Electromechanical converter

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromechanical converter (1) comprising a gas compression chamber (2) and a gas expansion chamber (3), wherein the compression chamber (2) and the expansion chamber (3) are connected to one another by a circulation circuit (4) for the circulation of a liquid (5) forming a piston capable of modifying the gas-receiving volume of the compression and expansion chambers, characterized in that at least one of the compression and expansion chambers accommodates a float (6) capable of being displaced by movement of the liquid (5) in the circulation circuit (4), and in that it comprises a linear electric generator (7) comprising a movable part (71) mounted on the float (6) and a stationary part (72) comprising an arrangement of coils (721) mounted on and / or in a wall of the chamber accommodating the float (6), the movable part (71) being arranged so as to cooperate magnetically with the stationary part (72) such that displacement of the float (6) induces an electric current in the arrangement of coils (721).

Description

Description Title of the invention: Electromechanical converter

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of energy production devices, more particularly electrical energy production devices, especially electromechanical converters.

[0002] Currently, energy production technologies, particularly electrical energy production, are dominated by thermal energy production, offering controlled, stable and reliable operation and electrical energy production, but presenting significant environmental, health and long-term stock management risks.

[0003] An alternative to these methods of producing electrical energy has emerged recently: so-called renewable energies such as wind energy or solar energy.

[0004] These technologies make it possible to solve the aforementioned problems, but they have the disadvantages of low energy density, as well as intermittent energy production, because it depends on uncontrollable elements, such as the weather.

[0005] Moreover, despite their low ecological impact, these technologies do not address the problem of so-called "fatal" energy, namely energy considered lost because it is not used when it is available, including heat produced during industrial processes or surplus renewable electricity produced that cannot be stored.

[0006] Thus, in order to capture and use this waste energy to optimize energy production without increasing environmental and health risks, new types of electricity production systems are being brought up to date, such as hot air engines, Ericsson engines, equipped with liquid pistons or expansion machines with liquid pistons.

[0007] Due to the great difficulties and complexities of implementing Ericsson engines equipped with liquid pistons, these are not deployed industrially and are not part of our daily lives.

[0008] Indeed, hot air engines with liquid pistons, or expansion valves with liquid pistons, cannot reach high frequencies. This implies relatively low piston speeds. However, the power produced by hot air engines or expansion valves with liquid pistons depends on the piston's speed within the cylinder, which is insufficient to produce significant power.

[0009] Furthermore, the cylinders of an expansion valve or compressor form a pressurized enclosure, requiring a pressure-resistant structure. When converting mechanical energy into electrical energy via a linear alternator, the wall thickness represents a significant air gap and consequently reduces energy production efficiency.

[0010] The invention therefore falls within this context and seeks to meet all of the aforementioned needs while resolving all of the aforementioned drawbacks.

[0011] Thus, the invention seeks to propose the design of a reliable, functional and easy-to-implement electromechanical converter.

[0012] Presentation of the invention.

[0013] To this end, an electromechanical converter has been developed comprising a gas compression chamber, a gas expansion chamber, in which the compression chamber and the expansion chamber are connected to each other by a circulation circuit of a liquid forming a piston capable of modulating the gas reception volume of the compression and expansion chambers.

[0014] According to the invention, at least one of the compression and expansion chambers receives a float capable of being moved by a movement of the liquid in the circulation circuit and said electromechanical converter includes a linear electric generator comprising a moving part mounted on the float and a static part comprising an arrangement of coils mounted on and / or in a wall of the chamber receiving the float, the moving part being arranged to cooperate magnetically with the static part so that the movement of the float induces an electric current in the arrangement of coils.

[0015] It is understood, according to the invention, that the moving part of the linear electric generator, the lineator, moves in the circulation circuit and passes in the vicinity of the static part of said linear electric generator, which causes a generation of electrical energy.

