Systems and methods for on-robot protocol creation

Abstract

A system and method for creating transfer protocols via a display in communication with a modular robot for liquid handling. The method includes receiving confirmation that the deck configuration is arranged consistent with the transfer protocol being created, and receiving settings input from the display as entered by a user. The settings input includes user responses to displayed inquiries including selecting a pipette from available pipettes, selecting a tip rack from available tip racks, selecting source labware from available source labwares compatible with the selected pipette, selecting source wells, selecting destination labware from available destination labwares, selecting destination wells, and setting a transfer volume amount.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ON-ROBOT PROTOCOL CREATIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 698,990, titled "System for and Method of Creating On-Robot Protocol for Quick Tasks," filed September 25, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present description relates to automated liquid handling systems, and more particularly to systems and methods for creating liquid transfer protocols and protocols for tasks directly on a robotic liquid handling device through an on-device display interface.BACKGROUND

[0003] Automated liquid handling systems have become indispensable tools in modem laboratories, enabling researchers to perform complex liquid transfer operations with precision and efficiency. However, these systems face a significant challenge when it comes to routine, non-complex liquid handling tasks that require quick setup and execution. Traditional automated liquid handling workflows demand extensive protocol development using desktop applications, which creates a substantial barrier between the user and the automation system. This barrier becomes particularly problematic when the time investment for protocol creation and testing exceeds the time savings gained from automation, leading users to default to manual pipetting methods even when automated systems are available.

[0004] Existing automated liquid handling systems encounter several obstacles that limit their accessibility for routine tasks. These systems typically require users to develop detailed protocols using complex desktop software interfaces, involving multiple steps of parameter specification, validation, and testing before execution. The protocol development process often demands specialized knowledge of programming concepts and system-specific syntax, creating a steep learning curve for laboratory personnel. Additionally, current systems lack intuitive, real-time interaction capabilities that would allow users to quickly configure and execute simple liquid transfer operations directly at the instrument without extensive pre-planning or computer-based protocol development.

[0005] For instance, when a researcher needs to perform a simple plate filling operation or reagent addition, current solutions fail to provide a streamlined, walk-up interface that enables1 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTimmediate protocol creation and execution. Another example occurs during sample preparation workflows, where users require quick aliquoting or plate reformatting operations, where existing methods are unable to offer the simplicity and speed that would make automation preferable to manual pipetting. These limitations result in underutilization of expensive automated systems for routine tasks, forcing users to rely on time-consuming manual methods despite having access to sophisticated liquid handling technology.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] The detailed description is set forth below with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similar or identical items. The systems depicted in the accompanying figures are not to scale and components within the figures may be depicted not to scale with each other.

[0007] FIG. 1 illustrates a liquid handling system with a user interface for creating transfer protocols onboard the system, according to at least one example.

[0008] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example liquid handling system with components thereof used for creating protocols onboard the system, according to at least one example.

[0009] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for creating a liquid transfer protocol through sequential selection steps, according to at least one example.

[0010] FIGS. 4A-4D illustrate a flowchart showing an example method for creating a transfer protocol using an onboard system of a liquid handling system, according to at least one example.

[0011] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for protocol creation using an onboard system of a robotic liquid handling system, according to at least one example.

[0012] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example computing system with a processor, memory, and liquid handling hardware components for implementing the disclosed methods, according to at least one example.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following description sets forth exemplary aspects of the systems and methods described herein without limiting their scope. The description encompasses combinations and modifications to these exemplary aspects. Existing automated liquid handling systems create barriers for routine tasks by requiring extensive protocol development using complex desktop2 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTsoftware, often demanding more time than the automation saves, leading users to default to manual pipetting despite having access to sophisticated technology.

[0014] This application relates to systems and methods for creating liquid transfer protocols directly on automated liquid handling systems through integrated on-device display interfaces, eliminating complex desktop software requirements. The disclosed techniques enable users to configure routine tasks such as plate filling, reagent addition, sample aliquoting, and plate reformatting through streamlined, walk-up interfaces that guide users through sequential selection steps including pipette selection, tip rack selection, source and destination labware configuration, well selection, and volume specification. The system automatically filters compatible options, provides real-time deck configuration validation, and stores protocols locally for immediate execution and reuse.

[0015] The disclosed systems may incorporate artificial intelligence (Al) interface functionality to enhance protocol creation through conversational guidance, allowing natural language inputs rather than traditional menu-driven interfaces. The Al interface generates contextual queries and / or prompts to assist users in defining protocol parameters, such as transfer volumes, source and destination locations, or specific liquid handling requirements. The Al interface analyzes user responses to automatically suggest appropriate pipette configurations, tip rack selections, and labware arrangements based on the intended task. The Al interface provides intelligent recommendations considering liquid properties, transfer volumes, and available hardware components, while offering step-by-step guidance for users less familiar with automated liquid handling procedures. The Al interface enables users to describe liquid handling needs conversationally, such as "I need to transfer 50 microliters from a source plate to a destination plate" or "Help me set up a reagent addition protocol," and translates these descriptions into appropriate protocol configurations. This conversational approach reduces the learning curve and makes the system more accessible to users with varying automation experience.

[0016] Current automated liquid handling systems present significant adoption barriers for routine tasks due to complex protocol development requirements. Users invest substantial time creating detailed protocols using sophisticated desktop software, often requiring specialized programming knowledge and extensive validation before execution. This complexity creates situations where protocol development time exceeds automation time savings, leading laboratory' personnel to default to manual pipetting despite having access to advanced technology. Additionally, existing systems lack intuitive, walk-up interfaces for immediate protocol creation and execution directly at the instrument.3 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

[0017] The presently described systems address these limitations by providing methods for creating liquid transfer protocols directly on automated liquid handling systems through integrated on-device display interfaces, eliminating desktop software dependency. The disclosed approach enables users to configure routine tasks through streamlined, sequential selection processes that guide users through pipette selection, tip rack selection, source and destination labware configuration, well selection, and volume specification. The system automatically filters compatible options, provides real-time deck configuration validation, and stores protocols locally for immediate execution and reuse.

[0018] Furthermore, the systems incorporate artificial intelligence functionality that enhances user interaction through natural language processing, allowing users to describe liquid handling requirements conversationally rather than navigating traditional menu-driven interfaces. The system implements intelligent protocol categorization and storage management, distinguishing between quick transfer protocols and standard protocols with specific storage limitations and automated deletion policies. Additionally, the disclosed methods include advanced parameter configuration options for flow rates, pipette paths, tip management, and various liquid handling settings, while maintaining compatibility' with multiple pipette types and lab ware formats.

[0019] The techniques improve computing device and liquid handling system functioning by enabling on-device protocol creation through integrated display interfaces, reducing computational overhead and network traffic otherwise required for communication between separate desktop computers and liquid handling robots. On-device protocol generation eliminates continuous data transmission between external computing systems and robotic hardware, reducing network latency and improving system responsiveness. Additionally, intelligent filtering of compatible labware and pipette options reduces processing requirements by eliminating unnecessary compatibility checks and validation routines.

[0020] The disclosed artificial intelligence functionality enhances system performance by providing contextual query' generation and natural language processing that reduces cognitive load on users while optimizing protocol parameters based on hardware constraints and liquid handling requirements. The Al-driven approach minimizes user input errors and reduces validation cycles during protocol creation, improving overall system efficiency and reducing computational burden associated with error handling. Furthermore, intelligent protocol categorization and automated storage management improve memory utilization by implementing specific storage limitations and deletion policies that prevent system resource exhaustion while maintaining optimal performance levels. Local storage of quick transfer4 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTprotocols eliminates dependency on external storage systems and reduces data retrieval times, resulting in faster protocol loading and execution speeds.

[0021] The techniques can be implemented in various ways and are not limited to the specific examples provided. Although discussed primarily in the context of automated liquid handling systems for laboratory' applications, the methods, apparatuses, and systems described herein can be applied to various automated systems beyond liquid handling operations. The on-device protocol creation techniques can be utilized in other laboratory automation contexts such as sample preparation systems, analytical instrumentation, robotic sample storage and retrieval systems, or automated microscopy platforms. Additionally, the artificial intelligence interface functionality and intuitive user interface approaches can be used with various robotic systems including manufacturing automation equipment, pharmaceutical compounding systems, food and beverage processing machinery, or any automated system benefiting from simplified, walk-up operation capabilities.

[0022] Furthermore, while examples focus on liquid transfer protocols involving pipettes, tip racks, and lab ware, the underlying principles of on-device protocol creation through sequential parameter selection can be extended to other automated processes such as solid handling operations, thermal cycling procedures, centrifugation protocols, or any multi-step automated workflow traditionally requiring complex programming. The protocol storage and management techniques, including the distinction between quick transfer protocols and standard protocols with specific storage limitations, can similarly be applied to any automated system requiring local protocol storage and execution capabilities.

[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates a liquid handling system 100, in accordance with one embodiment. The liquid handling system 100 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth herein, or in any desired environment.

[0024] The liquid handling system 100 includes a housing 102 that provides structural containment and environmental protection for internal components. A movable stage 104 is positioned within the housing 102 and provides a platform for supporting and positioning laboratory components during liquid handling operations. A deck 106 is integrated within the housing 102 and serves as the primary working surface where laboratory equipment and consumables are positioned for automated liquid transfer procedures. The deck 106 includes cradle devices 108 that provide secure mounting points and positioning references for various types of laboratory equipment, including tip racks, plates, tubes, and other labware components. An x-axis movable truss 110 extends across the liquid handling system 100 and provides mechanical support and positioning capability for robotic components along the5 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCThorizontal x-axis direction. A first y-axis movable truss 112-1 and a second y-axis movable truss 112-2 are arranged perpendicular to the x-axis movable truss 110, enabling precise positioning and movement of liquid handling components along the y-axis direction. The liquid handling system 100 further includes modules 114 that may be positioned on the deck 106 to provide specialized functionality' such as heating, cooling, mixing, or other laboratory operations. A user interface 118 is integrated into the housing 102 and provides direct interaction capabilities for users to control and configure the liquid handling system 100.

