Terminal

Abstract

This terminal comprises: a reception unit that receives, from a base station, system information to which security protection has been applied; and a control unit that selects a layer to remove the security protection in accordance with the type of the system information, and removes the security protection in the selected layer.

Description

Terminal

[0006] ,

[0001] This disclosure relates to a terminal that receives system information.

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) standardizes the 5th generation mobile communication system (also called 5G, New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)), and is also proceeding with the standardization of the next generation mobile communication systems called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution or 6G.

[0003] The base station notifies system information to the terminals within the cell. The system information includes a Master Information Block (MIB) and a plurality of System Information Blocks (SIBs) (Non-Patent Document 1). Since no security protection is applied to any of the system information, all terminals within the cell can recognize its content.

[0004] 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.3.0, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification (Release 18), 3GPP, September 2024

[0005] Some system information also includes information assumed to be provided only to the terminals of specific users, not all terminals within the cell. For example, information such as high-precision time information and slice information corresponding to the cell is assumed to be provided only to users who have separately contracted to obtain such information. Therefore, there is an increasing demand to apply security protection to some system information.

[0006] However, the layer to which security protection is applied to system information may not be the same depending on the type of system information, and could be different. Since it is assumed that the layer to which security protection is applied and the layer to which security protection is removed are the same, there was a risk that the terminal could not uniformly remove security protection at a specific layer for the received system information.

[0007] Therefore, this disclosure aims to provide a terminal that can select a layer to bypass the security protection of system information.

[0008] One aspect of the disclosure is a terminal comprising: a receiving unit (wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 210) that receives system information to which security protection is applied from a base station; and a control unit (control unit 270) that selects a layer to which the security protection is to be removed according to the type of system information, and removes the security protection in the selected layer.

[0009] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a wireless communication system. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the frequency range used in the wireless communication system. Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of wireless frames, subframes, slots, and symbols used in the wireless communication system. Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of a terminal. Figure 5 is a functional block diagram of a base station. Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of the layer configuration of a base station. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for receiving system information. Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of a data unit in the media access control (MAC) layer. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle.

[0010] The embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that identical or similar reference numerals are used to denote the same functions and components, and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0011] (1) Wireless communication system configuration The wireless communication system 10 shown in Diagram 1 is a wireless communication system that follows a method called 5G. On the other hand, wireless communication system 10 may also be a wireless communication system that follows a method called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0012] The wireless communication system 10 can support Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO), which generates a more directional beam by controlling the wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements; carrier aggregation (CA), which uses multiple component carriers (CCs) bundled together; and dual connectivity (DC), which enables simultaneous communication with two base stations.

[0013] As shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication system 10 includes a base station 100 (hereinafter also referred to as BS100) that constitutes the Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) 20, and a terminal 200 (hereinafter also referred to as user equipment (UE) 200) that communicates wirelessly with the BS100. NG-RAN 20 may be read as BS100.

[0014] NG-RAN20 is connected to the core network (CN) 30. CN30 consists of multiple network functions (NFs). These NFs include, for example, the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 300 and the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) 400. AMF300 performs, for example, the registration of UE200. NWDAF400 performs, for example, the optimization of CN30. Note that the specific configuration of the wireless communication system 10, such as the number of BS100 and UE200, is not limited to the example shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, NG-RAN20 and CN30 may simply be referred to as "the network (NW)".

[0015] The BS100 may be divided into a central unit (CU) connected to the network and controlling the connection with the UE200, and a distributed unit (DU) connected to the UE200 and transmitting and receiving wireless signals to and from the UE200. The CU may be divided into a CU-CP that controls the control plane (CP) and a CU-UP that controls the user plane (UP). In other words, the BS100 may be divided into a CU-CP, a CU-UP, and a DU.

[0016] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 10 may support multiple frequency ranges (FRs). That is, as shown in Figure 2, it may support the following FRs: • FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz • FR2-1: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz • FR2-2: Over 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz

[0017] In FR1, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz may be used. In FR2-1, an SCS of 60 or 120 kHz (or 240 kHz) and a BW of 50 to 400 MHz may be used.