[0016] Indeed, the compression and expansion of a gas in the respective chambers of the electromechanical converter according to the invention causes the movement of the liquid in the circulation circuit, the liquid on which is mounted a float comprising the moving part of the linear electric generator consequently inducing a back and forth of said moving part via the float in the vicinity of the static part.

[0017] More specifically, the lineator converts the linear motion of the piston into electrical energy using static coils in the chamber that receives the float. The lineator / stator system also allows for efficient, continuous control of the piston's movement, thus ensuring efficient engine operation. The system ensures that the piston's movement is correctly synchronized. with the other engine components, thus contributing to its efficiency and performance.

[0018] In the invention, the liquid circulation circuit is a closed circuit and thus forms a communicating vessel between the compression and expansion chambers.

[0019] In the invention, the float comprises a density lower than the density of the liquid present in the circulation circuit, which makes it possible to obtain a float equipped with magnets or coils that can float on the liquid in the circulation circuit and makes it possible to create electrical energy when passing through the static part of the linear electric generator.

[0020] In one particular embodiment, the expansion and compression chambers of the electromechanical converter are in the form of a column.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the compression chamber, the expansion chamber and the fluid circulation circuit together have a U-shape.

[0022] More specifically, the expansion and compression chambers each form a branch of the U-shape, and the circulation circuit forms the base of the U-shape in order to connect the two expansion and compression chambers.

[0023] Preferably, the outer section of the float is substantially the same as the inner section of the chamber intended to receive the float.

[0024] In another embodiment, the electromechanical converter includes a clearance between the moving part and the chamber receiving the float; this clearance can take various forms. In other words, the cross-section of the chamber receiving the float and the float itself can be square, rectangular, or annular.

[0025] Preferably, the electromechanical converter includes an annular gap between the moving part and the chamber receiving the float.

[0026] It is understood that the presence of play, and preferably annular play, between the moving part and the chamber allows the float to be lubricated against the inner wall of the chamber. Furthermore, having annular play allows the walls and the float to cool down, thus approaching isothermal compression as closely as possible.

[0027] In a particular embodiment, the moving part includes at least one magnet, preferably a neodymium magnet.

[0028] In this latter embodiment, the magnet is mounted and / or encapsulated in the float, so as to form the moving part of the linear electric generator.

[0029] In another embodiment, the moving part includes at least one coil mounted on the float. Thus, just like the stationary part, the moving part includes at least one coil, so as to form an asynchronous motor without a permanent magnet. More precisely, the moving part forms the "rotor" of the asynchronous motor and is arranged "inside" the stator formed by the static part of the linear electric generator.

[0030] Advantageously, the float and the moving part are arranged in the compression chamber.

[0031] In another embodiment, the float and the moving part are arranged in the expansion chamber.

[0032] In a particular embodiment, the float and the moving part are arranged in the compression chamber and in the expansion chamber.

[0033] In yet another embodiment, the electromechanical converter includes at least two floats and at least two static parts, such that the floats and the moving parts are arranged in the compression chamber and in the expansion chamber.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the compression chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a gas discharge outlet, the expansion chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a gas discharge outlet, and the discharge outlet of the compression chamber and the inlet of the expansion chamber are connected to each other by at least one heater receiving heat from an external source.

[0035] In a particular embodiment, the electromechanical converter includes a cooled heat exchanger.

[0036] Preferably, said cooler exchanger is connected to the inlet of the compression chamber and to the outlet of the expansion chamber.

[0037] The external heat source can be in the form of fossil fuel combustion, solar energy, or even waste energy in the form of thermal effluents.

[0038] Thus, the electromechanical converter can take the form of an Ericsson engine including, in addition, at least one valve control system or fluid control devices allowing control of the fluid flow between the different parts of the engine, ensuring an efficient sequence of compression, heating, expansion and cooling stages in order to induce piston movement and consequently the production of electrical energy.