[0025] The physical components of the liquid handling system 100 operate together to provide a comprehensive automated liquid handling platform that enables precise liquid transfer operations while maintaining spatial accuracy and repeatability. The x-axis movable truss 110 works in coordination with the firsty-axis movable truss 112-1 and the second y-axis movable truss 112-2 to create a three-dimensional positioning system that allows robotic components to access any' location within the working envelope of the deck 106. The cradle devices 108 provide standardized mounting interfaces that ensure consistent positioning of laboratory equipment relative to the coordinate system established by the movable trusses, thereby enabling accurate liquid handling operations across different types of labware and consumables.

[0026] The liquid handling system 100 relates to creating transfer protocols through direct interaction with a modular robot used for liquid handling operations, where the transfer protocols represent non-routine protocols that may be configured and executed without requiring complex desktop software development. The user interface 118 serves as a display in communication with the modular robot components of the liquid handling system 100, enabling users to create transfer protocols through direct interaction with the integrated display interface. The system architecture supports walk-up protocol development capabilities by providing immediate access to protocol creation functionality through the user interface 118, eliminating the need for separate computer workstations or complex software environments.

[0027] The housing 102 provides a controlled environment that protects precision mechanical components from external contamination and environmental variations that could affect liquid handling accuracy. The housing 102 may include environmental controls such as air filtration systems, temperature regulation, or humidity' control to maintain optimal operating conditions. The housing 102 may also incorporate safety features such as interlocks, emergency stops, or containment systems to ensure safe operation during automated liquid transfer procedures.

[0028] The movable stage 104 may provide dynamic positioning capabilities that enable the liquid handling system 100 to accommodate different types of laboratory equipment or6 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTexperimental configurations. The movable stage 104 may include motorized positioning systems that allow automated adjustment of equipment height, angle, or spatial orientation during liquid handling operations. The movable stage 104 may incorporate sensors or feedback systems that provide position information to the control systems, enabling precise coordination between the movable stage 104 and other robotic components.

[0029] The deck 106 implements a preset layout configuration that accommodates laboratory equipment in a standardized arrangement that optimizes accessibility and workflow efficiency. The deck 106 may be configured to accommodate up to three labware items positioned in slots of the deck 106. In an example, the deck 106 may have rows and columns of slots, for example with rows A-D and columns 1-4. Therefore, in some examples, the slots of the deck 106 may include a tip rack for pipette tip storage, source labware for liquid aspiration operations, and destination labware for liquid dispensing operations. The deck 106 may include identification systems such as barcode readers, RFID sensors, or optical recognition systems that automatically detect and verify the ty pe and position of laboratory equipment placed on the cradle devices 108.

[0030] The cradle devices 108 may include mechanical features such as alignment guides, retention mechanisms, or positioning references that ensure accurate and repeatable placement of laboratory7equipment on the deck 106. The cradle devices 108 may incorporate sensors that detect the presence and proper seating of laboratory equipment, providing feedback to the control systems to verify correct deck configuration before protocol execution. The cradle devices 108 may be designed to accommodate various types and sizes of laboratory equipment, including different plate formats, tube racks, reagent reservoirs, and specialized labware configurations.

[0031] The x-axis movable truss 110 may incorporate precision linear motion systems such as ball screws, linear motors, or belt drive mechanisms that provide accurate positioning along the horizontal axis of the liquid handling system 100. The x-axis movable truss 110 may include encoder systems or position feedback devices that monitor the exact location of robotic components and provide closed-loop control for precise liquid handling operations. The x-axis movable truss 110 may support multiple robotic components simultaneously, enabling parallel liquid handling operations or the use of different types of pipetting systems within the same automated workflow.

[0032] The first y-axis movable truss 112-1 and the second y-axis movable truss 112-2 may provide independent positioning capability that enables simultaneous operation of multiple robotic components or specialized liquid handling configurations. In an example, the first y-7 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTaxis movable truss 112-1 and the second y-axis movable truss 112-2 may support different types of pipetting systems, such as single-channel, multi-channel, or high-throughput pipettes, allowing the liquid handling system 100 to accommodate diverse liquid transfer requirements within the same automated workflow. In an example, the movable stage 104 may be supported on the y-axis movable trusses. The y-axis movable trusses may include collision detection systems or motion coordination algorithms that prevent interference between multiple robotic components operating simultaneously.

[0033] The modules 114 may provide specialized functionality that extends the capabilities of the liquid handling system 100 beyond basic liquid transfer operations to support comprehensive laboratory workflows. The modules 114 may include thermal control systems for heating or cooling samples, mixing systems for sample preparation, or analytical instruments for real-time measurement and quality control. The modules 114 may be configured to support specific laboratory tasks including plate filling operations, reagent addition procedures, plate reformatting operations, generic aliquoting procedures, and plate copying or stamping operations.

[0034] The user interface 1 18 may function as a touch screen interface that provides walk-up protocol development capabilities, enabling users to create and configure liquid transfer protocols directly at the liquid handling system 100 without requiring separate computer workstations or complex software environments. The user interface 118 may implement an on- device display system that guides users through sequential selection processes for defining protocol parameters, including pipette selection, tip rack configuration, source and destination labware specification, well selection, and volume settings. The user interface 118 may provide settings input functionality' that allows users to configure execution parameters for transfer protocols, where the settings input may be selected from listed options presented on the display interface. The user interface 118 may include validation systems that verify deck configuration consistency with the transfer protocol being created.

[0035] In an embodiment, the liquid handling system 100 may be enhanced with additional environmental monitoring capabilities that track temperature, humidify, and air qualify conditions within the housing 102 to ensure optimal performance during sensitive liquid handling operations. The system may incorporate advanced vibration isolation systems that minimize external disturbances and maintain positioning accuracy even in laboratory environments with significant mechanical noise or building vibrations.

[0036] In an embodiment, the movable stage 104 and deck 106 may be configured with modular expansion capabilities that allow users to add additional working surfaces, specialized8 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTequipment mounts, or custom laboratory configurations based on specific experimental requirements. The system may incorporate automated labware handling systems that can load and unload plates, tips, and other consumables without manual intervention, enabling continuous operation for high-throughput applications.

[0037] In an embodiment, the user interface 118 may be enhanced wi th advanced artificial intelligence capabilities that provide conversational protocol development through natural language processing, allowing users to describe their liquid handling requirements in plain language rather than navigating through traditional menu-driven interfaces. The interface may include predictive protocol suggestions based on historical usage patterns, laboratory workflow analysis, or experimental context recognition that automatically recommends optimal settings for common liquid handling tasks.

[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates a liquid handling system 200, in accordance with one embodiment. The liquid handling system 200 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the examples set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired environment.

[0039] The liquid handling system 200 includes a processor 204 that sen es as the central processing unit for coordinating and executing computational operations throughout the system. An input device 206 provides mechanisms for receiving user commands, data entry, and operational instructions. An output device 208 enables the system to communicate results, status information, and operational feedback to users or connected systems. A gantry’ 210 provides the mechanical framework and positioning system for precise movement of liquid handling components. A robotic system 212 encompasses the automated mechanisms and actuators that perform physical liquid transfer operations under computer control. A memory 214 stores software modules, operational data, and protocol information for system operation. The memory 214 contains a protocol module 216 that manages the creation, storage, and execution of liquid transfer protocols. A control module 218 coordinates the operation of mechanical components and ensures proper execution of programmed sequences. An artificial intelligence module 220 provides automated assistance and intelligent decision-making capabilities for protocol optimization and user guidance. An interface module 222 manages user interactions and provides the software framework for display-based protocol creation and system control.

[0040] The components of the liquid handling system 200 operate together to create a comprehensive computational platform that supports automated liquid handling operations, protocol management, and user interface functionality through coordinated hardware and9 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTsoftware integration. The processor 204 operates in coordination with the memory 214 to execute instructions stored within the various software modules, enabling the liquid handling system 200 to perform complex automated liquid transfer operations while maintaining precise control over mechanical components and user interface functions. The gantry 210 provides the structural foundation for the robotic system 212, enabling precise three-dimensional positioning of liquid handling components while maintaining mechanical stability and repeatability during automated operations.

[0041] The liquid handling system 200 relates to computing systems that include one or more processors and one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform operations for creating transfer protocols via displays in communication with modular robots used for liquid handling operations. The processor 204 functions as the central computational element that executes stored instructions to coordinate protocol creation, hardware control, and user interface operations. The memory 214 sen es as the storage medium for instructions and data that enable the processor 204 to perfonn automated liquid handling operations, protocol management, and user interaction functions.

[0042] The processor 204 may include multiple processing cores, specialized computational units, or distributed processing capabilities that enable parallel execution of different system functions such as user interface management, mechanical control, and protocol execution. The processor 204 may incorporate dedicated signal processing units that handle real-time control of mechanical components, floating-point processors for mathematical calculations related to liquid volume computations, or graphics processing units that support advanced user interface rendering and display management.

[0043] The input device 206 may encompass touch screen interfaces, keyboard inputs, mouse controls, voice recognition systems, or specialized laboratory' input devices that enable users to interact with the liquid handling system 200 through various modalities. The input device 206 may include barcode scanners, RFID readers, or optical recognition systems that automatically identify laboratory equipment, consumables, or sample containers placed within the system. The input device 206 may support gesture recognition capabilities that allow users to manipulate protocol parameters through hand movements or touch gestures on display surfaces.

[0044] The output device 208 may include visual displays, audio feedback systems, status indicator lights, or network communication interfaces that provide information about system operation, protocol status, and operational results to users or connected systems. The output10 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTdevice 208 may incorporate high-resolution displays that show detailed protocol information, real-time operational status, or graphical representations of liquid handling operations in progress. The output device 208 may include audio alert systems that provide audible notifications about protocol completion, error conditions, or maintenance requirements.

[0045] The gantry7210 may incorporate precision linear motion systems, servo motors, encoder feedback systems, and mechanical components that provide accurate three- dimensional positioning capabilities for liquid handling operations. The gantry 210 may include multiple independent axes of motion that enable simultaneous operation of different liquid handling components or support complex motion profiles during protocol execution. The gantry7210 may incorporate vibration dampening systems, thermal compensation mechanisms, or environmental isolation features that maintain positioning accuracy under varying laboratory conditions.

