200 may determine whether to start or continue frequency usage (in other words, radio wave transmission on the permitted frequency). One method of determination is to check the frequency usage information of the primary system. Specifically, it is possible to decide whether to permit or deny the start or continuation of frequency usage (radio wave transmission on the permitted frequency) based on changes in the frequency used by the primary system, changes in the frequency usage status of a primary system whose radio wave usage is not regular (for example, a US CBRS shipborne radar), etc. If starting or continuing is permitted, the communication device 110 may start or continue frequency usage (radio wave transmission on the permitted frequency).

[0204] After receiving the frequency usage notification, the information processing device 200 may instruct the communication device 110 to reconfigure the communication parameters. Typically, the information processing device 200 may instruct the communication parameter reconfiguration in its response to the frequency usage notification. For example, information regarding recommended communication parameters (hereinafter referred to as recommended communication parameter information) may be provided. It is desirable for the communication device 110, having received the recommended communication parameter information, to perform the frequency usage authorization procedure described in <2.4> again using the recommended communication parameter information.

[0205] <2.5 Supplementary Information on Procedures> The above procedures do not necessarily need to be implemented individually, as will be explained below. For example, two different procedures may be implemented by substituting a third procedure that has the roles of two different procedures. Specifically, for example, a registration request and an available frequency information inquiry request may be notified together. Also, for example, a frequency usage authorization procedure and a frequency usage notification may be carried out together. Naturally, this is not limited to these combinations, and three or more procedures may be carried out together. Furthermore, as mentioned above, a single procedure may be carried out in multiple separate steps.

[0206] Furthermore, the expression "to obtain" or a similar expression in this disclosure does not necessarily mean that the information must be obtained in accordance with the procedures described herein. For example, although it is stated that the location information of the communication device 110 is used in the available frequency evaluation process, it is not necessarily required to use the information obtained in the registration procedure. If the available frequency inquiry procedure request includes location information, that location information may be used. In other words, the procedure for obtaining the information described herein is just one example, and other procedures for obtaining the information are permitted within the scope of this disclosure and within the limits of technical feasibility.

[0207] Furthermore, information described as potentially being included in the response from the information processing device 200 to the communication device 110 may, if possible, be proactively notified by the information processing device 200 using a push notification method. Specific examples include available frequency information, recommended communication parameter information, and notifications of refusal to continue radio transmission, which may be notified using a push notification method.

[0208] <2.6 Procedures related to terminals> Up to this point, the explanation has mainly assumed processing on the communication device 110A. However, depending on the embodiment, not only the communication device 110A, but also the terminal 120 and the communication device 110B may operate under the management of the information processing device 200. That is, a scenario in which the communication parameters are determined by the information processing device 200 is assumed. Even in such a case, it is basically possible to use each of the procedures described in <2.1> to <2.4>. However, unlike the communication device 110A, the terminal 120 and the communication device 110B must use a frequency managed by the information processing device 200 for the backhaul link and cannot transmit radio waves on their own. For this reason, it is desirable to start backhaul communication for the purpose of accessing the information processing device 200 only after detecting radio waves or authorization signals transmitted by the communication device 110A (the communication device 110 capable of providing wireless communication services, or the master communication device 110 in a master-secondary type).

[0209] On the other hand, being under the management of the information processing device 200 means that terminals and communication devices 110B may also have permissible communication parameters set for the purpose of protecting the primary system. However, the information processing device 200 cannot know the location information of these devices in advance. Furthermore, these devices are likely to be mobile; that is, their location information is dynamically updated. Depending on the legislation, if the location information changes beyond a certain point, re-registration with the information processing device 200 may be required.

[0210] Taking into account the diverse usage and operation patterns of these terminals 120 and communication devices 110, the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) defines the following two types of communication parameters in its TVWS operation: • Generic Operational Parameters • Specific Operational Parameters

[0211] Generic Operational Parameters are communication parameters defined, for example, as "parameters that can be used by any slave WSD located within the coverage area of ​​a given master WSD (corresponding to communication device 110)." A key feature is that they are calculated by the WSDB without using the location information of the slave WSD.

[0212] Generic Operational Parameters can be provided by unicast or broadcast from a communication device 110 that has already been authorized to transmit radio waves from the information processing device 200. For example, a broadcast signal such as the Contact Verification Signal (CVS) as defined in Part 15 Subpart H of the U.S. FCC Rules may be used. Alternatively, they may be provided by a broadcast signal specific to the wireless interface. This allows terminals 120 and communication devices 110B to treat them as communication parameters used for radio transmission aimed at accessing the information processing device 200.

[0213] Specific Operational Parameters (OPEN) are communication parameters defined as "parameters that can be used by a specific slave WSD (White Space Device)." In other words, they are communication parameters calculated using the device parameters of the slave WSD corresponding to terminal 120. A key characteristic is that they are calculated by the WSDB (White Space Database) using the slave WSD's location information.

[0214] Furthermore, the CPE-CBSD Handshake Procedure adopted by CBRS can be considered another form of procedure related to terminals. CPE-CBSDs do not have wired backhaul lines and access the internet via BTS-CBSD. Therefore, without special regulations or procedures, they cannot obtain permission from SAS to transmit radio waves in the CBRS band. The CPE-CBSD Handshake Procedure allows CPE-CBSDs to transmit radio waves with the same maximum EIRP and minimum necessary duty cycle as terminals (EUDs) until they obtain permission from SAS to transmit radio waves. Accordingly, communication device 110B can establish a line to obtain permission to transmit radio waves from information processing device 200 by setting its transmission EIRP to the terminal's maximum EIRP and performing wireless communication with communication device 110A with the minimum necessary duty cycle. After obtaining permission to transmit radio waves, it becomes possible to use up to the maximum EIRP specified by the communication device within the scope of the permission.

[0215] <2.7 Procedures Occurring Between Information Processing Devices> <2.7.1 Information Exchange> Information processing device 200 can exchange management information with other information processing devices 200. At a minimum, it is desirable that the following information be exchanged: ・Information related to the communication device 110 ・Area information ・Protected system information

[0216] The information relating to the communication device 110 includes, at a minimum, registration information and communication parameter information of the communication device 110 operating under the authorization of the information processing device 200. It may also include registration information of the communication device 110 that does not have authorized communication parameters.

[0217] The registration information of the communication device 110 typically refers to the device parameters of the communication device 110 that are registered in the information processing device 200 during the registration procedure described above. It is not necessarily required that all registered information be exchanged. For example, information that may constitute personal information does not need to be exchanged. Furthermore, when exchanging the registration information of the communication device 110, the registration information may be exchanged encrypted, or the content of the registration information may be obscured before exchange. For example, information converted to binary values ​​or information signed using an electronic signature mechanism may be exchanged.

[0218] The communication parameter information of the communication device 110 typically refers to information relating to the communication parameters currently being used by the communication device 110. It is desirable that this information includes at least the operating frequency and transmission power. Other communication parameters may also be included.

[0219] Area information typically refers to information that indicates a given geographical area. This information can include area information with various attributes in various forms.

[0220] For example, as disclosed in WINNF-TS-0112, the area information may include information about the protected area of ​​a communication device 110 that is a high-priority secondary system. In this case, the area information may be represented, for example, by a set of three or more coordinates indicating a geographic location. Also, for example, if multiple information processing devices 200 can access a common external database, the area information may be represented by a unique ID, and the actual geographic area may be accessed from the external database using that ID.

[0221] Furthermore, for example, information indicating the coverage of the communication device 110 may be included. In this case, the area information can also be represented, for example, by a set of three or more coordinates indicating a geographical location. Alternatively, for example, assuming that the coverage is a circle centered on the geographical location of the communication device 110, it can also be represented by information indicating the size of the radius. Furthermore, for example, if multiple information processing devices 200 can access a common external database that records area information, the information indicating the coverage can be represented by a unique ID, and the actual coverage can be accessed from the external database using that ID.

[0222] Furthermore, another form of information that may be included is information relating to area divisions predetermined by the government or other authorities. Specifically, for example, it is possible to indicate a certain area by showing an address. Similarly, license areas, for example, can also be represented in the same way.

[0223] Furthermore, in yet another embodiment, area information does not necessarily have to represent a planar area, but may represent a three-dimensional space. For example, it may be represented using a spatial coordinate system. Alternatively, information indicating a predetermined closed space, such as the number of floors, floor number, or room number of a building, may be used.

[0224] Protected system information refers to information about wireless systems treated as protected, such as the Incumbent Tier mentioned above. Situations requiring the exchange of this information include, for example, situations requiring cross-border coordination. It is quite possible that different protected systems exist in the same frequency band between adjacent countries or regions. In such cases, protected system information can be exchanged between different information processing devices 200 belonging to different countries or regions as needed.

[0225] In another aspect, the protected system information may include information about the secondary licensee and information about the wireless system operated by the secondary licensee. Specifically, a secondary licensee is a lessee of the license; for example, a secondary licensee is expected to lease the PAL from the owner and operate their own wireless system. If the information processing device 200 manages the lease independently, it may exchange information about the secondary licensee and information about the wireless system operated by the secondary licensee with other information processing devices for the purpose of protection.

[0226] This information can be exchanged between information processing devices 200, directly or indirectly, regardless of the decision-making topology applied to each information processing device 200.

[0227] Furthermore, this information can be exchanged using various methods. Examples include: • ID-based method • Period-based method • Area-based method • Dump method

[0228] The ID specification method is a method of obtaining information corresponding to an ID by using an ID that has been assigned in advance to identify the information managed by the information processing device 200. For example, suppose the first information processing device 200 manages a communication device 110 with ID: AAA. In this case, the second information processing device 200 makes an information acquisition request to the first information processing device 200, specifying ID: AAA. After receiving the request, the first information processing device 200 searches for information on ID: AAA and notifies the first information processing device 200 in a response of information related to the communication device 110 with ID: AAA, such as registered information communication parameter information.

[0229] A time-specified method is a method in which information that meets predetermined conditions can be exchanged within a specified period.

[0230] The specified conditions include, for example, whether or not the information has been updated. For example, if a request specifies that information regarding communication devices 110 during a specific period be obtained, the registration information of communication devices 110 newly registered during that specific period may be notified in the response. In addition, the registration information or communication parameter information of communication devices 110 whose communication parameters have changed during that specific period may also be notified in the response.

[0231] The specified conditions include, for example, whether or not the information has been recorded by the information processing device 200. For example, if a request specifies the acquisition of information about the communication device 110 for a specific period, the response may notify the user of registration information or communication parameter information recorded by the information processing device 200 during that period. If the information has been updated during that period, the latest information for that period may be notified. Alternatively, an update history may be notified for each piece of information.

[0232] The area designation method involves specifying a particular area, and then exchanging information about the communication devices 110 belonging to that area. For example, if a request specifies the acquisition of information about communication devices 110 in a specific area, the response may notify the user of the registration information or communication parameter information of the communication devices 110 installed in that area.

[0233] The dump method is a method of providing all the information recorded by the information processing device 200. At a minimum, it is desirable that information related to the communication device 110 and area information be provided using the dump method.

[0234] The explanation of information exchange between the information processing devices 200 up to this point is based entirely on the pull method. That is, information corresponding to the parameters specified in the request is returned in the response, which can be implemented, for example, using the HTTP GET method. However, it is not necessary to be limited to the pull method; information may also be actively provided to other information processing devices 200 using the push method. The push method can be implemented, for example, using the HTTP POST method.

[0235] <2.7.2 Command and Request Procedures> The information processing devices 200 may issue commands or requests to each other. Specifically, one example is the reconfiguration of the communication parameters of the communication device 110. For example, if the first communication device 110 managed by the first information processing device 200 is determined to be receiving significant interference from the second communication device 110 managed by the second information processing device 200, the first information processing device 200 may request the second information processing device 200 to change the communication parameters of the second communication device 110.