[0039] In a particular embodiment, the Ericsson motor includes at least one safety valve to protect the motor from overpressures, and at least sensors and controllers to regulate temperatures, pressures and working fluid flows.

[0040] In another embodiment, the electromechanical converter is in the form of an expansion machine and includes at least one expansion chamber, at at least one movable piston inside the expansion chamber which is moved by the pressure of the expanding fluid, at least one intake and exhaust valve.

[0041] Advantageously, the electromechanical converter is free of any type of seal at the float or piston section. Indeed, the seal is ensured by the liquid piston because it conforms to the space between the float and the internal surface of the cylinder, thus preventing leakage of the working fluid.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the chamber receiving the float is substantially smaller than the cross-section of the other chamber.

[0043] It is thus understood that reducing the cross-section of the chamber receiving the float allows the speed of movement of the moving part and therefore of the lineator to increase, and consequently this allows the electrical power generated to increase, all while reducing the weight of the float, making it easier to float.

[0044] Therefore, increasing the speed of the lineator makes it possible to reduce the weight of the float and thus to use a smaller mass of materials composing the float, reducing the production cost of said float.

[0045] Thus, we also understand that reducing the cross-section of the chamber receiving the float reduces the surface area of ​​the liquid in the circulation circuit between the float and the walls of the chamber receiving the float.

[0046] Preferably, the horizontal cross-section of the circulation circuit is substantially identical to the cross-section of the expansion chamber.

[0047] Advantageously, having a cross-section of the circulation circuit that is substantially identical to the cross-section of the other chamber helps to limit pressure losses and increase the mass of the liquid in the circulation circuit.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the chamber receiving the float is at least twice as small as the cross-section of the other chamber.

[0049] In a particular embodiment, the moving part comprises a plurality of magnets mounted on the float in a Halbach array, such that their magnetic field is oriented radially outwards from the float.

[0050] Thus, we understand that the magnetic field of the plurality of magnets mounted on the float is oriented outwards from the float towards the static part of the linear electric generator.

[0051] Therefore, the magnetic field is amplified outwards and attenuated inwards in the circulation circuit, resulting in optimized electricity production in the electromechanical converter by concentrating the magnetic field towards the coils of the static part.

[0052] In one particular embodiment, the plurality of magnets mounted on the float is arranged so that the magnet assembly has a hollow shape, preferably a hollow cylinder.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the magnet is mounted on a part of the float intended to be immersed in the liquid.

[0054] Advantageously, the fact that the magnet is immersed in the liquid helps to keep the magnet at a low temperature in order to prevent the magnet from reaching its Curie temperature, which causes demagnetization of the magnets.

[0055] In one particular embodiment, the coils are mounted at the level of an inner wall of the chamber receiving the float.

[0056] It is thus understood that the position of the coils in an inner wall of the chamber receiving the float makes it possible to reduce the air gap and consequently to improve the production of electrical energy.

[0057] Advantageously, the chamber receiving the float includes a polymer coating covering the coils.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid comprises a solvent.

[0059] It is therefore understandable that the presence of a solvent modifies the surface tension of the liquid in the circulation circuit, thus preventing the float from being retained by interaction with the walls and consequently detaching from the liquid surface. Indeed, the addition of a solvent reduces this effect due to the liquid's surface tension and allows the float to remain on the liquid's surface, thereby facilitating its buoyancy.

[0060] Such a phenomenon of float detachment must be avoided in order to reduce losses in electrical energy production.

[0061] Indeed, the float, subjected to frequent movement, can detach from the surface of the liquid, acting like a piston in the circulation circuit, particularly when the movement frequency is too high. This detachment has negative consequences on the efficiency of electrical energy production.

[0062] In a particular embodiment, the liquid in the circulation circuit comprises at least 90% by weight of water and at least 0.1% by weight of solvent.

[0063] In another embodiment, the float includes on its surface facing the circulating circuit liquid a hydrophobic coating, so as to prevent liquid from remaining stuck on this surface which could lead to a decrease in the efficiency of electrical energy production.