[0046] The robotic system 212 may encompass pipetting mechanisms, gripper systems, sample handling devices, or specialized laboratory automation components that perform physical operations under computer control. The robotic system 212 may support multiple pipette types including 1 -channel, 8-channel, and 96-channel pipettes, with automatic detection and registration of attached pipettes, enabling the system to automatically configure operational parameters based on the specific pipetting hardware installed. The robotic system 212 may include tool changing capabilities that allow automatic switching between different ty pes of liquid handling components during protocol execution.

[0047] The memory 214 may include volatile memory systems such as RAM for temporary data storage and program execution, non-volatile memory systems such as flash memory or solid-state drives for permanent data storage, and specialized memory systems such as cache memory or buffer memory that optimize system perfonnance during liquid handling operations. The memory 214 may implement hierarchical storage systems that automatically manage data placement based on access frequency, importance, or operational requirements.

[0048] The protocol module 216 may manage the creation, validation, storage, and execution of liquid transfer protocols while providing functionality for protocol categorization, version control, and automated optimization based on hardware configurations and operational requirements. The protocol module 216 may implement intelligent protocol generation capabilities that automatically create optimized liquid handling sequences based on user- specified parameters such as source and destination configurations, transfer volumes, and liquid properties.

[0049] The control module 218 may coordinate the operation of mechanical components.11 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTmanage system timing and synchronization, and ensure proper execution of programmed sequences while providing real-time monitoring and adaptive control capabilities. The control module 218 may implement tip management logic including change tip frequency options such as always, once, per source, or per destination, based on well count and pipette type among other factors, thereby optimizing tip usage efficiency while maintaining contamination control standards.

[0050] The artificial intelligence module 220 may provide automated assistance, intelligent decision-making capabilities, natural language processing, and machine learning functionality that enhances user interaction and optimizes protocol performance based on historical data and operational patterns. The artificial intelligence module 220 may include conversational interfaces that enable users to describe liquid handling requirements in natural language, automatically translating these descriptions into appropriate protocol configurations and parameter settings.

[0051] The interface module 222 may manage user interactions, provide software frameworks for display-based protocol creation, and implement user interface functionality that enables intuitive system control and configuration through vanous interaction modalities. The interface module 222 may include labware compatibility filtering that displays only labware compatible with the selected pipette type based on nozzle geometry and well overlap calculations, ensuring that users may only select valid combinations of equipment and consumables.

[0052] In an embodiment, the liquid handling system 200 may be enhanced with distributed computing capabilities that enable multiple processor 204 units to work in parallel for complex protocol execution, real-time system monitoring, and advanced data analysis operations. The system may incorporate cloud connectivity features that allow the processor 204 to access remote computational resources, protocol databases, or artificial intelligence services that extend the capabilities of the local artificial intelligence module 220.

[0053] In an embodiment, the input device 206 and output device 208 may be integrated with advanced sensor systems that monitor environmental conditions, liquid properties, or equipment status to provide comprehensive operational awareness and adaptive control capabilities. The system may incorporate wireless communication capabilities that enable seamless integration with mobile devices, tablet computers, or wearable technology7that extends user interface functionality7beyond the primary system display.

[0054] In an embodiment, the gantry 210 and robotic system 212 may be configured with modular expansion capabilities that allow the addition of specialized liquid handling12 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTcomponents, analytical instruments, or custom laboratory equipment based on specific experimental requirements. The system may incorporate advanced motion control algorithms that optimize liquid handling operations for speed, accuracy, or sample preservation based on the specific requirements of different types of biological or chemical samples.

[0055] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of a liquid transfer protocol creation process, in accordance with one embodiment. The flowchart may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the examples set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired environment.

[0056] The flowchart of FIG. 3 may illustrate a protocol creation process, by which a protocol may be generated to run on a robotic system, such as the robotic system described herein. The protocol created on-board the robotic system may be saved, exported, edited, or otherwise interacted with either on-board the robotic system or at a separate system in communication with the robotic system. For example, a protocol may be exported from the robotic system and used to perform the protocol on a second robotic system. In some examples the user interface of the robotic system may allow a user to save, edit, and / or export the protocol following the process shown in FIG. 3.

[0057] The flowchart includes a launch flow step 302 that initiates the protocol creation process and provides the entry point for users to begin configuring liquid transfer operations through the user interface 118. A select tip rack step 304 follows the launch flow step 302 and enables users to choose appropriate tip racks from a list of available tip racks that are compatible with the selected pipetting hardware. The flowchart proceeds to a define source step 306 that encompasses the configuration of source parameters for liquid aspiration operations. Within the define source step 306, a select category step 308 allows users to filter source labware options by category to streamline the selection process. A select labware step 310 enables users to choose specific source labware from a list of available source labwares, where the list includes at least one source labware that is compatible with the pipette as selected. A select w ells step 312 provides functionality7for users to specify one or more source wells within the chosen source labware. A select aspiration volume step 314 allows users to configure the volume of liquid to be aspirated from the selected source wells. The flowchart then transitions to a defined destination step 316 that manages the configuration of destination parameters for liquid dispensing operations. Within the define destination step 316, a select category step 318 provides filtering capabilities for destination labware options. A select labware step 320 enables users to select destination labware from a list of available destination labwares. A select wells step 322 allows users to specify one or more destination wells within13 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTthe chosen destination labware. A select dispense volume step 324 provides functionality for setting a transfer volume amount to be dispensed into the selected destination wells. The flowchart concludes with a run step 326 that executes the configured transfer protocol using the robotic system 212.

[0058] The sequential steps of the flowchart operate together to create a comprehensive protocol creation workflow that guides users through the logical progression of parameter selection required for automated liquid handling operations. The launch flow step 302 establishes the initial system state and prepares the interface module 222 to receive user inputs for protocol configuration. The select tip rack step 304 works in coordination with the protocol module 216 to validate tip compatibility with the selected pipetting hardware and ensure proper tip management throughout the protocol execution.

[0059] The flowchart relates to the creation of transfer protocols through sequential selection processes that enable users to configure liquid handling operations directly through the user interface 118 without requiring complex desktop software development. The launch flow step 302 provides the initial interface for creating transfer protocols via displays in communication with modular robots used for liquid handling, where the transfer protocols represent nonroutine protocols that may be configured and executed through walk-up interfaces.

[0060] The launch flow step 302 may provide initial system validation and deck configuration verification to ensure that the liquid handling system 200 is properly prepared for protocol creation and execution. The launch flow step 302 may include safety checks that verify proper installation of pipetting hardware, confirm availability of required consumables, and validate that the deck 106 configuration matches the intended protocol requirements.

[0061] The select tip rack step 304 may implement intelligent tip rack selection algorithms that automatically filter available tip rack options based on the pipetting hardware currently installed on the liquid handling system 200. The select tip rack step 304 may include tip capacity calculations that determine the number of tips required for the intended protocol and verify that sufficient tips are available in the selected tip rack configuration.

[0062] The define source step 306 may encompass comprehensive source configuration functionality that enables users to specify all parameters related to liquid aspiration operations within a structured workflow. The define source step 306 may include source labware validation systems that verify the physical compatibility of selected source labware with the deck 106 configuration and ensure proper accessibility for the robotic system 212.

[0063] The select category step 308 may provide intelligent categorization systems that organize available source labware options into logical groupings based on labware type.14 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTcapacity, format, or application-specific characteristics. The select category step 308 may include dynamic filtering capabilities that adjust available categories based on the pipetting hardware selected in previous steps, ensuring that only compatible labware categories are presented to users.

[0064] The select labware step 310 may implement comprehensive labware compatibility7checking algorithms that ensure selected source labware configurations are physically and operationally compatible with the chosen pipetting system and deck 106 arrangement. The select labware step 310 may include three-dimensional collision detection systems that verify selected labware may be properly positioned within the available deck space without interfering with robotic movements or other equipment.

[0065] The select wells step 312 may provide sophisticated well selection interfaces that enable users to specify individual wells, well ranges, or well patterns within the chosen source labware while implementing validation logic that ensures compatibilify with the selected pipetting hardw are. The select wells step 312 may include visual w ell selection tools that allow users to click, drag, or touch individual wells on graphical representations of the source lab ware to define aspiration locations.

[0066] The select aspiration volume step 314 may implement volume range calculation systems that consider pipette capacity7, tip capacity7, sample liquid type, sample liquid class, sample properties, well capacity, and / or other characteristics of the systems, components, or samples involved in the process to determine minimum and maximum allowable transfer volumes for the selected source wells and pipetting configuration. The select aspiration volume step 314 may include intelligent volume validation that checks whether the specified aspiration volume is compatible with the available liquid volume in the selected source wells and provides warnings when insufficient liquid is available.

[0067] The define destination step 316 may provide comprehensive destination configuration functionality that enables users to specify all parameters related to liquid dispensing operations through a structured workflow that parallels the source configuration process. The define destination step 316 may include destination labware validation systems that verify the compatibility of selected destination labware with the deck 106 configuration and ensure proper accessibility for liquid dispensing operations.

[0068] The select category step 318 may provide destination-specific categorization systems that organize available destination labware options based on compatibility7with the selected source configuration and intended transfer operations. The select category step 318 may implement intelligent filtering that considers the source labware selection and transfer volumes15 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTto present only appropriate destination labware categories.

[0069] The select labware step 320 may implement destination labware compatibility algorithms that ensure selected destination labware configurations are appropriate for the intended dispensing operations and compatible with the overall protocol configuration. The select labware step 320 may include capacity' validation systems that verify selected destination labware has sufficient well capacity to accommodate the intended dispense volumes from the configured source wells.

[0070] The select wells step 322 may provide destination well selection interfaces that enable users to specify target wells for liquid dispensing while implementing transfer type logic that automatically determines whether the protocol represents a transfer, consolidate, or distribute operation based on the number of source and destination wells selected. The select wells step 322 may include intelligent well mapping systems that automatically suggest destination well arrangements based on the source well configuration and intended transfer pattern.

[0071] The select dispense volume step 324 may implement comprehensive volume calculation and validation systems that ensure specified dispense volumes are compatible with the source configuration, destination well capacity, sample liquid type, sample liquid class, sample properties, and pipetting hardware limitations. The select dispense volume step 324 may include transfer ty pe determination algorithms that analyze the relationship between source and destination well selections to automatically classify the protocol as a transfer operation for equal numbers of source and destination wells, a consolidate operation when multiple source wells feed into fewer destination wells, or a distribute operation when fewer source wells supply multiple destination wells.