[0018] In FR2-2, to avoid an increase in phase noise, Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) with a larger SCS may be applied.

[0019] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, one slot in the wireless communication system 10 consists of 14 symbols. If this configuration is maintained, the larger (wider) the SCS becomes, the shorter the symbol period (and slot period). Note that the SCS is not limited to the frequencies shown in Figure 3, and may be other frequencies such as 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[0020] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one slot does not necessarily have to be 14; for example, it could be 28 or 56 symbols. In addition, the number of slots per subframe may vary depending on the SCS.

[0021] (2) Functional block configuration of the wireless communication system (2.1) Functional block configuration of the terminal As shown in Figure 4, the UE200 comprises a wireless signal transmission / reception unit 210, an amplifier unit 220, a modulation / demodulation unit 230, a control signal / reference signal processing unit 240, an encoding / decoding unit 250, a data transmission / reception unit 260, and a control unit 270.

[0022] The wireless signal transceiver 210 transmits and receives wireless signals to and from BS100. The wireless signal transceiver 210 may consist of a transmitting unit that transmits wireless signals to BS100 and a receiving unit that receives wireless signals from BS100. The wireless signals may include control signals (reference signals) or data, or may be interpreted as control signals (reference signals) or data. Transmission may be interpreted as reporting, notification, etc. Reception may be interpreted as setting, instructing, notification, etc. Setting may be implemented by setting information (information elements (IE)) of the wireless resource control (RRC) layer. Instructions may be implemented by control elements (CE) of the media access control (MAC) layer, or by downlink control information (DCI).

[0023] The wireless signal transmission / reception unit 210 of this embodiment can receive system information from BS100 that has been secured by BS100. Security protection and desecurity protection may be implemented by a security key (including a key stream) and a security algorithm. The security key and security algorithm may be shared between BS100 and UE200 in advance. Information indicating whether or not security protection is applied to the system information may also be included in the media access control (MAC) header.

[0024] System information may include Master Information Blocks (MIBs) and System Information Blocks (SIBs, specifically SIB1, etc.). System information may also be called broadcast information. Specific examples of system information are described below based on the description in 3GPP TS38.331 V18.3.0. Note that terms such as MIB and SIB (SIB1, etc.) may be replaced with other terms that mean the same thing.

[0025] ・MIB: MIB contains system information transmitted on the broadcast channel (BCH). ・SIB1: SIB1 contains information relevant when a UE evaluates whether or not it is permitted to access a cell and determines the scheduling of other system information. SIB1 also contains radio resource configuration information common to all UEs and burring information applied to Unified Access Control (UAC). ・SIB2: SIB2 contains cell reselection information common to intra-frequency / inter-frequency / inter-RAT cell reselection and intra-frequency cell reselection information other than the relevant adjacent cells. ・SIB3: SIB3 contains adjacent cell-related information relevant only to intra-frequency cell reselection. SIB3 includes cells with specific cell reselection parameters and cells in the exclusion list. ・SIB4: SIB4 contains adjacent cell-related information relevant to inter-frequency cell reselection. SIB4 includes cell reselection parameters common to a certain frequency and cell-specific reselection parameters. ・SIB5: SIB5 contains information relevant only to inter-RAT cell reselection. SIB5 contains cell reselection parameters common to a certain frequency. SIB6: SIB6 contains Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) primary notification. SIB7: SIB7 contains ETWS secondary notification. SIB8: SIB8 contains Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) notification. SIB9: SIB9 contains information related to GPS time and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). SIB10: SIB10 contains the Human Readable Network Name (HRNN) of Non-Public Network (NPN) in addition to SIB1. SIB11: SIB11 contains information related to idle / inactive measurements. SIB12: SIB12 contains NR sidelink communication / discovery settings. SIB13: SIB13 contains V2X sidelink communication settings as defined in 3GPP TS36.331.• SIB14: SIB14 contains V2X sidelink communication settings as defined in 3GPP TS36.331, which can be used in combination with the settings included in SIB13. • SIB15: SIB15 contains disaster roaming information. • SIB16: SIB16 contains slice-based cell reselection information settings. • SIB17: SIB17 contains TRS resource settings for idle / inactive UEs. • SIB17bis: SIB17bis is selectively scheduled when SIB17 is not scheduled and contains TRS resource settings for idle / inactive UEs. • SIB18: SIB18 contains network selection group identifiers (GINs) that support access using credentials from a Credential Holder or support UE onboarding. • SIB19: SIB19 contains satellite assistance information for Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) access. • SIB20: SIB20 contains information required to obtain the MBS Control Channel (MCCH) / MBS Traffic Channel (MTCH) settings for Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS) broadcast. • SIB21: SIB21 contains the mapping of current and / or adjacent carrier frequencies to MBS Frequency Selection Area Identities (FSAI). • SIB22: SIB22 contains ATG assistance information for Air-To-Ground (ATG) access. • SIB23: SIB23 contains NR sidelink positioning settings for dedicated SL-PRS resource pools. • SIB24: SIB24 contains information required to obtain the multicast MCCH / MTCH settings for MBS multicast reception in RRC_INACTIVE. • SIB25: SIB25 contains TN coverage information to assist in adjacent cell measurements for UEs of NTN cells.