[0236] Another example is the reconfiguration of area information. For instance, if there are deficiencies in the calculation of coverage information or protected area information related to the second communication device 110 managed by the second information processing device 200, the first information processing device 200 may request the second information processing device 200 to reconfigure the area information. Requests for area information reconfiguration may also be made for various other reasons.

[0237] <2.8 Means of Information Transmission> The notification (signaling) between entities described above can be achieved through various media. Naturally, implementation is not limited to these.

[0238] <2.8.1 Signaling between Information Processing Device 200 and Communication Device 110> Notification from the communication device 110 to the information processing device 200 may be performed, for example, at the application layer. For example, it may be performed using HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol). Signaling can be performed by describing the required parameters in the HTTP message body according to a predetermined format. Furthermore, when using HTTP, notification from the information processing device 200 to the communication device 110 is also performed according to the HTTP response mechanism.

[0239] <2.8.2 Signaling between Communication Device 110 and Terminal 120> This will be explained using E-UTRA or 5G NR as an example. Notification from the communication device 110 to the terminal 120 may be performed using, for example, at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, System Information (SI), and Downlink Control Information (DCI). In addition, the downlink physical channel may be PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel, PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel, NR-PDCCH, NR-PDSCH, NR-PBCH, etc., and at least one of these may be used.

[0240] Notification from terminal 120 to communication device 110 may be performed, for example, using RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling or uplink control information (UCI). Alternatively, it may be performed using uplink physical channels (PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel).

[0241] Signaling may be implemented not only at the physical layer as described above, but also at higher layers. For example, when implemented at the application layer, signaling may be carried out by writing the required parameters in the HTTP message body according to a predetermined format.

[0242] <2.8.4 Signaling between terminals 120> This will be explained using E-UTRA or 5G NR as an example. Figure 9 shows an example of the signaling flow when considering D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication between terminals 120 as the communication of the secondary system. For D2D or V2X communication between terminals 120, a physical sidelink channel (PSCCH: Physical Sidelink Control Channel, PSSCH: Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSBCH: Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be used. The information processing device 200 calculates the communication parameters (T101) and notifies the communication device 110 (T102). The values ​​of the communication parameters may be determined and notified, or conditions indicating the range of the communication parameters may be determined and notified. The communication device 110 acquires the communication parameters and sets the communication parameters that the communication device 110 will use (T103). Then, the communication device 110 determines the communication parameters for the terminals 120 under its control and notifies the terminals 120 (T104). Each terminal 120 under the communication device 110 obtains and sets the communication parameters for itself (T105). Then, it communicates with other terminals 120 (T106).

[0243] When using a shared frequency channel for sidelink communication (direct communication between terminals 120), communication parameters may be notified, acquired, or set in conjunction with a resource pool for sidelink communication within the shared frequency channel. A resource pool is a radio resource for sidelink communication configured by specific frequency resources or time resources. Frequency resources include, for example, resource blocks and component carriers. Time resources include, for example, radio frames, subframes, slots, and mini-slots. When a resource pool is configured within a frequency channel subject to shared frequency communication, it is configured by the communication device 110 to the terminal 120 based on at least one of RRC signaling, system information, and downlink control information. The resource pool and communication parameters to be applied in the sidelink are also configured by the communication device 110 to the terminal 120 based on at least one of RRC signaling, system information, and downlink control information. Notifications regarding resource pool settings and notifications regarding communication parameters to be used in sidelinks may be sent simultaneously or separately.

[0244] <3. First Embodiment> Figure 10 is a block diagram showing an information processing system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The information processing system 1 includes a frequency management device (information processing device) 2, an information recording device 3, and one or more communication devices 4. In Figure 10, communication devices 4a, 4b, and 4c are shown as communication devices 4.

[0245] The frequency management device 2, information recording device 3, communication device 4, and the intermediate device 5 described later in Figure 10 may be replaced by the information processing device 200, information recording device 300, communication device 110, and intermediate device 130 in Figure 1, respectively.

[0246] The frequency management device 2 manages the frequency band by providing the communication device 4 with information on secondary usable frequency channels. Specifically, the frequency management device 2 performs tasks such as registering communication devices, calculating and providing usable frequencies, registering usable frequencies and transmission power, and granting permission for radio wave transmission.

[0247] Furthermore, the frequency management device 2 includes an LOS / NLOS determination unit 2a and a determination error prediction unit 2b. The LOS / NLOS determination unit 2a performs LOS / NLOS determination as described later. The determination error prediction unit 2b predicts whether or not a determination error is likely to occur in the LOS / NLOS determination. In this specification, the LOS / NLOS determination unit 2a and the determination error prediction unit 2b are also referred to as processing units.

[0248] For example, an Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) could be considered as the frequency management device 2. However, the configuration of the frequency management device 2 according to this disclosure may also be applied to devices other than an automatic frequency control.

[0249] The information recording device 3 records the information necessary for the frequency management device 2 to perform the above processing. In this specification, the information recording device 3 is described as a device that records building data. However, although there are generally external devices that record information such as radio equipment information and license information of existing licensees, the description here will be omitted as it is assumed that such devices exist.

[0250] Communication device 4 is a device that communicates with other communication devices using the provided frequency channel information. It corresponds to communication device 110, such as a base station, as shown in Figure 1.

[0251] The information processing system 1 may have a configuration that includes one or more intermediate devices 5. The intermediate devices 5 perform the necessary access to the frequency management device 2 on behalf of one or more communication devices 4.

[0252] The frequency management device 2 calculates and determines the available frequencies and maximum allowable transmit power of the communication equipment based on single-station interference or cumulative interference. When based on the single-station interference criterion, the indicators of the frequency channels used by the protected entity are set to n ch,Rx 、Use the indicator of the frequency channel of the transmitter as n ch, Tx Assume that the maximum allowable transmission power (EIRP) P of the transmitter MaxAcceptEIRP (n ch, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​- Location p of the protected entity Rx This is the inter-path loss (propagation loss).

[0254] Furthermore, by applying the above equation (4) and setting the following inequality (5), the transmitter can be set to frequency channel n ch, Tx Transmit power P EIRP (n ch, Tx It is possible to determine whether applying [dBm] is acceptable, that is, whether frequency sharing is possible without exceeding the allowable interference power of the protected entity.

[0255] The above inequality (5) is expressed in terms of EIRP per channel (i.e., dBm / channel), but it can also be expressed as shown in equation (6) below, based on the power spectral density (PSD) per unit frequency bandwidth. That is, if the unit frequency bandwidth is 1 MHz, BW Rx : Frequency channel width of the protected entity, BW Tx This can be expressed as: the frequency channel width of the transmitter.

[0256] Furthermore, interference can occur not only on the same frequency channel but also on adjacent frequency channels to the protected entity. When determining the availability of adjacent frequencies for the protected entity, this can be done by combining one or more of the following in the determination inequality or maximum allowable transmit power determination formula: Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio (ACIR), Out of Channel Emission (OOCE), Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR), or Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS). Specifically, for example, n ch, Tx and n ch, RxLet Df be the separation frequency between the center frequencies of the frequency channels shown by the equation. The equation can then be transformed as shown in equation (7) below.

[0257] Here, g(Df) is either ACIR or OOCE. In the case of OOCE, it is generally possible to apply it by referring to the frequency characteristics (spectrum mask) or specified values ​​of the transmitter output. In the case of ACIR, if the frequency characteristics are known in advance, they may be used, or they can be derived from ACLR and ACS, for example, as in equation (8) below. In other words, it is possible to apply a combination of ACLR and ACS to the formula instead of ACIR.

[0258] Figure 11A shows the positional relationship between the transmitter and the fixed service receiver, which is the protected entity. Figure 11A illustrates the uncertainty area, which represents the positional information of the transmitter, and the fixed service receiver (FS Receiver), which is the protected entity.

[0259] Figure 11B shows a method for determining the usable frequency and maximum allowable transmission power in the uncertainty region. In the example in Figure 11B, the frequency management device 2 grids the uncertainty region and determines the usable frequency and maximum allowable transmission power in the uncertainty region by performing calculations such as equations (4) to (8), with each grid point being a virtual position of the transmitter.

[0260] Furthermore, for example, any transmitted power P in the area surrounding the protected entity. EIRP (n ch, Tx An exclusion zone can be determined, indicating an area where transmission is impossible at [dBm]. Figures 12A and 12B show the method for determining the exclusion zone.

[0261] First, as shown in Figure 12A, when an FS Receiver is installed in a certain location, the geographic area is gridded according to a predetermined standard, and P is generated at each grid point. EIRP (n ch, TxWhether transmission is possible at [dBm] is evaluated using inequality (5), etc. The grid points are p Tx It can be treated as such.

[0262] For example, if the grid point in Figure 12A is P EIRP (n ch, Tx If a location is identified as untransmittable at [dBm], the outer boundary of that location can be designated as the exclusion zone outer boundary, and the area inside it can be designated as the exclusion zone. Figure 12B shows the exclusion zone. If the transmitter is located outside the exclusion zone in Figure 12B, P EIRP (n ch, Tx It can be transmitted in [dBm].

[0263] Also, multiple stages of P EIRP (n ch, Tx It is also possible to define the exclusion zones individually using [dBm] (for example, 36 dBm, 30 dBm, 24 dBm, etc. The step size is arbitrary).

[0264] Figure 13 shows the distance relationship between the transmitter and the FS Receiver. In Figure 13, the position of the transmitter when calculated by the AFC System using the WINNER II model is shown as a donut-shaped area. The position of the transmitter is within the donut-shaped area, i.e., the position of the transmitter p Tx - Location p of the protected entity Rx The distance between them is R min (For example, 30m) longer than R max (For example, if the distance is less than 1km), the AFC System will be L Path (p Tx , p Rx ) [dB] When calculating this, the WINNER II model is applied.

[0265] According to FCC regulations, if building data is unavailable, propagation loss must be calculated based on the following formula (9). That is, P LOS: Probability of being LOS (= 1 - P NLOS ), P NLOS : Probability of being NLOS (= 1 - P LOS ), L LOS : LOS propagation loss, L NLOS : NLOS propagation loss.

[0266] When determining the maximum allowable transmission power in a given frequency channel or performing an exclusion zone determination calculation in the area shown in FIG. 13, the WINNER II model will be used.

[0267] Here, when the AFC System holds building data (including data indicating the absence of buildings) throughout the area of FIG. 13, LOS / NLOS determination can be performed using the building data in the WINNER II model calculation. The detailed path loss calculations for each of the LOS determination / NLOS determination cases are specified as follows in WINNF-TS-1014 R2-AIP-34-b.

[0268] First, when site-specific information such as building data is not available, the path loss can be calculated by the following formula (10). That is, Path-loss (L): Path loss, s CPL(dB) : Shadowing standard deviation of Path-loss (L), represented by formula (11). s LOS(dB) : Shadowing standard deviation in the case of LOS, s NLOS ​​​​​​​​​Generally, the propagation loss calculated using the above formula applied to NLOS in formula (12) is greater than the propagation loss calculated using formula (10). Therefore, by determining whether it is LOS or NLOS using site-specific information such as building data, and then calculating the propagation loss using the above formula in formula (12) when the path between the transmitter and the protected entity (receiver) is NLOS, the estimated interference power from the communication device (transmitter) to the receiver is reduced, and as a result, the allowable transmission power of the transmitter can be increased.

[0271] Conversely, if the path is LOS, the transmitter is likely to cause harmful interference to the receiver. Therefore, by calculating the propagation loss using the lower part of equation (12), the estimated interference power from the transmitter (communication device) to the receiver can be overestimated, thereby more reliably protecting the receiver from interference from the transmitter.