[0072] The run step 326 may coordinate with the control module 218 and protocol module 216 to translate the configured protocol parameters into executable mechanical operations that are performed by the gantry 210 and robotic system 212 during automated liquid handling operations. The run step 326 may include final protocol validation that performs comprehensive checks of all configured parameters to ensure protocol feasibility', safety7, and compatibility with the current system configuration.

[0073] In an embodiment, the flowchart may be enhanced with parallel processing capabilities that enable simultaneous configuration of multiple protocol parameters, reducing the total time required for protocol creation while maintaining validation and compatibility checking for all selected components. The system may incorporate predictive protocol validation that analyzes configured parameters in real-time and provides immediate feedback about potential issues or optimization opportunities before users complete the entire16 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTconfiguration process.

[0074] In an embodiment, the sequential steps may be augmented with machine learning capabilities that analyze user behavior patterns, protocol success rates, and operational outcomes to provide intelligent recommendations and automated parameter optimization throughout the protocol creation process. The system may incorporate adaptive user interfaces that customize the presentation and organization of selection options based on individual user preferences, laboratory workflows, or historical usage patterns. For example, a large language model or other artificial intelligence model may be used to communicate with a user and complete or provide queries to determine the information for the steps of the methods described herein. In some examples, the robotic system may also include voice to text functionality' to interact with a user through voice commands, either with or without the use of artificial intelligence or large language models. In an example, a voice interaction feature may provide a user with an ability7to interact with the robotic system for protocol creation through a single or sequence of voice interactions with the interface of the robotic system. For example, the user may provide a direction vocally such as “use the eight channel pipette to move samples from the well plate in location B2 into the 290 mL well reservoir in location DI and then dispose of the pipette tips.” In some examples, the vocal instructions may be processed by a system of the robotic system to ask follow-up questions about other aspects of a protocol creation based on the vocal input. In some examples, the large language model or artificial intelligence model may proceed through a step-by-step process such as described in FIGS. 4A-4D to proceed with the protocol creation.

[0075] In an embodiment, the protocol creation process may be expanded with advanced simulation capabilities that allow7users to preview protocol execution, visualize liquid transfer operations, and identify potential issues before committing to actual protocol execution. The system may incorporate integration capabilities that connect the protocol creation workflow with external laboratory7information management systems, analytical instruments, or data analysis platforms to provide seamless w orkflow7integration and automated data handling.

[0076] FIG. 4A illustrates a method 400 for creating a transfer protocol, in accordance with one embodiment. The method 400 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired environment.

[0077] Method 400 includes step 402 that initiates Launch Transfer Protocol Builder operations and provides the entry point for users to begin creating transfer protocols through user interface 118. Step 404 follows step 402 and implements Confirm Deck Locations17 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCToperations, where deck grid 406 is displayed to users showing the spatial arrangement of deck positions available for protocol configuration. Deck grid 406 includes selected areas 408 that indicate specific deck slots designated for protocol components and provide visual confirmation of the deck configuration arrangement. Step 410 provides Select Pipette operations that enable users to choose from available pipetting hardware currently attached to liquid handling system 100. Step 410 connects to pipette selection interface 412 that displays available pipette options and provides user interaction capabilities for pipette selection. Pipette selection interface 412 presents specific pipette configurations including Left Mount Flex 8- Channel 50 pL and Right Mount Flex 1 -Channel 1000 pL options, along with Exit and Continue navigation controls. In some examples, the consumables, tools, or system components of the robotic system may be detected and therefore may be prepopulated on the selection interface. The options may also be manually selected or changed by a user based on system capabilities and / or configurations of the system.

[0078] Components of method 400 operate together to create a systematic approach for transfer protocol initialization that guides users through the logical sequence of configuration steps required for automated liquid handling operations. Step 402 establishes the initial system state and prepares protocol module 216 to receive user inputs for protocol configuration while coordinating with interface module 222 to present appropriate user interface elements. Step 404 works in coordination with deck 106 configuration to validate that the physical arrangement of laboratory equipment matches the requirements of the transfer protocol being created.

[0079] Method 400 relates to the creation of transfer protocols through systematic initialization and configuration procedures that enable users to establish the foundational parameters required for automated liquid handling operations. Step 402 provides the launching mechanism for creating transfer protocols via displays in communication with modular robots used for liquid handling, where the transfer protocols represent non-routine protocols that may be configured through walk-up interfaces integrated into liquid handling system 100.

[0080] Step 402 may implement detailed system initialization procedures that verify the operational status of liquid handling system 100 and prepare all subsystems for protocol creation activities. Step 402 may include safety validation routines that check for proper installation of mechanical components, verify the availability of required consumables, and confirm that all safety interlocks are properly engaged before allowing users to proceed with protocol creation.

[0081] Step 404 may provide detailed deck configuration validation that ensures the physical18 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTarrangement of laboratory equipment on deck 106 is compatible with the intended protocol operations and meets the spatial requirements for automated liquid handling procedures. Step 404 may implement three-dimensional collision detection algorithms that verify the selected deck configuration will not result in mechanical interference between robotic components and laboratory7equipment during protocol execution.

[0082] Deck grid 406 may implement a visual representation system that provides users with a clear understanding of the spatial relationships between different deck positions and the physical constraints that affect protocol configuration. Deck grid 406 may include interactive elements that allow7users to click or touch specific deck positions to view7detailed information about equipment placement requirements, accessibility constraints, or compatibility limitations.

[0083] Selected areas 408 may provide visual feedback systems that indicate which deck slots are designated for specific protocol components and communicate the spatial arrangement requirements for the configured transfer protocol. Selected areas 408 may include highlighting or shading effects that draw user attention to the specific deck positions that will be utilized during protocol execution. The visual feedback systems may include a camera positioned on the robotic system directed at the deck. The visual feedback system may7provide a picture or representation of the items on the deck through a visual feedback system. In some examples the visual feedback may include real-time image data from the camera or simulated representations of the system components.

[0084] Step 410 may implement detailed pipette detection and selection operations that identify7available pipetting hardware and enable users to choose appropriate pipetting systems for their intended liquid handling operations. Step 410 may include automatic pipette detection systems that communicate with robotic system 212 to identify the type, capacity, and configuration of pipettes currently installed on liquid handling system 100.

[0085] Pipette selection interface 412 may provide detailed user interaction capabilities that enable users to view available pipetting options and make informed selections based on their specific liquid handling requirements. Pipette selection interface 412 may include detailed specifications for each available pipette option, showing volume ranges, channel configurations, and compatibility information that helps users make appropriate selections.

[0086] In an embodiment, method 400 may be enhanced with predictive configuration capabilities that analyze user selections and automatically suggest optimal deck arrangements, pipette configurations, and protocol parameters based on historical usage patterns and successful protocol outcomes. The system may incorporate machine learning algorithms that19 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTmonitor user behavior during protocol creation and provide intelligent recommendations that streamline the configuration process while reducing the likelihood of configuration errors or suboptimal parameter selections.

[0087] In an embodiment, deck grid 406 and selected areas 408 may be augmented with augmented reality' capabilities that overlay digital information onto physical laboratory equipment, providing visual guidance for equipment placement and real-time validation of deck configuration accuracy. The system may incorporate advanced sensor networks that continuously monitor deck configuration and provide immediate feedback when equipment is moved, replaced, or improperly positioned during protocol creation or execution.

[0088] In an embodiment, pipette selection interface 412 may be expanded with advanced pipette characterization systems that provide detailed performance data, calibration history, and maintenance status information for each available pipette option. The system may incorporate predictive maintenance capabilities that monitor pipette usage patterns and performance metrics to recommend optimal pipette selections based on accuracy requirements, expected protocol duration, or maintenance scheduling considerations.

[0089] FIG. 4B illustrates a flowchart showing a sequence of steps for creating a transfer protocol, in accordance with one embodiment. The flowchart may7be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired environment.

[0090] The flowchart includes step 414 for selecting a tip rack, which connects to tip rack selection interface 416 that displays various tip rack options including Flex Filter Tips in different volumes and Flex Tips options. Following step 414, the flowchart proceeds to step 418 for selecting a source, which links to source selection interface 420. Source selection interface 420 displays labware categories including "All Labware," "Well Plates," "Reservoirs," and "Tubes," along with specific labware options such as well plates and reservoirs of various volumes. The flowchart then continues to step 422 for selecting a destination, which connects to destination selection interface 424. Destination selection interface 424 shows similar labware category options as source selection interface 420, with available lab ware options displayed below. Each interface includes "Exit" and "Continue" options for navigation through the protocol creation process.

[0091] The sequential steps operate together to create a detailed component selection workflow that guides users through the logical progression of hardware and labware configuration required for automated liquid handling operations. Step 414 coordinates with protocol module 216 to validate tip compatibility with the selected pipetting hardware and20 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTensures proper tip management throughout the protocol execution. Source selection interface 420 and destination selection interface 424 implement labware compatibility filtering that displays only labware compatible with the selected pipette type based on nozzle geometry and well overlap calculations.

[0092] The component selection workflow relates to the creation of transfer protocols through systematic hardware and labware configuration procedures that enable users to specify the physical components required for automated liquid handling operations. Step 414 implements operations for selecting a tip rack from a list of available tip racks, where the tip rack selection process ensures compatibility with the pipetting hardware selected through pipette selection interface 412.

[0093] Step 414 may implement intelligent tip rack selection algorithms that automatically filter available tip rack options based on the pipetting hardware currently installed on liquid handling system 100 and the volume requirements specified for the intended liquid handling operations. Step 414 may include tip capacity calculations that determine the number of tips required for the intended protocol based on the selected pipette configuration, well selection patterns, and tip management strategies.

[0094] Tip rack selection interface 416 may provide detailed user interaction capabilities that display available tip rack options and enable users to make informed selections based on their specific liquid handling requirements and pipette configurations. Tip rack selection interface 416 may include detailed specifications for each available tip rack option, showing tip volume ranges, tip count, material properties, and compatibility information that helps users make appropriate selections for their intended applications.

