Optical device

Abstract

An optical device (10) is proposed, comprising a first optical element (20), a second optical element (30) and at least one first integrally bonded layer (40) which is arranged between the first optical element (20) and the second optical element (30) and which contacts at least the first optical element (20) or at least the second optical element (30), wherein the first integrally bonded layer (40), along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or of the second optical element (30), is differently designed in its thickness, which extends parallel to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or of the second optical element (30), such that the surfaces of the first optical element (20) and / or the surfaces of the second optical element (30) each have a predefined shape and / or position at a thermal expansion and / or at a thermal contraction of the first integrally bonded layer (40), the first optical element (20) and the second optical element (30) within a predefined operating temperature range.

Description

[0001] 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0002] 1

[0003] optical device

[0004] Description

[0005] The invention relates to an optical device comprising a first optical element and a second optical element.

[0006] State of the art

[0007] According to the state of the art, predominantly materially bonded optical elements have a permissible difference in the coefficients of thermal linear expansion limited by thermally induced deformation and the associated change in optical performance, especially with a large diameter-to-thickness ratio of the optical elements or lenses.

[0008] For this reason, it is not possible in the prior art to reliably bond, for example, plastic lenses to glass lenses with good optical properties. Lenses with large differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion cannot be reliably bonded together with minimal deformation according to the prior art. Therefore, with changing temperatures, e.g., within an operating temperature range or a predetermined operating temperature range, e.g., from -10 °C to +50 °C, the imaging performance of an optical device with two lenses changes or deteriorates, and / or the reliability of the adhesive bond is compromised by the changing temperature.

[0009] Disclosure of the invention

[0010] The invention is based on the objective of providing an optical device comprising a first optical element and a second optical element, in which the first optical element and the second optical element are connected by means of a material bonding layer and which is described in 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0011] 2

[0012] exhibiting stable optical properties despite temperature changes and stable mechanical strength.

[0013] This problem is solved by an optical device according to claim 1.

[0014] In particular, the problem is solved by an optical device comprising a first optical element, a second optical element, and at least one first interlocking layer arranged between the first optical element and the second optical element, and which contacts at least the first optical element or at least the second optical element, wherein the first interlocking layer is designed with varying thicknesses along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, and parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, such that the surfaces of the first optical element and / or the surfaces of the second optical element are exposed to thermal expansion and / or contraction of the first interlocking layer.The first optical element and the second optical element each have a predetermined shape and / or position within a specified operating temperature range.

[0015] One advantage of this design is that the first optical element, the second optical element, and the first bonding layer are deformed in a controlled manner during temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range. Undesired deformation is largely avoided. Furthermore, the optical device can maintain essentially constant optical properties and refractive characteristics during temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range. In addition, the mechanical strength of the optical device remains essentially stable under temperature changes. Delamination or separation of the first bonding layer from one of the optical elements, or of the first and / or second optical element from the other, is reliably prevented within the specified operating temperature range. This also applies to frequent temperature changes. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0016] 3

[0017] Temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range do not significantly affect the mechanical strength and optical performance of the optical device. In particular, even with large differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the first and second optical elements (which, according to the prior art, would have prevented bonding), the present invention ensures that the optical properties of the optical device remain essentially unchanged or deteriorate under temperature variations within the specified operating temperature range. Thus, for example, optical elements with a coefficient of thermal expansion multiplied by the radius of the respective optical element exceeding 0.1 pm / K or 0.125 pm / K can be bonded together to form an optical device that remains functional and reliable under temperature variations.This also means that even with a large diameter-to-thickness ratio of the optical elements, they are, or can be, securely bonded together. The (desired) shape of the optical device or the surfaces of the two optical elements, depending on the temperature, can be determined or defined through optimization, for example, based on numerical simulations, and the first bonding layer can be designed accordingly. A further advantage is that predetermined, specific temperature-dependent properties and / or shapes and / or relative positions of the surfaces of the optical elements at a predetermined temperature or within a predetermined temperature range or within the specified operating temperature range (e.g., -10 °C to +50 °C) can be specifically set by the design of the connection between the optical elements, i.e., the shape and / or the properties of the first bonding layer.In this way, the optical effect of the optical device can be adjusted, set, or selectively modified at a predetermined temperature or temperature change, for example, by heating and / or cooling elements. This can mean, in particular, that the shape and / or relative positions of the surfaces of the optical elements can be changed by selective heating and / or cooling. In this way, the optical effects of the optical device can be actively and selectively modified. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0018] 4

[0019] The invention also aims to provide a method for manufacturing an optical device comprising a first optical element and a second optical element, in which the first optical element and the second optical element are connected by means of a material bonding layer and which exhibit stable optical properties and stable mechanical strength under temperature changes within a predetermined operating temperature range.

[0020] This problem is solved by a method according to claim 15.

[0021] In particular, the problem is solved by a method for manufacturing an optical device comprising a first optical element and a second optical element, wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing the first optical element; providing the second optical element;and applying a first bonding layer to the first optical element and / or to the second optical element and connecting the first optical element to the second optical element such that the first bonding layer is designed with varying thicknesses along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, and parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, such that the surfaces of the first optical element and / or the surfaces of the second optical element each have a predetermined shape and / or relative position during thermal expansion and / or thermal contraction of the first bonding layer, the first optical element and the second optical element within a predetermined operating temperature range.

[0022] The advantage of this is that an optical device can be manufactured that exhibits stable mechanical strength under temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range. Furthermore, it is possible for the manufactured optical device to maintain essentially constant optical properties under temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range. However, it is also conceivable that specified temperature-dependent properties or 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0023] 5

[0024] The shapes and / or relative positions of the surfaces of the optical elements can be specifically adjusted through the design of the connection. In this way, the optical effect of the optical device can be adjusted at a given temperature or within a given operating temperature range, for example, using heating and / or cooling elements. This means that the shape and / or relative position of the surfaces of the optical elements can be changed by targeted heating or cooling, thereby actively altering the optical effect of the optical device. Furthermore, this method allows for...

[0025] Optical elements with significant differences in their respective coefficients of thermal expansion are joined together in a material-bonded manner, particularly to form a reliable optical device.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the bonding layer comprises or consists of adhesive. The advantage of this is that the first optical device can be connected directly to the second optical device in a technically simple and cost-effective manner using the first bonding layer.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the thickness of the first bonding layer is varied along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element such that, within the specified operating temperature range, the thermal expansion and / or contraction of the first bonding layer, the first optical element, and the second optical element is, in sum, substantially uniform in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, at least section by section. In other words, each section corresponds to a surface region extending along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and having a specific shape in a cross-sectional view. The respective section can be...The individual sections can be defined in a way that depends on a task and / or requirements for the optical device. For example, 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0028] 6. Two sections in the optical device can be defined such that they correspond to a central area around the optical axis and a peripheral / edge area outside the central area. The advantage of this is that, due to thermal expansion or contraction, the shape of the surfaces of the optical elements and / or their orientation relative to each other does not change, at least in certain sections. This means that the first bonding layer, the first optical element, and the second optical element, or the optical device as a whole, expand or contract uniformly, at least in certain sections, with temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range.In particular, this can mean that at a first distance from the optical axis, the sum of the thermal expansions and / or thermal contractions of the first bonding layer, the first optical element and the second optical element (in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element) has a first value, and at a second distance from the optical axis (which differs from the first distance) along the same direction, the sum of the thermal expansions and / or thermal contractions of the first bonding layer, the first optical element and the second optical element (in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element) has a second value, wherein the first value and the second value are essentially the same (especially if the first and second distances are within the same region or section).Consequently, the thickness (where the thickness runs parallel to the optical axis of the first and / or second optical element) of the optical device increases essentially uniformly with increasing temperature. This minimizes temperature-dependent changes in the optical effect. It also counteracts bending of optical elements during temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range. Furthermore, the mechanical stress on the first bonding layer during temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range is reduced or minimized, for example, by designing the bonding layer or adhesive layer to be thicker in areas of high differential strain of the optical elements, thus reducing local strain in the bonding layer. Therefore, the optical device in 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO) exhibits this characteristic.