[0272] On the other hand, WINNF-TS-1014 currently does not specify a concrete method for performing LOS / NLOS determination using building data. As a concrete method for performing LOS / NLOS determination, for example, ITU-R P.452 specifies a method for determining whether the space between the transmitter and receiver is obstructed by terrain, taking into account the curvature of the Earth in the calculation of the Diffraction Loss. Originally, this is a method for considering the presence or absence of terrain obstruction, but it can also be used with building data by following the procedure below.

[0273] Figures 14A to 14C illustrate the LOS / NLOS determination method using building data. First, in Figure 14A, buildings are extracted using 2D polygon data representing the footprint of a building, through which the path connecting the transmitter Tx and the receiver (protected entity or protected device) Rx passes. In Figure 14A, the buildings to be extracted are hatched. In Figure 14A, the horizontal direction represents latitude (Lat), and the vertical direction represents longitude (Lon).

[0274] Consider a cross-sectional view of the 3D data of the building extracted in Figure 14A, cut along the path connecting the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. Figure 14B is a cross-sectional view of the building extracted in Figure 14A. In Figure 14B, the horizontal direction represents latitude (Lat), the vertical direction represents elevation (Alt: altitude), and the depth direction represents longitude (Lon).

[0275] To perform LOS / NLOS determination, profile points P related to terrain variation between the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx are determined. Figure 14C shows the profile points P for each building. Each profile point P can be represented as a set of combinations of distance di from the position of the transmitter Tx and elevation hi at that position. In Figure 14C, the points at both ends of each top surface of the building are treated as profile points.

[0276] The inclination S from the transmitter position to the receiver position is given by equations (13) and (14) below. tr And the maximum value S of the slope to the profile point tim We will find this. LOS / NLOS can be determined using the following inequality (15).

[0277] If inequality (15) is satisfied, that is, if the maximum value S of the slope to the profile point is found tim S tilt from the receiver tr If the value is greater, then the path is not obstructed by a building. In this case, it is LOS. If inequality (15) is not satisfied, then the path is obstructed by a building, i.e., it is NLOS. Note that in the example of Figure 14C, the maximum value S of the slope to the profile point. tim S tilt from the receiver tr Since it is smaller, it is determined to be NLOS.

[0278] As described above, LOS / NLOS determination can be performed in two dimensions by separating it into horizontal and vertical directions. However, if the building data is three-dimensional, LOS / NLOS determination can be performed using collision detection between the object and the path, similar to that performed in ray tracing. For example, the path between the transmitter and receiver can be checked for collisions with the three-dimensional data of each building, and if a collision occurs, it can be determined to be NLOS; otherwise, it can be determined to be LOS.

[0279] Alternatively, the location of the building can be compared with the Fresnel radius (described later) to determine if the building is within a certain distance from the Fresnel zone, or if it intrudes into the Fresnel zone by a certain distance, thus determining that it is an NLOS (Non-No-Situation Area). In this case, if there are multiple buildings, the building closest to the Fresnel zone or the building that intrudes the furthest may be used as the basis. Furthermore, a relative value to the Fresnel radius may be used as the basis, rather than an absolute value such as the distance from the Fresnel zone.

[0280] The frequency management device 2 according to this disclosure performs LOS / NLOS determination (first determination), determines whether the signal transmitted by the transmitter interferes with the receiver based on inequality (5) and equation (12), etc., and can calculate the allowable transmission power of the transmitter that can transmit a signal (first allowable transmission power) (first process).

[0281] Alternatively, the frequency management device 2 can calculate the allowable transmission power (second allowable transmission power) of the transmitter that can transmit a signal (second process) based on inequality (5) and equation (9), etc., without performing LOS / NLOS determination (second process).

[0282] Figures 15A and 15B illustrate the challenges of LOS / NLOS determination. In the examples shown in Figures 15A and 15B, errors in LOS / NLOS determination can occur.

[0283] Figure 15A illustrates an example of LOS / NLOS misjudgment occurring in the horizontal direction (i.e., on the Lat-Lon plane). Figure 15A shows one transmitter Tx and multiple receivers Rx, as well as multiple paths (hereinafter simply referred to as paths) connecting the transmitter Tx and the multiple receivers Rx. Specifically, Figure 15A shows Path_1 passing through a very narrow building, Path_2 passing near the wall of the building at approximately the same incline, and Path_3 passing slightly through the corner of the building.

[0284] As described above, in paths Pass_1 to Pass_3, if the accuracy of the building data itself is low, or if an LOS / NLOS determination method with a large margin of error is used, it may be possible to mistakenly determine that a building is actually LOS as NLOS, or vice versa.

[0285] Figure 15B illustrates an example of LOS / NLOS misdetermination occurring in the vertical direction (i.e., on a plane perpendicular to the Lat-Lon plane and containing the path from Rx to Tx). Figure 15B shows three paths: Pass_4, which passes through a low-rise building; Pass_5, which passes near the top of the building with approximately the same incline; and Pass_6, which passes slightly through the corner of the building.

[0286] When performing LOS / NLOS determination in three dimensions, similar problems may occur depending on the conditions that combine the examples shown in Figures 15A and 15B.

[0287] When using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula in models such as the WINNER II, a larger propagation loss is calculated than that calculated using the LOS propagation loss formula, resulting in a smaller received power calculated from the propagation loss. Therefore, if an LOS is mistakenly determined to be NLOS, the maximum transmit power of the transmitter will be calculated with an underestimate of the interference power to the protected entity, potentially causing harmful interference to the protected entity.

[0288] Conversely, if NLOS is mistakenly identified as LOS, the interference from the transmitter will be overestimated, potentially limiting the transmitted power to a value lower than what should be transmittable, thus reducing the efficiency of frequency utilization.

[0289] The information processing system 1 according to the first embodiment of this disclosure is characterized by its ability to solve these problems.

[0290] Figure 16A is a flowchart showing the operation of the frequency management device 2 according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. The frequency management device 2 performs LOS / NLOS determination using the method shown in Figure 16A.

[0291] The LOS / NLOS determination unit 2a determines whether the path between the transmitter and receiver is LOS or NLOS using any method (step S1). First, it determines whether the determination in step S1 is LOS or NLOS (step S2).

[0292] If either LOS or NLOS is determined in step S1 (step S3), the determination in step S1 is treated as the first determination result. The first determination result is either an LOS determination (step S4) or an NLOS determination (step S5).

[0293] If the first determination result is LOS, i.e., in step S4, the determination error prediction unit 2b determines whether a determination error is likely to occur (step S6a). In step S6a, it is checked whether the original result was NLOS but was determined to be LOS in step S1 due to a determination error.

[0294] In step S6a, based on information regarding the position of the transmitter Tx, information regarding the position of the receiver Rx, and information regarding buildings near the transceiver, a situation in which a misjudgment that the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is LOS is predicted. For example, building data can be used for the information regarding buildings near the transceiver.

[0295] If it is determined in step S6a that the situation is likely to result in a judgment error, the pass is considered to be NLOS instead of LOS (step S7). If it is determined in step S6a that the situation is unlikely to result in a judgment error, the result of the judgment in step S4 is used as is, and the pass is determined to be LOS (step S8).

[0296] The judgment error prediction unit 2b may omit the processing in step S6a depending on the policy of the information processing system 1, etc. In step S6a, for example, the information processing system 1 may determine whether a judgment error is likely to occur only if it has a policy (first policy) that calculates so that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx is higher.

[0297] Similarly, in the case where the first judgment result is NLOS, i.e., step S5, the judgment error prediction unit 2b determines whether a judgment error is likely to occur (step S6b). In step S6b, it is checked whether the result was originally LOS but was incorrectly determined as NLOS in step S1 due to a judgment error.

[0298] If it is determined in step S6b that the situation is prone to errors, the pass is considered to be LOS instead of NLOS (step S8). If it is determined in step S6b that the situation is unlikely to cause errors, the result of the determination in step S5 is used as is to determine that the pass is NLOS (step S7).

[0299] In step S6b, for example, if the information processing system 1 follows a policy (second policy) that calculates so that the interference power supplied to the receiver Rx is always lower than a threshold, it may be determined whether or not a judgment error is likely to occur.

[0300] After determining in step S7 or S8 that the result is NLOS or LOS, the propagation loss is calculated based on that determination (step S9). In step S9, the propagation loss may be calculated using the above formula (12), etc.

[0301] If neither LOS nor NLOS determination is obtained in step S1 (for example, if the determination is unclear as to whether it is LOS or NLOS due to the building data being unavailable, etc.), the propagation loss calculation in step S9 is performed based on this result. In this case, the propagation loss calculation may be performed using the above formula (10), etc.

[0302] Using the propagation loss calculated in step S9, the maximum allowable transmission power of the transmitter can be calculated using equation (4), etc. The transmitter can transmit a signal with a transmission power that does not exceed the maximum allowable transmission power (i.e., a transmission power that satisfies inequality (5)).

[0303] As described above, in steps S6a and S6b, if it is determined that the situation is prone to judgment errors, the propagation loss calculation is performed based on the second judgment result, which is the inverse of the first judgment result. On the other hand, if it is determined that the situation is not prone to judgment errors, the propagation loss calculation is performed based on the first judgment result.

[0304] Furthermore, if it is determined in step S6a or S6b that the situation is prone to errors, the propagation loss calculation may be performed using the above formula (10) or the like, without using building data. Alternatively, the free-space propagation loss, which is the most conservative propagation model, may be calculated.

[0305] This reduces the possibility of harmful interference to the protected entity due to misjudgment, or of excessive suppression of the transmitter Tx's transmission power.

[0306] In step S6b, buildings that shield the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx may be identified, and this information may be used for prediction.

[0307] Furthermore, if there are multiple buildings that obstruct the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, the likelihood of detection errors occurring should be predicted for each building, and the path may only be considered a line of sight (LOS) if there is a possibility of detection errors occurring in all buildings.

[0308] In step S6a, the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx may not be obstructed, and buildings located within a predetermined range from the path may be determined and this information may be used for prediction.

[0309] Furthermore, if there are multiple buildings located within a predetermined range of the path without obstructing the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, the same procedure as above should be followed to predict whether a judgment error is likely to occur for each building, and the path may be considered NLOS only if there is a possibility of a judgment error occurring for all buildings.

[0310] When predicting the likelihood of misjudgment for each building, the process involves selecting one building and repeatedly determining whether the selected building is likely to cause misjudgment regarding whether it obstructs the path. For example, misjudgment can be predicted sequentially starting with buildings closest to the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx, and the prediction process can be stopped once a building where misjudgment is unlikely is found, at which point the path can be considered either NLOS or LOS.

[0311] Alternatively, if there is a possibility of a misjudgment occurring in one or more buildings, the path may be considered LOS or NLOS. In this case, misjudgments are predicted sequentially starting from buildings closest to the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx, and the prediction process may be stopped when a building where a misjudgment is likely to occur is found, and the path may be considered LOS or NLOS.

[0312] The prediction of whether a judgment error is likely to occur may be made using only one of either LOS or NLOS. Figure 16B is a flowchart showing the operation of the frequency management device 2 when predicting whether a judgment error is likely to occur using only one of the two, with LOS as an example. In Figure 16B, a determination is made as to whether or not it is LOS, and if it is determined to be LOS (steps S1a and S2a), then, as in Figure 16A, it is determined in step S6a whether or not a judgment error is likely to occur. In step S6a, if it is determined that a judgment error is unlikely to occur, the propagation loss is calculated using equation (12), etc., as LOS; if it is determined that it is likely to occur, it is calculated as NLOS. If it is determined to be NLOS in step S2a, the propagation loss may be calculated using equation (12), etc., as is, or the propagation loss may be calculated using equation (10), etc., without considering building data. If neither a determination of LOS or NLOS is obtained in step S2a, the propagation loss may be calculated using equation (10), etc.

[0313] The operation to predict whether a judgment error is likely to occur only for NLOS can be performed in the same way as in Figure 16B.