[0026] System information may be classified into multiple categories. For example, MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17 (including SIB17bis, the same applies hereinafter), SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, and SIB24 may be classified as first-category system information. Similarly, SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB11, SIB16, SIB19, SIB21, and SIB25 may be classified as second-category system information.

[0027] The type of system information may be determined by the entity encoding the system information. For example, the type of system information encoded by a distributed device (DU, hereinafter also referred to as the first device) located on the UE200 side, which constitutes BS100, may be defined as the first type. Similarly, the type of system information encoded by a central device (CU, hereinafter also referred to as the second device) located on the network side, which constitutes BS100, may be defined as the second type.

[0028] Furthermore, the system information encoded by the first device may be MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17, SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, SIB24, and the system information encoded by the second device may be SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB11, SIB16, SIB19, SIB21, SIB25.

[0029] The type of system information may be determined by whether or not it is system information necessary for initial access to BS100. For example, system information necessary for initial access (e.g., MIB and SIB1) may be designated as Type 1 system information, and other system information may be designated as Type 2 system information. In this case, Type 1 system information (e.g., MIB and SIB1) may be protected by security measures applied by the distributed device. Similarly, Type 2 system information may be protected by security measures applied by the central device.

[0030] Furthermore, the second type of system information may be included in the wireless resource control layer message (RRC message) for the second type of system information. The wireless signal transceiver 210 of the embodiment may receive the RRC message for the second type of system information, which includes the second type of system information.

[0031] The amplifier section 220 consists of a Power Amplifier (PA) and a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), among other components. The amplifier section 220 amplifies the wireless signal output from the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 210. The amplifier section 220 also amplifies the wireless signal output from the modulation / demodulation unit 230.

[0032] The modulation / demodulation unit 230 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmission power setting, and resource block allocation for each predetermined communication destination (BS100 or other BS100). CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM may be applied in the modulation / demodulation unit 230. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM may be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0033] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing related to control signals transmitted to and from the BS100, such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0034] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing related to reference signals transmitted to and from the BS100, such as the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS).

[0035] Channels include control channels and data channels. Control channels include physical uplink control channels (PUCCH), physical downlink control channels (PDCCH), physical random access channels (PRACH), and physical broadcast channels (PBCH). Data channels include physical uplink sharing channels (PUSCH) and physical downlink sharing channels (PDSCH).

[0036] The encoding / decoding unit 250 performs data splitting / concatenation and coding / decoding for each predetermined communication destination (BS100 or other BS100).

[0037] Specifically, the encoding / decoding unit 250 decodes the data output from the modulation / demodulation unit 230 and concatenates the decoded data. The encoding / decoding unit 250 also divides the data output from the data transmission / reception unit 260 into predetermined sizes and performs coding on the divided data.