[0029] 7

[0030] Essentially constant (i.e., temperature-independent) optical properties and high stability of mechanical strength under temperature changes are achieved. It is possible that the first interlayer is designed such that a smaller, specifically minimized change in slope and curvature occurs in a central surface area or a central area of ​​the first optical element and / or the second optical element and / or the first interlayer than within a defined edge / boundary area. This applies particularly to the outer surfaces of the optical device or optical elements adjacent to the surrounding medium, e.g., air. In this way, the differences in the temperature-dependent material properties of the first and second optical elements of the optical device can be at least partially compensated, if necessary. This is particularly advantageous for mirror surfaces as optical elements.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the thermal expansion and / or contraction of the first bonded layer, the first optical element, and the second optical element within the specified operating temperature range is not uniform in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, but at least sectionally along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. This means that the surface orientation of a surface of the first optical element facing away from the second optical element and / or the surface orientation of a surface of the second optical element facing away from the first optical element changes in a controlled manner when the temperature of the first bonded layer, the first optical element, and / or the second optical element changes. This allows, for example, a controlled tilting or...Changes in the orientation of surfaces of the first optical element and / or the second optical element can be achieved. In particular, this can mean that at a first distance from the optical axis, the sum of the thermal expansions and / or thermal contractions of the first interfacial layer, the first optical element, and the second optical element (in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element) has a first value, and at a second distance from the optical axis (which differs from the first distance), the sum of the thermal 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0032] 8

[0033] Expansions and / or thermal contractions of the first bonding layer, the first optical element, and the second optical element (in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the first and / or the second optical element) exhibit a second value, where the first and second values ​​are of different magnitudes, particularly even if the first and second distances are in the same section / area. It is also conceivable that the sum of the thermal expansion and / or thermal contractions of the first bonding layer, the first optical element, and the second optical element in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the first and / or the second optical element is at least partially, section by section, or in certain sections not rotationally symmetric to the optical axis.Even while maintaining rotational symmetry about the optical axis, a targeted temperature-dependent change in shape, for example of the surfaces of the optical device adjacent to air, can be used to at least partially compensate for temperature-dependent material properties of the optical elements that have an optically significant effect, in particular the optical refractive index and refractive index dispersion (athermal achromat or apochromat).

[0034] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the thickness of the first interlayer, relative to a point where the first interlayer has its smallest thickness, increases with increasing distance from the point in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, in particular increasing continuously, preferably non-linearly. The advantage of this is that an optical device with a more complex optical design can be manufactured technically simply and cost-effectively by designing the first interlayer without additional optical elements.It is also possible that the thickness of the first interlayer, relative to a point where the first interlayer has its greatest thickness, decreases with increasing distance in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, in particular decreasing continuously, preferably non-linearly. Here too, an optical device with a complex optical design can advantageously be manufactured in a technically simple and cost-effective manner. The sign of the curvature of the surface of the respective optical element can be determined by reference to 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0035] 9 decide on the temperature-dependent direction of the bending of the optical elements, which compensates for the bending due to the differential expansion of the optical elements.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the first optical element comprises or is a plastic lens and / or the second optical element comprises or is a glass lens. The advantage of this is that the optical properties of a plastic lens and a glass lens can be effectively combined in the optical device with mechanical stability in the event of temperature changes (especially within the operating temperature range). Furthermore, the optical device can exhibit particularly advantageous optical properties, such as refractive indices and dispersions not available with optical devices made solely of glass, and / or improved mechanical properties, such as high impact strength and low weight. In addition, plastic optics can be manufactured using advantageous processes, such as injection molding.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the optical device further comprises a second bonding layer that directly contacts the first optical element or that directly contacts the second optical element, wherein the second bonding layer is arranged between the first bonding layer and the first optical element or between the first bonding layer and the second optical element, wherein the second bonding layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of the first bonding layer, wherein, in particular, the difference is at least 10% of the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first bonding layer. An advantage of this is that additional degrees of freedom with respect to the design are possible.The design and / or existing properties of the optical device are present because two or more interlocking layers arranged between the first and second optical elements may have different properties. For example, the two or more interlocking layers may have different coefficients of thermal expansion relative to each other, resulting in a graduated gradient of thermal expansion coefficients, as described in 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0038] 10. The second material bonding layer, like the first material bonding layer, can have a different thickness along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, which runs parallel to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the second optical element.It is conceivable that the first and second interlayers are designed differently in their thickness along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first and / or second optical element, and parallel to the optical axis of the first and / or second optical element, such that the surfaces of the first and / or second optical element exhibit a predetermined shape and / or position during thermal expansion and / or contraction of the first and second interlayers, the first and second optical elements, and the second optical element within the specified operating temperature range. It is possible that the coefficients of thermal expansion of the interlayers exhibit a gradient from the first to the second optical element.The value of the gradient of the coefficient of thermal expansion from the first optical element to the second optical element can increase, or increase or decrease section by section, or decrease or vary (in sections along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis). Sectional increase or variation can be understood as a change in the sign of the gradient of the coefficient of thermal expansion; that is, it first increases and then decreases in one bonding layer, only to increase or decrease again in another bonding layer. In other words, a discrete or continuous gradient of the coefficient of thermal expansion can be achieved by using bonding layers with different coefficients of thermal expansion. The second bonding layer can be an adhesive layer or include an adhesive layer, similar to the first bonding layer.

[0039] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the refractive index and / or the refractive index dispersion of the first bonding layer is adapted to the first optical element and / or to the second optical element. This results in the following at the interface(s) between the first bonding layer and the first optical element: 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0040] 11 and / or the second optical element essentially experience no refraction. This allows the optical device to be designed with particular simplicity, as the refraction through the first bonding layer does not need to be considered in the design of the first and / or second optical element. This is especially advantageous when using a polymer optic as the first or second optical element if it is bonded to a glass optic, because the temperature-dependent optical material properties can be best matched between the bonding layer or adhesive and the polymer optic.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the first bonding layer has a temperature-dependent refractive index and / or refractive index dispersion that differs from that of the first and / or second optical element. In this way, the first bonding layer acts as a lens, in particular as a polymer lens. This allows the optical device to be designed as an athermal achromat or apochromat, especially in combination with a specifically optimized, temperature-dependent change in surface slopes and curvatures.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the first interlayer contains an additive for modifying its optical, mechanical, and / or chemical properties, in particular its refractive index, refractive index dispersion, stiffness, thermal expansion and / or contraction, polymerization, and / or polymerization shrinkage. This allows the thermal expansion and contraction of the first interlayer to be precisely controlled under temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range. Furthermore, the other properties of the optical device can be specifically modified or adjusted by designing the first interlayer without altering the first and / or second optical elements. In particular, the stiffness of the optical device, which may be temperature-dependent, can be adjusted accordingly.2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0043] 12

[0044] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the stiffness of the first bonded layer exhibits a gradient in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first and / or second optical element. The advantage of this is that there is a gradient, or increase in stiffness, from the edge of the optical device to the center or a thermal expansion center; that is, the bonded layer exhibits, for example, low stiffness at the edge and high stiffness at the thermal expansion center. The high stiffness at the thermal expansion center means that, in the aforementioned areas, there are essentially no positional and / or shape changes of the optical elements during a temperature increase within the specified operating temperature range. Due to the stiffness gradient from the edge of the optical device towards the thermal expansion center, or...The decrease in stiffness from the thermal expansion center to the edge of the optical device simultaneously ensures that the high stiffness in the thermal expansion center does not negatively affect the optical performance of the optical device.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the first and second interlayer layers have different refractive indices, particularly wavelength-dependent and / or temperature-dependent ones. The advantage of this is that the refractive effect of the optical device can be precisely adjusted or selectively modified by the design of the first and / or second interlayer layers. Furthermore, the optical device can be made of a uniform thickness with improved aberration correction.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the first and second bonding layers are designed and arranged such that an interface between the first and second bonding layers is at least partially stepped. An advantage of this is that an additional optical effect can be integrated into the optical device with a small component thickness; for example, Fresnel lenses, metalenses, and / or diffraction gratings can be incorporated into the first layer. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0047] 13

[0048] The fabric bonding layer and / or can be integrated into the second fabric bonding layer and / or into the surface in between.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the point where the first interlayer has its smallest thickness is not located on the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the optical axis of the second optical element. The advantage of this is that the temperature-dependent deformation correction can be adapted to the contour of the optical elements if the contour is not symmetrical to the optical axis and / or not centered on it. It is also conceivable that the point where the first interlayer has its greatest thickness is not located on the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the optical axis of the second optical element.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the first bonding layer is designed and arranged such that incident light is refracted through it. An advantage of this is that the bonding layer can comprise one or more lenses. Furthermore, the optical device offers additional degrees of freedom with regard to its design and layout, particularly concerning athermalization and achromatism. In the prior art, this would require additional optics or restrict the choice of materials. This also applies in the prior art if, for example, the adhesive is matched to one of the optical elements in terms of its refractive index and refractive index dispersion. In such cases, the adhesive, due to its thermal expansion differential, would still exhibit a detrimental, temperature-dependent deformation.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the method, in the step of applying the first bonding layer, the first bonding layer is produced at least partially, and in particular completely, by a formative process, especially from a liquid state. This can be carried out, for example, by injection molding or additive polymerization processes (FDM or SLA, etc.). The formed bonding layer can then be bonded to the adherents (first optical element and second optical element) using the same adhesive material. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0052] 14. The advantage of this is that the production of the optical device or the first bonding layer of the optical device can be carried out with particular flexibility, precision, and detail, especially with comparatively large local distances or adhesive gaps, for example, distances greater than 250 pm. Surface shape deviations and / or the surface roughness of the preformed part of the bonding layer are not optically relevant, since the preformed bonding layer can be bonded to the adherents, e.g., the first and second optical elements, with the same adhesive, thus forming the effective bonding layer.