[0314] If the information processing system 1 has the first policy described above, the frequency management device 2 may predict judgment errors only for LOS, as shown in Figure 16B. Alternatively, if the information processing system 1 has the second policy, it may predict judgment errors only for NLOS.

[0315] Furthermore, whether to determine whether a judgment error is more likely to occur for LOS or NLOS may be set in the frequency management device 2 in advance, or it may be set when determining LOS / NLOS. Figure 16C is a flowchart showing the operation of the frequency management device 2 when determining whether a judgment error is more likely to occur for LOS or NLOS when determining LOS / NLOS. First, the device selects which of LOS or NLOS is to predict a judgment error (step S1b). Next, it determines whether the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is LOS or NLOS (step S1c). If LOS is selected in step S1b, then in step S1c, it determines whether the path is LOS or not. After that, similar to Figure 16B, if the path was the one selected in step S1c, a judgment error prediction (step S6c) is performed, and if it is determined that a judgment error is less likely to occur, it is determined to be the selected one (LOS in the above example), and if it is determined that a judgment error is more likely to occur, it is determined to be the other one (NLOS in the above example).

[0316] Alternatively, a prediction of a judgment error may be performed before determining LOS / NLOS. Figure 16D is a flowchart showing the operation of the frequency management device 2 when a prediction of a judgment error is performed first. First, a prediction of a judgment error is performed (step S1d). If it is determined in step S1d that a judgment error is likely to occur, it is automatically determined to be NLOS or LOS (NLOS in the example of Figure 16D) (step S7b). If it is determined in step S1d that a judgment error is unlikely to occur, a LOS / NLOS determination is performed (step S8b). After that, the propagation loss is calculated in step S9 based on the determination result of step S7b or step S8b.

[0317] In Figure 16D, if the information processing system 1 has, for example, the first policy described above, it may automatically determine in step S7b that it is NLOS. Alternatively, if the information processing system 1 has the second policy, it may automatically determine in step S7b that it is LOS.

[0318] The following describes a specific prediction method for determining whether or not a judgment error may occur in steps S6a to S6c.

[0319] <3.1 First Method for Predicting Judgment Errors> Figures 17A to 17E illustrate a prediction method for performing LOS / NLOS judgment in two dimensions, dividing the building into horizontal and vertical directions. The method in Figures 17A to 17E predicts whether judgment errors are likely to occur for each building based on the distance between the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx (hereinafter also simply referred to as the path) and the two-dimensional outline of the building. For simplicity, an example with only one building will be explained below.

[0320] For the two-dimensional outline of the building, for example, the contour line of one of the building's main surfaces may be used. Alternatively, the path may be a straight line connecting the position of the transmitter Tx and the position of the receiver Rx.

[0321] Figure 17A shows the first example of predicting whether a line of sight (LOS) is likely to be mistakenly identified as a line of sight (NLOS) using the horizontal outline of a building. In Figure 17A, the building's footprint is divided into two by a line segment through which the path passes. Next, the maximum distances Xmax_1 and Xmax_2 between the divided outlines (Footprint_1 and Footprint_2 in Figure 17A) and the line through which the path passes are calculated. Then, when these maximum values ​​Xmax_1 and Xmax_2 fall below a certain threshold for both or one of the divided outlines, it is predicted that a misjudgment is likely to occur.

[0322] Figure 17B shows a second example of predicting whether a line of sight (LOS) is likely to be mistaken for a line of sight (NLOS) using the horizontal outline of a building. Figure 17B illustrates a case where a path enters a building, exits it, and then re-enters it. In this case, the footprint is divided into three or more parts by the line segment connecting the point where the path enters the building and the point where it finally exits. In the example in Figure 17B, the footprint is divided into Footprint_1, Footprint_2, and Footprint_3. In this case, the line segment connecting the point where the path enters the building and the point where it finally exits, along with the maximum distances Xmax_1, Xmax_2, and Xmax_3 for each divided outline, should be determined, and it should be checked whether all or any of these maximum distances fall below a threshold.

[0323] Figure 17C shows an example of predicting whether a nonlinear horizontal path (NLOS) is likely to be mistakenly identified as a line of sight (LOS) path (LOS) using the horizontal outline of a building. In Figure 17C, the shortest distance Xmin between the path and the building's footprint is calculated, and if this distance falls below a certain threshold, it is predicted that a misidentification is likely to occur.

[0324] Figure 17D shows an example of predicting whether a building is likely to be mistakenly identified as an NLOS (Linear Line) when it is actually a LOS (Line of Sight). In Figure 17D, the building's outline is divided into two parts by a line segment through which the path passes. Next, the maximum distance Ymax from the line through which the path passes is calculated for the upper part of the divided outline in the elevation direction. When this maximum distance Ymax falls below a certain threshold, it is predicted that a misjudgment is likely to occur.

[0325] Furthermore, if the lower part of the divided outer shape is not in contact with the ground, as in Figure 17A, the maximum distance between the path and the line passed through both the upper and lower parts can be calculated, and it can be predicted that a judgment error may occur if this maximum distance falls below a certain threshold in both the upper and lower parts, or in one of them.

[0326] Figure 17E shows an example of predicting whether a nonlinear path (NLOS) is likely to be mistakenly identified as a line of sight (LOS) using the vertical outline of a building. In Figure 17E, the shortest distance Ymin between the path and the building is calculated, and when this distance falls below a certain threshold, it is predicted that a misjudgment is likely to occur.

[0327] In Figures 17A to 17E, the threshold can be, for example, the error level assumed in advance when creating the building data. Alternatively, if the building data is created in a projected coordinate system, the error in that projected coordinate system may be used. Or, if any coordinate system transformation is necessary when combining elevation data and building data, the error associated with that transformation may be used. Furthermore, if the positions of the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx are represented as Uncertainty Area, the size of the grid points used in the calculation may be used as the error threshold. In addition, if multiple of these factors occur simultaneously, statistical values ​​such as the sum, minimum, maximum, and average of these errors may be used as the threshold.

[0328] <3.2 Second Method for Predicting Judgment Errors> Figures 18A to 18C illustrate a modified version of the method shown in Figures 17A to 17E. In Figures 17A to 17E, judgment errors are predicted based on the distance between the path and the outline of the building, while in Figures 18A to 18C, judgment errors are predicted based on the distance between the path and the vertices of the outline of the building.

[0329] Figure 18A shows an example of predicting whether a building is likely to be mistakenly identified as an NLOS (Linear Horizontal Sight) using its horizontal outline. In the method shown in Figure 18A, the distance between one or more vertices and the path is calculated for each outline divided by a path. Based on the calculated distances, the maximum distance from the path is calculated for each divided outline. If at least one of the calculated maximum values ​​falls below a certain threshold, it is predicted that a misjudgment is likely to occur. Alternatively, a misjudgment may be predicted when two or more, or all, of the maximum values ​​fall below the threshold.

[0330] Figure 18A shows an example where a single building is divided into two outlines, Footprint_1 and Footprint_2, by a path. In Footprint_1, the distance between vertex P_1 and the path is the maximum value Xmax_1. In Footprint_2, the distance between vertex P_2 and the path is the maximum value Xmax_2. In this example, it is predicted that a judgment error is likely to occur when the maximum values ​​Xmax_1 and Xmax_2 fall below a certain threshold in both or one of the divided outlines.

[0331] Figure 18B shows an example of predicting whether a nonlinear horizontal path (NLOS) is likely to be mistakenly identified as a line of sight (LOS) using the horizontal outline of a building. In Figure 18B, the distances from the path to one or more vertices of the building's footprint are calculated, and the shortest distance among these calculated distances (in the example of Figure 18B, the distance to vertex P_1, Xmin) is found. If this distance falls below a certain threshold, it is predicted that a misjudgment is likely to occur.

[0332] Figure 18C illustrates a modified version of the method shown in Figure 18A. In Figure 18A, the distance between a path segment and a vertex is calculated. In contrast, the method in Figure 18C calculates the distance between the intersection points of the path segment and the outline (intersections P_3 and P_4 in the example in Figure 18C) and between one or more vertices of each of the outlines divided by the path (Footprint_1 and Footprint_2 in the example in Figure 18C). The maximum distance among these calculated distances (Xmax_1, the distance between intersection point P_3 and vertex P_1, and Xmax_2, the distance between intersection point P_4 and vertex P_2 in the example in Figure 18C) is then calculated. It is then predicted that a judgment error is likely to occur when this maximum value (Xmax_1 and Xmax_2 in Figure 18C) falls below a certain threshold for both or one of the divided outlines.

[0333] The method in Figure 18C reduces the computational complexity compared to the method in Figure 18A. Furthermore, the method in Figure 18C can also be applied to the case shown in Figure 18B.

[0334] The methods shown in Figures 18A to 18C above can also be applied to the vertical outline of a building, as shown in Figures 17D and 17E.

[0335] If the building has a shape that includes curves, the building may be approximated to a shape composed only of straight lines, and the above prediction may be made using that approximated shape.

[0336] The first and second error prediction methods can be applied, for example, to LOS / NLOS determination according to ITU-R P.452.

[0337] <3.3 Third Method for Predicting Judgment Errors> Figure 19 illustrates a prediction method for performing LOS / NLOS judgment on a building in three dimensions. The method in Figure 19 can be applied to collision detection between an object and a path using ray tracing.

[0338] Figure 19 shows an example of predicting whether a line of sight (LOS) is likely to be mistakenly identified as nonlinear line of sight (NLOS) using 3D data of a building. In Figure 19, a cross-section of the building is shown using a plane S that includes the path. In the method shown in Figure 19, multiple cross-sectional views of the building are obtained by rotating the plane S around the line segments of the path at regular intervals. Smaller rotation intervals are preferable.

[0339] For each rotation of plane S by a certain angle, the maximum distance between plane S and the line through which the path passes is calculated using the same method as in Figure 17A, etc. If, in any of the rotated planes S, this maximum distance falls below a threshold, it can be predicted that a judgment error is likely to occur.

[0340] In other words, in the example shown in Figure 19, multiple cross-sections containing the path of the building are extracted, and for each extracted cross-section, it is determined whether or not errors in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path are likely to occur.

[0341] To predict errors in judgment using plane S, the maximum distance between a vertex of plane S and a line segment of the path may be calculated, similar to Figure 18A. Alternatively, the maximum distance between a vertex of plane S and the intersection points P_5 and P_6 of the path and plane S may be calculated, similar to Figure 18C. Or, the maximum distance between a vertex of the building and the intersection points of the path and plane S may be calculated. This reduces the amount of computation.

[0342] If the building has a shape that includes curves, the building may be approximated to a shape composed only of straight lines, and the above prediction may be made using that approximated shape.

[0343] In the example in Figure 19, we can predict whether or not it is likely to be mistakenly identified as NLOS when it is actually LOS.

[0344] Furthermore, as a method for predicting whether a nonlinear path (NLOS) is likely to be mistakenly identified as a line-of-sight (LOS) path using 3D data of a building, the shortest distance between the building and the path may be calculated, similar to Figure 17B, and it may be determined whether the shortest distance is below a threshold. In this method, the shortest distance between the path and any of the faces, edges, or vertices of the building may be calculated. If the building has a curved shape, it may be approximated to a shape composed only of straight lines, as described above.

[0345] <3.4 Fourth Method for Predicting Judgment Errors> In the first to third judgment error prediction methods described above, LOS / NLOS determination is made based on whether or not a building exists on the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. The judgment error prediction method described herein can also be applied when determining LOS / NLOS based on the relationship between the Fresnel zone and a building.

[0346] Figure 20A illustrates a method for predicting errors in LOS / NLOS determination using Fresnel zones. For example, a first Fresnel zone is assumed. However, second and subsequent Fresnel zones may also be used. Figure 20A illustrates a Fresnel zone with a Fresnel radius rf.