[0064] In a particular embodiment, the float includes a rod immersed in the liquid and provided at its end with a braking element.

[0065] Similarly, the presence of a rod immersed in the liquid, equipped with a braking device at its end, prevents the float from lifting off the surface of the liquid in the circulation circuit.

[0066] In the same way as for the surface tension of the fluid in the circulation circuit by the addition of solvent, the float braking device allows better control of the float's flotation on said fluid and consequently the production of electrical energy.

[0067] In a particular embodiment, the braking element is in the form of a washer, which allows a volume of liquid carried by the float by the washer to be defined in order to brake the float and prevent the float from lifting off.

[0068] In another embodiment, the float includes a cavity oriented towards the liquid circulation circuit.

[0069] It is thus understood that the cavity creates a suction volume in the lower part of the float, namely the part oriented towards the liquid circulation circuit. Consequently, this suction volume acts as an elastic, or "gaseous," return element, pulling the float towards the liquid and thus slowing its movement.

[0070] Preferably, the electromechanical converter includes an electric current source capable of circulating an electric current in the coil arrangement and a control unit arranged to control said electric current according to an instruction received by the control unit.

[0071] Thus, it is understood that during the operation of the electromechanical converter, an instruction can be given to the control unit, in particular a start function in order to initiate a compression of a gas contained in the compression chamber, or depending on the position of the moving part of the float the control unit can, following an instruction, brake the float to the dead points or also depending on the temperature of the external heat source.

[0072] It is therefore understandable that the control unit can determine the position of the float or the moving part of the linear electric generator. Indeed, the electromechanical converter includes encoders or uses the electrical signal from the coils to know, in real time, the position(s) of the magnets and / or coils of the linearizer, which allows it to encode the position of the moving part. Thus, by monitoring the position of the moving part in real time, the control unit can control the load applied to the moving part or even derive other instructions from it.

[0073] The control unit can, for example, prime the electromechanical converter based on a start instruction to initiate compression of a gas contained in the compression chamber, or brake or accelerate the piston depending on its position in the chamber, particularly when it is at the points dead, or even modulating the piston speed according to the temperature of the external heat source.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, an electrical resistance, called a variable electrical load, is applied to the coils by the control unit, which allows control of the force applied to the lineator.

[0075] In one particular embodiment, the coils include a variable load along their arrangement.

[0076] The invention also relates to a waste energy recovery system comprising at least one electromechanical converter according to the invention, at least one external heat source and at least one circulation system comprising thermally insulated ducts equipped with control valves.

[0077] In a particular embodiment, the recovery system includes at least one regenerator, which allows residual energy from the expansion chamber exhaust to the inlet of the heater to be transferred, resulting in an efficiency gain because part of the thermal effluents specific to the Ericsson cycle is reinjected into the heating circuit.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the recovery system includes at least one control unit to regulate and automate the valves based on sensor data to optimize the conversion of heat into electrical energy.

[0079] Other advantages and features of the present invention are now described by means of purely illustrative and in no way limiting examples of the scope of the invention, and from the accompanying drawings, in which the various figures represent:

[0080] [Fig.1] is a schematic representation of the electromechanical converter according to the invention, in a particular embodiment in which the circuit is closed.

[0081] [Fig.2] is a schematic representation of the electromechanical converter according to a particular embodiment, in which the cross-section of the compression chamber is less than the cross-section of the circulation circuit and the cross-section of the expansion chamber.

[0082] [Fig.3] is a schematic representation of the electromechanical converter according to a particular embodiment, in which the electromechanical converter includes a regenerator and is in the form of a closed circuit.

[0083] [Fig.4] is a schematic representation of the electromechanical converter according to a particular embodiment, in which the electromechanical converter includes a regenerator and is in the form of an open circuit.