[0038] The data transmission / reception unit 260 performs assembly / decomposition of data units (Protocol Data Units (PDUs) / Service Data Units (SDUs)) that constitute the data between each layer. The multiple layers include the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. The data transmission / reception unit 260 also performs error correction and retransmission control of the data based on the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0039] The control unit 270 controls the UE200. For example, the control unit 270 controls the transmission and reception of wireless signals by the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 210, amplification by the amplifier unit 220, data modulation / demodulation by the modulation / demodulation unit 230, signal processing by the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240, coding / decoding by the encoding / decoding unit 250, and assembly / disassembly of data units by the data transmission / reception unit 260.

[0040] The control unit 270 of the embodiment can select a layer for releasing the security protection applied to the system information according to the type of the system information. The control unit 270 of the embodiment can release the security protection in the selected layer.

[0041] For example, the control unit 270 of the embodiment can select the MAC layer as the layer for releasing the security protection of the first type of system information according to the first type of system information. The control unit 270 of the embodiment can release the security protection applied to the first type of system information in the MAC layer. Similarly, the control unit 270 of the embodiment can select the PDCP layer as the layer for releasing the security protection of the second type of system information according to the second type of system information. The control unit 270 of the embodiment can release the security protection applied to the second type of system information in the PDCP layer.

[0042] After releasing the security protection applied to the system information, the control unit 270 of the embodiment can decode the system information (read the content of the system information).

[0043] As shown in the functional block configuration diagram 5 of the base station, BS100 includes a radio signal transceiver 110 and a control unit 120.

[0044] As described above, the BS100 of the embodiment may include a distributed device (first device) provided on the UE200 side and a central device (second device) provided on the network side. The distributed device may be composed of a physical (PHY) layer (specifically, High-PHY layer), a MAC layer, and an RLC layer, and the control device may be composed of a PDCP layer and an RRC layer.

[0045] On the other hand, the layer configuration of the distributed device and the control device is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 6, the boundary between the layers of the distributed device (DU in the figure) and the control device (CU in the figure) is Option 2. However, in other Options shown in FIG. 6, the distributed device and the control device may be separated. For example, when separated by Option 4, the distributed device may be composed of the High-PHY layer and the MAC layer, and the control device may be composed of the RLC layer, the PDCP layer, and the RRC layer. In FIG. 6, although the distributed device and the radio device (RU in the figure) are separated in Option 7, other Options may be selected for this boundary as well.

[0046] The radio signal transceiver 110 transmits and receives radio signals with the UE 200. The radio signal transceiver 110 may include a transmitter that transmits radio signals to the UE 200 and a receiver that receives radio signals from the UE 200. The radio signal may include a control signal (reference signal) or data, and may be read as a control signal (reference signal) or data. Transmission may be read as setting, instruction, notification, etc. Reception may be read as reporting (reported), notification (notified), etc. Note that the setting may be realized by the setting information (information element (IE)) of the radio resource control (RRC) layer. The instruction may be realized by the control element (CE) of the media access control (MAC) layer, or may be realized by the downlink control information (DCI).

[0047] The radio signal transceiver 110 can receive the information transmitted by the radio signal transceiver 210 described above. Also, the radio signal transceiver 110 can transmit the information received by the radio signal transceiver 210 described above.

[0048] As described above, the radio signal transceiver 110 of the embodiment can transmit system information to which security protection is applied. Also, the radio signal transceiver 110 of the embodiment can transmit an RRC message for the system information, including the system information to which security protection is applied.

[0049] The control unit 120 controls the BS100. The control unit 120 controls, for example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals by the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110. The control unit 120 also anticipates the operation of the UE200. The control unit 120 can control the BS100 by anticipating the operation of the UE200.