[0053] The center of thermal expansion can be, in particular, the point where the first interfacial layer has its thinnest thickness. It is also conceivable that the center of thermal expansion is the point where the first interfacial layer has its greatest thickness.

[0054] The statements made above regarding the first bonding layer also apply mutatis mutandis to the second bonding layer and any further bonding layers or adhesive layers if the optical device has such further layers.

[0055] An optical element can be, in particular, a component or element that shapes, controls, manipulates, or alters electromagnetic radiation, especially light rays, and / or changes its direction of propagation. For example, the optical element can comprise a lens, a mirror or a mirror substrate, a prism, and / or a filter. The optical element can be optically active, for example, a laser amplifier medium, or it can modify the properties of (visible or invisible) light. Preferably, the first optical element can comprise or be a first lens. Preferably, the second optical element can comprise or be a second lens. It is also conceivable that the optical element comprises or is a light guide or waveguide, especially made of glass. (See 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO))

[0056] 15 also that the optical element (fully or partially transparent) glass or

[0057] Glass substrate includes or is.

[0058] The first bonding layer can completely or partially cover the surface of the first optical element facing the second optical element. Similarly, the first bonding layer can completely or partially cover the surface of the second optical element facing the first optical element.

[0059] The present invention enables the temperature sensitivity of the optical device to be reduced. This applies particularly to temperature changes within an operating temperature range or a predetermined operating temperature range, e.g., from -10 °C to +50 °C. The temperature sensitivity can be reduced, in particular, by minimizing undesirable temperature-dependent properties of the optical device, such as changes in mechanical stability and / or optical properties in the event of a temperature change.

[0060] The optical device can be, for example, a refractive optical device, a reflective optical device, or a diffractive optical device.

[0061] The optical device can be a mirror. In this optical device, the mirror substrate can be divided into two parts: the first and second optical elements. The reflective coating (e.g., a dielectric multi-layer mirror or an aluminum layer) is applied to one of the optical elements. The mirror can also be partially transparent.

[0062] The optical device can be part of an interferometer, e.g., in optical resonators (temperature-stable mode shape and efficiency / mode overlap (transverse and longitudinal), etc.) or in interferometers for metrological applications (e.g., in Mach, Zehnder, Michelson, Twyman-Green, Fabry-Perot, and Fizeau interferometers). In this 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0063] 16

[0064] In this case, the temperature sensitivity of the interferometer can be reduced. The invention can also reduce the temperature sensitivity of a spectrometer (for example, in Herriott cells, dual-comb FT spectrometers, grating or prism spectrometers, etc.).

[0065] The invention can be used in or with high-power lasers, for example in slab or disk laser systems, e.g., to improve beam quality, resonator stability, and / or to overcome current power limitations. The optical device can be used for mirrors for beam guidance and / or beam shaping of high-power CO2 lasers, particularly as part of an EUV (extreme ultraviolet) source. Generally speaking, the optical device can be used for optical systems with high optical fluxes.

[0066] The optical device can be used for the passive compensation of temperature-dependent shape changes and thermal lensing effects in lithography optics. The optical device can also be used in gravitational wave detectors (e.g., LIGO), lasers for nuclear fusion reactors (e.g., LLNL NIF), or table-top XUV / X-ray sources (e.g., enhancement cavities), etc.

[0067] The optical device can also be used in or for telescopes, for example for laser free-beam communication (e.g. satellite up / downlink) or for remote sensing (pointing reduction and collimation stabilization), or in or for imaging telescopes (on Earth or in space, for example for coronagraphs (solar observation or finding extrasolar planets), etc.).

[0068] Another possible application of the optical device is temperature stabilization of the coupling efficiency in optical fibers, for example, single-mode step-index or hollow PCF / PCF optical fibers. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0069] 17

[0070] It is also conceivable that the optical device is used in a headlight (e.g. in matrix LED projectors for cars or headlights for cinematography).

[0071] The disclosed optical device or optical device design can also be used for the targeted modification of the surface shape and / or surface orientation of the first optical element and / or the second optical element and / or an external optical element attached or mounted to the optical device. For example, the optical device can be used for the required tilting and / or shaping of micro-optics for beam position and beam shape control (e.g., glass optics with an optimized adhesive gap bonded to CVD diamond for rapid temperature changes).

[0072] It is also conceivable to use it for the targeted modification of the surface shape and / or surface orientation of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, for example in laser beam scanners (XR display light engines, LIDAR, material processing, etc.), especially in combination with classic scanning methods (prisms, galvo or polygon mirrors, etc.).

[0073] It is also conceivable that the optical device is used in addition to conventional methods and means of adaptive optics (radiant heat, bending with motors). The adaptive optics then no longer need to correct the main part of the temperature-dependent change and can, for example, be faster or have more leeway to implement the remaining adaptation that is not compensated for by the disclosed optical device itself.

[0074] The first and / or second bonding layer can comprise or be an adhesive or an adhesive layer. It is also conceivable that the bonding layer is a weld layer and / or a solder (e.g., indium for soldering laser amplifier crystals 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)).

[0075] 18 or crystals for nonlinear optical applications (SHG, DFG, OPO / OPA, etc.)) includes or is.

[0076] The bonding layer can be applied to the entire surface of the first and / or second optical element. This means that the bonding layer covers the entire surface of the first optical element associated with the second optical element, and / or the entire surface of the second optical element associated with the first optical element. However, it is also conceivable that the bonding layer covers only a portion of the surface of the first optical element associated with the second optical element, and / or only a portion of the surface of the second optical element associated with the first optical element. In particular, it is possible that the bonding layer covers only an area or part of the first optical element and / or an area or part of the second optical element around the center of thermal expansion.

[0077] This example illustrates, but is not limited to, the use of adhesive as a material bonding layer: In partial bonding, the optical elements can slide against each other in unbonded areas, providing additional design flexibility (especially regarding adhesive selection). This can also be helpful for athermalizing the surface shape of ultrashort pulse laser-welded or anodically bonded glass optics (e.g., for lab-on-a-chip bio / chemosensor applications), or for partially bonded, large-area lithography mirrors (e.g., SMT EUV) or telescope mirrors (e.g., JWST or ELT), or similar applications. Furthermore, the unrestricted sliding of the optical elements relative to each other or to the adhesive can be particularly advantageously combined with partial bonding.

[0078] The term "athermalization" can be understood, in particular, to mean that the optical properties of the optical device are essentially or over large areas or sections independent of temperature or temperature changes. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0079] 19

[0080] The bonding layer or adhesive layer can be, for example, AC A 109-PLV, DOWSIL VE-

[0081] 6001, AC L2022-C42, or Invisisil SN 1011 include or be.

[0082] The elements of the optical device, i.e., in particular the first optical element, the second optical element, and the interlayer, can be rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the optical axis of the second optical element. It is also conceivable that, as a first approximation, the optical device is assumed to be rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis of the first optical element and / or the optical axis of the second optical element, even though its shape is not (fully) rotationally symmetric. In this case, the optical device, or modifications thereof, can be easily simulated, calculated, or optimized, for example, using the finite element method.

[0083] The interlayer can influence or change the shape of the surfaces of the first and / or second optical elements, particularly the surface of the first optical element facing away from the second, and / or the surface of the second optical element facing away from the first, under temperature changes within the specified operating temperature range. This results in a new degree of design freedom for the optical device, as the shape of the surfaces of the optical device, or its outer surfaces, can be adjusted with less dependence on the material of the first and / or second optical element. Consequently, a wide variety of possible materials for the first and / or second optical element are available.

[0084] The term "essentially stable" or "stable," particularly with regard to mechanical strength, or "essentially consistent optical properties," or similar statements using "essentially," can mean that any changes occurring in one or more values ​​are so small that they are not significant or are essentially zero. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0085] 20

[0086] The operating temperature range or the specified operating temperature range of the optical device can, for example, be the range from -10 °C to +50 °C.

[0087] As already mentioned, the desired shape of the optical device to be manufactured, or of the surfaces of the first optical element and / or the second optical element, can be determined or specified depending on the temperature (especially within an operating temperature range, e.g., -10 °C to +50 °C) through optimization, e.g., based on a numerical simulation. This can also be carried out accordingly for the first interlayer.

[0088] Preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings of exemplary embodiments. These drawings show...