[0095] Step 418 may implement detailed source labware selection operations that enable users to specify the containers or vessels from which liquid will be aspirated during the automated liquid handling protocol. Step 418 may include source labware validation systems that verify the physical compatibility of selected source labware with deck 106 configuration and ensure proper accessibility for robotic system 212 during aspiration operations.

[0096] Source selection interface 420 may provide sophisticated labware selection capabilities that organize available source labware options into logical categories and implement compatibility filtering to ensure appropriate selections for the configured pipette and protocol parameters. Source selection interface 420 may include dynamic categorization systems that organize labware options into groups such as "All Labware," "Well Plates," "Reservoirs," and "Tubes," with each category’ containing only labware types that are compatible with the selected pipette configuration.21 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

[0097] Step 422 may implement detailed destination labware selection operations that enable users to specify the containers or vessels into which liquid will be dispensed during the automated liquid handling protocol. Step 422 may include destination labware validation systems that verify the compatibility of selected destination labware with both the chosen source labware configuration and the selected pipette hardware.

[0098] Destination selection interface 424 may provide detailed destination labware selection capabilities that organize available destination options and implement compatibility validation to ensure appropriate selections for the configured protocol parameters. Destination selection interface 424 may include categorization systems similar to source selection interface 420, organizing destination labware options into logical groups with filtering applied to show only options that are compatible with the selected pipette configuration and source labware selection.

[0099] In an embodiment, the component selection workflow' may be enhanced with predictive compatibility analysis that evaluates potential combinations of tip racks, source labware, and destination labware before users complete their selections, providing real-time feedback about optimal configurations and potential compatibility issues. The system may incorporate machine learning algorithms that analyze historical protocol success rates and user selection patterns to provide intelligent recommendations for tip rack and labware combinations.

[0100] In an embodiment, tip rack selection interface 416, source selection interface 420, and destination selection interface 424 may be augmented with advanced visualization capabilities that provide three-dimensional representations of selected components and their spatial relationships within deck 106 configuration. The system may incorporate augmented realityfeatures that overlay digital information onto physical laboratory equipment, providing visual guidance for proper placement of selected tip racks and labware.

[0101] In an embodiment, the lab ware compatibility filtering systems may be expanded with advanced geometric analysis capabilities that perform detailed collision detection and accessibility validation for complex pipette and labware combinations. The system may incorporate a dynamic compatibility assessment that continuously monitors the compatibility of selected components as users progress through the configuration process.

[0102] FIG. 4C illustrates a flowchart showing steps for volume selection and protocol confirmation in the transfer protocol creation process, in accordance with one embodiment. The flowchart may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired22 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTenvironment.

[0103] The flowchart includes step 426 for selecting transfer volume, which connects to transfer volume interface 428 that displays volume configuration options for the liquid handling protocol. Transfer volume interface 428 provides a numeric input interface that enables users to specify the volume per well in microliters, along with a numeric keypad for precise volume entry and navigation controls to exit or continue through the protocol creation process. Following step 426. the flowchart proceeds to step 430 for confirming transfer details, which links to protocol confirmation interface 432. Protocol confirmation interface 432 displays comprehensive information about the configured transfer protocol, including details about the selected pipette type, tip rack configuration, source labware specifications, destination labware parameters, and dispense volume per well settings. Protocol confirmation interface 432 includes tabbed navigation sections for Overview, Advanced Settings, and Tip Management, along with control buttons to exit the configuration process or create the finalized transfer protocol.

[0104] The volume selection and confirmation steps operate together to create a detailed protocol finalization workflow that enables users to specify precise liquid handling parameters and validate all configured settings before protocol execution. Step 426 coordinates with protocol module 216 to implement volume range validation that ensures specified transfer volumes are within the operational capabilities of the selected pipetting hardware and compatible with the chosen source and destination labware configurations. Protocol confirmation interface 432 implements comprehensive parameter review functionality that consolidates all user selections from previous configuration steps and presents them in an organized format for final validation.

[0105] The volume selection and confirmation workflow relates to the final configuration phases of transfer protocol creation where users specify precise liquid handling parameters and validate complete protocol settings before execution. Step 426 provides operations for setting a transfer volume amount that determines the quantify of liquid to be transferred during each aspiration and dispensing cycle of the automated liquid handling protocol.

[0106] Step 426 may implement intelligent volume validation algorithms that analyze the selected pipette capacity', tip volume limitations, and labware well capacities to determine appropriate volume ranges and provide real-time feedback about volume feasibility. Step 426 may include volume optimization recommendations that suggest optimal transfer volumes based on the selected hardware configuration, liquid properties, and accuracy requirements for the intended application.23 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

[0107] Transfer volume interface 428 may provide sophisticated volume input capabilities that enable precise volume specification through numeric keypad entry, slider controls, or preset volume options based on common laboratory applications. Transfer volume interface 428 may include volume range indicators that display minimum and maximum allowable volumes for the current hardware configuration, along with visual feedback that highlights volume selections outside acceptable ranges.

[0108] Step 430 may implement comprehensive protocol validation and confirmation operations that enable users to review all configured parameters and verily the completeness and compatibility of the transfer protocol before execution begins. Step 430 may include automated protocol feasibility analysis that checks for potential conflicts between configured parameters and provides warnings about settings that may result in suboptimal performance or operational issues.

[0109] Protocol confirmation interface 432 may provide detailed protocol review capabilities that organize all configured parameters into logical sections and enable users to access detailed information about each aspect of the transfer protocol. Protocol confirmation interface 432 may include parameter modification functionality that allows users to return to previous configuration steps to adjust settings without losing other configured parameters, enabling iterative protocol refinement and optimization.

[0110] In various embodiments, the volume selection and confinnation workflow may be enhanced with predictive volume optimization capabilities that analyze liquid properties, environmental conditions, and hardware performance characteristics to recommend optimal transfer volumes for specific applications. The system may incorporate machine learning algorithms that analyze historical protocol performance data to provide intelligent volume recommendations based on accuracy requirements, throughput objectives, or sample preservation considerations.[OHl] In various embodiments, transfer volume interface 428 may be augmented with advanced volume calculation tools that automatically compute total liquid requirements, estimate protocol duration, and provide resource utilization predictions based on the specified volume settings. The system may incorporate real-time liquid level monitoring that tracks available liquid volumes in source containers and provides warnings when insufficient liquid is available for the configured protocol.

[0112] In various embodiments, protocol confirmation interface 432 may be expanded with advanced simulation capabilities that provide visual previews of protocol execution, animated representations of liquid transfer operations, and predictive analysis of protocol outcomes24 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTbefore actual execution begins. The system may incorporate protocol optimization suggestions that analyze the complete parameter configuration and recommend adjustments that may improve accuracy, reduce cycle time, or optimize resource utilization.

[0113] FIG. 4D illustrates a sequence diagram showing steps for confirming settings and executing a protocol, in accordance with one embodiment. The sequence diagram may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired environment.

[0114] The sequence diagram includes step 434 that implements confirm settings operations and provides users with the ability to review, modify, and validate all configured protocol parameters before proceeding to protocol execution. The modifications, or review and validation, may be performed through the user interface of the liquid handling system 100. Settings interface 436 connects to step 434 and displays detailed configuration options including "From Labware Al to A2" with tabbed navigation sections for Overview, Advanced Settings, and Tip Management. Settings interface 436 presents additional setting categories including Aspirate Settings, Dispense Settings, and Tip Settings, that enable users to configure detailed liquid handling parameters. Step 438 follows the settings confirmation process and implements create and execute protocol operations that translate the configured parameters into executable mechanical operations. The sequence diagram also includes an illustration of liquid handling system 100 showing the physical device configuration that performs the actual liquid handling operations during protocol execution. In some examples, step 438 may also include saving, storing, exporting, or otherwise conveying or interacting with the protocol in addition to options for executing the protocol. The protocol may be saved to run at a later time after creation of the protocol.

[0115] Components of the sequence diagram operate together to create a detailed protocol finalization and execution workflow' that enables users to validate configured parameters and initiate automated liquid handling operations through liquid handling system 100. Step 434 coordinates with protocol module 216 to compile all user-selected parameters from previous configuration steps and present them in a consolidated format that enables detailed review and validation before protocol execution begins.

[0116] The sequence diagram relates to the final phases of transfer protocol creation, where users confirm configured settings and initiate protocol execution through the modular robot used for liquid handling operations. Step 434 provides operations for receiving confirmation of all protocol parameters that have been configured through the sequential selection process, ensuring that users have the opportunity to review and validate their selections before25 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTcommitting to protocol execution.

[0117] Step 434 may implement detailed parameter validation and review operations that enable users to examine all configured protocol settings and verify the compatibility and feasibility of the complete protocol configuration before execution begins. Step 434 may include automated validation routines that check for potential conflicts between configured parameters, verify that selected volumes are within the operational ranges of the chosen pipetting hardware, and confirm that deck 106 configuration supports the intended liquid handling operations.

[0118] Settings interface 436 may provide detailed configuration management capabilities that organize protocol parameters into logical categories and enable users to access detailed configuration options for all aspects of the liquid handling protocol. Settings interface 436 may include aspirate flow rate configuration that allows users to specify the rate at which liquid is drawn into pipette tips during aspiration operations, with default values and range validation based on tip type and volume thresholds.

[0119] Step 438 may implement detailed protocol execution coordination that translates validated protocol parameters into executable mechanical operations performed by liquid handling system 100 and provides real-time monitoring and control during automated liquid handling procedures. Step 438 may coordinate with control module 218 to implement tip management logic including change tip frequency options such as alw ays, once, per source, or per destination based on well count and pipette type.

[0120] Liquid handling system 100 may provide the physical execution platform that performs the configured liquid handling operations through coordinated mechanical systems and provides the hardware infrastructure necessary for automated liquid transfer procedures. Liquid handling system 100 may include environmental monitoring capabilities that track temperature, humidity, and contamination levels during protocol execution to ensure optimal conditions for sensitive liquid handling operations.