[0050] The control unit 120 can control the handover (HO) of the UE200. HO may be understood as a transition from the BS100 to which the UE200 is connected to another BS100. Alternatively, HO may be understood as a transition from the cell to which the UE200 is connected to another cell. The source and destination cells of the UE200 transition may be provided by one BS100 or by different BS100s. Note that HO may be reinterpreted as cell transition, cell change, beam change, or other terms.

[0051] The control unit 120 of the embodiment can apply security protection to system information. The control unit 120 of the embodiment can change the layer to which security protection is applied depending on the type of system information described above. For example, the control unit 120 of the embodiment can apply security protection at the MAC layer to the first type of system information and at the PDCP layer to the second type of system information. In this case, the control unit 120 that applies security protection at the MAC layer may be understood to be included in the distributed device (first device), and the control unit 120 that applies security protection at the PDCP layer may be understood to be included in the central device (second device).

[0052] Furthermore, the control unit 120 of the embodiment can, for example, encode first type system information using the MAC layer and second type system information using the PDCP layer. In this case, the control unit 120 that performs encoding using the MAC layer may be understood as being included in the distributed device (first device), and the control unit 120 that performs encoding using the PDCP layer may be understood as being included in the central device (second device).

[0053] (3) Operation of the wireless communication system (3.1) Challenges Some system information includes information that is intended to be provided only to the terminals of specific users, not to all terminals in the cell. For example, information such as high-precision time information (e.g., referenceTimeInfo) and slice information that the cell corresponds to (e.g., Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (NSSAI)) is intended to be provided only to users who have entered into a separate contract to obtain that information. Therefore, there is a growing demand to apply security protection to some system information. Currently, NSSAI is masked by being transmitted via Network Slice AS Group (NSAG), but there is a demand for stronger security protection.

[0054] However, the layer to which security protection is applied to system information may not be the same depending on the type of system information, and could be different. Since it is assumed that the layer to which security protection is applied and the layer to which security protection is removed are the same, there was a risk that the terminal could not uniformly remove security protection at a specific layer for the received system information.

[0055] (3.2) Operation Examples The operation examples will be explained with reference to Figures 7 and 8. First, as Operation Example 1, the case in which security protection is applied to the first type of system information (for example, MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17, SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, SIB24) will be explained. Next, as Operation Example 2, the case in which security protection is applied to the second type of system information (for example, SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB11, SIB16, SIB19, SIB21, SIB25) will be explained.

[0056] (3.2.1) Operation Example 1 As shown in Figure 7, BS100, specifically the distributed devices (DUs) that make up BS100, apply security protection to Type 1 system information. Security protection is applied at the MAC layer. BS100 transmits the Type 1 system information with security protection applied to UE200. UE200 selects a MAC layer according to the type of system information, that is, according to the type of system information being Type 1, and removes security protection at the selected MAC layer. This allows UE200 to read the contents of the system information.

[0057] Referring to Figure 8, we will now explain an example of MAC subPDUs related to Operation Example 1. As shown below, there are three possible examples of MAC subPDUs: Option 1 to Option 3.

[0058] (Option 1) The header for each MAC subPDU may include information (fields) indicating the contents of the MAC subPDU (e.g., MAC CE, system information (MIB / SIB)) and information (fields) indicating whether or not security protection is applied to the MAC subPDU (security protection status). Integrity protection may be achieved by assigning MAC-I only to MAC subPDUs to which security protection is applied. The ciphertext may be generated by performing bit-per-bit binary addition (XOR operation) on the MAC subPDUs to which security protection is applied as plaintext, together with the key stream.

[0059] (Option 2) The subheader within the MAC subPDUs may include information (fields) indicating the contents of the MAC subPDUs (e.g., MAC CE, system information (MIB / SIB)) and information (fields) indicating whether or not security protection is applied to the MAC subPDUs (security protection status). A MAC-I may be assigned to each MAC subPDU. Integrity protection may be achieved by assigning a MAC-I only to MAC subPDUs to which security protection is applied. The MAC-I field of MAC subPDUs to which security protection is not applied may be filled with padding bits set to 0. The ciphertext may be generated by performing bit-per-bit binary addition (XOR operation) with the key stream, using only the MAC subPDUs to which security protection is applied as plaintext.