[0089] Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of an optical device according to the invention;

[0090] Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of an optical device according to the invention;

[0091] Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of an optical device according to the invention;

[0092] Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the right half of the rotationally symmetric cross-section of the optical device from Fig. 3;

[0093] Fig. 5 shows a detailed view of a fourth embodiment of an optical device according to the invention;

[0094] Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of half the rotationally symmetric cross-section of a fifth embodiment of an optical device according to the invention; 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0095] 21

[0096] Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of several adhesive layers of an optical device according to the invention;

[0097] Fig. 8 shows a schematic partial view of a sixth embodiment of an optical device according to the invention;

[0098] Fig. 9 shows a diagram of the deformation of the outer, air-adjacent surface of the second optical element of the optical device from Fig. 3 under three different temperature changes;

[0099] Fig. 10 shows a diagram of the deformation of the outer, air-adjacent surface of the third optical element of the optical device from Fig. 3 under three different temperature changes;

[0100] Fig. 11 shows a diagram of the deformation of the center of the first optical element or of the waveguide of the optical device from Fig. 3 under three different temperature changes;

[0101] Fig. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the right half of a rotationally symmetric optical device according to the prior art; and

[0102] Fig. 13 shows a schematic view of the right half of the rotationally symmetric cross-section of the optical device from Fig. 12.

[0103] In the following description, the same reference numbers are used for identical and similarly functioning parts.

[0104] Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of an optical device 10 according to the invention.

[0105] In the first embodiment, the first optical element 20 is a first lens and the second optical element 30 is a second lens. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0106] 22

[0107] The optical device 10 comprises a first lens and a second lens. At least one first bonding layer 40 is arranged between the first lens and the second lens, touching or contacting the first lens and / or the second lens. The first bonding layer 40 is designed to connect the first lens to the second lens. More than one bonding layer 40 can be arranged between the first lens and the second lens, e.g., two, three, four, or more than four bonding layers.

[0108] The first material bonding layer can be an adhesive layer or comprise an adhesive layer.

[0109] The first material bonding layer 40 has a thickness, the thickness being measured parallel to the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 or of the first lens or the second lens (i.e. from left to right or vice versa in Fig. 1).

[0110] Perpendicular to the optical axis 22 (i.e., from bottom to top or top to bottom in Fig. 1), the thickness of the first bonding layer 40 thus exhibits different values. This means that the thickness of the first bonding layer 40 changes when moving from top to bottom in Fig. 1.

[0111] The thickness of the first bonding layer 40 varies at different locations or in different areas of the optical device 10. This means that the first bonding layer 40 has different thicknesses. In particular, the first bonding layer can have a first thickness in a first region extending perpendicular to the optical axis 22 of the first lens and / or the second lens (i.e., running from top to bottom or vice versa in Fig. 1), and a second thickness different from the first thickness in a second region extending perpendicular to the optical axis 22 of the first lens and / or the second lens (i.e., running from top to bottom or vice versa in Fig. 1). 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0112] 23

[0113] In Fig. 1, the thickness of the first interlayer 40 is greater in the upper and lower regions than in the middle region. The thickness of the first interlayer 40 increases in all directions from the center, or optical axis 22, of the first lens. The optical device 10 is radially symmetrical with respect to its optical axis 22.

[0114] The different thickness of the first material bonding layer 40 allows the temperature-dependent shapes and positions of the surfaces of the optical device 10, in particular of the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30, to be specifically adjusted.

[0115] In particular, the varying thicknesses of the first bonding layer 40 at different locations, possibly in combination with a suitable choice of refractive indices of the optical elements and the material of the bonding layer 40 or the adhesive, make it possible to achieve athermalization of the optical imaging performance of the optical device 10. Athermalization means that the optical imaging performance or the optical imaging properties of the optical device 10 are essentially independent of the temperature. This applies at least to wide temperature ranges, e.g., from approximately -20°C to approximately +40°C, i.e., temperature ranges that typically occur globally due to weather and seasons. Within this temperature range, the optical imaging properties of the optical device 10 do not change significantly, since locally varying thermal expansion or...Contraction of the first interfacial layer 40, the first lens and the second lens (and possibly further interfacial layers) takes place.

[0116] It is also conceivable that the optical device 10, or rather the surfaces of the optical device 10, change in a targeted manner in response to temperature changes. That is, athermalization is neither the goal nor the goal; rather, the surfaces or orientation of the surfaces of the optical device 10 change in a targeted manner with temperature changes, but 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0117] 24 unlike in athermalization. This means that the optical properties of the optical device 10 change in a controlled manner with temperature changes.

[0118] The first lens can be a glass lens. The second lens can be a plastic lens.

[0119] It is also conceivable that the first lens is a plastic lens and the second lens is a glass lens. It is also conceivable that both lenses are either plastic or glass lenses. The first and second lenses can have significantly different coefficients of thermal expansion. The difference between the respective products of the coefficients of thermal expansion multiplied by the radial dimensions of each optical element (the first lens or first optical element 20 and the second lens or second optical element 30) can be more than 1 pm / K, in particular more than 1.5 pm / K, preferably more than 2.0 pm / K, especially preferably more than 3.0 pm / K, and further preferably more than 3.5 pm / K.

[0120] Lenses with a high diameter-to-thickness ratio can also be used in the optical device 10. This ratio (i.e., diameter of the lens, which runs from top to bottom in Fig. 1, to thickness of the lens, which runs from right to left in Fig. 1) can be greater than 50, in particular greater than 60, preferably greater than 100, and especially preferably greater than 150, e.g., 160, of the first lens and / or the second lens.

[0121] The shape and / or the differential thermal expansion of the first bonding layer 40, or of all bonding layers arranged between the first and second lenses, can be adapted with respect to the first and second lenses such that no undesired deformation occurs during temperature changes. The modification of the shape and / or position of the surfaces of the lenses and the first bonding layer 40 is desired or planned through the appropriate design and / or selection of the material of the first bonding layer 40. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0122] 25

[0123] The material of the bonding layer 40 or the adhesive for the adhesive layer 40 is selected with regard to its mechanical properties in combination with the geometry or adhesive gap geometry so that the maximum permissible elongation is not exceeded within the required temperature range. The maximum permissible elongation includes, among other things, the alternating stresses caused by temperature changes, aging processes of the bonding layer material or the adhesive, and safety factors, ensuring that the bond is durable and reliable.

[0124] Lenses, especially plastic lenses, can be glued to or bonded to glass optical fibers. This is particularly relevant for AR / VR / MR systems, as it largely or completely avoids optical disturbances of the transmitted virtual image, e.g., due to temperature- and field-dependent defocusing, since bending of the optical fiber (see Fig. 11) and deformation of the lens surfaces exposed to air (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) are largely prevented.

[0125] The optical device 10 has a center of lateral thermal expansion. This center is the point where the adherents (e.g., the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30) exhibit the smallest differential expansion with temperature changes and is chosen to coincide with the geometric centroid of the adhesion surfaces. The location of the center of lateral thermal expansion depends on the edge contour of the adherents, particularly the edge contour of the adherent defining the adhesion surfaces (the adherent with the smallest area at the point of contact). Thus, the center of lateral thermal expansion is typically the point 45 where the thickness of the first interfacial layer 40 is at its minimum or maximum.With respect to the center of lateral thermal expansion, the thickness of the first interfacial layer 40 can, in particular, have a spherical shape, an aspherical shape, or the shape of a freeform surface. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0126] 26

[0127] The center of lateral thermal expansion can lie on the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10, especially if the adhesion surface is symmetrical to the optical axis 22.

[0128] Furthermore, it is possible to utilize the refractive power of the bonding layer 40 to reduce the complexity of the optical device 10 and thus lower manufacturing costs. The additional refraction of the bonding layer can, for example, be used to simplify the outer surfaces, such as changing them from an aspherical to a spherical shape.

[0129] Another advantage of the optical device 10 is that, due to the reduced local strain and a suitable choice of material for the bonding layer or suitable choice of adhesive, no delamination occurs during repeated temperature cycles or temperature changes between the first optical unit, the second optical unit and the first bonding layer 40.

[0130] The material of the first bonding layer 40 and / or any other existing bonding layers can cure during the joining process through radiation-induced, thermally induced and / or catalyst-induced curing.

[0131] The optical device 10 can be manufactured as follows. First, the first optical element 20, e.g. a first lens, and the second optical element 30, e.g. a second lens, are provided.

[0132] The first bonding layer 40 is now applied to the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30, or to a surface thereof. The first bonding layer 40 can then be cured. If necessary, further bonding layers are applied to the first bonding layer 40 and / or the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30. Finally, the first optical element 20 and the second 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0133] TI

[0134] The optical element 30 is bonded or bonded together by the first bonding layer 40 and any further bonding layers applied. The first bonding layer 40 (if not already cured) and any further bonding layers are then cured.

[0135] It is conceivable that spacers are arranged around the circumference of the optical elements 20, 30 to adjust the thickness of the first bonding layer 40 before the bonding layer material or adhesive cures, and / or to center or tilt the optical elements 20 and 30 relative to each other during joining or bonding. Passive devices or active alignment methods can be used for centering or tilting, in which the orientation of the optical elements 20 and 30 relative to each other is measured and adjusted during the process. This can be done manually or mechanically / automatically. The process or bonding can be carried out in a vacuum environment so that the first bonding layer 40, as well as any other bonding layers present, are free of gas bubbles before and during curing and do not react undesirably with atmospheric moisture and / or oxygen.