[0121] In an embodiment, the sequence diagram may be enhanced with advanced protocol validation capabilities that perform comprehensive feasibility analysis of configured parameters before execution begins, including simulation of mechanical operations, resource utilization calculations, and performance predictions based on historical data and system capabilities. The system may incorporate machine learning algorithms that analyze protocol execution outcomes and user feedback to continuously improve parameter recommendations.

[0122] In an embodiment, settings interface 436 may be augmented with advanced parameter optimization capabilities that automatically adjust liquid handling settings based on real-time26 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTanalysis of liquid properties, environmental conditions, or equipment performance characteristics. The system may incorporate predictive maintenance integration that considers equipment condition, calibration status, and maintenance schedules when recommending protocol parameters or execution timing.

[0123] In an embodiment, liquid handling system 100 may be expanded with modular hardw are capabilities that enable dynamic reconfiguration of mechanical components, addition of specialized liquid handling tools, or integration of analytical instruments that extend the capabilities of the basic liquid transfer operations. The system may incorporate advanced sensor networks that provide continuous monitoring of liquid levels, equipment status, and environmental conditions throughout protocol execution. The sensor networks may include cameras that provide visual monitoring of liquid handling operations and enable real-time verification of pipette positioning and liquid transfer accuracy. Image sensors may capture detailed visual data about labware positioning, tip attachment status, and liquid meniscus levels within wells or containers. Time of flight sensors may provide precise distance measurements for accurate positioning of pipetting components and detection of labware presence or absence on the deck 106. Laser sensors may enable high-precision measurement of liquid levels, tip positioning, and mechanical component alignment during protocol execution. Ultrasonic sensors may provide non-contact liquid level detection and monitoring of container contents without requiring direct contact with samples or reagents. The sensor networks may also include pressure sensors that monitor pneumatic systems and detect blockages or leaks in liquid handling pathways, temperature sensors that track thermal conditions of samples and reagents, humidity sensors that monitor environmental moisture levels, vibration sensors that detect mechanical disturbances that could affect liquid handling accuracy, optical sensors that provide feedback about tip attachment and ejection operations, and proximity sensors that verify proper positioning of labware and mechanical components throughout the automated workflow.

[0124] FIG. 5 illustrates a method 500 for launch protocol creation, in accordance with one embodiment. The method 500 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired environment.

[0125] The method 500 begins with a launch protocol creation step 502 that initiates the protocol development process and provides the entry point for users to access protocol creation capabilities through the user interface 118. Following the launch protocol creation step 502, the method 500 proceeds to a step 504 where a decision is made whether to generate a quick transfer protocol. If the answer is no, the method 500 moves to a step 506 to select an existing27 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTprotocol from available stored protocols. If the answer is yes, the method 500 proceeds to a step 508 where another decision is made regarding automated protocol generation. In some examples, following step 512 the method 500 may move to step 514, however with selections prepopulated for selection based on information such as interactions with a large language model, voice input, input device such as touchscreen, or other such inputs. If automated protocol generation is selected through the yes branch from the step 508, the method 500 proceeds to a step 510 to launch an Al protocol module, followed by a step 512 to generate protocol based on input responses to queries. If automated protocol generation is not selected through the no branch from the step 508, the method 500 moves to a step 514 to select an existing protocol. Following the step 514, the method 500 proceeds through a sequence of manual configuration steps including a step 516 to confirm deck locations, a step 518 to select pipette, a step 520 to select tip rack, a step 522 to select source, a step 524 to select destination, and a step 526 to select volume. Both paths of the method 500 converge at a step 528 for command transfer using protocol, where the configured or selected protocol is executed through the liquid handling system 100. In some examples, at step 528 the protocol may be exported or saved for later execution rather than running the protocol immediately after protocol creation.

[0126] The components of the method 500 operate together to create a comprehensive protocol creation workflow that provides users with multiple pathways for developing transfer protocols through artificial intelligence assistance or manual configuration procedures. The launch protocol creation step 502 coordinates with the protocol module 216 to initialize the protocol development environment and prepare the interface module 222 to present appropriate user interface options based on available system capabilities and user preferences.

[0127] The method 500 relates to creating transfer protocols via displays in communication with modular robots used for liquid handling, where the transfer protocols represent nonroutine protocols that may be configured through multiple pathways including artificial intelligence assistance and manual parameter selection. The launch protocol creation step 502 provides the initial interface for protocol creation activities that enable users to access different protocol development approaches based on their expertise levels and operational requirements.

[0128] The launch protocol creation step 502 may implement comprehensive system initialization procedures that prepare the liquid handling system 100 for protocol creation activities while providing user authentication and access control capabilities. The launch protocol creation step 502 may include system status validation routines that verify the operational condition of the processor 204, memory 214, gantry 210, and robotic system 21228 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTbefore enabling protocol creation functionality.

[0129] The step 504 may implement intelligent decision logic that analyzes user requirements, available system resources, and protocol complexity to recommend appropriate protocol creation pathways while providing clear options for quick transfer protocol generation or existing protocol selection. The step 504 may include protocol complexity assessment algorithms that evaluate the intended liquid handling operations and suggest whether quick transfer protocol creation or more advanced protocol development approaches would be most appropriate.

[0130] The step 506 may provide comprehensive existing protocol selection capabilities that enable users to browse, search, and select from libraries of pre-stored protocols while implementing compatibility validation and modification options. The step 506 may include protocol search functionality that allows users to locate specific protocols through text-based queries, keyword searches, or filtering based on protocol characteristics.

[0131] The step 508 may implement sophisticated decision logic that evaluates user preferences, protocol complexity, and available artificial intelligence capabilities to guide users toward optimal protocol creation approaches. The step 508 may include user proficiency assessment systems that analyze user experience levels, training records, or historical protocol creation success rates to recommend appropriate protocol development methods.

[0132] The step 510 may coordinate with the artificial intelligence module 220 to initialize Al-driven protocol creation capabilities and prepare conversational interfaces for intelligent protocol development assistance. The step 510 may include Al system validation routines that verify the operational status of natural language processing capabilities, machine learning models, and knowledge databases that support intelligent protocol creation functionality.

[0133] The step 512 may implement comprehensive Al-driven protocol generation functionality that creates transfer protocols based on user responses to intelligent queries while providing real-time optimization and validation capabilities. The step 512 may include conversational query' generation systems that create contextual questions about liquid handling requirements, experimental objectives, and operational constraints to gather information needed for protocol creation.

[0134] The step 514 may provide existing protocol selection capabilities specifically within the manual protocol creation pathway, enabling users to choose from available protocol libraries as starting points for manual customization and modification. The step 514 may include protocol categorization systems that organize existing protocols based on application type, complexity level, or compatibility requirements. The step 514 may incorporate existing29 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTprotocol template functionality that provides pre-configured parameter sets which may limit or constrain the available options presented to users during subsequent configuration steps. The existing protocol templates may include predefined pipette selections, tip rack configurations, or labware arrangements that automatically filter the choices available in later steps of the protocol creation process. When a user selects an existing protocol template, the system may restrict the available pipette options to only those that are compatible with the template's predefined liquid handling requirements, thereby streamlining the selection process and reducing the likelihood of incompatible parameter combinations. The protocol templates may also include preset volume ranges that automatically configure minimum and maximum transfer volume limits for subsequent volume selection steps, ensuring that user inputs remain within the operational parameters established by the template design. The existing protocol templates may provide subset filtering for source and destination labware options, displaying only labware types that are validated for use with the template's specific liquid handling procedures. The step 514 may implement template-based parameter inheritance where selected existing protocols automatically populate default values for pipette settings, flow rates, tip management strategies, and other advanced parameters, while still allowing users to modify these inherited settings during subsequent configuration steps if needed.

[0135] The step 516 may implement deck location confirmation procedures that verify the physical arrangement of laboratory' equipment on the deck 106 and ensure compatibility with the selected or configured protocol parameters. The step 516 may include automated equipment detection systems that identify the type, position, and orientation of laboratory equipment placed on the cradle devices 108.

[0136] The step 518 may provide pipette selection capabilities that enable users to choose from available pipetting hardware while implementing compatibility validation and performance optimization recommendations. The step 518 may include automatic pipette detection systems that communicate with the robotic system 212 to identify the type, capacity, and configuration of pipettes currently installed.

[0137] The step 520 may implement tip rack selection functionality' that enables users to choose appropriate tip configurations while ensuring compatibility with selected pipetting hardware and protocol requirements. The step 520 may include intelligent tip rack filtering algorithms that automatically limit available tip rack options based on the pipetting hardware selected in the step 518.

[0138] The step 522 may provide source labware selection capabilities that enable users to specify containers for liquid aspiration while implementing compatibility validation and30 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCToptimization recommendations. The step 522 may include labware compatibility filtering algorithms that analyze the nozzle geometry and well overlap characteristics of the selected pipette configuration.

[0139] The step 524 may implement destination labware selection functionality that enables users to specify containers for liquid dispensing while ensuring compatibility with source labware selections and protocol requirements. The step 524 may include capacity validation algorithms that verify selected destination containers have sufficient volume capacity to accommodate the intended dispense volumes.

[0140] The step 526 may provide volume selection and validation capabilities that enable users to specify transfer amounts while implementing range checking and optimization recommendations based on system capabilities and protocol requirements. The step 526 may include volume range calculation systems that consider pipette capacity, tip capacity, and well capacity to determine minimum and maximum allowable transfer volumes.

[0141] The step 528 may coordinate with the control module 218 and robotic system 212 to execute the finalized protocol through the mechanical components of the liquid handling system 100 while providing real-time monitoring and perfomiance feedback. The step 528 may include final protocol validation routines that perform comprehensive checks of all configured parameters to ensure protocol feasibility., safety, and compatibility with the current system configuration.

[0142] In an embodiment, the method 500 may be enhanced with advanced machine learning capabilities that analyze user interaction patterns, protocol success rates, and operational outcomes to continuously improve the accuracy of decision tree recommendations and artificial intelligence assistance throughout the protocol creation process. The system may incorporate predictive analytics that anticipate user needs based on historical usage patterns, laboratory workflow analysis, or experimental context recognition.

[0143] In an embodiment, the decision tree structure of the method 500 may be augmented with adaptive branching logic that dynamically adjusts available options based on real-time assessment of user proficiency levels, system capabilities, and protocol complexity requirements. The system may incorporate collaborative protocol development features that enable multiple users to participate in different phases of the method 500.