[0060] (Option 3) The header attached to multiple MAC subPDUs (or the header of a MAC PDU) may include information (fields) indicating the contents of each MAC subPDU (e.g., MAC CE, system information (MIB / SIB)) and information (fields) indicating which MAC subPDUs are subject to security protection. Integrity protection may also be implemented by MAC-I attached to multiple MAC subPDUs. The ciphertext may be generated by performing bit-per-bit binary addition (XOR operation) on only the MAC subPDUs subject to security protection as plaintext, together with the key stream.

[0061] (3.2.2) Example of Operation 2 As shown in Figure 7, BS100, specifically the central unit (CU) that constitutes BS100, applies security protection to Type 2 system information. Security protection is applied at the PDCP layer. BS100 transmits the Type 2 system information with security protection applied to UE200. UE200 selects a PDCP layer according to the type of system information, that is, according to the type of system information being Type 2, and removes security protection at the selected PDCP layer. This allows UE200 to read the contents of the system information. Note that CU may be read as CU-CP or CU-UP.

[0062] The second type of system information may be transmitted via a Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB). The SRB may be, for example, SRB1, or other SRBs (e.g., SRB0, SRB2, SRB3, SRB4, SRB5).

[0063] Furthermore, the second type of system information may be included in a new RRC message and transmitted. In this case, security protection may be applied to the new RRC message. This security protection may be performed at the PDCP layer. The new RRC message may be understood as an RRC message for the second type of system information.

[0064] A new RRC message containing Type 2 system information may be transmitted via a Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB). The SRB may be, for example, SRB1, or other SRBs (e.g., SRB0, SRB2, SRB3, SRB4, SRB5). The new RRC message containing Type 2 system information may be multicast / broadcast / unicast to all UEs in a given group or cell.

[0065] (3.2.3) UE capability In accordance with the above-mentioned operational examples, the following UE capabilities may be applied: • UE capability indicating the ability to perform decipher and / or integrity verification on security-protected system information (MIB / SIB) • UE capability indicating the ability to perform decipher and / or integrity verification at the MAC layer on security-protected system information (MIB / SIB) • UE capability indicating the ability to perform decipher and / or integrity verification at the PDCP layer on security-protected system information (MIB / SIB)

[0066] (4) Operation and Effects According to the embodiments described above, the UE200 can change the layer at which security protection is removed depending on the type of system information. Specifically, the UE200 can remove security protection at the MAC layer for the first type of system information, and at the PDCP layer for the second type of system information. As a result, the UE200 can remove security protection from system information even when security protection is applied at different layers depending on the type of system information.

[0067] According to the embodiment described above, information indicating whether or not security protection is present is included in the MAC header, so the UE200 can recognize at the MAC layer whether or not security protection is present for the system information. Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the second type of system information may be included in the RRC message for the second type of system information. As a result, the UE200 can recognize that the type of system information is the second type when it receives the RRC message.

[0068] According to the embodiment described above, the distributed device can encode and protect the security information of the first type of system information, and the central device can encode and protect the security information of the second type of system information. In this way, the entity responsible for encoding and security protection can be standardized according to the type of system information, thus enabling efficient security protection.

[0069] (5) Other Embodiments Although the contents of the present invention have been described above in accordance with the embodiments, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these descriptions and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0070] The UE may report the following capability information to the BS: • Capability information for each operational example • Capability information for options in the operational example, or for combinations of options • Capability information for variations in the operational example, or for combinations of variations

[0071] UE can report the above capability information for each frequency. Specifically, it can report the above capability information for each UE, each FR1, each FR2, each FR2-1, each FR2-2, each FR3, each SCS, each band, each BC, each FC, and each FSPC.

[0072] The UE can report the above capability information for each cell. Specifically, it can report the above capability information for each UE, each cell, and each TDD and FDD.