[0136] High-viscosity bonding layers, for example above 10,000 mPa*s, can be processed with precision dosing and positioning without masking the bonding surfaces or adhesive surfaces of the first and / or second optical unit. The material of the first bonding layer 40 can be placed centrally on the surface of the first or second optical unit. The other optical unit is then pressed or rotated onto the first bonding layer 40 or the placed material of the first bonding layer 40. The bonding layer material or adhesive can then distribute itself accordingly across the surfaces through further rotation of the optical elements 20 and 30 and their surface tension. In the final position, or subsequently, the optical units are fixed, and the bonding layer or adhesive bond is cured. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0137] 28

[0138] Materials or adhesives with low viscosity, for example below 10,000 mPa*s or below 1,000 mPa*s, can alternatively be poured into a mold that can be removed after curing, before the adherents or optical elements are joined. Other shapes are also conceivable, such as split PTFE molds or PTFE-coated molding foams with a temporary and reversible adhesive layer on the underside. For example, a type of temporary spacer can be used to hold the position of the first optical element 20 relative to the second optical element 30 while the material of the bonding layer or the adhesive is introduced into the area between the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30.

[0139] Furthermore, the material bonding layer or the adhesive layer, regardless of its viscosity, can be shaped or reshaped or machined by subtractive processes, for example by casting, pressing or additive manufacturing processes, and then bonded or glued to the adherents (optical elements 20 and 30) with thin adhesion layers of the same material or adhesive.

[0140] The first bonding layer 40, or the lens made of the same material as the first bonding layer 40, can also be built up layer by layer on one of the adherents (optical element 20 or 30) using a 3D printing process ("inkjet"). This is particularly relevant if the base surface or the surface of the optical element 20, 30 is planar. This makes the manufacturing process and / or the contour especially flexible and variable. This is particularly true if the surfaces of the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30 that contact the first bonding layer 40, or that contact the lens made of the same material as the first bonding layer 40, have low contact angles. In this case, the bonding layer material or adhesive material applied to the first and / or second optical element is distributed by surface tension, and the applied droplets form a continuous layer.Finally, the second adherent (optical element 30 or 20) is applied or bonded to the additively manufactured fabric bonding layer or adhesive layer with a thin layer of the same material as the bonding layer or adhesive. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0141] 29

[0142] It is also conceivable that the shape of liquid droplets or adhesive droplets or surfaces of the first bonding layer 40 can be adapted using electric fields before the material of the first bonding layer 40 has hardened. This allows a smooth and / or desired shaped layer to be created.

[0143] The thickness of the first bonding layer 40 is not constant, but is specifically shaped so that, in combination with the surface shapes and material properties of all elements of the optical device 10 (in particular shape, coefficients of thermal expansion and stiffnesses, compressibilities, etc.), desired or predetermined temperature-dependent optical and mechanical functions are fulfilled. For example, the optical imaging performance of the optical device 10 can be independent of the temperature (athermalization). It is also possible that the elongation or contraction of the first bonding layer 40 does not exceed the limits for the fatigue strength of the optical device 10.

[0144] The material of the first bonding layer 40 (and / or in any further bonding layers present) can be modified by additives in the dispersion. This can reduce the chromatic aberration in the optical device 10. This is described in more detail, for example, in the article "Dispersion-engineered nanocomposites enable achromatic diffractive optical elements," authors: Daniel Werdehausen, Sven Burger, Isabelle Staude, Thomas Pertsch, and Manuel Decker, journal "Optica," Vol. 6, Issue 8, pages 1031–1018, 2019 (https: / / doi.org / 10.1364 / OPTICA.6.001031), to which explicit reference is made here.

[0145] It is also conceivable that transparent fillers (e.g., glass beads, especially in the size range of approximately 25 pm to approximately 250 pm) are present in or incorporated into the first interlayer 40 (or a second interlayer 60), whereby the fillers have an identical or nearly identical refractive index to the material of the first interlayer 40. This renders the fillers invisible, and no scattering and / or refraction occurs at the fillers. The fillers can achieve the minimum 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0146] 30

[0147] The thickness of the first fabric bonding layer can be set to 40. Furthermore, this allows the stiffness and / or thermal expansion to be changed or adjusted.

[0148] One or more surfaces of the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30 may have an anti-reflective coating (AR coating) to reduce the luminance of disturbing reflections.

[0149] The first optical element 20 can comprise or consist of glass. The second optical element 30 can also comprise or consist of glass. It is also conceivable that the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30 comprise or are a polymer lens.

[0150] It is also conceivable that the optical device 10 comprises more than two optical elements. For example, the optical device 10 can comprise three, four, or more than four lenses. It is also possible that several bonding layers comprise or are optically effective lenses made of the bonding layer material or adhesive material. This can be particularly relevant for camera lenses of mobile phones. The optical elements can also be, for example, light guides, such as for AR / VR / MR / XR systems.

[0151] The optical device 10 may have a particularly low weight, since the control of the ambient temperature-dependent shape of the optical surfaces by the measures described above allows for thinner optics (e.g.

[0152] optical elements 20 and 30) are permitted. This allows for the creation of lightweight cine lenses, lightweight action cam lenses, lightweight camera lenses for drones, or for aerospace applications, etc.

[0153] It is conceivable that the first bonding layer 40 has a stiffness gradient. This means that the first bonding layer 40 is parallel and / or 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0154] 31 perpendicular to the optical axis 22 of the first lens and / or the second lens has different degrees of stiffness.

[0155] It is also conceivable that the first material bonding layer 40 has a gradient with respect to the coefficient of thermal expansion in a direction parallel and / or perpendicular to the optical axis 22 of the first lens and / or the second lens.

[0156] Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of an optical device 10 according to the invention.

[0157] In the second embodiment, the interface between the second optical element 30 and the first bonding layer 40 is flat or planar. The interface between the first optical element 20 and the first bonding layer 40 is spherical.

[0158] As an example, see Fig. 3, the bonding of two plastic lenses and a glass light guide as optical elements of the optical device 10 is described. One of the plastic lenses and the glass light guide serve, for example, to provide a virtual image and for vision correction. The second plastic lens corrects the view through the optical device for perceiving the environment. This optical device is a component of an augmented reality or smart glass system. The operating temperature range is assumed to be -10°C to +50°C, and storage and transport temperature ranges of -30°C to +85°C (or -50°C to 115°C).

[0159] It is advantageous if the material of the first bonding layer or adhesive layer 40, in conjunction with the waveguide, has a low refractive index so that the critical angle for total internal reflection meets the requirements of the optical fiber. A separate cladding coating or an angle-selective multi-layer mirror coating can also be used on the waveguide for this purpose. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0160] 32

[0161] The viscosity of the material of the first adhesive layer 40 can be adjusted via the temperature during application, for example within a range of an order of magnitude (for example, for a selected adhesive between 3000 mPa*s and 300 mP*s by a temperature change of +30K).

[0162] Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of an optical device according to the invention comprising an upper optical element 30 (second optical element; e.g. a lens) which is bonded to a first side of a light guide 20 (first optical element) by means of a first adhesive layer 40, and a lower optical element 90 (third optical element; e.g. a lens) which is bonded to a second side of the light guide opposite the first side by means of a second adhesive layer 60.

[0163] In this embodiment, the interface between the second optical element 30 and the first bonding layer 40 is spherical. The interface between the third optical element 90 and the second bonding layer 60 is also spherical, with the same sign for the surface radius. The radii of the spherical surfaces, and consequently the adhesive gap widths, are optimized for both sides using numerical simulation, for example, to minimize deformation of the optical fiber or the first optical element 20 and deformation of the lens surfaces of the two outer optical elements 30 and 90 that are exposed to air.

[0164] At the center of the lateral thermal expansion, which coincides with the optical axis and the center line, the expansion of the optical device 10 during temperature changes or increases in the lateral direction (which runs from left to right and vice versa in Fig. 3) is small or minimal. In particular, especially small changes in temperature occur at the center of thermal expansion. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0165] 33 mechanical stresses occur within the optical device 10. The thickness (which runs from bottom to top in Fig. 3) of the first bonding layer 40 is smallest at the center of thermal expansion, i.e., in the middle. The thickness of the first bonding layer 40 increases towards the outer edges. The thickness of the second (lower) bonding layer 60 is greatest at the center of thermal expansion, i.e., in the middle. The thickness of the second bonding layer 60 decreases towards the outer edges. The upper, or second, optical element 30 has its greatest thickness at its center (i.e., on the optical axis, i.e., at the center of thermal expansion). The lower optical element 90 has its smallest thickness at its center of thermal expansion. The first optical element 20 does not exhibit any change in size along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

[0166] This means that the thickness of the respective fabric bonding layer 40, 60, with which the respective optical element 90, 30 is attached, can be positively correlated with the thickness of the respective optical element 90, 30. That is, the third optical element 90 or the second optical element 30 has its greatest thickness at the same point where the first fabric bonding layer 40 or the second fabric bonding layer 60 has its greatest thickness, and the third optical element 90 or the second optical element 30 has its smallest thickness at the same point where the first fabric bonding layer 40 or the second fabric bonding layer 60 has its smallest thickness.