[0347] In LOS / NLOS determination using the Fresnel zone, for example, if a building is located within a certain distance (first distance) X from the Fresnel zone, or if a building extends beyond a certain distance (second distance) Y into the Fresnel zone, it may be determined to be NLOS. If there are multiple buildings, the building closest to the Fresnel zone, or the building that extends the furthest into the Fresnel zone, may be used as the criterion for LOS / NLOS determination. In addition, relative values ​​such as the ratio of the Fresnel radius to the distance from the Fresnel zone to the building, or the ratio of the Fresnel radius to the amount of intrusion into the Fresnel zone, may be used as the criterion for LOS / NLOS determination, rather than absolute values ​​such as X and Y. Furthermore, in addition to X and Y mentioned above, the distance between the center of the Fresnel zone and the building may also be used for LOS / NLOS determination.

[0348] When predicting whether or not a judgment error is likely to occur in LOS / NLOS determination using the Fresnel zone, we consider predetermined margins ΔXa, ΔXb, ΔYa, and ΔYb for X and Y. Figure 20B shows the relationship between the Fresnel zone and X, Y, ΔXa, ΔXb, ΔYa, and ΔYb.

[0349] For example, if a building is at least X distance from the Fresnel zone, but not at least X + ΔXa (third distance), it is likely to be easily misidentified as LOS (Linear Operating System) when it is NLOS (Non-Linear Operating System). Alternatively, if a building does not extend beyond Y into the Fresnel zone, but does extend beyond Y - ΔYa (fourth distance), it is likely to be easily misidentified as LOS when it is NLOS.

[0350] Furthermore, for example, if a building is not more than X distance away from the Fresnel zone, but is more than X - ΔXb (the fifth distance), it can be predicted that it is easy to mistakenly determine a LOS (Line of Sight) as an NLOS (Non-Line of Sight). Alternatively, if a building intrudes into the Fresnel zone by more than Y distance, but not by more than Y + ΔYb (the sixth distance), it can be predicted that it is easy to mistakenly determine a LOS as an NLOS.

[0351] The above ΔXa, ΔXb, ΔYa, and ΔYb may be statistical values ​​such as the error level assumed in advance when creating the building data, the error in the projected coordinate system, the error associated with coordinate system transformation, or the sum, minimum, maximum, and average values ​​of these errors, similar to the first to third judgment error prediction methods. In addition, in the above prediction method, the absolute values ​​X + ΔXa, Y - ΔYa, X - ΔXb, and Y + ΔYb may be based on values ​​converted to relative values ​​with respect to the Fresnel radius. Furthermore, instead of the above X and Y, the distance between the center of the Fresnel zone and the building may be used to predict judgment errors.

[0352] Figure 20C illustrates a modified version of the method shown in Figure 20A. In the method of Figure 20A, LOS / NLOS determination and prediction of determination errors are performed on a plane parallel to the path. In contrast, in Figure 20C, LOS / NLOS determination and prediction of determination errors are performed on a cross-sectional view in which the Fresnel zone is cut by a plane perpendicular to the path. In Figure 20C, similar to Figure 20A, LOS / NLOS determination can be made based on whether the building is located within a certain distance X from the Fresnel zone, or whether the building extends beyond a certain distance Y into the Fresnel zone. Also, in Figure 20C, similar to Figure 20A, prediction of determination errors can be made using predetermined margins ΔXa, ΔXb, ΔYa, and ΔYb for X and Y.

[0353] For LOS / NLOS determination and prediction of determination errors, a method combining the method shown in Figure 20A and the method shown in Figure 20C may be used.

[0354] <3.5 Fifth Method for Predicting Judgment Errors> In addition to the first to fourth methods for predicting judgment errors described above, judgment errors may also be predicted based on the accuracy of the building data. For example, if it is known that the data accuracy is poor for one or more arbitrary number of buildings on the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, or for any number of buildings within a certain range area on which the path exists, it may be determined that the situation is prone to judgment errors.

[0355] For example, if the data accuracy of any number of buildings does not exceed a predetermined threshold, it may be judged that judgment errors are likely to occur.

[0356] Alternatively, the likelihood of a misjudgment can be predicted based on the level of detail of the building data. For example, the likelihood of a misjudgment can be predicted based on the Level of Details (LOD) of one or any number of buildings on the path, or buildings in a certain area within which the path exists.

[0357] Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating LOD (Level of Detail). Figure 21 shows five levels of LOD, namely LOD0 to LOD4. The level of detail of the building data is lowest at LOD0 and highest at LOD4. It can be predicted that if the level of detail of the building data is below a predetermined LOD, judgment errors are likely to occur.

[0358] You may also combine any or more of the above-mentioned methods for predicting judgment errors (1st to 5th) to predict whether or not a judgment error is likely to occur.

[0359] As described above, the information processing system 1 according to the first embodiment of this disclosure predicts whether or not an error in determining LOS / NLOS is likely to occur. If an error in determining LOS / NLOS is likely to occur, the information processing system 1 can calculate the propagation loss using a determination result opposite to the previously determined LOS / NLOS determination result, or it can calculate the propagation loss without using building data. This makes it possible to avoid underestimating or overestimating the interference power delivered to the protected entity. In other words, the information processing system 1 can improve frequency utilization efficiency while protecting the protected entity from radio interference.

[0360] <4. Second Embodiment> Another problem with LOS / NLOS determination is that LOS / NLOS determination methods are computationally intensive, and depending on the location of the transceiver and the surrounding environment, performing LOS / NLOS determination does not necessarily increase the allowable transmission power of the communication device or prevent harmful interference to the receiver. In these cases, it is desirable to reduce the computational load by not performing LOS / NLOS determination. The second embodiment of this disclosure is characterized by its ability to solve this problem.

[0361] Figure 22 is a block diagram showing an information processing system 1a according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. The frequency management device 2 in Figure 22 includes an LOS / NLOS determination unit (determination unit) 2a, a probability prediction unit (evaluation unit) 2c, and a control unit 2d. In this specification, the LOS / NLOS determination unit 2a, the probability prediction unit 2c, and the control unit 2d are also referred to as processing units. The probability prediction unit 2c predicts the probability of whether or not it is effective to make an LOS / NLOS determination. The control unit 2d selects whether or not to make an LOS / NLOS determination based on the prediction result of the probability prediction unit 2c.

[0362] The probability prediction unit 2c predicts whether there is a high probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter (communication device) Tx will improve by using a propagation loss calculation formula based on the LOS / NLOS determination (first prediction).

[0363] The first prediction determines whether the first allowable transmit power, which is assumed to be calculated when LOS / NLOS determination is performed, will be greater than the second allowable transmit power, which is calculated when LOS / NLOS determination is not performed. The first allowable transmit power is the allowable transmit power calculated using inequality (5) and equation (12), etc., based on the LOS / NLOS determination. The second allowable transmit power is the allowable transmit power calculated using inequality (5) and equation (9), etc.

[0364] In the case of NLOS, the first allowable transmission power calculated by inequality (5) and equation (12), etc., is greater than the second allowable transmission power calculated by inequality (5) and equation (9), etc. Therefore, the probability prediction unit 2c may predict that performing an LOS / NLOS determination is effective if there is a high probability that the LOS / NLOS determination will result in NLOS. Conversely, if there is a low probability that the LOS / NLOS determination will result in NLOS, that is, if there is a high probability that the LOS will result in LOS or if LOS / NLOS cannot be determined, the probability prediction unit 2c may predict that performing an LOS / NLOS determination is not effective.

[0365] Alternatively, the probability prediction unit 2c predicts whether there is a high probability of harmful interference occurring to the receiver (protected entity) Rx by using a propagation loss calculation formula that does not determine LOS / NLOS (second prediction).

[0366] The second prediction predicts, for example, whether harmful interference to the receiver Rx is likely to occur based on the allowable transmit power calculated using inequalities (5) and (9), etc.

[0367] In the case of LOS, the first allowable transmission power calculated by inequality (5) and equation (12), etc., becomes smaller than the second allowable transmission power calculated by inequality (5) and equation (9), etc. That is, in the case of LOS, when the transmission power of transmitter Tx increases, it will exceed the allowable transmission power, and there is a high possibility that harmful interference to receiver Rx will occur. Therefore, the probability prediction unit 2c may predict that it is effective to perform LOS / NLOS determination when there is a high probability that the LOS / NLOS determination will be determined as LOS. On the other hand, if there is a low probability that the LOS / NLOS determination will be determined as LOS, that is, when there is a high probability that it will be determined as NLOS or when there is a high probability that LOS / NLOS cannot be determined, the probability prediction unit 2c may predict that it is not effective to perform LOS / NLOS determination.

[0368] The probability prediction unit 2c may be configured to perform either the first prediction or the second prediction described above, or it may be configured to perform both.

[0369] When performing either the first or second prediction, the frequency management device 2 may pre-configure which prediction to perform, or it may be decided during the probability prediction process.

[0370] As described above, LOS / NLOS determination by the LOS / NLOS determination unit 2a is effective when there is a high probability of an increase in allowable transmission power or a high probability of harmful interference occurring. On the other hand, when these probabilities are low, LOS / NLOS determination is not effective, and it is preferable to reduce the computational load by not performing LOS / NLOS determination.

[0371] Figure 23A is a flowchart showing the operation of the frequency management device 2 according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. The probability prediction unit 2c first performs the above-mentioned probability prediction (step S11). The probability prediction uses information regarding the position of the transmitter Tx, information regarding the position of the receiver Rx, and building and topographic data.

[0372] In step S11, if it is determined that there is a high probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will increase, or that there is a high probability that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur (step S12), the LOS / NLOS determination unit 2a performs an LOS / NLOS determination (step S13). The frequency management device 2 also calculates the propagation loss using different propagation loss formulas (first propagation loss calculation method) depending on whether it is LOS or NLOS (step S14). For example, formula (12) is used as the first propagation loss calculation method.

[0373] On the other hand, if the probability is determined to be low in step S12, the propagation loss is calculated using a propagation loss calculation formula (second propagation loss calculation method) that does not perform an actual LOS / NLOS determination (step S15). For example, formula (10) can be used as the second propagation loss calculation method. Alternatively, the free-space propagation loss, which is the most conservative propagation model, may be calculated as the second propagation loss calculation method.

[0374] In other words, if the frequency management device 2 determines in step S12 that the probability is low, it can omit the LOS / NLOS determination.

[0375] Using the propagation loss calculated in step S14 or S15, the maximum allowable transmission power of the transmitter can be calculated using equation (4), etc. The transmitter can transmit a signal with a transmission power that does not exceed the maximum allowable transmission power (i.e., a transmission power that satisfies inequality (5)).

[0376] As shown in Figure 23A, by performing LOS / NLOS determination only when there is a high probability of increasing the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx or causing harmful interference to the receiver Rx, it is possible to maximize the opportunity to enjoy the benefits of using site-specific data such as building data while keeping the computational load down.

[0377] In this case, if there are multiple receivers (protected entities) Rx for a transmitter Tx, a probability prediction may be performed for each receiver Rx to determine whether or not to perform an LOS / NLOS determination. Alternatively, if there is at least one receiver Rx for a transmitter Tx with a low or high probability prediction result, a decision may be made as to whether or not to perform an LOS / NLOS determination for all receiver Rx. Alternatively, a probability prediction may be performed using information from all transmitters Tx and receiver Rx, and then a decision may be made as to whether or not to perform an LOS / NLOS determination.

[0378] In this specification, we will describe an example of applying probability prediction to predict whether there is a high probability of increasing the allowable transmit power of the transmitter Tx or of fatal interference occurring to the receiver Rx. However, without limiting the above, the probability prediction method described herein is broadly applicable to predicting in advance the degree of interference from the transmitter Tx to the receiver Rx.