[0144] In an embodiment, the artificial intelligence capabilities integrated throughout the method 500 may be expanded with advanced optimization algorithms that consider multiple performance objectives simultaneously, including liquid handling accuracy, cycle time minimization, resource utilization efficiency, and contamination control requirements. The31 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTsystem may incorporate predictive maintenance integration that considers equipment condition, calibration schedules, and component wear patterns when recommending protocol parameters.

[0145] FIG. 6 illustrates a computing system 600, in accordance with one embodiment. The computing system 600 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and / or subsequent Figures and / or description thereof, or in any desired environment.

[0146] The computing system 600 includes a baseboard 602 that sen es as the primary structural foundation and electrical interconnection platform for all system components. A processor 604 is mounted on the baseboard 602 and functions as the central processing unit that executes computational operations and coordinates system functionality. A chipset 606 connects to the processor 604 and provides communication pathways between the processor 604 and various system components. A memory module 608 connects to the chipset 606 and provides volatile storage for active program execution and data processing operations. A read only memory 610 connects to the chipset 606 and stores permanent system configuration data and boot instructions. A network controller 612 connects to the chipset 606 and manages communication with external network systems. A storage controller 614 connects to the chipset 606 and coordinates data transfer operations with storage devices. An input output controller 616 connects to the chipset 606 and manages communication with peripheral devices and sensors. A user interface module 618 connects to the baseboard 602 and provides interface capabilities for user interaction with the computing system 600. A liquid handling module 620 connects to the baseboard 602 and coordinates liquid handling operations and robotic control functions. A storage device 622 connects to the storage controller 614 and provides nonvolatile data storage capabilities. An operating system module 624 resides within the storage device 622 and manages system resources and application execution. A program module 626 resides within the storage device 622 and contains application software for liquid handling operations. An instructing device 628 connects to a network 630, which in turn connects to the network controller 612. A sensor module 632 connects to the input output controller 616 and provides environmental monitoring and system feedback capabilities.

[0147] The components of the computing system 600 operate together to create a comprehensive computational platform that supports automated liquid handling operations, protocol management, and user interface functionality through coordinated hardware and software integration. The baseboard 602 functions as the central interconnection hub that enables communication between the processor 604, chipset 606, and all connected system32 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTcomponents while providing mechanical support and electrical pathways for system operation.

[0148] The computing system 600 relates to computing systems that include one or more processors and one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform operations for creating transfer protocols via displays in communication with modular robots used for liquid handling operations. The processor 604 functions as the central computational element that executes stored instructions to coordinate protocol creation operations. The memory module 608 and storage device 622 serve as the memory devices that store instructions enabling the processor 604 to perform automated liquid handling operations.

[0149] The baseboard 602 may provide comprehensive structural and electrical integration capabilities that support the mounting and interconnection of all computing system 600 components while maintaining signal integrity and mechanical stability during liquid handling operations. The baseboard 602 may include multiple layers of electrical traces, power distribution networks, and signal routing pathways that enable high-speed communication between the processor 604, chipset 606, and connected peripheral components.

[0150] The processor 604 may include multiple processing cores, specialized computational units, or distributed processing capabilities that enable parallel execution of different system functions including user interface management, protocol validation, and real-time control of liquid handling operations. The processor 604 may incorporate dedicated signal processing units that handle real-time communication with the liquid handling module 620, floating-point processors for mathematical calculations related to volume computations and motion planning, or graphics processing units that support advanced user interface rendering and display management capabilities.

[0151] The chipset 606 may implement advanced communication protocols, data routing algorithms, and resource management capabilities that optimize the flow of information between the processor 604 and all connected system components. The chipset 606 may include dedicated communication channels for high-priority7data transfers, buffer memory7systems that prevent data loss during peak communication periods, or error correction capabilities that ensure data integrity during transmission between system components.

[0152] The memory module 608 may include high-speed volatile memory systems such as DDR4 or DDR5 RAM that provide rapid access to active protocol data, user interface information, and real-time operational parameters during liquid handling operations. The memory module 608 may implement error correction code capabilities that detect and correct memory errors to ensure data integrity during protocol execution phases.33 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

[0153] The read-only memory 610 may store system initialization code, hardware configuration parameters, and security credentials that enable the computing system 600 to boot properly and establish secure communication with connected liquid handling components. The read only memory 610 may include firmware updates, calibration data for liquid handling components, or emergency recovery' procedures that enable system restoration in the event of software corruption or system failures.

[0154] The network controller 612 may implement advanced networking protocols, security features, and communication management capabilities that enable secure and reliable communication with external laboratory' systems, remote monitoring platforms, or cloud-based protocol management services. The network controller 612 may include support for multiple network protocols such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi. or specialized laboratory communication standards.

[0155] The storage controller 614 may provide advanced data management capabilities including RAID support, data compression, and intelligent caching algorithms that optimize storage performance and data reliability' for protocol storage and system operation. The storage controller 614 may coordinate with the storage device 622 to implement a database schema with a protocol kind field to distinguish between standard and quick-transfer protocols, with quick-transfer protocols limited to 20 maximum stored protocols on the system.

[0156] The input output controller 616 may manage communication with diverse peripheral devices, sensor systems, and external interfaces that support liquid handling operations and system monitoring capabilities. The input output controller 616 may include support for multiple communication protocols such as USB, serial interfaces, or specialized laboratory equipment communication standards.

[0157] The user interface module 618 may provide comprehensive user interaction capabilities including touch screen interfaces, display management, and input processing that enable users to create transfer protocols directly through integrated display systems. The user interface module 618 may implement advanced graphics rendering capabilities that support high-resolution displays, multi-touch gesture recognition, or voice command processing that enhance user interaction with protocol creation interfaces.

[0158] The liquid handling module 620 may provide specialized control and coordination capabilities for robotic liquid handling operations, including motion control, sensor integration, and real-time feedback processing that enable precise automated liquid transfer procedures. The liquid handling module 620 may include dedicated processing capabilities for real-time motion planning, trajectory optimization, or collision avoidance algorithms that ensure safe and accurate robotic operations during protocol execution.34 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

[0159] The storage device 622 may provide high-capacity, high-reliability data storage capabilities that support protocol libraries, system configuration data, operational logs, and user information through advanced storage technologies and data management systems. The storage device 622 may include solid-state drive technology that provides rapid data access times, mechanical shock resistance, and low power consumption suitable for laboratory environments.

[0160] The operating system module 624 may provide comprehensive system resource management, device driver support, and application execution environments that enable coordinated operation of all computing system 600 components and software applications. The operating system module 624 may include real-time operating system capabilities that ensure deterministic response times for liquid handling control operations.

[0161] The program module 626 may contain specialized software applications, protocol creation tools, and liquid handling control algorithms that implement the core functionality of the automated liquid handling system through coordinated software and hardware integration. The program module 626 may include artificial intelligence algorithms that provide conversational protocol creation interfaces, machine learning models that optimize liquid handling parameters based on historical data, or predictive analytics capabilities that anticipate maintenance requirements or operational issues.

[0162] The instructing device 628 may provide external control and monitoring capabilities that enable remote access to liquid handling system functions, protocol management operations, or system status monitoring through secure network communication channels. The instructing device 628 may include tablet computers, desktop workstations, or mobile devices that provide alternative user interfaces for protocol creation, system configuration, or operational monitoring.

[0163] The network 630 may provide a comprehensive communication infrastructure that enables data exchange between the computing system 600 and external devices, systems, or sendees through various networking technologies and communication protocols. The network 630 may include local area network capabilities that connect multiple liquid handling systems within a laboratory environment, wide area network connections that enable remote monitoring and control from external locations, or cloud service integration that provides access to advanced computational resources or data storage capabilities.

[0164] The sensor module 632 may provide comprehensive environmental monitoring and system feedback capabilities that support adaptive control of liquid handling operations and ensure optimal performance under varying laboratory conditions. The sensor module 632 may35 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTinclude temperature sensors that monitor ambient conditions and liquid temperatures, humidity sensors that track environmental moisture levels, or air quality monitors that detect chemical vapors or contamination that could affect liquid handling accuracy or safety. The sensor module 632 may include sensor networks or sensor components such as cameras, time-of-flight sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lidar sensors, physical switches, and other such sensors. The sensor networks may include cameras that provide visual monitoring of liquid handling operations and enable real-time verification of pipette positioning and liquid transfer accuracy. Image sensors may capture detailed visual data about labware positioning, tip attachment status, and liquid meniscus levels within wells or containers. Time of flight sensors may provide precise distance measurements for accurate positioning of pipetting components and detection of labware presence or absence on the deck 106. Laser sensors may enable high-precision measurement of liquid levels, tip positioning, and mechanical component alignment during protocol execution. Ultrasonic sensors may provide non-contact liquid level detection and monitoring of container contents without requiring direct contact with samples or reagents. The sensor networks may also include pressure sensors that monitor pneumatic systems and detect blockages or leaks in liquid handling pathways, temperature sensors that track thermal conditions of samples and reagents, humidity sensors that monitor environmental moisture levels, vibration sensors that detect mechanical disturbances that could affect liquid handling accuracy, optical sensors that provide feedback about tip attachment and ejection operations, and proximity sensors that verify proper positioning of labware and mechanical components throughout the automated workflow.

[0165] In an embodiment, the computing system 600 may be enhanced with distributed computing capabilities that enable multiple processor 604 units to work in parallel for complex protocol execution, real-time system monitoring, and advanced data analysis operations. The system may incorporate cloud connectivity features that allow the processor 604 to access remote computational resources, protocol databases, or artificial intelligence sendees.

[0166] In an embodiment, the storage device 622 and storage controller 614 may be augmented with advanced data management capabilities including automated protocol archiving systems that manage long-term storage of historical protocols and operational data, intelligent data compression algorithms that optimize storage utilization without compromising data integrity, or distributed storage systems that provide redundancy and improved access performance.

[0167] In an embodiment, the user interface module 618 and liquid handling module 620 may be integrated with advanced artificial intelligence capabilities that provide predictive protocol36 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCToptimization, automated troubleshooting assistance, or intelligent resource management that continuously improves system performance based on usage patterns and operational outcomes. The system may incorporate augmented reality capabilities that overlay digital information onto physical laboratory equipment through advanced display technologies.