[0167] A bending of the inner adherent or the first optical element 20, which is located between two other optical elements 30, 90, is significantly reduced, cf. Fig. 11. This is particularly important for light guides in augmented reality and smart glass systems, onto which push and pull lenses or Rx lenses are glued or with which push and pull lenses or Rx lenses are bonded.

[0168] This means that the optical device 10 comprises a first optical element 20, a second optical element 30, and a third optical element 90. The first optical element 20 is arranged between the second optical element 30 and the third optical element 90. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0169] 34

[0170] A material bonding layer 40, 60, e.g., an adhesive layer, is arranged between the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30, and between the first optical element 20 and the third optical element 90. The first optical element 20 can comprise or be a light guide. The second optical element 30 and / or the third optical element 90 can comprise or be a lens.

[0171] The specifically designed material bonding layers ensure that the light guide or the first optical element 20 is not bent during temperature changes, or that only minimal forces act on the light guide or the first optical element 20. This ensures the functionality of the optical device 10 even under temperature changes.

[0172] Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the deformation of the right half of the rotationally symmetric cross-section of the optical device 10 from Fig. 3 when the temperature is increased to 50 °C compared to normal conditions (22 °C), at which the adhesive was cured. The optical axis of the optical device 10 is therefore located at the left edge of Fig. 4.

[0173] This also shows that it is possible to prevent deformation of the optical elements if a material bond is formed at elevated temperatures that differ from the operating temperatures (for example, curing adhesives at 50 °C or 85 °C, or soldering with indium at approximately 160 °C). At the temperature during which the material bond between dissimilar materials solidifies, the joint is approximately free of temperature-induced stresses.

[0174] The optical device 10 comprises a light guide as the first optical element 20, which is arranged in the center (running from left to right). The optical device 10 also includes a lens as the second optical element 30 on a first side (top side) of the first optical element 20. A first bonding layer 40 or an adhesive layer is arranged between the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30, which forms the first 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0175] 35

[0176] Optical element 20 and the second optical element 30 are bonded together. A lens, forming the third optical element 90, is arranged on a second side opposite the first. A second bonding layer 60, or adhesive layer, is arranged between the first optical element 20 and the third optical element 90, bonding them together.

[0177] In this embodiment, the first bonding layer 40 and / or the second bonding layer 60 comprises the material ACW AC A109-PLV or consists of this acrylate adhesive. The lenses 30 and 90 in this embodiment are made of Mitsui Chemicals MR8 material. The material of the optical fiber 20 in this embodiment is Schott N-LASF46B.

[0178] The light guide, or first optical element 20, is a planar optical element. The radius of the spherical surfaces adjacent to the second optical element 30 and the first bonding layer 40 is -1300 mm. The radius of the spherical surfaces adjacent to the third optical element 90 and the second bonding layer 60 is -1500 mm.

[0179] The center thickness of lens 30 is 1.67 mm, and the radial dimension to the optical axis is 30 mm (diameter-to-thickness ratio 36). The surface of lens 30, or the second optical element 30 (also called the push lens), which is adjacent to air, has the shape of a conic asphere with the parameters c = 1.66E-003 1 / mm, k = -49.00, al = 0, a2 = 3.62E-007, a3 = -6.56E-010, and a4 = 6.24E-014. r varies from 0 to 30 mm.

[0180] The center thickness of the lens, or third optical element 90, is 0.8 mm, and the radial dimension to the optical axis is 30 mm (diameter-to-thickness ratio 75). The surface of the lens, or third optical element 90 (90 is also called the pull lens), which is adjacent to air, has the shape of a conic asphere with the parameters c = 1.66E-003 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0181] 36

[0182] 1 / mm, k = -105.29, al = 0, a2 = 2.04E-007, a3 = -7.55E-010 and a4 = 9.74E-014. r varies from 0 to 30 mm.

[0183] The conic section asphere surface for the above parameters is described by the following equation:

[0184] Figure 4 shows the state after increasing the temperature by 28 °C above the normal conditions (e.g., 22 °C) under which the adhesive was cured. At 22 °C, the adhesive bond is approximately free of temperature-induced stresses in this case. Figure 4 shows the degree of deformation in the direction parallel to the optical axis when the temperature of the optical device 10 is increased substantially uniformly by 28 °C above the reference temperature (22 °C).

[0185] It is clearly evident that the optical fiber is not bent or warped. This is also shown in Fig. 11. Likewise, the surfaces of the lens (or the second optical element 30) and the lens 90 (or the third of the second optical element 90) that are exposed to air hardly change their shape, except in the edge region, which, however, does not contribute to the optical function due to a corresponding design of the optical system. This is also shown in Fig. 9 for the lens (or the second optical element 30) and in Fig. 10 for the lens 90 (or the third optical element 90). The first interlayer 40 has its smallest thickness in the middle, or on the optical axis (which runs parallel to the optical axis). Thus, the point 45 where the first interlayer 40 has its smallest thickness is located on the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10. The first interlayer 40 has its greatest thickness at the edge of the second optical element 30.The thickness increases from the center to the edge, in particular steadily increasing. The second interfacial layer 60 has its greatest thickness in the center or on the optical axis (which runs parallel to the optical axis), 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO).

[0186] 37 while it has its smallest thickness at the edge of the third optical element 90. The thickness of the second interfacial layer 60 increases from the edge to the center, in particular steadily increasing.

[0187] The second optical element 60 has a smaller thickness at its edge than in its center. The third optical element 90 has a greater thickness at its edge than in its center.

[0188] The colors light green, yellow, orange, and red represent (in this order) an increasingly larger positive deformation (from an imaginary fixed point) parallel to the direction of the optical axis (upwards in Fig. 4). The fixed point can be located in the center of the optical fiber. The color dark green essentially represents no deformation along a direction parallel to the optical axis. The colors turquoise, cyan, light blue, and blue represent (in this order) an increasingly larger negative deformation, i.e., a deformation antiparallel to the direction of the optical axis (i.e., downwards in Fig. 4).

[0189] Figure 4 clearly shows that the optical fiber is not deformed in any direction parallel or antiparallel to the optical axis (dark green color). This means that the optical fiber is not bent, kinked, or otherwise distorted, and therefore its function is not negatively affected when the temperature is increased. The same applies when the temperature is decreased.

[0190] Furthermore, it is evident that the deformation of the surfaces of lenses 30 and 90 adjacent to air, in the area relevant for the optical function, is homogeneous and parallel to the optical axis.

[0191] Thus, the optical properties of the optical device 10 remain essentially unchanged under temperature changes (athermalization), especially with regard to the light guided in the optical fiber. To ensure the optical effect of remaining, 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0192] To at least partially compensate for the temperature-dependent changes in the refractive index of the materials, the adhesive can be selected to match the lens materials in terms of its refractive index and refractive index dispersion. Alternatively, the shape changes of the lens surfaces of the second optical element 30 and the third optical element 90 can be specifically adjusted to at least partially compensate for the optical effect caused by the temperature dependence of the refractive indices. The terms "specifically" and "specifically adjusted" can, in particular, refer to situations that differ from the trivial case of connecting the optical elements without a design-related, optically functional objective. The trivial case exists, for example, when the adhesion surfaces or the surfaces of the optical elements are identical (planar, spherical, etc.), resulting in a constant adhesive gap width.

[0193] Fig. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the right half of a rotationally symmetric optical device according to the prior art. Fig. 13 shows a schematic view of the right half of the rotationally symmetric cross-section of the optical device from Fig. 12. In Fig. 13, both the first adhesive layer 40', which connects a first optical element 20' to a second optical element 30', and the second adhesive layer 60', which connects the first optical element 20' to the third optical element 90', are of uniform thickness; that is, the thickness running parallel to the optical axis 22' of the first optical element 20' and the second optical element 30' is the same from left to right in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, respectively.

[0194] The color representation in Fig. 13 is the same as in Fig. 4: the colors light green, yellow, orange, and red represent (in this order) an increasingly larger positive deformation (from an imaginary fixed point) parallel to the direction of the optical axis (upwards in Fig. 13). The fixed point can be located at the center of the first optical element 20'. The color dark green essentially represents no deformation along a direction parallel to the optical axis. The colors turquoise, cyan, light blue, and blue represent (in this order) an increasingly larger negative deformation, i.e., a deformation antiparallel to the direction of the optical axis (i.e., downwards in Fig. 13). 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0195] 39

[0196] Fig. 13 shows a schematic view of the deformation of the right half of the rotationally symmetric cross-section of the optical device 10' from Fig. 12 when the temperature is increased to 50 °C from normal conditions (22 °C), at which the adhesive was cured. The optical axis of the optical device 10 is thus located at the left edge of Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, respectively.