[0084] [Fig.5] is a schematic representation of the electromechanical converter according to a particular embodiment, in which the electromechanical converter is in the form of an open circuit.

[0085] [Fig.6] is a schematic representation of the electromechanical converter according to a particular embodiment in which the expansion chamber is closed and in which the air behaves like a gaseous spring under the effect of the compression / expansion of the circuit.

[0086] [Fig.7] is a schematic representation of the float including the moving part of the linear electric generator.

[0087] [Fig.8] is a schematic representation of the float including the moving part of the linear electric generator, the assembly of magnets are arranged to form a Halbach lattice.

[0088] [Fig.9] is a schematic representation of the compression chamber according to a particular embodiment, in which the coils are arranged in the walls of the compression chamber, said walls comprising a polymer coating covering the coils.

[0089] For the sake of simplicity and clarity of illustration, the elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. Therefore, the dimensions and relative proportions of certain elements may be exaggerated or reduced.

[0090] In the description that follows, identical elements, by structure or by function, appearing on different figures retain, unless otherwise specified, the same references.

[0091] It should be noted that in these figures the structural and / or functional elements common to the different variants may have the same references.

[0092] Of course, various other modifications can be made to the invention within the scope of the attached claims.

[0093] With reference to [Fig.1], the invention relates to an electromechanical converter 1 comprising a gas compression chamber 2, a gas expansion chamber 3, in which the compression chamber 2 and the expansion chamber 3 are connected to each other by a circulation circuit 4 of a liquid 5 forming a piston capable of modulating the gas receiving volume of the compression chambers 2 and expansion chamber 3.

[0094] The compression chamber 2 is intended to receive a float 6 capable of being moved by a movement of the liquid 5 in the circulation circuit 4, the movement being induced by the different phases of compression and expansion of the gas included in the expansion chamber 3 and compression chamber 2.

[0095] In order to generate current efficiently and reliably, the electromechanical converter 1 comprises a linear electrical generator 7 including a moving part 71 mounted on the float 6 and a static part 72 including an arrangement of coils 721 mounted on a wall 21 of the compression chamber 2, the moving part 71 being arranged to cooperate magnetically with the part static 72 so that the movement of the float 6 induces an electric current in the coil arrangement 721.

[0096] In order to optimize the movement of the liquid 5 and consequently that of the float 6, the circulation circuit 4 of the liquid 5 forms a communicating vessel between the compression chambers 2 and expansion chambers 3, said circulation circuit 4 being closed.

[0097] To obtain mechanical compression, the outer section of the float 6 is substantially the same as the inner section of the chamber intended to receive the float 6 and includes an annular clearance.

[0098] Whereas in order to increase the speed of movement of the float 6 and consequently of the moving part 71, but also to reduce its weight, the cross-section of the internal wall 21 of the compression chamber 2 is half the cross-section of the internal wall 31 of the expansion chamber 3, as illustrated in [Fig.2].

[0099] Thus, the production of electrical energy is improved, in particular by the fact that the speed of the moving part 71, the lineator, of the linear electric generator 7 in the compression chamber 2 is due to the reduction in the cross-section of the compression chamber 2. More precisely, the increase in the speed of the lineator is inversely proportional to the reduction in the cross-section of the compression chamber.

[0100] The expansion chamber 3, the compression chamber 2 and the circulation circuit 4 of a liquid together have a U shape, more precisely, the expansion chamber 3 and the compression chamber 2 each form a branch of the U shape and the circulation circuit 4 forms the base of the U shape in order to connect the two expansion chambers 3 and compression chamber 2.

[0101] To limit speed and energy losses, but also to increase the mass of the liquid 5 in the circulation circuit 4, the cross-section of the internal wall of the circulation circuit 4 is substantially identical to the cross-section of the internal wall 31 of the expansion chamber 3.

[0102] Similarly, and in order to improve the movement of the float 6, the liquid in the circulation circuit 4 may include a solvent, for example glycerin.