[0379] Figure 23B is a modified version of the flowchart in Figure 23A. In Figure 23B, the flowchart in Figure 23A is modified by applying the LOS / NLOS determination method according to the first embodiment of this disclosure, which takes into account determination errors.

[0380] Specifically, in Figure 23B, if it is determined in step S12 that there is a high probability that the allowable transmit power of the transmitter Tx will increase, or that there is a high probability that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur, the frequency management device 2 performs an LOS / NLOS determination that takes into account any judgment errors (step S16). In step S16, the propagation loss can be calculated using the flowcharts shown in Figures 16A to 16D.

[0381] Furthermore, the frequency management device 2 may decide whether to perform LOS / NLOS determination considering judgment errors (step S16) based on the likelihood or computational resources. For example, if there are multiple receivers, the LOS / NLOS determination considering judgment errors may be limited to the receiver with the highest probability.

[0382] As shown in Figure 23B, the frequency management device 2 in Figure 22 may have a configuration that includes the judgment error prediction unit 2b in Figure 10.

[0383] The following describes a specific example of the probability prediction method in step S11 of Figure 23A or Figure 23B.

[0384] <4.1 First Probability Prediction Method> The following describes a probability prediction method that utilizes the height of either the transmitter Tx or the receiver Rx. Based on the height information of either the transmitter Tx or the receiver Rx, the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula is used to determine whether there is a high probability that the allowable transmit power of the transmitter Tx will improve. Alternatively, the LOS propagation loss calculation formula is used to determine whether there is a high probability that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur.

[0385] For example, if the height of either the transmitter Tx or the receiver Rx is below or less than a threshold, it can be determined that there is a high probability that the allowable transmit power of the transmitter Tx will improve by using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula. The height of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx used in this case may be the height from a predetermined reference plane. For example, it may be the ground height from the ground surface, or it may be the height including the elevation of the terrain.

[0386] The threshold value at this time may be freely determined by the frequency management device 2, or it may be predetermined by law or standard. Alternatively, if the height of either the transmitter Tx or the receiver Rx is above or greater than the threshold value, it may be assumed that there is a high probability of harmful interference occurring to the receiver Rx by using a propagation loss calculation formula that does not perform LOS / NLOS determination.

[0387] <4.2 Second Possibility Prediction Method> The following describes a possibility prediction method when using the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, and the LOS or NLOS probability. If the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is long, the probability of the presence of obstacles (e.g., buildings) and thus being NLOS is high. Therefore, based on the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, it may be determined that there is a high possibility that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx can be improved by using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula. Similarly, if the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is short, the possibility of the presence of buildings or the like is low and the probability of being LOS is high. In this case, it may be determined that there is a high possibility that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur if a propagation loss calculation formula that does not perform LOS / NLOS determination is used.

[0388] For example, when the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is greater than or equal to a threshold or greater than the threshold, it may be determined that there is a high possibility that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx can be improved by using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula. Similarly, when the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is less than or equal to (or less than) a predetermined threshold, it may be determined that there is a high possibility that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur if LOS / NLOS determination is not performed. At this time, the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx may be the distance on the geodetic system obtained using the Vincenty method or the like, or may be the distance calculated in the ECEF (earth-centered earth-fixed) orthogonal coordinate system considering height information.

[0389] Alternatively, instead of the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, possibility prediction may be performed based on, for example, the probability of being LOS or the probability of being NLOS used in Equation (9). Specifically, for example, if P LOS (the first probability) or P NLOS (the second probability) is less than or equal to a threshold or greater than or equal to the threshold, respectively, it may be determined that there is a high possibility that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx can be improved by using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula.

[0390] Alternatively, the probability prediction unit 2c may calculate the probability of LOS or the probability of NLOS based on the first to sixth probability prediction methods etc. in this specification. Also, the frequency management device 2 may calculate the propagation loss based on the probability of LOS or NLOS calculated by the probability prediction unit 2c in step S15 of FIG. 23A or FIG. 23B. For example, substituting the probability of LOS or NLOS calculated by the probability prediction unit 2c into P LOS or P NLOS may be performed.

[0391] The above probability of LOS or NLOS or the threshold of the distance may be freely determined by the frequency management device 2, or may be determined in advance by laws and regulations or standards.

[0392] <4.3 Third Probability Prediction Method> The possibility of improving the allowable transmission power or the possibility of generating harmful interference to the receiver Rx may be predicted based on the height difference between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. For example, when the absolute value of the height difference between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the probability of NLOS is high, and it may be determined that there is a high possibility of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx by using the propagation loss calculation formula for NLOS. Also, when the absolute value of the height difference between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is less than (or less than) a predetermined threshold value, the probability of LOS is high, and it may be determined that there is a high possibility of generating harmful interference to the receiver Rx if the propagation loss calculation formula that does not perform LOS / NLOS determination is used.

[0393] Furthermore, even if the height difference between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx is the same, the probability of NLOS (No Loss of Signal) occurring may change depending on the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. Figure 24 illustrates a probability prediction method using the distance and height difference between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. As shown in Figure 24, the longer the distance between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, the smaller the slope of the path relative to the horizontal direction becomes, and the higher the probability of NLOS occurring due to shielding by buildings, etc. For example, the slope of the path as seen from a reference plane may be calculated using equation (14) with respect to the distance and height between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. Based on the calculated slope of the path, it may be determined that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will improve by using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula, or that there is a high possibility of harmful interference to the receiver Rx if a propagation loss calculation formula that does not perform LOS / NLOS determination is used. Alternatively, if the slope of the path is above or greater than a threshold, it may be determined that there is a high possibility of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx. Furthermore, if the path slope is below (or less than) the threshold, it can be assumed that there is a high probability of harmful interference to the receiver Rx.

[0394] In equation (14), the slope S as seen from the transmitter Tx. tr However, if the threshold ΔS is within a range such as 90°±ΔS, it may be determined that there is a high probability that the allowable transmit power of the transmitter Tx will improve by using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula. Furthermore, the height and inclination thresholds may be freely determined by the frequency management device 2, or they may be predetermined by laws and standards.

[0395] Alternatively, the threshold for the height of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx, or the threshold for the height difference between the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx, may be changed depending on the distance between the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx. As shown in Figure 24, the probability of NLOS increases as the distance increases, so the threshold for the height difference can be reduced. Furthermore, the distance at which the threshold is changed, and the value of the threshold itself, may be freely determined by the frequency management device 2, or they may be predetermined by law or standards.

[0396] <4.4 Fourth Probability Prediction Method> Figures 25A and 25B illustrate a probability prediction method using the heights of buildings surrounding the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx. In Figure 25A, buildings included within a certain range D from at least one of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx are extracted. In Figure 25A, the extracted buildings are marked with dots. The certain range D is a concentric circle area with the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx as the approximate center.

[0397] In Figure 25B, the map is divided into arbitrary sections, and buildings are extracted from the sections containing at least one of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx. In Figure 25B, the extracted buildings are also marked with dots. The sections in Figure 25B may be predetermined by the government or other entities, or they may be defined by the frequency management device using a coordinate system such as latitude and longitude.

[0398] The height data of the building extracted using the method shown in Figure 25A or Figure 25B may be compared with the height of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx to determine whether there is a high probability of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx. Alternatively, instead of comparing with the height of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx, the height may be compared with the average value of the heights of the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx, or with the height of the path.

[0399] If multiple buildings are selected, the average, minimum, maximum, or median height of the selected buildings may be compared with the height of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx. If the difference between the average building height and the height of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx exceeds a threshold, it may be determined that there is a high probability of shielding by the building and that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx is likely to increase. Conversely, if the difference between the average building height and the height of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx does not exceed a threshold, it may be determined that there is a high probability of harmful interference to the receiver Rx. Alternatively, in addition to the average values ​​mentioned above, statistically processed values ​​of building height may be used as a standard.

[0400] Furthermore, if the height of either the transmitter Tx or the receiver Rx is above the threshold, it may be judged that there is a high probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will improve. Alternatively, if both the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx are above the threshold, it may be judged that there is a high probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will improve. Similarly, if the height of either the transmitter Tx or the receiver Rx is below the threshold, or if both the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx are below the threshold, it may be judged that there is a high probability that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur.

[0401] If the top surface of a building extracted using methods such as those shown in Figure 25A or Figure 25B is not flat, the building height may be the average, minimum, maximum, median, or all possible heights. Furthermore, if the values ​​are continuous, such as for a curved surface, the height obtained by sampling the top surface at regular intervals may be used.

[0402] Furthermore, considering not only the height of the buildings but also the distribution of their heights, it is reasonable to conclude that there is a high probability of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx. For example, if the variance in the distribution of building heights is small and the average height of surrounding buildings is above a threshold, it is reasonable to conclude that there is a high probability of shielding by the buildings and that there is a high probability of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx. Conversely, even if the average height is high, if the variance is large, it is not necessarily the case that the buildings will shield the signal, so it is reasonable to conclude that there is a low probability of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx. Also, if the variance in the distribution of building heights is small and the average height of surrounding buildings is below a threshold, it is reasonable to conclude that there is a high probability of harmful interference occurring to the receiver Rx, and if the variance in the distribution of building heights is large, it is reasonable to conclude that there is a low probability of harmful interference occurring to the receiver Rx.

[0403] When calculating statistical values ​​or distributional values ​​such as variance, it is possible to extract buildings that are likely to affect the LOS / NLOS determination result, such as buildings that are taller or shorter than at least one of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx, and then calculate the statistical values ​​or variance.

[0404] <4.5 Fifth Possibility Prediction Method> In addition to information on the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx, the possibility of an increase in the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx or the possibility of harmful interference occurring to the receiver Rx may also be predicted by taking into account the geographical conditions around the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. Figures 26A, 26B, and 26C illustrate a possibility prediction method using building data around the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx.

[0405] Figure 26A illustrates an example of dividing a map into arbitrary sections and extracting the average, minimum, maximum, or median heights of buildings within the sections through which a path passes (hereinafter also referred to as section heights). If the section height differs from the height of at least one of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx by a predetermined threshold or greater, it can be determined that there is a high probability of shielding by buildings within the section, and that the allowable transmission power of transmitter Tx is likely to increase. Conversely, if the difference between the section height and the height of at least one of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx is below (or less than) a predetermined threshold, it can be determined that there is a high probability of harmful interference to receiver Rx occurring.

[0406] As shown in the example in Figure 26A, if there are multiple sections through which the path passes, the average, minimum, maximum, or median height of the multiple sections may be compared with the height of at least one of the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx. Alternatively, it may be compared with the average height of both the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx.

[0407] In Figure 26B, the vertical height (e.g., elevation) of the path between the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx is compared with the height of the parcel to determine whether there is a high probability of improving the allowable transmit power. Figure 26B shows an example where the path between the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx passes through four parcels with different heights, i.e., different average, minimum, maximum, or median heights of buildings within the parcels.

[0408] In the example in Figure 26B, the vertical height of the path is compared with statistical values ​​such as the average, maximum, minimum, or median height of buildings in each section. If these statistical values ​​exceed the vertical height of the path in any or all sections, it may be determined that there is a high probability of an improvement in the allowable transmit power. Conversely, if they fall below the vertical height of the path, it may be determined that there is a high probability of harmful interference to the receiver Rx.

[0409] Regarding the vertical height of the path, if the paths, divided into sections, are sampled at regular intervals and the above statistical value is exceeded at any or all of the sampling points, it may be determined that there is a high probability of improving the allowable transmission power. Conversely, if any or all of the sampling points fall below the above statistical value, it may be determined that there is a high probability of harmful interference to the receiver Rx occurring.

[0410] Alternatively, the average, maximum, minimum, or median of the path heights for each section may be used as the vertical height of the path for each section.