[0197] In comparison of Fig. 4 to Fig. 13, it can be seen that with the present invention, significantly lower deformation variances occur in the direction of the optical axis 22 or 22' for the same temperature changes.

[0198] Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of an optical device 10 according to the invention.

[0199] The optical device 10 is radially symmetrical with respect to the optical axis 22 of the first lens or the second lens.

[0200] Between the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30, several bonding layers 40, 60, 80 or adhesive layers are arranged, at least partially. The first bonding layer covers the entire surface of the second optical element 30 facing the first optical element 20. The two lower bonding layers 60, 80 cover part of the first bonding layer 40. The lower or first optical element 20 partially contacts the first bonding layer 40 directly, contacts the second bonding layer 60 directly, and contacts the third bonding layer directly. The second bonding layer 60 extends inwards from the edge of the optical device 10. The third bonding layer 80 also extends inwards from the edge of the optical device 10 or the first optical element 20 towards the center or the optical axis 22, but does not extend inwards or towards the center as far as the second bonding layer. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0201] 40

[0202] Fig. 6 shows a detailed view of a fifth embodiment of an optical device 10 according to the invention.

[0203] Fig. 6 shows only the left half of a rotationally symmetric cross-section of a fifth embodiment of an optical device 10 according to the invention. The dashed line represents the optical axis 22 and axis of symmetry of the optical device 10. The right half of the cross-section (which is a mirror image of the left half with respect to the optical axis) of the optical device 10 is not shown.

[0204] As shown in Fig. 6, the interface 41 between the first bonding layer 40 and the second adherent 60 can be stepped. Other non-stepped, non-continuous shapes of the interface 41 between the first bonding layer 40 and the second adherent 60 are also conceivable. The first bonding layer 40 and the second adherent 60 have a crenellated cross-section or a cross-section with projections and recesses, for example, in the form of a Fresnel lens. The point 45 of least thickness of the first bonding layer 40 is located on the optical axis 22.

[0205] Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of several bonding layers 40, 60, 80 of an optical device 10 according to the invention. The first optical element 20 (not shown) is arranged above the uppermost bonding layer 40, and the second optical element 30 (partially shown) is arranged below the lowermost bonding layer 80. Thus, several bonding layers 40, 60, 80 connect the first optical element 20 to the second optical element 30 and vice versa. The first bonding layer 40 is in direct contact with the first optical element 20. The second bonding layer 60 is in direct contact with the first bonding layer 40 and with the third bonding layer 80.

[0206] The bonding layer 80 is in direct contact with the second bonding layer 60 and the second optical element 30. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0207] 41

[0208] The bonding layers 40, 60, 80 each comprise different adhesives.

[0209] The three interlayer layers 40, 60, 80 each have different thicknesses in the radial direction (from left to right and vice versa in Fig. 7). Each interlayer layer 40, 60, 80 has its thinnest thickness at its center 45, which corresponds to the optical axis of the optical device 10. The thickness increases towards the edges, in particular continuously.

[0210] The different bonding layers 40, 60, 80 exhibit different coefficients of thermal expansion. This allows the behavior of the optical device 10, or its changes in response to temperature variations, to be controlled with particular precision.

[0211] It is also conceivable that several material bonding layers connect the first optical element 20 with the second optical element 30.

[0212] Several interlayer materials with different wavelength-dependent and / or temperature-dependent refractive power can be used.

[0213] Another possibility is that the bonding layer is not present or arranged over the entire surface of the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30 and / or the third optical element 90, but only over a portion thereof. For example, between the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30, the bonding layer may only be located or present in the thermal expansion center or in a region around the thermal expansion center. For example, the first bonding layer 40 may only be arranged in 5%, 10%, or 15% of the surface area of ​​the second optical element 30 facing the first optical element 20. In the remaining area, the two optical elements 20, 30 can slide over each other or interact with each other in a 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0214] 42

[0215] The direction of movement is essentially perpendicular to the optical axis. Movement parallel to the optical axis is also conceivable in this part of the surface. By appropriately shaping the respective optical element 20, 30, compressive forces can be exerted in the areas where no interlayer is present, so that the surfaces of the respective optical element 20, 30 can be shaped or deformed by compressive forces.

[0216] In the areas where the material bonding layer is present, compressive and tensile forces can act and deform or shape the surfaces of the respective optical element 20, 30.

[0217] Fig. 8 shows a schematic partial view of a sixth embodiment of an optical device 10 according to the invention.

[0218] Figure 8 shows the state after a temperature change.

[0219] In Fig. 8, two optical elements 30, 90 or lenses are glued or bonded to two opposite sides of a first optical element 20 or a light guide by means of a first bonding layer 40 and by means of a second bonding layer 60.

[0220] Here, the center of lateral thermal expansion is not located on the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10. The center of lateral thermal expansion 45 is located to the left of the optical axis in Fig. 8. At this point 45, the two bonded layers 40 and 60 each have their minimum thickness. If the temperature-dependent refractive indices and refractive index dispersions of the adhesives or the material of the bonded layers 40 and 60 deviate significantly from one of the optical elements, i.e., lead to a relevant refraction of light, the optical effect of the decentering of the center of lateral thermal expansion from the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 can be counteracted by tilting the outer surfaces of the respective optical elements 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0221] 43

[0222] The optical correction of 90° and 30° (i.e., the area of ​​the third optical element 90° facing away from the second optical element 30°, and the area of ​​the second optical element 30° facing away from the third optical element 90°) is partially compensated – especially, but not exclusively, if the outer surfaces (i.e., the surfaces of the optical device 10 facing the environment) are spherical. Simulation-based optimization is used to determine an ideal compromise between optical correction and its athermalization.

[0223] In Fig. 8, the upper outer surface of the second, or upper, optical element 30 is tilted relative to its original orientation (in this case, tilted to the left). This means that the upper outer surface has a larger angle to the horizontal compared to the centered case. This orientation is athermalized by the described invention, meaning it remains essentially the same regardless of the temperature.

[0224] The tilting is intentionally set in the system design or layout of the optical device 10 and can also selectively influence secondary optical effects. For example, the tilting can be used to control stray light reflection paths on the outer surfaces adjacent to air, thereby improving radiometric imaging performance. In an advantageous embodiment, all outer and inner surfaces are tilted relative to each other to achieve an ideal compromise between temperature-independent aberration and stray light control.

[0225] The lateral changes or variations in the thickness of the first bonding layer 40 can be used to adjust the shape of the lenses or optical elements 20, 30 exposed to air in a targeted, desired, or predetermined manner as a function of temperature. For example, this can be achieved such that these surfaces deform constantly or uniformly in the axial direction (i.e., parallel to the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10) when the temperature changes across a region of the assembly. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0226] 44

[0227] Fig. 9 shows a diagram of the deformation of the outer, air-adjacent surface of the second optical element 30 of the optical device 10 from Fig. 3 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 at three different ambient temperatures with which the optical device 10 is in thermal equilibrium.

[0228] Figures 9, 10, and 11 are among the three optical elements shown in Figure 3 or explained in connection with Figure 3. This is an exemplary embodiment of an optical system for an augmented reality headset.

[0229] In this embodiment, a first optical element 30 is bonded to, or materially connected to, a first optical element 20 by means of a first bonding layer 40. Furthermore, a third optical element 90 is bonded to, or materially connected to, the first optical element 20 by means of a second bonding layer 60. This is clearly visible in Fig. 3.

[0230] The abscissa shows the radial distance to the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10, with only one radially symmetrical half shown. The ordinate shows the temperature-dependent deformation of the air-adjacent surface of the second optical element 30 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10. The standard condition at which the changes are measured is 22 °C. The adhesive was cured at this temperature. The top line (solid) shows the change when the temperature is increased to +50 °C. The middle line (dotted) shows the change when the temperature is reduced to +20 °C. The bottom line (dashed) shows the change when the temperature is reduced to -10 °C.

[0231] The displayed value range of the abscissa is 0 mm to 30 mm. The value range of the

[0232] Ordinate includes -8.5 pm to +8.5 pm. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0233] 45

[0234] The temperature-dependent shape deviation of the air-adjacent surface of the second optical element 30 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 is reduced by the invention by a factor of 0.09 compared to adhesive gaps with flat adhesion surfaces within the considered temperature range (-10°C, +50°C). The strain values ​​of the adherents and the adhesive remain within the permissible range or within the limits of the, in particular prescribed, acceptable values.

[0235] As can be clearly seen in Fig. 9, the shape of the outer surface of the second optical element 30 hardly changes in a relevant area. In particular, there is hardly any change in the shape of the surface in the central area (left in Fig. 9). Only in the edge region (right in Fig. 9) does a change in the shape of the outer surface of the second optical element 30 occur. The optical device 10 is designed such that a deformation of the edge region does not impair the optical function. This applies to all three temperature changes shown.

[0236] Fig. 10 shows a diagram of the deformation of the outer, air-adjacent surface of the third optical element 90 of the optical device 10 from Fig. 3 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 at three different ambient temperatures with which the optical device 10 is in thermal equilibrium.