[0168] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the presently described systems and methods. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.EXAMPLE CLAUSES

[0169] The following paragraphs are provided to illustrate various aspects of the present disclosure:

[0170] A. A method comprising steps of: creating a transfer protocol via a display in communication with a modular robot used for liquid handling, the transfer protocol being a non-routine protocol, creating the transfer protocol including steps of: receiving confirmation that a deck configuration of the modular robot is arranged consistent with the transfer protocol being created, and receiving settings input from the display, as entered by a user, the settings input for execution of the transfer protocol, and the user selecting the settings input from listed options on the display, wherein the settings input includes user responses to displayed inquiries including one or more of: selecting a pipette from a list of available pipettes, selecting a tip rack from a list of available tip racks, selecting a source labware from a list of available source labwares, the list of available source labwares being displayed including at least one source labware that is compatible with the pipette as selected, selecting one or more source w ells, selecting a destination labware from a list of available destination labwares, selecting one or more destination wells, and setting a transfer volume amount.

[0171] B. The method of claim A, wherein the settings input further includes one or more of: aspirate flow rate, dispense flow rate, pipette path selection, tip position settings, pre-w et tip settings, mix settings, delay settings, touch tip settings, air gap settings, and blowout settings.

[0172] C. The method of claim A or B, further comprising a step of executing, using the modular robot and in response to a user input, the transfer protocol.

[0173] D. The method of any of claims A-C, wherein receiving the settings input includes receiving one or more inputs at the display in response to one or more interactions of a user with an artificial intelligence interface configured to determine the settings input in response to generated queries by the artificial intelligence interface.37 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

[0174] E. The method of any of claims A-D, further comprising a step of providing a touch sensitive display screen for the display.

[0175] F. The method of any of claims A-E, further comprising steps of: storing the transfer protocol on the modular robot; and generating a run log for the transfer protocol when executed.

[0176] G. The method of claim F, wherein the transfer protocol is stored as a quick transfer protocol type that is limited to a maximum count of twenty protocols on the modular robot.

[0177] H. A computing system comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform operations including: creating a transfer protocol via a display in communication with a modular robot used for liquid handling, the transfer protocol being a non-routine protocol, creating the transfer protocol including: receiving confirmation that a deck configuration of the modular robot is arranged consistent with the transfer protocol being created, and receiving settings input from the display, as entered by a user, the settings input for execution of the transfer protocol, the user selecting the settings input from listed options on the display, wherein the settings input includes user responses to displayed inquiries including one or more of: selecting a pipette from a list of available pipettes, selecting a tip rack from a list of available tip racks, selecting a source labware from a list of available source labwares, the list of available source labwares being displayed including at least one source labware that is compatible with the pipette as selected, selecting one or more source wells, selecting a destination labware from a list of available destination labwares, selecting one or more destination wells, and setting a transfer volume amount.

[0178] I. The computing sy stem of claim H, wherein the operations further include executing, using the modular robot and in response to a user input, the transfer protocol.

[0179] J. The computing system of claim H or I, wherein receiving the settings input includes receiving one or more inputs at the display in response to one or more interactions of a user with an artificial intelligence interface configured to determine the settings input in response to generated queries by the artificial intelligence interface.

[0180] K. The computing system of any of claims H-J. wherein the operations further include providing a touch sensitive display screen for the display.

[0181] L. The computing system of any of claims H-K, wherein the operations further include: storing the transfer protocol on the modular robot, and generating a run log for the transfer protocol when executed.

[0182] M. The computing system of claim L, herein the transfer protocol is stored as a quick38 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTtransfer protocol type that is limited to a maximum count of twenty' protocols on the modular robot.

[0183] N. The computing system of any of claims H-M, wherein the operations further include providing options for the user to select to generate a quick protocol using the display or select from a pre-stored quick protocol.

[0184] O. The computing system of claim N, wherein the pre-stored quick protocol may be edited by the user through a display interface of the modular robot before execution.

[0185] P. The computing system of any of claims H-O, wherein the operations further include providing options for the user to generate the transfer protocol manually or using an artificial intelligence assistant.

[0186] Q. The computing system of claim P, wherein the artificial intelligence assistant provides guided prompts to assist the user in configuring transfer protocol parameters.

[0187] R. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising steps of creating a transfer protocol via a display in communication with a modular robot used for liquid handling, the transfer protocol being a non-routine protocol, the step of creating the transfer protocol including steps of: receiving confirmation that a deck configuration of the modular robot is arranged consistent with the transfer protocol being created, and receiving settings input from the display, as entered by a user, the settings input for execution of the transfer protocol, the user selecting the settings input from listed options on the display, wherein the settings input includes user responses to displayed inquiries including one or more of: selecting a pipette from a list of available pipettes, selecting a tip rack from a list of available tip racks, selecting a source labware from a list of available source labwares, the list of available source labwares being displayed including at least one source labware that is compatible with the pipette as selected, selecting one or more source wells, selecting a destination labware from a list of available destination labwares, selecting one or more destination wells, and setting a transfer volume amount.

[0188] S. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim R, wherein the method further comprises executing, using the modular robot and in response to a user input, the transfer protocol.

[0189] T. The non-transitory7computer-readable medium of claim R or S, wherein receiving the settings input includes receiving one or more inputs at the display in response to one or more interactions of a user w ith an artificial intelligence interface configured to determine the settings input in response to generated queries by the artificial intelligence interface.39 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method comprising steps of: creating a transfer protocol via a display in communication with a modular robot used for liquid handling, the transfer protocol being a non-routine protocol, creating the transfer protocol including steps of: receiving confirmation that a deck configuration of the modular robot is arranged consistent with the transfer protocol being created, and receiving settings input from the display, as entered by a user, the settings input for execution of the transfer protocol, and the user selecting the settings input from listed options on the display, wherein the settings input includes user responses to displayed inquiries including one or more of: selecting a pipette from a list of available pipettes. selecting a tip rack from a list of available tip racks, selecting a source labware from a list of available source labwares, the list of available source labwares being displayed including at least one source labware that is compatible with the pipette as selected, selecting one or more source wells, selecting a destination labware from a list of available destination labwares, selecting one or more destination wells, and setting a transfer volume amount.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the settings input further includes one or more of: aspirate flow rate, dispense flow rate, pipette path selection, tip position settings, pre-wet tip settings, mix settings, delay settings, touch tip settings, air gap settings, and40 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTblowout settings.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of executing, using the modular robot and in response to a user input, the transfer protocol.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the settings input includes receiving one or more inputs at the display in response to one or more interactions of a user with an artificial intelligence interface configured to determine the settings input in response to generated queries by the artificial intelligence interface.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection of the settings input is accomplished through an artificial intelligence chatbot and / or large language model configured to guide the user through the protocol creation process.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the artificial intelligence chatbot and / or large language model receives voice input from the user through a voice communication system while displaying a visual representation of the protocol creation process on a screen of the modular robot.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of storing the transfer protocol on the modular robot.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of generating a run log for the transfer protocol when executed.

9. A computing system comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform operations including: creating atransfer protocol via a display in communication with a modular robot used for liquid handling, the transfer protocol being a non-routine protocol, creating the transfer protocol including: receiving confirmation that a deck configuration of the modular robot is arranged consistent with the transfer protocol being created, and41 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCTreceiving settings input from the display, as entered by a user, the settings input for execution of the transfer protocol, the user selecting the settings input from listed options on the display, wherein the settings input includes user responses to displayed inquiries including one or more of: selecting a pipette from a list of available pipettes, selecting a tip rack from a list of available tip racks, selecting a source labware from a list of available source labwares, the list of available source labwares being displayed including at least one source labware that is compatible with the pipette as selected, selecting one or more source wells, selecting a destination labware from a list of available destination labwares, selecting one or more destination wells, and setting a transfer volume amount.

10. The computing system of claim 9, wherein the operations further include executing, using the modular robot and in response to a user input, the transfer protocol.

11. The computing system of claim 9, wherein receiving the settings input includes receiving one or more inputs at the display in response to one or more interactions of a user with an artificial intelligence interface configured to determine the settings input in response to generated queries by the artificial intelligence interface.

12. The computing system of claim 9, wherein the operations further include: storing the transfer protocol on the modular robot, and generating a run log for the transfer protocol when executed.

13. The computing system of claim 12, wherein the transfer protocol is stored as a quick transfer protocol type that is limited to a maximum count of twenty protocols on the modular robot.

14. The computing system of claim 9, wherein the operations further include providing options for the user to select to generate a quick protocol using the display or select from a prestored quick protocol.42 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT15. The computing system of claim 14, wherein the pre-stored quick protocol may be edited by the user through a display interface of the modular robot before execution.

16. The computing system of claim 9, wherein the operations further include providing options for the user to generate the transfer protocol manually or using an artificial intelligence assistant.

17. The computing system of claim 16, wherein the artificial intelligence assistant provides guided prompts to assist the user in configuring transfer protocol parameters.

18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising steps of: creating a transfer protocol via a display in communication with a modular robot used for liquid handling, the transfer protocol being a non-routine protocol, the step of creating the transfer protocol including steps of: receiving confirmation that a deck configuration of the modular robot is arranged consistent with the transfer protocol being created, and receiving settings input from the display, as entered by a user, the settings input for execution of the transfer protocol, the user selecting the settings input from listed options on the display, wherein the settings input includes user responses to displayed inquiries including one or more of: selecting a pipette from a list of available pipettes, selecting a tip rack from a list of available tip racks, selecting a source labware from a list of available source labwares, the list of available source lab wares being displayed including at least one source labware that is compatible with the pipette as selected, selecting one or more source wells, selecting a destination labware from a list of available destination labwares, selecting one or more destination wells, and setting a transfer volume amount.43 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the method further comprises executing, using the modular robot and in response to a user input, the transfer protocol.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein receiving the settings input includes receiving one or more inputs at the display in response to one or more interactions of a user with an artificial intelligence interface configured to determine the settings input in response to generated queries by the artificial intelligence interface.44 Atty Docket No. 0082-6001 PCT

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