[0073] In this disclosure, whether or not to apply an example of operation, which example of operation to apply, and / or which option or variation to use may be any of the following: • Set by a higher-layer parameter. • Determined by the relevant higher-layer parameter. • Indicated by MAC CE or DCI. • Determined based on UE capability. • As described in the specification. • Based on conditions described in the specification. • Determined by the setting of a higher-layer parameter / MAC CE / DCI and the reported UE capability (a combination of the above determinations).

[0074] In this disclosure, multiple options and variations may be combined as a single option / variation.

[0075] In this disclosure, the measurement RS may be a QCL resource RS in an active TCI state or a specified TCI state.

[0076] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network in the following types (in this disclosure, the network may be referred to as the gNB): • Information via upper-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages, LPP messages) • MAC CE • MAC CE with a new LCID in the subheader • Extensions to existing MAC CEs (e.g., introduction of a new ocset) • DCI • DCI field: existing / newly introduced DCI field • RNTI: DCI with a CRC scrambled by an existing / newly introduced RNTI • DCI format: existing / newly introduced DCI format • Combinations of these

[0077] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network in the following periodic types: • Periodic • Semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB) • Aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB)

[0078] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network using the following QCL rules: • QCL type A • QCL type B • QCL type C • QCL type D

[0079] In this disclosure, the QCL resource RS for each QCL type may be as follows: • SSB • CSI-RS with / without repetition • TRS • PDCCH / PDSCH DMRS

[0080] In this disclosure, information from the network may be configured / instructed as follows: • UE common / UE dedicated • Cell specific / Cell common • Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per CG

[0081] In this disclosure, the UE may report information to the network in the following types (in this disclosure, the network may be referred to as the gNB): • Information via upper-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages, LPP messages) • MAC CE • MAC CE with a new LCID in the subheader • Extensions to existing MAC CEs (e.g., introduction of a new ocset) • UCI • UCI on PUCCH or PUSCH • A combination of these

[0082] In this disclosure, the UE may report information to the network in the following periodic types: • Periodic • Semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB) • Aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB)

[0083] The examples of operation described above may be combined and applied in combination, as long as no inconsistencies arise.

[0084] The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining software with the one or more of the above devices.

[0085] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, judgment, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0086] For example, the base station 100 and terminal 200 in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as computers that process the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 100 and terminal 200 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-mentioned base station 100 and terminal 200 may be physically configured as computer devices including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0087] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 100 and terminal 200 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0088] Each function in the base station 100 and terminal 200 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0089] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may consist of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, and so on.

[0090] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. Furthermore, although it has been explained that the above processes are executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0091] Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), etc. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0092] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., Compact Disc, Digital Multipurpose Disc, Blu-ray® Disc), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0093] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver / receiver device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).

[0094] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0095] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0096] Furthermore, the base station 100 and terminal 200 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be realized by such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0097] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), upper layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or combinations thereof. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0098] Each aspect / embodiment described herein may apply to systems utilizing Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA®, GSM®, CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, and other appropriate systems, as well as at least one of the next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0099] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be reordered, provided they do not contradict each other. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0100] The specific operations described in this disclosure as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station and at least one other network node (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station, it may also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0101] Information and signals (such as data) can be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). Input and output may occur via multiple network nodes.

[0102] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to other devices.

[0103] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0104] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during implementation. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (e.g., by not providing such notification).

[0105] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0106] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0107] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different technologies. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0108] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0109] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0110] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a given value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0111] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0112] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0113] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which may be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head, RRH). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems providing communication services in that coverage.

[0114] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control or operation based on the information.

[0115] In this disclosure, terms such as “terminal,” “user terminal,” “Mobile Station (MS),” and “User Equipment (UE)” may be used interchangeably.

[0116] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0117] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This also includes the case when the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operation commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0118] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the terminal 200 may have the functions that the base station 100 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0119] Similarly, the term "terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 100 may be configured to have the same functions as the terminal 200 described above.

[0120] Figure 10 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 10, vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0121] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor.