[0237] The abscissa displays a range of values ​​from 0 mm to 30 mm. The ordinate displays a range of values ​​from -9.5 pm to +9.5 pm.

[0238] In this embodiment, a third optical element 90 is bonded to a waveguide or a first optical element 20 by means of a second bonding layer 60, or is bonded to the waveguide by means of a bonding layer 60. Furthermore, a second optical element 30 is bonded to the waveguide or is bonded to it by means of a first bonding layer 40. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0239] 46

[0240] Figure 10 clearly shows that the shape of the outer surface of the third optical element 90, which is exposed to air, hardly changes with temperature variations in a relevant area. This is particularly true for the area near the optical axis (left in Figure 10). Only in the outermost edge region (right in Figure 10) does the shape of the surface change. The optical device 10 is designed such that a deformation of the edge region does not impair the optical function.

[0241] The standard temperature at which the changes are measured is 22 °C. The adhesive was cured at this temperature. The top line (solid) shows the change when the temperature is increased to +50 °C. The middle line (dotted) shows the change when the temperature is reduced to +20 °C. The bottom line (dashed) shows the change when the temperature is reduced to -10 °C.

[0242] The temperature-dependent shape deviation of the air-adjacent surface of the third optical element 90 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 is reduced by the invention by a factor of 0.03 compared to adhesive gaps with flat adhesion surfaces within the considered temperature range (-10°C, +50°C). The strain values ​​of the adherents and the adhesive remain within the permissible range.

[0243] Fig. 11 shows a diagram of the deformation of the center of a waveguide or the first optical element 20 of the optical device 10 from Fig. 3 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 at three different ambient temperatures at which the optical device 10 is in equilibrium. A second optical element 30 is bonded to a waveguide or a first optical element 20 by means of a first bonding layer 40. A third optical element 90 is also bonded to the waveguide 20 by means of a second bonding layer 60. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0244] 47

[0245] The abscissa shown ranges from 0 mm to 30 mm. The ordinate ranges from -0.6 µm to +0.6 µm. The ordinate range is approximately one order of magnitude smaller than those shown in Figures 9 and 10.

[0246] The solid line, which intersects the ordinate in Fig. 11 at the greatest positive distance from the origin, shows the deformation of the waveguide center 20 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 when the temperature is increased to +50 °C. The dotted line, which intersects the ordinate at the smallest distance from the origin, shows the deformation of the waveguide center, or the center of the first optical element 20, in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 when the temperature is decreased to +20 °C. The dashed line, which intersects the ordinate in Fig. 11 at the greatest negative distance from the origin, shows the change in the deformation of the waveguide center, or the center of the first optical element 20, in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 when the temperature is decreased to -10 °C.

[0247] In Fig. 11 it can be clearly seen that the center of the waveguide or the center of the first optical element 20 hardly deforms when the temperature is reduced slightly from +22 °C to +20 °C.

[0248] When the temperature is changed to +50 °C or -10 °C, the deformation of most of the waveguide or the first optical element 20 changes only slightly. Significant deformations only begin at radial distances greater than 26 mm. The optical device 10 is designed such that deformation of the edge region does not impair its optical function.

[0249] The temperature-dependent shape deviation of the center of the light guide or the center of the first optical element 20 in the direction of the optical axis 22 of the optical device 10 is reduced by the invention by a factor of 0.153 compared to adhesive gaps with planar 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO)

[0250] 48

[0251] Adhesion surfaces within the considered temperature range (-10°C, +50°C) are reduced.

[0252] The elongation values ​​of the adherents and the adhesive remain within the permissible range.

[0253] In summary, Figures 9-11 show that the surface shapes of the optical elements 20, 30, and 90, at least in the area relevant to the optical function of the optical device 10, change significantly less under the temperature changes shown than is possible according to the prior art. Thus, the optical function of the optical device 10 is significantly less affected by temperature changes. Furthermore, the mechanical function is ensured, and the permissible elongation of the adhesive or the adherents is not exceeded.

[0254] Reference symbol list:

[0255] 10 Optical device

[0256] 20, 20' first optical element

[0257] 22, 22' optical axis of the optical device

[0258] 30, 30' second optical element

[0259] 40, 40' first bonding layer / adhesive layer

[0260] 41 Interface of the first material bonding layer / adhesive layer

[0261] 45 Point, at which the first fabric bond layer has the smallest thickness

[0262] 60, 60' second bonding layer / adhesive layer

[0263] 80 third material bonding layer / adhesive layer

[0264] 90, 90' third optical element

Claims

2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO) 49 Ansprüche 1. Optical device (10) comprising a first optical element (20), a second optical element (30), and at least one first interlocking layer (40) arranged between the first optical element (20) and the second optical element (30) and contacting at least the first optical element (20) or at least the second optical element (30), wherein the first interlocking layer (40) is designed with a thickness that is parallel to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30) in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30) such that the surfaces of the first optical element (20) and / or the surfaces of the second optical element (30) are subject to thermal expansion and / or thermal contraction of the first interlocking layer (40).of the first optical element (20) and the second optical element (30) each have a specified shape and / or position within a specified operating temperature range.

2. Optical device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the material bonding layer (40) comprises adhesive or the material bonding layer (40) consists of adhesive.

3. Optical device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the first bonding layer (40) is configured to vary along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30) such that, within the specified operating temperature range, the thermal expansion and / or thermal contraction of the first bonding layer (40), the first optical element (20) and the second optical element (30) is summed in a direction parallel to 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO) 50 of the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or of the second optical element (30) is at least sectionally uniform along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis (22).

4. Optical device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermal expansion and / or thermal contraction of the first bonded layer (40), the first optical element (20) and the second optical element (30) within the specified operating temperature range is not uniform in a direction parallel to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (30) and / or the second optical element (30) at least sectionally along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (22), such that the surface shape and / or surface orientation of a surface of the first optical element (20) facing away from the second optical element (30) and / or the surface shape and / or surface orientation of a surface of the second optical element (30) facing away from the first optical element (20) changes with temperature changes of the first bonded layer (40),of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30) is specifically modified within the specified operating temperature range.

5. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the first material bonding layer (40) is increasing with increasing distance from the point (45) where the first material bonding layer (40) has the smallest thickness in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30), in particular continuously increasing, preferably non-linearly increasing.

6. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first optical element (20) comprises or is a plastic lens and / or the 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO) 51 second optical element (30) comprises or is a glass lens.

7. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second interlocking layer (60) which directly contacts the first optical element (20) or which directly contacts the second optical element (30), wherein the second interlocking layer (60) is arranged between the first interlocking layer (40) and the first optical element (20) or between the first interlocking layer (40) and the second optical element (30), wherein the second interlocking layer (60) has a coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of the first interlocking layer (40), wherein in particular the difference is at least 10% of the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first interlocking layer (40).

8. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the refractive index and / or the refractive index dispersion of the first interlayer layer (40) is adapted to the first optical element (20) and / or to the second optical element (30).

9. Optical device (10) according to one of claims 1-7, wherein the first material bonding layer (40) has a temperature-dependent refractive index and / or refractive index dispersion that differs from the first optical element (20) and / or from the second optical element (30).

10. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first interlayer (40) comprises an additive for modifying the optical, mechanical and / or chemical properties of the first interlayer (40), in particular the refractive index, refractive index dispersion, stiffness, thermal expansion and / or thermal contraction, polymerization and / or polymerization shrinkage. 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO) 52 11. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stiffness of the first material bonding layer (40) has a gradient in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30).

12. Optical device (10) according to one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the first interlayer (40) and the second interlayer (60) have different refractive indices, in particular wavelength-dependent and / or temperature-dependent.

13. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first material bonding layer (40) and the second material bonding layer (60) are designed and arranged such that an interface (41) between the first material bonding layer (40) and the second material bonding layer (60) is at least partially step-shaped.

14. Optical device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the location where the first material bonding layer (40) has its smallest thickness is not on the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or the optical axis (22) of the second optical element (30).

15. Method for manufacturing an optical device (10) comprising a first optical element (20) and a second optical element (30), wherein the method comprises the following steps: Providing the first optical element (20); Providing the second optical element (30); and Applying a first interlocking layer (40) to the first optical element (20) and / or to the second optical element (30) and connecting the first optical element (20) to the second optical element (30) such that the first interlocking layer (40) is oriented differently along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30) in its 2023P00177WO 26486-CZA-PWO (C0042P-WO) 53 The thickness, which runs parallel to the optical axis (22) of the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30), is designed such that the surfaces of the first optical element (20) and / or the surfaces of the second optical element (30) have a predetermined shape and / or relative position during thermal expansion and / or thermal contraction of the first interfacial layer (40), the first optical element (20) and the second optical element (30) within a predetermined operating temperature range.

16. Method according to claim 15, wherein in the step of applying the first interlocking layer (40) the first interlocking layer (40) is produced at least partially, in particular completely, by primary forming, in particular from a liquid state.

Images