[0103] The fluid in circulation circuit 4 is therefore composed of 99.9% water by weight and 0.1% solvent by weight.

[0104] The compression chamber 2 is provided with a gas inlet 22 and a gas outlet 23, the expansion chamber 3 is also provided with a gas inlet 32 ​​and a gas outlet 33.

[0105] The discharge outlet 23 of the compression chamber 2 and the inlet 32 ​​of the expansion chamber 3 are connected to each other by at least one heater 8 receiving heat from an external source.

[0106] Furthermore, the inlet 22 of the compression chamber 2 and the discharge outlet 33 of the expansion chamber 3 are, for their part, connected to each other by a cooled exchanger 11.

[0107] [Fig.3] shows an electromechanical converter 1 similar to [Fig.1], except that said electromechanical converter 1 includes a regenerator 12. The regenerator 12 is arranged so as to receive the residual heat downstream of the heater 8 to transfer a part of said residual energy from the exhaust of the expansion chamber 33 to the exhaust of the compression chamber 23.

[0108] Thus, such a regenerator 12 allows for an increase in efficiency because part of the heat produced by the electromechanical converter 1 is reinjected into said electromechanical converter 1.

[0109] Represented in [Fig.4], the electromechanical converter 1 is this time similar to the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.3], except that the latter is no longer in a so-called closed circuit but an open circuit.

[0110] Thus, in this embodiment the compression chamber 2 is provided with an inlet 22 open to the outside, the expansion chamber 3 is also provided with a discharge outlet 33 of the gas passing through the regenerator 12 and opening to the outside.

[0111] The electromechanical converter therefore no longer includes a cooler.

[0112] Figure 5 illustrates yet another embodiment in which, this time, the electromechanical converter 1 is in an open circuit without a regenerator 12.

[0113] It is then understood that in an electromechanical converter 1 with an open circuit, the working fluid is drawn from the atmosphere, compressed, heated, and then released into the atmosphere after expansion and the extraction of mechanical energy into electrical energy production by the passage of the lineator near the coils 721.

[0114] Therefore, the working fluid is perpetually renewed and also allows for a simpler and less expensive electromechanical converter design.

[0115] With reference to [Fig.9], the compression chamber 2 receiving the float 6 includes a polymer coating covering the coils 721.

[0116] The electromechanical converter 1 includes an electric current source 9 capable of circulating an electric current in the coil arrangement 721 and a control unit 10 arranged to control said electric current according to an instruction received by the control unit 10.

[0117] The control unit 10 can, for example, following a start instruction, initiate a compression of a gas contained in the compression chamber 2.

[0118] As illustrated in [Fig.7], the float 6 comprises a plurality of neodymium magnets 711 and is encapsulated in the float 6, so as to form the moving part 71 of the linear electric generator 7.

[0119] More specifically, and as illustrated in [Fig.8], the moving part 71 comprises a plurality of magnets 711 mounted on the float 6 in a Halbach lattice, so that their magnetic field is radially oriented.

[0120] The plurality of magnets 711 is mounted on a part of the float 6 immersed in the liquid 5 of the circulation circuit 4.

[0121] Thus, the magnetic field of the plurality of magnets 711 mounted on the float 6 is oriented towards the outside of the float 6, i.e. towards the static part 72 of the linear electric generator 7.

[0122] Therefore, the magnetic field is amplified outwards and is attenuated inwards in the circulation circuit 4, which leads to an optimization of the production of electricity in the electromechanical converter 1 by concentrating the magnetic field towards the coils 721 of the static part 72.

[0123] In order to prevent the float 6 from lifting off the surface of the liquid 5 in the circulation circuit 4, the float 6 includes a rod 61 immersed in the liquid 5 and provided at its end with a braking element 62, the latter being in the form of a washer.