[0122] The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0123] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0124] Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from the current sensor 2021 that senses motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals obtained by the rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals obtained by the air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by the acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals obtained by the accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals obtained by the brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals obtained by the shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by the object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0125] The Information Services Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including car navigation systems, audio systems, speakers, televisions, and radios, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Services Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via communication modules 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0126] The Information Services Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) and output devices that output to external sources (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.).

[0127] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also sends and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0128] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0129] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0130] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above input.

[0131] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013).

[0132] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in memory 2032, which is available to the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0133] As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), or ascertaining. “Determining” may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, or accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering that some action has been "judged" or "decided." Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0134] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0135] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS and may be called Pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0136] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0137] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0138] In the configuration of each of the above devices, "means" may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0139] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0140] A wireless frame may consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of these frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0141] Numerology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerology may include, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0142] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). A slot may also be a time unit based on neurology.

[0143] A slot may include multiple mini-slots. Each mini-slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Mini-slots may also be called sub-slots. Mini-slots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0144] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Different names may be used for each of these terms.

[0145] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1 to 13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0146] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each terminal to allocate radio resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0147] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Note that when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0148] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0149] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a subslot, or a slot.

[0150] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0151] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0152] Furthermore, the time domain of RB may contain one or more symbols and may be the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0153] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0154] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area of ​​one subcarrier and one symbol. A bandwidth part (BWP) (also called a partial bandwidth, etc.) may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0155] A BWP may include BWPs for UL (UL BWP) and BWPs for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0156] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0157] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0158] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0159] In this disclosure, if articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0160] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0161] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0162] (Note) The disclosure described above may also be expressed as follows:

[0163] The first feature is that the terminal may include a receiving unit that receives system information to which security protection is applied from a base station, and a control unit that selects a layer to which the security protection is to be removed according to the type of system information, and removes the security protection in the selected layer.

[0164] The second feature is that, in the first feature, the base station may be a terminal comprising a first device provided on the terminal side and a second device provided on the network side, wherein the type of system information includes a first type encoded by the first device and a second type encoded by the second device.

[0165] A third feature is that, in the second feature, the control unit may be a terminal that selects the media access control (MAC) layer as the layer according to the first type of system information.

[0166] The fourth feature is that, in the third feature, the information indicating whether or not security protection is provided for the system information may be included in the MAC header, or it may be a terminal.

[0167] A fifth feature is that, in the second feature, the control unit may be a terminal that selects the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer as the layer according to the second type of system information.

[0168] The sixth feature is that, in the fifth feature, the second type of system information may be a terminal included in a message of the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer for the second type of system information.

[0169] 10 Wireless communication system 20 NG-RAN 30 CN 100 Base station 110 Wireless signal transmission / reception unit 120 Control unit 200 Terminal 210 Wireless signal transmission / reception unit 220 Amplifier unit 230 Modulation / demodulation unit 240 Control signal / reference signal processing unit 250 Encoding / decoding unit 260 Data transmission / reception unit 270 Control unit 300 AMF 400 NWDAF 1001 Processor 1002 Memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Unit 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 Rotation Speed ​​Sensor 2023 Air Pressure Sensor 2024 Vehicle Speed ​​Sensor 2025 Acceleration Sensor 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor 2027 Shift Lever Sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator Pedal Sensor 2030 Driving Assistance System Unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication Port (IO Port)

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives system information to which security protection is applied from a base station; and a control unit that selects a layer to which the security protection is to be removed according to the type of system information, and removes the security protection in the selected layer.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the base station comprises a first device provided on the terminal side and a second device provided on the network side, and the type of system information includes a first type encoded by the first device and a second type encoded by the second device.

3. The terminal according to claim 2, wherein the control unit selects a media access control (MAC) layer as the layer according to the first type of system information.

4. The terminal according to claim 3, wherein the information indicating whether or not the security protection is applied to the system information is included in the MAC header.

5. The terminal according to claim 2, wherein the control unit selects the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer as the layer according to the second type of system information.

6. The terminal according to claim 5, wherein the second type of system information is included in a message of the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer for the second type of system information.

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