[0411] When calculating the statistical values ​​for building heights in each section, it is also possible to extract buildings that are likely to affect the LOS / NLOS determination result, such as buildings that are taller or shorter than the path between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, and then calculate the statistical values ​​using only the extracted buildings.

[0412] In Figure 26C, the likelihood of an improvement in allowable transmission power is determined based on the number of buildings that the path between transmitter Tx and receiver Rx passes through on an arbitrary two-dimensional plane. A higher number of buildings increases the probability of shielding by the buildings, thus increasing the likelihood of an improvement in allowable transmission power. Alternatively, the vertical height of the path between transmitter Tx and receiver Rx can be compared with the height of each building. If the building height is higher than the vertical height of the path, it may be determined that there is a high probability of an improvement in allowable transmission power. Similarly, if there are few buildings, or if the building height is lower than the vertical height of the path, it may be determined that there is a high probability of harmful interference to receiver Rx. Note that at least one of the building heights or the vertical height of the path between transmitter Tx and receiver Rx may be a statistical value such as the mean, minimum, maximum, or median.

[0413] Statistical values ​​such as the average, minimum, maximum, or median height of the partitions used for availability determination may be used in at least one of LOS / NLOS determination or misjudgment prediction. For example, the section in which LOS / NLOS determination or misjudgment is calculated may be limited by comparing the height of partitions on a path with the path itself.

[0414] <4.6 Sixth Possibility Prediction Method> After dividing the map into arbitrary sections, the possibility of an increase in the permissible transmission power of the transmitter Tx or the possibility of harmful interference occurring to the receiver Rx may be predicted using land use information of the section where the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx is located.

[0415] Regarding land use information, for example, in the United States, the USGS's National Land Cover Data (NLCD) and NOAA High Resolution Land Cover are available. Each of these land use data sets indicates a land use code for each parcel based on a predetermined code definition.

[0416] For example, in the case of USGS NLCD, if the land use code of the area where the transmitter Tx or receiver Rx is located is in the range of 21 to 24, then that area is considered an urban area with a relatively large number of buildings, and therefore the area of ​​either the transmitter or receiver is likely to be shielded by buildings. In this case, it can be assumed that there is a high probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will increase, or that there is a low probability that harmful interference will occur to the receiver Rx. Conversely, if the area has a code other than these, it can be assumed that there are few buildings. In this case, it can be assumed that there is a low probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will increase, or that there is a high probability that harmful interference will occur to the receiver Rx.

[0417] Alternatively, the system can determine the land use codes for the area around the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx, as well as all land use codes that the path passes through. If even one of these codes is for an area with many buildings, such as an urban area, it can be determined that there is a high probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will increase, or that there is a low probability that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur. Alternatively, it can be determined that there is a high probability that the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx will increase, or that there is a low probability that harmful interference to the receiver Rx will occur, only if both the area around the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx is an area with many buildings, or if all the areas that the path passes through are areas with many buildings. The system can also determine which codes indicate an area with many buildings, depending on the type of land use data and the land use represented by the actual code, or it may be predetermined by law or standards.

[0418] Alternatively, the average clutter height and average distance to clutter in the area may be determined based on land use information around the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx or around the path, and used as reference values ​​for distance or height in the first or second probability prediction method, etc.

[0419] In other words, the height at which the transmitter Tx is positioned, the height at which the receiver Rx is positioned, the difference in height between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx, or the distance from the transmitter Tx to the receiver Rx may be compared with a threshold based on the average clutter height or the average distance to the clutter.

[0420] The above method can be applied to, for example, ITU-P.452, which is a propagation model. In ITU-P.452, in TABLE 4, the clutter height and the average distance to the clutter are determined for each land use category. Therefore, by appropriately mapping the code of arbitrary land use data to this land use category, the average clutter height and the average distance to the clutter in that section can be determined. When there are multiple sections around the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx or through which the path passes, for example, the average value, minimum value, maximum value, or median value of the average clutter height and the average distance to the clutter may be used. Alternatively, the code of the section that can be determined to have the most buildings may be used.

[0421] The information on the land use code and clutter used for the availability determination may be used for at least one of the LOS / NLOS determination or the prediction of determination errors. For example, the LOS / NLOS determination may be performed based on the amount of buildings and the average clutter that can be determined from the land use code of the section on the path. Also, the section for calculating the determination error may be limited based on the amount of buildings and the average clutter that can be determined from the land use code of the section on the path.

[0422] Any one or a plurality of the above first to sixth possibility prediction methods may be combined to predict the possibility of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx or the possibility of generating harmful interference to the receiver Rx.

[0423] As described above, the information processing system 1 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure predicts whether there is a high possibility of improving the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx by using the NLOS propagation loss calculation formula before performing the LOS / NLOS determination. Alternatively, it predicts whether there is a high possibility of generating harmful interference to the receiver Rx by using a propagation loss calculation formula that does not perform the LOS / NLOS determination. When the possibility of improving the allowable transmission power or the possibility of generating harmful interference is low, the information processing system 1 can suppress the calculation amount by using the propagation loss calculation that does not perform the LOS / NLOS determination.

[0424] As described above, the information processing system 1 can determine whether LOS / NLOS determination is effective based on the probability prediction described above, and can perform the computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination, while suppressing the computational load in other cases. This allows the information processing system 1 to more effectively achieve both frequency utilization efficiency and prevention of radio interference to the protected entity.

[0425] <5. Modified Examples> In step S13 of Figure 23A, or in step S16 of Figure 23B, the LOS / NLOS determination may be performed in multiple stages.

[0426] In other words, LOS / NLOS determination can be performed using a computationally intensive method, and then LOS / NLOS determination can be performed using a more computationally intensive method for the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx paths that have been determined to be NLOS or LOS. In this method, the computationally intensive method extracts paths that have been determined to be NLOS, which are likely to improve the allowable transmission power of the transmitter Tx, or paths that have been determined to be LOS, which are likely to cause harmful interference to the receiver Rx, and then the computationally intensive method can be used to perform a more accurate LOS / NLOS determination. This makes it possible to achieve both reduced computational complexity and high accuracy in LOS / NLOS determination.

[0427] An example of a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method is the LOS / NLOS determination used in ITU-P.452 to determine the profile of terrain changes between the transmitter Tx and the receiver Rx. An example of a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method is collision detection used in ray tracing.

[0428] As described above, after extracting NLOS or LOS paths using the ITU-P.452 LOS / NLOS determination method, further LOS / NLOS determination may be performed on the extracted paths using collision detection methods employed in ray tracing.

[0429] Furthermore, for LOS / NLOS determination methods with low computational complexity, the determination error prediction according to the first embodiment of this disclosure may be omitted, while for LOS / NLOS determination methods with high computational complexity, determination error prediction may be performed.

[0430] In addition to the above, in the possibility prediction according to the second embodiment of this disclosure, that is, in step S12 of Figures 23A and 23B, a relatively computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method may be used from among several types of LOS / NLOS determination methods.

[0431] Alternatively, in step S1, as shown in Figure 16A, a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method may be used. Furthermore, if the prediction of determination errors in step S6a, etc., determines that the probability of a determination error is low, a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method may be used to perform LOS / NLOS determination with higher accuracy.

[0432] Alternatively, in predicting judgment errors in steps such as S6a in Figure 16A, a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method may be used. For example, a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method performed in step S1 may be compared with a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method performed in step S6a, etc. If the results do not match, it may be determined that a judgment error is likely to occur. Furthermore, a configuration in which a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method is used in step S1 and a computationally intensive LOS / NLOS determination method is used in step S6a, etc.