[0124] Furthermore, and still in order to prevent the float 6 from lifting off the surface of the liquid 5, the float 6 includes a cavity 63 oriented towards the circulation circuit 4 of the liquid 5.

[0125] The density of the float 6 is less than the density of the liquid present in the circulation circuit 4 in order to allow the float 6 to float on the liquid in the circulation circuit 4.

[0126] Finally, as illustrated in [Fig.6], the electromechanical converter 1 can be in the form of a pressure regulator and no longer a motor in a closed or open circuit.

[0127] In this embodiment, the compression chamber 2 is sealed and the expansion chamber 3 receives compressed working fluid in order to cause the movement of the liquid 5 of the circulation circuit 4 and to transform this mechanical work into electrical energy by the passage of the moving part 71 in contact with the coils 721.

[0128] In any event, the invention cannot be limited to the embodiments specifically described in this document, and extends in particular to all equivalent means and to any technically operative combination of these means.

Claims

Demands

1. Electromechanical converter (1) comprising: - A compression chamber (2) of a gas; - A gas expansion chamber (3); wherein the compression chamber (2) and the expansion chamber (3) are connected to each other by a circulation circuit (4) of a liquid (5) forming a piston capable of modulating the gas receiving volume of the compression chambers (2) and expansion chamber (3), characterized in that at least one of the compression chambers (2) and expansion chambers (3) receives a float (6) capable of being displaced by a movement of the liquid (5) in the circulation circuit (4), and in that it comprises a linear electrical generator (7) including a moving part (71) mounted on the float (6) and a static part (72) including an arrangement of coils (721) mounted on and / or in a wall (21, 31) of the chamber (2, 3) receiving the float (6), the moving part (71) being arranged to cooperate magnetically with the static part (72) so that the displacement of the float (6) induces an electric current in the arrangement of reels (721).

2. Electromechanical converter (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the float (6) and the moving part (71) are arranged in the compression chamber (2).

3. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: - The compression chamber (2) is provided with a gas inlet (22) and a gas discharge outlet (23); - The expansion chamber (3) is provided with a gas inlet (32) and a gas discharge outlet (33); In which the discharge outlet (23) of the compression chamber (2) and the inlet (32) of the expansion chamber (3) are connected to each other by at least one heater (8) receiving heat from an external source.

4. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-section of the chamber (2, 3) receiving the float (6) is substantially smaller than the cross-section of the other chamber (2,3).

5. Electromechanical converter (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the section of the chamber (2, 3) receiving the float (6) is at least twice smaller than the section of the other chamber (2, 3).

6. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moving part (71) comprises a plurality of magnets (711) mounted on the float (6) in a Halbach array, so that their magnetic field is oriented radially outwards from the float.

7. Electromechanical converter (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the plurality of magnets (711) mounted on the float (6) is arranged so that the magnet assembly (711) has a hollow shape, preferably a hollow cylinder.

8. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the magnet (711) is mounted on a part of the float (6) intended to be immersed in the liquid (5).

9. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the moving part (71) comprises at least one coil mounted on the float (6).

10. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (721) are mounted at the level of an inner wall (21, 31) of the chamber (2, 3) receiving the float (6).

11. Electromechanical converter (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the chamber (2, 3) receiving the float (6) comprises a polymer coating covering the coils (721).

12. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid (5) comprises a solvent.

13. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the float (6) comprises a rod (61) immersed in the liquid (5) and provided, at its end, with a braking element (62).

14. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the float (6) comprises a cavity (63) oriented towards the circulation circuit (4) of the liquid (5).

15. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electric current source (9) capable of circulating an electric current in the coil arrangement (721) and a control unit (10) arranged to control said electric current according to an instruction received by the control unit (10).

16. Electromechanical converter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (721) comprise a variable load along their arrangement.

17. Fatal energy recovery system comprising: At least one electromechanical converter (1) according to one of the preceding claims; At least one external heat source; and At least one circulation system comprising thermally insulated ducts fitted with control valves.

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