[0433] Furthermore, this technology can take the following configurations: (1) A communication control device comprising a processing unit that performs a first determination to determine whether the path between the communication device and the protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves and information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference, and a second determination to determine whether the first determination is likely to result in a determination error based on information regarding buildings located in the geographical environment between the communication device and the protected device. (2) The communication control device according to (1) or (42), wherein the processing unit determines in the first determination that the path is either LOS or NLOS, and determines in the second determination that the path is likely to result in a determination error, then performs a third determination to determine that the path is either LOS or NLOS. (3) The communication control device according to (2), wherein the processing unit calculates the propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on the determination result of the first determination or the third determination. (4) The communication control device according to (3), wherein the processing unit calculates the propagation loss based on the result of the first determination or the third determination, using either a first propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to LOS or a second propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to NLOS. (5) The communication control device according to (2), wherein if the processing unit determines that a determination error is likely to occur in the second determination, it calculates the propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on at least one of the probability that the path is LOS or the probability that the path is NLOS. (6) The communication control device according to any one of (1) to (5) or (42), wherein the processing unit extracts buildings that obstruct the path and performs the second determination based on the extracted buildings. (7) The communication control device according to any one of (1) to (6) or (42), wherein the processing unit extracts buildings that do not obstruct the path and are located within a predetermined range from the path and performs the second determination based on the extracted buildings.(8) The communication control device according to (6) or (7), wherein the processing unit, in the second determination, selects a plurality of buildings from the extracted buildings and determines for each of the selected plurality of buildings whether or not a determination error in whether or not the path is obstructed is likely to occur. (9) The communication control device according to (8), wherein the processing unit determines in the second determination that a determination error is likely to occur if a determination error in whether or not the path is obstructed is likely to occur for all of the extracted buildings. (10) The communication control device according to (8), wherein the processing unit determines in the second determination that a determination error is likely to occur if one or more of the extracted buildings are likely to obstruct the path. (11) The communication control device according to any one of (1) to (10) or (42), wherein the processing unit determines, based on the path and the two-dimensional outline of the building, whether or not a building is likely to obstruct the path. (12) The communication control device according to (11), wherein the processing unit determines whether an error in determining whether the building obstructs the path is likely to occur, based on the path and at least one of the footprint of the building or a cross section of the building through which the path passes. (13) The communication control device according to any one of (1) to (10) or (42), wherein the processing unit determines whether an error in determining whether the building obstructs the path is likely to occur, based on the path and the three-dimensional shape of the building. (14) The communication control device according to (13), wherein the processing unit extracts a plurality of cross sections of the building including the path and determines whether an error in determining whether the building obstructs the path is likely to occur for each extracted cross section.(15) The first determination includes at least one of the following determinations: determining that the path is not obstructed by the building if the building is at least a first distance away from the Fresnel zone located between the communication device and the device to be protected; or determining that the path is obstructed by the building if the building is at least a second distance into the Fresnel zone; and the second determination is a fourth determination which determines that it is likely to be incorrect to determine that the path is not obstructed by the building if the building is at least a first distance away from the Fresnel zone but not at least a third distance greater than the first distance, or if the building is at least a second distance into the Fresnel zone but not at least a fourth distance less than the second distance. A communication control device according to any one of the following determinations: if the building is not more than the first distance from the Fresnel zone, but is more than a fifth distance less than the first distance, or if the building has entered the Fresnel zone by more than the second distance, but has not entered by more than a sixth distance greater than the second distance, the path is likely to be blocked by the building, and a sixth determination is made, which determines that the path is likely to be blocked by the building. (16) A communication control device according to any one of the following: if the data accuracy of a predetermined number of buildings among the extracted buildings does not exceed a threshold, the processing unit determines that the second determination is likely to be incorrect. (17) A communication control device according to the following: the data accuracy of the building includes the LOD (Level of Details) of the building. (18) The communication control device according to (1) or (42), wherein the processing unit determines whether or not it is LOS or NLOS by a calculation with higher accuracy than the first determination when it is determined that a determination error is likely to occur in the second determination.(19) A communication control method comprising: (19) A first determination to determine whether the path between the communication device and the protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves and information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference; and a second determination to determine whether the first determination is prone to errors based on information regarding buildings located in the geographical environment between the communication device and the protected device. (20) A communication control system comprising: a communication device that transmits a signal; and a processing device that makes a first determination to determine at least one of whether the path between the communication device and other communication devices is shielded or not; and makes a second determination to determine whether the first determination is prone to errors based on information regarding buildings located in the geographical environment between the communication device and the protected device. (21) A communication control device comprising: a determination unit that determines whether the path between the communication device and the protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves, information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference, and information regarding buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device; an evaluation unit that evaluates the likelihood that the determination unit will determine the path to be LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of the communication device, information regarding the location of the protected device, and information regarding buildings; and a control unit that selectively performs either the determination of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit based on the likelihood that the path will be determined to be LOS or NLOS, or the determination unit will perform the determination and the control unit will calculate the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination. (22) The communication control device according to (21) or (41), wherein the control unit calculates the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit if the likelihood of it being determined to be NLOS is low, and performs a determination by the determination unit and calculates the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination if the likelihood of it being determined to be NLOS is high.(23) The communication control device according to (21), (22), or (41), wherein the control unit calculates the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit if the likelihood of determining that it is LOS is low, and performs a determination by the determination unit and calculates the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination if the likelihood of determining that it is LOS is high. (24) The communication control device according to (22) or (23), wherein when the determination unit performs a determination, the control unit calculates the first propagation loss using either the first propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to LOS or the second propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to NLOS, and calculates the allowable transmission power based on the first propagation loss. (25) The control unit, if the determination unit does not make a determination, calculates a second propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on at least one of a first probability that the path is LOS or a second probability that the path is NLOS, and calculates the allowable transmission power based on the second propagation loss, the communication control device according to any one of (22) to (24). (26) The evaluation unit evaluates the likelihood of the probability based on at least one of the height at which the communication device is positioned as viewed from a reference plane, or the height at which the protected device is positioned as viewed from the reference plane, the communication control device according to any one of (22) to (25). (27) The communication control device according to any one of (22) to (25), wherein the evaluation unit evaluates the likelihood of the event based on at least one of the following: the height at which the communication device is positioned as viewed from a reference plane, the height at which the device to be protected is positioned as viewed from the reference plane, the difference in height between the communication device and the device to be protected, the distance from the communication device to the device to be protected, or the inclination of the path as viewed from the reference plane. (28) The communication control device according to any one of (22) to (25), wherein the evaluation unit determines a threshold value corresponding to the distance from the communication device to the device to be protected, and evaluates the likelihood of the event based on at least one of the following: the height at which the communication device is positioned, the height at which the device to be protected is positioned, or the difference in height between the communication device and the device to be protected, and the threshold value.(29) The communication control device according to (25), wherein the evaluation unit evaluates the likelihood of the event based on at least one of the first probability or the second probability. (30) The communication control device according to any one of (22) to (25), wherein the evaluation unit extracts one or more buildings included in a predetermined range and evaluates the likelihood of the event based on the extracted one or more buildings. (31) The communication control device according to (30), wherein the predetermined range includes a concentric range with the location of the communication device or the protected device substantially at its center. (32) The communication control device according to (30), wherein the predetermined range includes one or more sections in which one or more buildings are located, in which at least one of the communication device or the protected device is located, or through which the path passes. (33) The communication control device according to any one of (30) to (32), wherein the evaluation unit evaluates the likelihood by comparing at least one of the height at which the communication device is located, the height at which the protected device is located, or the height of the path with the height of one or more extracted buildings. (34) The communication control device according to any one of (30) to (33), wherein the evaluation unit evaluates the likelihood based on at least one of the variance, mean, median, minimum, or maximum of the height of one or more extracted buildings. (35) The communication control device according to (31), wherein the evaluation unit evaluates the likelihood based on at least one of the variance, mean, median, minimum, or maximum of the height of the buildings for one or more parcels included in the predetermined range, or based on land use information for one or more parcels. (36) The communication control device according to (31), wherein the evaluation unit determines the average clutter height or the average distance to clutter for each parcel based on land use information of one or more parcels included in the predetermined range, determines a threshold based on the average clutter height or the average distance to clutter, and evaluates the likelihood of the event based on at least one of the following: the height at which the communication device is located, the height at which the protected device is located, or the difference in height between the communication device and the protected device, or the distance from the communication device to the protected device, and the threshold.(37) The communication control device according to any one of (22) to (25), wherein the evaluation unit evaluates the likelihood of the above based on the number or height of buildings that the path passes through. (38) The communication control device according to any one of (21) to (25) or (41), wherein the evaluation unit determines whether the path is LOS or NLOS by calculation with lower precision than the determination unit, and the control unit determines whether or not to have the determination unit make a determination as to whether the path is LOS or NLOS based on the determination result of the evaluation unit. (39) A communication control method for determining whether a path between a communication device and a protected device is LOS or NLOS, based on information relating to the location of a communication device that emits radio waves, information relating to the location of a device to be protected from radio interference, and information relating to buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device, wherein the method evaluates the likelihood that the path will be determined to be LOS or NLOS based on the information relating to the location of the communication device, the information relating to the location of the protected device, and the information relating to the buildings, and selectively performs either calculating the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing the determination based on the likelihood that the path will be determined to be LOS or NLOS, or performing the determination and calculating the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination.(40) A communication control system comprising: a communication device that transmits a signal; a determination unit that determines whether the path between the communication device and the protected device is LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of the communication device, information regarding the location of the device to be protected from radio interference, and information regarding buildings located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the protected device; an evaluation unit that evaluates the likelihood that the determination unit will determine the path to be LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of the communication device, information regarding the location of the protected device, and information regarding buildings; and a control unit that selectively performs either the determination of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit based on the likelihood that the path will be determined to be LOS or NLOS, or the determination unit will perform the determination and the control unit will calculate the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination. (41) The communication control device according to any one of (1) to (18), wherein the processing unit comprises: a determination unit that performs the first determination; an evaluation unit that evaluates the likelihood that the determination unit will determine the path to be LOS or NLOS based on information regarding the location of the communication device, information regarding the location of the device to be protected, and information regarding the building; and a control unit that selectively performs either calculating the allowable transmission power of the communication device without performing a determination by the determination unit, or performing the determination by the determination unit and calculating the allowable transmission power of the communication device based on the result of the determination. (42) The communication control device according to any one of (21) to (38), further comprising: a processing unit that performs a second determination that determines whether or not a determination error is likely to occur in the first determination of the determination unit that determines whether the path is LOS or NLOS, based on information regarding the building located in the geographic environment between the communication device and the device to be protected.

[0434] The aspects of this disclosure are not limited to the individual embodiments described above, but include various modifications that a person skilled in the art could conceive, and the effects of this disclosure are not limited to those described above. In other words, various additions, modifications, and partial deletions are possible, as long as they do not depart from the conceptual idea and spirit of this disclosure derived from the claims and their equivalents.

[0435] 1, 1a Information processing system, 2 Frequency management device, 2a LOS / NLOS determination unit, 2b Judgment error prediction unit, 2c Probability prediction unit, 2d Control unit, 3 Information recording device, 4, 4a, 4b Communication device, 5 Intermediate device

Claims

Based on information regarding the location of a communication device that emits radio waves and information regarding the location of a device to be protected from radio interference, a first determination is made to determine whether the path between the communication device and the device to be protected is a Line of Sight (LOS) or a Non-Line of Sight (NLOS). The system includes a processing unit that performs a second determination to determine whether or not the first determination is likely to result in a determination error, based on information about buildings located in the geographical environment between the communication device and the device to be protected. Communication control device. 　 If the processing unit determines in the first determination that the path is either LOS or NLOS, and determines in the second determination that a determination error is likely to occur, it performs a third determination to determine that the path is either LOS or NLOS. The communication control device according to claim 1. 　 The processing unit calculates the propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on the determination result of the first determination or the third determination. The communication control device according to claim 2. The processing unit calculates the propagation loss based on the determination result of the first determination or the third determination, using either the first propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to LOS or the second propagation loss calculation formula corresponding to NLOS. The communication control device according to claim 3. 　 If the processing unit determines that a judgment error is likely to occur in the second determination, it calculates the propagation loss of the signal transmitted by the communication device in the path based on at least one of the probability that the path is LOS or the probability that the path is NLOS. The communication control device according to claim 2. 　 The processing unit extracts buildings that obstruct the path and performs the second determination based on the extracted buildings. The communication control device according to claim 1. 　 The processing unit extracts buildings that do not obstruct the path and are located within a predetermined range from the path, and performs the second determination based on the extracted buildings. The communication control device according to claim 1. 　 In the second determination, the processing unit selects a plurality of buildings from the extracted buildings and determines whether or not an error in determining whether or not the path is obstructed is likely to occur for each of the selected plurality of buildings. The communication control device according to claim 6. 　 The processing unit, if it is likely that errors will occur in determining whether or not the path is obstructed by all of the extracted buildings, In the second judgment described above, it is determined that a judgment error is likely to occur. The communication control device according to claim 8. 　 If the processing unit determines that one or more of the extracted buildings are prone to errors in determining whether or not they obstruct the path, In the second judgment described above, it is determined that a judgment error is likely to occur. The communication control device according to claim 8. 　 The processing unit determines, based on the path and the two-dimensional outline of the building, whether or not an error in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path is likely to occur. The communication control device according to claim 1. 　 The processing unit determines, based on the path and at least one of the footprint of the building or the cross-section of the building through which the path passes, whether or not an error in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path is likely to occur. The communication control device according to claim 11. 　 The processing unit determines, based on the path and the three-dimensional shape of the building, whether or not an error in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path is likely to occur. The communication control device according to claim 1. 　 The processing unit extracts a plurality of cross-sections of the building that include the path, and for each extracted cross-section, it determines whether an error is likely to occur in determining whether or not the building obstructs the path. The communication control device according to claim 13. 　 The first determination includes at least one of the following determinations: determining that the path is not obstructed by the building if the building is at least a first distance away from the Fresnel zone located between the communication device and the device to be protected; or determining that the path is obstructed by the building if the building is at least a second distance into the Fresnel zone. The second determination is a fourth determination that determines that if the path is not obstructed by the building, the determination is likely to be incorrect if the building is not obstructed by the building, or if the building is not encroaching on the Fresnel zone by a distance greater than the first distance but not by a distance greater than the second distance but is encroaching by a distance greater than the second distance. The determination includes at least one of the following: if the building is not more than the first distance from the Fresnel zone, but is more than a fifth distance less than the first distance, or if the building intrudes more than the second distance from the Fresnel zone, but is not more than a sixth distance greater than the second distance, the determination includes a sixth determination that the path is likely to be misjudged if it is obstructed by the building. The communication control device according to claim 1. 　 The processing unit determines that if the data accuracy of a predetermined number of buildings among the extracted buildings does not exceed a threshold, then the second determination is likely to result in a judgment error. The communication control device according to claim 6. 　 The data accuracy of the aforementioned building includes the LOD (Level of Details) of the aforementioned building. The communication control device according to claim 16. 　 If the processing unit determines that a judgment error is likely to occur in the second determination, A more accurate calculation than the first determination above is used to determine whether it is LOS or NLOS. The communication control device according to claim 1. 　 Based on information regarding the location of the communication device emitting radio waves and information regarding the location of the device to be protected from radio interference, a first determination is made to determine whether the path between the communication device and the device to be protected is LOS or NLOS, Based on information about buildings located in the geographical environment between the communication device and the device to be protected, a second determination is made to determine whether or not the first determination is likely to result in a determination error. Communication control method. 　 A communication device that transmits signals, A first determination is made to determine whether or not the path between the aforementioned communication device and other communication devices is shielded, or whether or not it is not shielded. The system includes a processing device that performs a second determination of whether or not the first determination is likely to result in a determination error, based on information about buildings located in the geographical environment between the communication device and the device to be protected. Communication control system.

Images